1.

drama sung from beginning to end

2. (meaning “from the head”) opens with two contrasting sections; at end of B, song returns
to A section following direction in score
3. Italian Baroque opera on a serious subject; consisting of alternating recitatives and da
capo arias
4. melody performed with supporting accompaniment
5. small ensemble that accompanies singer with bass line and harmonies; sually consists of
two instruments (one holds a bass line, ie. Cello, bassoon; one plays chords, ie.
Harpsichord, lute)
6. between lyrical song and speech that allows for greater clarity of text
7. a purely instrumental opening movement that introduces a longer work; purpose is to
quiet the audience in preparation for show
8. French Baroque instrumental opening; usually consisting of a slow introduction with
dotted rhythms followed by a fast section with imitation
9. Lyrical movement or piece for solo voice; usually with some kind of instrumental
accompaniment (Italian for “air” or “melody”)
10. a short pattern of notes repeated over and over
11. another name for an ostinato in the bass part
12. instrumental music for a small ensemble with only one player to each part
13. same words with the same basic melody recurring at regular intervals over the work
14. SSB
15. instrumental work for a soloist and a larger ensemble
16. full ensemble (“all”)
17. “little return”; name for statement and return of full ensemble, in a work alternating
between the orchestra and soloist(s)
18. formal design of alternating ritornello and solo sections
19. “big concerto” concerto with multiple soloists
20. to move to a different key area
21. central theme is introduced and then imitated by subsequent voices
22. exposes the theme in each of the solo instruments in turn
23. multiple voices of equal importance
24. many notes per syllable
25. first scale degree
26. passages that reintroduce the subject often in imitation
27. subject does not appear at all – where all instruments play
28. work musically similar to an opera but not staged and usually on a sacred topic “prayer
hall”
29. instrumental work related to a story/event/idea
30. elaborate opera aria
31. Who wrote Orpheus?
32. Where was Orpheus written?
33. What is Orpheus about?
34. What texture is Orpheus?
35. What type of ensemble accompanied Orpheus?
36. What composer wrote in both the Renaissance and Baroque era and wrote one of the first
widely acclaimed operas?
37. Who wrote Dido and Aeneas?
38. Where was Dido and Aeneas written?
39. What is Dido and Aeneas about?
40. Why was production of Dido and Aeneas repressed?
41. Who wrote “Revenge”?
42. Where was “Revenge” written?
43. What is “Revenge” about?
44. What genre is “Revenge”?
45. What texture is used in “Revenge”?
46. Describe the way Strozzi worked to be a female composer.
47. Who wrote The Four Seasons “Winter”?
48. Where was The Four Seasons “Winter” written?
49. What type of piece is The Four Seasons “Winter”?
50. What is the form of The Four Seasons “Winter”?
51. Who was known as “The Red Priest” and why?
52. What was Vivaldi’s occupation?
53. Who wrote the Brandenburg Concerto?
54. Where was the Brandenburg Concerto written?
55. What type of concerto is the Brandenburg Concerto?
56. What is the texture of the Brandenburg Concerto?
57. What is the form of the Brandenburg Concerto?
58. What instruments does the Brandenburg Concerto feature?
59. What kind of music did Bach write and why?
60. Describe Bach’s children.
61. Who wrote Messiah?
62. Where was the Messiah written?
63. What type of piece was the Messiah?
64. Describe the content, texture, and form of the recitative and aria of the Messiah.
65. Describe the content and texture of the Hallelujah Chorus of the Messiah.
66. Where did Handel spend his career?
67. Describe the initial connection that Handel and Bach had.
68. What type of works did Handel mostly compose?
1. Opera
2. Da capo aria
3. Opera seria
4. Homophony
5. Basso continuo
6. Recitative
7. Overture
8. French overture
9. Aria
10. Ostinato
11. Ground bass/ground
12. Chamber music
13. Refrain
14. Trio-sonata texture
15. Concerto
16. Tutti
17. Ritornello
18. Ritornello principle
19. Concerto grosso
20. Modulate
21. Fugue
22. Fugal exposition
23. Polyphonic
24. Melismatic
25. Tonic
26. Middle entries
27. Episode
28. Oratorio
29. Program music
30. Song
31. Claudio Monteverdi
32. Italy
33. Greek myth: Tells story of when Orpheus (musician) learns of his wife’s death by
serpent; he can fetch her from the underworld for one night as long as he does not look
back, but he does, and he loses her forever
34. Homophonic with polyphonic chorus
35. Basso continuo
36. Monteverdi
37. Henry Purcell
38. England
39. Aeneas is a refugee of Troy has fallen to Greeks and Trojan Horse. He is on his way to
the Italian Peninsula to establish the capital city of Rome for the gods. Dido and Aeneas
fall in love, but the gods order Aeneas to leave, and Dido dies.
40. Ahead of its time in a country that didn’t fully appreciate opera; could have been
offensive to the crown
41. Barbara Strozzi
42. Italy
43. Secular song about a lover’s thirst for revenge
44. Chamber music
45. Trio-sonata
46. She was basically a Baroque feminist. She attended meetings that did not usually include
women; she created many pieces over her life without a professional position in music or
support from others
47. Antonio Vivaldi
48. Venice, Italy
49. Concerto
50. Ritornello Principle
51. Vivaldi; had red-hair and was ordained
52. Music director of an orphanage for girls
53. Johann Sebastian Bach
54. Brandenburg, Germany
55. Concerto grosso
56. Fugue
57. Ritornello principle
58. Trumpet, violin, oboe, recorder
59. Bach wrote whatever music his job required at the time. He wrote organ works, orchestral
music, cantatas, but never operas (because his jobs never required it).
60. He had 20 kids- 10 lived to adulthood, and several were composers as well (Carl Philipp
Emanuel Bach, Johann Christian Bach “London Bach”, Wilhelm Friedemann Bach)
61. George Frideric Handel
62. Protestant London, England
63. Oratorio
64. Psalm 2:9, violence; homophonic texture; ritornello principle
65. Revelations; four large sections (ABCD) with repetition; monophony, homophony,
polyphony
66. Traveled widely through Europe: Italy, Germany, England
67. They were born a month apart and 100 miles apart, never met, moved to different places
68. Operas and oratorios