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Semantics:
Semantics deal with aspects of meaning that is encoded by words and grammar.
Homophony:
Homonymy:
Polysemy:
1
Synonymy and Antonymy:
Synonymy:
Synonymy is two or more forms with very closely related meanings, e.g.,
broad &wide ;hide &conceal ; almost &nearly , etc.
Antonymy:
Antonymy is when two lexical forms have opposite meanings, e.g., quick
and slow, hot and cold, short and tall, etc.
Hyponymy:
The two diagrams below provide visual presentation for the above:
2
Idioms:
For example, ‘ fly off the handle' (means: loose one's temper), ‘ a
red letter day' (means: a day that will never be forgotten), ‘kick the
bucket, (to die), etc.
3
Syntax investigates in the sentence structure, the one level higher
than the word level.
The phrase:
The phrase has a head that is built around its constituents, and is
named after this head.
The clause:
4
The sentence and its types:
The sentence and its types are three; (simple, complex and
compound). Below are examples of the sentence types:
Read the following sentence and its structural analysis which follows:
Labeled-bracketing:
5
Tree-Diagram:
The above diagrams help to describe clearly and visually how an English
sentence segments are put together as combinations of phrases which, in
turn, are combinations of words.
دالور امير: , symbols of sounds, voice or voiceless, place of articulation, and the manner of articulation