MODELING OF THERMAL POLLUTION SPREADING FROM A STEAM POWER

PLANT IN COASTAL AREA

Abstract
Cooling water discharge is inevitable in current system of power plant in coastal
environment. The effect of the discharge from the power plant can cause marine
pollution disorders on ecosystem balance because of its high temperature and may be
able to cause warm water recirculation into the intake as result of tidal current reversal.
An appropriate designs need to be developed to prevent adverse effects on the
discharge’s capability to minimize hot water spreading. In this research, thermal
pollution due to Steam Power Plant was modeled using SMS (Surface Water Modeling
System) software. The result from modeling can be one of parameters for design of
cooling water system. The model results show that numerical model can provide a
design that fulfills the environmental and operational criteria.

Keywords: Power plant, marine pollution, thermal pollution, numerical modeling, SMS

Experimental Study on the Effect of Sand Fill Ratio on

Hydraulic Stability of Coastal Structures made of Geotextile
Sand Containers (GSC)

ABSTRACT

There are many coastal structures that can be applied to protect vulnerable coastal
areas against erosion. Geotextile Sand Containers (GSCs) are increasingly used
worldwide as an alternative to conventional hard structures because it is low cost,
flexible protection system with more nature appearance. One of the most important
issues that still need further research study is the influence of different ratios on
hydraulic stability of GSC-structures. Pull-out tests were carried out to identify the effect
of sand fill ratio on the hydraulic stability. The result show GSC structures that filled with
more weight, shows high pull out forces. GSC structures n slope position more stable
than in crest position. It caused by contacted area and more weight of GSC structures
above. But these results not assess the effect of wave and current. Furthermore, non-
woven geotextile gives resulted higher pull out forces compared with woven geotextile.
The main reason for this observation is woven geotextiles have relatively smooth
surfaces (low friction) than non-woven geotextiles. Due to limitation of time, results from
only limited model configuration were tested. In order to achieve a concrete relationship
between he sand fill ratio and the pull-out forces, further pull out tests should be
performed with more model configurations. With only a pull tests is very difficult to give
a definite conclusion about sand fill ratio effect on stability of GSC structures, the other
tests experimental should be carry out such as permeability tests and friction tests.