XV

2018
ENGLISH FOR MEDICINE

Carlo B. Eddy
Cocarico C. Letzi
Huayta C. Paul
Ichuta P. Roger
Mamani M. Yrene

First Edition – El Alto Bolivia

26-9-2018
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UNIT 4: SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

READING

AN APPOINTMENT WITH THE DOCTOR

READ AND CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER

PATIENT: Good morning Doctor Smith.
DOCTOR: Good morning Nelson. How can I help
you?
PATIENT: Well, I’ve been feeling dizzy and weak and
right now I have a headache.
DOCTOR: Do you eat a lot of candy?
PATIENT: Yes, I love it!
DOCTOR: You should eat less sugar. Do you have any
other symptoms?
PATIENT: Actually, I wanted to tell that I feel sleepy
all the time.
DOCTOR: I’m going to take your pulse.
PATIENT: Perfect.
DOCTOR: Your pulse is fine.
DOCTOR: Are you allergic to any medications?
PATIENT:
1. TheNo, I’m not. went to the
patient
DOCTOR: So, meanwhile
doctor I’m going to prescribe you
because…
some
a)painkillers.
He has Take 1 tablet for
dizziness, 3 days. You also
weakness,
need to have a blood test and rest for some days.
and a headache
PATIENT:
b) He I promise
has aI stomachache
will. and a
DOCTOR: Come back with the results and I’ll give
backache
you c) He hasand
a diagnosis a acough, and a runny
treatment.
PATIENT:nose
Thank you doctor. Have a good day

2. What does the patient love?

a) Sweets c) Salty food
b) Spicy food
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c) An injection

3. What was the prescription?

a) A painkiller for three days
b) An antibiotic for one week 5. The doctor recommends…
c) An aspirin for four days a) Drink more water and
exercise
b) Eat less candy and take a
4. The patient needs a… rest
a) A blood test c) Work less and eat more
b) A surgery
vegetables

WHAT IS THE FLU?

WRITING

The "flu" is the common name of the

medical term "influenza". It is a virus
that infects the respiratory system.

Generally, when you are sick because

of a virus, your body builds a defense
system made antibodies against it.
This means that you will not be
infected again with that particular
virus strain again. Unfortunately, flu
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ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ………………………………………….

……………………………………………………
1. - What system infects the flu?
…………
……………………………………………………
4. - How many years do the flu change?
……………………………………………………
………………………………………….
2. - What does the body produce when we
……………………………………………………
are sick?
………….
……………………………………………………
5. - What are epidemics?
……………………………………………………
.........................................................................
3. - Why are not we protected against the flu?
.........................................................................
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LISTENING

A CHECKUP WITH THE DOCTOR

LISTEN AND COMPLETE THE EMPTY SPACES

DOCTOR Good morning Mrs. Martinez. How are you __________today?

Mrs. Good morning, doctor. I feel ___________. My whole body aches.

MARTINEZ
DOCTOR Do you feel ____________and weak?

Mrs. Yes, all the time. I can’t __________sleep at night.

MARTINEZ
DOCTOR Where exactly do you feel_________?

SPEAKING
Mrs. My legs, my arms, my waist, my head and even my _____________.
MARTINEZ
DOCTOR Let’s see…. Open your mouth and ___________out your tongue, please?

Mrs. What do I have, doctor? Nothing ___________, right?

MARTINEZ
DOCTOR It looks like you are starting a cold. I’m going to prescribe you something. You’ll
___________tomorrow.

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LET'S REMEMBER A LITTLE

IN PAIRS TALK ABOUT

THE SYMPTOMS, YOU
HAVE WHEN YOU GET SICK.

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VOCABULARY:

SEARCH THE MEANING OF THE NEXT WORDS

Cure Sore throat

Wound disease
Treatment Headache
Cut
Diagnose Stomachache
Bruise
X-ray Chickenpox
Scratch
Runny nose Chickenpox
Inflammation
Illnesses Sneeze
Pain / ache
Earache Injury
Soreness
Coughing Heal
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UNIT 5: DENTAL HEALTH

READING

GOING TO THE DENTIST

James is at the dentist's office today because he

has a toothache on the right side of his mouth.
He bought some medicine at the drug store, but
the pain didn't stop. His last dental check-up
was six years ago. James is afraid of dentists.
An x-ray technician took x-rays of his teeth. He
has three cavities. The dentist is drilling two of
the cavities, but he will have to pull out the tooth
that has the third cavity. That cavity is so large
that it can't be filled. That is also the tooth that is
causing the pain. Every time the dentist starts
the drill, James clinches with fear. The dentist
told him to relax, but he can't. What can he do? La caries dental es un proceso
infeccioso que avanza de manera
How can he relax? gradual desde la superficie del
esmalte de los dientes hacia el
interior de los mismos. Esta enfer-
medad, si se atiende cuando está
en su etapa inicial, puede no
avanzar.

COMPLETE WITH A T IF IT IS TRUE OR WITH AN F IF IT

IS FALSE

1. _______ James is afraid of dentists.

2. _______ A large cavity on the right side of his mouth is

causing a toothache. VOCABULARY

3. _______ The x-ray shows that James has three cavities. Toothache: Dolor de Muelas
Pain: Dolor
4. _______ The medicine James bought at the drug store
stopped the pain. Check-up: Chequeo
Cavities: Caries
5. _______ James feels stress when he hears the sound of
the drill. Drill: Perforar
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WRITING

TOOTHACHE

READ THE CONVERSATION

DENTIST: Hello! Armando! I had not seen you for several

months. How are you?
PATIENT: Very bad. Two days ago I had a terrible
toothache.
DENTIST: to see. Open your mouth wide, I think I see
cavities, and it's not small!
PATIENT: What I was afraid of. Do you think you can heal it
instead of taking it out?
DENTIST: It's easy, but I'll have to clean the decay with the
drill.
PATIENT: I hate that word! Give me an injection of lidocaine
to anesthetize my mouth.
DENTIST: The caries is quite deep; the enamel of the wheel Read the conversation again and
has already passed.
PATIENT: Does that mean you will have to wear a crown?
answer the following questions
DENTIST: Definitely. Do not you think it's better to heal the
tooth than to get it out?
PATIENT: Yes, but it will be worse for my pocket, that I have
1. What happened to the patient?
to pay the bill. ………………………………………………………………
DENTIST: Do not complain! Think that an implant would cost 2. What will the dentist use to do the cleaning?
………………………………………………………………
more 3. What does the patient request before the ontological
PATIENT: No, thanks. I kept the golden crown.
procedure?
......................................................................................
4. How many days is the patient with toothache?
………………………………………………………………

According to the reading, it names the materials and supplies that a dentist
needs

a) It is an object to eliminate cavities …………………………………

b) Material that is used as an anesthetic …………………………………
c) It is used to cover a destroyed tooth …………………………………
d) It is a material that replaces the lost piece …………………………………

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LISTENING

AN APPOINTMENT WITH THE DENTIST

LISTEN AND COMPLETE THE EMPTY SPACES

ANA Good morning. I’d like a ____________, please.

DENTIST Of course. Please __________ the chair. When did you last visit the dentist?
ANA About a year ago.
DENTIST Have you had _______ problems?
ANA I’ve got a terrible ___________.
DENTIST Where __________ is the pain?
ANA In this area.
DENTIST How long have you had the ________?
ANA It’s been several days.
DENTIST Alright. Let’s see. Can you open your___________, please? A little wider. Okay,
I’m going to give you an X-ray.
ANA Alright
DENTIST You have an _________ here. I’m going to have to take this tooth out.
ANA Is it going to ________?
DENTIST No. don’t worry, I’ll use a local ____________.
ANA Do I have any ___________?
DENTIST Yes, you need two fillings.
ANA What should I do to prevent _________cavities?
DENTIST You should brush and ___________ your teeth after every meal.

Use your English dictionaries and define each to the following items in your
own words

 To anesthetize …………………………………………………………………

 To bleach …………………………………………………………………

 To bleed …………………………………………………………………

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 To chew …………………………………………………………………

 To rinse …………………………………………………………………

 To sterilize …………………………………………………………………

 To take out
…………………………………………………………………

KEY WORDS  Periodontal

ligament
PARTS OF THE MOUTH  Cement
 Root
Gum
Soft palate canal
Amygdala
Language
Lip
Hard palate
Uvula
Teeth

WITH AN ARROW SELECT THE

CORRECT CONCEPT OF EACH
DISEASE
It is caused by a bacterial infection Causes painful blisters on the lips
DENTAL CARIES and on the labial commissures.
in the root of the tooth. The bacteria
and pus grow below the tooth The blisters are contagious and
causing an abscess that forms in BRUXISM can spread easily from one person
It is the disease of the gums to another. As well they can spread
the gum.
caused by bacteria. This causes It is a developing disorder of tooth
to the genitals.
the lossAMELOGENESIS
of gum tissues, destruction enamel, can lead to discoloration
of the boneIMPERFECTA
surrounding the tooth, of the tooth, abnormal anatomy,
It is an infection caused by yeast
moving teeth and eventually the and enamel weakening and easy
inside the mouth. White patches
loss of teeth. fracture.
It is a bacterial infection of the
can be easily removed revealing a PERIODONTITIS
It refers to teeth tonsils that cause their redness
redgrinding.
area. It usually Itand
is the inflammation
occurs at night when the patient swelling, you canofseethewhite
gums.
HERPE SIMPLE The gums appear
patches. red, inflamed
sleeps. May cause
It is a painful ulcer mandibular
inside the
PARTS OF pain.
THE DIET VIRUS and bleed easily when brushed.
mouth, usually located on the
It isThis condition can lead to
inside of the cheek (cheek). caused by bacteria. Bacteria
periodontitis.
release acids that demineralize
 Enamel DENTAL ABSCESS
tooth enamel causing cavities.
 Dentine
 Pulp with blood vessels and nerves
THROAT INFECTION
 Gum
 Bone