Case Study - 350 residential units in central London

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

 Part L & The London Plan

The London Plan

CO2 -35% CE

CO2 -25% CE

Building Regs

Part L 2013
Part L requires a 25% reduction
on L 2013 Carbon Emissions targets

The London Plan requires a 35% reduction

on Part L 2013 Carbon Emissions targets

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

 CO2 Reduction Hierarchy

3. Renewable energy
On site/Off site
CHP be green

2. Low/Zero Carbon
systems be clean

1. Passive Building
Fabric efficiency

be lean
Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’
 CO2 Reduction Hierarchy

IS COMPLIANCE POSSIBLE
WITHOUT THE USE OF
RENEWABLES?
3. Renewable energy
On site/Off site
CHP be green

2. Low/Zero Carbon
systems be clean

1. Passive Building
Fabric efficiency

be lean
Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’
 Part L & The London Plan – SAP rating (CO2 Kg/m2 per year)

CO2 London Plan target not met -35% CE

Part L 2013
-25% CE
CO2 Building Regs target met -25% CE

SAP

CO2 emission rating: 9.25 Kg/m2 per year

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

 Integrated design approach

• Passive design
– Solar access, Daylighting, Compact forms, etc.
• Integrated Winter Gardens
• Whole house Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery
• Indoor Environmental Quality / Controls
• District System - CHP

Passive design Whole house IEQ Community

Winter Gardens
dynamic simulation considers MVHR Controls System

the interactions between different aspects

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

 Part L & The London Plan – DSM (CO2 Kg/m2 per year)

CO2 London Plan target met -35% CE

Part L 2013
CO2 Building Regs target met -25% CE

DSM

CO2 emission rating: 7.7 Kg/m2 per year

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

 Methodologies comparison (CO2 Kg/m2 per year)

Part L 2013

SAP: -26%

DSM: -39%

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

Typical space heating demand to meet Building Regulations in UK dwellings

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

 Comparing heating demand using SAP and DSM

Annual energy demand per m2

SAP worksheet DSM simulation

33.6 kWh/m2.yr DIFFERENCE 6.75 kWh/m2.yr

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

 HLM comprehensive simulation environment

Modelling HVAC Systems

Passive Design

Energy Design
& Assessment
Quality Controls

Natural Ventilation Light & Daylight

LCC
LCA
CFD Airflows
Life Cycle Costing
Life Cycle Analysis

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

 Architectural design at the basis for good performance

• Passive design
• Solar access, Daylighting, Compact forms, etc.

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

 Exploring the interaction among specific aspects

Modelling HVAC Systems

Passive Design

Energy Design
& Assessment
Quality Controls

LCC
LCA
Natural Ventilation Light & Daylight

CFD Airflows
Life Cycle Costing
Life Cycle Analysis

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

 Winter gardens & the dynamic envelope

• Additional living spaces

• Air Quality improvement and control
• Thermal comfort
• Free Heating/Cooling
• Improved air tightness
• Reduced energy demand
• Versatility. Dynamic envelope
• Daylighting and improved solar control
• Noise control

(OPEN) (CLOSE)

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

 Mechanical Ventilation system
Used air
Exhaust
Heat
recovery
Fresh Air
inlet

Mechanical ventilation with Heat Recovery:

• Simplified controls
• A minimum flow rate is constantly provided
• Higher ventilation rates for peak hours are
programmed or based on CO2 sensor
automation

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

 Simulating natural ventilation
3 main types of openings:
• Standard windows
• Winter Garden windows
• Internal windows in the Winter Gardens

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

 Simulating Mechanical Ventilation
ApacheHVAC
MVHR operating when outdoor DBT is lower than 16°C

Fresh air in let

Rooms
Winter
Garden

Mech ventilation
scheme for every unit
with different conditions Extract HR+Fan for Vent Axia Sentinel MVHR unit

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

 Interaction between Winter Gardens and the MVHR

Controls:
1) Fresh air inlet
2) Winter garden Pre Conditioning
Air quality is maintained at high
levels, whilst the ventilation rates 3) HRU Transfer heat from used air to fresh air
can be modulated to the actual 4) Fresh Air supplied to rooms
need 5) Used air extracted through HRU
6) Exhaust

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

 Temperature Sequence – sample day:12 Feb
Internal gains
Solar gains

0:00 12:00 24:00

Outdoor DBT °C Winter Garden Heat Recovery Indoor T °C

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

 Understanding performance distribution
Different performance due to different
aspect / exposures in Winter Gardens

Level 1 - Flat 06 Level 4 - Flat 20

0:00 12:00 24:00 0:00 12:00 24:00

Level 2 - Flat 21

0:00 12:00 24:00

Outdoor DBT °C Heat Recovery

Winter Garden Indoor T

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

 F01 F02 F03 F04 F05 F06 F07 F08 TOTAL D01 D02 D03 D04 D05 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11
Level 0 73 116 86 87 85 106 90 80 723 45 48 48 60 54 35 38 36 38 38 39 1202 1758.8 2130 556.8

Using dynamic data for optimisation

Jan 01-31
Feb 01-28
Mar 01-31
18.17534 7.4431

0.2823
0.2336
0.1701
0.188
0.1534
0.1051
9.48953 9.2448 9.14118 8.0943 9.07

0.178
0.1434
0.0995
0.1747
0.1407
0.0993
0.1673
0.1351
0.0969
0.1915
0.1448
0.1006
0.1771
0.1427
0.0987
9.97125 9.764315 12.3111 5.63125 5.63958 13.01

0.1721
0.1409
0.0985
0.1169
0.0965
0.0713
0.0619
0.0493
0.0301
0.0621
0.0493
0.0301
0.1675
0.1374
0.0972
14.8315 7.6

0.1747
0.1422
0.0989
0.0601
0.0476
0.0294
6.87895 7.08333 7.04211 6.82895 6.97179

0.0587
0.0467
0.0291
0.0574
0.0458
0.0288
0.0584
0.0465
0.0292
0.0602
0.0482
0.03
0.049
0.0304
9.416 6.435
0.061 11317.5

Apr 01-30 0.1374 0.0795 0.078 0.079 0.078 0.0796 0.0782 0.0776 0.0586 0.0216 0.0217 0.0785 0.0784 0.0214 0.0214 0.0213 0.0214 0.0221 0.0224
May 01-31 0.0065 0.0054 0.0046 0.0042 0.0043 0.0056 0.0051 0.0044 0.0025 0.0014 0.0013 0.0043 0.0033 0.0019 0.0019 0.0016 0.0017 0.0018 0.0019
Jun 01-30 0.0033 0.0031 0.0025 0.0024 0.0025 0.0035 0.0032 0.0026 0.0011 0.0012 0.0013 0.0026 0.0019 0.0018 0.0018 0.0014 0.0016 0.0017 0.0018
Jul 01-31 0.004 0.0033 0.0029 0.0028 0.0029 0.0039 0.0036 0.003 0.0014 0.0013 0.0014 0.003 0.0022 0.002 0.0019 0.0016 0.0017 0.0018 0.0019
Aug 01-31 0.0025 0.0029 0.0023 0.0022 0.0024 0.0033 0.003 0.0024 0.0011 0.001 0.001 0.0023 0.0017 0.0016 0.0016 0.0012 0.0013 0.0014 0.0015
Sep 01-30 0.0021 0.0024 0.0024 0.0022 0.0023 0.0031 0.0028 0.0023 0.0009 0.0011 0.001 0.002 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0013 0.0014 0.0015 0.0016
Oct 01-31 0.0024 0.0027 0.0024 0.0025 0.0027 0.0037 0.0027 0.0024 0.0009 0.0014 0.0012 0.0024 0.0015 0.0016 0.0017 0.0016 0.0017 0.0017 0.0018

Earlier design stage Nov 01-30

Dec 01-31
Summed total
0.2009
0.2817
1.3268
0.1283
0.1893
0.8634
0.1221
0.1779
0.8161
0.1199
0.1744
0.8043
0.1162
0.1663
0.777
0.1281
0.1903
0.858
0.1225
0.1769
0.8163
0.1194
0.1719
0.7977 7.0596
0.0859
0.1169
0.554
0.0378
0.0622
0.2703
0.0381
0.0623
0.2707
0.1173
0.1662
0.7806
0.1211
0.1735
0.8009
0.0371
0.0601
0.266
0.0364
0.0587
0.2614
0.0355
0.0575
0.255
0.036
0.0586
0.2595
0.0371
0.0603
0.2676
0.0375
0.0611
0.2719 11.3175

Level 1
Simulation Flats F01 F02 F03 F04 F05 F06 F07 F08 F09 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 F16 F17 F18 F19 F20 F21 F22 F23 F24 F25 FA01
75 80 55 55 75 55 55 57 55 76 106 78 61 58 55 66 57 57 55 75 57 57 55 76 58 44 1653 1915.2

10.368 9.92625 13.6909 14.133 10.2107 13.571 13.5436 13.1965 13.54364 16.2855 16.5075 15.5231 12.3541 20.6017 21.6964 17.7424 12.8614 13.0035 14.0964 10.0747 13.1614 13.22632 13.89273 10.04474 13.47069 29.10909 14.2 12.25

Level 4 – Phase 1. Jan 01-31

Feb 01-28
0.1667
0.1362
0.1724
0.1404
0.161
0.1322
0.1678
0.1369
0.1643
0.1345
0.1591
0.1309
0.1591
0.1305
0.1617
0.1313
0.1595
0.1307
0.2617
0.2147
0.361
0.3011
0.2565
0.2114
0.1611
0.1318
0.2522
0.2076
0.2528
0.2083
0.249
0.2026
0.157
0.1276
0.1585
0.1286
0.167
0.1355
0.1633
0.1311
0.1605
0.1309
0.16
0.131
0.1653
0.1348
0.1642
0.1342
0.1663
0.1363
0.2692
0.221
23466.2

Annual space heating requirement Mar 01-31

Apr 01-30
May 01-31
0.0973
0.0778
0.0043
0.099
0.0775
0.0038
0.0952
0.0758
0.0041
0.0968
0.0773
0.0041
0.0959
0.0752
0.0045
0.0941
0.0754
0.0042
0.0939
0.0753
0.0042
0.0939
0.0748
0.0044
0.094
0.0755
0.004
0.1584
0.129
0.0074
0.2295
0.1979
0.0095
0.1564
0.1279
0.0058
0.0945
0.0758
0.0044
0.1544
0.1265
0.0067
0.1543
0.1263
0.0057
0.1516
0.125
0.0056
0.0924
0.0746
0.004
0.093
0.0752
0.0044
0.0958
0.0769
0.0044
0.0938
0.0749
0.0042
0.094
0.0757
0.0043
0.0944
0.0764
0.0049
0.0956
0.0768
0.0035
0.0954
0.0759
0.004
0.0973
0.078
0.0055
0.1618
0.1313
0.011
Jun 01-30 0.0027 0.0022 0.0025 0.0025 0.0027 0.0025 0.0025 0.0026 0.0025 0.004 0.0043 0.003 0.003 0.0035 0.0029 0.0027 0.0026 0.0029 0.0029 0.0026 0.0027 0.0033 0.0019 0.0023 0.0035 0.0064
Jul 01-31 0.0031 0.0027 0.003 0.0029 0.0029 0.0032 0.0031 0.003 0.0028 0.0046 0.0043 0.0034 0.0033 0.0041 0.0035 0.0032 0.003 0.0033 0.0033 0.0031 0.0032 0.0038 0.0023 0.0028 0.0037 0.0064
Aug 01-31 0.0022 0.0018 0.0021 0.0019 0.0024 0.0021 0.0023 0.0023 0.002 0.0034 0.0029 0.0026 0.0024 0.003 0.0025 0.0025 0.0022 0.0026 0.0025 0.0024 0.0024 0.003 0.0016 0.0021 0.0031 0.005
Sep 01-30 0.0021 0.0017 0.002 0.0018 0.0023 0.0019 0.0021 0.0022 0.0019 0.0033 0.0027 0.0024 0.0023 0.0028 0.0023 0.0024 0.0021 0.0024 0.0023 0.0022 0.0022 0.0027 0.0015 0.002 0.0029 0.0038
Oct 01-31 0.0024 0.002 0.0027 0.0022 0.0029 0.0024 0.0025 0.0028 0.0024 0.0038 0.0114 0.0029 0.0026 0.0034 0.0026 0.0031 0.0026 0.0028 0.0024 0.0028 0.0027 0.0032 0.0018 0.0026 0.0029 0.0035
Nov 01-30 0.1172 0.1192 0.1122 0.117 0.1145 0.1119 0.1112 0.1128 0.1115 0.1878 0.2661 0.1846 0.1125 0.1808 0.1819 0.1775 0.1092 0.1105 0.1167 0.113 0.1121 0.1124 0.1155 0.1146 0.1165 0.1949
<10 kWh/m2yr Dec 01-31
Summed total
0.1656
0.7776
0.1717
0.7941
0.1601
0.753
0.1662
0.7773
0.1637
0.7658
0.1586
0.7464
0.1581
0.7449
0.1604
0.7522
0.1582
0.7449
0.2595
1.2377
0.359
1.7498
0.2539
1.2108
0.16
0.7536
0.2497
1.1949
0.2501
1.1933
0.2458
1.171
0.1556
0.7331
0.1571
0.7412
0.1655
0.7753
0.1621
0.7556
0.1594
0.7502
0.1589
0.7539
0.1637
0.7641
0.1631
0.7634
0.1653
0.7813
0.2665
1.2808 23.4662

Simulation Flats F01 F02 F03 F04 F05 F06 F07 F08 F09 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 F16 F17 F18 F19 F20 F21 F22 F23 F24 F25 FA01
Level 2 75 80 55 55 75 55 55 57 55 76 106 78 61 58 55 66 57 57 55 75 57 57 55 76 58 40 1649 1913.6

14 12.06
10<15 kWh/m2yr Jan 01-31
10.49733 9.96625 13.6873 13.762 9.992

0.17 0.1734 0.1607 0.1632 0.161

13.176 13.28

0.1545 0.1562
12.9877 13.42909 16.0474 15.2604 15.3115 12.2328 20.2431 21.3855 17.3061 12.5667 12.7842 14.0564 9.872

0.1594 0.1582 0.258 0.3421 0.2531 0.1596 0.2476 0.2489 0.2425 0.1534 0.1557 0.167 0.1603
12.96316 12.96316 13.85636 9.942105 13.39828 32.5225

0.1584 0.1577 0.1644 0.1632 0.1657 0.2751 23079.9

Feb 01-28 0.1377 0.1406 0.1318 0.1326 0.1312 0.1266 0.1277 0.1289 0.1294 0.211 0.2817 0.2082 0.1303 0.2036 0.2049 0.1979 0.1247 0.1264 0.1348 0.128 0.1285 0.1283 0.1336 0.1322 0.135 0.2247
Mar 01-31 0.0978 0.0989 0.0948 0.0941 0.0936 0.0914 0.092 0.0924 0.0931 0.1558 0.208 0.1541 0.0934 0.1517 0.1522 0.1485 0.0905 0.0916 0.0953 0.0923 0.0926 0.0926 0.095 0.0941 0.0966 0.1635
Apr 01-30 0.0779 0.0775 0.0757 0.0755 0.0737 0.0735 0.0737 0.0736 0.0747 0.1269 0.1761 0.1263 0.0751 0.1247 0.125 0.1228 0.0733 0.0743 0.0766 0.0739 0.0747 0.0751 0.0766 0.0751 0.0773 0.1317
May 01-31 0.0041 0.0039 0.0044 0.0043 0.0046 0.0044 0.0042 0.0043 0.004 0.0075 0.0075 0.0059 0.0044 0.0067 0.0057 0.0056 0.0039 0.0044 0.0045 0.0041 0.0042 0.0046 0.0039 0.004 0.0054 0.0111
Jun 01-30 0.0025 0.0023 0.0028 0.0026 0.0027 0.0026 0.0025 0.0025 0.0026 0.0041 0.0035 0.003 0.0029 0.0036 0.003 0.0027 0.0025 0.0028 0.0029 0.0025 0.0027 0.0029 0.0024 0.0024 0.0036 0.0059
Jul 01-31 0.0029 0.0028 0.0032 0.003 0.003 0.0033 0.0031 0.003 0.003 0.0047 0.0044 0.0035 0.0033 0.0042 0.0036 0.0032 0.003 0.0033 0.0033 0.0031 0.0032 0.0034 0.0028 0.0029 0.0039 0.0059

15<22 kWh/m2yr Aug 01-31

Sep 01-30
Oct 01-31
0.0021
0.0019
0.0022
0.002
0.0019
0.0021
0.0024
0.0022
0.0029
0.002
0.0019
0.0023
0.0024
0.0024
0.003
0.0022
0.0021
0.0025
0.0023
0.0021
0.0025
0.0023
0.0022
0.0029
0.0021
0.0019
0.0024
0.0035
0.0033
0.0039
0.003
0.0027
0.0035
0.0025
0.0024
0.0028
0.0024
0.0023
0.0026
0.0031
0.0029
0.0034
0.0025
0.0023
0.0026
0.0025
0.0023
0.003
0.0022
0.002
0.0024
0.0026
0.0023
0.0026
0.0025
0.0023
0.0024
0.0024
0.0022
0.0027
0.0024
0.0022
0.0025
0.0026
0.0023
0.0026
0.0021
0.002
0.0022
0.0022
0.002
0.0025
0.0032
0.0031
0.0031
0.0052
0.0033
0.0031
Nov 01-30 0.1195 0.12 0.1123 0.1143 0.112 0.1086 0.1094 0.111 0.1107 0.1853 0.2477 0.1825 0.1117 0.1781 0.1798 0.1731 0.1067 0.1086 0.1167 0.11 0.1105 0.1106 0.115 0.1135 0.1159 0.2003
Dec 01-31 0.1687 0.1719 0.1595 0.161 0.1598 0.153 0.1547 0.1578 0.1566 0.2554 0.3374 0.25 0.1582 0.2444 0.2457 0.2383 0.1516 0.1541 0.1648 0.1589 0.1568 0.1562 0.1621 0.1616 0.1642 0.2712
Summed total 0.7873 0.7973 0.7528 0.7569 0.7494 0.7247 0.7304 0.7403 0.7386 1.2196 1.6176 1.1943 0.7462 1.1741 1.1762 1.1422 0.7163 0.7287 0.7731 0.7404 0.7389 0.7389 0.7621 0.7556 0.7771 1.3009 23.0799

Simulation Flats F01 F02 F03 F04 F05 F06 F07 F08 F09 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 F16 F17 F18 F19 F20 F21 F22 F23 F24 F25
Level 3 46 80 55 55 75 55 55 57 55 76 106 78 61 58 55 66 57 57 55 75 57 57 55 76 58 1580 1844

16.78261 9.99 13.82 13.735 9.92933 13.089 13.2109 12.9316 13.43818 15.9855 16.0972 15.3115 12.2246 20.1931 21.38 17.3545 12.5035 12.7246 14.0655 9.80267 12.93509 12.91404 13.85091 9.876316 13.33793 13.81 11.83
Jan 01-31 0.1657 0.1746 0.163 0.1633 0.1605 0.154 0.1558 0.1589 0.1584 0.2574 0.3545 0.2533 0.1596 0.2474 0.2491 0.2437 0.1528 0.1551 0.1676 0.1591 0.1581 0.1573 0.1648 0.1629 0.1652 21814
Feb 01-28 0.135 0.1407 0.1333 0.1322 0.1302 0.1256 0.127 0.1282 0.1294 0.2101 0.2931 0.2081 0.1301 0.2029 0.2048 0.1987 0.1242 0.126 0.1347 0.1275 0.1283 0.1277 0.1333 0.1305 0.1338
Mar 01-31 0.0961 0.0987 0.0953 0.0937 0.0929 0.0908 0.0915 0.092 0.0929 0.1549 0.2225 0.1537 0.0933 0.1511 0.1519 0.1489 0.0901 0.0913 0.0951 0.0923 0.0926 0.0923 0.0947 0.0935 0.096
Apr 01-30 0.0749 0.0771 0.0758 0.0748 0.0731 0.0727 0.0731 0.0729 0.0744 0.1257 0.19 0.1257 0.0749 0.1239 0.1247 0.1227 0.0729 0.0739 0.0761 0.0738 0.0746 0.0747 0.0761 0.0747 0.0769
May 01-31 0.0056 0.0039 0.0043 0.0043 0.0045 0.0043 0.004 0.0044 0.0042 0.0077 0.0091 0.0061 0.0044 0.0068 0.0058 0.0056 0.0039 0.0044 0.0046 0.0041 0.0043 0.0046 0.004 0.004 0.0055
Jun 01-30 0.0033 0.0023 0.0027 0.0027 0.0026 0.0026 0.0025 0.0026 0.0027 0.0042 0.0042 0.0032 0.003 0.0037 0.0031 0.0027 0.0025 0.0028 0.003 0.0025 0.0027 0.003 0.0025 0.0024 0.0036

Addressing critical areas: Jul 01-31

Aug 01-31
Sep 01-30
Oct 01-31
0.0035
0.0029
0.0025
0.0023
0.0028
0.002
0.0019
0.0021
0.0031
0.0022
0.0021
0.0026
0.0031
0.0021
0.0019
0.0023
0.003
0.0024
0.0023
0.003
0.0032
0.0022
0.002
0.0025
0.0031
0.0022
0.002
0.0025
0.0031
0.0023
0.0023
0.0028
0.0031
0.0021
0.002
0.0024
0.0048
0.0036
0.0034
0.0039
0.0045
0.0031
0.0028
0.0108
0.0037
0.0027
0.0025
0.0029
0.0033
0.0024
0.0023
0.0026
0.0043
0.0033
0.003
0.0036
0.0036
0.0026
0.0023
0.0027
0.0033
0.0025
0.0023
0.003
0.003
0.0022
0.002
0.0024
0.0033
0.0026
0.0023
0.0026
0.0034
0.0026
0.0024
0.0024
0.0031
0.0024
0.0022
0.0027
0.0033
0.0024
0.0022
0.0026
0.0034
0.0027
0.0024
0.0027
0.0029
0.0022
0.002
0.0022
0.0029
0.0022
0.002
0.0026
0.0039
0.0033
0.0031
0.0041
Nov 01-30 0.116 0.1202 0.1138 0.1142 0.1112 0.1079 0.1088 0.1102 0.1107 0.1844 0.2616 0.1824 0.1117 0.1774 0.1798 0.1733 0.1061 0.1079 0.1167 0.1084 0.1098 0.1096 0.115 0.1122 0.1148
Dec 01-31 0.1642 0.1728 0.1619 0.1608 0.159 0.1522 0.1541 0.1574 0.1567 0.2548 0.3503 0.25 0.1581 0.2438 0.2456 0.2387 0.1506 0.1531 0.1649 0.1571 0.1564 0.1556 0.1622 0.1608 0.1635
Summed total 0.772 0.7992 0.7601 0.7554 0.7447 0.7199 0.7266 0.7371 0.7391 1.2149 1.7063 1.1943 0.7457 1.1712 1.1759 1.1454 0.7127 0.7253 0.7736 0.7352 0.7373 0.7361 0.7618 0.7506 0.7736 21.814

Simulation Flats F01 F02 F03 F04 F05 F06 F07 F08 F09 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 F16 F17 F18 F19 F20 F21 F22 F23 F24 F25

• Accurate performance data

Level 4 46 80 55 55 75 55 55 57 55 76 106 78 61 58 55 66 57 57 55 75 57 57 55 76 58 1580 1844

11.19565 10.1288 13.6436 14.184 9.98 13.189 13.2855 13.0088 13.58364 16.0763 14.9594 15.5218 12.3197 20.4155 21.7182 11.0136 12.593 12.8018 14.3891 9.83467 12.91228 12.92281 14.20545 9.844737 13.27759 13.4 11.48
Jan 01-31 0.1168 0.1787 0.1616 0.171 0.1624 0.156 0.1574 0.1609 0.1608 0.2595 0.3439 0.2578 0.1614 0.2512 0.2541 0.1576 0.1549 0.1569 0.1741 0.1605 0.1587 0.1584 0.1717 0.1632 0.165 21172.9

• Identify critical areas and

Feb 01-28 0.0916 0.1416 0.1317 0.1372 0.1311 0.1269 0.1278 0.1294 0.1311 0.211 0.2782 0.2114 0.1315 0.2049 0.2085 0.1271 0.1255 0.1272 0.1383 0.1288 0.1285 0.1283 0.1371 0.1305 0.1329
Mar 01-31 0.0574 0.0988 0.0944 0.0956 0.0934 0.0913 0.0918 0.0926 0.0939 0.1552 0.1998 0.1557 0.0941 0.1523 0.1543 0.0921 0.0907 0.0919 0.0964 0.093 0.0926 0.0926 0.0961 0.0939 0.0957
Apr 01-30 0.0414 0.0769 0.0743 0.0749 0.0731 0.0724 0.0727 0.0729 0.0747 0.1249 0.16 0.1266 0.0753 0.1238 0.126 0.074 0.0727 0.0737 0.0763 0.074 0.0739 0.0742 0.0762 0.0747 0.0764
May 01-31 0.0047 0.0042 0.004 0.0041 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.0041 0.0083 0.0071 0.0059 0.0042 0.007 0.0054 0.0035 0.0037 0.0042 0.0043 0.0037 0.004 0.0043 0.0037 0.0036 0.0054
Jun 01-30 0.0036 0.0026 0.0024 0.0025 0.0023 0.0024 0.0024 0.0022 0.0025 0.0045 0.0037 0.0029 0.0027 0.0039 0.0028 0.0019 0.0023 0.0027 0.0028 0.0022 0.0026 0.0027 0.0023 0.002 0.0036
Jul 01-31 0.0038 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.0027 0.0031 0.003 0.0028 0.003 0.005 0.0044 0.0035 0.0031 0.0045 0.0034 0.0024 0.0028 0.0032 0.0032 0.0027 0.0031 0.0032 0.0027 0.0026 0.0039

aspects Aug 01-31

Sep 01-30
Oct 01-31
Nov 01-30
0.0032
0.003
0.0029
0.0709
0.0022
0.0021
0.0026
0.1211
0.0021
0.0019
0.0026
0.112
0.002
0.0018
0.0021
0.1179
0.0021
0.002
0.0027
0.1116
0.0021
0.0019
0.0024
0.1085
0.0021
0.002
0.0024
0.1092
0.0021
0.002
0.0025
0.111
0.002
0.0018
0.0021
0.1119
0.0039
0.0037
0.0042
0.1845
0.003
0.0028
0.0033
0.2417
0.0025
0.0023
0.0026
0.1851
0.0023
0.0021
0.0024
0.1125
0.0034
0.0032
0.004
0.1784
0.0023
0.0021
0.0024
0.1826
0.0018
0.0017
0.0023
0.1081
0.002
0.0018
0.0023
0.1066
0.0024
0.0022
0.0025
0.1083
0.0024
0.0021
0.0022
0.1191
0.0021
0.0019
0.0023
0.1085
0.0023
0.0021
0.0024
0.1091
0.0024
0.0022
0.0025
0.1094
0.002
0.0018
0.002
0.1178
0.0019
0.0018
0.0023
0.1108
0.0031
0.003
0.0039
0.1138

• Optimise design and cost.

Dec 01-31 0.1156 0.1765 0.1606 0.1679 0.1609 0.1543 0.1558 0.1593 0.1591 0.2571 0.3377 0.2545 0.1599 0.2475 0.2506 0.1544 0.1525 0.1547 0.1702 0.1578 0.1566 0.1564 0.1679 0.1609 0.1633
Summed total 0.515 0.8103 0.7504 0.7801 0.7485 0.7254 0.7307 0.7415 0.7471 1.2218 1.5857 1.2107 0.7515 1.1841 1.1945 0.7269 0.7178 0.7297 0.7914 0.7376 0.736 0.7366 0.7813 0.7482 0.7701 21.1729

Simulation Flats F01 F02 F03 F04 F05 F06 F07 F08 F09 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 F16
Level 5 121 78 72 76 72 96 95 44 78 106 106 87 110 84 43 42 1310 1412

7.826446 10.3397 10.9042 9.9974 10.5403 8.1615 8.17053 17.5545 9.716667 7.29434 7.13208 8.93333 6.89273 9.31429 17.2256 18.0524 9.537 8.848
Jan 01-31 0.2222 0.1812 0.1705 0.1648 0.1642 0.1708 0.1678 0.1665 0.1644 0.1677 0.1652 0.1685 0.165 0.1701 0.16 0.1641 12493.2

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

Feb 01-28 0.1629 0.1411 0.1368 0.1331 0.1316 0.1369 0.1356 0.1351 0.1333 0.1357 0.1322 0.1363 0.1327 0.1368 0.1286 0.1333
Mar 01-31 0.1068 0.0969 0.0967 0.0946 0.0936 0.0965 0.0963 0.096 0.0952 0.0966 0.0946 0.0969 0.0949 0.0971 0.0929 0.0953
Apr 01-30 0.0769 0.0737 0.0754 0.074 0.0728 0.0753 0.0755 0.0758 0.0754 0.0762 0.0744 0.0762 0.0745 0.0766 0.0735 0.0757
May 01-31 0.0042 0.0046 0.0052 0.0046 0.0061 0.0048 0.0047 0.0045 0.0036 0.004 0.0041 0.0043 0.0042 0.0045 0.0047 0.0036
 Using dynamic data for optimisation

Latest design stage

Level 4 – Phase 1.
Yearly space heating requirement

<10 kWh/m2yr

10<15 kWh/m2yr

15<22 kWh/m2yr

After design optimisation, all units perform to less than 10 kWh/m2yr

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

 Space conditioning performance summary
SUMMARY BY GROUPS TOTAL
DUPLEX APTS GROUND FLATS FLATS Level s 1-4 PENTHOUSE APTS ALL DWELLINGS
2
Total surface (m ) 866.00 778.50 6872.00 1246.00 9762.5
Date Boilers load (MWh)
Jan 1.9906 1.9681 11.2647 3.0271 18.2505
Feb 1.6789 1.4597 7.3472 1.97 12.4558
Mar 1.0327 0.6784 3.1247 1.0614 5.8972
Apr 0.6459 0.1052 0.9556 0.2751 1.9818
Excellent performance May
Jun
0.0463
0.0004
0.0006
0
0.0202
0
0.0014
0
0.0685
0.0004
delivered with standard specs Jul 0 0 0 0 0
Aug 0 0 0 0 0
Sep 0 0 0 0 0
Oct 0.0016 0 0.0027 0 0.0043
Nov 1.1879 0.9107 5.989 1.4237 9.5113
Dec 2.1423 2.119 11.4828 3.0421 18.7862
Summed total MWh/(m²yr) 8.7267 7.2418 40.1869 10.8007 66.9561
kWh/(m²yr) 8,726.70 7,241.80 40,186.90 10,800.70 66,956.10
Annual space heating loads AVERAGE
10.08 9.30 5.85 8.67 6.86
(kWh/m2.yr)
ANNUAL SPACE HEATING LOADS PER M 2
kWh/(m²yr)

REFERENCE VALUESREFERENCE VALUES

kWh/(m²yr) kWh/(m²yr)
Zero Carbon Homes
Zero Carbon Homes
(recommended Max demand) 39.00
(recommended Max demand) 39.00 Air Tightness: 3 m3/m2.h@50Pa
Passivhaus U-values:
15.00
Passivhaus 15.00
Double glazing: 1.40 W/m2K
Exemplary solar housing (average) 10.00
Exemplary solar housing 10.00 Walls: 0.15 W/m2K
Roofs/Gfloors: 0.13 W/m2K
HLM average design VE-DSM 6.86

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

 The benefits of DSM to HLM design methodology

• Comprehensive integration of different design solutions.

• Exact understanding of the local conditions and performance allowing for

responsive design.

• Economic allocation of resources e.g. add insulation or solar control only

where necessary and effective. Also important at value engineering.

DSM measures design integration

The performance of the whole system is considerably higher

than the cumulative performances of the single parts.

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

 HLM optimised energy demand history (kWh/year)
Typical 75 m2 aptm

Tot: 202 Tot: 88 Tot: 65

13.5 7
16 12.5 12
4 26
31 14
135 13 26
5
29
7.5

Space conditioning minimised

Other aspect need further optimisation through
‘smart’ strategies integration at the Community level

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

 IES – Virtual Environment

VE-PRO provides a comprehensive analysis environment. (Sarah Graham intro)

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’

 Thank you

Dr Sarah Graham David Cafferty

IES UK Division Head HLM – Board Director
T: +44 141 945 8500 T: +44 2079214800
M: +44 7837 251354 M: +44 7889894356
sarah.graham@iesve.com david.cafferty@hlmarchitects.com
http://www.iesve.com
Raffaele De Angelis
HLM – Sustainable Design Manager
T: +44 2079214800
M: +44 7861484417
raffaele.deangelis@hlmarchitects.com

http://www.hlmarchitects.com

Build4Quality - BRE ‘Using Dynamic Simulation Modelling in residential developments’