REVIEWER IN INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH CARE
CONCEPT OF HEALTH, WELLNESS, AND ILLNESS
HEALTH
 Traditionally, health was defined in
terms of the presence or absence of
disease
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE
 Health is a state of being well and using
every power the individual possess to
the fullest extent
 Was taking care of soldiers during
Crimean Period
 “Lady with a Lamp”
 Matriarch of the nursing possession
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
 Health is a state of complete, physical,
mental and social well-being, and not
merely the absence of disease or
infirmity
 Gave the most accepted definition
 Mentally healthy: ability to face reality
AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION
 Health is a dynamic state of being in
which the developmental
behavioural potential of an individual is
realized to the fullest extent possible
HEALTH IS ALSO DEFINED AS:
 Being free from symptoms of disease
and pain as much as possible
 Being able to be active and to do what
they want or must
 Being in good spirits most of the time
WELLNESS
 Is an active process by which an
individual progresses towards
maximum potential possible, regardless
of current state of health
 Only the person can say if he/she is well
or not as wellness is subjective while
health is objective.
 Objective because there are indicators
or parameters to be used
SEVEN COMPONENTS OF WELLNESS
1. PHYSICAL
 The ability to carry out daily tasks,
achieve fitness, maintain adequate
nutrition and proper body fat, avoid
abusing drugs and alcohol
2. SOCIAL
 The ability to interact successfully with
people and within the environment of
which each person is a part, to develop
and maintain intimacy with significant
others, and to develop respect and
tolerance for those with different
opinions and beliefs
3. EMOTIONAL
 The ability to manage stress and to
express emotions properly
 It involves ability to recognize, accept,
and
and express feelings and to accept
one’s limitations
 Intellectualization and rationalization
are examples of defense mechanisms
 If you keep on doing defense
mechanisms, you’ll be maladaptive
 Maladaptive: a pattern or behaviour
unable to adapt with changes
4. INTELLECTUAL
 The ability to learn and use information
effectively for personal, family, and
career development
 Involves striving for continued growth
and learning to deal with new
challenges effectively
5. SPIRITUAL
 The belief in some force (nature, religion or
higher power) that senses to unite human
beings and provide meaning and purposes
to life
 Includes a person’s own morals, values, and
ethics
6. OCCUPATIONAL
 The ability to achieve a balance between
study/work and leisure time
 Includes a person’s personal satisfaction
and relationship with others
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
 The ability to promote health measures that
improve the standard of living and quality
of life in the community
 Includes influences such as food, water, and
air
WELLNESS INVOLVES WRITING ON
ASPECTS OF THE MODEL
ILLNESS
 Is a highly personal state in which the
person’s emotional, intellectual, social,
developmental or spiritual functioning is
thought to be diminished
TWO MAJOR CLASSIFICATIONS OF ILLNESS
1. ACUTE ILLNESS
 A description in functional ability usually
characterized by a rapid onset, intense
manifestations, and a relatively short
duration
 Are usually reversible
 Ex. Influenza, sore throat, diarrhea, STD,
most communicable diseases
2. CHRONIC ILLNESS
 A disruption in functional ability usually
characterized by a gradual onset with
lifelong changes that are usually irreversible
 Lasts a long time, frequently throughout the
individual’s life
 Ex. Arthritis, hypertension, diabetes, cancer,
anemia, Parkinson’s, System Lupus
Erythematosus
 Erythematosus: own immune system
attacks your antibodes
 Erythema – redness
DOPAMINE
 Neurotransmitter: chemical messengers
(excitatory/inhibitory)
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHRONIC ILLNESS
A. REMISSION
 Period during which the disease is
controlled and symptoms are not
obvious
 Disappearance of signs and
symptoms
B. EXACERBATION
ALL  The disease becomes more active
again at a future time with recurrence
of pronounced symptoms
 Worsening
DISEASE
 Can be described as an alteration in
body functions resulting in a reduction
of capacities or shortening of the
normal life span
 Is a pathologic change in the structure
or function of the body/mind
HEALTH STATUS
 State of health of an individual at a
given time
 Reflected by blood pressure, respiratory
rate lab tests, body temperature,
oxygen saturation, etc.
HEALTH BELIEFS
 Concepts about health that an
individual beliefs without scientific basis
  Sleeping with wet hair causes blindness,  One that possesses the potential for
eating a well-balanced diet makes a producing injury or disease (e.g.
person healthy Stretococcus)
HEALTH BELIEFS
 The actions that people take to
understand their health state, maintain
an optimal level of health, prevent
illness and injury and reach their
maximum physical and mental health
potential
 Exercising everyday, sleeping at least
eight hours a day
RISK FACTORS
 Conditions or factors that increases the
tendency or possibility of a person
having a disease or being ill
RISK FACTORS OF A DISEASE
 Genetic and Physiological Factors
(non-modifiable)
 Age (non-modifiable)
 Environment (modifiable)
 Lifestyle (modifiable)
MORBIDITY
 Condition of being diseased
MORBIDITY RATE
 The proportion of disease to health in a
community
MORTALITY RATE
 Condition or quality of being subject to
death
EPIDEMIOLOGY
 Study of patterns of health and disease,
its occurrence and distribution on man,
for the purpose of control and
prevention of disease
SUSCEPTIBILITY
 The degree of resistance in the
potential host has against the pathogen
ETHIOLOGIST AGENT
 Disease-carrying microorganisms