DOCUMENT NO.

: FM-EEC-18-01

LABORATORY EXPERIMENT REPORT RUBRIC

EFFECTIVE DATE: OCTOBER 5, 2015

NAME OF STUDENT: DATE SUBMITTED:

SORIANO, MICHAEL ERIC C. MAY 15, 2017

EXPERIMENT TITLE EVALUATOR:

EXPERIMENT NO.2: MEDIUM LENGTH LINE: NOMINAL T METHOD Engr. Senen D. Fenomeno

Poor Fair Good Very Good Excellent

Criteria Score
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
A. Completeness The laboratory report The laboratory report The laboratory report The laboratory report The laboratory report
and organization is untidy, did not follow is untidy, followed the is neat, followed the is neat, followed the is very neat, well
of the Experiment the given format, given format, some given format, some given format, no presented, followed
some parts are parts are missing, parts are missing, missing parts, and the given format,
Laboratory missing, most most questions are not mostly questions are only a few questions organized, and the
Report questions are not answered. not answered. are not answered. required content is
answered. complete.
The result, gathered The result is correct, The result and The result and The result, gathered
data, and answers to however, gathered gathered data were gathered data were all data, and answers to
questions were all data, and answers to correct, however, correct, and most of questions are all
incorrect. If data questions were all answers to questions the answers to correct. If data sheets
B. Correctness of sheets are required in incorrect. If data were all incorrect. If questions are all are required in the
the gathered data the experiment, they sheets are required in data sheets are correct. If data sheets experiment, data
are not used. the experiment, data required in the are required in the sheets are fully
and answers to sheets are used but experiment, data experiment, data consulted and correct
questions. wrong data are used sheets are consulted sheets are consulted data are used in the
in the computation or but some of the data but with few wrong tabulation or
tabulated. used are wrong. data used in the computation.
computation or
tabulation.

The interpretation of The interpretation of The interpretation of The interpretation of The interpretation of
data and discussion data and discussion data and discussion data and discussion data and discussion
C. Interpretation of were not based on the were based on the were based on the were based on the were based on the
data and result and data result and data result and data result and data result and data
discussion gathered during the gathered during the gathered during the gathered during the gathered during the
experiment. experiment, but does experiment, and experiment, and experiment and are
not present clarity. somehow presents mostly presents clarity. presented very clearly.
clarity.
The conclusion was The conclusion was The conclusion was The conclusion was The conclusion was
not based on the based on the based on the based on the based on the
D. Conclusion objectives and all objectives but not all objectives and few of objectives and most of objectives and all of
ideas are not coherent of the ideas are the ideas are coherent the ideas are coherent the ideas are coherent
or clear. coherent nor clear. but not too clear. and clear. and presented very
clearly.
The words used were The words used were The words used were The words used were The words used were
not appropriate, had somehow appropriate, appropriate, had good appropriate, had very appropriate, had
poor grammar, had had good grammar, grammar, had good good grammar, had excellent grammar,
E. Use of Language bad sentence had good sentence sentence construction very good sentence had excellent
construction and ideas construction and not and few of the ideas construction and sentence construction
were not clearly all ideas were clearly were clearly almost all of the ideas and all of the ideas
expressed. expressed. expressed. were clearly were clearly
expressed. expressed.
The laboratory report The laboratory report The laboratory report The laboratory report The laboratory report
F. Promptness was submitted two or was submitted one was submitted three to was submitted one to was submitted on
more weeks late. week late. six days late two days late. time.
w
 Final Data Sheet
Experiment No. 2 – Medium Length Line: Nominal T Method

Table 1A- Resistive load (C = 8μF)

R Vs Is Ps VD1 VD2 Vc I VR IR PR pfR %VR %η
25% 137.75 1.4525 197.6 9 9 139.1 0.42 136.72 1.4331 195.62 1 6.15 98.998
50% 136.93 2.6820 361.96 18 18 132.1 0.4 128.28 2.7013 345.31 1 11.95 95.40
75% 135.67 3.716 480.5 25 27 127.1 0.38 119.98 3.7832 454.0 1 17.64 94.583
100% 134.95 4.5950 569 31 33 122 0.37 112.18 4.6786 524.8 1 23.00 92.23
125% 135.13 5.368 623.5 36 38 116.7 0.35 105.29 5.4785 576.87 1 27.73 92.52
150% 134.91 6.003 657.1 41 43 112.1 0.34 98.09 6.1218 600.5 1 32.67 91.38
VRNL = 145.69V

Table 1B - Resistive load (C = 16μF)

R Vs Is Ps VD1 VD2 Vc I VR IR PR pfR %VR %η
25% 137.37 1.6168 205.82 10 9 141.7 0.84 138.53 1.4511 201.03 1 7.18 97.67
50% 136.92 2.7480 374.12 19 19 135.4 0.82 130.57 2.7561 359.9 1 12.52 96.20
75% 135.9 3.7695 503.2 26 27 129.6 0.78 122.43 3.8668 473.5 1 17.97 94.10
100% 135.24 4.6276 585.3 32 34 123.9 0.75 114.48 4.7790 546.9 1 23.30 93.44
125% 135.22 5.3741 644 36 39 119.1 0.72 107.07 5.5712 596.53 1 28.26 92.63
150% 135.28 6.0228 680.3 46 44 113.9 0.69 99.9 6.2353 622.96 1 33.07 91.57
VRNL = 149.25V

Table 2A - Resistive and Inductive load (C = 8μF)

Trial Vs Is Ps VD1 VD2 Vc I VR IR PR pfR %VR %η
25% 138.65 1.5796 171.93 10 11 131.3 0.39 120.91 1.8313 166.09 0.750 19.09 96.60
50% 137.75 2.5978 305.5 18 19 127.3 0.39 114.79 2.7720 290.56 0.913 23.18 95.12
75% 136.81 3.5443 410.1 24 26 123.1 0.37 108.96 3.703 385.0 0.954 27.08 93.90
100% 136.78 4.3792 491.4 30 32 118.8 0.36 103.55 4.5324 456.5 0.973 30.70 92.90
125% 136.13 5.1129 548.1 35 36 114.3 0.34 97.59 5.274 505.4 0.982 34.69 92.21
150% 136.27 5.7522 589.6 40 41 110.7 0.33 91.7 5.8966 533.84 0.987 38.63 90.57
VRNL = 149.43V

Table 2B - Resistive and Inductive load (C = 16μF)

Trial Vs Is Ps VD1 VD2 Vc I VR IR PR pfR %VR %η
25% 138.74 1.4204 178.26 9 11 133.7 0.8 123.31 1.8702 172.56 0.748 17.38 96.80
50% 137.96 2.5152 317.75 16 19 129.8 0.78 117.21 2.8364 301.87 0.908 21.47 95.00
75% 137.46 3.4927 428.1 24 26 125.3 0.75 111.05 3.778 400.3 0.954 25.59 93.51
100% 136.54 4.3133 505.8 29 33 120.6 0.73 105.14 4.6047 470.87 0.973 29.55 93.09
125% 136.19 5.0567 565.4 35 37 116.2 0.70 99.02 5.3441 520.03 0.983 33.65 91.98
150% 135.69 5.6790 603.0 39 41 112.1 0.68 93.02 5.9817 549.25 0.987 37.68 91.09
VRNL = 149.25V
Interpretation of Results

Experiment No. 2, also known as Medium Length Line: Nominal T Method was
analyzed with the use of the equipment and observe the behavior of the
parameters with different conditions of the loads. In here, capacitance needs
now to be considered since there is a potential difference of the conductors in the
ground and air as a dielectric medium.

The circuit given in the medium length line was connected with the
parameters resistor and capacitors. For table 1A and table 1B with a
characteristic of resistive load, we observe that when there’s a capacitance, the
sending end and receiving end were not equal because it is due to the certain
losses at the conductor. The current flowing from the source or known as the
sending end current was equal to the summation of the receiving end current and
the charging current that flows to the capacitor. After performing the
experiment, we were able to gather all the measured data from the experiment
and computed for the voltage regulation and efficiency given the formulas. (%VR
= (VNL – VR) / VR x 100% where VNL is the no load voltage and VR is the receiving
end voltage.); percent efficiency = Output Power/ Input Power x 100% where in the
output power is the receiving end power which is PR and the input power is the
sending end power which is Ps.

For the second part of the experiment with the combination of inductive
and resistive load using the two different values of the shunt capacitance, 8 and
16 microfarad, we observe that as the value of the load current increases, the
sending end current also increases while the sending end voltage decreases as
there’s an increase of value of the load current. Also, upon observing and
analyzing the performance of the voltage regulation and efficiency, we were
able to determine the no load voltage and full load voltage. The no load voltage
is not equal anymore to the sending end voltage since the no load voltage is the
ratio of the sending end voltage and the admittance and impedance of the
circuit and it is always dependent to the series impedance and to the admittance
of the conductor. Also, the receiving end is not now equal to the sending end
voltage since there’s a voltage drop in the line impedance.

.
Conclusion

The group was able to completely meet and obtained all the objectives of the
Medium Length Line or the T circuit. Therefore we conclude that:

 In a Medium Length Transmission lines is different from the Short Length

Transmission line since the length to be considered should be greater than 80 km
but less than 240 km and its voltage operation normally ranges at 33 kV.

 Capacitance in the medium length line is not neglected and it increases the power
to be produced in the transmission line.

 The current flowing from the source or known as the sending end current
was equal to the summation of the receiving end current and the charging
current that flows to the capacitor.

 The no load voltage is not equal anymore to the sending end voltage since
the no load voltage is the ratio of the sending end voltage and the
admittance and impedance of the circuit and it is always dependent to the
series impedance and to the admittance of the conductor.

 Efficiency is inversely related to the VR. Overall, resistive load consumes more
power and adding an inductive load reduces the total power consumed and being
passed through the line

 There’s a decrease in power quality since the efficiency of the line is decreasing.

 There’s an increase in the voltage drop since the current flowing in the shunt
capacitance is decreasing and it results an increase in sending end current and
receiving end current.

 The resistive load consumes more power but when an inductive load is added,
there’s a decrease in total power consumed by the transmission line

 Ferranti effect is when a transmission line is lightly loaded or not loaded, the
receiving end voltage exceeds the sending end voltage. Thus, the receiving end
voltage is greater than the sending end.

 The efficiency of the system is decreasing while the voltage regulation is

increasing for a reduction in the value of load resistance.
Answers to Question and Problems

1. What did you observe about the value of receiving end and sending end currents in
the nominal T circuit as compared to the currents in a short line circuit? Explain
your answer.
As my observation, the value of receiving end and sending end currents in the
nominal T circuit, the sending end current and the receiving end current is not
equal since the current is affected by the shunt admittance and it passes
through it unlike in the short line circuit the sending end current is equal to the
receiving end current.

2. Why is the capacitance of the line being considered in the analysis of medium
length line?
Capacitance is being considered in the analysis of medium length line
because in a medium length line, there is a high voltage flowing because of having
a longer line which means having a high voltage transmission will yield to a
higher capacitance allowing the charging current to flow through it. The shunt
capacitance is placed along the series impedance and the capacitance is not
neglected since it has a high value of capacitance.
3. What causes the voltage at the receiving end to rise more than the voltage at the
sending end at low local condition?
It is known to be the Ferranti Effect that causes the voltage at the receiving
end to rise more than the voltage at the sending end at low condition since the
receiving end voltage increases beyond the sending end voltage.
4. A 370km long three-phase transmission line has a series impedance 0.8431cis (79
.04deg) ohm/mi and a shunt admittance of 5.105x10-6 cis (90) mho/mi. The load on
the line is 125MW at 215kV with 100% power factor. Find the voltage, current and
power at the sending end. Also, determine the efficiency and the voltage
regulation of the line. (Use the Nominal T equivalent circuit).

l = 370 km = 229.956 mi
z = 0.8431cis (79 .04deg) ohm/mi
y = 5.105x10-6 cis (90) mho/mi
Pr = 125MW
Vr=215kV
Pfr = 1

ZT=zl = j1.1739E-3 mho

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