Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics 171 (2018) 107–108

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Optik
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijleo

Original research article

Notes on the published article “Fractional order entropy: New

T
perspectives” by Ali KARCI, Optik - International Journal for Light
and Electron Optics, Volume 127, Issue 20, October 2016, Pages
9172–9177
Ali Karci
Ali KARCI,İnönü University, Department of Computer Engineering, Malatya, Turkey

A R T IC LE I N F O ABS TRA CT

Keywords: This short note concerns the error in the article by Ali KARCI, “Fractional order entropy: New
Fractional order derivative perspectives”, Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, Volume 127, Issue 20,
Entropy October 2016, Pages 9172–9177 [1]. The new definition of fractional order derivative was used
in this paper and its comparisons were made with respect to Shannon Entropy. In order to specify
the notes on the published paper, the fractional order derivative should be given (the definition
made by Ali KARCI).

1. Fractional order derivative

Here is just a small part of the work in this area is given. Except these, there are numerous studies. This is a work can be divided
into two groups such as mathematical theory of FODs and the applications of FODs [1–8]. There are many important errors and
deficiencies in fractional order derivative’s definitions. The sources and reasons for these errors and deficiencies can be summarized
as follows:

a) Many authors assumed the order of derivative is integer up to a specific step. While reaching this specific point, authors assumed
the order of derivative as real number. The result of this process involves gamma functions due to the assumption of order of
derivative as integer. This is a deficiencies and error. For example, f(x)=xk and n < k. n,k∈Z+, nth order derivative of f(x) is
f(n)(x).

f(n)(x)=k(k-1)(k-2)…(k-n+1)xk-n

and (n+1)th is assumed as fractional order derivative.

• Another important point is that the degree of derivative can be real not integer. For example, f(x)=x
(n)
k
and n < k. n,k∈Z+, nth
order derivative of f(x) is f (x), then
β β β
f (n) (X ) = k ⎛k − ⎞...⎛k − (n − 1) ⎞ x k − n δ
⎝ δ ⎠ ⎝ δ ⎠

E-mail address: ali.karci@inonu.edu.tr.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.05.022
Received 20 March 2018; Accepted 8 May 2018
0030-4026/ © 2018 Published by Elsevier GmbH.
A. Karci Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics 171 (2018) 107–108

The obtained equation for f(n)(x) is not a derivative. Since it is straightforward process of decreasing power of variable step-by-step
and it is also product of powers of variable at each step as coefficient. Due these reasons, the fractional order was redefined by Karcı
and this definition is given below.
Definition. f(x):R→R is a function, α∈R and the fractional order derivative can be considered as follows.
f α (x + h) − f α (x )
f (α ) (x ) = lim
h → 0 (x + h)α − x α

Applying L’Hospital method concludes as follow:

d (f α (x + h) − f α (x ))
f α (x + h) − f α (x ) ⎞ f (x ) ⎞α − 1
f (α ) (x ) = lim L ⎛ ⎜ = lim ⎟
dh
d ((x + h)α − x α )
=⎛ f ′ (x )
h → 0 ⎝ (x + h)α − x α ⎠ h → 0 ⎝ x ⎠
dh

The Shannon entropy was obtained by the follwing process.

lim d
S=
t → −1 dt
∑ pi−t
i

Order to obtain fractional order entropy, the fractional order derivative can be applied to the following function.

f (t ) = ∑ pi−t
i

The obatined entropy formula (as in paper “Fractional order entropy: New perspectives”) is include error. The right formula for
fractional entropy (Karcı entropy) can be obtained as follow. The amount of information cannot be negative and it must be non-
negative.

d (α ) f (t ) d (α ) p−t α − 1
E= dt
= dt
n n
∑i = 1 p−t = ∑i = 1 ( )
t
(−1) p−1 ln p
n n
= ∑i = 1 |(−p)α − 1 (−p)ln p| = ∑i = 1 |(−p)α ln p|.

References

[1] Karci Ali, Fractional order entropy: new perspectives, Optik 127 (October (20)) (2016) 9172–9177.
[2] Karci Ali, Kesir Dereceli Türevin Yeni Yaklaşımının Özellikleri, J. Faculty Eng. Arch. Gazi Univ. 30 (3) (2015) 487–501.
[3] Karci Ali, A new approach for fractional order derivative and its applications, Univ. J. Eng. Sci. 1 (3) (2013) 110–117.
[4] Karci Ali, New approach for fractional order derivatives: fundamentals and analytic properties, Mathematics 4 (2) (2016) 1–15.
[5] Karci Ali, Chain rule for fractional order derivatives, Sci. Innov. 3 (6) (2015) 63–67.
[6] Karci Ali, Karadoğan Ahmet, Fractional order derivative and relationship between derivative and complex function, Math. Sci. Appl. E-Notes 2 (1) (2014) 44–54.
[7] Karci Ali, Properyies of fractional order derivatives for groups of relations/functions, Univ. J. Eng. Sci. 3 (3) (2015) 39–45.
[8] Karci Ali, Malatya functions: symmetric functions obtained by applying fractional order derivative to karcı entropy, Anatol. Sci. – J. Comput. Sci. 2 (2) (2017) 1–8.

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