Preliminary Aseismic Steel and Concrete Highrise Building Design

for SMRF and Dual System Structures

Nathan Madutujuh1, Iswandi Imran2, Muslinang Moestopo3

Abstract:
Design of a highrise building usually done using a 3D computer program. To find an optimum solution, structural
engineers usually use several cycles of time-consuming computer analysis on a complex 3D model. In this paper a simple
method to find preliminary size for column, wall, and beam sections for a dual system steel or concrete structure will be
formulated. The method is derived from shear building principles and latest building code requirements for aseismic
building design. This simple method can be done by hand calculation or by using a spreadsheet program and the result can
be refined by any 3D computer program later. This method can also be used by government institution to easily check or
justify design report submitted by engineers or consultant firms. It can be used also by architect and Quantity
Surveyor/Estimator to estimate structural components size of a new building.

Abstrak:
Perencanaan dari bangunan bertingkat tinggi biasanya dilakukan menggunakan program komputer 3D. Untuk
mendapatkan hasil yang optimal, perencana struktur biasanya mengulang beberapa kali analisis komputer pada suatu
model 3D yang rumit, yang sangat memakan waktu. Dalam tulisan ini, suatu metode untuk mencari ukuran awal dari
penampang kolom, dinding geser dan balok untuk bangunan baja atau beton dengan sistem ganda akan diformulasikan.
Metode ini diturunkan dari prinsip bangunan geser dan dari persyaratan bangunan terbaru untuk perencanaan gedung tahan
gempa. Metode sederhana ini dapat dilakukan secara perhitungan manual atau dengan menggunakan program spreadsheet
dan hasilnya kemudian dapat diperhalus dengan bantuan suatu program komputer 3D. Metode ini juga dapat digunakan
oleh institusi pemerintah untuk melakukan pemeriksan secara cepat atau untuk menjustifikasi laporan perencanaan yang
diserahkan oleh perencana struktur atau konsultan. Metode ini juga dapat digunakan oleh arsitek dan surveyor/estimator
untuk memperkirakan ukuran komponen dari suatu gedung.

Keywords:
Preliminary Highrise Building Design, Preliminary Column Sizing, Preliminary Beam Sizing, Earthquake Load Design,
Dual System Building, Steel Building, Concrete Building, Shear Building

1
Director of ESRC, E-mail: esrc.nathan@gmail.com
2
Lecturer, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung
3
Lecturer, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung
 “Preliminary Aseismic Steel and Concrete Building Design
for SMRF and Dual System Structures”
by Nathan Madutujuh1, Iswandi Imran2, Muslinang Moestopo3

1. Introduction

Design of a tall building due to lateral earthquake load currently usually done by the help of a computer
program. Nevertheless, from the observation of computer analysis result for several regular buildings, it was
found that there is pattern in shear force of column and shearwall that can be used for preliminary design of a
portal frame or a dual system building. The procedure derived below can be formulated into a spreadsheet
that can be used for preliminary design and estimation of section size, or can be used also by architects and
engineers for quick and easy checking of building design result, especially in seismic region.

2. Weight calculation for gravity load and earthquake load

For preliminary design we need an estimation of building weight and building mass for earthquake load
calculation, where we can use a reduced live load for any load that can move during earthquake.

Table 1. Contribution from DL and LL for Weight and Mass

Load Slab and Beam Column and Main Earthquake
Factor Girder Mass
LFDL 1 1 1+0.2*Sds
RFLL 1 0.7 (area factor) 0.25

Table 2. Estimation for Beam and Column Weight

Load Steel Concrete Unit
qbk 150 300 Kg/m3

a. Estimation for load on floor slab

q = LFDL * DL + RFLL * LL (kg/m2) (1)

tp = slab thickness in m DL = tp x 2400 + qbk + qdl (2)

qbk = beam + column weight LL = qll
qdl = dead load
qll = live load
LFDL = load factor for dead load = 1.0 (gravity)
RFLL = reduction factor for mass from live load = 0.7 (gravity) and 0.25 (mass)

b. Design of slab and minor beam :

Can be done using dead load and live load manually as usual.
The effect of earthquake load for these components can be neglected.

c. Load Calculation for Main Girder :

Girder span = L
Influence width = W1
q1 = 1.2*DL + 1.6*0.7*LL (Total distributed gravity load for a floor) (3)
q2 = 1.2*LFDL*DL + 0.5*LL (Total distributed load for a floor for earthquake load) (4)
 qb1 = q1 x W1 (Total line gravity load for a beam) (5)
qb2 = q2 x W1 (Total line load for a beam for earthquake load) (6)

d. Load Calculation for Column and Shearwall :

q1 = 1.2*DL + 1.6*0.7*LL (Total distributed gravity load for a floor) (7)

q2 = 1.2*LFDL*DL + 0.5*LL (Total distributed load for a floor for earthquake load) (8)

Pkj,i = NFi * q * Aj (Total Axial Load at column/shearwall j, floor i) (9)

Where :

NFi = Number of floor above column or shearwall j on level i

Aj = Tributary area of column or shearwall j on level i

e. Calculation of total weight for earthquake mass

qe = LFDL * (tp x 2400 + qbk + qdl) + RFLL * qll (kg/m2) (10)

Weq = NF * AF1 * qe (11)

Where : NF = Number of foor

Af1 = Area of 1 floor
qe = Total distributed load for mass calculation
LFDL = Load factor for dead load = 1.0
RFLL = Reduction factor for live load for mass = 0.25
Weq = Weight of building for calculation of lateral equivalent earthquake load

2. Calculation of Earthquake Lateral Load

a. Determine Earthquake Zone and Site Class

Location =
Importancy, Ie = 1.0 / 1.25 / 1.50
From Earthquake Map 2017 : Ss = S1 =

Site Class : Soft (SE) / Medium (SD) / Soft Rock, Rock (SC)

b. Estimation of Time Period

Table 3. Estimation of Time Period and Value of R

Structural System Ta1 Ta2 Ta = Ct.Hn^x R value

Steel Frame 0.04*Hn 0.12*NF 0.0724*Hn^0.8 8
Braced Steel Frame 0.04*Hn 0.12*NF 0.0731*Hn^0.75 8
Concrete Frame 0.04*Hn 0.12*NF 0.0466*Hn^0.9 8
Dual System 0.03*Hn 0.10*NF 0.0488*Hn^0.75 7

Where Ta1 and Ta2 are practical estimation, and Ta is from a more accurate formula given by several
building codes.
 Table 3b. Parameter values for Ct and x

c. Development of Response Spectrum Curve

1. Determine amplification factors Fa and Fv

From Site Class and Value of Ss and S1 above, using Table 4 and 5 from dari SNI-1726-2012 we can
get values of Fa and Fv as follows:

2. Calculation fo SMS and SM1

SMS = Fa * Ss (12)
SM1 = Fv * S1 (13)

3. Calculation of Design Spectral Acceleration

Sds = (2/3) SMS (14)

Sd1 = (2/3) SM1 (15)

4. Derivation of Response Spectrum Curve

T < To : Sa = Sds * (0.4 + 0.6 * T/To) (16)

 To < T < Ts : Sa = Sds (17)
T > Ts : Sa = Sd1/T, To = 0.2 (Sd1/Sds) (18)

d. Calculation of Cs

Cs = Sds / (R/Ie) <= Sd1/(T*(R/Ie)) (19)

Cs >= 0.044*Sds*Ie >= 0.01 (20)

If S1 > 0.6 : Cs >= 0.5*S1 / (R/Ie) (21)

Note: If Ta < 0.5 sec OR NF <= 5, Ss can be reduced to 1.50

e. Calculation of Base Shear force

V = (Cs* Ie / R) * Weq (22)

Base Shear V can be increased by r = 1.30 if required by building code / SNI-1726.

f. Story Lateral Force Fx using linear (triangular) and parabolic distribution

Fx = Cvx * V (23)

Cvx = wx * hxk / (S wi *hik) (24)

Where : T <= 0.5 : k = 1.0 (linear / triangular) (26)

T >= 2.5 : k = 2.0 (parabolic)
0.5 < T < 2.5 : k = linear interpolation between 1.0 – 2.0

Fig. 2. Seismic Load Distribution (Nonlinear and linear distribution)

Using above calculation we will get story lateral force for each floor level.
From calculated story force, story shear for each level can be calculated as accumulated story force from
top story until the target level.

Vx = S Fx (27)

3. Design of Main Girder

a. Moment due to gravity load

Assumed main girders are acting as continuous beams, bending moment estimation due to gravity load is :

Mbg = (1/10) * qb1 * L2 (28)

 This value can be increased by factor of 1.2 for positive moment redistribution at mid-span of beam.
Using the design moment, we can calculate required rebar using simplified method as explained below.

b. Negative bending moment due to earthquake load

This value will be calculated after column design moment found.

If delta factor is 0.5, design moment of main girder due to earthquake load can be estimated as :

Mbe = 2*Mke / 1.5 (29)

Where : Mke = column design moment due to earthquake load

c. Simplified beam design for fy = 3900, fc' = 250 kg/cm2

As = Mu /(f fy 0.9 d) (30)

As = Mu / (3159*d) cm2 for fy = 3900 kg/cm2 and Mu in kg.cm (31)

More accurate if fc' is also used as variables in the formula :

c1 = fy * (1 – 0.5 (2/3)0.0214*fy/(0.85*fc')) = 3900 * (1 – 32.73/fc') (32)

c2 = f * c1 = 3510 (1-32.73/fc'), d = 0.9h (33)
As = Mu / (c2 * d) = Mu / (3510*(1-32.73/fc')*d (34)

If fc' = 300 kg/cm2 → c1 = 3474.5, c2 = 3127

d. After Beam rebar found, Beam moment capacity Mu,cap can be calculated using fy* = 1.25*fy

Mu,cap,beam = As * c2 * d (35)

4. Concrete Column Design

a. Preliminary concrete column size

Column size can be estimated using :

Ac >= N/(0.3*fc1) or N/(0.35*fc1) (36)

b = √Ac (37)

Where:
Ac = gross area of column section
b = column size

Column size will be selected that will give rebar ratio in the range of 1.5 – 3.0%.

b. Column Axial Force

Column Axial Force can be calculated from tributary area of total floors above a certain column:

q = 1.2*LFDL*DL + RFLL*LL (Total distributed gravity load for a floor) (38)

Pkj,i = NFi * q*Aj (Total Axial Load at column/shearwall j, floor i) (39)

c. Column bending moment due to gravity load

Design bending moment of a column is a combination of bending moment due to gravity load and
 earthquake load. From bending moment diagram given by computer analysis, we can see that column
bending moment due to gravity load is much smaller than due to earthquake load, especially for inner
column with equal span of left and right main girders.

Fig. 3. Column bending moment diagram due to gravity load

d. Column bending moment due to earthquake load

From computer analysis result, column moment diagram due to lateral earthquake load is :

Fig. 4. Column bending moment diagram due to earthquake load

From above diagram, it can be seen that zero moment point for typical columns are at 0.5h and 0.6h (at
mid-height of building), while for bottom columns and top most columns, 0.6h (mid columns) and 0.7h
(edge columns). Using this values, column moment then can be calculated as maximum arm multiplied by
column shear force.
 Table 6. Coefficient ck (location of zero moment, M=0)
Level Inner Edge Columns
Columns
Bottom/Roof 0.6 0.7
Typical 0.5 0.5
Mid-height 0.6 0.6

e. Column bending moment due to lateral earthquake load

1. Story shear contribution resisted by Portal Frame :

Table 7. Contribution of Story Shear to columns (rkv)

Structural System Column Shearwall Note

Only
Column only 1 0 No Shearwall
Column + Small > 0.25 < 0.75 Minor wall, not
Wall dominant
Column + 0.25 > 0.9 Shearwall,
Shearwall Code req'd taken = 1.0 dominant

2. Column shear force is calculated as :

Vkj = rkv * Vx / Nk (40)

where:
Nk = Number of column at floor x

Vkj can be increased by 1.2-1.3 for irregular building with large torsion.

3. Column design moment can be calculated as follows :

Earthquake :
Mke = Vkj * ck * hi (41)
Gravity:
Mkg = 0.2*Mke for bottom level columns
Mkg = 0.5*Mke for edge columns at typical floors
Mkg = 0.05*Mke for inner columns (Mbki and Mbka will balance out each other)

Main girder moment due to earthquake will be taken as :

Mbe = Mke or Mbe = 2*Mke/1.5 (42)

Column design moment can be calculated from sum of Mke and Mkg :

Mkj = Mke + Mkg (43)

This moment will be compared with 1.2 * Mcap,beam above and the greater value will be taken.
f. Simplified Column Rebar design:

Simplified Column Interaction Diagram can be derived by calculating only 3 points a,b,d as follows:

Point a : N=0, M > 0 → Use beam formula above

Point d : M=0, N > 0 → Use concentric column formula
Point b : Balanced condition

With targeted minimum colum rebar ratio = 1.5-2.0% of concrete column gross area.

For point d, Concentric column:

f * Pn = 0.44*fc'*Ag + 0.52*fy*As, f = 0.65 (44)

For point a:
f Mn = (As/4) * f * fy*(2/3)*d (assumed 4 face column) (45)

For point b, balanced condition:

ab = 0.52*(h-d') (46)
f Mn = 0.65*(0.85*fc'*ab*h*0.5*(h-ab) + As*fy*(h/2-d') + As*fy *(d-h/2) (47)
f Pb = 0.65*(0.85*fc'*ab*h) = 0.2873*fc'*(h-d')*h (48)

Fig. 5. Simplified Column Interaction Diagram

After the column interaction diagram found, column rebar can be determined.

Simplified approach can be used also to derive simple formula for circular columns as follows:

For concrete circular columns without bending moment (axial only, usually found for top most column
or soldier pile):

Mnk = k As fyd r (49)

Where :
r= radius from center to rebar centroi
R = outer radius of column
 r = R – cv – dbv – db/2 (50)

k = 0.75 * w-(0.3*(c/r) + 0.08) (51)

or for more simplified formula : k = 0.75 w-0.13 (52)

For concrete circular columns with bending and axial force:

Fig. 6. Simplified Concrete Circular Column Section Capacity (5)

Nnk = R2/2 (2Θ-sin2Θ) fcd (53)

Mnk = (4/3) R3 sin3Θ fcd' + (2/Π)(R-c)As sinΘ fyd (54)

g. Simplified Steel Design:

For steel column capacity with only axially compression load loaded (unit = ksi, LRFD) :

Nnk = Pn = 0.6 * Fy * Ag x 0.658P (54)

P = Fy*λ2/286000 (55)
λ = K*L/r (56)

Steel beam bending capacity can be computed as follows (LRFD) :

Mnb,major = 0.99*Fy*Sx for Lb <= Lp (57)

0.63*Fy*Sx for Lb = Lr (58)

Where : Lp = 300*ry/√Fy (59)

Mnb,minor = 1.35*Fy*Sy (60)

Interaction Diagram: (61)

This is because for small Pu, the effect of Pu will give small increase in the moment capacity.

Steel beam shear capacity can be calculated as follows :

Vnb = 0.6*Fy*Aw (LRFD) (62)

Steel Capacity Design will be applied to achieve strong column-weak beam condition : (63)

Where :

SM*pc = the sum of the projections of the nominal flexural strengths of the columns above and
below the joint to the beam centerline with a reduction for the axial force in the column

SM*pc = S Zc (Fyc – Puc/Ag) LRFD (64)

SM*pb = the sum of the projections of the expected flexural strengths of the beams at the plastic hinge
locations to the column centerline.

SM*pb = S (1.1*Ry*Fyb*Zb + Muv) LRFD (65)

Fyb,Fyc = specified minimum yield stress of beam and column

Puc = required compressive strength of column
Zc = plastic section modulus of the column
Zb = plastic section modulus of the beam (used reduced beam section if that is the condition)
Ry = 1.5 (ST-37, ST-41), 1.3 (ST-50), 1.1 (Steel plate or built-up shapes)
Muv = additional moment due to shear amplification from the location of plastic hinge to the
column centerline
Lph = Distance between plastic hinges of a beam
d1 = distance from plastic hinge to column centerline

Vph = (Mpb,left + Mpb,right)/Lph (66)

Muv = Vph*d1 (67)

Plastic section modulus of IWF section can be calculated as follows:

Zx = b*tf(d-tf) + tw*(h/2 – tf)^2 (68)

Zy = 0.25*(d-2*tf)*tw^2 + 2*0.25*tf*bf^2 (69)

Initial Column member selection can be estimated from this equation:

Pueq = fPn = Pu + m*Mux + m*u*Muy (70)

where :
(71)
5. Shearwall Design

a. Preliminary thickness of shearwall

Because the length of shearwall is fixed, only the thickness must be selected as follows:

1. Required total area of shearwall can be estimated as follows:

Ac >= N/(0.2*fc1) = gross area of shearwall (72)

tw = Ac/L = thickness of shearwall, tw >= 25cm for easy to cast (73)

2. Shearwall thickness should be checked for Lw, Hw and tw,min

tw >= min (Lw/25, Hw/25), Hw = max floor to floor height (74)

tw >= tw,min = 100mm

Example : if Hw = 4m, then tw = 16 cm if Lw = 6m, then tw = 24 cm

if Hw = 8m, then tw = 32 cm if Lw = 9m, then tw = 36 cm

3. Tw should satisfies requirement for hooked anchorage Ldh + cv as follows:

(if there is a beam rigidly connected perpendicularly to the shearwall)

Ldh = fy * db / (5.4√fc') (75)

Ldh + cv = 29.3 cm + 4 cm = 33.2 cm

4. Selected thickness should allow for max edge rebar ratio <= 2-3%.

Practically, tw can be calculated from point 1 and checked against other requirements.
If there are main girders connected through the shearwall, tw should be equal or larger than L dh+cv

b. Shearwall design forces

1. Shearwall design forces can be calculated as :

Vwj = rwv * Vx / Nw, where Nw = number of shearwall at level x (76)

rwv is taken as 0.5-1.0 depends on the stiffness ratio of shearwall to overall stiffness and position level of
shearwall. The shearwall stiffness contribution will decrease to above 0.5 at roof top.
If shearwall is dominant, then rwv can be >= 0.90, and will be taken as 1.0 for practical reason.
In this condition, all columns must be able to resist 25% of story shear.

Vwj can be increased by factor of 1.2-1.3 for irregular shape or torsionally irregular building.

2. Shearwall design moment will be calculated as follows:

If there is no inflection point in shearwall (usual case) :

Mwe = Vwj * hi (77)

Mwg = can be neglected compared to moment from earthquake

Shearwall design moment :

Mwj = Mwe + Mwg (78)

 c. Simplified Shearwall design:

Shearwall axial force is usually much smaller compared to its bending force, so for simplified design
shearwall axial force can be taken as zero and shearwall can be designed using simplified beam formula:

As = Mu /(f fy 0.9 d) = Mu / (3159*d) cm2 (79)

Shearwall thickness should be selected to give edge rebar ratio of 1-3%, vertical rebar of 0.25-0.5% and
boundary rebar of 1-3%.

6. Spreadsheet Application

The simplified design procedure above can be easily implemented in a common spreadsheet program to be
used easily and much faster.

Table 8. Calculation of building weight and earthquake load

ESRC Worksheet
Preliminary Aseismic Building Design
02/06/2017

1 PARAMETERS

Building Name
= Hotel ABC I= 1 Lb = 8 m Qdl,col = 250 kg/m2
Location = Bandung To = 2 sec fy = 4000 kg/cm2 Qdl,beam = 150 kg/m2
Type = SMRF k= 1.75 Cfi = 0.25 at top floor Qll = 250 kg/m2
Function = Hotel R= 8 Llrf, grav = 0.7 Q keramik = 15 kg/m2
No. of Floors
= 20 Cd = 0.1 (EQ Chart) Llrf, earthq = 0.25 Q mortar = 100 kg/m2
No. Of Tower
= 1 omega = 2.5 Coef. Frame = 1 Q plafond = 18 kg/m2
No. Of Basement
= 0 Ss = 1.5 Ncol,f1 = 9 columns Q partisi = 50 kg/m2
=
Jenis Pondasi S1 = 0.5 Vbshr = #REF! kg Q sidl = 133 kg/m2

2 CALCULATION
W/ shwal = 0.4-0.25
FLR Area, flr fc' hi Tp,slab Qslab Qsidl Qdl,col Qdl,beam Tebal Shw Qdl,Shw Qdl,Partn Qdl,tot Qll W,grav W,earthq W,grav,cum hi,cum Wi*(hi^k) Fi, total Vi, total Coef. For Vi, Frame Vi,col1 Column ci Z = ci*hi Mi,col1
(m2) kg/cm2 (m) (cm) (kg/m2) (kg/m2) (kg/m2) (kg/m2) m (kg/m2) (kg/m2) (kg/m2) (kg/m2) (kg) (kg) (kg) (m) (kg.m) (kg) (kg) Vi,frame (kg) (kg) Mom. Coef. (m) (kg.m)
20 192 250 3 12 288 133 250 150 0.2 105 0 748.5 250 #REF! #REF! #REF! 60 #REF! #REF! #REF! 0.4 #REF! #REF! 0.6 1.8 #REF!
19 192 250 3 12 288 133 250 150 0.2 105 50 976 250 #REF! #REF! #REF! 57 #REF! #REF! #REF! 0.4 #REF! #REF! 0.5 1.5 #REF!
18 192 250 3 12 288 133 250 150 0.2 105 50 976 250 #REF! #REF! #REF! 54 #REF! #REF! #REF! 0.4 #REF! #REF! 0.5 1.5 #REF!
17 192 250 3 12 288 133 250 150 0.2 105 50 976 250 #REF! #REF! #REF! 51 #REF! #REF! #REF! 0.4 #REF! #REF! 0.5 1.5 #REF!
16 192 250 3 12 288 133 250 150 0.2 105 50 976 250 #REF! #REF! #REF! 48 #REF! #REF! #REF! 0.4 #REF! #REF! 0.5 1.5 #REF!
15 192 300 3 12 288 133 250 150 0.2 105 50 976 250 #REF! #REF! #REF! 45 #REF! #REF! #REF! 0.35 #REF! #REF! 0.5 1.5 #REF!
14 192 300 3 12 288 133 250 150 0.2 105 50 976 250 #REF! #REF! #REF! 42 #REF! #REF! #REF! 0.35 #REF! #REF! 0.5 1.5 #REF!
13 192 300 3 12 288 133 250 150 0.2 105 50 976 250 #REF! #REF! #REF! 39 #REF! #REF! #REF! 0.35 #REF! #REF! 0.5 1.5 #REF!
12 192 300 3 12 288 133 250 150 0.2 105 50 976 250 #REF! #REF! #REF! 36 #REF! #REF! #REF! 0.35 #REF! #REF! 0.5 1.5 #REF!
11 192 300 3 12 288 133 250 150 0.2 105 50 976 250 #REF! #REF! #REF! 33 #REF! #REF! #REF! 0.35 #REF! #REF! 0.5 1.5 #REF!
10 192 350 3 12 288 133 250 150 0.2 105 50 976 250 #REF! #REF! #REF! 30 #REF! #REF! #REF! 0.3 #REF! #REF! 0.5 1.5 #REF!
9 192 350 3 12 288 133 250 150 0.2 105 50 976 250 #REF! #REF! #REF! 27 #REF! #REF! #REF! 0.3 #REF! #REF! 0.5 1.5 #REF!
8 192 350 3 12 288 133 250 150 0.2 105 50 976 250 #REF! #REF! #REF! 24 #REF! #REF! #REF! 0.3 #REF! #REF! 0.5 1.5 #REF!
7 192 350 3 12 288 133 250 150 0.2 105 50 976 250 #REF! #REF! #REF! 21 #REF! #REF! #REF! 0.3 #REF! #REF! 0.5 1.5 #REF!
6 192 350 3 12 288 133 250 150 0.2 105 50 976 250 #REF! #REF! #REF! 18 #REF! #REF! #REF! 0.30 #REF! #REF! 0.5 1.5 #REF!
5 192 400 3 12 288 133 250 150 0.2 105 50 976 250 #REF! #REF! #REF! 15 #REF! #REF! #REF! 0.25 #REF! #REF! 0.5 1.5 #REF!
4 192 400 3 12 288 133 250 150 0.2 105 50 976 250 #REF! #REF! #REF! 12 #REF! #REF! #REF! 0.25 #REF! #REF! 0.5 1.5 #REF!
3 192 400 3 12 288 133 250 150 0.2 105 50 976 250 #REF! #REF! #REF! 9 #REF! #REF! #REF! 0.25 #REF! #REF! 0.5 1.5 #REF!
2 192 400 3 12 288 133 250 150 0.2 105 50 976 250 #REF! #REF! #REF! 6 #REF! #REF! #REF! 0.25 #REF! #REF! 0.6 1.8 #REF!
1 192 400 3 12 288 133 250 150 0.2 105 50 976 250 #REF! #REF! #REF! 3 #REF! #REF! #REF! 0.25 #REF! #REF! 0.7 2.1 #REF!
0 192 400 3 0 0 0 250 150 0.2 105 50 177.5 0 34,080 #REF! #REF! 0 #REF! #REF! #REF! 0.25 #REF! #REF! 0.7 2.1 #REF!
63 SUM = #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

A user can enter site specific information, story data and building layout information. The spreadsheet program
can automatically calculated earthquake load, story lateral force and story shear.
The result will be used to calculate column and design forces.

Table 9. Column and Main Girder Design

3 PERHITUNGAN KOLOM Strong Column
Weak Beam
FLR Area, flr fc' hi Mi, col1 Ni,col1 Ac=N/(0.3*fc') ratio H/B B H Use B Use H Ag d tulangan d sengkang cover clear cover Column Column Check MinCheck MaxCheck Max Ag Column Column Column Column Column e min Cek Cek
(m2) kg/cm2 (m) (kg.m) (kg) (cm2) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm2) cm cm cm cm Rebar (cm2) %Rebar %Rebar Use B Use H (cm2) % rebar As (cm2) Pno (kg) Mno (kg.m) Status cm Mn Pn Status
20 192 250 3 1,302.7 19,701.3 262.7 1 16.2 16.2 30 30 900 1.9 1 4 5.95 13.89 1.54 1.54 30 30 900 1.20 13.89 127889.4 1,433.01 OK 1.59 1433.01 139445.18 OK
19 192 250 3 1,386.2 44,256.0 590.1 1 24.3 24.3 30 30 900 1.9 1 4 5.95 14.78 1.64 1.64 30 30 900 1.20 14.78 129741.0 1,524.85 OK 1.59 1524.85 142037.40 OK
18 192 250 3 1,659.7 68,810.7 917.5 1 30.3 30.3 35 35 1225 1.9 1 4 5.95 14.65 1.20 1.20 35 35 1225 1.20 14.70 165326.0 1,831.98 OK 1.605 1831.98 177556.4 OK
17 192 250 3 1,907.2 93,365.3 1,244.9 1 35.3 35.3 40 40 1600 1.9 1 4 5.95 14.36 0.90 1.20 40 40 1600 1.20 19.20 215936.0 2,804.63 OK 1.62 2804.63 231910.4 OK
16 192 250 3 2,129.7 117,920.0 1,572.3 1 39.7 39.7 40 40 1600 1.9 1 4 5.95 16.04 1.00 1.20 40 40 1600 1.20 19.20 215936.0 2,804.63 OK 1.62 2804.63 231910.4 OK
15 192 300 3 2,037.4 142,474.7 1,583.1 1 39.8 39.8 40 40 1600 1.9 1 4 5.95 15.34 0.96 1.20 40 40 1600 1.20 19.20 251136.0 2,804.63 OK 1.62 2804.63 267110.4 OK
14 192 300 3 2,191.5 167,029.3 1,855.9 1 43.1 43.1 45 45 2025 1.9 1 4 5.95 14.39 0.71 1.20 45 45 2025 1.20 24.30 317844.0 4,070.85 OK 1.635 4070.85 338061.6 OK
13 192 300 3 2,326.9 191,584.0 2,128.7 1 46.1 46.1 50 50 2500 1.9 1 4 5.95 13.54 0.54 1.20 50 50 2500 1.20 30.00 392400.0 5,669.24 OK 1.65 5669.24 417360 OK
12 192 300 3 2,444.6 216,138.7 2,401.5 1 49.0 49.0 50 50 2500 1.9 1 4 5.95 14.23 0.57 1.20 50 50 2500 1.20 30.00 392400.0 5,669.24 OK 1.65 5669.24 417360 OK
11 192 300 3 2,545.7 240,693.3 2,674.4 1 51.7 51.7 55 55 3025 1.9 1 4 5.95 13.31 0.44 1.20 55 55 3025 1.20 36.30 474804.0 7,638.41 OK 1.665 7638.41 505005.6 OK
10 192 350 3 2,255.4 265,248.0 2,526.2 1 50.3 50.3 55 55 3025 1.9 1 4 5.95 11.79 0.39 1.20 55 55 3025 1.20 36.30 541354.0 7,638.41 OK 1.665 7638.41 571555.6 OK
9 192 350 3 2,316.3 289,802.7 2,760.0 1 52.5 52.5 55 55 3025 1.9 1 4 5.95 12.11 0.40 1.20 55 55 3025 1.20 36.30 541354.0 7,638.41 OK 1.665 7638.41 571555.6 OK
8 192 350 3 2,366.0 314,357.3 2,993.9 1 54.7 54.7 55 55 3025 1.9 1 4 5.95 12.37 0.41 1.20 55 55 3025 1.20 36.30 541354.0 7,638.41 OK 1.665 7638.41 571555.6 OK
7 192 350 3 2,405.2 338,912.0 3,227.7 1 56.8 56.8 60 60 3600 2.2 1.3 4 6.4 11.51 0.32 1.20 60 60 3600 1.20 43.20 644256.0 9,933.58 OK 1.68 9933.58 680198.4 OK
6 192 350 3 2,435.2 363,466.7 3,461.6 1 58.8 58.8 60 60 3600 2.2 1.3 4 6.4 11.65 0.32 1.20 60 60 3600 1.20 43.20 644256.0 9,933.58 OK 1.68 9933.58 680198.4 OK
5 192 400 3 2,047.5 388,021.3 3,233.5 1 56.9 56.9 60 60 3600 2.2 1.3 4 6.4 9.79 0.27 1.20 60 60 3600 1.20 43.20 723456.0 9,933.58 OK 1.68 9933.58 759398.4 OK
4 192 400 3 2,059.8 412,576.0 3,438.1 1 58.6 58.6 60 60 3600 2.2 1.3 4 6.4 9.85 0.27 1.20 60 60 3600 1.20 43.20 723456.0 9,933.58 OK 1.68 9933.58 759398.4 OK
3 192 400 3 2,067.3 437,130.7 3,642.8 1 60.4 60.4 65 65 4225 2.2 1.3 4 6.4 9.05 0.21 1.20 65 65 4225 1.20 50.70 849056.0 12,745.68 OK 1.695 12745.68 891238.4 OK
2 192 400 3 2,485.1 461,685.3 3,847.4 1 62.0 62.0 65 65 4225 2.2 1.3 4 6.4 10.87 0.26 1.20 65 65 4225 1.20 50.70 849056.0 12,745.68 OK 1.695 12745.68 891238.4 OK
1 192 400 3 2,900.8 486,240.0 4,052.0 1 63.7 63.7 65 65 4225 2.2 1.3 4 6.4 12.69 0.30 1.20 65 65 4225 1.20 50.70 849056.0 12,745.68 OK 1.695 12745.68 891238.4 OK
0 192 400 3 2,900.8 490,026.7 4,083.6 1 63.9 63.9 65 65 4225 2.2 1.3 4 6.4 12.69 0.30 1.20 65 65 4225 1.20 50.70 849056.0 12,745.68 OK 1.695 12745.68 891238.4 OK
63

4 PERHITUNGAN BALOK

FLR Area, flr fc' hi Mbe = Mi, col1 Mbg Mb Vb H balok B balok use H use B C1 C2 d tulangan d sengkang cover clear cover As perlu As pakai n tulangan rebar pct
(m2) kg/cm2 (m) (kgm) (kgm) (kgm) (kg) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (kg/cm2) (kg/cm2) cm cm cm cm (cm2) (cm2) (buah) (%)
20 192 300 3 1,302.7 5910.4 9577.3 2394.32 66.67 33.33 70 35 3552.42 3197.18 1.9 1 4 5.95 4.68 2.84 1.6 0.19
19 192 300 3 1,386.2 7366.4 11699.2 2924.80 66.67 33.33 70 35 3552.42 3197.18 1.9 1 4 5.95 5.71 2.84 2.0 0.23
18 192 300 3 1,659.7 7366.4 11972.7 2993.17 66.67 33.33 70 35 3552.42 3197.18 1.9 1 4 5.95 5.85 2.84 2.1 0.24
17 192 300 3 1,907.2 7366.4 12220.1 3055.03 66.67 33.33 70 35 3552.42 3197.18 1.9 1 4 5.95 5.97 2.84 2.1 0.24
16 192 300 3 2,129.7 7366.4 12442.6 3110.66 66.67 33.33 70 35 3552.42 3197.18 1.9 1 4 5.95 6.08 2.84 2.1 0.25
15 192 300 3 2,037.4 7366.4 12350.4 3087.59 66.67 33.33 70 35 3552.42 3197.18 1.9 1 4 5.95 6.03 2.84 2.1 0.25
14 192 300 3 2,191.5 7366.4 12504.5 3126.13 66.67 33.33 70 35 3552.42 3197.18 1.9 1 4 5.95 6.11 2.84 2.2 0.25
13 192 300 3 2,326.9 7366.4 12639.9 3159.98 66.67 33.33 70 35 3552.42 3197.18 1.9 1 4 5.95 6.17 2.84 2.2 0.25
12 192 300 3 2,444.6 7366.4 12757.6 3189.40 66.67 33.33 70 35 3552.42 3197.18 1.9 1 4 5.95 6.23 2.84 2.2 0.25
11 192 300 3 2,545.7 7366.4 12858.7 3214.67 66.67 33.33 70 35 3552.42 3197.18 1.9 1 4 5.95 6.28 2.84 2.2 0.26
10 192 300 3 2,255.4 7366.4 12568.3 3142.08 66.67 33.33 70 35 3552.42 3197.18 1.9 1 4 5.95 6.14 2.84 2.2 0.25
9 192 300 3 2,316.3 7366.4 12629.3 3157.33 66.67 33.33 70 35 3552.42 3197.18 1.9 1 4 5.95 6.17 2.84 2.2 0.25
8 192 300 3 2,366.0 7366.4 12678.9 3169.73 66.67 33.33 70 35 3552.42 3197.18 1.9 1 4 5.95 6.19 2.84 2.2 0.25
7 192 300 3 2,405.2 7366.4 12718.2 3179.55 66.67 33.33 70 35 3552.42 3197.18 1.9 1 4 5.95 6.21 2.84 2.2 0.25
6 192 300 3 2,435.2 7366.4 12748.2 3187.05 66.67 33.33 70 35 3552.42 3197.18 1.9 1 4 5.95 6.23 2.84 2.2 0.25
5 192 300 3 2,047.5 7366.4 12360.5 3090.12 66.67 33.33 70 35 3552.42 3197.18 1.9 1 4 5.95 6.04 2.84 2.1 0.25
4 192 300 3 2,059.8 7366.4 12372.8 3093.20 66.67 33.33 70 35 3552.42 3197.18 1.9 1 4 5.95 6.04 2.84 2.1 0.25
3 192 300 3 2,067.3 7366.4 12380.2 3095.05 66.67 33.33 70 35 3552.42 3197.18 1.9 1 4 5.95 6.05 2.84 2.1 0.25
2 192 300 3 2,485.1 7366.4 12798.1 3199.51 66.67 33.33 70 35 3552.42 3197.18 1.9 1 4 5.95 6.25 2.84 2.2 0.26
1 192 300 3 2,900.8 7366.4 13213.8 3303.44 66.67 33.33 70 35 3552.42 3197.18 1.9 1 4 5.95 6.45 2.84 2.3 0.26
0 192 300 0 2,900.8 1136 4491.2 1122.80 66.67 33.33 70 35 3552.42 3197.18 1.9 1 4 5.95 2.19 2.84 0.8 0.09
60
Columns and beams will be design for rebar number and checked back for capacity design requirements.

Using this approach, a simplified preliminary design of a building can be done in a very short time using 1 page
spreadsheet calculation.

7. Conclusions and Recommendations

a. Conclusions

1. From above discussion a practical and simplified method for preliminary design of a regular building in
seismic area has been formulated.

2. The simplified procedure given can be done by hand calculation or implemented using a spreadsheet or
simple computer program.

3. To enable the use of spreadsheet, simplified formulas for concrete column and beam rebar design have
been derived.

4. The simplified procedure can be used for parametric study of high-rise buildings, or for quick checking
of a building design result.

b. Recommendations

1. Fine tuning of various parameters used in this simplified preliminary design can be done to different
building types and layouts.

2. A parametric design using this procedure can be done to find certain properties of a highrise building

3. The above procedure can be extended to cover high-rise building with outtriger system
 REFERENCES

1. Bambang Budiono, “Contoh Desain Bangunan Tahan Gempa”, Penerbit ITB, 2017
2. Iswandi Imran, Ediansjah Zulkifli, Perencanaan Dasar Struktur Beton Bertulang, Penerbit ITB, 2014
3. Jerod G. Johnson, Simplified Methods in Reinforced Concrete Design, Engineer's Notebook, Structure
Magazine, 2013
4. Edward G. Nawy, Reinforced Concrete: a Fundamental Approach, Pearson, 2008
5. Edoardo Cosenza, Carmine Galasso, Giuseppe Maddaloni, Dept. of Structural Engineering, University
of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy, SIMPLIFIED ASSESSMENT OF BENDING MOMENT
CAPACITY FOR RC MEMBERS WITH CIRCULAR CROSS-SECTION, 3rd fib International
Congress - 2010
6. AISC, Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings AISC 341-10, AISC, 2010
7. AISC, Basic Design Values Charts, American Institute of Steel Construction, 2011
8. Advance Steel Design Course, HIDA-JICA, Jakarta, 2016
9. Muslinang Moestopo, Perencanaan Bangunan Baja Tahan Gempa, Short-course HAKI, 2015
10. MIT Dept. of Civil Engineering, Design of Steel Structures, MIT, 1999
11. Standard Perencanaan Gempa untuk Gedung, SNI-1726-2012
12. SANSpro V.5.10 – Structural Analysis and Design System, Software Manual, 2017

ATTACHMENT:

Example spreadsheet for concrete building (SMRF and Dual System)

download link: www.esrcen.com/pbd1.zip