Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Before we start
What is your opinion regarding . . . .
Need for Reservation
Percentage Reserved
Various Methods of Reservation
Various Procedures of Reservations
Policies related to Reservations
Court Judgements regarding Quotas
Quotas in Other Countries
Spectrum of Opinions
A. I want reservations, I know the need for
reservations (increases my chances), I know the
problems in implementation
B. I want reservations, I know the need for
reservations (increases my chances) , but I don’t
know the problems in implementation
C. I want reservations, but I don’t know the need
for reservations
D. I don’t want reservations because it affects
merit
E. I don’t want reservations because it reduces my
chance
Awareness !! This presentation is
for you !!
I want reservations, I know the need for
reservations (increases my chances), I
know the problems in implementation
I want reservations, I know the need for
reservations (increases my chances) , but I
don’t know the problems in
implementation
I want reservations, but I don’t know the
need for reservations
I don’t want reservations because it affects merit
I don’t want reservations because it reduces my
chance
Ignorance / Tuned by Media !! Let
us learn the need for Reservations
I want reservations, I know the need for
reservations (increases my chances), I know the
problems in implementation
I want reservations, I know the need for
reservations (increases my chances) , but I don’t
know the problems in implementation
I want reservations, but I don’t know the need for
reservations
I don’t want reservations because it affects
merit
I don’t want reservations because it reduces my
chance
Awareness !! Your opinion is respected,
but we don’t agree with you !!
I want reservations, I know the need for
reservations (increases my chances), I know
the problems in implementation
I want reservations, I know the need for
reservations (increases my chances) , but I
don’t know the problems in implementation
I want reservations, but I don’t know the
need for reservations
I don’t want reservations because it affects
merit
I don’t want reservations because it
reduces my chance
If You..
.. want reservations, know the need
for reservations (increases your
chances), know the problems in
implementation
.. want reservations, know the need
for reservations (increases your
chances) , but you don’t know the
problems in implementation
.. want reservations, but don’t know
the need for reservations
We will discuss the following
How to Ensure Social Justice
Problems in Implementing Reservations
Need for Social Justice Watch
What can we do
How can we do
A request Please
Mobiles in Silent Mode
About this Discussion
Doubts to be asked then and there, by
interrupting the speaker
◦ If the doubt is not clarified in subsequent
slides, it will be answered at the end
A Copy of the presentation will be mailed
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Mathematics & Manipulations in
Reservations & Quotas
Discussion Points
How to Ensure Social Justice
Problems in Implementing Reservations -
Mathematics & Manipulations in
Reservations & Quotas
Need for Social Justice Watch
What can we do
How can we do
How to ensure Social Justice
Make sure that Reservations are
implemented in a proper manner
◦ Correct Policy
◦ Correct Implementation
Take Actions, if
◦ Incorrect Policies
(ie) Rules are wrong
◦ Incorrect Implementation
(ie) Rules are not followed correctly
Correct Policies
Policies are made at the level of
Government (or by courts)
Make sure that all departments,
universities, admission committees,
selection committees, public service
commissions are asked to follow correct
policies
Correct Implementation
Make sure Reservations are implemented
properly
Ensure : Correct Percentage
Ensure : Correct Mode / Method
Ensure : Correct Procedure
How reservation is circumvented
By incorrect Policies
By Incorrect Implementation
Policy Decisions - Intentional
By All India Tests
◦ These do not have the OBC Reservation
If CET / NEET Comes, there will be no
reservation for BC and MBC
Creamy Layer ?
Implementation Problems
Incorrect Percentage
Incorrect Mode / Method
Incorrect Procedure
Implementation Problems
Intentional
Accidental - Clerical Errors
Intentional Problems
The problem is created intentionally by
the persons implementing reservations
Those who do it know what they do
Cannot be solved by Representation
Need Legal or Political Remedies
Accidental Problems
Out of Ignorance
Out of Laziness
Out of Stupidity
Those who commit these errors don’t know
that they are doing a mistake
Can be solved by Representation
Only in rare cases (when those who are
responsible are very ignorant, very stupid or
very lazy) do we need Need Legal or
Political Remedies
So you have 6 combinations
Intentional Incorrect Percentage
Accidental Incorrect Percentage
Intentional Incorrect Method / Mode
Accidental Incorrect Method / Mode
Intentional Incorrect Procedure
Accidental Incorrect Procedure
So you have 6 combinations
Intentional Incorrect Percentage
Accidental Incorrect Percentage - Rare
Intentional Incorrect Method
Accidental Incorrect Method
Intentional Incorrect Procedure
Accidental Incorrect Procedure
So you have 6 combinations
Intentional Incorrect Percentage – rare in
Tamil Nadu, but seen in Central
government and other states
Accidental Incorrect Percentage – Very Rare
Intentional Incorrect Method / Mode– Rare
Accidental Incorrect Method / Mode – very
common
Intentional Incorrect Procedure – common
Accidental Incorrect Procedure – most
common
Correct Percentage
Tamil Nadu – 69 %
Central Government – 49.5 %
Incorrect Percentage
Do you think that this is rare ??
Let us see AIPG Prospectus
Intentional Incorrect Percentage
Instead of Reserving 49.5 % for BC + SC
+ ST, this order has reserved 50.5 % for
OC !!
Do you think both are same
This Bus is reserved for Ladies
This Bus is reserved for Ladies
Only Woman can get in
Males are not allowed in Buses “reserved”
for women
This Bus is NOT Reserved
This Bus is NOT Reserved
Men can get in
Women can also get in
So . .
Women
◦ Can get into Reserved Bus
◦ Can get into any Bus
Men
◦ Can get into any Bus
◦ Cannot get into Reserved Bus
This coach is reserved
This coach is NOT Reserved
Concept of Reservation
A lady can get in any coach in a train, but
a male cannot get into ladies coach
A physically handicapped person can sit in
any seat in a bus, but a normal person
cannot occupy the seat of the physically
handicapped person
Every Seat is reserved means !
On the other hand, if you are going to say
that just because a bus has been
reserved for ladies, a lady cannot board
any other bus, that means
You are in fact reserving all the other buses
for men
This is NOT 1 bus being reserved for
females
This is effectively all but one buses
being reserved for males
Every seat is reserved !
On the other hand, if you are going to say
that just because a coach has been
reserved for DA, they cannot board a
general compartment, that means
You are in fact reserving all the other
compartments for men
This is NOT 1 compartment being reserved
for Differently Abled
This is effectively 10 compartments
being reserved away from them
Counselling Not by Overall Rank
In AIPG
There is 50.5 % of seats reserved for OC
In addition to it, if there are vacant seats
in other criteria, they can still come !!!
This is an example of INTENTIONAL
INCORRECT PERCENTAGE
Not only that, there is another “fraud”
too – Seats are reserved only in the
central institutes (27 out of 100 seats)
and not 27 % of All seats (540 out of 2000
seats)
Incorrect Percentage
The problem is created intentionally by
the persons implementing reservations
Those who do it know what they do
Cannot be solved by Representation
Need Legal or Political Remedies
Why No One Fights
Lack of Awareness – Less than 5 % know
that they are being cheated
Of this 5 % , 3 percent may get selected in
TNPG and may not mind this, once he
gets selected
The remaining do not have the money or
time to file a case in supreme court
What is the remedy
Social Justice Watch has to fight this
legally and Politically
This is a need for Social Justice
Watch
As of Now, there is a vacuum in this
regard
Correct Method
What are the various Method of
Reservation
Who decides the method for a particular
exam
Advantages and disadvantages of each
Various Methods
Percentage Method
Rotation Roster Method
100 point Roster Method
Who decides
Decided by the Director or Additional
Director Level Officers (technocrats)
Usually Government or Secretariat does
not involve in the decision (bureaucrats)
Almost always outside the purview of
politicians (elected representatives)
Even if the Chief Minister, Education
Minister, Education Secretary want to
implement 69 %, a foolish , stupid,
ignorant or lazy clerical staff at the
directorate level can upset the selection
by his foolishness, stupidity, ignorance or
laziness
Percentage Method
Simple Method
Easy to follow
Difficult to cheat ☺
No need for complex Tables
Errors are Common
Percentage Method
Take the Number of seats
Allot seats to each category and also
open category as per the reservation
Percentage Method in Central Govt
Total Seats 1000
Open Competition – 505 ie 50.5 %
OBC – 270 ie 27 %
SC – 150 ie 15 %
ST – 75 ie 7.5 %
Percentage Method in TN for 1000
Seats
Total Seats : 1000
Open Competition : 310 ie 31 %
BC : 265 ie 26.5 %
BCM : 35 ie 3.5 %
MBC : 200 ie 20 %
SC 150 ie 15 %
SCA 30 ie 3 %
ST 10 ie 1 %
Percentage Method - Problems
Percentage method is not suited when
there are small number of seats
Eg Take MBBS Admissions 2012-13
See the Number of vacancies – 1762 as
given in
http://www.tn.gov.in/results/dme/UG_201
2_2013/MBBS_BDS/vacancy_MBBS_0507
12.pdf
Percentage Method in TN for 1762 seats
as per Policy
Percentage as Seats as per
per Policy Policy
Total 100 1762
OC 31 546
BC 26.5 467
BCM 3.5 62
MBC 20 352
SC 15 264
SCA 3 53
ST 1 18
Percentage Method
Total 1762
as given in
http://www.tn.gov.in/r
OC 546
esults/dme/UG_2012
BC 463
_2013/MBBS_BDS/vac
BCM 64
ancy_MBBS_050712.p
MBC 352
df
SC 268
SCA 51
ST 18
Percentage Method
Seats as
Allotted by
Percentage as Seats as per Selection
per Policy Policy Committee Difference
Total 100 1762 1762 0
OC 31 546 546 0
BC 26.5 467 463 -4
BCM 3.5 62 64 2
MBC 20 352 352 0
SC 15 264 268 4
SCA 3 53 51 -2
ST 1 18 18 0
Percentage Method : Problems
4 Seats Less Allotted for BC
4 Seats More Allotted for SC
2 Seats Less Allotted for SCA
2 Seats More Allotted for BCM
More Problems ??
Read:
1. 1. G.O.Ms.No.85, Personnel and Administrative Reforms(R)
Department, dated 6.5.2000.
2. 2. G.O.Ms.No.105, Personnel and Administrative
Reforms(S)Department, dated 20.6.2000.
3. 3. Tamil Nadu Ordinance No. 412007.
4. 4. From the Secretary, Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission
Letter No.442URND-D2107, dated 18.10.2007.
1. General Turn 11. General Turn
2. Scheduled Castes 12. Scheduled Castes
3. Most Backward Classes and 13. Most Backward Classes and
De~otifiedC ommunities Denotified Communities
4. Backward Classes (Other than 14. Backward Class Christians
Backward Class Christians and 15. General Turn
Backward Class Muslims)
16. Scheduled Castes
5. General Turn
17. Most Backward Classes and
6. Scheduled Castes Denotified Communities
7. Most Backward Classes and 18. Backward Classes (Other than
Denotified Communities Backward.Class Christians and
8. Backward Classes (Other than Backward Class Muslims)
Backward Class Christians and 19. General Turn
Backward Class Muslims)
20. Backward Classes (Other than
9. General Turn Backward Class Christians and
10. Backward Classes (Other than Backward Class Muslims)
Backward Class Christians and
Backward Class Muslims)
21. General Turn 32. Scheduled Castes
22. Scheduled Castes 33. Most Backward Classes and
23. Most Backward Classes and Denotified Communities
Denotified Communities 34. Backward Classes (Other than
24. Backward Classes (Other than Backward Class Christians and
Backward Class Christians and Backward Class Muslims)
Backward Class Muslims) 35. General Turn
25. General Turn 36. Scheduled Castes
26. Scheduled Castes 37. Most Backward Classes and
27. Most Backward Classes and Denotified Communities
Denotified Communities 38. Backward Classes (Other than
28. Backward Class Muslims Backward Class Christians and
Backward Class Muslims)
29. General Turn
39. General Turn
30. Backward Classes (Other than
Backward Class Christians and 40. Backward Class Christians
Backward Class Muslims)
31. General Turn
41. General Turn 51. General Turn
42. Scheduled Castes 52. Scheduled Castes
43. Most Backward Classes and 53. Most Backwarti Classes and
Denotified Communities Denotified Communities
44. Backward Classes (Other than 54. Backward Class Muslims
Backward Class Christians and 55. General Turn
Backward Class Muslims)
56. Scheduled Castes
45. General Turn
57. Most Backward Classes and
46. Most Backward Classes and Denotified Communities
Denotified Communities
58. Backward Classes (Other than
47. Backward Classes (Other than Backward Class Christians and
Backward Class Christians and Backward Class ,Muslims)
Backward Class Muslims)
59. General Turn
48. General Turn
60. Backward Classes (Other than
49. Backward Classes (Other than Backward Class Christians and
Backward Class Christians and Backward Class Muslims)
Backward Class Muslims)
50. Scheduled Tribes
61. General Turn 71. General Turn
62. Scheduled Castes 72. Scheduled Castes
63. Most Backward Classes and 73. Most Backward Classes and
Denotified Communities Denotified Communities
64. Backward Classes (Other than 74. Backward Classes (Other than
Backward Class Christians and Backward Class Christians and
Backward Class Muslims) Backward Class Muslims)
65. General Turn . 75. General Turn
66. Scheduled Castes 76. Scheduled Castes
67. Most Backward Classes and 77. Most Backward Classes and
Denotified Communities .- Denotified Communities
68. Backward Class Christians 78. Backward Classes (Other than
69. General Turn Backward Class Christians and
Backward Class Muslims)
70. Backward Classes (Other than
Backward Class Christians and 79. General Turn
Backward Class Muslims) 80. Backward Class Muslims
81. General Turn Backward Class Muslims) Backward Class Muslims) 131. General Turn
82. Scheduled Castes 98. General Turn 1 15. General Turn 132. Scheduled Castes
83. Most Backward Classes and 99. Backward Classes (Other than 116. Scheduled Castes 133. Most Backward Classes and
Denotif~ed Communities Backward Class Christians and Denotified Communities
Backward Class Muslims) 117. Most Backward Classes and
84. Backward Classes (Other than Denotified Communities 134. Backward Class Muslims
Backward Class Christians and 100. General Turn.
Backward Class Muslims) 118. Backward Classes (Other than 135. General Turn
101. Most Backward Classes and Backward Class Christians and
85. General Turn Denotified Communities Backward Class Muslims) 136. Scheduled Castes
86. Scheduled Castes 102. Scheduled Castes 119. General Turn 137. Most Backward Classes and
Denotified Communities
87. Most Backward Classes and 103. General Turn 120. Backward Class Christians
Denotified Communities 138. Backward Classes (Other than
104. Backward Classes (Other than 121. General Turn Backward Class Christians and
88. Backward Classes (Other than Backward Class Christians and Backward Class Muslims)
Backward Class Christians and Backward Class Muslims) 122. Scheduled Castes
Backward Class Muslims) 139. General Turn
105. General Turn 123. Most Backward Classes and
89. General Turn Denotified Communities 140. Backward Classes (Other than
106. Scheduled Castes Backward Class Christians and
90. Backward Classes (Other than 124. Backward Classes (Other than Backward Class Muslims)
Backward Class Christians and 107. Most Backward Classes and Backward Class Christians and
Backward Class Muslims) Denotified Communities Backward Class Muslims)
91. General Turn 108. Backward Class Muslims 125. General Turn
93. Most Backward Classes and 110. Backward Classes (Other than 127. Most Backward Classes and
Denotified Communities Backward Class Christians and Denotified Communities
Backward Class Muslims)
94. Backward Class Christians 128. Backward Classes (Other than
1 1 1. General Turn Backward Class Christians and
95. General Turn Backward Class Muslims)
112. Scheduled Castes
96. Most Backward Classes and 129. General Turn
Denotified Communities 113. Most Backward Classes and
Denotified Communities 130. Backward Classes (Other than
97. Backward Classes (Other than Backward Class Christians and
Backward Class Christians and 114. Backward Classes (Other than Backward Class Muslims)
Backward Class Christians and
141. General Turn Backward Class Christians and 176. Scheduled Castes 193. Most Backward Classes and
Backward Class Muslims) Denotified Communities
142. Scheduled Castes 177. Most Backward Classes and
159. General Turn Denotified Communities 194. Backward Classes (Other than
143. Most Backward Classes and Backward Class Christians and
Denotified Communities 160. Backward Class Muslims 178. Backward Classes (Other than Backward Class Muslims)
Backward Class Christians and
144. Backward Classes (Other than 161. General Turn Backward Class Muslims) 195. General Turn
Backward Class Christians and
Backward Class Muslims) 162. Scheduled Castes 179. General Turn 196. Most Backward Classes and
163. Most Backward Classes and Denotified Communities
145. General Turn 180. Backward Classes (Other than
Denotified Communities Backward Class Christians and 197. Backward Classes (Other than
146. Most Backward Classes and Backward Class Muslims) Backward Class Christians and
Denotified Communities 164. Backward Classes (Other than
Backward Class Christians and Backward Class Muslims)
181. General Turn
147. Backward Class Christians Backward Class Muslims) 198. General Turn
182. Scheduled Castes
148. General Turn 165. General Turn 199. Backward Classes (Other than
183. Most Backward Classes and Backward Class Christians and
149. Backward Classes (Other than 166. Scheduled Castes Denotified Communities
Backward Class Christians and Backward Class Muslims)
Backward Class Muslims) 167. Most Backward Classes and 184. Backward Classes (Other than
Denotified Communities 200. General Turn.
Backward Class Christians and
150. Scheduled Tribes Backward Class Muslims)
168. Backward Classes (Other than
1.51. General Turn Backward Class Christians and 185. General Turn
Backward Class Muslims)
152. Scheduled Castes 186. Scheduled Castes
169. General Turn
153. Most Backward Classes and 187. Most Backward Classes and
Denotified Commun~ties 170. Backward Classes (Other than Denotified Communities
Backward Class Christians and
154. Backward Classes (Other than Backward Class Muslims) 188. Backward Class Muslims
Backward.Class Christians and
Backward Class Muslims) 17 1 . General Turn 189. General Turn
155. General Turn 172. Scheduled Castes 190. Backward Classes (Other than
Backward ClassChristians and
156. Scheduled Castes 173. Most Backward Classes and Backward Class Muslims)
Denotified Communities
157. Most Backward Classes and 191. General Turn
Denotified Communities 174. Backward Class Christians
192. Scheduled Castes
158. Backward Classes (Other than 175. General Turn
26th Rotation 6th Turn
Next Recruitment
Will start with 7th turn of 26th Rotation
100 point Roster Method
100 point Roster Method
Advantages
Seats are not “locked”
SC Rank 18 candidate can select his seat
before General Rank 32, but not before
General Rank 30
Equality is maintained at all times
In 100 Point Roster
This equates General Rank 155 with SC
Rank 30 with ST Rank 15 (in Central
Govt)
Or General Rank 31 with SC Rank 18
with MBC Rank 20 (in TN)
Other Advantages
Effective Reservation in Promotions
Incorrect Procedure
MBBS Allotment
Clerical Error !
The Clerk who prepared the prospectus
in 2009 just copied what it was in 2008
The Clerk who prepared the prospectus
in 2010 just copied what it was in 2009
The Clerk who prepared the prospectus
in 2011 just copied what it was in 2010
The Clerk who prepared the prospectus
in 2012 just copied what it was in 2011
Why Errors Continue ?
Does the Muslim candidate who applies
2012 knows that there were 3.5 seats
marked for his community by the
government, but he did not get it because
of a clerical error ? – No
Does the Arundhathiar candidate who
applies in 2012 knows that there were 3
seats marked for his community by the
government, but he did not get it because
of a clerical error ? – No
Why he does not know ?
Because he did not follow the admission
prospectus from 2008
Why he did not follow ?
In 2012,You don’t know what course you
are going to apply in 2017
How will you follow
What is the remedy
Social Justice Watch has to follow these
allotments
At present no one follows this
There exists an vacuum in this area, which
Social Justice Watch should fill
Incorrect Procedure
By following roster, but calling for 6 seats
or 13 seats per batch – in central
government institutions
Case Studies
UPSC
AIPG
BE / B Tech in TN
MBBS in TN
MD / MS in TN
TNPSC
UPSC – Civil Services
Correct Percentage
Wrong Method – Because the seats are
of various grades (IAS, IPS, IFS, IRS etc)
and grades (Home Cadre, Other Cadre
etc), 100 point Roster has to be followed.
But they follow percentage Method
Wrong Procedure
AIPG
Wrong Percentage
◦ OBC Reservation is not followed
◦ 50.5 % Seats are reserved for Forward
Community
Correct Method
Correct Procedure
BE / B Tech Admissions in TN
Correct Percentage
Percentage Method – Though not correct,
acceptable
Correct Procedure (automated)
MBBS Admissions in Tamil Nadu
Correct Percentage
Percentage Method – Though not correct,
acceptable
Incorrect Procedure
◦ Manual
◦ Clerical Errors which are not corrected
MD / MS Admission in Tamil Nadu
Correct Percentage
Wrong Method
◦ Follows a new method which is totally against
Government Rules
◦ It is neither percentage, nor rotation roster
Wrong Procedure
◦
TNPSC
Correct Percentage
Correct Method / Mode
Correct Procedure