A Review on Design and Implementation of FPGA based Space

Vector Modulation controller for Three-Phase Induction motor

drives

Shivaprasad M1, Nischala G2

UG Student’s, E&EE Department, SSIT, Tumkur, Karnataka, India.

Email: shivaprasadm739@gmail.com, nischalagrao@gmail.com

Abstract— The main aim of proposed project work is
to design and simulation of Space vector Modulation
controller based three phase AC motor drive and
implementation a FPGA based Space vector
Modulation controller for three-phase induction motor
drives. The Space vector Modulation controller is
realized on FPGA to generate gating pulses for
insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IDBTs) in drive
system implementing a Verilog hardware description
language (HDL) code. The design and simulation will be
carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK software
package. Comparison of simulation results and
hardware results for validating performance of the
proposed system will be done.
parallelism. The innovative development of FPGAs
whose configuration could be re-programmed an
unlimited number of times spurred the invention of a
new field in which many different hardware
algorithms could execute, in turn, on single device,
just as many different software algorithms can run on
a conventional processor. When comparing the
dynamic performance, control capabilities and
concurrency in PWM controlled Power Converters,
FPGA based digital techniques are better than DSPs.
PROPOSED BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Keywords— FPGA, SVM, SPWM, SVPWM,

INVETER

INTRODUCTION:
Controlling the speed of induction motors
has ever since been an important topic of research.
The control methodologies have evolved from
electromechanical switching to high speed digital
controllers using DSP and FPGA. Of late, Pulse-
Width Modulation techniques have been the subject
of intensive research; as PWM controlled power
electronic devices find increasing applications in
many new industrial processes involving more
stringent performance specifications. This is
particularly true in case of high performance drive
systems, uninterruptible power supply and Figure 1: Proposed system Block Diagram
programmable AC power sources. Since PWM
inverters play an important role in each of these
applications, the whole system is dependent on the
algorithm controlling the PWM inverter. In recent
years, Field Programmable Gate Arrays have drawn
much attention due to its short design cycle, low cost
and high flexibility in terms of programmability. The
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) offer
significant advantages over microprocessors and
DSPs for high performance, low volume applications,
particularly for applications that can exploit
customized bit-widths and massive instruction-level Figure 2: FPGA based Space vector Modulation
controller for three-phase induction motor drive

LITERATURE SURVEY:
Sarat Kumar Sahoo, Performance Analysis and
Simulation of three Phase Voltage Source Inverter
using basic PWM Techniques, Chennai and
Vivekanandha College of Technology for women,
Third International Conference on Sustainable
Energy and Intelligent System (seiscon
2012),VCTW, Tiruchengode, Tamilnadu, India on
27-29 December, 2012.
This paper illustrates use of different Pulse Width
Techniques for a three phase voltage source inverter
using Matlab Simulink software. These techniques
help in reducing harmonic content in power supply as
well as in controlling output voltage and frequency.
The techniques which are Multiple PWM, Sinusoidal
PWM (SPWM), Trapezoidal PWM, Staircase PWM,
60° PWM and Third Harmonic PWM. Though these
techniques are very good at reducing lower order
harmonics, efficiency of an inverter can’t be
effectively increased due to the presence of higher
order harmonics. To eliminate these harmonics, a
filter is designed. Comparative study of these
techniques from the point of view of their harmonics
spectrum and total harmonic distortion, it is proven
that the techniques SPWM and THPWM have better
performances compared to other techniques.
Lavanya KOMMA, Harmonic reduction for three
phase voltage source inverters, Journal of
Electrical Engineering.
This paper gives comparison between two level &
three level inverters using SVPWM technique. Also
this paper gives comparison between three level
inverters using SVPWM and SPWM technique. The
simulation study reveals that three-level SVPWM
inverter generates less THD compared to two-level
SVPWM inverters & Three-level SPWM inverters
Krunal Rao, Implementation of SPWM
Technique for 3 phase VSI using STM32F4
Discovery Board Interfaced with MATLAB, 1st
IEEE International Conference on Power
Electronics. Intelligent Control and Energy
Systems (ICPEICES-2016).
In this paper Design and development of control
circuit algorithm of 3-4» Voltage Source Inverter (V
SI) using Unipolar Sinusoidal Pulse Width
Modulation (SPWM) techniques are proposed using
STM32F407VGTx discovery board interfaced with
MATLAB/SIMULINK Environment. For
implementing 3-phase VSI this method is most useful
as it will eliminate complexity of control circuit
algorithm occurred due to analog circuit reduces cost,
size of filter required and improved overall inverter
efficiency.
Mohammed abdul khader aziz biabani, Control of
Induction Motor Drive using Space Vector PWM,
International Conference on Electrical,
Electronics, and Optimization Techniques
(ICEEOT) – 2016.
This paper presents speed Control of Induction Motor
Drive using Space Vector PWM by varying input
Voltage or frequency or both. Variable voltage and
variable frequency for Adjustable Speed Drives
(ASD) is invariably obtained from a three-phase
Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). Voltage and
frequency of inverter can be easily controlled by
using PWM techniques, which is a very important
aspect in the application of ASDs. A number of
PWM techniques are there to obtain variable voltage
and variable frequency supply such as PWM, SPWM,
SVPWM to name a few, among the various
modulation strategies SVPWM is one of the most
efficient techniques as it has better performance and
output voltage is similar to sinusoidal.
Upama Bose, Performance Analysis of Four-
switch Three-phase Inverter-fed Induction Motor
drive, 2014 Power and Energy Systems: Towards
Sustainable Energy (PESTSE 2014).
This paper presents the performance evaluation ofan
induction motor fed from a four-switch three-phase
inverter. Here, instead of using six-switch three-
phase inverter (SSTPI), a four-switch three-phase
inverter (FSTPI) is used. This reduces the cost of the
inverter, the switching losses, the complexity of the
control algorithms and the interface circuits to
generate six PWM logic signals. Both PWM and
SPWM techniques are implemented for switching.
Krishna Chandran Vinay, FPGA Based
Implementation of Variable-Voltage Variable-
Frequency Controller for a Three Phase Induction
Motor, 978-1-61284-764-1/11©2011 IEEE
This paper presents the design and implementation of
a Variable-Voltage Variable-Frequency (VVVF)
Controller based on Sinusoidal Pulse Width
Modulation (SPWM) Technique for a 3 Phase
Induction Motor using a Field Programmable Gate
Array (FPGA). The FPGA controller is used to
generate SPWM pulses based on the frequency input,
that are used to control the inverter. The VVVF
output of the inverter can be used as supply to a three
phase induction motor and thereby speed of the
motor can be controlled

PWM TECHNIQUES:
In these techniques, a fixed dc input voltage
is given to the inverter and a controlled ac output
voltage is obtained by adjusting the on and off periods
of the inverter components. The on and off periods
of the inverter are controlled by different PWM
signals. The PWM signals are pulses with fixed
frequency and magnitude and variable pulse width.
These are generated by mainly two techniques,
Triangle comparison based PWM and Space Vector
based PWM. Here, Triangle comparison based
PWM is discussed where a triangular carrier
wave is compared with a modulating wave of
fundamental frequency. The width of the PWM
pulses changes from pulse to pulse according to the
modulating wave. The frequency of the carrier signal
must be much higher than that of the modulating
signal, such that the energy delivered to the load
depends mostly on the modulating signal.
SPWM TECHNIQUES:
Figure 3 Conventional SPWM generation
technique for three phase voltage source inverter
In this SPWM technique there are multiple numbers
of output pulses per half cycle. The each pulse width
is varied according to the amplitude of a sine wave
evaluated at the centre of the same pulse. Sinusoidal
Pulse width modulation (SPWM) generated by
comparing amplitude of triangular wave (carrier) and
sinusoidal reference wave (modulating) signal.
SPWM switching for three phase inverter is similar
to that of a single phase inverter. Basically, each
switch is controlled by comparing a triangular carrier
wave with a sinusoidal reference wave. The output
fundamental frequency becomes same as the
reference wave, and the amplitude of the output is
determined by relative amplitudes of the reference
wave and carrier wave. In the case of six-step three
phase SPWM frequency is made equal to the
frequency of Vcarrier. The peak value and the frequency
of reference of Vreference control the amplitude and the
fundamental frequency respectively.
SVM TECHNIQUE:
The topology of a three-leg voltage source
inverter is shown in Figure 4.1. Eight
possible switching combinations are
generated by the switching network shown
in Figure 4 Six out of these eight topologies
producing a nonzero output voltage are
known as the non-zero switching states and
the remaining two topologies producing zero
output voltage are known as zero switching
states.
Figure 4 Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverter
Space Vector Modulation (SVM) for three-leg VSI is
based on the representation of the three phase
quantities as vectors in a two-dimensional (α, β)
plane. Considering topology 1 of Figure 5, which is
repeated in Figure 6. The line voltagesVab ,Vbc and
Vca are given by
Vab=+Vdc (1)
Vbc=0 (2)
Vca=-Vdc (3)
This can be represented in the (α ,β ) plane as shown
in Figure 7 where voltages Vab ,Vbc and Vca are
three line voltage vectors displaced 120° in space.
The effective voltage vector generated by this
topology is represented as V1 (pnn) in Figure 7. The
switching network shown in Figure 4 has a total of
eight possible switching combinations. Each
switching combination is shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5. Eight Switching State Topologies of
Three-Phase Inverter
Figure 6. Topology V1 (100) Voltage Source
Inverter
Figure 7 Topology Representation of α, β plane
V/F control or Frequency control:
We vary the stator voltage in such a
way that the flux remains constant by
simultaneously varying the supply frequency such
that the ratio V/f remains constant. The AC supply
is rectified and then applied to a PWM inverter to
obtain a variable frequency, variable magnitude 3-
ph AC supply. The electromagnetic torque
developed by the motor is directly proportional
to the magnetic field produced by the stator and the
flux produced by the stator is proportional to the ratio
of applied voltage and frequency of supply.
Therefore, by varying the voltage and frequency by
the same ratio, flux and hence, the torque can be kept
constant throughout the speed range. This make
constant V/f method the most common speed control
method of an induction motor.
METHODOLOGY:
The main goal of proposed work are summarized
below
 Good understanding the concepts of three
phase Inverter & three phase induction
motor drives.
 Study of various PWM techniques.
 Design and Simulation of Space vector
Modulation controller based three phase AC
motor drive using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
 Study of FPGA based Space vector
Modulation controller.
 Implementation of FPGA based Space
vector Modulation controller for three phase
AC motor drive
Analysis of simulation results of Space vector
Modulation controller based three phase AC motor
and analysis of results of FPGA based Space vector
Modulation controller for three phase AC motor drive
will be done to ensure better performance of the
proposed system.
CONCLUSION:
The paper presents a brief discussion on basic various
PWM techniques for three phase inverter feeding AC
motor. Pros and cons of SPWM and SVM techniques
were discussed. SVPWM is one of the most efficient
techniques as it has better performance and output
voltage is similar to sinusoidal and which helps in
smooth control of AC motors. Comparison of FPGA
with DSP and other microcontroller yields Field
Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) offer significant
advantages over microprocessors and DSPs for high
performance, low volume applications, particularly
for applications that can exploit customized bit-
widths and massive instruction-level parallelism.
Hence FPGA based SVPM controller is most suitable
for AC motor drive. Research works are in progress
considering the structure complexity and control
circuits. This helps to reduce the power electronics
components and improve total harmonics profile and
total cost of the system.
REFERENCE:
[1] Sarat Kumar Sahoo, Performance Analysis and
Simulation of three Phase Voltage Source Inverter
using basic PWM Techniques, Chennai and
Vivekanandha College of Technology for women,
Third International Conference on Sustainable
Energy and Intelligent System (seiscon
2012),VCTW, Tiruchengode, Tamilnadu, India on
27-29 December, 2012.
[2 Lavanya KOMMA, Harmonic reduction for three
phase voltage source inverters, Journal of Electrical
Engineering.
[3] Krunal Rao, Implementation of SPWM
Technique for 3 phase VSI using STM32F4
Discovery Board Interfaced with MATLAB, 1st
IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics.
Intelligent Control and Energy Systems (ICPEICES-
2016).
[4] Mohammed abdul khader aziz biabani, Control of
Induction Motor Drive using Space Vector PWM,
International Conference on Electrical, Electronics,
and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT) – 2016.
[5] Upama Bose, Performance Analysis of Four-
switch Three-phase Inverter-fed Induction Motor
drive, 2014 Power and Energy Systems: Towards
Sustainable Energy (PESTSE 2014).
[6] Krishna Chandran Vinay, FPGA Based
Implementation of Variable-Voltage Variable-
Frequency Controller for a Three Phase Induction
Motor, 978-1-61284-764-1/11©2011 IEEE
[7] Arulmozhiyal, R. Baskaran, K. Devarajan, N.
Kanagaraj, Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation
Based Induction Motor Speed Control Using FPGA,
ICETET, 16-18 Dec 2009, pp 242-247.
[8] Guay, L. Salmon, J., DSP Speed Control of
Single-Phase Induction Motor Using C
Programming,IEEE International Symposium on
Industrial Electronics, 9-13 July 2006, pp 246-251.