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Quadro 2
Quadro 8 Diálogo entre jogadores
Paródia publica- (Xadrez)
da em artigo do Texto da peça teatral
Correio Pag. 148
Braziliense Quadro 6
sobre o “Cordel” Paródia de música
Pag. 171 de Ivete Sangalo
no contexto do
“Cordel”
Pag. 167
Quadro 1
Roteiro para escrever
autobiografia
Pag. 126
Quadro 4
Diálogo entre peças
(Lote)
Texto da peça teatral
Quadro 7
Pag. 158
Paródia de música do Padre
Marcelo Rossi
Contexto do “Cordel
Pag. 169

Quadro 3
Quadro 5 Diálogo entre peças
Diálogo entre peças (Gato de luz)
(Dízimo) Texto da peça teatral
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