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F(a) = 0
a − β1d ′
fs ′ = 600 ≤ fy
a
B-Trial Method
fs < f y
Assume that the compression steel is yielding, fs′ = fy.
Step 1: Find out fs in terms of ‘a’.
β1d − a
fs = 600
a
a − β1d ′
fs ′ = 600 a ≤ fy
β1d − a
εs = 0.003
a
4) e = 300 mm 150
75
300
Fig. 14.13.Column Cross-Section For Example 14.1.
Solution:
Pn
εcu=0.003
ε s′
Cs′
ab Cc
cb
εs = εy T
Strain Diagram Stress And Internal
Forces
cb − 75
εs′ =
cb
(0.003) = 0.0021 > εy
∴ Pnb = Cc + Cs′ – T
= 1354.7 + 426.5 − 459.0 = 1322.2 kN
Mnb = ΣMP.C.
= Cc (225 – ab/2) + Cs′ (150) + T (150)
= (1354.7)(0.119) + (426.5)(0.15)
+ (459.0)(0.15)
= 294.0 kN-m
eb = Mnb / Pnb = 222 mm
3- Pu = 1300 kN
a = 271.74 mm
c = 271.74 / 0.85 = 319.7 mm < d (OK)
Step 3:
a − β1d ′
fs ′ = 600
a
271.74 − 0.85 × 75
= 600
271.74
Step 3:
a − β1d ′
εs′ = 0.003
a
149.4 − 0.85 × 75
= 0.003 = 0.00172
149.4
> εy (OK)
Step 4: Calculate load from the load equation.
0.25
= 0.65 + (0.0034 − 0.0015) = 0.79
0.005 − 0.0015
Example 14.2: A reinforced concrete short column has
a cross-sectional size of 450 × 300 mm and is loaded as
shown in Fig. 14.15. It is reinforced by 6 bars of Grade 300,
each having an area of 510 mm2. fc′ = 25 MPa and fy = 300
MPa. Construct an approximate P-M interaction diagram.
Pn
75
150
450
150
75
300
Fig. 14.15.Column Cross-Section For Example 14.2.
Solution:
Pn
εcu=0.003
ε1 Cs1 C
ab c
cb
ε2
Cs2
ε3 = εy T
Strain Diagram Stress And Internal
Forces
cb − 75
ε1 = (0.003) = 0.0021
cb
> εy (Compression steel is yielding)
cb − 225
ε2 = (0.003) = 0.0003
cb
Internal forces
Cc = 0.85 fc′ ab b
= 0.85 (25) (212.5) (300) / 1000
= 1354.7 kN
Cs1 = 2 Ab (fy – 0.85 fc′)
= 2 (510) (300 – 0.85×25) / 1000
= 284.3 kN
Cs2 = 2 Ab ε2 Es
= 2 (510) (0.0003) (200,000) / 1000 = 61.2 kN
T = 2 Ab fy = 2(510) (300) / 1000 = 306.0 kN
∴ Pnb= Cc + Cs1 + Cs2 – T
= 1354.7 + 284.3 + 61.2 − 306.0
= 1394.2 kN
Mnb = ΣMP.C.
= Cc (225 – ab/2) + Cs1 (150) + Cs2 (0)
+ T (150)
= (1354.7)(0.119) + (284.3)(0.15) + 0
+ (306.0)(0.15)
= 249.8 kN-m
3- At Failure Having εs = 0.005
εs = 0.005
c = 0.375 d = 0.375(375) = 140.6 mm
a = 0.85×140.6 = 119.5 mm
c < h/2
∴Central layer of steel is in tension
c − 75
εs1 = (0.003) = 0.0014 < εy
c
225 − c
ε2 = (0.003) = 0.0018
c
∴ Yielding in tension
fs2 = 300 MPa
0.003
ε1 Cc
a
c Cs1
d
T2
T3
εs > εy
c − 75
ε1 = (0.003)
c
225 − c
ε2 =
c
(0.003)
c − 75
Cs1= 1020×0.003× ×200,000
c
− 1020×0.85×25
c − 75
= 612,000 − 21,675
c
Ultimate Capacities
(193.1,392) (214.6,435.4)
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 M (kN-m)
0
(140,0) (155.6,0)
β1d − a
εs = 0.003 (VII)
a
0.25
φ = 0.65 + (ε t − ε y ) (VIII)
0.005 − ε y
Steps 4 and 5 may be revised in case the value of φ is
significantly different.
Step 7: Taking moments about the plastic centroid,
calculate As and As′.
Pu .e
= 0.85 fc′ b a (d − d″ − a/2)
φ
+ As′ fy (d − d″ − d′ ) + As fy d″
As = As′ = Ast / 2
d − d″ = h/2
and d″ = h/2 − d′
h a
+ Ast fy h − d ′
Pu .e
= 0.85 fc′ b a − (IX)
φ 2 2 2