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UFMFX6-15-2
Dr. Mayo Adetoro
Thursday, 13
October 2016
Outline
1. Transverse Shear
Definition
Shear flow
Transverse shear equation
Examples
Transverse Shear
Definition
Consider the section below with an applied shear force, F,
Transverse Shear
Definition
Consider the section below with an applied shear force, F,
Transverse Shear
Definition
Consider the section below with an applied shear force, F,
Transverse Shear
Definition
For the segment we have the bending moments and also internal forces that are perpendicular to the
beam’s longitudinal axis, which are called the transverse shear force.
The bending moment changes from M to M + dM for two cross‐sections
(shear plane) that are an infinitesimal length, dx apart.
The transverse shear force also changes from V (at the left
cross‐section) to V + dV at the right cross‐section.
This transverse shear force gives rise to a transverse shear stress in the
infinitesimal element.
We know from equilibrium that, τ = τxy = τyx.
This whole element however is not in pure shear.
In other words we cannot solve the transverse shear problem
on the element as a whole.
Rather we define a fibre along the vertical direction.
Transverse Shear
Definition
Going back to the beam we can now define the equilibrium of forces,
Transverse Shear
Definition
Going back to the beam we can now define the equilibrium of forces,
d xx d sx
x xx
F t ds sx t dx
xx
dx
dx
t ds
sx
ds
ds t dx 0
d d
xx dx t ds sx ds t dx 0
dx ds
d d
xx sx 0
dx ds
Transverse Shear
Shear Flow
We will now define a parameter know is known as shear flow, q.
Shear flow, q is defined as the shearing force per unit of length and we can obtain this multiplying the shear
stress by a thickness across which they shear stress is constant.
Consider for example an open beam
section.
A s t q t
F A F qs
t s t s
Transverse Shear
Shear Flow
For our beam bending what length could be used to define the shear flow, q.
qsx
sx
t
d xx d sx
0
dx ds
d 1 dqsx
xx 0
dx t ds
d xx dqsx
t 0
dx ds
Transverse Shear
Shear Flow
d xx dqsx
t 0
dx ds
We remember that the general unsymmetrical bending equation is,
I zz M y x I yz M z x I yy M z x I yz M y x
xx z y
I yy I zz I yz
2 I yy I zz I yz
2
dM y x dM z x dM z x dM y x
I zz I yz I yy I yz
d xx dx dx z dx dx y
dx I yy I zz I yz
2 I yy I zz I yz
2
Transverse Shear
Shear Flow
Going back to the element,
dM dM
M M dx V dx dx 0
dx dx
dM
dx Vdx 0
dx
dM
V
dx
dM y
Vz
dx
dM z
Vy
dx
Transverse Shear
Transverse shear equation
Therefore we have
dqsx d xx
t
ds dx
dM y x dM z x dM z x dM y x
I zz I yz I yy I yz
dqsx dx dx t z dx dx t y
ds I yy I zz I yz
2 I yy I zz I yz
2
dqsx I zzVz x I yzV y x I yyV y x I yzVz x
tz ty
ds I yy I zz I yz
2 I yy I zz I yz
2
Transverse Shear
Transverse shear equation
To obtain the shear flow distribution we simply integrate along the s‐direction as follows,
s
dqsx I zzVz x I yzV y x s I yyV y x I yzVz x s
ds t z ds
t y ds
ds I I I 2 I I I 2
s0 yy zz yz s0 yy zz yz s0
In a more simple notation we have,
I zzVz x I yzV y x s I yyV y x I yzVz x s
q s q s0 t z ds
t y ds
I I I 2 I I I 2
yy zz yz 0 yy zz yz 0
Where, s0 is the local variable, s at the beginning of the integration and q(s0) is the respective shear flow at
this begning location.
Example 1
Symmetric Section
Consider the beam shown, which has a shear force acting as shown.
Obtain the shear flow distribution and the point of maximum shear.
Example 1
Symmetric Section
Example 1
Symmetric Section
Example 1
Symmetric Section
Transverse Shear
Transverse shear equation
It is worth noting that the transverse shear equation can also be written in a different form as,
I zzVz x I yzV y x s I yyV y x I yzVz x s
q s q s0 t z ds
t y ds
I I I 2 I I I 2
yy zz yz 0 yy zz yz 0
I zzVz x I yzV y x I yyV y x I yzVz x
q s q s0 z dA y dA
I I I 2 A I I I 2 A
yy zz yz yy zz yz
I zzVz x I yzV y x I yyV y x I yzVz x
q s q s0 Qz Q
y
I I I 2 I I I 2
yy zz yz yy zz yz
Example 2
Symmetric Section
Consider the beam shown, which has a shear force acting as shown.
Obtain the shear flow distribution and the point of maximum shear using
the transverse shear equation in the centroid form.
Example 2
Symmetric Section
Example 3
Symmetric Section
A thin‐walled beam section, symmetric about its X‐X axis
through the section centroid has wall thickness of 3 mm and
is loaded in the ‐Y direction through the section shear centre
with 50 kN. All dimensions are given to the centre‐lines or ends
of the walls.
Calculate the second moment of area of the section about
the X‐X axis.
Calculate the value of the applied shear flows entering and
leaving junctions 2 and 4 and draw junctions 2 and 4 and show
the direction (using arrows) and value of the applied shear
flows entering and leaving the junctions.
Calculate the shear force in the web length 4‐6.
Example 3
Second Moment of Area about X‐X
Example 3
Shear Flow
Example 3
Shear Flow
Example 3
Shear Flow
Example 3
Shear Flow
Example 3
Shear Flow
Example 3
Shear Flow Distribution
Example 3
Max Shear Stress
Example 3
Shear Force in Web 4‐6.