a Cee ee at i MATH aye ST a u | bs. STANDARD LEVEL a aw. , ine sbi y _ y f. =. Ae Me ls gtinen —_ Ps OXFORD |OXFORD [UNIVERSITY PRESS (Gevat Cheondan Stet, Onfnd 2 DP (Oxford University Pros a arparent af the Universay Cord, Ie furthers the€nieeste’s objetive of excellence ta sescarch,schoka ship, ‘amd educa’ pling wow di i Oxford Sow York Aucdaed Cape Town Pars Salam Hong eng. Karachi Kunla furypur Madrid Melbourne Mosica Cry Mates Newel” Shaaghas Tapes Torna, Wath oftes ia ‘Argeotina Aust Mrwwil Chike Cacch Repuie France Greene Gancmals Muegaey Kaly Japan faba’ Porugal Singapore South Kena Swatactand Thathid Tuckey Ukewine ¥ietnem © canes Undversty Prone 2012 The moral hes ofthe author have on asserted [tase igh le inerersity Press Yar ist god 2012 ‘All rights resorvod a parton pudticrion mabe repwedced, tated in arenes systtn. ne tramemitied, an Forme amy mets. without ibe pete perriasan ba writing af Gard Tales Pros, ras expredy permed by line or under terme sgrecd vith the apprepente xpenpuaphacs rights amzanwzation, Favjirics concommang repeoductaon etude You mast oo circulate this book im any athe binding accoeee yours pie this ae cenit en ani aaa rich Lisary Cataloguing in Publication Data ta aaa: Ee oTeore9129001 mos7as4a2t Printed by Vivar Printing Sdn Bnd, Mays Ackcnomledements The pubis we Me tile fling fe permis te reproduce phiographs PI: PEKKA AHOyAssised Presa: P20: RiryelSu Tens; PPD allover photegraphy|Alamy; PIS; Ronald SumacesSbutteock: AT: Ohrisinpher KingsDreamstisc eee: PA: NYFSbutienscoc tl NoniaShuttersioek: Pa: Pal Browa\Rex Beate: PA Genwscapahuctoricek; PS: Song] RavwodavvkijShutzonsoeke Ps; Shane Budauae)Shuttcestexks ROH Lav EabvesShuatrstc 84 aul Willers Werks Photogriphy UPhote ibeary P88 irs Nishoy/ Shutterstock; P88; mais lan sb tenn PX? fan; PIA. 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Sahota. yeny fort fis Been made to ceatact capyright aes of ‘mater mpresiedim thisbeok nt, the pebishons ll ee pleased te rstly 2a errors ce nmssions 3 the eae posetCourse Companion definition ‘The [B Diploma Programme Course Campanions are resource materials designed to provide students with support through their swur-year course af study, These buoks will help seudents gain an understanding of shat is expected from the study uf an IB Dipsloma Progearnme subject, ‘The Course Companians reflect the philosophy and approach of che 1 Diploma Programme and present concent in a way thar illuserates the purpose and aims of the IB. 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