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PENDAHULUAN

INTRODUCTION

Otitis media is an infection and inflammation affected the middle ear. Otitis media is
commin and mostly appear in developing country. Some studies showed about 80% children
have otitis media at least once in the first 3 years of life. Otitis media classified into two main
types, acute and chronic otitis media. Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is characterized by the acute
inflammation process, with the main symptoms are othalgia, fever, and discharge of fluids from
ear sometimes. Chronic Otitis Media (COM) is characterized by discharge of fluids from the
middle ear and tympanic membrane perforation more than 3 months. COM occurs in 65-330
million people around the world, mostly in developing country. It is estimated 31 million new
cases of COM each year. Mahadevat et al (2012) reported the porevalence of COM in Indonesia
is 5.4%, and in Thailand, Philippine, Malauysia, and Vietnam is about 2-4% compared with
0.01-0.03/1000 cases in United States.1,2
The diagnosis of COM determined by anamnesis and physical examination. From the
anamnesis, the symptoms are discharge from ear with hearing loss, othalgia, tinnitus, and
vertigo. The main symptoms is discharge form ear and hearing loss. The discharge is usually
purulent and foul smell, especially in COM with cholesteatome. From the otoscope examination
were found membrane tympatic perforation and sometimes found pocket retraction and
granulation tissue. Radiology examination with computered tomography of mastoid bone not
routinely checked, only for COM with complication, COM with cholesteatome, and COM that
need surgical treatment.2,3
Treatment of COM is done conservatively with eardrops antibiotic and aurai toilet.
Surgical treatment is the final choice after conservative therapy does not respond, or in COM
with complication such as severe hearing loss, facial nerve palsy, periosteal abcess, petrositis,
sinus venous thrombosis, and others. There 2 approaching surgical mastoidectomy technic for
COM with or without cholesteatome, Canal Wall Up Mastoidectomy (CWU) and Canal Wall
Down Mastoidectomy (CWD). in CWU, tympanic cavity and mastoid cleared and still maintain
the posterior wall of external acoustic canal (EAC), while in CWD, the posterior wall of EAC
destroyed until the facial ridge border.3
The variation of COM patients, pre or post surgical, from the general characteristics,
audiometric description, computered tomography, and intraoperative findings. This study aim to
evaluate the abnormality findings in COM patient preoperative or intraoperative in Mohammad
Hoesin Hospital Palembang, and describe in general the profile of COM patients that undergo
surgical treatment in Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang.

Pada CWU dilakukan pembersihan kavum timpani dan mastoid dengan tetap mempertahankan
dinding posterior kanalis akustikus eksternus (KAE), sedangkan pada CWD dinding posterior
KAE diruntuhkan sampai batas fasial ridge.3
Adanya variasi penderita OMK baik praoperasi maupun intraoperasi dari segi karateristik
umum, gambaran audiometri, tomografi komputer serta temuan intraoperatif, Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kelainan yang dijumpai pada pasien OMSK praoperasi maupun
intraoperasi di RSUP Dr..Mohammad Hoesin Palembang sehingga dapat memberikan gambaran
secara keseluruhan rerata profil penderita OMK yang dilakukan tindakan operasi di RSUP Dr.
Mohammad Hoesin Palembang.

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