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&') ⋯ &'$
&''
&('
&'(
&(( &() ⋯ &($ Operaciones con matrices
!"#$ =
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮
&"' &"( &") ⋯ &"$ Producto matriz-escalar
m= fila
n= renglon ℝ ∗ &'' ℝ ∗ &'( ℝ ∗ &') ⋯ ℝ ∗ &'$
Traza ℝ ∗ &(' ℝ ∗ &(( ℝ ∗ &() ⋯ ℝ ∗ &($
ℝ ∗ !"$ =
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮
Tr(!"$ ) = &'' + &(( + &))… + &"$ ℝ ∗ &"' ℝ ∗ &"( ℝ ∗ &") ⋯ ℝ ∗ &"$
(.66 ∗ 466 + .68 ∗ 486 + ⋯ + .6+ ∗ 4+6 ) (.66 ∗ 468 + .68 ∗ 488 ⋯ + .6+ ∗ 4+8 ) ⋯ (.66 ∗ 46# + .68 ∗ 48# + ⋯ + .6+ ∗ 4+# )
(.86 ∗ 466 + .88 ∗ 486 + ⋯ + .8+ ∗ 4+6 ) (.86 ∗ 468 + .88 ∗ 488 ⋯ + .8+ ∗ 4+8 ) ⋯ (.86 ∗ 46# + .88 ∗ 48# + ⋯ + .8+ ∗ 4+# )
!"+ ∗ %+# =
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮
(."6 ∗ 466 + ."8 ∗ 486 + ⋯ + ."+ ∗ 4+6 ) (."6 ∗ 468 + ."8 ∗ 488 ⋯ + ."+ ∗ 4+8 ) ⋯ (."6 ∗ 46# + ."8 ∗ 48# + ⋯ + ."+ ∗ 4+# )
(.66 ∗ .66 + .68 ∗ .86 + ⋯ + .6+ ∗ .+6 ) (.66 ∗ .68 + .68 ∗ .88 ⋯ + .6+ ∗ .+8 ) ⋯ (.66 ∗ .6# + .68 ∗ .8# + ⋯ + .6+ ∗ .+# )
(.86 ∗ . + .88 ∗ .86 + ⋯ + .8+ ∗ .+6 ) (.86 ∗ . + .88 ∗ .88 ⋯ + .8+ ∗ .+8 ) ⋯ (.86 ∗ .6# + .88 ∗ .8# + ⋯ + .8+ ∗ .+# )
!8"# = !"# ∗ !"# =
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮
(."6 ∗ .66 + ."8 ∗ .86 + ⋯ + ."+ ∗ .+6 ) (."6 ∗ .68 + ."8 ∗ .88 ⋯ + ."+ ∗ .+8 ) ⋯ (."6 ∗ .6# + ."8 ∗ .8# + ⋯ + ."+ ∗ .+# )
Columna Nula o cero Triangular superior Triangular inferior
Clasificacion $"" 0 0 ⋯ 0
ℝ" ℝ, ℝ- ℝ" 0 0
$ !'# = 0 0 ⋯ 0
!'" = %" ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮
!'# = 0 ℝ% ℝ. !'# = ℝ, ℝ% 0
Renglon ⋮ 0 0 ⋯ 0
ℝ- ℝ. ℝ/
$'" 0 0 ℝ/
!"# = $"" $"% ⋯ $"# ℝ- diagonal principal
Propiedades
a) (!3"# )3 = !
b) (!"# ± 7"# )3 = !3"# ± 7"#
3
ℝ/ ℝ0 ℝ1
Matriz simetrica (" #$% = " '#$% ) ⟹ " #$% = *+, + *'+, = ℝ0 ℝ2 ℝ3
ℝ1 ℝ3 ℝ4
ℝ/ , ℝ2 , ℝ4 ,… ℝ+, 789:;<9=>
Matriz escalonada
1- pivotes
1 ℝ' ℝ( ~,-./01. 1; 3' Matriz escalonada reducida
!"# = 0 1 ℝ* ~,-./01. 2; 3(
0 0 1 ~,-./01. 3; 3* 1 0 0
!"# = 0 1 0
0 0 1
Matriz inversa
ℝ& ℝ' ℝ( ⋮ 1 0 0 1 0 0⋮ ℝ´& ℝ´' ℝ´(
?&
!"# = ℝ) ℝ* ℝ+ ⋮ 0 1 0 ⇛ 01234560728 292:27;4928 <2 :4;36528 ⇛ 0 1 0⋮ ℝ´) ℝ´* ℝ´+
ℝ, ℝ- ℝ. ⋮ 0 0 1 0 0 1⋮ ℝ´, ℝ´- ℝ´.
1 0 0
∴ !"# ∗ !"# ?& = 0 1 0
0 0 1
Determinantes
ℝ& ℝ' ℝ( ℝ& ℝ' ℝ(
!"# = ℝ) ℝ* ℝ+ ⟹ !"# = ℝ) ℝ* ℝ+ = ((ℝ&* ℝ** ℝ.) + (ℝ'* ℝ+* ℝ,) + (ℝ(∗ ℝ)∗ ℝ-)) − ((ℝ, * ℝ* * ℝ( ) + (ℝ- ∗ ℝ+ ∗ ℝ& ) + (ℝ. ∗ ℝ) ∗ ℝ' )) = 5
ℝ, ℝ- ℝ. ℝ, ℝ- ℝ.
ℝ ℝ- ℝ ℝ* ℝ ℝ*
+ , − ) + )
ℝ/ ℝ0 ℝ/ ℝ0 ℝ, ℝ-
Sistemas de ecuaciones lineales
!"" #" + !"% #% + ⋯ + !"' #' = )"
!%" #" + !%% #% + ⋯ + !%' #' = )%
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮
!+" #" + !+% #% + ⋯ + !+' #' = )+
Producto escalar-vector⇒ 0 = 02 , 0, ∈ !, ; k ∈ ℝ ∴ 9 ∗ 0 = 9 ∗ 02 , 9 ∗ 0,
Distancia entre dos puntos ⇒ = = '2 , ', , > = ?2 , ?, ∈ ! , ∴ @AB = '2 − ?2 , + ', − ?, ,
JKL
Angulo entre vectores ⇒ 0 = 02 , 0, , ; = ;2 , ;, ∈ ! , ∴ E = cosI2
J L
,
Producto escalar ⇒ 0 = 02 , 0, , ; = ;2 , ;, ∈ ! ∴ 0 K ; = 02 ∗ ;2 + 0, ∗ ;,
Vectores paralelos ⇒ 0 = 02 , 0, , ; = ;2 , ;, ∈ ! , ∴ 0 ∥ ; %) 0 = 9 ∗ ; ó ; = 9 ∗ 0
J
Vector unitario ⇒ 0 = 02 , 0, ∈ ! , ∴ 0J =
J
Vectores ortogonales(0 K ; = 0) ⇒ 0 = 02 , 0, , ; = ;2 , ;, ∈ ! , ∴ 0 K ; = 02 ∗ ;2 + 0, ∗ ;, = 0
J
Vector pedido (0P ) ⇒ 0 = 02 , 0, ∈ ! , ∴ 0P = 0J ∗ 0 = J
* 0