Drug Class and Mechanism of Cell Cycle Common Side
Examples Action Specificity Effects Alkylating Agents Alter DNA structure Cell cycle- Bone marrow >Busulfan, by misreading DNA nonspecific suppression, carboplatin, code, initiating vomiting, cystitis chlorambucil, breaks in the DNA (cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, molecule, cross- ifosfamide), cyclophosphamide, linking DNA strands stomatitis, alopecia, dacarbazine, gonadal hexamethul, suppression, renal melamine, toxicity (cisplatin) ifosfamide, melphalan, nitrogen mustard, oxaliplatin, thiotepa Nitrosureas Similar to alkylating Cell cycle- Delayed and >Carmustine agents; cross the nonspecific cumulative (BCNU), lomustine blood-brain barrier myelosuppression, (CCNU), semustine especially (methylCCNU), thrombocytopenia; streptozocin nausea, vomiting Topoisomerase I Induce breaks in Cell cycle-specific Bone marrow Inhibitors the DNA strand by (S Phase) suppression, >Irinotecan, binding to diarrhea, nausea, topotecan topoisomerase I, vomiting, preventing cells hepatotoxicity from dividing
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Antimetabolites Interfere with the Cell cycle-specific Nausea, vomiting, >5-Azacytadine, biosynthesis of (S phase) diarrhea, bone capecitabine metabolites or marrow (Xeloda), nucleic acids suppression, cytarabine, necessary for RNA proctitis, stomatitis, edatrexate and DNA synthesis renal toxicity fludarabine, 5- (methotrexate), flourouracil (5-FU), hepatotoxicity FUDR, gemcitabine, hydroxyurea, leustatin, 6- mercaptopurine, methotrexate, pentostatin, 6- thioguanine Antitumor Interfere with DNA Cell cycle- Bone marrow Antibiotics synthesis by nonspecific suppression, >Bleomycin, binding DNA; nausea, vomiting, dactinomycin, prevent RNA alopecia, anorexia, daunorubicin, synthesis cardiac toxicity doxorubicin (daunorubicin, (Adriamycin), doxorubicin) idarubicin, mitomycin, mitoxantrone, plicamycin Mitotic Spindle Poisons >Plant alkaloids: Arrest metaphase Cell cycle-specific Bone marrow etoposide, by inhibiting tubular (M Phase) suppression (mild teniposide, formation; inhibit with VCR) vinblastine, DNA and protein neuropathies vincristine (VCR), synthesis (VCR), stomatitis vindesine, vinorelbine >Taxanes: Arrest metaphase Cell cycle-specific Bradycardia, paclitaxel, docetaxel by inhibiting tubulin (M Phase) hypersensitivity depolymerization reactions, bone marrow suppression, alopecia, neuropathies
Pharmacology lecture notes by najarrieta
Hormonal Agents Bind to hormone Cell cycle- Hypercalcemia, >Androgens and receptor sites that nonspecific jaundice, increased antiandrogens, alter cellular appetite, estrogens and growth; block masculinization, antiestrogens, binding of feminization, progestins and estrogens to sodium and fluid antiprogestins, receptor sites retention, nausea, aromatase (antiestrogens); vomiting, hot inhibitors, luteinizing inhibit RNA flashes, vaginal hormone-releasing synthesis; suppress dryness hormone analogues, aromatase of P450 steroids system, which decrease estrogen level Miscellaneous Unknown or too Varies Anorexia, nausea, Agents complex to vomiting, bone >Asparaginase categorize marrow suppression, hepatotoxicity, anaphylaxis, hypotension, altered glucose metabolism