Petroleum and Natural Gas Life-Cycle Analysis:

Issues, Results, and Case Simulation:

Jeongwoo Han

Systems Assessment Group

Center for Transportation Research
Argonne National Laboratory

GREET Training Workshop

University of Chicago

May 18, 2012

Supporting Documents for Petroleum and Natural
Gas Pathways : Journal Article, Technical Report
and Technical Memo
1. Burnham, A., J. Han, C. E. Clark, M. Wang, J. B. Dunn, and I. Palou-
Rivera. “Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Shale Gas, Natural
Gas, Coal, and Petroleum.” Environmental Science Technology 46,
no. 2 (2011): 619-627.
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es201942m

2. Han, J., M. Mintz, M. Wang. Waste-to-Wheel Analysis of Anaerobic-

Digestion-Based Renewable Natural Gas Pathways with the GREET
Model. Argonne, IL: Argonne National Laboratory, 2011
http://greet.es.anl.gov/publication-waste-to-wheel-analysis

3. Palou-Rivera, I., J. Han and M. Wang. Updated Estimation of Energy

Efficiencies of U.S. Petroleum Refineries. Argonne, IL: Argonne
National Laboratory, 2011.
http://greet.es.anl.gov/publication-petroleum
 System Boundary and Key Parameters of
Petroleum Pathways
2. Recovery Efficiency 4. Refining Efficiency

Fuel
Well Crude Crude Fuel
Crude Oil Recovery Combustion
Drilling Transport Refining T&D
in Vehicle

Oil Sand
Bitumen
Recovery
Upgrading
(Surface)
1. Shares of Oil Sands in Crude Mix

Oil Sand
Bitumen 5. Methane Emissions from
Recovery
Upgrading - Associated Gas
(In-Situ)
- Tailings Ponds

3. Recovery/Upgrading Efficiency

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System Boundary and Key Parameters of Natural
Gas Pathways

 Share of conventional and shale gas in the U.S. NG mix

 Methane emissions from
– Well completion and workover
– Liquid unloading
– Well equipment
– NG transmission and distribution
 NG recovery efficiency
 NG processing efficiency

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Significant Uncertainty in Methane Emissions

Key Parameters on per-well-basis

Uncontrolled methane emissions from well completion,
workover and liquid unloading

Occurrence % of vented CH4

Estimated ultimate
during well after recovery
recovery (EUR)
lifetime and flaring

Key Parameters on per-mmBtu-basis

Controlled methane emissions from well completion,
workover and liquid unloading

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 Argonne has Examined Renewable Natural Gas
From Landfills and Anaerobic Digesters
(RNG-based CNG and gaseous H2 shown as example)
Flared
Flaring emissions
NG Compression
NG
Production H2 reforming and
T&D compression
Landfill
2. Current Practice 1. Process/Compression Efficiencies
Flaring Ratio, Emissions
Weather, … 1. Process/Compression Efficiencies
Current Manure
Residue
Management
NG Compression
Anaerobic NG
Digestion Production H2 reforming and
Animal T&D compression
waste Residue 3. AD Technology
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 Demo

Share of Oil Share of Share

Case Sands Products NG Shale Gas in of LFG
Fuel
No. in Crude Oil Feedstocka Natural Gas for
Blend Supply RNG
U.S. average
1 9.4% 1 22.6% 100% Default
gasoline and NG
Gasoline from oil
2 100.0% 1 22.6% 100%
sands
3 Shale gas 9.4% 1 100% 100%
4 Landfill Gas 9.4% 4 22.6% 100%
5 AD Gas 9.4% 4 22.6% 0%

a 1:North America Natural Gas; 4: Renewable Natural Gas

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 Demo Results
120000 +14%
100000
GHG Emissions (g CO2e/mmBtu)

-10% -13%
80000
-81% -82%
60000
40000
20000
0
PTW
-20000
WTP
-40000
WTW
-60000
U.S. Mix Oil Sand U.S. Mix Shale Gas LFG AD Gas
Gasolline CNG

Reduction in GHG emissions relative to gasoline

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