The moon, the watching witching moon
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About this ebook
Read all about it here, the first integrated account of the moon’s art and science, in a beautifully read entrancing work by the Irish naturalist David Campbell Callender speaking through the voice of his granddaughter, Ruth Finnegan.
And then, the watching witching moon is just - so beautiful.
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Book preview
The moon, the watching witching moon - David Campbell Callender
The moon, the watching witching moon
David Campbell Callender
THE MOON
2022
CALLENDER NATURE
ISBN 978-1-4710-4726-8
Callender Press ebook
Old Bletchley
www.callenderpress.co.uk
God made two great lights--the greater light to govern the day and the lesser light to govern the night
(Biblical Book of Genesis)
"If you shoot for the stars and hit the moon, it's okay. But you've got to shoot for something.
Many people don't ever shoot" (Confucius)
If you want the moon, do not hide from the night. If you want a rose, do not run from the thorns. If you want love, do not hide from yourself
(Rumi)
CONTENTS
Remembering
The fascination of the moon
The moon’s physical nature and her human impact
Where did the moon come from?
Human lunar intrusions
The moon’s art and inspiration
The proverb-creating moon
Her romance and mythology
Oh wild, mad, witching moon
Our spiritual, unconscious, healing moon
Farewell and hail, oh great moon
Appendices
Further science for those who want
More moon sayings
More poems and tales
Acknowledgements and references
Questions for thought and action
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Hearing Others’ Voices
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Remembering
I remember when I was a child climbing over the rocks, no road then, up to our place in Donegal. No street lights there, no road, no electricity.
The light of the moon was our saving. We could see where we would go, where to place our hands on the rocks, and hold..
Under the full moon, all the little rabbits would come out of their burrows and play in the sand and the grass. The ants scuttled around and even the birds, not just the night birds, the owls, but the other birds would raise their heads from their nests and look out, and the little chicks open their beaks for food (the worms were hiding under the ground, they didn't like the early birds or the moonlight that brought them out in the early dawn).
Ever since then, like my mother before me and her mother"s mother too I always know the phases of the moon (there is no need for city dwellers to know, they live by other, contaminating, lights)
I knew the beautiful crescent,
a line in the sky, enchanted, entrancing, almost too slim to see.
And then the magically growing crescent, night by night, and again and again, increasing its presence and inspiration. And the half moon growing and grown into the full and the great spring and ebb tides that the moon draws across our world. Then slowly fainting, fading, the light going out over Africa, over the Pacific, over the islands, drawing the earth under the darkness and all people iwithin its light and dark.
Yes, that moon-dark when the witches roam. But my mother said they are abroad all the time, within us, in the dark, sudden and slow, of the moon. We need to watch for them.
Where did she come from? Carved somehow from the Pacific Ocean ( they seemed to march)? Captured as she past?
I had no idea - but I had to wonder,
To me the moon feels both close, so she is she
and personal, and far distant - a neuter and with a capital letter, an object, for us to revere, scientists to study, far off in the sky. So please dear reader forgive my inconsistencies in gender and spellings. They reflect the fluid ambiguity of the moon,
And all the time whether we are aware of it or not, the ever-recycling moon, serene in the sky, is watching and entrancing us.
The nature, fascination and human impact of the moon
Made of green cheese? Home of the Man-In-The- ? ? Fiddled into existence by a leaping cow?
Well maybe not - though with a mysterious object like moon, who knows? But certainly it has always intrigued human beings.
Here for example is one of the earliest depictions (a map
?) we have of the moon, the Neolithic carving in Knowth, Ireland with its close resemblance to a naked-eye view of the moon.
There are many others too, both images and speculations, throughout history, for the moon, as she does still, has always fascinated.
Studying the moon’s cycles was in fact already a key interest of ancient astronomy. In the 5th century BC, Babylonian astronomers had recorded the 18-year Saros cycle of lunar eclipses,and Indian astronomers had described the Moon's monthly elongation.
The Chinese astronomer Shi Shen (4th century BC) gave instructions for predicting solar and lunar eclipses. The physical form of the Moon and the cause of moonlight we’re also studied. Thus the ancient Greek philosopher Anaxagoras (5th century BC) reasoned that the sun and moon were giant spherical rocks, and that the moon reflected the light of the sun. The Han Dynasty Chinese equated the moon with qi energy, but they too recognised that the moon’s light was merely a reflection of the sun while Jing Fangt (78–37 BC) noted the sphericity of the moon.
In Aristotle's (384–322 BC) description of the universe, the moon marked the boundary between the spheres of the mutable elements (earth, water, air and fire), and the imperishable stars of aether, an influential philosophy that would dominate for centuries. However, in the 2nd century BC Seleucus of Seleucia correctly concluded that tides were due to the attraction of the moon, and that their height depended on the Moon's position relative to the sun In the same century, Aristarchus computed the size and distance of the moon from earth, improved by Ptolemy (90–168 AD): his values of a mean distance of 59 times earth radius and a diameter of 0.292 Earth diameters were close to the correct values of about 60 and 0.273 respectively. Archimedes (287–212 BC) even designed a planetarium that could calculate the motions of the Moon and other objects in the Solar System.
During the Middle Ages, before the invention of the telescope, the moon was increasingly recognised as a sphere, though many believed that it was perfectly smooth
.
.
Galileo's sketches of the Moon (Sidereus Nuncius)
In 1609, Galileo Galilei made one of the first telescopic drawings of the Moon in his book Sidereus Nuncius and noted that far from being smooth it had mountains and craters.
Map of the Moon by Johannes Hevelius from his Selenographia, 1647
The Moon in Robert Hooke's Micrographia, 1665
And then there came Hooke’s map - the first representation of a limited area on the Moon's surface (the crater known as Hipparchus). Through this early use of the telescope Hooke was able to give an admirable, realistic, depiction in a realistic manner, going beyond the limits of earlier cartography.
More detailed telescopic mapping followed. By the 17th century, Giovanni Battista Riccioli and Francesco Maria Grimaldi were developing the system of naming lunar features we use today. The more exact 1834–36 Mappa Selenographica of Wilhelm Beer and Johann Heinrich Mädler, and their associated 1837 book Der Mond, the first trigonometrically accurate study of lunar features, included the heights of more than a thousand mountains, and, remarkably, introduced the study of the moon at accuracies possible in earthly geography.
Lunar craters, first noted by Galileo, were thought to be volcanic until Richard Proctor’s 1870s idea that they were formed by collisions, a proposal that soon gathered support from both late nineteenth-century experimentation and from comparative studies from 1920 to the 1940s. This led into led the development of lunar stratigraphy, which by the 1950s was becoming a new and growing branch of astrogeology.
So after all these necessarily foundational - and impressive - studies by early astronomers it can be seen that our detailed knowledge of the moon, made possible