Title:

To study the layout of fluid mechanics and study of various equipment of

lab.

Objective:
To study the layout of fluid mechanics and study of various equipment of
lab.
1) Kaplan turbine mode apparatus:
The Kaplan turbine is a propeller-type water turbine which has adjustable
blades. It was developed in 1913 by Austrian professor Viktor Kaplan, who
combined automatically adjusted propeller blades with automatically
adjusted wicket gates to achieve efficiency over a wide range of flow
and water level.
The Kaplan turbine was an evolution of the Francis turbine. Its invention
allowed efficient power production in low-head applications which was not
possible with Francis turbines.
2) Centrifugal pump model: Centrifugal pumps are a sub-class of
dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbomachinery. Centrifugal
pumps are used to transport fluids by the conversion of rotational kinetic
energy to the hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow. The rotational
energy typically comes from an engine or electric motor.

3) Visco meter apparatus:

A viscometer (also called viscometer) is an instrument used to
measure the viscosity of a fluid. For liquids with viscosities which vary
with flow conditions, an instrument called a rheometer is used. Thus,
a rheometer can be considered as a special type of
viscometer.Viscometers only measure under one flow condition.
4) Venturi meter (Rate of flow):
Venturi meters are flow measurement instruments which use a
converging section of pipe to give an increase in the flow velocity and a
corresponding pressure drop from which the flowrate can be deduced.
They have been in common use for many years, especially in the water
supply industry.
5) Orifice and jet apparatus:
Measuring and controlling the flow of fluid enteringand leaving is very
important in fluid dynamics. There are many measuring devices for fluid
flows. One of the measuring devices is the orifice. Orifice plates restricts
the flow of the fluid and causes pressure drop.

6) Impact and jet apparatus:

The Impact of a Jet apparatus shows students the force produced by a
jet of water as it strikes a flat plate or hemispherical cup. They can then
compare this to the momentum flow rate in the jet.
7) Dead weight calibration apparatus:
Deadweight testers can be calibrated using either the
“Fundamental” or “Calibrated” methods to measure the
pressure and effective area. A fundamental calibration
involves having the effective area of the gauge determined
using only measurements of the SI base units (e.g. mass,
length) plus a suitable model. A calibrated calibration has
the effective area determined via calibration against a gauge
for which the effective area or generated pressure is
already known.

8) Centre of pressure apparatus:

 The center of pressure is the point where the total sum of
a pressure field acts on a body, causing a force to act through that
point. The total force vector acting at the center of pressure is the
value of the integrated Victoria pressure field. The resultant force and
center of pressure location produce equivalent force and moment on
the body as the original pressure field. Pressure fields occur in both
static and dynamic fluid mechanics.

9) Pelton wheel:
The Pelton wheel is an impulse-type water turbine. It was invented
by Lester Allan Pelton in the 1870s. The Pelton wheel extracts energy from
the impulse of moving water, as opposed to water's dead weight like the
traditional overshot water wheel. Many variations of impulse turbines
existed prior to Pelton's design, but they were less efficient than Pelton's
design. Water leaving those wheels typically still had high speed, carrying
away much of the dynamic energy brought to the wheels.
10)Turgo turbine model:
A turbocharger, or colloquially turbo, is a turbine-driven forced
induction device that increases an internal combustion engine's
efficiency and power output by forcing extra air into the combustion
chamber.[1][2] This improvement over a naturally aspirated engine's
power output is due to the fact that the compressor can force more
air—and proportionately more fuel—into the combustion chamber
than atmospheric pressure (and for that matter, ram air intakes)
alone.
10) Francis turbine model:
The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by James B.
Francis in Lowell, Massachusetts. It is an inward-flow reaction turbine that
combines radial and axial flow concepts. Francis turbines are the most common
water turbine in use today. They operate in a water head from 40 to 600 m (130
to 2,000 ft) and are primarily used for electrical power production.

11) Open channel hydraulic flume:

The hydraulic flume would be of size 0.50m depth x 0.25m width x 6m length
built with extra strong 100 x 100 (4” x 4”) M.s Channel of thickness 6mm The 14
gauge M.S Sheet neatly fixed to MS angle frame with rubber packing provided
with transparent perplex sheet 1.0m long 4 Nos. of baffles for stream line flow.
The upstream and downstream section are provided with adjustable gates with
rack and pinion arrangement for accurate and smooth operation to facilitate the
varying discharge and water head. The sides are provided with inverted Tee
section (MS) for smooth running of movable pointer gauge trolley arrangement
Flume is provided with a fine arrangement for the slope which can be operated
very smoothly. The slope of the flume ranges up to ± 5 o. The tilting arrangement
is operated by both forward and backward slope settings.
12) Meta centric height apparatus:
The metacentric height (GM) is a measurement of the initial static stability of a
floating body. It is calculated as the distance between the Centre of gravity of a
ship and its metacenter. A larger metacentric height implies greater initial stability
against overturning

13) Fluid friction apparatus:

The equipment has three water circuits with instruments, pipes and pipe system
components. These allow students to examine and compare the different
component characteristics. The Digital Hydraulic Bench (H1F, available
separately) supplies the circuit with a controlled flow of water. A space-saving
vertica

l panel holds all the parts for easy use

14) Centrifuged pump test set:

 The centrifugal pump performance test is conducted by pump manufacturer after
completion of the assembly to prove the pump has the required specification as
indicated in the pump datasheet and other purchase documents.

15) Series and parallel pump apparatus:

Centrifugal pumps are often used together to enhance either the flow rate or the
delivery pressure beyond that available from the single pump.

The unit is designed to demonstrate the operational advantages of parallel or

series operation, depending on the required duty.

16) Hydraulic bench:

To conduct the experiment of hydraulic bench, with separate experiential set ups
i.e. Hydrostatic Pressure, Flow over Weirs. Bernoulli's Theorem, Flow meter
Demonstration. Impact of jet and Orifice Discharge etc. which are accessories of
the Hydraulic Bench.

Conclusion:
Reference:
1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaplan_turbine

2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_pump

13) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacentric_height

14) https://www.tecquipment.com/fluid-friction-apparatus

15) http://www.inspection-for-industry.com/centrifugal-pump-performance-test.htm

16) http://discoverarmfield.com/en/products/view/fm51/series-and-parallel-pumps-demonstration-unit

17) http://www.shambhaviimpex.com/hydraulic-bench-apparatus.htm