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COM EQUIVALENT CONCEPT, NEUTRALIZATION AND REDOX

TITRATION

1. The equivalent weight of MnSO4 is half of its 8. The oxidation number of sulphur in S8, S2F2, H2S
molecular weight when it converts to (1998, 1M) respectively, are (1999)
(a) Mn2O3 (b) MnO2 (a) 0, +1 and –2 (b) +2, +1 and –2
(c) MnO4 (d) MnO24 (c) 0, +1 and +2 (d) –2, +1 and –2

2. The oxidation number of phosphorus in 9. Among the followings, the species in which the
Ba(H2PO2)2 is (1998) oxidation number of an element is +6 (2000)

(b) Cr  CN6
3
(a) +3 (b) +2 (a) MnO4
(c) +1 (d) –1
(c) NiF62 (d) CrO2Cl2
3. The volume strength of 1.5 N H2O2 is (1990, 1M)
10. An aqueous solution of 6.3 g oxalic acid dehydrate
(a) 4.8 (b) 8.4 is made up to 250 mL. the volume of 0.1 N NaOH
(c) 3.0 (d) 8.0 required to completely neutralize 10 mL of this
solution is (2001, 1M)
4. For the redox reaction (1992)
(a) 40 mL (b) 20 mL
MnO4  C2O42  H 
Mn2  CO2  H2O
(c) 10 mL (d) 4 mL
The correct coefficients of the reactants for the
The reaction, 3ClO  aq  
ClO3  aq  is an
 
balanced reaction are 11.
example of (2001)
MnO4 C2O24 H+
(a) oxidation reaction
(a) 2 5 16
(b) reduction reaction
(b) 16 5 2
(c) disproportionate reaction
(c) 5 16 2
(d) decomposition reaction
(d) 2 16 5
12. In the standardization of Na2S2O3 using K2Cr2O7
5. The number of moles of KMnO4 that will be by iodometry, the equivalent weight of K2Cr2O7 is
needed to react with one mole of sulphite ion in
acidic solution is (1997) (a) (molecular weight)/2 (2001, 1M)
(b) (molecular weight)/6
2 3
(a) (b)
5 5 (c) (molecular weight)/3

4 (d) same as molecular weight

(c) (d) 1
5 13. Consider a titration of potassium dichromate
solution with acidified Mohr’s salt solution using
6. The number of moles of KMnO4 that will be
diphenylamine as indicator. The number of moles
needed to react completely with one mole of
of Mohr’s salt required per mole of dichromate is
ferrous oxalate in acidic medium is (1997)
(a) 3 (b) 4 (2007, 3M)
2 3
(a) (b) (c) 5 (d) 6
5 5
4
(c) (d) 1
5 Assertion and Reason
7. The normality of 0.3 M phosphorus acid (H3PO3) Read the following question and answer as per the
is (1999, 2M) direction given below (1991, 2M)
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.9 (a) Statement I is true; Statement II is true; Statement II is
the correct explanation of Statement I.
(c) 0.3 (d) 0.6
(b) Statement I is true; Statement II is true; Statement II is
not the correct explanation of Statement I.
6.
(c) Statement I is true; Statement II is false
(d) Statement I is false; Statement II is true
1. Statement I : In the titration of Na2CO3 with HCl
using methyl orange indicator, the volume
required at the equivalence point is twice that of
the acid required using phenolphthalein indicator.
Statement II : Two moles of HCl are required for
the complete neutralization of one mole of
Na2CO3. 7.
Fill in the Blanks
1. The compound YBa2Cu3O7, which shows super
conductivity, has copper in oxidation state………
Assume (1994, 1M)
Subjective Questions
1. The density of a 3M sodium thiosulphate solution
(Na2S2O3) is 1.25 g per mL. Calculate (i) the
8.
percentage by weight of sodium thiosulphate (ii)
the mole fraction of sodium thiosulphate and (iii)
the molalities of Na+ and S2O32 ions. (1983, 5M)
2. 4.08 g of a mixture of BaO and unknown
carbonate MCO3 was heated strongly. The residue
weighed 3.64 g. This was dissolved in 100 mL of
1 N HCl. The excess acid required 16 mL of 2.5 N
NaOH solution for complete neutralization
identify the metal M. (1983, 4M)
3. 2.68 × 10–3 moles of a solution containing an ion 9.
An+ require 1.61 × 10–3 moles of MnO4 for the
oxidation of An+ to AO3 in acidic medium. What
is the value of n? (1984, 2M)
4. 5 mL of 8 N nitric acid, 4.8 mL of 5N
hydrochloric acid and a certain volume of 17 M
sulphuric acid are mixed together and made up to
2L. 30 mL of this acid mixture exactly neutralize
42.9 mL of sodium carbonate solution containing
one gram of Na2CO3.10H2O in 100 mL of water.
Calculate the amount in gram of the sulphate ions
in solution. (1985, 4M) 10.
5. A sample of hydrazine sulphate (N2H6SO4) was
dissolved in 100 mL of water, 10 mL of this
solution was reacted with excess of ferric chloride
solution and warmed to complete the reaction.
Ferrous ion formed was estimated and it, required
20 mL of M/50 potassium permanganate solution.
Estimate the amount of hydrazine sulphate in one
litre of the solution. (1988, 3M) 11.
Reaction
4Fe3  N2H4 
N2  4Fe2  4H
MnO4  5Fe2  8H 
Mn2  5Fe3  4H2O
An equal volume of a reducing agent is titrated
separately with 1M KMnO4 in acid, neutral and
alkaline medium. The volumes of KMnO4
required are 20 mL in acid, 33.3 mL in neutral and
100 mL in alkaline media. Find out the oxidation
state of manganese in each reduction product.
Give the balanced equations for all the three half
reaction. Find out the volume of 1M K2Cr2O7
consumed, if the same volume of the reducing
agent is titrated in acid medium. (1989, 5M)
An organic compound X on analysis gives 24.24
per cent carbon and 4.04 per cent hydrogen.
Further, sodium extract of 1.0 g of X gives 2.90 g
of silver chloride with acidified silver nitrate
solution. The compound X may be represented by
two isomeric structures Y and Z. Y on treatment
with aqueous potassium hydroxide solution gives
a dihydroxy compound while Z on similar
treatment gives ethanal. Find out the molecular
formula of X and gives the structure of Y and Z.
(1989, 5M)
A mixture of H2C2O4 (oxalic acid) and NaHC2O4
weighing 2.02 g was dissolved in water and the
solution made up to one litre. Ten milliliters of the
solution required 3.0 mL of 0.1N sodium
hydroxide solution for complete neutralization. In
another experiment, 10.0 mL of the same solution,
in hot dilute sulphuric acid medium, required 4.0
mL of 0. N potassium permanganate solution for
complete reaction. Calculate the amount of
H2C2O4 and NaHC2O4 in the mixture. (1990, 5M)
A solution of 0.2 g of a compound containing Cu2+
and C2O24 ions on titration with 0.02 M KMnO4
in presence of H2SO4 consumes 22.6 mL of the
oxidant. The resultant solution is neutralized with
Na2CO3. acidified with dilute acetic acid and
treated with excess KI. The liberated iodine
requires 11.3 mL of 0.05 M Na2S2O3 solution for
complete reduction. Find out the mole ratio of
Cu2+ to C2O24 in the compound. Write down the
balanced redox reactions involved in the above
titrations. (1991, 5M)
A 1.0 g sample of Fe2O3 solid of 55.2% purity is
dissolved in acid and reduced by heating the
solution with zinc dust. The resultant solution is
cooled and made up to 100.0 mL. An aliquot of
25.0 mL of this solution requires for titration.
Calculate the number of electrons taken up by the
oxidant in the reaction of the above titration.
(1991, 4M)
A 2.0 g sample of a mixture containing sodium
carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium
sulphate is gently heated till the evolution of CO2
ceases. The volume of CO2 at 750 mm Hg
pressure and at 298 K is measured to be 123.9 mL.
 A 1.5 g of the same sample requires 150 mL of
(M/10) HCl for complete neutralization. Calculate
the percentage composition of the components of
the mixture. (1992, 5M)
12. One gram of commercial AgNO3 is dissolved in
50 mL of water. It is treated with 50 mL of a KI
solution. The silver iodide thus precipitated is 16.
filtered off. Excess of KI in the filtrate is titrated
with (M/10) KIO3 solution in presence of 6M HCl
till all I– ions are converted into ICI. It requires 50
mL of (M/10) KIO3 solution. 20 mL of the same
stock solution of KI requires 30 mL of (M/10)
17.
KIO3 under similar conditions. Calculate the
percentage of AgNO3 in the sample. (1992, 4M)
Reaction
KIO3  2KI  6HCl 
3ICI  3KCI  3H2O
13. A 5.0 cm3 solution of H2O2 liberates 0.508 g of 18.
iodine from an acidified KI solution. Calculate the
strength of H2O2 solution in terms of volume
strength at STP. (1995, 3M) 19.
14. A 20.0 cm3 mixture of CO, CH4 and He gases is
exploded by an electric discharge at room
temperature with excess of oxygen. The volume
contraction is found to be 13.0 cm3. A further
contraction of 14.0 cm3 occurs when the residual
gas is treated with KOH solution. Find out the
composition of the gaseous mixture in terms of
volume percentage. (1995, 4M)
15. A 3.00 g sample containing Fe3O4, Fe2O3 and an
inert impure substance, is treated with excess of 20.
KI solution in Fe2+ along with the liberation of
iodine. The resulting solution is diluted to 100
mL. A 20 mL of the diluted solution requires 11.0
mL of 0.5 M Na2S2O3 solution to reduce the
iodine present. A 50 mL of the dilute solution
after complete extraction of the iodine required
12.80 mL of 0.25 M KMnO4 solution in dilute
H2SO4 medium for the oxidation of Fe2+. Calculate
the percentage of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 in the original
sample. (1996, 5M)
To a 25 mL H2O2 solution, excess of acidified
solution of potassium iodide was added. The
iodine liberated required 20 mL of 0.3 N sodium
thiosulphate solution. Calculate the volume
strength of H2O2 solution. (1997, 5M)
An aqueous solution containing 0.10 g KIO3
(formula weight = 214.0) was treated with an
excess of KI solution. The solution was acidified
with HCl. The liberated I2 consumed starch-iodine
complex. Calculate the molarity of the sodium
thiosulphate solution. (1998, 5M)
How many milliliters of 0.5 M H2SO4 are needed
to dissolve 0.5 g of copper (II) carbonate?(1999, 3M)
Hydrogen peroxide solution (20 mL) reacts
quantitatively with a solution of KMnO4 (20 mL)
acidified with dilute H2SO4. The same volume of
the KMnO4 solution is just decolourised by 10 mL
of MnSO4 in neutral medium simultaneously
forming a dark brown precipitate of hydrated
MnO2. The brown precipitate is dissolved in 10
mL of 0.2 M sodium oxalate under boiling
condition in the presence of dilute H2SO4. Write
the balanced equations involved in the reactions
and calculate the molarity of H2O2. (2001)
Calculate the amount of calcium oxide required
when it reacts with 852 g of P4O10. (2005, 2M)
 ANSWQERS
Objective Question
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (a)
5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (a)
9. (d) 10. (a) 11. (c) 12. (b)
13. (d)
Assertion and Reason
1. (b)
Fill in the Blanks
1. 7/3
HINTS AND SOLUTION
1. Equivalent weight in redox system is defined as 3MnO4  5FeC2O4  24H 
3Mn2
Molar mass 5Fe3 10CO2 12H2O
E
n  factor
5 moles of FeC2O4 require 3 moles of KMnO4
here n-factor is the net change in oxidation
number per formula unit of oxidisting or reducing  1 mole of FeC2O4 will require 3/5 mole of
agent. In the present case-n-factor is 2 because KMnO4
equivalent weight is half of molecular weight. 7. Phosphorus acid is a dibasic acid as
Also,
O
n  factor ||
H  P  OH only two replaceable hydrogens
MnSO4 
Mn2O3 1 2 
3 |
OH
MnSO4 
MnO2 2  2 
4
Therefore, normality = molarity × basicity
MnSO4 
MnO 
4 5 2 
7  = 0.3 × 2 = 0.60
MnSO4 
MnO 2
4 4  2 
6 8. In S8, oxidation number of S is 0, elemental state.
Therefore, MnSO4 converts to MnO2. In S2F2, F is in –1 oxidation state, hence S is in +1
oxidation state.
2. In Ba(H2PO2)2, oxidation number of Ba is +2.
Therefore, In H2S, H is in +1 oxidation state, hence S is in –2
oxidation state.
H2PO2 : 2   1  x  2   2  1
9. In MnO4 , oxidation state of Mn is +7
 x = +1
In Cr  CN6 , oxidation state of Cr is +3
3
3. Volume strength of H2O2 = Normality × 5.6
= 1.5 × 5.6 = 8.4 V In NiF62 , Ni is in +4 oxidation state.
4. The balanced redox reaction is In CrO2Cl2, oxidation state of Cr is +6.
2MnO  5C2O 16H  2Mn 10CO2 16H2O

4
2
4
 2
10. Oxalic acid dehydrate H2C2O4.2H2O : mw = 126
Hence, the coefficients of reactants in balanced It is a dibasic acid, hence equivalent weight = 63
reaction are 2, 5 and 16 respectively. 6.3 1000
 Normality    0.4N
5. The balanced chemical reaction is : 63 250
2MnO4  5SO32  6H  2Mn2  5SO24  3H2O  N1V1 = N2V2

5 moles SO32 reacts with 2 moles of KMnO4 0.1 × V1 = 0.4 × 10

Hence, V1 = 40 mL
2 2
 1 mole of SO will react with mole KMnO4
3
5
6. The balanced redox reaction is
11. It is an example of disproportionation reaction 3
because the same species (ClO–) is being oxidized Mole-fraction =  0.065
776
to ClO3 as well as reduced to Cl–
3
18
12. The following reaction occur between S2O32 and 3 2
(iii) Molality of Na  1000  7.73m
2 776
Cr2O 7

26H  3S2O32  4Cr2O72 

6SO42  8Cr3 3
Molality of S2O32  1000  3.86m
776
+13H2O
2. During heating MCO3 is converted into MO
Change in oxidation number of Cr2O72 per liberating CO2 while BaO is remaining unreacted:
formula unit is 6 (it is always fixed for Cr2o72 ). MCO3 s  
Heat
MOs   CO2  g  
Hence, equivalent weight of 0.44g = 0.01 mol
Molecular weight
K2Cr2O7  BaO s  BaO s 
6
4.08g 3.64g
13. As mentioned in Q.12, n-factor of dichromate is 6.
Also, n-factor of Mohr’s salt is 1 as. From the decomposition information, it can be
deduced that the original mixture contained 0.01
FeSO4  NH4 2 SO4 .6H2O 
O.A
Fe3 mole of MCO3 and the solid residue, obtained
Mohr 's salt
after heating, contain 0.01 mole (10 millimol) of
1 mole of dichromate = 6 equivalent of MO.
dichromate. Also, millimol of HCl taken initially = 100
 6 equivalent of Mohr’s salt would be required. Millimol of NaOh used in back – titration = 16 ×
Since, n-factor of Mohr’s salt is 1, 6 equivalent of 2.5 = 40
it would also be equal to 6 moles.
 Millimol of HCl reacted with oxide residue = 60
Hence, 1 mole of dichromate will oxidize 6 moles
of Mohr’s salt. HCl reacts with oxides as explanation is, methyl
organge and phenolphthalein changes their colour
at different pH
Assertion and Reason 7
 x
1. Both assertion and reason are factually true but 3
the reason does not exactly explain the assertion.
The correct explanation is, methyl orange and MO  2HCl 
MCl2  H2O
10 millimol 20 millimol
phenolphthalein changes their colour at different
pH BaO  2HCl 
BaCl2  H2O
Fill in the Blanks 60 – 20 = 40 millimol
1. If x is the oxidation state of Cu then Therefore, the residue contain 20 millimol of BaO
3 + 2 × 2 + 3x + 7 × (–2) = 0 Also, molar mass of BaO = 138 + 16 = 154
Subjective Questions 154  20
 Mass of BaO   3.08g
1. Let us consider 1.0 L solution for all the 1000
calculation.  Mass of MCO3 = 4.08 – 3.08 = 1.0 g
(i) Weight of 1 L solution = 1250 g 0.01 mole of MCO3 weigh 1.0 g
Weight of Na2S2O3 = 3 × 158 = 474 g  1 mole of MCO3 = 100 g
 Weight percentage of  100 = Atomic weight of metal + 12 + 3 × 16
474 
Na2S2O3  100  37.92 Atomic weight of metal = 40 Ca
1250
3. For the oxidation of An+ as
(ii) Weight of H2O in 1L solution = 1250 – 474
An 
AO3 n-factor = 5 – n
= 776 g
 Gram equivalent of An+ = 2.68 × 10–3 (5 – n)
 Now equating the above gram equivalent with 100
gram equivalent of KMnO4  20N1  N  100N3
3 2
2.68 × 10–3(5 – n) = 1.61 × 10–3 × 5 5
 N1  N2  5N3
 n = +2 3
4. Molecular weight of Na2CO3.10H2O = 286 Also, n-factors are all integer and greater than or
equal to one but less than six, N3 must be 1.
 Molality of carbonate solution
1 1000  N1 = 5, N2 = 3
   0.035
286 100  In acid medium : MnO4 
Mn2
 Normality of carbonate solution = 2 ×
0.035 = 0.07 N In neutral medium : MnO4 
Mn2
8 5 In alkaline medium : MnO4 
Mn6
In acid solution : Normality of HNO3 =  0.02
2000 For K2Cr2O7 Volume : In acidic medium meq of
5  4.8 MnO4
Normality of HCl =  0.012
2000 Used = 20 × 5 = 100 = meq of R – A
Let normality of H2SO4 in final solution be N.
 meq cf K2Cr2O7 required = 100
 (N + 0.02 + 0.012) × 30 = 0.07 × 42.9
 100 = 1 × 6 × V (n-factor = 6)
 N = 0.0681
 V = 100/6 = 16.67 mL
2
 Gram equivalent of SO 4 in 2L solution 35.5
= 2 × 0.0681 = 0.1362 7. Mass of chlorine in 1.0gX   2.9  0.717g
143.5
 Mass of SO24 in solution Now, the empirical formula can be derived as
96
= 0.1362   6.5376g
2
C H Cl
1
5. 
Meq of MnO required = 20   5  2
4 % wt : 24.24 4.04 71.72
50
Mole : 2 4 2
 Meq of Fe2+ in solution = 2
Simple ratio: 1 2 1
 Millimol of Fe2+ present in solution = 2(n-
factor = 1)  Empirical formula = CH2Cl
Also, Because X can be represented by two formula of
2+ which one gives a dihydroxy compound with
4 millimol of Fe are formed from 1 millimol
KOH indicates that X has two chlorine atoms per
N2H4
molecule.
1 1
 2 millimol Fe2+ from  2  millimol N2H4  X = C2H4Cl2 with two of its structural
4 2 isomers.
Therefore, molarity of hydrazine sulphate Cl  CH2  CH2  Cl CH3  CHCl2
solution  I and
 II
1 1 1
   On treatment with KOH, I will give ethane-1, 2-
2 10 20 diol, hence it is Y. Z on treatment with KOH will
1 give ethanal as
 In 1L solution mol N2H6SO4 is present.
20 ClCH2CH2Cl  OH 
CH2  CH2
| |
1 OH OH
 Amount of N2H6SO4 = 130  6.5gL1  Y
20
6. Let the n-factor of KMnO4 in acid, neutral and CH3CH OH2 
CH3CHCl2  KOH  H2O
CH3CHO
alkaline media are N1, N2 and N3 respectively. Unstable  Z
Also, same volumes of reducing agent is used
everytime, same number of equivalents of
KMnO4 would be required every time.
8. Let us consider 10 mL of the stock solution Finally Fe2+ is oxidized to Fe3+, liberating one
contain x millimol oxalic acid H2C2O4 and y electron per Fe2+ ion. Therefore, total electrons
millimol of NaHC2O4. taken up by oxidant.
When titrated against NaOH, basicity of oxalic 1.725103  6.0231023
acid is 2 while that of NaHC2O4 is 1.
= 1.04 × 1021
 2x + 2y = 3 × 0.1 = 0.3 ….(i)
11. CO2 is evolved due to following reaction
Solving equation (i) and (ii) gives y = 0.1, x = 0.1
2NaHCO3 
Na2CO3  H2O  CO2
 In 1.0 L solution, mole of
pV
0.1 Moles of CO2 produced 
H2C2O4  100  0.01 RT
1000
750 123.9 1
0.1     5103
Mole of NaHC2O4 = 100  0.01 760 1000 0.082  298
1000
 Moles of NaHCO3 in 2g sample = 2 × 5 × 10–3
 Mass of H2C2O4 = 90 × 0.01 = 0.9 g
 millimol of NaHCO3 in 1.5 g sample
Mass of NaHC2O4 = 112 × 0.01 = 1.12g
0.01
9. With KMnO4, oxalate ion is oxidized only as 1.5 1000  0.01
2
5C2O42  2MnO4 16H 
 Let the 1.5g sample contain x millimol Na2CO3,
then
2Mn2 10CO2  8H2O
2x + 7.5 = millimol of HCl = 15
Let, in the given mass of compound, x millmol of
 x = 3.75
C2O24 ion is present, then
7.5  84
Meq of C2O24  Meqof MnO4  Mass of NaHCO3   0.63g
1000
 2x = 0.02 × 5 × 22.6 3.75 106
Mass of Na2CO3   0.3975g
 x = 1.13 1000
At the later stage, with I–, Cu2+ is reduced as 0.63
 % mass of NaHCO3  100  42%
2Cu2  4I 
2Cul  I2 1.50
0.3975
and I2  2S2O32 
2I  S4O62 % mass of Na2CO3  100  26.5%
1.5
Let there be x millimol of Cu2+ 12. The reaction is
 2+
Meq of Cu = Meq of I2 = meq of hypo
KIO3  2KI  6HCl 
3ICl  3KCl  3H2O
 x = 11.3 × 0.05 = 0.565
KIO3 required for 20 mL original KI solution = 3
 Moles of Cu2+ : moles of millimol.
C2O42  0.565:1.13  1: 2  7.5 millimol KIO3 would be required for
original 50 mL KI.
10. Mass of Fe2O3 = 0.552g
 original 50 mL KI solution contain 15 millimol
0.552
millimol of Fe2O3 = 1000  3.45 of KI. After AgNO3 treatment.
160
5 millimol of KIO3 is required, i.e., 10 millimol
During treatment with Zn-dust, all Fe3+ is reduced KI is remaining.
to Fe2+, Hence
 5 millimol KI reacted with 5 millimol of
Millimol of Fe2+ (in 100 mL) = 3.45 × 2 = 6.90 AgNO3
6.90 5
 In 25 mL aliquot,  1.725 millimol  mass of AgNO3 = 170  0.85g
4 1000
Fe2+ ion.
 Mass percentage of AgNO3 = 85%
13. The redox reaction involved is
 H2O2  2I  2H 
2H2O  I2 n-factor of Fe2+ = 1

If M is molarity of H2O2 solution, then  Meq of MnO4 = Meq of Fe2+

0.508 1000  3x + 2y = 12.8 × 0.25 × 5 × 2 = 32 ….(ii)

5M  ( 1 mole H2O2  1 mole I2)
254 Solving eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
 M = 0.4 x = 4.5 and y = 9.25
Also, n-factor of H2O2 is 2, therefore normality of 4.5
H2O2 solution is 0.8 N  Mass of Fe3O4 =  232  1.044g
1000
 Volume strength = Normality × 5.6
1.044
= 0.8 × 5.6 = 4.48 V % mass of Fe3O4 = 100  34.80%
3
14. The reaction involved in the explosion process is 9.25
Mass of Fe2O3 = 160  1.48g
1 1000
CO g  O2  g  
CO2  g 
x mL 2 x x mL 1.48
2
mL % mass of Fe2O3 = 100  49.33%
3
CH4  g 2O2 g 
CO2 g  2H2Ol  16. Meq of H2O2 = Meq of I2 = Meq of Na2S2O3
y mL 2ymL y mL
If N is normality of H2O2, then
The first step volume contraction can be
calculated as N × 25 = 0.3 × 20

 x   N = 0.24
 x  2  y  2y    x  y  13 
  Volume strength = N × 5.6 = 1.334 V
 x + 4y = 26 …..(i) 17. The redox reaction involved are
The second volume contraction is due to IO3  5I  6H 
3I2  3H2O
absorption of CO2
I2  2S2O32 
2I  S4O62
Hence,
0.1
x + y = 14 …..(i) millimol of KIO3 used = 1000  0.467
214
Now, solving equation (i) and (ii),
 millimol of I2 formed = 3 × 0.467 = 1.4
X = 10mL, y = 4mL and volume of He
= 20 – 14 = 6 mL  millimol of Na2S2O3 consumed = 2 × 1.4 = 2.8
10 2.8
 Vol % of CO = 100  50%  Molarity of Na2S2O3 =  0.062M
20 45
4 18. The balanced chemical reaction is
Vol % of CH4 = 100  20%
20 CuCO3  H2SO4 
CuSO4  H2O  CO2
Vol % of He = 30%
0.5 1000
15. Let the original contain x millimol of Fe3O4 and y
millimol of CuCO3 =  4.048
123.5
millimol of Fe2O3. In the first phase of reaction.
 millimol of H2SO4 required = 4.048
Fe3O4  I 
3Fe2  I2 (n-factor of Fe3O4 = 2)
millimol = Molarity × Volume (in mL)
Fe2O3  I 
2Fe  I2 (n-factor of Fe2O3 = 2)
 2
4.048
 Vol   8.1mL
 Meq of I2 formed = Meq (Fe3O4 + Fe2O3) 0.50
= Meq of hypo required 19. Meq of oxalate = 10 × 0.2 × 2 = 4
 2x + 2y = 11 × 0.5 × 5 = 27.5 ….(i) meq of MnO2 formed = Meq of oxalate = 4
Now, total millimol of Fe2+ formed = 3x + 2y. In meq of KMnO4 in 20 mL = 4
the reaction  Normality of H2O2 × 10 = 4
Fe  MnO  H 
2
Fe  Mn

4
 3 2
 Normality of H2O2 = 0.20 N
 0.20
 Molarity of H2O2 =  0.10M
2
The balanced reactions are :
2KMnO4  5H2O2  3H2SO4 

2MnSO4  5O2  K2SO4  8H2O
MnO2  Na2C2O4  2H2SO4 

MnSO4  Na2SO4  2CO2  2H2O
20. The balanced reaction is
2Ca3  PO4 2
6CaO  P4O10 

852
moles of P4O10  3
284
moles of CaO required = 3 × 6 = 18
mass of CaO required = 18 × 56 = 1008 g