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WORKSHEET CHEMIST

NATURE OF MATTER

1. List the points of differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.


2. How will you separate a mixture containing kerosene and petrol (difference in their boiling points
is more than 25 ֯C), which are miscible with each other?
3. In a reaction, 5,3 g of sodium carbonate reacted with 6 g of ethanoic acid. The product were 2.2 g
of carbon dioxide, 0.9 g water and 8.2 g of sodium ethanoate. Show thet these observations are
in agreement with the law of conservation of mass.
Sodium carbonat + ethanoic acid → sodium ethanoate + carbon dioxide + water
4. Hydrogen and oxigen combine in the ratio 1 : 8 by mass to form water. What mass of oxygen gas
would be required to react completely with 3 g of hydrogen gas?
5. Name the three sub-atomic particles of an atom!
6. Helium atom has an atomic mass of and two protons in its nucleus. How many neutrons does it
have?
7. Draw a sketch of Bohr’s model of an atom with three shells
8. Write the distribution of electrons in carbon and sodium atoms
9. Na+ has completely filled K and L shells. Explain.
10.Write how the electronic configuration of any one pair of isotopes and isobars?
Asnwer
1. Homogeneous mixture : a mixture having a uniform composition throughout the mixture.
For example : salt in water, sugar in water
Heterogeneous mixture : a mixture having non-uniform composition throughout the mixture
For example : oil and water
2. Mixture of two miscible liquids having a difference in their boiling points more than 25 ֯ C can be
separated by the method of distilation.

In thes method, the mixture of kerosene and petrol is taken in a distilation flask with
thermometer fitted in it. We also need a beaker, a water condeser, and a bunsen burner. The
apparatus is arranged as shown in the above figure. Then, the mixture is heated slowly. Teh
thermometer should be wathced simultaneously. Kerosene will vaporize and condese in the
water condensor. The condensed kerosene is collected from the condenser outlet, whereas
petrol is left behind in the distilation flask
3. 5.3 + 6 → 2.2 + 8.2 + 0.9
11.3 → 11.3
Total mass before reaction = total mass after reaction
4. Ratio = Hidrogen : Oxygen = 1 : 8
If the mass of hydrogen is 3, the mass of oxygen is 8 x 3 = 24 g
5. Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
6. Number neutrons = atomic mass – number of protons = 4 – 2 = 2
7.

8. Carbon = 6
First orbital (k-shell) = 2 electrons
Second orbital (l-shell) = 4 electron
Sodium = 11
First orbital (k-shell) = 2 electrons
Second orbital (l-shell) = 8 electrons
Third orbital (m-shell) = 1 electron
9. The atomic number of sodium is 11 (neutral) an electronic configuration is 2, 8, 1
But this problem sodium is Na+ has 10 electrons. Out of10, K-shells contain 2 and L-shells contain
8 electrons respectively. Thus, Na+ has completely filled K and L shells
10.12C6 and 14C6 are isotopes, have the same electronic configuration as (2,4)
22
Ne10 and 22Ne11 are isobars. They have different electronic configuration as given below :
22
Ne10 (2, 8)
22
Ne11 (2, 8, 1)

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