Examples 09/29/2004

Example 1:

Just upstream of a shock wave, the air temperature and the pressure are 288K and 1atm,

respectively; just downstream of the wave, the air temperature and pressure are 690K and

8.656atm, respectively.

Calculate the changes of enthalpy, internal energy, and entropy cross the wave.

Answer:

γR (1.4)(287) joule
c = = = 1004.5
p
γ −1 1.4 − 1 kgK
R 287 joule
c = = = 717.5
v
γ − 1 1.4 − 1 kgK
joule
h − h = c (T − T ) = (1004.5)(690 − 288) = 4.038 × 10 5

kg
2 1 p 2 1

joule
e − e = c (T − T ) = (717.5)(690 − 288) = 2.884 × 10 5

kg
2 1 v 2 1

T p 690 8.656
s − s = c ln − R ln = (1004.5) ln
2 2
− ( 287) ln
T p 288 1
2 1 p

1 1

joule
= 258.2
kgK
Example 2:

Consider a point in a flow where the velocity and temperature are 1300 ft/s and 480 ºR

respectively.

Calculate the total enthalpy at this point.

Answer:

γR (1.4)(1716) ft.lb
c = = = 6006
p
γ −1 0.4 slug .° R
V 2
V (1300)
2 2

h = h+ =cT+ = (6006)(480) +
2 2 2
0 p

ft ⋅ lb
= 3.728 × 10 6

slug
Example 3:

In the reservoir of a supersonic wind tunnel, the velocity is negligible, and the

temperature is 1000K. The temperature at the nozzle exit is 600K. Assuming adiabatic

flow through the nozzle,

calculate the velocity at the exit.

Answer:

In the reservoir of the supersonic wind tunnel, the velocity is very close to zero. We can

assume the flow is stationary.

Let (h0)res=total enthalpy of the reservoir = c (T )

p 0 res

V
2

(h ) =total enthalpy at the exit= c T +

e
0 e
2
p e
For an adiabatic flow, h0=constant. Hence

(h ) = (h )
0 res 0 e

V 2

c (T ) = c T + e

2
p 0 res p e

V = 2c [(T ) − T ] = 2(1004.5)(1000 − 600)

e p 0 res e

= 896.4m / s