Further Mathematics Unit 4

Outcome 3 2010
Matrices
Reading Time: 10 minutes
Writing Time: 90 minutes

Question and Answer Book

Name:………………………………..

 Students are permitted to bring into the outcome: pens, pencils, highlighters,
erasers, ruler, Mathomat.
 Students are permitted to bring one bound reference that may include a text,
theory book or workbook.
 Students are permitted to bring an approved Graphical Calculator.
 Students are not permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other
unauthorised electronic devices into the outcome.

Instructions
 Write your name in the space provided on the front cover of the outcome
booklet.
 Circle the correct answer in the Multiple Choice section.
 All working out in Section B must be shown in spaces provided in the
question and answer booklet.

1
Section A: Multiple Choice
Question 1
3 0 
5  2 1 is equal to
   

0
A. 0
 

1
B. 3
 

1
C. 3 
1

3
D. 5
 

3
E. 7 
 

Question 2

1 3 1 3
2   2 is equal to
 9 3 1

13 
A 32
 

16
B 31
 

18 
C 37 
 

 70 
D 203
 

 80 
E 232
 

Question 3

2
 1 3  2
Let A =   , B = 1 3 and C =  4 .
 2 5  
The matrix product that does not exist is

A AB
B AC
C BA
D BC
E CB

Question 4

3 6 2 2
If matrix M =   and the matrix product is AM = 1 8 4 1
7 5  1 4 
Then the order of the matrix A is

A (1 x 2)
B (1 x 4)
C (2 x 2)
D (2 x 4)
E (4 x 1)

Question 5

Consider the three sets of simultaneous equations

Set 1 Set 2 Set 3

2x + y = 1 x – 2y = 5 3x + y = 5
x – 3y = 4 6y = 1 x=7

Which of the above sets have a unique solution?

A Set 1 only
B Set 2 only
C Set 1 and 2 only
D Set 2 and 3 only
E All three sets

Question 6
2 3 3  2
Given that A    and B   , then 2A-B is equal to
2 1 1 4 

3
  4 7 
A  0
  7 

1  5
B  1
 3 

 1 5 
C 1
  3

18 16
D 16
 8 

1 8 
E 3
  2
At the state Hairdressing Awards, three salons dominated the three main awards for the
last three years. The Cuts Galore Salon (CG), the Style Maker Salon (SM) and the Here
for Hair Salon (HH) won awards as indicated in the table below.

Cutting Upstyles Colouring

2009 CG SM SM
2008 HH CG SM
2007 HH HH CG
The matrix that shows the total number of awards won by each of three salons over the
last three years is

A CG SM HH
1 2 0 2009
0 1 2 2008

1 2 0 2007

B CG SM HH
1 0 2 2009
1 1 1  2008

1 2 0  2007

C CG SM HH
1 2 0 2009
1 1 1  2008

0 1 2 2007

D CG SM HH

4
 1 0 2 2009
1 1 1  2008

1 0 2 2007

E CG SM HH
1 2 0  2009
1 1 1  2008

1 0 2 2007

Question 7

3  4  x    6
The matrix equation   has the solution
1  2   y   8 

  2
A  0 
 

1 
B  2
 

 2
C  3
 

3
D 4
 

20
E 30 
 

Question 8

2 1  1 3 
Let A    and B   .
3 5 2  7 
The matrix A 4  2B 3 is equal to

 468  1446
A  866
 3570 

5
  901  2934
B  1858
 6979 
239 481
C 873 131
 
 86 623
D 987 65 
 
141 434
E 861 498
 

Question 9
The price in dollars, of a washing machine and clothes dryer at two different bulk stores
A and B is given in the matrix below.

WM CD

850 420 A
810 450 B


Store A reduces its prices by 10% and store B reduces its prices by 20%.

6
The new price matrix could be given by.

 0.1 850 420

A 0.2 810
  450

850 420
B  0.1 0.2 
810 450

0.9 0 850 420

C 0.8
 0 810 450

0.9 0  850 420

D  0
 0.8 810 450

0.9 0.8 850 420

E 0.9
 0.8 810 450

Question 10
If A is a 3 x 2 matrix, B is a 2 x 1 matrix and C a 1 x 3 matrix, which of the following
products is not defined?

A AB
B ABC
C AC
D CA
E BC

Question 11
The cost of 3 cartons of milk and 2 loaves of bread is $8, the cost of 1 carton of milk and
3 loaves of bread $7.80. How would this situation be expressed in matrix form in order to
find the cost of a carton of milk and a loaf of bread?

3 2  x   8 
A 1 
 3  y  7.8

3 1  x   8 
B 2 
 3  y  7.8

7
 3 2 8 
C 1
 3 7.8


3 2  8   x 
D 1 
 3 7.8  y 

3 1  8   x 
E 2 
 3 7.8  y 

Question 12
In a survey of 200 campers and 200 hotel patrons it was found that 160 of the campers
would go camping again for their next holiday, 40 campers would go to a hotel for their
next holiday. Of the hotel patrons 190 would go to a hotel for their next holiday and 10
would go camping for their next holiday. The transition matrix for this information is

80 95
A 20
 5 

80 5
B 20
 95

160 10 
C  40
 190 

0.8 0.05
D 0.2
 0.95


0.8 0.95
E 0.2
 0.05


Question 13
A company produces Australian team T-shirts, training shirts and playing shirts in adult
and youth sizes. The price of each shirt, in dollars, is shown in the matrix below

20 35 60 adult

P= 
15 30 50  youth

The company has decided to increase the price of all shirts for the new season. A new
price matrix will be made by multiplying the current price matrix P by M.

1.15 0 
M= 
 0 1.2


8
The new price matrix is

23 40.25 69

A P
18 36 60

24 42 72
B P
18 36 60

 24 42 72 
C P
17.25 34.5 57.5

 41 76.25 129 
D P
41.25 76.5 129.5

 23 40.25 69
E P
17.25 36 60

Question 14
Which one of the following is a singular matrix?

1 2
A 3
 4

1 0
B 0
 1

1 2 1
2 4 0
C  

3 5 1


1 2 1
2 3
D  3
4 1 5

9
 0 0 1
0 1 0
E 
1 0 0

Question 15
 12 15 3
The matrix  can also be written as
 6 0 24

A 12 15 3    6 0 24

 12  15  3 
B  6   0    24
     

 3  4 5 1
C 6    1
  0 4

1  4 5 1
D 
3  2 0 8

 4 5 1
E 3 
 2 0 8

The following information relates to Questions 16 and 17.

In a country town, people only have a choice of doing their food shopping at a store
called Marks (M) or at a newly opened store called Foodies (F).
In the first week that foodies opened, only 300 of the town’s 800 shoppers did their food
shopping at Marks. The remainder did their food shopping at Foodies.

Question 16

A state matrix S0 that can be used to represent this situation is

300 M
A S0   
800 F

500 M
B S0   
300 F

10
 800 M
C S0   
300 F

300 M
D S0   
500 F

800 M
E S0   
500 F

Question 17
A market researcher predicts that
 Of those that do their food shopping at Marks this week, 70% will shop at Marks
next week and 30% will shop at Foodies
 Of those that do their food shopping at Foodies this week, 90% will shop at
Foodies next week and 10% will shop at Marks.
A transition matrix that can be used to represent this situation is

A M F

0.7 0.9 M
T 
 0.3 0.1 F

B M F

0.7 0.1 M
T 
 0.3 0.9 F

C M F

11
 0.3 0.7  M
T 
0.9 0.1 F

D M F

0.7 0.3 M
T 
 0.1 0.9 F

E M F

 0.3 0.9 M
T 
0.7 0.1 F

Question 18
At the state Hairdressing Awards, three salons dominated the three main awards for the
last three years. The Cuts Galore Salon (CG), the Style Maker Salon (SM) and the Here
for Hair Salon (HH) won awards as indicated in the table below.

Cutting Upstyles Colouring

2009 CG SM SM
2008 HH CG SM
2007 HH HH CG
The matrix that shows the total number of awards won by each of three salons over the
last three years is

A CG SM HH
1 2 0 2009
0 1 2 2008

1 2 0 2007

B CG SM HH
1 0 2 2009
1 1 1  2008

1 2 0  2007

12
C CG SM HH
1 2 0 2009
1 1 1  2008

0 1 2 2007

D CG SM HH
1 0 2 2009
1 1 1  2008

1 0 2 2007

E CG SM HH
1 2 0  2009
1 1 1  2008

1 0 2 2007

End of Section A

Section B: Short Answer

Question 1
At a holiday resort the profit made on the rental for one night of one, two and three
bedroom apartments as well as penthouse suites is described by the matrix P where

 80  1bed
100 2bed
P 
 90  3bed
 
120 penthouse
On a particular night at the resort, the number of one, two and three bedroom apartments
as well as penthouse suites that were rented out is described by the matrix R where

1 bed 2 bed 3 bed penthouse

R 7 6 2 4

a. What is the order of the matrix P?

1 mark

13
 b. Explain which matrix product PR or RP gives the total profit made by the
resort on rentals for that particular night.

1 mark

c. Find the total profit made by the resort on rentals for that particular night?

1 mark
Question 2
In tropical North Queensland there are three resorts; A, B and C located in and around a
town centre.
Tourist data suggests that most resort holiday makers to the area return to the resort they
stayed in the last time, but some prefer to try one of the other two resorts.
Specifically:
82% of guests who stayed at resort A last time will return to resort A the following year.
8% of guests who stayed at resort A last time will stay at resort B the following year.
10% of guests who stayed at resort A last time will stay at resort C the following year.

78% of guests who stayed at resort B last time will return to resort B the following year.
12% of guests who stayed at resort B last time will return to resort A the following year.
10% of guests who stayed at resort B last time will return to resort C the following year.

88% of guests who stayed at resort C last time will return to resort C the following year.
5% of guests who stayed at resort C last time will return to resort A the following year.
7% of guests who stayed at resort C last time will return to resort B the following year.

a. Enter this data in the transition matrix T below. Express all percentages as
decimals.

This year
A B C

14
  A
T    B fol owing year

  C
1 mark

In the year all three resorts were first open, the total number of guests who stayed at
resort A was 45 000. At resort B the total was 62 000 and at resort C it was 56 000.

b. Enter this data in the column matrix H 0 below.

 A
H 0   B

  C
1 mark

c. i. By using matrices T and H0, write a matrix product that; when evaluated, gives
us the total number of guests who stayed at resorts A, B and C respectively, in the
year after they were all first open.

ii Evaluate the matrix product found in part i.

1 + 1 = 2 marks

15
 d. Show that over the long term, the number of guests staying at resorts A, B and C
each year can be given by the matrix

 47912
H  40997
 74091
Your working out should include at least two relevant state matrices where the
entries have been rounded to the nearest whole number.

2 marks
Question 3
Survey data from a particular resort indicates that the number of guests who come each
year for the scuba diving (x), the golf (y) and the swimming (z) offered at the resort, can
be calculated using the equations below

x  y  z  580
 x  z  800
2 x  y  z  9620

a. Write this system of equations as a matrix equation of the form A  X  B

    
     
    
    

16
 1 mark
b. i. Find the determinant of matrix A.

ii. Explain why matrix B does not have a determinant.

1 + 1 = 2 marks
c. Find the matrix X (solve for x, y and z) by first finding the inverse matrix A-1.
Hence state the number of guests who come each year to the resort for the scuba
diving, golf and the swimming.

2 marks

Question 4
A research project looked at the main occupation of a sample of people aged twenty-one
when the project began.
The categories of full time study (s), full time paid work (w) and other activities (o), such
as volunteer activities, and so on, were used in this project.
The number of people engaged in study, work or other activities at the start of the project
is given by an initial state matrix S0, where

865 s
S 0  345 w
 25  o

a. How many people were studied in this project?

17
 1 mark
Using data from similar groups and interview data, a transition matrix T was created. This
matrix models the anticipated movements of this group between study, work and other
activities into the future.

This year

s w o

0.2 0.1 0.1 s

 
T  0.7 0.8 0.3 w next year
0.1 0.1 0.6 o

b. Of those that are studying one year, what percentage are expected to be
involved in other activities the next year?

1 mark

18
 c. In total, how many of those studied in the project are not expected to have
changed their main occupation at the end of the first year?

2 marks

Question 5
Biologists are investigating the migration patterns of a colony of penguins. Two winter
nesting places have been identified, in areas A and B. The biologists have formulated a
matrix equation which can be used to predict the number of penguins which will establish
their nests in each area:

0.8 0 .3  40
Ln 1    Ln   
0.2 0 .7  60
where Ln is the column matrix which lists the number of penguins nesting in the winter of
year n. The nesting matrix for the first year of the investigation is given by:

1000 Area A
L1   
1200 Area B
a. Calculate the number of penguins which are expected to nest in Area B in the
winter of year 3

2 marks

b. How many more penguins are there expected to be in the colony during the winter
season of year 4, compared with year 3?

19
 2 marks

c. In the long term how many penguins would you expect in each of the nesting sites
A and B if no penguins establish new nests each year? (Hint find L0 first).

2 marks

End of Section B

20