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NATURE OF MATTER
In thes method, the mixture of kerosene and petrol is taken in a distilation flask with
thermometer fitted in it. We also need a beaker, a water condeser, and a bunsen burner. The
apparatus is arranged as shown in the above figure. Then, the mixture is heated slowly. Teh
thermometer should be wathced simultaneously. Kerosene will vaporize and condese in the
water condensor. The condensed kerosene is collected from the condenser outlet, whereas
petrol is left behind in the distilation flask
3. 5.3 + 6 → 2.2 + 8.2 + 0.9
11.3 → 11.3
Total mass before reaction = total mass after reaction
4. Ratio = Hidrogen : Oxygen = 1 : 8
If the mass of hydrogen is 3, the mass of oxygen is 8 x 3 = 24 g
5. Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
6. Number neutrons = atomic mass – number of protons = 4 – 2 = 2
7.
8. Carbon = 6
First orbital (k-shell) = 2 electrons
Second orbital (l-shell) = 4 electron
Sodium = 11
First orbital (k-shell) = 2 electrons
Second orbital (l-shell) = 8 electrons
Third orbital (m-shell) = 1 electron
9. The atomic number of sodium is 11 (neutral) an electronic configuration is 2, 8, 1
But this problem sodium is Na+ has 10 electrons. Out of10, K-shells contain 2 and L-shells contain
8 electrons respectively. Thus, Na+ has completely filled K and L shells
10.12C6 and 14C6 are isotopes, have the same electronic configuration as (2,4)
22
Ne10 and 22Ne11 are isobars. They have different electronic configuration as given below :
22
Ne10 (2, 8)
22
Ne11 (2, 8, 1)