Modul Karangan B Tamil PMR PDF

k
 MODUL KECEMERLANGAN PMR BAHASA TAMIL 2012
- t
km
‘ur p

’ e
π
t
p tm. i

!"r, ‘ o%&k () elp e %,-m ./n. a 23 a4
e % u5l il; an 5 e %7k ( %m a89r’ e" :;5/r.
u(< u=r2l >;; ktl a<
;. ?m e @ µt 23
am <r u(< m. i"t
eyp r,
‘µ
; - e8Dt
a ’
e"t e,E;t5
/r. lr, π"r a3n i

F m a3n
G"p r.
<H4
Ekm Ekm I-m o% =yt Jm e
/l
K. e", t rnep Jl m K "< i%tl (m. ‘u
( r eL
; eDl? N eL
;, ep )p 3
e
;
eDl5/
’ e
/r π
m. Ol, .Pπ l m<c eDkm ( r7 m 3l (m; 3l
(m. .4t <5P <<
;. (
; i kFl atP/
i)tLtt J%tm π
ik=m Om.
it=c ./pm k(. aH&m < ePm il Hc ./p k
<m u(. o
; << i" m, G/m, , l, urE E, DJ m rk.
ivE
" u/E 23 urn. ivE/2
<
< uk u=rt ()
.e %<

" a3 t lI,l o
/"t <k a,tr. 9nLLt

"k e( i/" i/F5 n L5
/r e
/l et=c
./p yn e
"m. a"l
9nLLt ‘mπL

’ e
/ tr.
k ik=m t ik=<y, ik5<y 27F5r m ik5tJl
r u7r. ar,l aJ<&m S%m ./n ik=<yt Jnr. aJ<
<
"
. S Kpr. aJ<
O(. S e (. o%r eDlm Knr.
<Pe/%r T . i%pπ&m iP/k m L ik5m P;m Ur urn
iv2%%km eDnm. 53tP4 elVkHk 53kpe P/ aJ<
, at
u(= SWm arm K@m NXI () a!k a,t< k
e %<
/?
Yt e7lm eDlVk e(3 m. <n u/E,l Hc./p
k(. iPk L=m e
/ u/E < )k e!m Ur u/E.
ynLk n e4E eDy µ); nt ynr )k e7
i. ip ) ovr u/Em < a<kp 3m. O"l, ( " <
)k e7m. π/ u/E!k ilc ./p k i%k iEm o% L=<
a<m e
< %t. Ol
, eypr J%!r, k Yt <m
H Zn aJLF7p 3t,t7r. a µ/, , Lyl, [ ,
:3 . πl lm u(, alm u( e
" rnekm OyEk
u tJ l , [ , :3 e" u;J eDy (e<
!m u=rtm
πk=m.
O, l ( Lp e P/π
, aLk tk e7l m 3<m.
a43µ7 .; P/tk %J lr i kk:3. u5l P/Klr %m
ir. el-k uKW(; Nrk νLW(; ]Ekp lV i u(. e", m l
( L OLyn 5"l, a43µ7 .; P/tk %k:3; %J"l l
( L i p m! ‘ :3 P p e(?m’ e
/ 2_r V
4
2-m π-m ktJ-m Gk<"l ./km; E iHkm.
p:
r . 1
k
m - t
km
‘_m %J&m :m m

%J i3tl eD
’
e
; e % e Jn µ F5"r ‘m aYl’ aJLtJ
I eyp r J%!r.
e
" On %t! o%

2l ePYp l `3 3 (<? µVl
a
%tJl e7 () ePY yp t %m c aG i%k5/ e
;
Oyn rtc eDl Om e
5/r !p e %n.
tp l
< eDym il; [< eDym il. O"l
<
[< e
aL4
J3K [r<Hk5/. O"l
‘t r eDy’
e
/"r m µ
"r. iWJr tJl <%kk :3t bk5k e( al
e
"
? a l mKl r F%<l 3< OPY2
< k2l e
;
en e5
/m. iPl el Gc.!m t o); tJP TP
3e ;5
/" e
/ %(< 27F L m eDl!m D4 J3F!m D4 un
" a,k.
‘m e

/’ e
;m ‘m ur
/’ e
;m m µ
"r tp
PY nP Tk u7. <-m, t µk<y tm etm nr
m µ
"r. i/n m, Gm, eJrm e" c
; F7 µ/ k
k, OP; e7tJl a)tc eDl-m D% a<Wm e

Jl e77Em
ZKl. i u=rn L=tJ"l
e
", m µ
"r 2"te e
/
o%e ik=tJl LE t"L?
i/n m < LP/ u=rtm. m 3n n Wm aJl bp 3
<L µ7 l <kp )pπ"k 3l. 3n F,l m
eDy P/t J%tJk e7 i/nm <k L<m. 7,l
F7
</kEm kF7t /kEm ink n
%2 4Wm. 3n m D4tJLm!
eJrm! m ep ) a<tk e7p 5/m e
Yt J3m Om.
eJrtJl e
" , en d, ep )p 3 k µ/ e
"k Yt m [m
e(=F7 eJrm. eJrtJl e
" 3km e
; %k< e4, i%pπ&m
J3K3l (m. eJrm 2.tJLm!
Gm! 3n m e
, ipe @ l il. eJrm epe @m m
l il. Gm o
/ GcD<"; DtJ<"; <kc DtJ<"m :3.
i <k OLm; a)t7m. ipe @ u7 t m µ/t J3K3l,
eJrm ./n 27Fm, 3n m D4tJL<m! ill eJrm i%( m.
3n m 4tJL<m! Gm GLnLm!
m aYn 3< OPY"l <H E ./km; Gkm. 7 e(e 7k
3t, P/ e(e en <l i
/ e(e em %<m. tt
,p
,p m. µm Lµm e%kEm tJL. e",
o
/ eDym,
/ eDym, aEm i
/ eDym! GtJl eP;
o
;
7<" eJrtJP I-m. l G< l eJrtJP
e@p 5
/ µ
&Lt J5/.
p:
r . 2
k
pp km - t

km
‘e)l km 9 <m’ e

l(!k µ
m µ
"r :Yc
eD
/ µe<Im. imµe<Ikp e %nJ/ a<5/ .pp km. .tl
e
e
"? 9-m .t-m o
/5 23 µ)W<? a)p 3l iL(m y2
rt7k :; e
/-m iv2L()Pm G/ ;  u7". m 3µ/
kl G/ Dm F7k (5/m. a uL3 tl 95/m.
O"l, .tl e
TP" µ/ e@p 3 al uL3
ucD4tl Om. ip kt e,Jl e( L µ). µVl ove% eDP7Wm
e@tk :) ucD4t π
at e3rn a<l tJ" 732l a DL7<m.
.pp ktJP T
iv7E µk5tm L (m e
/ Zm e m. l2
P;k e(3 < e"Em .r G"km. O"l, l2k P;k eP
a)t7< 27F .t Om. 3pttJl u7 Jp 4n e7
(m e
/l, µVl a <k .kt e4 (m. .pp ktp k5k
e
cm
m 9<p π/r u2
Y P 2%mπk Pm. a"l
,
.pp km .;JV%n 5k e7 () o% k<m. ape @
i;JL m a a<l tJ

< = µ)Wm.
.;Jl .p ucD4t <m tJk eP e
/-m 732l a

aJ4k5
/. p k5l m G/ 2DF7k = OLmπp m. J
2DF7 aY () 3µm TP m.
‘evt / um ut
avt / aYE’
e
/ m e ye<Ip r :Yc eD
;7r. Ol, P uc eDyJ
a"tWm avp aYn tJ%tl ./p m. iv; i%kl, J"n;m
π/r n :;r e
; eJr rtk e( i%k i. i
/ L Lp Kn
utJl < µ
n eDyJ7 aYn e(3l
2Ip=rE3
µ)Wm;
il2)l 5=P;t 75 2m. iPc ./n I .t Om.
2DF7 .p
cm <kp l aY %m.
a<K
Y, .tl H<HH
e<I 7rc.Wm <m t5/. P/
.p
cm m< aY< <k ik= ik5k :; 27F5
/". π
,
a 3µ/ kl µ/p
t uE5/. aJ-m, , <=r F
e<Ip 3F,l ./n 27F .tl e 4m uE5/. i
cm, ar aJ<c
eDyWm ik=t ;7t 2rkm. a<K
Y, J J eDP7 aY
cm
ar,
e<I 7µm e %m. Ol, .tl e<Ic fLI2V%n 2rk5/
e"m.
i%pπ&m, i
/ um L Lp Kn523 <P/tJ"l mK3
iv.pp km =<P y 23. .;r µl e 4r L T o%
L=tJP Lt3
)p U)ke()%k5/r. ir,
e
""
Ltp =p 3 p!km ,p /p 3 3)k!km 27!km
e" i
&m P;km eD25
/"r. D4, a ar,

%J e"
etke(3-m, a 2t ar!kk 53km UyE Ltt ek.,
JLp 3F, . e"p d" >3F Ytk e5
/". ip )%kl,
mK3 .pp km /n e(3 eDl5/. inG< e3rnl m
%F DnJ"L e 4m Jkp r. Ol, Lpπ"Ll Lp 3
3)k ekp 3 (m.
o%4
µ
"P/tJP a)t7< 27F m <. e", π7 .pp
kt a<l t µ
< 3)k7p e P/r7 ek (m. n7k
p:
r . 3
k
eH <tJ-m Lt pπ-m Drt 23 Orm m e P/r, ar7

gtJl u;pπ"Lc Drt 23Em Orm 3 (m. gtJl ar!k TP/
tF7 etk et ar7 .kc eDy (m. ar7 e P/r!m
i=n .tl ./p m. i
cm, π7 e P/r,
I3p π
P;r.
<-m, e P/r .;r 2%mπ tF7Wm F5t L (m.
e"VL<
, `r l, µl
/  c9 > <K
Y
e"Yk
:;7Wm etLk5
/". i"l .;r o@kt3&m 7rr.
a"t, ,!m 9P;p/ DctJ"%m .pp kt <m t
3)k7 ek (m. , <=r,3 .pp kt aJ4k µVl
9 gt a<k (m. π
, L<" tF7 <=r &k F5
k (m. O.4r .p
I 53km
<7 <=r!kt
e4p t (m. <-m, ove% Lµm <=r /n o% tt
)tJ%k5
/"L e
u;J eDy (m. ar!kt k e<JWm a,k
(m. m DctJ"r 2 k,l ) eDyl, 49p e %!kp Jp
tF7 F5k ekm kt i
/ a72l 3µ/ t (m. )p p
l iH<" e/
;m il. Ol, J%<=F,l iHpp (3F!kp
Jp tF7k et-m e/
;m il.
Ol, .p l
< u7" e
u7F elVk Hy
p 5/. ip kt µm a<l tJ
< e ;<! 2DF7 .t m
.n"Wm 7p tJ o% ./n <H3" ivEtJl ePY 3 <!
i o t u" e$y&' - ()m
o% tJl u Lp 3tJl << aYp 3 <.t J%, i
; u
7-m, ut r7-m T
u <k7-m :3 aYp 7 e

e,3<m. iv7rc.l m t r!k <<l ove%
)<&km F u7 <;p r %Kr. Ur urn i3tJl m i%p P µk5
Ty a< m <k,3 G2%m oP;< u=r Om. i" oP;< e
/
Oer
< eDIp " <<L<y 7L IV eHl a K.
<. lV" <k @m <. iP7m <<
Y <H7µm o%F
a<n e
" m J%. <ykLr, f"r, inJr, h
, 3D
, ]rdk) e"p
lV" <k lV=km e P;p e %E @m
". lV" <k, e<I,
; 3 ( , D<m, DLm e" ;  G/n m, P;<l o%<
( l << m u aLF5l GKrn GP5
/. P;<!m %t
; !m <H kl il " o
;. an P;<7k 7n )
t µ
H;tJ 3p l
7rc.l J7tJ%k5/ m.
‘o
; 3l u( E, oP;< NF5l a"%km E’ e
; )"r <2
LJ. ik:P/ e<ypπkm (=m o
; @mG m <k,
<"tJl
i
Y i%k5/. 55 O(!k µ
"r, 2 L3tJl o
; 3 OF5
aL.3m µ/3"r m µ
"r. c2"µm o
; P;< NF5 i(3Hl 9nJLp
c9rt 3tJ
27E
)
2. O, <k,
oP;<kk
53t µl 49 2<Jpπl )
2. a
; m P/ 3m, i
; L
e3rn %l
<Em <k E 7<Em i%k5/.
<.t J% T" u !k etk3Em lI)Em
27FP <.4
i" oP;< µl L=m. oL i"< D<< 5/
)l:3 D(3, [2Lm, Orp 3m e" a<J
< GEk (:3k =
µ)5/. D
/, a3
3k =m. [2LtJl µ
"e 5km 3t
p:
r . 4
k
J5/. Kl <k a"V3 @y i3r 5

/"r: r 5
/"r. </,
i" oP;< e(=tJ-m k (=tJ-m e( )
t µ
H;tm
<k7 <. e PY%p l a<Jp ]Ft J5/. 9P;p e!m
<3t F iL(3m <yk %5
/"r.
lV" <k l << oP;< a.m e
/ G
Y </, oP;<
u=rE e
enc aG-m a"L-m 3pπ)k () µk5k :/m.
oP;<l "l, 74!k <5c. e
r. a, 74 nJLtl
T<PYt
ik e,Jl a3n2m. 74 =Fe(3 <H%m ip2l
aJµ(. ir, F
"tJP eWm eDyt enr e
l
<k,3 i" oP;< il "l G< e
"m? GcDm π7E <k
< eJ47y <Yp m. m 2Lk e(3 m (=k tc eDyr 74
=Fe(3 <Hr e
m e
;m G"2l G;t (m. oP;< il<l
F!k7 D(3 3 DLD ()r ) n LK n LP/
um aYWm.
i"eP;<
a.t mt r
u=L (m. ill,

d3y 27Fm 93y <;m e
J(=m. ica
u=rn m a

πL<r 3t l mp
apl iLDk O/ πL<Lp 2 u;Je<I etk
e(3 π
"r 3c Hc./n µ/l I3tP T ‘oL <.’ e&m
<k!k µ
&4<, a3EGk µk5tm a,k l J e aY2tr.
‘e
" .;<t O&m
u u7m ’
e
5/ !m. lV"p π7E .Y7 O"-m :3, u u(3<"l aI
u;Jm e
!m u=rtm u(<. ‘oP;<lk m m o%Kk em’
e
, i" oP;<l o%DL d@m e
<. <k u=L()
%(<. µ) <"m o
; 3l i"m o
; m. i"m o
; 3l m e ;m
e
u;J. e", i" oP;< )
t u;J eDy5/; u;J eDyWm e

u=rn P;<7k 7n o
; m!
l +,mt uk+"l e- em .&'r - ()m
le% m m lk m e

r m µ
"r. d ./n 27F5"l
./n 27Fm. )
7rc.
a7El m m e
/l a K. m tc
f4 µ/l I3tm ./n a<cDr, G%5 e (= e
; a;Jk :/m.
ik:P/ <;p 4r e
;m en :/m. o% m t
µ/l G%5km
OP/l e (!k u(. Ol, l m t u%kJl e (,
F
a7p 4.
K</ ‘il/<l l/<
;’ e
; U5
/. il/m l/<y iF
(e<Hl e (,
F i
Y<. ‘<"2 a<elm i/
et
Lm’ e
r. <-m, kt =m Ytp e ye<Ip r, ‘<"2"
P= PeDy u37y i%km e @ o%&k il e? O"l,
a,3tJl P= PeDy ilk tJl o%&k i%p e? o
;Kl’, e
;
m 3 uLk5
/r. !m, ‘kt =m’ e
/r aJL< a<t7<,
m t u%kJl e (,
F et=c ./p yn e
p p tm.
m tkt =Em kk m Drp m e (7 e
<;k2
u(<.
p:
r . 5
k
l m m e
e
"?
<k7p e PY%p "! avl
<k7p
e P;c D
/"y u aLF5l u2m P ec eDy r r? O(7? il!
e ("! %EP/ ne3F5 <p ; F3n, n 7rp µl
<Pl2L aL e7% <HWm e @e% (=µ< iLE l (2Itk 3<
OP; r e (7. e",
<k7 u%km Jc93r e (7 e
"m.

<k7 u%kJl Kn e ;<, Jm, aL=p (m. it a4
=F,
i%pπ3m <<
Y π/pπ3µm e (,3<. l <"2 o% m tJ
a . l n7 an a k a Drkm ae

.
‘Om e (=, aIm e (=’, e
e (,
G%tJ/"p
/DP;m µe<I e
p r u=rJl. r iPp l e % rr.
O"l, u(<" 27km eHl,
< Om e (=, [< aIm
e (=, e
m. m tJl
<7 u%k5t % !m e (
. [<7
e%k5t [yp !m e (
. i" u=rt ()t
<P(3 µe<I
e<In"r m µ
"r. m tJ
GJ G%m e3F5 =&k <JWL Fm L
e (7 e %m FP;5
/"r e
e,3<. a"P/
, ove% Oe
ePYkp π
"l o% e ( i%k5/ e
/"r.
‘gp c f, p p π7’ e
/ e<I <k u"rtm u(<
eHl, l m t u%k r e (7 e
m. a <tJLKl,
‘il, iltL., <"’ e&m eDP, e (7 m t G%5km ./n
<Jl-r e
Pc D
; r"m. K ik=tJl l e
/ o
;(. O( l,
e ( l, r l, o
/
l, 2
l e
" a. e ( l eDP!k O( l
a<" e<I il. O"l, il!km iltL.km O( l eDl? ap )
u%k5"-m a
e %? iqe
/ m e (7 ilt OPt
J"r e
p /DP/! O, l m m e (7 u%5
/ e

Y
<V3 27k.
a"tp 4-m %=Wm 2l i
µm u3y a< m m. aJl
%=" ilk
il Em, i
<" ilk
LEm
a<"m. l m m a< a
, %=, e ;<, Jm
/ a%F=F
(m. ilπ iv %F=F a<p e P/r e (7 e
eDlVt
e4 ()Jl. e ( e ;<
.Lm, a
π
ik=m, %=k3l,
Jc93r
/r. ir7 l m t u%k µ)Wm.
‘i" i"l i
µ)km e
/yn
a" a
( 23l’
e
m Zm !
k. aPep l m t u%kJl rnr
e (7 e
l ap e ar,3< 2p " µ/<! i
/ m µ
"r
<!
iP/
aY, l m t u%kJl e %m FP; r e (7!

"k p Jl,
="k p Jl,
m tJ
k p Jl ep m
%t3
i%p 7 e (. i u=rtt
m µ
"r, ‘e (!k d3 um’
e
;m ‘e ( d)
(’ e
;m e<In"r. e ( d)
(7Em
b(7Em i%p l
)
(7Wm b(7Wm u%k µ)5/ e
/
%(< 27Fm. iP/p e ( i Yt On .nJt µ)ep r7"l
m F l7 <;m. aF eyF @m.
p:
r . 6
k
mπk 1 1 e2k+ at m - ()m
‘eyt
O eH&m µP.
e<y%tk :V %m’
e
5/ K</ !m. i/< µ) e
/ m m eDyWm µP."
aP u(3" "t %m e
!p LDH
µ) " µ)E. <-m eDl
(<
, o%
o% 4tt
"mπke µ
; a µ)Wm µ/
L=< µ) e
/-m, m µP." a&3 u3l u pπP4 >Jtk
ekm. O i"l m aY, <HH

"mπk ePYk a)t7<y
a< e
m.

"mπk e
i
; r /p e % e5
/"r.
"mπk e(
iF "t =t3
a5/
e" µtJL t5
/"r. a)p 3l ik:P;
e<y
;.
"mπk e
‘e
"l µ)Wm’ e
; mom mOP/lom m e!m
mπk. O"l, =m e
‘e
"l << µ)Wm’ e
; i%<pk
em. it
m µ
"r, ‘
"mπkkm =tJPm g7 ; ’
e" e<In"r.
"mπk e(3
&m
, π/LWm 2p
. =m
e(3" π/LWm aItt &m aI
.
"
m mπk! <HH
m
"mπk!
"mπkl
<H
µe-mπl <H&k op "
. µe-m il <H
t 53p
.
a"l GKrn GP e@n 3k µ). epe @m o% cl µ3F5
53p
. a ,
"mπkl <H&m µP.
Y µ"pπ
Y 7rc.
Y
53p
.
"mπk e(3
Drn Dmπk 53p Jl. a
2l eJrNcDl
µ
"/t )p
; µ
"YWm
.
i
; <H
ePY a3Pp L=F 3p 3-m µPL=<yt
J
"mπk. eIlν u5l el< eHy <Y%m 7-m,
<H

ePYk i/< L=m 5/
. O"l, o
/"
</n23k:3. i/< <
Y o% m >3. <-m ePY
2,m t
e3eLlm eDl e
"? ‘e
o%
"kt " u2 e5/",
a&kt
i/
u2 eDy
’ e
;". O, <HH
ePY u;J eDy

"mπk.
‘
" Y "ke% )l

" Y " e5/
’
e
5/r J%<nJLtJl J%cr.
" aYn
, 4n
, e4n e,n
ev2
Kl 5/
. </,
" aY"
H
eJkt " L=<y
a<5
/
. et= u(<.
" aYn
e
?
"mπk u7"
"
aYn"
.
" m5/

"mπk u7
.
"mπk u7
,

eDl
ePYkm l2km L=m e

u=rn
. <-m,
OP/l7Wm aYn aP/ OktJPp

tJ ePY e ;5/
.

"mπk >km Ll. >km Okm Ll. Okm ePYk a)t7m
a<k5/.
"mπk eJr</c .n",
µl eJ4. E<"p
<, Dm l,
bkm, ntl, 3< </tl
/ eJr</ e(=F7t
Dm
a(323
"mπk.
"mπk r</c .n"
Oer
/. <H
o% eDc eDyP" a%<%n7" µP., P., e3rc.t e3rn

Ll
"mπkm. Ol
,
"mπkl ePYk a)t7m a<k
µ)5/.

"mπk u3
, o
;m il m elm u3
O
.
"mπk
aP/", elm i%nm o
;m il"
. O, eE< il<l
"mπk e&m
p:
r . 7
k
acDe o
; i%n m, ePYtL µcD=m Le
" u µ@< U)c
eDl µ)Wm.
"mπk. <(el 3 o% 2k:3, µ7p P
<(=23Em
" m5/. <H

"mπk m 23l ep )?
45kl
o 1 c e$mp,t &' - ()m
u3m ur ik <J4 m 3µ/ k e<I

ik5/.
e
"
%2 %2 rt-m e<I o% %2
e" ok523 µ). e)l
µl 3 L e<I e
Kc Dµ m 7rc.m iL(3/k n.
a"l
Kkl2Wm K r Wm π4tp rp )"<. <H"c
eDm<p t e
kp tl al fr< eDyl Om.
l2l o% e;m 7r G<m. iF l-m ](m <Lµm 7L<
Y
l lr 27 a4J&m a4! km l lr7 h
e/p l
l2 Om. it
,
‘el µm h
Ym - l2
il d3 i%(3 de3
!
)pπr G/n )t"m - )
)pπr G/n 9e3

!’
e
5/r nr LJD
. l
Y <(
/ t µ

Y cte<I e
/
e %<k4 Ke<I, o% <H"c eDm<p t5/ e
eL-m <;k µ).
u e<I, ( m o@kµm iL(3/k n u
" e<I e
/ <(
Ke<I D%m. e", aYEm OP/-m, (m ./pm G/n o% <H"
u%k Kkl2 e
Jl ZKl. u e<I, µ
e<I e&m
./pk4 Ke<I ,-m, 2,-m, ik5p 3p,-m h=
ucDF7k e(7.
i% tLm gP/(3 k5 iH Kkl2k P/ o%
T;3 3
µ)Wm; e@c.p ( 3 µ)Wm. Kkl2 o% <H"c eDm<p t5/ e

<;k2 u(<. o% <H&kc ./n l2 ye<Ik l2
e
e<Il
aY_r al 9s3r e
4
aDk µ)k %t. W"s (UNESCO) e&m uk
l2 7rc. ikµm n!kc ./n l2 ye<Ik l2
e" a;Jk
:YW7. e", K l! Kkl2 l! m u(<l .nJk5
/r7
(e<Hl KIk P µ/. Kkl2 -m e @ .n" 243Wm;
2"k
;m; OyE 7%m; aYE 243Wm. i, F @m µ/.
<H"c eDm<km µ/.
e
" 7m il int Ke<Il? eDl7m; e %7m; ik= ik5
7m e
; ak5k e(3 m. et" et" 7F eIkm 7nK
e<I. e"
, K aY_%m π/e<I aY_%m Ke<Ikl2 o% <H"c
eDm<p t5
/ e
; aYJm u;Jm :;5
/"r. Ur etk ( m.
5%tm LpP inJ nr o% J4r. 5%tm Lp ()t Ke<I
P/r. K l rnJ@kp 3r. H-m iH J%DtWm e!tK
!tWm OF5tJl e<Ie rtr. i<<...
&3 l/l ‘iF o%
K <=
u/F5k e()%k5/
’ e
/ DtWm e Ykc eDyr. ar
;<lr y.W. p
. ine% D
; Kkl2 o% <H"c
eDm<p tm OP/l e(3 e
u;J t!
Kkl2 o%"c eDm<p t l e/n e<I-m µ). iPc
D
/t KI-7 ik5 7F7k Ypπ3m. KI-7 ik5F ove
;m
p:
r . 8
k
o% <H"c eDk5c eDp Hc eDm<p tm OP/l e(3. 53kpe P/,
Kt
< gm elpπm e3F5 iP/ ,-7 .;, k2
L ove
;m ove% <H&m " a, / eFz"m eD@<p t2-m
e
; e7te, et5
/". elpπtt e3l e<Ik <<l
eDvEk ik=m Pπk5/. K</m J%k/ 2l 7p
tm etm a,k5
/. Zme %mpπF7 ( k %{F7y
µ5k5
/". iv2k5F7k P
<H" al<l H" <Y ut%kc
D
/"Em I)Em J l
e
e,3<.
J%Dµm Lt J%µ/!m Or 3l!m .tr 3l!m
i/kk ik=m D<k5
/". ‘(c)p kF <(c)p m’ e
5/r
a% 2l 3|r 7r. J%k/,l
!"r lEkp lLm I
)"r. eDm<" Ek o% <H
o@kt u4&m <p PY o@
() a.m e
,
‘o@km 2@p m L
o@km
u4&m Um p m’
e
5/r. 2cDkLrtJ m ", ‘o%&k o%tJ’ e
/ urn o@kt uk
u=rtJk 2m )"
. iv; KI-7 ik5F!m a c eDm<p t
u=rt5
/ 2l :;7Wm ak5k e(3 m. O"l, m <kp
r7. O"l Kkl2 o% <H"c eDm<p tm e
<m
tWm 3n GPm u(<.
47 rc ik+t 4 )8m - ()m
‘
"4 "ke% )l

" aY " e5/
’
e
; a
/, i
/ K r,
Gk (3r l J%cr :Yc eD
;7r.
O<m, i
/ < K r,
Gkk L=m a i e
; )l N5/ 2L
aP o% µP;p, tp )l. !k  < G
;m a D<,kc
eDl-m /FL=F7 < <J4 urnm GP5
/". o% tJl, O(3 Lm L
m. i
; D< u4< e&m 4l a)<3< O7p m @2"%m <! i
&m inG
m< ip ) O)p 3p Pk L=m /tJl eFm 3(m. DP; m atk
3 OJ µl anm L aYn e7m. O
, J%cr
"p PY
e4n&k o% m L e
;m
"p PY e4
fLI5/
e
;m :;r.
‘ 3 r mr - m<
iL e
’
e&m e ye<Ip 4
k5PP m i"m 3 i<k mK3m u7
/7 µVl uP; km.
i
; ,,l u7 L; 3F,
I
m ep ) nm, eP nm
e
; m <=r!kt e45
/. ar!m 5,p π7 l Pπt ap )
op2k5
/"r. a e<y e y e
; a72k :3 ar7l :/µ)2l. m
in )P n .Y i3p 3 L/ π/r :Y m Gl i%km m,
ep ) m K r,
7rc.k >
; i%p m. ()p <k mK" L;
e4 m 7rc. i
<kk L=m. O
i
; m LP;kk 3.Wm
LP;k µ-<t J5/m. L; e4n o%" D4tJLm 3k i-m e

p:
r . 9
k
9rkL" e&m in". 4

k. O"l, m<L LP;k
Il eF D4tJLm 3p ? </ 4tL<yt J4
%5/.
<-m, mK3m u7 o% =tk
r "r m. a /p m
VEm π
]"Em O
. ePm e3rc. e3r il<l
i%p
i"tJPm L=m. iPc ./n uL=m a(<l < 3k
k5c eD
/ o% Le
. 25 m r 2008 m<l </k i ‘inJLp’ e&m
Le
a. an GE <km m<c 9PY i%p r!km
3m ) o%
GE e
L-m <;k i. O"l, a"t e3rn o% DDpm
=2l. i
; e3r 3)k ill
o%tJl 7rc. a3n
i"< Jn m i
; dc. a3n i"<t J5/m. tJ%kmL P/
i%n2p /p 23l e" 4 k (m. DtKl<l D" eDy
(m.
ielm o%/m i%k mK3< o% e 4 πLcD" l-/2 l
>;2ke()%k5
/. a e/
;m il oP;<
<
. ep )
oP;<lk m m o%Kk < a oP;<l Dcm e<t<k em.
<ykLr7 etke(3l ar F <m, D<m e
; F oP;<
o%< e,p t5
/"r. f"r7 e 2k et-m F e<I
e<I o7 P/ o% m 2ket il, 2kep m il.
O"l <k P;< i3< il. be-m %mπ-m e
l eFm .;
eJ-m .; P;< u%k5 aP u%m etp rk5/m. e<I, D<m,
<m, DJ e
; ak5ke(3 m. ‘o
; 3l u( E’, e
PP
oP;< i%kmL m<Wm m e<IWm π/r <Jp r. <-m, <k7 m
oP;< il2)l ; r <kt = GP ?
µtK, eDnK, nK, P/K, (3K, o(3K, a%nK e
; < KI
./pπ"p PY " µ" a

;m i
;m e(e3Fk 5F,l
/k5t
e()%k5
/". O"l, a a"tm e;m 5F7
i%k5
/". P; <J4 i%k () e<Ip P; i
; l <J4 aFKF<yt
J%DF um l aDn e()%k5/. iPc ./n uL"m K@k
e
"
eDy
? e
; r7k )-m K e"k e
" eDy? K D; <?
e
; r
TL7m. a33, e&km il .n" i&k n 2n
e
"? K r7 i%km <k e<Ip P; il2)l ; r, < e<Ik
p P/p 5/r? m K
e

a37< int Ke<I
e

o% m </[r! e<I aInl, i"m aIWm e
G"2l GPm!
8r :;l p ,t l (,m

< -

<
i
/ 3tJl ivEt O)p 3p 28_"m e
/l, a
<;k eL-m µ). e7% <HWm e @e% (=< 28_"m 7rn
e(3 eDl5/. 28_"tJ
u2
Y i
; eL-m eWm eDP/ µ)
e
e,3< Om.
‘evt / um ut
avt / aYE’
e
/ J%!4
:PYP TP u aY" 28_"t3
T" aYE7k e(3
/!m i=n µ
"Yk e(3 eDl5
/". av4Dl ee3r /Wm
p:
r . 10
k
o
/m. a
/ F,l ee3rπ
 /n =p 3". Te"Hl,
<k,
e(ekWm /n i%n. <-m ar U43tJ n n"r.
He% µ/l <P/Lt e3r e!P" a.m ap Jl.
O"l ind" tJl, <k,
k µ/ <Y". aLr Ur ik3
F i.t k5 aFWm iFWm etk e()%k5/r.

icaGl ee3rπ
D KEm p 3. e2l i%p r7t
e3r e7 ‘5Lm l’ e .k (π)tr. m 3k 3k
atee . <
<-m 7rc.3n, i
; m ,l a3Fm u%tJP
n23.
a7Ek i%p l ak . e
;m te . e
;m
a"%m a t"r.
ik . ./pt
<7 u73k5 eDyp 3. µ
(π)kp 3
e .kt " =p e % i%nl << ap
t µ)Wm.
Ol e . mµ3
etc eDl µ). <kt e
5
/
< at )ceDl (m. O"l . ap )l. ac =cD"F,
=
Y
tm. Ol m eDl-m i3F!kelm ik . etc
eDlm.
u3") ap
tJk e7m. Ol . m
aDL 7,l e %n = a<Wm.
P 2<" . l; )tJ-m ktJ-m e,3p 5
/".
aJl e %m " .
7 u73k5 o% D"<
e,3p 5
/". uL=tJPk . p 3k%2, JE eDyWm %2
(recorder), aLm, )Lm, e"V, i=m, ep
(calculator), ‘3G, Bluetooth’ e"p

 u73kp )%k5
/". O, . o
/ F
I e %7
F5c eDE eDy ()Jl. 2Lm, =2Lm
/P/k .
LE
µY)t7.
."l 27Wm <Pe/%
<, O t aDL 7,l uE Om.
iP/c a Vl P/c eDl e %5k e(3 %m aYn. π77k
3tl, Ip Yk e7, P Ip
/
µ/ !k  :)k e(3
5
/". iceDl7t 2rkEm u3") u2 e /Em . uP/t =
27Fl. H d J%mm π7 . O t aDLk F,l

tm.
."l
< i%n-m [<!m i%k eDy5
/". .
i
; <=r <tJ-m i7_r <tJ-m aJ LP e P;7< a"%m aYn.
(
o% . t7
e
Pp e P/L cD4tt "km o
;
(e<" oP/k Vl GPm π7 i
; e %523"r. i"l e P/4
eDE :5/. <-m, ove% µ/Wm 3=t ekm e P/L ) GP5
/
G< ir TP tJ 25
/"r.
.

3l, <=H
l2Wm Jp 35
/. 37l O.4r
PπtVl "m eD-t, ;8eDyJ a&pπk e(3 )tk e(3 i%p
i
; m =µ)5/. <-m <=r . 27P aJm

t5
/"r. <=r i
; p 4<P/m eDyJl eD-tm .Ltl o%
Jk :3 )pπl eD-t il. inG e3%<"l l2tLm
Jpk7m e
e,3<.
.
Ll ( c fLIE!kp 8DKl. o@F" 3)k!m
e7% <HWm e @e% (=µ< 7r5/ a
Y /2l. .l
3k%2 i%p l, a
= e( O Dp 3F7p J2/km eDy π/%km
a&pπ k5
/"r. i"l Vl .n" <"tJl i
;5/. i µPYp y
p:
r . 11
k
ar7p Vl eDl,-m h 3c eDy5/. it eDl l; .kl

TP 5
/". iP;k µ
<k L=< 27F ..
<H
(π)p
<k e
/-m
t4

< L=<p
[<!m TP 5
/". e Gc.-m . el .7y <Y%Wm
(:3k =µ)5/. Ol, . a3k<Em
%JWm
tJ"l
a"%km
<.
e =r =.p rp l (,m

< -
<
‘e3%m, <%m, o(m ]km...’ i=tm 3m µ)nE3

a
e3Lk
( P µ
3p m eDP. i" t 7 e
" 3km e
/ O
iL.r I<l 2I tk tke()%p r. i
&m eDlp "l
e3r3m e
Zn; ,l µ)Wm 3m al. hL(, O/( m :3 .
e3r 3F e3r5
/". µ
µVl o, Lp p 3 o% . e3r3F U4%
<F,l µ)k:)"y i%n". a
π/, iL.r,
OL e
"
e42l, !k N)kp 3". it e3r3F7p rp l
27E TP 5
/".
int e3r3F rp L <" u7cD-k ic eDl5/ e
Jl
ZKl. OLyc.
OLF!m it
eDl5
/". i
; ‘e3%m’ e
; µ)n
3m, 7 e
" 3km? i7 r J%<=m 4r, ar i/n 2L?
e
e/lm .k k5/ e3r3m. i75 <"m 3t iL.r7 F7
tJLtJl o%L <PY, ak tJLtJP rn DtJl F7Wm
OtJ25
/"r. i, <" u7cD-k O7k5
/.
a<<l<l, iltL. e3r3F, c5 25
/"r e&m
P/cDm i%n e(
%5/ i <;kEm µ). D<k5
/ LF,l
o,p Lp m e3r3F7p rkm Dk5l D< eDy<l u(?m G :3
i%k eDy5
/. <P/k m p e ;p7Wm D4L eDy µ) aGWm
ite3r 3F TP tJ 25
/". 2 d)P n =Lk Hk<l
e3r3tJl c5%n <"2
<l p ek. e ) u3tr
=r e&m eDyJ ,Il e,n a"%m aYn.
<-m, e3r3F iL.r <tJl eJr</ .n"t b(5/ e
;
eD
"l a u(<. e t e3r3F,l o%r, i%Lt J%<=m 4m,
<"2 =" aLr =kt Lm 4m aJ<k 3p 5/.
e3r3tJ c5%km o%%k ‘i D4"?’, ‘eDyl D4"’ e
/
eJr</ .n"t b(5/. ite3r3F,l %m <Kr <%< tJLm :3
ktJP </t 3p 5
/. 3µ/ kk iq otL e
t
e3r3m etLp Jl. i
/ Gl < DµtJ
cDL <P/tJP
i
/ e3r3F e 4m = 5
/" e
Jl ZKl.
elm
<k e&m m y iEm [<
%5/ e
/523.
i;m e3r 3F,"l [< e
; rt-m o% .
<!m i%k
eDy5
/". e3r3F m u/ -p t5
/ e
; eDlt
(m.
ip k3tJl e3r3F m t rkp 5
/". a"tk
m u;pπ"%m o
/y a<rn 3F7p rk5
/ a l m oP;<
<eFc eDy5
/ e
<;p P5l. <-m, Yp k =
<"2k53
lr u/t e3r3F 7rk eDy5
/".
p:
r . 12
k
e3r3F Kc .H<p l Vl .n" O DF7

e()%p Jl.
µ/k .!m /. Kc .H<2l
µ/k a7?
<-m, .H<p l e3Pelm 3l, 3l,l O Dm, O3k /pp
/
aF e3r3F,l aLF;Jl. e", iq aJ<"r rk
2%m5
/"r. aEm m t3
rk5
/"r. Ol, m u/E <m 3Em. I
TP 5/.
“eDyk al eDkem eDyk

eDy< &m em”
e

!r k. eDy () 4F7c eDy<l "-m,
eDyk:3 4F7c eDy-m a
27E
< a,ke
µ) " µ)E.
avl, e3r3F,
27Em / u=rtm %tm o
/ Ol,
e3r3F rtt 2rtl m.
45e> m $µ rck+ ut 4r @' - .+ -

u)
<JpπPm <4km u4 atr ar7, NJ@ NJ<

7, Gn
e()%km G2
TP k @2"L, iHt K T; 3 3 e@c.W3
dPY%km e"%< DL D47, K e8DF7, i7t µ/"L

uF a"%km a
"t K@km e
u7<rn µP( µtK =ktc
D<rπtk e5/
. p e @JH iHt e
/V .FL µt3
<7
=F5 e
uL"t e3F5/
.
e"
t K e8DF7,
u3m ur ik <J4 m 3µ/ k e<I
ik5/.
e
"
;2 ;2 rt-m e<I o% %2
e
; ok523 µ). e)l
µl 3 Lkm e<I e
Dµ Dm np )%k5/. e<I <H
DµtJ
m 7rc.m iL(3/ n. e<Ill <H Dµm
il, <H 4m il. e<I o% DµtJP a
/3 a)p 3t l 4<P/
inJLm. O, ut K r e<Il o
; 3 (m. ye<I K </n23k
:3. ye<I n OF5m . i
; K
KF" <Y e()%km
G </ (m. inG G K r7 aIm. at µ/
K r /<l F π77t K ,l Drtk , cDLm, (
G/n l K " u%m. i K e<IWm K Dµµm Pm
7rk<" L <nJLm.
e
iH r7,
K
l"Em l"Em i%k (m. O, iP oL I ut
K
a"%m o% 3k o%F5= (m. o%Kt %t3
eDl 3 µ"
(m. J%k/ e&m eyp"l iP/p 3 u P;m oL o% 2l
gk P (m. i ut K H
k g aFLm e / (m.
K " </t J%k/ J (m. e<IWm DµtWm urn Gk
2tJ3k:) oL gl it 2L ; eEm u5Vl. / )p P
e@p 3l, F P e" µtJL tp 3. K 7rtl l?
K " 7rtl l? e" OyE 3t<l iL(3Wm 7m :)"l ut
KI"m " 7%m.
p:
r . 13
k
K r ueF5-m /n π4n 5

/"r. O"l, m eF< u
"<
al u%p ) eWm ) e(3r7 il. "ke" o% HtK
Kl. e", K r Dµm iHWm bF523k:3. l
Y <(
/ tJl
µn
Y ctk) e
/ ./pπPep u3") ut KI"m . 3)k7
@22 . 3)k7k 3pπ)k (m. a":-
1. K &k <tJl uJrtJ3 DJ, D< ; 7 oe<t< e4t
23(m. i"<"< L <nJL< TP;k e( ut KI"< L3
(m. i"
/ !F. iJl o% u(< </nJ%k5/.
“
<"t3
i"<"m ./n! a u=Ll
KI"m i/n.”
2. T =kL
e
/ TP/t E7 c3k) OPYl d9F. ill,
u
km K )"< i%km. <H t .k P;k e7
(m. i"tk i"P;< u%ekm. "ke" H ikF

;m. a
"Wm
"c Drnr7Wm km.
3. P/
l
e
/ ; =rE7 L%t23 (m. P/
l&km, l

P/&km n . I,l = GP (m.
i DµtJl <e %m <P/t 2km.
4. o% K

P/ 2t <P/%3
5rnk e7<l < J/<
m< <Ytk e7<l, </t23<l <yPµ
DµtJ
e
u3<k i7m µ/"%k 4 F µP 3 (m. µ
% r!k
<r) >km a,t
"mπk >3 (m.
5. )D eI, t eI, eF7 m teIl e
/ <L G <PY
a<tke( µP k G-m : G-m J eIl7
24 G;2k e7 (m.
6. n %m )
<k!3
o
Y=n aL.l D3F!k n
L () a 7l, <k4 u4<, F
/P/
µ/Em G/Em e PY%ktk 3)k7 etk e7 DP;m
km 3 :3.
7. o% m tJP o% 34 2p m e
; ove% m µm e ;p P;
at µ/ ./k i
/ aP" I<pπP L i%F.
π7!k o% / NF7 rE eDyWF. an /
aY2"
>F. P/ eDyJ7p JE eDy[r. o% .t
u%kF. a
ik F. a" ar km. Dµm
uLm.
i;J, ut K Dµ< o

; m! F7 G;tm! l2l,
e(=tl, oP;<l Ge ;m! 7P/ J Dµt Gr<ep m!
i;J,
‘elrkm lV
m elrkm eDlF
em 27ne
; eµLD!
2l tene
; e µLD!
il< e
&m πe il<l
l2 m elrkm e
; eDlVk e µLD!
2l e lF [rne
; e µLD!

Y. =km. %5/
e"%< K Dµ<!
p:
r . 14
k
‘ m 45pr’ eDm pπl Er u) - u)
‘)c D;Gm J
; -
.
"8 .; . - <"m
)t
K u
; - π/r
3p eDl eDy - L
:)k 5 p % e<y - eF
:P;k 5Le"p π
<Wm -
)k <HLp -
d e"
; G"t?’
e
; ) LJ 33 O( n-m i
&m 30 µ/km " aYEp
e 3t icDctJ3 2c eD
;7r. LJ </n-m LJ
"E,
e(=F <=Pe l aP/p )kn;m >;m.
a
km <4kµ4 atr ar7, O.4p e %n7,
( r7, K
r7, uF7"%km a)H
eDnK =ktc
D<rpπk5
/
. =km. i
; a)&kp D Fp 3 p eHl, ‘
P;m Kp r’ e

m.
Om a
aL,
1882Om O( e3LtJl 2)e, o
; u<5, i7mJ
DµtJP o,ekm OP/l e P/. ave, <k me P; Pp
3l ). <k,
m ) 2 <m 3 <k,
lEk
i3/ i%nn e<7Wm eJrtc D).
Om ( r7,
eDnKty ‘<Yn e<I, Ke<Ip l iH eFm =m,’
e
; Kt" "k u4 3l uk UJ <2 LJ
P;m
Kp r. <2 LJL a)
P;Pp l; Le i%n m,
ic.Y!k µ
<l
; LJ
Dµc .n"!
a
πP5Hr7,
LJk µ

Y r!kp e % aLDr7Em 7l7Em,
ik5F 3( o%" ./pπtk :;<y i%n. O"l, LJ o%"
<k!kp ) <k 2_
. " ovr e@tm <k,3 L2%n c3p
kF7 L Dykm OP/l e P/.
e (2kk Llet
<"c .Fm LJ. Dµ frJ%ttJl e (
2k µV3m n
LJ. e ( 2p e (7 µ
; e / (m e
;m
%J
. e ( O=23 enG-m n il. O"l, O=Jkm a7t
tJ tJ%p k ( F F e(3
. e", e ( µ
"P/F =
µ
"P/m =2 e"p )"
.
‘e (?k _"t t
2<2 7rtJm hD
<(?k7 .c3r l

<r aYk etr
e (?k aY 7rtl
m < OPYm r’
e
; e (=)< 2F u3teY 2kyc ./)tp /nr <2.
iHL,
p:
r . 15
k
<2 LJr Kp l L

e()%nr e
a4
ove% 2Wm
)kFl u=Lm. ‘<Lt K D ue<m LEm eDyl (m’ e
;
K µ km i3
LJ. K 43 =pe ;m e<It kF, kF LJ
<"JP TkF7 27t". e( e@n Vyc fY"r. ‘><Lyc eD23r7yk
%3r7y 5
/m; o% eDP r! D<µ/ (e<Hl e%elm K
µ km eDIkc eDydr! e
; dLµ kK3
LJ
Y e/%r i%k µ)W<?
ip ) akk e(=P/ frtJ%tk %t7 uk F5 frJ%t
n LJ. ‘eDl-l rkm e, a4m eDlV (=m eDl’ e
/r

!"r. <2 eDlV <Kl a l nm )"r. ip )p 3
_"k2 TP/K 27p "n
P;m Kp r.
Y. =km.
i'>, eDm pπl u) - u)
‘<c.

i<pe @m e
e8.l NF
 !’
e %<JpπP4 atr ar7, <4k4 , µlr J%. i7

ar7, aY< i%7P;m O.4p e %<k7, e P/r7, e 4r7, <=c
eDlF7 uF a"%km a)H
µtK =km u4t. µ e"kp
D yp ,t<kp , µlrk Kk
Y. a)
i
; D Fp 3 p
‘i/I ’ e
m.
a"L,
ivE5l =k5l a3F a(3F o
/e3
; <Jk e7 o%
LLk iF5c 9
; e()%k5
/". iv(3F7 iv; o@F
ik5
/ DkJ o
; i%k (<
/? acDkJt
m i/
e
5/m.
i/mπk aP/r iP e
5
/"r. i/&k o% )m, o% e r, Ur >r, o%
=m il. O&m, elp e %7m el ur7m yn Nk</
G/nJ%k5/
. ur!k u3m u/23<"p
; u%km u3-km
iPkm u/23<t J5/
i/
.
(ePp p 3 i/" < e<y8_H (=rn I 3"r;
PY"r. inGl a%77r <k
%J <k uyWm e %,
av2/&k )F ett J%kl a<t, I m eYµ/7Wm tk
et7"r. e %!m, <(?m, <eWm ek i
t i/ I a,km
e
; aY_r!m a%77r!m eDl5
/"r.
a
r7,
ove%%3 k-m i/I i
Y<. i/ I eDyl
mµ3 <<9 I5
/". i/&3 L%7p e ;P u4r O5
/m.
u3-k u=E ev7E a.< av7E a.m u%k i/ a
m. tYE,
aY2l e
; aYP;p y i/" G"<-m I eDy<-m @m k
kl. i/
in uk m< a,t
. m 2"7p k5
kp tP <k in u3l a%7p 3. i/I 3l <"m o
; m;
kG eym; π/p i/p aP;p m. ip
7 a3P l Iµ/
u7". a D4, 54, m <P;m _"m Om.
p:
r . 16
k
a"L,
‘I’, ‘ l’ e
/ i%eDP i=n, o% eDl Nr< ‘I ’ e"
u%pe P;7. ‘I ’ e
P, u4 eYµ/7p π
PY kJ eD-tl e
;
e %7m. i/ I )P µk5m u7µm a
m
. Fy, m i elm
aLr DkJk TP eDym. i/
2%m < u7m e&m <r7t
. aEm
by<" u7F7t
a
2%m
.
i/" <"tl G"kEm, l tEm, u3l I 3Em eDyl D
./p3.
‘P/"
e
el Y
P/
e Or eH
.’
3E!3 J%)7t e@Pt =y Gl l2"P Hl e
5/r
J%!r. ‘a
a%7 a
 =F5’ e
/ <ekD4
kp ), i/"
m I
cm a
a%!m, a"p PY e,n aYEm m e /m. <H
k .kl!m,
F!m G/n
e
<;k i u(<.
F,
a7El (<"l ; 3< 2L, aP/p km a%<%n" i/I
; 3.
e<y
r7,
u3t by<p tp ,p , uLt by<p tJk eP <k
Fp )%km yp
i/ I ! u3l, u7m iL(< by< i%k
(m e

< D<k . i/ I 3 µ/, µ@<"tm
i/W=r eDy nl i/ Gl ur G a3m.
e@p π/2,l <Hp π/2e
/ π/2k3l NnJ i/") DLt =y
i%k5
/. u5l e ;P a%<" <Hp π/2p e P;7 m, m
i/ I )l h tJ i/%7l <F7<" Wm, <" a<JWm,
e(p 3 7F7Wm e P;c ./p 3 (m. i m π/2 etJ
"m
e"k :Y 23e ;5/

Y, =km.
+pte ) F k ,) o' eG - )
‘aLt Fm Gm t m<

irp e ;tl ’
e
/r
!"r. i %kp e %ne<
; e"kt e4. O"l,
e"kc Dp e %nm. <Hrkp e %<72l
m
, <HLl <Jkp 23
KJkp aJm. i%n m, <HL o%-m e;t ok5Jl. ‘iLp
e ;tl ’ e
<H4
IEp e %, p , P/ e"k
%p a"tWm a
TP;ke7p 523
; kp m 23
.
iPt
"p p PYk km 3<Wm 3p m <"m <H&k
<Kl 3"m iv ,&km u( e
ep m
</
.
eF π/n
? %3
π/n
? e
elm e
G"2l. eF i%k5/
e
<m G"2l u(. e"k uP/t=y G l%m <Lt </kµ)W<? a
G Vl
iL n %5/
. %r r e
o p 7 d9m
em
;m 3n%m 3<. p 7 TPt" 3kp 3
.
a"l brP/m e
e"kp 5p " o
/53. <H
u%k5 p k
e3%m 7l e
"%5l n e)2p Jl. bLtJV%n d9r7
p:
r . 17
k
2L a%5l %Jl. p  e

o 2 <l e
"c 9PY 2@n anc 9P;
3L< a9t<yp y2m.
<H" KEm urk %Jn
; <Jpm tJ%n
. e
" <H
u%k5 iP a
"
eIl <9 3<V%kEm 9P;ca l by<Em i%k
(m e
P. e
&3 π/p e(e <5n
, <H"p ].kEm
eDy
. iPt PEm <H&kEm e
& e3p m a"tWm
a<5 TP;k e(3
. O"l, i
; 3n Gc.kp π/ <H
oJ%n
<Jpk e23. <HH3m <Hm eDt23 e
/ Zp m <"tJl
i
Y23.
e
" 3ne" aY Oy i%k5/? uF,3m eDl<l 43m eDl?
i GcDm uF,3
eDlVt
O (m. e
"% L 3n% l

Y. epe @m p k ePt
%5/r e"
e
a-k Htk e()%n

. e
"% Te% µ"l Dtm , acDtm
n JD k5t J%pπ"
. aF Ur i7m e ( a@ µt l el T
o
/c 9PY tJ%n. a7p rp P T P/m eDy J%J%e"
2Itk e()%n. 9P;m µP;m rt De3"t
l tJ%n e
e
& 2t J%mπk:3p rk<l <c eD
;23. e"k oL acDm..
L=m, a d.c eD
/ e
u7 ape @
π/n o% c.7F n o
;!
JeL" n a t e3F5,
eDyY <tJ%n
. n
.kt
a@5/ e"t e4nm |3, fL3 e"
" ? e
" eDy
?
T eDy
? %m L<3r7 e" e
( et Jkm 9 t e3F5". e
e bk5 d9m <Hr, i
; T
o% l ) dDk:3 e" <"m TF5.
e
" eDy? n < a@5/! p ep %m i
; L<3r7! iH,
elm i/
l
i%k5/. ‘JkP/rkt ey< =’ e
r. ant
eym
u2 eDy (m!
i/
%= Kn
e
, . <et,,l e"kp 4n. a
; p
ep r %m il
, O"l ar aF n ep )? Ll? GcDm
i/<
eDt
i%km. <HH
(-k <<l, e
&3
(-km i/
eD2Dyt e"k <5c.t b(). nr n
a@kLk 2Ln) n nt bk5"r. 9P;m µP;m rt"r.
%Klr. u3") <%t<"kk e( eDl (e<"p .k e(3"r.
n 2p π4 <"Kl<l π4n
. e"k π4t F µ) , ep )
ant l µ)n? <Hm, a
, Dm elm e;m c9t"? i/!
n m u
" i/895
/
..
p:
r . 18
k
t m )'k F o ,) eG - )
‘π/2 e %F3l Nnr Nnr

i/ ")DL r’
e
/r
!"r. e
π/p p e %tLl
π/2 e %F3 NnJ
23 u=r5
/
. π/2
" a3nr π/2t
tk 3nr".
avl &m e" π/2p " a3n <5c.l J7tJ%k5
/
.
a3n
E 7r (3 <L=Klp e %E! et= i
m!
inJ2l a<n7 m Jp m
e" π/pπ3m. aFt

u3l
e P/
. ur etr e P/ e@t7r e.i/
ar. ar e(=tJ-m
(=tJ-m ur, u3l u%m e P;p et L=tl
e
", ar e"k
‘ue7,p =m’ e"p e 4 <5nr. e
" .km ove%%m
.km a 7l O
<t 3 .kEm (e<
/ a2l u%"

!

"t" .kp m o%
µVl .k5/
. i
27E a&
;m
o% "E, π
"r a %m Ur u7te,. ave, e etl m< m
aYm. i
‘ue7,p =m’.
e
"p PY .Jl e
=m PY eDl n </n "! π/pπ3m,
m Jp m e
/
al? i%pπ3m ipe @ <p lk inJ
Oy2l/ gm. u%µm u%m ekp 3 π
"r e
"Wm e
( r7Wm o%
e 4 p l TPY 57
/µtJP a&pπ t"r. e )k ( 53nl
3l a Wm iP "p Wm yk µ) cc9 µ)k 53n
. π
"r 57
/µtJV%n <p lk gtJl i/km

2IpGk
n
. e"k oL 2p! et" OLm ( r e
"p ! aP/k
(3E3
<"m <5E e(3-m, e
" %m [(r7 e
/ Zµm TP <"m
Lm a3n.
e" u3Vl Te% µtJLk tp Ur a<4l . ( r7 Drt
akp 3
.
2%mπ
" <rn. <rkLe<
; e
"t @2. ttJ
µpt
µ4? etp rt< π)t l e
" iLl e P;k e(
ilm J%mπ". .t ilm eD
/m .p e7
; e(e"
. O"l, a7
µl e
µpkc ./pc Drkm (=m e5I a3e
/ O3
utJ". π/n <H i%n e"k O3 a) ant =F5
/
.
eDn tt k <3r <tJl iLl ttJP O3 aFL<?
iL(3 ,l e
" µ@< .t. " Ypp ttJl T
Yp!m e@Jk e(3. i% LF. i%pπ&m i% LF!m
F5
L< %5/
. i%LF,l e
" hLLm µ/ [()%p . ip )Wm o%L?
e" e(ee(e 2k5
/
.
o(m lk g a<4l et i3tJ rtJ
a<rnJ%k5
/
. ant
[(3l 53k<? ant
J%µm ( "?
a o(m %7? tJ%k5
/
.
p:
r . 19
k
eG l ) F k ,) o' eG - )
‘in utJl ur2m e"k in

e(=m %<"l , ‘o@ktJl u;J
i%n o% eYl G
; kl ePY
e P/
‘ e
; <5 ur 2
.’
et=p e % e Jn k5m. in O <" .n"
eDnkLr µ"r
µ.LLD"r. e(=Fm a%3, e@t ove
;m e
&3. Om,
aL a
<=r7l a%k a,kp 3 2<Jpπlp 49
. e
e r kr
(Parker). anp "k 3l e
"p
;m ; )F,-m r i%n"r.
e
"e
; e42l, a
; 3k n Zn <=r!m o%Kt <"t
e
"t
rnetr. a
;
<5c.l J7tJ%n
.
e" <5c. aJ Lm N)k2l. i
tJPp π
e3rne%
m %m
e
r7, a F5E3" e
u3l o µ.. e
; cDk tJ"r. ape @
e
&3Vl TP 3 Vk a7l. (r 2 a@m Hl. Te% .Y
l a3t a 5 (=t7l </tr. cc923:3
µ) .L<p 3
.
<""l Te% ./k a3p 3 J 2 eDy
anp t J/nr o%r. a
/ ePY , o, e %nJ (, e V"
Dn<" µm! e<ttJl aYe, d9m µm! e
" et o% 5tJ
o µ..
e
; e@Jp rtt " D3p k tk e(3r. ape @
27F5,
i%kt
an <=r e
"p 4Dt nr e
;.
( r7p π4n n DtJl .  In". l|4 2µ/ e
l
e3k"l e&m >rk e
"Wm a tc eD
/r. 9P; e
/l m t
eDlr, O"l iL Ht
eD
/r. aF a<J @m UL/l a<rn
‘4t(’ e
; e@J"r. o% Lm In π
"r
ar Ur aP e@5
/r
e
/ u(< e"k 27F5P;. a4
f4 .n"7
e@t%2l 3tk
e()%n
. e
" ν <" .n". K uk aYE 3 ()k ‘4t()l’
%tYtJ%km %t K r P; a
) GP ().
ip ) ove% 2µ/km Te% l, .;, ) ik5m, =k
L, ik5m e
; e@Jk e(3 i%nr. arm P.n"k e@t%
ekm e %<l ar m tJP &m ot t
. iP/23 elm
Kn e %<, eyp r J%!4
J%k/!k ar e@J e,EL Om.
eDlV (=m eDl 4n kL" a
"r i
; il e
/ Tkm
e"k5%n-m, a%kp e eDy 53p e
3<k e( i%n e(e
e(ep ]4p 35
/
; e %<k e5/
. i
; µl e"k UyE! arm <"r
J%EkL9 ar
n
G" e
"t " a<4l tJLp tJ
t7r. .n"7r </m arm e(=tJl u%" (=m aIJl.
"# e%&'
( "
) *tm e*l.m
ip1
2 34&56 ep1
2 e%l.m
p:
r . 20

Modul Karangan B Tamil PMR PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Modul Karangan B Tamil PMR PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

k 

 MODUL KECEMERLANGAN PMR BAHASA TAMIL 2012

‘_m %J&m :m m

k, OP; e7tJl a)tc eDl-m D%  a<Wm e

pp km - t

‘e )l km 9 <m’ e

i;JL m a a<l tJ 

eH <tJ-m Lt pπ-m Drt 23 Orm m e P /r, ar7

i o  t u" e$y&' - ()m

J5/.  Kl <k a"V3 @y i3r 5

l +,mt uk+"l e- em .&'r - ()m

le % m m lk m e

a . l  n  7 an a k a  Drkm ae

mπk 1 1 e2k+ at m - ()m

OP/l7Wm aYn aP/ OktJPp 

o% eDc eDy P" a%<%n7" µP., P., e 3rc.t e 3rn

u3m ur ik <J4 m 3µ/ k e<I 

)pπr G/n 9e3

47  rc ik+t 4 )8m - ()m

9rkL " e&m in  ". 4

./pπ"p PY  " µ" a

8r :;l p ,t  l (,m

F i.t k5 aF Wm iF Wm etk e()%k5/r.

ar7p Vl eDl,-m h 3c eDy5/. it  eDl l ; .kl

e =r =. p rp l (,m

‘e 3%m, <%m, o(m ]km...’ i=tm 3m µ)n E3

e 3r3F Kc .H<p l Vl .n "  O DF7 

“eDy k al eDkem eDy k

45e> m $µ   rck+ ut 4r @' - .+ -

<JpπPm <4 km u4 at r ar 7, NJ@ NJ<

dPY%km e" %< D  L D  4 7, K e8DF 7, i7t µ/" L

K r ueF5-m /n π4n 5

l &km, l 

i;J, ut K Dµ  < o

‘ m 45pr’ eDm pπl Er u) - u)

P;m Kp r’ e

<(?k 7 .c3r l

<2 LJr Kp l L

i'>, eDm pπl u) - u)

e %<JpπP4 at r ar 7, <4 k4 , µ lr J%. i7 

+pte  ) F k ,) o' eG  - )

‘aLt Fm Gm t m<

2L a%5l %Jl. p  e

a-k Htk e()%n

t m )'k F  o ,) eG  - )

‘π/2 e %F3l Nnr Nn r

/µtJV%n <p lk  gtJl i/km  

eG l ) F k ,) o' eG  - )

‘in utJl ur2m  e"k in

You might also like

k

 MODUL KECEMERLANGAN PMR BAHASA TAMIL 2012

‘_m %J&m :m m

k, OP; e7tJl a)tc eDl-m D% a<Wm e

pp km - t

‘e)l km 9 <m’ e

i;JL m a a<l tJ

eH <tJ-m Lt pπ-m Drt 23 Orm m e P/r, ar7

i o t u" e$y&' - ()m

J5/. Kl <k a"V3 @y i3r 5

l +,mt uk+"l e- em .&'r - ()m

le% m m lk m e

a . l n7 an a k a Drkm ae

mπk 1 1 e2k+ at m - ()m

OP/l7Wm aYn aP/ OktJPp

o% eDc eDyP" a%<%n7" µP., P., e3rc.t e3rn

u3m ur ik <J4 m 3µ/ k e<I

)pπr G/n 9e3

47 rc ik+t 4 )8m - ()m

9rkL" e&m in". 4

./pπ"p PY " µ" a

8r :;l p ,t l (,m

F i.t k5 aFWm iFWm etk e()%k5/r.

ar7p Vl eDl,-m h 3c eDy5/. it eDl l; .kl

e =r =.p rp l (,m

‘e3%m, <%m, o(m ]km...’ i=tm 3m µ)nE3

e3r3F Kc .H<p l Vl .n" O DF7

“eDyk al eDkem eDyk

45e> m $µ rck+ ut 4r @' - .+ -

<JpπPm <4km u4 atr ar7, NJ@ NJ<

dPY%km e"%< DL D47, K e8DF7, i7t µ/"L

K r ueF5-m /n π4n 5

l&km, l

i;J, ut K Dµ< o

‘ m 45pr’ eDm pπl Er u) - u)

P;m Kp r’ e

<(?k7 .c3r l

<2 LJr Kp l L

i'>, eDm pπl u) - u)

e %<JpπP4 atr ar7, <4k4 , µlr J%. i7

+pte ) F k ,) o' eG - )

‘aLt Fm Gm t m<

2L a%5l %Jl. p  e

a-k Htk e()%n

t m )'k F o ,) eG - )

‘π/2 e %F3l Nnr Nnr

/µtJV%n <p lk gtJl i/km

eG l ) F k ,) o' eG - )

‘in utJl ur2m e"k in