SCHEME OF WORK: BIOLOGY UPPER SIX 2011

SMK RAJA PEREMPUAN,IPOH

Wee Content Scientific skill Objective Activity G M W Moral Note

k values
1 7. Gaseous - identify parts of the - to explain the process and -explaining / / / Aware of
exchange body involved in structures involved theory the many
7.1 Animal: gaseous exchange - to explain the function of Hb different
gaseous in O2 and CO2 transport -processing types of
exchange in - to explain oxygen dissociation information breathin
mammals curves and their implications -topical g organs
exercises in
organism
s
7.2 - to explain the involuntary / / /
Breathing - to measure the mechanism of breathing control
cycle various volumes in a - to measure tidal volume, vital -theory
breathing cycle using capacity and other volumes in a explanation
a respirometer breathing cycle -processing
information
2 -group activity / / /
7.3 Plants: - to explain structure and -topical exercise
Stomata - use of microscope to function of stoma
prepare, observe, - to explain the starch-sugar - examine slide
identify, draw and hypothesis and K+ ions on stoma
label guard cells and accumulation hypothesis
stoma
3 / / /
8. Transport:
Animals - to explain structure and To value
8.1 Cardiac - to define terms function of heart -practical our heart
cycle - to explain concepts - to explain the changes in dissection of rat and the
- to give examples pressure and volume during -theory vital
- identify structure systole and diastole explanation / / / function
8.2 Control and relate to its it
of heart beat function - to give detailed description of performs
- identify the heart beat -theory to
structures involved - to explain role of sinoatrial explanation sustain
and atrioventricular nodes - examine slide / / / life.
8.3 - to explain effect of on heart muscle
Cardiovascul sympathetic and

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 ar disease parasympathetic nerves
4
5 - to explain meaning , causes -theory
and prevention of hypertension, explanation
8.4 Plants: arterioschlerosis and -group
xylem and CUTI THN BARU myocardial infarction discussion
ascent of sap CINA
8.5 Phloem - to explain structure and
and function of xylem and phloem / / /
translocation for transport and translocation -theory
in plants explanation
( ½ PERCUBAAN -group
9. MUET) discussion
Homeostasis -examine slide
9.1 concept identify causes and - to define and explain the on xylem and To value
of prevention importance of homeostasis phloem our liver
homeostasis - to explain negative and and the
positive feedback mechanisms vital
6 - to explain temperature -theory function
- relate structure to regulation explanation it
function - to explain control of blood - examine slide performs
sugar level and diabetes on skin to
mellitus sustain
8/2- - calculation of pressure in life.
10/2 9.2 Liver movement of fluid between To value
- identify parts of the blood capillaries and tissues our
7 body involved and -theory kidneys
relate the structure to - to explain functions of liver, explanation and the
its physiological Cori cycle, ornithine cycle and - examine slide vital
function the production of urea on liver function
it
PRA USBF 1 performs
9.3 to
Osmoregulat / / / sustain
ion - relate structure to life.
Animal: function - to explain structure and
Kidneys - relate the function of nephron and related
Antidiuretic physiological function blood vessels
hormone to the structure - to explain role and action of -theory
Control of involved ADH explanation
blood Na+ - to explain mechanism of blood - examine slide

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 and pH Na+ and pH control on kidney / / /
9.4 Plants
Role of - relate the
stomata in physiological function -Refer to topic 4.3 (stomata)
the to the structure - to explain adaptation of
regulation of involved xerophytes, hydrophytes, -theory
water loss halophytes and mesophytes explanation
Adaptation with examples / / /
of plants to -theory
the explanation
environment
- relate structure to
8 10. Nervous function - to explain the organization of
system - to list types of nervous system in mammals
10.1 adaptation - to explain the formation of
Generation, resting and action potentials - examine slide To value
characteristi - to explain mechanism of on neuron our
c and impulse transmission along the nervous
transmission axon / / / system
of impulse and the
- relate structure to - to explain the structure of vital
10.2 function synspse and role of function
Synapses neurotransmitters -theory it
- to explain mechanism of explanation performs
impulse transmission across to
synapse sustain
life.
10.3 - to explain structure of
9 Neuromuscu sarcomere and neutomuscular -theory / / /
lar junctions junction explanation
- to explain sliding filament - examine slide
hypothesis on
10.4 - to explain mechanism of neuromuscular To value
Autonomous muscle contraction junction our
nervous / / / muscle
system in - to explain the organization of and the
mammals autonomic nervous system in -theory vital
mammal explanation function
- to explain structure, function it
with examples / / / performs
10.4 Drug - to compare sympathetic and to

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 abuse parasympathetic nervous sustain
system life.
- to explain action of drug on -theory
nervous system and explanation
11. neuromuscular junctions with
Hormone/ examples
10 chemical / / / Aware of
coordination - relate the - to explain mechanism of -theory the
11.1 physiological function hormone via gene activation explanation danger of
Humans: to the hormones with example drug
Hormonal involved - to explain mechanism of non- abuse
action steroid hormone via activation
of cycle AMP
11.2 Role of Aware of
hormones in -theory the
11 reproduction - to list the site of production explanation importan
and role of hormones in oestrus ce of
cycle hormone
11.3 Plants - to list the site of production to
12 hormones; and role of hormones during / / / organism
Auxin pregnancy -theory s
Gibberellin - relate the explanation
Cytokinin physiological function - to explain role of hormones in
Abscisic acid to the phytochrome plant growth and development
(ABA) involved - to explain interaction between
Ethene hormones in apical dominancy
11.4
Phytochrome
and the / / /
effect of ( USBF 1 : 6/3 – -theory
light on 8/3) - to define phytochrome explanation
flowering - to explain mechanism of
CUTI phytochrome action
PERTENGAHAN - to define photoperiodism / / /
PENGGAL 1 - to explain the role of
phytochrome in
photoperiodism and flowering
- to relate
immunological / / /
function to the body’s
12. Immune defence system

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 system
12.1
Antibody, -theory
antigen, cell - to define and describe the explanation
mediated terms used in immunity
response, - to explain the organization of
humoral lymphatic system and Marvel at
immune formation of lymphatic fluid the
13 response - to explain relationship / / / wonder
between lymphatic system and of the
12.2 immunity defence
Lymphatic system in
system -theory organism
explanation s
- to explain roles of
macrophages, T-cells and B-
12.3 cells
Development - to explain mechanism of cell
of immunity mediated response and -theory
12.4 humoral immune response explanation
Concept of
14 self and non-
self - to explain foreign tissue/graft / / /
rejection by the body
12.5 - to explain application of -theory
Acquired concept in medicine (organ explanation
immune transplant) / / /
deficiency - to analyze and
syndrome evaluate results of - to explain causes, causing
(AIDS) genetic crossing agent (HIV), symptoms and
experiments prevention of AIDS
- to explain mechanism of HIV
- to deduce from infection
genotypic and
phenotypic ration of
13. Genetics: genetic crosses / / /
Transmissio -theory
n explanation
genetics - to analyse Grateful
inheritance pattern to
13.1 from pedigree - to define terms used in -theory Almighty

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15 Mendelian diagram genetics: gene, allele, dominant explanation / / / God for
genetics: and recessive, homozygote, -problem solving the
Monohybrid heteroxygote, genotype, various
inheritance phenotype, Filial generation, gifts
test cross, back cross, / / / inherited
Dihybrid reciprocal cross and pure from
inheritance breeding -theory generatio
- explain Mendel’s experiment explanation n to
on monohybrid and dihybrid -problem solving generatio
13.2 inheritance n
Modification - to explain Mendel’s first and
of Mendelian second Law of inheritance
genetics - calculation of genotypic and -theory / / /
phenotypic ratios (Punnett explanation
Codominanc square method) -problem solving
e
Incomplete - to map the location
dominance of gene and gene - to explain and give example of -theory
Multiple distance crosses that result in ratios explanation
alleles differing from the classic -problem solving
Lethal genes Mendelian 3:1 and 9:3:3:1
Polygenes ratios
Linked / / /
genes - to identity agents of - to define linked genes and
Epistasis mutagen and their sex-linked genes
adverse effects - to explain effect of crossing
13.3 Genetic over on ratio of dihybrid
mapping crosses -theory
- to do pedigree analysis explanation
- to explain sex determination -problem solving
16 in human / / /
- to define and give examples -theory
14. Mutation only explanation
14.1 -problem solving
Classificatio - Aware
n - to do karyotype - to calculate distance between -theory to the
analysis two loci based on % crossing explanation danger of
14.2 Gene over various
mutation: - to determine the relative forms of
Substitution position of a gene on a mutagen
Insertion chromosome based on % -theory s

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 Deletion crossing over explanation
16/4 Inversion -problem solving
- 14.3 - to define spontaneous and
18/4 Chromosoma induced mutagen with
l mutation examples / / /
17 Change in - to identity agents of
chromosome mutagen and their
number: adverse effects - to define gene mutation Value the
Aneuploidy - to explain process and give -theory use of
example explanation modern
Eupliody / -problem solving genetic
polyploidy in
/ / / improvin
18 14.4 Change g the
in quality of
chromosome life and
structure: - to define and give example of -theory / / / beware
inversion abnormalities of autosome explanation of the
translocation number and of sex chromosome abuse
deletion, - to use mathematical number the DNA
duplication concept to calculate - to explain the cause by non- -theory recombin
gene and genotype disjunction during meiosis explanation ant
frequencies according -problem solving technolo
15. to Hardy-Weinberg / / / gy
Population equation - to define autopolyploidy and detrimen
genetics allopolyploidy and give example tal to
15.1 ( PRA human
Concept of PERTENGAHAN - to define and explain the / / / species
gene pool adverse effect
-theory
- to interpret explanation
15.2 Hardy- experimental results -problem solving
Weinberg / / /
law

- to explain concept of gene -theory

pool, allele and genotype explanation / / /
- to use modern frequencies in a population -problem solving
genetic technology in - to explain concept of genetic
gene manipulation equilibrium and the conditions

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16. Gene for genetic equilibrium
regulation - to evaluate / / /
and - to calculate allele and
expression genotype frequencies in a
16.1 Lactose population using Hardy-
operon Weinberg equations -theory
explanation
-problem solving
/ / /
17. Modern TAHUN)
genetics
technology
Genetic - to explain experiment of Jacob
engineering and Monod
/ - to explain production of -theory
recombinant inducible and constitutive explanation
DNA enzymes -problem solving
technology -to list and explain the
17.1 components of lactose operon
Restriction and function of each
enzymes component

17.2 Vectors - to define recombinant DNA

technology

17.3 Cloning - to define and name example of

restriction enzymes and their
usage (EcoR1 and BamH1)

17.4 Gene
libraries and
gene banks - to define and explain the use
of bacterial plasmid and phage
λ
17.5 Use of
recombinant
DNA -to explain step involved in
technology cloning process with example
as in the cloning of insulin gene

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17.6 Other for insulin production by E. coli
uses:
Genetic - to define and to explain the
screening use of gene libraries and gene
Gene banks
therapy - to explain the construction of
DNA finger genomic and cDNA libraries
printing
- to define transgenic organism
17.7 Ethics - to explain the production of
of modern transgenic bacteria, transgenic
genetics plants and transgenic animals

- to explain their uses with

examples
- to define and explain briefly
the process and their uses with
examples

- to discuss the advantages and

disadvantages of recombinant
DNA technology

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 19- PEPERIKSAAN PERTENGAHAN TAHUN
20
(7/5-
18/5
) 18. Ecology - to carry out field - to define and differentiate -theory / / / Aware of
18.1 study to understand terms and concepts such as explanation the
21 Ecosystem the components of ecosystem, biomes, importanc
Organisatio ecosystem populations, communities, e of the
n of life: niche, habitat inter-
organisms, dependen
populations ce
, between
communitie biotic and
s, abiotic
ecosystems, / / / componen
biomes and - to identify trophic -theory ts of
biospheres levels in ecosystems - to explain relationship explanation ecosystem
between niche, habitat and
18.2 Niche environment
and habitat CUTI
22- PERTENGAHAN
23 TAHUN (26/5 – 9/6 )

/ / /

24 - to interpret diagram -theory

18.3 and charts - to explain Sulphur and explanation
Biogeoche phosphorous cycles -problem solving
mical - to interpret diagram
cycles and charts - to explain first and second law -theory
of thermodynamics explanation
18.4 - to explain energy flow the an
Energy flow ecosystem: pond/forest
and energy - to calculate efficiency of
transfer energy transfer by producers,
consumers in one example of
ecosystem pond/forest

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 / / /

19.
Quantitativ - to relate cause and / / /
e ecology: effect
19.1 -to explain Biotic potential,
Population Environmental resistance,
ecology: Natality, mortality, migration,
Survivorship, r and k
strategies,
- practical application population growth, factors
limiting population size and - practical
19.2 distribution application
Applied - to explain carrying capacity Group project
ecology - to explain management and practical
conservation of ecosystem number 20 / / /
-to explain sustainable
development: forestry,
25 - practical application agriculture and fishery

19.3
Sampling - to define and describe the / / /
theories importance of sampling in
ecological studies

Value the
- practical application marvelous
-theory / / / creation of
16.4 Types explanation God
of - practical application - to explain the calculation of
estimation: absolute and relative density,
absolute coverage and frequency using
and relative - practical application quadrat, line transect, belt
transect sampling methods
19.5

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 Sampling - to explain capture-recapture
methods - to relate structure to method of estimation of
its function population size
19.6 / / /
Sampling
parameters -theory
explanation
20.
Reproducti - to define and give example Value the
on for: marvelous
20.1 Parthenogenesis – Aphis, Apis creation of
26 Asexual - refer to topic 21 Pedogenesis – Amphioxus God
reproductio (Biodiversity) Polyembriology – Fasciola -theory
n: Sporulation – Dryopteris explanation
Budding – Hydra
Binary fission – Amoeba / / /
Regeneration – Planaria
Vegetative – Allium
- to relate structure to
function - refer to topic 21 (Biodiversity)

20.2 Sexual / / /
reproductio
n in:
Plants -theory
Fungi - to relate structure to explanation Value the
Animals function - to give brief description of marvelous
major stages such as blastula creation of
21.Develop and gastrula God
ment in - organ formation from
Animals ectoderm, mesoderm and
18.1 endoderm -theory
Embryology explanation / / /

- to explain roles of placenta,

21.2 chorion, amniotic fluid and
Human allantois Value the
fetal - Data analysis - to explain roles of oestrogen marvelous
developme and progesterone oxytocin and creation of
nt prolactin God

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 21.3
Parturition
process in
humans
- to explain development of
seeds and fruits after
21.4 Seed fertilisation
developme - to explain structure of / / /
nt monocotyledonous and
dicotyledonous seeds
27 21.5 Seed - to explain mobilization of
germinatio nutrients after imbibition (role
n - interpretation of of giberrelin)
graphs

- relate structure to / / /
function -theory
explanation

Value the
marvelous
-theory / / / creation of
- to explain the parameters and explanation God
methods of measurement
22. Growth
22.1
Measureme - to explain absolute growth
nt curve, absolute growth rate
- relate structure to curve and relative growth rate
22.2 Types function curve
of growth - to explain limited growth
curves (human), unlimited growth / / /
(perennial plants), allometric
22.3 growth (human), isometric
Growth growth (fish) and intermittent
pattern growth (insect)
- to define and explain the role

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 of hormone (neurosecretion,
28 juvenile hormone and
ecdysone) -theory
explanation
- to explain ecdysis and / / /
metamorphosis in insects
22.4 - identification and
Ecdysis and classification
metamorph -theory Value the
osis - to explain concept and explanation marvelous
importance of hibernation, creation of
22.5 aestivation and diapause in God
Dormancy: - relate structure to animal dormancy
Animals function
- to explain seed dormancy
- to explain factors affecting
Plants seed dormancy and methods of
- naming of organims overcoming them / / /

- to give brief description

23.
Taxonomy - identification of
23.1 morphological features - to construct
Purpose of organisms dichotomous
and - to explain artificial and keys using local
importance natural system of classification examples as in
of practical No 16
taxonomy
- to explain meaning of / / /
23.2 taxonomic rank
Classificati - to give examples of taxonomic
on system hierarchy for plants and -theory
- to identity ecosystem, animals explanation Value the
species diversity and marvelous
23.3 genetic diversity creation of
taxonomic - to explain the construction of -theory God
hierarchy dichotomous keys explanation
- to use dichotomous keys for
the purpose of identification of
23.4 organisms with examples

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 Dichotomo / / /
us keys - to explain Binomial system - Collection,
with examples identification
29 and
preservation of Value the
25 species of marvelous
23.5 - to define biodiversity plants / / / creation of
Biological God
nomenclatu - to describe morphological - Collection, Value the
re features of bacteria and viruses identification marvelous
- to describe morphological and creation of
features of Chlorophyta, preservation of God
24. Phaeophyta, Rhizopoda, 25 species of
Biodiversity Ciliophora and Zoomastigina insects
: Five - to describe morphological / / /
kingdom features of Mucor
systems - to describe morphological
24.1 features of Bryophyta,
Kingdom Filicinophyta, Coniferophyta
Prokaryota and Angiospermophyta
e: - to identify threat of - to describe morphological
24.2 extinction to features of Porifera, Cnidaria,
Kingdom biodiversity Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, - group
30 Protoctista Annelida, Arthropoda, assignment: to
24.3 Mollusca, Echinodermata and gather
Kingdom Chordata information and / / /
Fungi presentation of
24.4 - to identify types of ecosystems ideas
Kingdom found in Malaysia such as
Planatae tropical forest, mangrove
24.5 swamp forest and coastal
Kingdom - to identify diversity of plants
Animalia - information gathering (flora) and animal (fauna)
species with example: ferns and / / /
insects
- to explain genetic diversity
between population in humans
24.6 and plants and animal species
Biodiversity - group
in Malaysia - to explain the factors which assignment: to
- to identify sources of threaten the extinction of gather

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 variation biodiversity such as excessive information and
and illegal logging, pollution of presentation of
rivers and beaches, fish ideas
bombing, and the exploitation
of mangrove in unsustainable / / /
way
24.7 Threat - to explain the implications of -theory
of the extinction of ecosystem, explanation
extinction species and genetic diversities
to on human life and the
biodiversity environment / / /
in Malaysia
- to explain steps taken in the
conservation of biodiversity in
terms of ecosystem, species
- to identify types of and genetics
selection method used - In situ conservation such as
by scientist Taman Negara
24.8 - Ex situ conservation as in
Conservatio botanical garden, zoo, gene and / / /
n of germplasm banks
31 biodiversity

-theory
explanation
- to define and explain the
difference between continuous
25. and discontinuous variation
Variation with examples
and theory - to identify mechanism
of evolution of speciation
25.1 - to explain genetic source from -theory
Continuous sexual reproduction, random explanation
and assortment of homologous
discontinuo chromosomes during meiosis,
us variation cross-over and mutations and
hybridisation
25.2
Genetic - to analyze and
source evaluate information - to explain influence of -theory

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32 and data environmental factors explanation
(7/8-
9/8) - to explain the different
33 method of natural selection
25.3 such as stabilizing selection,
34 Environme directional selection, disruptive
nt source selection, sexual selection and
polymorphism
25.4 - to explain types of artificial
Natural selection like farm animal and
35 selection PRA PERCUBAAN crop plants breeding,
controlled inbreeding and
outbreeding and human and
ULANGKAJI animal sperm banks
36- 25.4
37 Artificial CUTI
(3/9 selection PERTENGAHAN - to define and describe and
-14/ PENGGAL 2 explain the importance of
9 (19/8- 25/8 ) speciation
- to explain the problem in
38- defining species
41 25.5 ULANGKAJI
Speciation: - to explain the formation of
42 Concept of new species such as isolation,
species genetic drift, hybridization and
43- PEPERIKSAAN adaptive radiation
45 PERCUBAAN STPM
Speciation - to define and explain
46 process Lamarck’s and Darwin-Wallace
ULANGKAJI Theory of evolution
- to list the evidences
25.6 PRA STPM supporting theory of evolution
Evolution: such as Paleontology,
Lamarck’s ULANGKAJI Geographical distribution,
Theory Comparative anatomy,
Darwin- STPM comparative embryology,
Wallace biochemistry and DNA
Theory homology
Evidence
supporting
theory of

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 evolution

PREPARED BY : SANTHI NAIR A/P BASKARAN NAIR

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