PSI User Manual:

Client: BPPT-CMS (PT. ASMIN Adisentosa)

Chris L’Esperance, Pro-oceanus Systems Inc.

1 Instrument Setup

The following configuration instructions apply in the case that the appropriate firmware has been loaded
onto the instrument. For instructions describing the procedure for downloading a new version of firmware, please
refer to the document entitled: CO2-PRO FirmwareDownloadInstructions.

The steps below describe the instrument setup procedure when using the deck-box for initial testing purposes:

1. Configure serial port of terminal program (or custom data acquisition system) to the standard: 9600,n,8,1.
2. Connect the RS-232 cable from the PC to deckbox (at the deck-box end, this connector is loose fitting, so
screw down). Note also that this cable is a straight-through cable (pin 2 to pin 2, pin 3 to pin 3, pin 9 to
pin 9, etc.) A further note: communication has been achieved with a USB to RS-232 converter, however,
manufacturer-specific issues may arise.
3. Ensure that the deck-box cable terminated with a wet-mateable connector is connected to the ‘DATA’ port
of the instrument
4. Connect power from AC/DC power supply to deckbox.
5. In a few seconds a menu line will appear in the terminal window running on the PC. The menu options are
described below.

2 User Interface

The text-based user interface for the CO2-Pro consists of a main menu and four simple, single character
commands / functions. The main menu prompt of the PSI CO2-Pro is transmitted over the ‘DATA’ cable upon
supplying power to the instrument. The main menu prompt is transmitted 5 times at 30 s intervals.

Run (R) / Retrieve data (D) / Set time (T) / Clear memory (C):

The user is provided with four options. Run (R) allows the user initiate a measurement cycle. The user is
prompted for an initial transmission time. Retrieve data (D) allows the user to retrieve previously collected data
residing in memory. Set time (T) allows the user to set the realtime clock. Clear memory (C) allows the user to
clear all previously collected data from memory. If no action is taken, the instrument will start automatically,
choosing the appropriate initial transmission time. The details of each of these functions are described in greater
detail below.

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2.1 Initiating a Measurement

If an ‘R’ or ‘r’ is entered at the main menu the operator will be prompted to enter the initial transmission
time: (Note: The user’s selection is echoed back and appears at the end of the prompt line in square brackets
after the value has been successfully received by the instrument)

Current time: 04-JUN-2010 08:50:29

Set initial transmission time.
YY (09-99): [10]
MM (01-12): [6]
DD (01-31): [4]
hh (00-23): [12]
mm (00-59): [0]
Current time set to: 04-JUN-2010 12:00:00

The instrument operates on a 24-hour clock. A response consisting of two bytes is required for each prompt.
Choose the relevant date. Enter any time that is greater than the current time by an amount equal
to the sampling interval. This feature allows the user to schedule the initiation of a measurement hours, days
or weeks in advance, allowing power to be saved.

2.2 Setting the Realtime Clock

If a ‘T’ or ‘t’ is entered at the main menu you will be prompted for the present date and time in the following
sequence:

Current time: 02-FEB-2010 09:58:29

Set realtime clock.
YY (09-99): [10]
MM (01-12): [2]
DD (01-31): [2]
hh (00-23): [11]
mm (00-59): [0]
Current time set to: 02-FEB-2010 11:00:00

Note that no prompt for seconds is issued so enter the minute value at the top of a minute. When readying the
instrument for deployment with a custom data acquisition system, note that the clock of the CO2-PRO must be
synchronized with the clock of the data acquisition system.

2.3 Retrieving Data from the Instrument

When a ‘D’ or ’d’ is typed in the terminal window in response to the main menu prompt, the instrument
retrieves and transmit the contents of its memory to the terminal window.

Run (R) / Retrieve data (D) / Set time (T) / Clear memory (C): [D]
24-MAY-2010 15:00:00 51764 48517 390.41 53.4 16.9 26.9 1011
24-MAY-2010 18:00:00 51764 48505 393.67 53.5 16.1 27.5 1009
24-MAY-2010 21:00:00 51764 48452 400.19 53.4 15.6 27.3 1011

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25-MAY-2010 00:00:00 51764 48453 399.57 53.5 16.2 27.3 1011

25-MAY-2010 03:00:00 51764 48459 398.76 53.5 14.6 27.3 1012
25-MAY-2010 06:00:00 51745 48477 393.98 53.5 12.4 27.1 1012
25-MAY-2010 09:00:00 51745 48547 382.40 52.7 9.5 23.8 1014
25-MAY-2010 12:00:00 51745 48546 384.35 52.6 8.1 23.1 1012
25-MAY-2010 15:00:00 51745 48557 384.95 52.7 8.4 23.6 1008
25-MAY-2010 18:00:00 51745 48588 381.49 52.6 9.8 22.5 1006
.................................................
Download complete!

In order to log the data to a text file please refer to section A.2. After a download is completed the menu prompt
will re-appear. If no action is taken the instrument will perform an automatic start, therefore, disconnect power
to the instrument.

2.4 Clearing the Instruments Memory

When a ‘C’ or ‘c’ is typed in the terminal window, the instruments memory is cleared. Upon the successful
clearing of the memory, the instrument transmits the following response.

Memory cleared!

Data are not erased when power to the instrument is removed, nor are data overwritten on subsequent measure-
ment events.

2.5 No Action Taken, Automatic Start

If no action is taken, the menu line is transmitted 5 times (at 30 second intervals), the instrument will auto
start. It will choose a starting point (after checking the current time) that will match up with the proposed 3 hr
sampling schedule. Possible starting points are 00, 03, 06, 09, 12, 15, 18 and 21 hours, on the hour.

For example, if power is applied at 13:10, then the program will pick 18:00 as a start for first data
transmission. Explanation: when auto-starting, the program gets the current hour, 13 in this case, and adds
either 4, 5, or 6 hours to the time of 13:00:00 (current time rounded down to the nearest hour) and sets this as the
initialization time. This allows the instrument to remain synchronized with the three hour measurement cycle.

3 Data

3.1 Data fields

The data fields, of which the stored / transmitted data string is composed, are illustrated in Figure 1. The
specific byte range, as well as, a description of each one of the data fields are provided in Table 1.

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Table 1: Description of the CO2-Pro data string. Note that the convention of naming the first byte,
byte 0 is adopted here.

Symbol Byte-range Description

dd 5−6 Day of month

mmm 8 − 10 Three character, ASCII represen-
tation of month
yyyy 12 − 15 Year
HH 17 − 18 Hour (24 hour clock)
MM 20 − 21 Minute
SS 23 − 24 Second
Zero 26 − 30 Raw 16-bit digitized value of de-
tector signal during last CO2 -free
(scrubbed) measurement.
Meas 32 − 37 Raw 16-bit digitized value of
detector signal during measure-
ment.
xCO2 39 − 46 Linearized mole fraction CO2 .
Expressed in units of µmol mol−1
or ppm.
TD 48 − 52 Detector temperature in degrees
Centigrade.
pH2 O 54 − 58 Water vapour pressure expressed
in units of mbar.
TH 60 − 64 Temperature associated with hu-
midity measurement. Expressed
in units of degrees Centigrade
p 66 − 70 Total detector gas pressure ex-
pressed in units of mbar.

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67

dd mmm yyyy HH MM SS Zero Meas xCO2 TD pH2 O TH p EOL

C L
2 3 - MA Y - 2 0 1 0 22 : 15 : 24 51741 48393 403 . 43 53 . 4 13 . 7 26 . 3 1015 R F

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Figure 1: Data fields of which the data string that is stored / transmitted by the CO2-Pro is composed.

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3.2 Data Post-processing

The CO2 mole fraction (xCO2 ) and the pressure (p) of the instrument’s internal gas volume are among the
data output by the CO2-Pro. These data may be used to compute the CO2 partial pressure of the internal gas
volume which has equilibrated with the water being flushed through the instruments gas exchange interface. A
sample calculation for converting xCO2 to pCO2 is shown below:

1 bar 1.01325 atm

pCO2 = xCO2 × p × ×
1000 mbar 1 bar

since xCO2 is represented as a ppm value (10−6 ), without further manipulation, the result is given with units of
µatm. Given a measured values of xCO2 = 390.41 ppm, and p = 1011 mbar

1 bar 1.01325 atm

pCO2 = 390.41 ppm · 1011 mbar × ×
1000 mbar 1 bar
= 399.93 µatm

4 Equilibration

The continuous pCO2 record following a zero measurement is fitted to the following equation:

t
 
−
pCO2 (t) = c0 + c1 · 1 − exp τ  (4.1)

Where τ is the post-zero measurement time constant of the instrument. Typically one may assume that a
reasonable degree of equilibration has been achieved at 5 to 7 time constants after the zero measurement.

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A Communication Using Hyperterminal

A.1 Creating a new connection

1. Open Hyperterminal.
2. From the ‘File’ menu, choose ‘New connection’.
3. A ‘Connection Description’ window will appear. In the ‘Name’ field, enter a name such as ‘CO2-Pro’.
Choose an icon.
4. After these selections have been made, a ‘Connect To’ window will appear. In the ‘Connect Using’ field,
from the drop down menu, select the appropriate COM port to which the instrument is connected.
5. A ‘COM Properties’ window will have appeared. Ensure that the following values are provided in the
following fields:

bits per second: 9600

data bits: 8
parity: none
stop bits: 1
flow control: none

Click ‘OK’
6. The connection has been successfully established.

The connection can be verified by connecting the ‘DATA’ cable of the instrument to the deck unit. Supply power
to the instrument by inserting the barrel connector of the AC/DC adaptor into the deck unit. The main menu
should appear at the terminal window.

A.2 Capturing data to a file

To automatically capture data sent by the instrument to a text file:

1. In Hyperterminal, From the ‘Transfer’ menu, choose ‘Capture text’.

2. A ‘Capture text’ window will appear. Select path and filename.
3. Begin logging data by pressing ‘Start’.
4. To disable automatic capture: From the ‘Transfer’ menu, choose ‘Capture text’ and select ‘stop’ or ‘pause’
as appropriate.

B Test Data - 20100928

Figures 2 through 6 represent data generated by the CO2-Pro when running the firmware: CO2-PRO-
Continuous-v1-0.txt.

The following data are pertain to the data series named: sta01, sta02, sta03, sta04, and sta05, respectively.
The instrument was operated for approximately: 425, 460, 600, 360, 270 s. The computed time constants are:

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111.1, 144.8, 93.8, 126.3, 117 s (mean = 118.6 s). Given this equilibration time constant, a measurement duration
that would allow you to achieve equilibration to a nominal level of 7τ is 830 s. If possible, data could be acquired
to a level of 10τ (1180 s) in order to be conservative.

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Figure 2: Test data sta01.TXT.

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Figure 3: Test data sta02.TXT.

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Figure 4: Test data sta03.TXT.

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Figure 5: Test data sta04.TXT.

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Figure 6: Test data sta05.TXT.

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C Test Data - 20101001

Figures 7 through 10 represent data generated by the CO2-Pro when running the firmware: CO2-PRO-
Continuous-v1-0.txt. Below I have included some notes pertaining to the second round of data forwarded to PSI
by Cecep Sujana:

Discrete data ----------------

sta09.TXT
29-SEP-2010 13:30:00 46441 43173 415.89 58.3 50.6 41.1 1034
29-SEP-2010 13:45:00 46441 43055 433.83 58.5 51.4 43.7 1037
The value 433.83 ppm CO_2 may be accurate, however, a continuous
data record allows one to see if equilibrium has been reached.

sta06.TXT
29-SEP-2010 15:15:00 46446 43140 425.34 58.1 49.3 39.0 1030
Equilibrium not attained. Our advice would be to collect more data.

sta10.TXT
29-SEP-2010 12:30:00 46446 42921 459.54 58.2 50.7 39.8 1030
29-SEP-2010 12:45:00 46446 42781 480.93 58.4 53.1 43.2 1034
The value 480.93 ppm CO_2 may be accurate, however, a continuous
data record allows one to see if equilibrium has been reached.

sta10a.TXT (duplicate)

sta11_15_a.TXT
29-SEP-2010 11:00:00 46456 43019 447.40 58.1 48.7 39.0 1027
29-SEP-2010 11:15:00 46456 42733 493.73 58.3 51.1 42.6 1029
29-SEP-2010 11:30:00 46456 42739 492.67 58.4 51.0 44.1 1031
The mean of 493.73, 492.67 ppm CO_2 could be taken to represent
accurate data.

Continuous data -----------

sta02b.TXT
The pre-equilibrium pCO2 level fluctuates more than in other series. The
fluctuation appears to be coincident with a fluctuation in the internal gas
volume vapor pressure. Equilibrium not attained. Our advice would be
to collect more data.

sta12_Continus.TXT
Equilibrium not attained. Our advice would be to collect more data.

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Figure 7: Test data sta02b.TXT.

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Figure 8: Test data sta02b.TXT - auxiliary data.

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Figure 9: Test data sta02b.TXT - Zero and sample measurements.

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Figure 10: Test data sta12Continus.TXT.

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