SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME OF A PRISM Prism: A. prism is a solid, whose side faces are parallelograms and whose ends (or bases) are ‘congruent parallel rectilinear figures. In this figure given below, there is a prism whose ‘ends are rectilinear figures PQRST and PQR'ST’. a oo R' 1 R P Q Base of Prism- The end on which a prism may be supposed to stand is called the base of the prism, In the above figure, PQRST and PQR'S'T’ are the bases of the prism. Every prism has two bases. Height of a prism- ‘The perpendicular distance between the ends of a prism is called the height of the prism. In the above figure, Q' Z is the perpendicular distance between the ends PQRST and PQR'ST. So, itis the height of the prism shown in the above figure. Axis of a Prism. ‘The straight line joining the centres of the ends of a prism s called the axis of the prism. In the above figure, a straight line passing through X' and Xs the axis of the Lateral Faces: All faces other than the bases of a prism are known as its lateral faces. In the above figure, PQQP’, QRR'Q, RSSR’ ete are lateral faces, ral Edgi The lines of intersection of the lateral faces of a prism are called the lateral edges of the prism. In the above figure PP’, QQ, RR’, SS'and TT’ are the lateral edges of the prism, Regular Prism- If ends are regular figures then prism is called a regular prism, Right Prism. A prism is called a right prism if its lateral edges are perpendicular to its ends (bases). Otherwise it is said to be an oblique prism. The prism shown in figure (1) is an oblique prism whereas the prism shown in figure (II) is a right prism, Q Ina right prism, length of the prism is same as its height. Also, all lateral edges are of the same length. equal to the height of the prism. It is also evident from the definition ofa right prism that its all lateral faces are rectangles. The number of lateral edges ‘and lateral faces of a prism is same as the number of sides in the base of the prism. ‘Triangular Prism. A prism is called a triangular prism if its ends are triangles. Right Triangular Prism- A triangular prisms called a right triangular prism if ts lateral edges are prependicular to its ends. ‘The prism shown in figure (IM) isa triangular prism ‘whereas the prism shown in figure (IV) is a right triangular prism.‘Aprismis said to be quadrilateral prism or a pentagonal prism or a hexagonal prism etc according as the number of sides in the rectilinear figure forming the ends (base) is four or five or six etc, If the ends of a quadrilateral prism are parallelograms, then itis also known as a parallelopiped. A quadrilateral prism with its ends as squares is called a rectangular solid or a cubiod. Figure (V) shows a right pentagonal prism and figure (VD shows a rectangular solid. aright prism- LSA. of the Base x Height (ii) Total Sitfac®irea of a right prism- TSA, S\Lateral Surface area + Area of Ends = Lateral Surface area + 2 (Area of the Base) For Example : If the base of a right prism is an equilateral triangle of side a and height h, then, Lateral surface area = 3a xh U_ Total surface area = 3a x h+ “>a Baan u Volume = => ‘Some Examples Q.1 Find the area of the base of a right triangular prism having volume of 1476 cm? and height 18 cm. Sol. Volume = Area of the baseggiHei u Aca tee Ce rism is an equilateral triangle its height is 25 cm, Find its surface area and total surface area. ‘Area of the base x Height. 2. emF ‘an equilateral triangle. -a of the base = 5 se? t o = BE 000 few « 253 en? uw V= 25¥3025 cm = 625Y3 cm Lateral surface area = Perimeter of the base x Height = (10 + 10 + 10) x 25cm? = 750 cm? Total Surface area = Lateral Surface area + Area of ends fo fowl = ps0 sov3ffem* Q-4 A right prism of height 15 cmstands ona triangular base whose sides are 13 cm, 14 cm and 15 cm, find its lateral surface area, total surface area and. volume.Sol. If a, b, c are the length of the sides of a triangle and s is the semi-perimeter, then its area Alps as 83 © wheres = Here, a = 13 cm, b = 14 cmande = 15 em. 1 u 38 4 1s =21om Perimeter of the base = 2 s = 42cm. Area of the base Baa yea aoa 5 G /2i0s 0706 6 7U3sbs7 Eso QVP Os Oe =7 «3 x 4cm = 84cm u Lateral surface = Perimeter of the base x Height = (42 x 15) cm? = 630 cm? Total surface area = Lateral surface area + 2 (Area of the ba = (630 + 2 x 84) cm? = 798 cn? ‘Volume = Area of the base x Height = (84 « 15 Jem? = 1260 em? SY Ry Q5 A right prism stands on a triang! ee ie ides of oF the base are 5 cm, 5 cm and 8 of the prism. ‘the hel = < = JoT4040i 8 12cm? ‘Volume = Area of the base x Height Q.6 The base ofa right prism is an equilateral triangle of side 8 cm. Ifthe lateral surface area of the prism is 960 cm. Find its volume. Sol. Lateral surface area = Perimeter of the base x Height YW 960= (8 +8 +8) x Height 960 Height = 22cm 40cm Area ofthe base = aLnee len u Volume ism = ad x Height 40 640 Sem? riangular prism of height 18 cm and of 5 em, 12 cm and 13 cm is transformed another right triangular prism on a base of ides 9 cm, 12 cm and 15 em, Find the height of new prism and the change in the whole surfae area. ol. Perimeter of the base = (5 + 12 + 13 em = 30cm ig Semi-perimeter = 15 em. Here, a= 5 cm, b= 12 cmandc = 13 cm W Areaof the base Hes as bs ¢ = ViSMLOB302 = 30cm* Let V, be the volume of the prism. V, = Area of the base x Height UV, =G0x 18) =540cm* Let S be the total surface area of the prism. S = Lateral surface area + 2 (Area of the base) = Perimeter of the base x height +2 (Area of the base) = (30x18 +2« 3) = 600 cm? Let h be the height of the new prism. Semi-perimeter 5, = (9 + 12 + 15)2 = 18 The sides of the base:-