Remote Sensing

Remote Sensing

Sun-synchronous orbits Geostationary orbits

LANDSAT Weather and communications

SPOT satellites commonly have these types
IRS of orbits.
ASTER METEOSAT
ERS GOES
JERS Telecom Sat.
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Landsat

• Landsat 1: originally named ERTS-1 (Earth Resources Technology Satellite

1), launched 1972, terminated 1978
• Landsat 2: launched 1975, terminated 1981
• Landsat 3: launched 1978, terminated 1983
• Landsat 4: launched 1982, terminated 1993
• Landsat 5: launched 1984, still functioning but severe problems since
November 2011. Will be terminated
• Landsat 6: launched 1993, failed to reach orbit
• Landsat 7: launched 1999, still functioning, but with faulty scan line
corrector
• Landsat 8: Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) launched February 11,
2013. Turned over to USGS and renamed Landsat 8
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Landsat
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Landsat 1 to 5 - TM

Spectral Band Wavelength Resolution

Band 1 - Blue 0.45 - 0.52 µm 30 m
Band 2 - Green 0.52 - 0.60 µm 30 m
Band 3 - Red 0.63 - 0.69 µm 30 m
Band 4 - Near Infrared 0.76 - 0.90 µm 30 m
Band 5 - Short Wavelength Infrared 1.55 - 1.75 µm 30 m
Band 6 - Long Wavelength Infrared 10.40 – 12.50 µm 60 m
Band 7 - Short Wavelength Infrared 2.08 – 2.35 µm 30 m
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Landsat 7 - ETM

Spectral Band Wavelength Resolution

Band 1 - Blue 0.45 - 0.52 µm 30 m
Band 2 - Green 0.52 - 0.60 µm 30 m
Band 3 - Red 0.63 - 0.69 µm 30 m
Band 4 - Near Infrared 0.77 - 0.90 µm 30 m
Band 5 - Short Wavelength Infrared 1.55 - 1.75 µm 30 m
Band 6 - Long Wavelength Infrared 10.40 – 12.50 µm 60 m
Band 7 - Short Wavelength Infrared 2.08 – 2.35 µm 30 m
Band 8 - Panchromatic 0.52 - 0.90 µm 15 m
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Landsat 8 - OLI & TIRS

Spectral Band Wavelength Resolution

Band 1 - Coastal / Aerosol 0.43 - 0.45 µm 30 m
Band 2 - Blue 0.45 - 0.51 µm 30 m
Band 3 - Green 0.53 - 0.59 µm 30 m
Band 4 - Red 0.64 - 0.67 µm 30 m
Band 5 - Near Infrared 0.85 - 0.88 µm 30 m
Band 6 - Short Wavelength Infrared 1.57 - 1.65 µm 30 m
Band 7 - Short Wavelength Infrared 2.11 - 2.29 µm 30 m
Band 8 - Panchromatic 0.50 - 0.68 µm 15 m
Band 9 - Cirrus 1.36 - 1.38 µm 30 m
Band 10 - Long Wavelength Infrared 10.60 - 11.19 µm 100 m
Band 11 - Long Wavelength Infrared 11.50 - 12.51 µm 100 m
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Remote Sensing

SPOT

• SPOT 1: launched 1986, terminated 1990

• SPOT 2: launched 1990, terminated 2009
• SPOT 3: launched 1993, stopped functioning 1997
• SPOT 4: launched 1998, stopped functioning 2013
• SPOT 5: launched 2002
• SPOT 6: launched 2012
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SPOT
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SPOT

Spectral Band SPOT 5 SPOT 6

Panchromatic 5m 0.48 - 0.71 µm 1.5 m 0.45-0.75 µm

Blue 6m 0.40-0.52 µm

Green 10 m 0.50 - 0.59 µm 6m 0.53-0.59 µm

Red 10 m 0.61 - 0.68 µm 6m 0.62-0.69 µm

Near Infrared 10 m 0.78 - 0.89 µm 6m 0.76-0.89 µm

Mid Infrared 20 m 1.58 - 1.75 µm

Price: ~ 2700 € / scene

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SPOT

Spectral Band SPOT 4 & 5 VEGETATION

Blue ~1 km 0.43 - 0.47 µm

Red ~1 km 0.61 - 0.68 µm

Near Infrared ~1 km 0.78 - 0.89 µm

Mid Infrared ~1 km 1.58 - 1.75 µm

You can buy primary products or synthesis product (e.g. S10)

Price is ~35 Euros / million of km2
S10 older than three months are now available for free
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ASTER
Band Wavelength (µm) Resolution (m) Description
VNIR_Band1 0.520–0.600 15 Nadir Green
VNIR_Band2 0.630–0.690 15 Nadir Red
VNIR_Band3N 0.760–0.860 15 Nadir
Near infrared
VNIR_Band3B 0.760–0.860 15 Backward
SWIR_Band4 1.600–1.700 30 Nadir
SWIR_Band5 2.145–2.185 30 Nadir
SWIR_Band6 2.185–2.225 30 Nadir
Short-wave infrared
SWIR_Band7 2.235–2.285 30 Nadir
SWIR_Band8 2.295–2.365 30 Nadir
SWIR_Band9 2.360–2.430 30 Nadir
TIR_Band10 8.125–8.475 90 Nadir
TIR_Band11 8.475–8.825 90 Nadir
TIR_Band12 8.925–9.275 90 Nadir Long-wave infrared
TIR_Band13 10.250–10.950 90 Nadir
TIR_Band14 10.950–11.650 90 Nadir
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ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM)

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ASTER vs. Landsat ETM

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High Resolution Satellites

• GeoEye (US)
– Ikonos
– OrbView
– GeoEye
• DigitalGlobe (US)
– QuickBird
– WorldView
• Astrium (EU/France)
– Pléiades
• BlackBridge (Germany)
– RapidEye
• ImageSat (Israel)
– EROS A & B
• etc. etc.
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Example: GeoEye

Band Wavelength Resolution

Panchromatic 0.45 - 0.80 μm 50 cm
Blue 0.45 - 0.51 μm 2m
Green 0.51 - 0.58 μm 2m
Red 0.65 - 0.69 μm 2m
Near Infrared 0.78 - 0.92 μm 2m
Remote Sensing

• USGS EarthExplorer
– http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov
• USGS Global Visualization Viewer
– http://glovis.usgs.gov
• Global Land Cover Facility (GLCF)
– http://glcf.umd.edu
• ITC's database of Satellites and Sensors
– http://www.itc.nl/research/products/sensordb/
AllSatellites.aspx