PREFACE

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE MOST GRACIOUS, THE MOST MERCIOUS , THE MOST,MERCIFUL, FIRST AND
FOREMOST, I WOULD LIKE TO PRISE. AND EXPRESS MY HIGH GRATITUDE TO ALLAH SWT, GIVE MERCY AND
HIDAYAH, SO THAT AUTHOR CAN FNISH THIS WORKING PAPER.

I NEVER FORGET TO CONVEY SHALAWAT AND SALAM TO THE LAST MASSANGER OF GOD, OUR PROPHET,
WHO HAS GUIDED US FROM THE DARNESS TO THE BRIGHTNESS.

THIS WORKING PAPER COMPOSER ALSO HAS’T QUIT OF CHARACTER WITH ALL SIDES THAT GIVE ALSO
INSERT TO COMPLETE WORKING PAPER THAT WE MADE. BESIDE THAT IS ALSO VERY REALIZE THAT THIS WORKING
PAPER A LONG WAY OFF FROM WHAT SUPPOSED, STILL TO HAVE A LOT WEAKNESS AND DEFICIT EITHER FROM
ALSO THE CRITICISM ASPECT.

FOR THAT AUTHOR HOPES HUMBLY WIDE OPENED GET CRITICISMS AND IN CHARACTER BUILD ALSO INPUT
FOR THESE WORKING PAPER AUTHOR FULLNESS INCREASE.

EAD WORD, WITH ALONG PRAY GOOD RELEGIOUS SERVICE CHARITY FROM ALL SIDE WILL GET ALORE
REWARD BY ALLAH THE ALMIGHTY AND MOST WORTHY OF PRISE, AND GOOD THIS REPORT CAN BE OF BENEFIT TO
ALSO FOR SOCIETY MANY USUALLY.

PEMANTANG ESTATE, 17-02-2018

THE WRITER

RASELL

ii
 DAFTAR ISI
 HALAMAN JUDUL..................................................................................... i
 PREFACE................................................................................................... ii
 Table of Contents..................................................................................... iii
 BAB 1....................................................................................................... 1

PENDAHULUAN.......................................................................................... 1

- PRELIMING..................................................................................... 1
- PROBLEM INDENTICATION............................................................. 1
- PURPOSE........................................................................................ 1
 BAB 2....................................................................................................... 2
PEMBAHASAN......................................................................................... 2
- PAST PERFECT TENSE...................................................................... 2
- PAST PERFECT TENSE IN A POSITIVE SENTENE................................ 2
- PAST PERFECT TENSE IN A NEGATIVE SENTENE............................... 2
- PAST PERFECT TENSE IN SENTENCES ASKED................................... 2
- B.PRENSENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE...................................... 3
- C.DIRECT AND INDERECT SPEECH................................................... 4
- D.PREPOSITION............................................................................. 4-5
 BAB 3...................................................................................................... 6
PENUTUP................................................................................................ 6
CONCLUSION.......................................................................................... 6
1. PAST PERFECT TENSE..................................................................... 6
2. PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE....................................................... 6
3. DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH...................................................... 6
4. PREPOSITION................................................................................ 6
 BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................................................. 7

iii
 BAB 1

PRELIMINARY

A. Backgroud
English is the international language. With master the English well, then we will can communicate with other
nations in This world. Besides, we too will be able add our insights and knowledge to sake the progress of our nation
and state, because we will can read English literature, listening to overseas radio broadcasts, as well as menontong
films of other science. Thus, ultimately we can master knowledge in all fields. Every language must have relus or often
we refer to the terms of each grammar respectively, as well as with english,many once the rules that must be
considered in its use, especially in the field of writingnya. by therefore, the author tries to present four rules listening
to everseas radio broadcasts, as well as menontong films of other science. Thus,ultimately we can master knowledge
in all fields. Every languange must have rules or often we refer to the terms of each grammar respectively,as well as
white english, many once the rules that must be considered in its use,espicialy in the fied of writinya.by therefore,the
author tries to present four rules of the many rules of the english language,in addition to fulfilling the assignment of
lecture also aims hopefully writing this brief can add to our insight about english.the four rules we mean are:past
perfect tense,present perfect continuous tense,direct and indirect speech,preposition.that the speakers will be
presented in the next chapter.

B. Problem Identification
In this paper we conclude some that will we discussed, namely:
1. What is past Perfect Tense, the formula and how the example?
2. How is the Persent Perfect Continuos Tense, what kind of formula, the division
as well example?
3.What is Direct and Indirect Speech (direct sentese and indirect) it?
4. Preposition.
C. Purpose
From the identification of the problem above, then the author of course aim to explain or expose point-point,
in accordance with our knowledge obtained from both the source book and from the teachers we. Hopefully all of
them provide benefits for we. If there are any writing errors or words inside this paper, the writer apologize the great-
magnitude.

1
 BAB II

PEMBAHASAN

A. Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Tanse is similar to Present Perfect Tense just different in time only. Present Perfect Tense of an
event or event FINISH (perfect, perfect) now, for example : She has just gone (He just left). While Past Perfect Tense is
a past tense (Past) of the Present Perfect Tense, as it is called Past Perfect Tense, equally Perfectnya! If Present Perfect
Tense using the formula S + Have / has + V3, then Past Perfect Tense uses the past form of Has / has is “HAD”. Past
Perfect Tense Formulas
 Positive : S + had + V3
 Negative: S +had + not + V3
 Question: Had + S + V3

Past Perfect Tense is often used with use another setence in the past (Past Tense) associated with such a connection
When (when), AfAfter (after). To emphasize that it’s perfect in the past.

Sample sentence:

 Past Perfect Tense in a positive sentence

Formula: S + had + V3
1. I had gone When He arrived at my home
“I had gone” is Past Perfect Tense, with the subject is I. Look at his “had”, and the verb the third form (V3)
is gone. As per the formula S + had + V3. The comparative sentence is past tense : “When He arrived at my
home”.
2. I had written 3 articles when you visited my blog for the first time
So Past Perfect Tense is about “Already, times then”. Present Perfect Tense on “Already, now”. The
formula is similar, because both are Perfect. Every Perfect definitely use 3rd form work verbs on it its main
verb or its auxiliary verb.
3. I had studied hard but I didn’t make good result in the exam.
4. You had told me twice before I understood
 Past Perfect Tense in a negative sentence
Formula : S + had + not + V3 We just added the word NO after HAD. like the following example : I had not
studied hard, so I did not understand.
 Past Perfect Tense In Sentences Asked
We just change the word putting the word HAD before the subject : The formula : Had + S + V3 For example
- Had You studied hard my friend?
- Had You told me about this problem?

2
B. Present Perfect Continous Tense
Stating an event,event and so on, which has happened and stiil lasts even very likely will continue. from the
past till now even later.the word “already” or “from the first” here can be it’s time yesterday, 2 hours ago, a century
ago, can also a few minutes ago. The point is the incident to be expressed in Present Perfect Continuous Tense is
actually similar to Present Continuous Tense, it’s just not the pressure at the moment, but in that time period : it is,
still and it will happen. for example:! she has been learning english for 3 years ! I have been teaching english since last
year ! they have been touring since yesterday all the underline words show us that all work and activities are still takes
place, and may even continue on again the later period.

 present per4fect continuous use tense

we use the peresent perfect contious when we are meet the condition where an event has been long
ago and just stopped.exemples of conditions is like this : mira asked sinta why the streets were wet. f mira:
shita,the road is wet do you know why? f shinta : it has been raining mira. it has been raining is a present
perfect sentence contious. shinta explains that the previos one has been rain. present perfect continuous
sentences always in touch with curret conditions. Consider the following sentences : Q jamie is very tired. He
has been working very hard. (He is tired now) Q You are bleeding. What have you been doing? (you are
bleeding now) Q she has been talking to lra about the plan. lra is telling everyone now.
 Formulas
- Positive: Subject + have / has + been + verb-ing
- Negative: S + have / has + not + been + Ving
- Ask: Have / has + S + been + Ving
 Examples
- We have been discussing the problem for several hours. (+)
- She has not been learning english for 3 years. (-)
- Has She been learning english for 3 years?. (?)
 Perfect Presuous Ptresen Combination Tense
To explain the event that took place since last and still lasts until now, we can cimbine it with how
long, for and since.
 Example of sentences
 How long have you been watching this movie? (You’re still watching the movie)
 Where is joni? I have been looking for him for the last there hours (You’re still looking
for joni)
 Every Every Sunday he practices swimming at Ragunan. He has been swimming since
he was five (He still practices swimming)
The last sentence also shows something that is repeated over a period of time.
 Comparison of Present Perfect Continous with Present Continuous
1. Present Continous
a. Fahmi, please answer the phone. I am cooking now.
b. Lets go to that house, it is raining.
c. Ben, we are waiting for you please hurry.
2. Present Perfect Continous
a. I have been cooking for there hours, now i’m going to watch tv
b. The road is wet. It has been raining
c. We have been waiting for two hours, now let’s get going

3
 At present continous tense all sentences inditaces the curret condition. While at present perfect continous,
the sentence is divided into two parts ie the part that is at the moment now and in the past.

C. Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct and indirect speech is used to say or retell what is said someone to someone else. In Direct Speech
(Direct Sentence) we repeat exactly like what someone said or what we hear by not changing a single word.
For Example: My sister said: ‘I have lost my money’.
In direct speech, sayings or words repeated placed in quotes with preceded by a colon after Reporting Verb. Sentence
direct (Direct Speech) is usully used on conversations in books, theatrics, drama, or quotations. If Direct speech above
converted into Inderect Speech would be: My sister said that she had lost her money. Based on the above example it is
clear that Simple Past Tense in quotes turns into Past Perfect Tense in Indirect Speech. To convert Direct Speech into
Indirect Speech that needs to be considered is Reporting Verb in the form of Simple Present Tense, then in Indirect
Speech will not change Tense. What changed only its Pronoun.
D. Preposition
Preposition is the part of the particle followed by object. In its use, The peoposition forms a phrase against the
preceding word of the words that follow. Use this preposition is influeced by a verb or word the nature that preceded
it. Principles of use the preposition is divided into three types:
1. Based on a verb or an adjictive precede it
Example: object to, wait for, live in, look at, turn off, etc.
2. Based on the object that follows it
Example: made in + place description, agree with personal noun / personal pronoun, etc.
3. Based on the meaning
Example: switch on = turn on, go out, etc.
This preposition there are several kinds, such as Preposition of Place (the front word that shows place), Preposition of
Time (the foregroud that show time).
 Preposition of Place
Is a preposition that shows the relationship between two or more object. For example: “The lamp is
on the table”contains the preposition”on”. This word shows the space connection between the lamp and the
teble. The most common place prepositions are: in, on, under, next to, in front of, behind, at. in, on, under, in
front of, and behind are clearly visible.
Examples the sentence is:
 The dog is in the box
 The paint is under the table
 The man is next to the building
But it is a more abstract concept-This preposition is used to refer to a point in space, usually a point on a line.
See the following for a more detailed explanation.
In is used to inditace something that is surround or surround us.
Example:
 I sleep in my bedroom
 The desk in the room
In is also used for geographical areas such as cities and country. For example: “I live in London”or”I live in
England”
On is used to denote something that is on a surface. For example:

4
  I sleep on my bed
 The paper is on the dask
On is also used for street names, for example: “l live on orchard roard “. at used to show something that are at
a certain point,often as part of a line. as example:
 marzuqi is at the bus stop
 amirul is at the post office

at also used for full addresses, example:

 “ l live at 98 kadudampit road,sukabumi, west java”.

To make sure wen we can use in,on or at ? it depends on the speaker’s perspective, and what is consideret
acceptable in English.

 preposition of time
preposition of trime is also used as adverbs of time. that is a word that can provide information about
when,how,where,or on the situation which is expected by smothing.the words that show time, among others:
at,in,on,for,since,during,from.... to/tiil/until.before and after.
1. at use on:
- hours: at 5 o’clock
- mial time: at lunchtime,at breakfast
- religious event: at rajaban, at muludan
- specific time: at morning, at week-end
2. in used on :
- part of theday :in the ninght, in the evening
- month: in july, in may
- season: in autumns,in the spring
- year: in 2010,in 2012
- century : in seventh century
3. on used on:
- day:on Monday,ontueday
- certain days: on his wedding day
- date: on (the) 30 (of) may
4. for used to say how much long smothing happened.
example : amirul mu’minin was in sukabumi for fiveteen yearss.
5. since used to say when smothing that started to happen.
example: ahmad marzuqi has gone since 13 o’clock
6. during use to declare period the time when the event occurred.examle: l wiil do that during the
holiday next week
7. from ......to/till/untill and between....and used to state how much time spent between starting a
job up the job is done. example: l wiil be of from the begginning until the end of juny.
- you can see her between 1 and 10 october.
8. before and after is used for states what to do after other work or what has been done before
doing anything else. example:
- after dinner, I will watch TV.
- She arrived before five o’clock

5
 CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION

1. Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense is a phrase indicating a past meaning, or a matter of action has happened in the past (past).
Then deep its use of verb tense form of Has / has “HAD”.
The formula:
- Positive: S + had + V3
- Negative: S + had +not + V3
- Question: Had + S + V3
Example:
- I had slept when you came to my house last night. (+)
- I had not slept when you came to my house last night. (-)
- Had I slept when you come to my house last night? (?)
2. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
The usual time characteristics of Present Perfect Continuous Tense is the same as in Present Perfect. For example:
since, for dll. These tense are for declare the deeds that have been implemented.
The formula:
S + HAVE / HAS + BEEN + V3
Example:
Amirul has been studying for this campus for two years.
3. Direct and Indirect Speech
Direct ang indirect speech is used to say or retell what someone said or what we hear by not changing a single word.
Example:
- My friend said: “I have lost my money”. (Direct speech)
- My friend said that he lost his money. (Indirect Speech)
4. Preposition
Preposition are words which give information about When, How Where, or in what circumstences something happens.
Example: I studying at STAI Syamsul Ulum Sukabumi, West Java.

6
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Simanjutak, Herpinus.2005. English System 52M vol. 2. visipro: Jakarta

Emalia lragiliati Lukman, M.Pd., Dra.2004. Headlight An Extensive Exposure to English Learning for Higt School
Students. Publisher: Erland, Jakarta

http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/01/present-perfect-continuous.html

http://klikbelajar.com/pelajar-sekolah/pelajaran-bahasa/bahasa-english/belajar-bahasa-inggris-present-
perfect-continuous

http://rindeera.wordpress.com/2009/07/26/direct-and-indirect-speech

7
PAST PERFECT TENSE
NAMA KELOMPOK : 3
 ADNI NUR EKO C.
 DHORI
 DIAN DAMAYANTI
 ENDANG LESTARI
 FAIDIN
 MISIH DAMAYANTI
 M. SYAIFUDI
 M. M. ULUM
 WENDIANUR
 NURUL KHASANAH

SEKOLAH SMA PGRI TEGUH-SEMPURNA

TAHUN AJARAN 2018/2019