Soil Testing Tech Specification

AURO TEXTILES
(A UNIT OF VARDHAMAN TEXTILES LTD.,)

SAI ROAD, VPO BADDI, TEHSIL NALAGARH,
DISTT. SOLAN (HP)
ADDITION OF 40 TPH AFBC STEAM GENERATOR
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

SOIL INVESTIGATION WORK
CONTROLLED COPY UN-CONTROLLED COPY
00 01.09.18 FIRST ISSUE VSK SRSP SSK
REV.
DATE DESCRIPTION PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED
NO.
No. of Sheets
DOCUMENT NO. (including
cover sheet)
4-17298-600-0011 68
SUBJECT DOC. NO. REV. : 0
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M/s. AURO TEXTILES (A
UNIT OF VARDHAMAN
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR SOIL 4-17298-600-0011 2 OF 68
TEXTILES LTD) 01.09.18
INVESTIGATION WORK
CONTENT
Sl. No. DESCRIPTION
1 Purpose / Objective
2 Scope
3 Codes and Standards
4 General Requirements
5 Visits to Site
6 Safety
7 Field Investigations
8 Laboratory Investigations
9 Rates & Measurements
10 Bill of Quantities
11 Report
12 Bid Drawing
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1.0 Purpose / Objective
This specification covers the details for a detailed “Geotechnical investigation work to be
carried out at the site and submission of a detailed Geotechnical report”. The detailed
geotechnical investigation shall be carried out to provide the designer with sufficiently
accurate information both general and specific about the substrata profile and relevant
soil and rock parameters at site on the basis of which the foundation for various structures
and equipments of the power station can be designed rationally.
a) Such structures would include main power house, Chimney Stack, Cooling Tower,
boiler foundation, turbo generator foundation, foundation for crusher house, and
foundation for vibratory equipments, deep pits, reservoir, pipe supports, and all other
related structures of the power station and all other auxiliary buildings etc.
OR
b) Such structures would include intake water structures, DM plant and all other related
structures of the power plant
The range of load intensities for the minor structures are expected to be between 50
kN/sqm and 100 kN/sqm and the bottom of foundations can be kept at shallow depth
from 1.0 m to 2.0 m below EGL. The range of load intensities from the major structures
are expected to be between 100 kN/sqm and 500 kN/sqm and the bottom of foundations
can be kept at greater depth from 2.0 m to 4.0 m below EGL considering the other
services like cable trenches and cooling water pipe lines etc which will be passing above
top of foundation.
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2.0 Scope
2.1 The scope of work shall include the following:
a) The Contractor shall mobilize of all necessary equipments to start the work as per
schedule, demobilize of all the equipments within fifteen (15) days of the completion of
the work and complete the demobilization within twenty-one (21) days of the completion
of the work.
b) The Contractor shall provide necessary engineering supervision with qualified and
experienced Technical personnel (Skilled, unskilled labourers and laboratory
technicians, supervisors, geotechnical engineers, geologist, etc)
c) Site clearance work and erection of work platforms, and other temporary facilities,
reinstatement of investigation sites/spaces/roads and clearance of any contamination
d) Surveying, leveling and setting out the coordinates and position of test locations with an
accuracy of +/- 0.01m with reference to established Project Bench Mark and plant grid
references provided by the Client as per the drawings/sketches supplied to him. For
determining the reduced levels at these locations the Engineer-In-Charge / Client will
indicate a single bench mark .
e) The contractor has to provide at the site all the necessary survey instruments to the
satisfaction of the Engineer-In-Charge / Client so that the work can be carried out
accurately according to the specification and drawings.
f) The entire field as well as laboratory investigation work shall be supervised by a graduate
in civil engineering with at least 5 years of site experience in respective areas of
geotechnical investigation work.
g) A geologist shall also be deputed at site during investigation whenever rock drilling is
undertaken.
h) A post graduate in geotechnical engineering with at least 5 years of experience shall

carryout the scheduling of laboratory tests, analysis and interpretation of test results,
drafting of report and recommendations for design and construction of foundations and
earth structures
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i) Photo-documentation of all investigation sites and access roads including photos prior to
the start of investigation works and also after reinstatement. Refer Cl. 7.0 also.
j) Providing technical services as and when called for during the design and construction of
the project
3.0 Codes and Standards
3.1 All standards, specifications and codes of practice referred to herein shall be the latest
editions including all applicable official amendments and revisions.
Whenever called for by the Engineer-In-Charge / Client, all tests of the materials as
specified by the relevant BIS Codes shall be carried out by the Contractor in an approved
laboratory and test reports duly authenticated by the laboratory, shall be submitted to the
Engineer-In-Charge / Client for his approval. If so desired by the Engineer-In-Charge /
Client, tests shall be conducted in the presence of the Engineer-In-Charge / Client or his
authorised nominee.
Quality and acceptability of materials not covered under this specification shall be
governed by the relevant BIS Codes. For any particular material if BIS code is not
available, other codes e.g. British Standards (BS) Institution, British-European (BS-EN)
Standards, American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) / American Petroleum
Institute (API)) or Deutsches Institut fur Normung (DIN) shall be applicable in the order
listed. In this regard, the decision of the Engineer-In-Charge / Client shall be final and
binding on the Contractor.
All works shall be carried out as per the Specification and the Codes and Standards listed
in Section 3.3 of this Specification.
3.2 In case of conflict between this Specification and those IS Codes and Standards referred
to herein the former shall prevail.
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3.3 List of Codes and Standards
Sl. BIS CODE R A YEAR Description

No.
Safety Codes
1 IS: 2925 2 4 1984 Specification For Industrial Safety Helmets
2 IS: 3696 (Part 1) 1 0 1987 Safety Code of Scaffolds and Ladders: (Part 1)
Scaffolds
3 IS: 3696 (Part 2) 1 0 1991 Safety Code of Scaffolds and Ladders: (Part 2) Ladders
4 IS: 3764 1 0 1992 Code of Safety for Excavation Work
5 IS: 4014(Part 1) 1 0 1967 CP for Steel Tubular Scaffolding: (Part 1) Safety

Regulations for Steel Tubular Scaffolding
6 IS: 4014(Part 2) 1 0 2013 CP for Steel Tubular Scaffolding: (Part 2) Safety
Regulations for Scaffolding
7 IS: 4081 2 0 2013 Code of Safety for Blasting and Related Drilling
Operations
8 IS: 4082 2 0 1996 Recommendations on Stacking and Storage of
Construction Materials and Components at Site
9 IS: 4130 2 0 1991 Safety Code for Demolition of Buildings
10 IS: 4138 1 0 1977 Safety Code for Working in Compressed Air
11 IS: 5121 1 0 2013 Code of Safety for Piling and Other Deep Foundations
12 IS: 5916 1 0 2013 Safety Code for Construction Involving Use of Hot
Bituminous Materials
13 IS: 7293 0 0 1974 Safety Code for Working With Construction
Machinery
14 IS: 7969 0 1 1975 Safety Code for Handling and Storage of Building
Materials
15 IS: 13415 0 0 1992 Code of Safety for Protective Barriers in and around
Buildings
Glossary of Terms and Symbols
1 IS: 2809 1 0 1972 Glossary of Terms and Symbols Relating to Soil
Engineering
2 IS: 2810 1 0 1979 Glossary of Terms Relating to Soil Dynamics
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No.
3 IS: 6065 x x ‘----- Preparation of geological and geotechnical maps for
river valley project
4 IS: 7422 x x ‘----- Symbols and abbreviations for use in geological maps,
sections and subsurface exploratory logs (Relevant
parts)
5 IS: 11358 0 0 1987 Glossary of Terms and Symbols Relating to Rock
Mechanics
6 IS: 15686 x x 2006 Recommendations for preparation of geological maps
for river valley projects (Geological Investigation and
Sub-surface Exploration)

No.
Design Codes
1 IS: 1080 2 0 1985 Code of Practice for Design and Construction of
Shallow Foundations in Soils (Other Than Raft,
Ring and Shell)
2 IS: 1904 3 0 1986 CP for Design and Construction of Foundations
in Soils: General Requirements
3 IS: 2470 (Part 1) 2 0 1985 CP for Installation of Septic Tanks: (Part-I)
Design, Criteria and Construction
4 IS: 2911 (Part 1) 2 0 2010 Design and Construction of Pile Foundations -
(Sec 2) Code of Practice (Part-1) Concrete Piles
(Section 2) Bored Cast In-Situ Concrete Piles
5 IS: 2950 (Part 1) 2 1 1981 Code of Practice for Design and Construction of
Raft Foundations: (Part-1) Design
6 IS: 2974 (Part 3) 2 0 1975 Code of Practice for Design and Construction
Of Machine Foundations: (Part-3) Foundations
for Rotary Type Machines (Medium and High
7 IS: 2974 (Part 4) 1 1 1975 Code of Practice for Design and Construction of
Machine Foundations: (Part-4) Foundations for
Rotary Type Machines of Low Frequency.
No.
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Design Codes
Foundations for Transmission Line Towers and
Poles
9 IS: 4464 x x 1985 Code of Practice for Presentation of Drilling
Information and Core Description in Foundation
Investigation
10 IS: 5249 2 1 1992 Determination of Dynamic Properties of Soil -
Method of Test
11 IS: 6403 1 2 1981 Code of Practice for Determination of Bearing
Capacity of Shallow Foundations
12 IS: 8009 (Part 1) 0 2 1976 Code of Practice for Calculation of Settlements
of Foundations: (Part-1) Shallow Foundations
Subjected to Symmetrical Static Vertical Loads
13 IS: 8009 (Part 2) 0 1 1980 Code of Practice for Calculation of Settlements
of Foundations: (Part-2) Deep Foundations
Subjected to Symmetrical Static Vertical
Loadings
Diaphragm Walls
15 IS : 11089 0 1 1984 Code of Practice for Design and Construction of
Ring Foundation.
Shallow Foundations on Rock
17 IS: 13063 0 0 1991 Code of Practice for Structural Safety of
Buildings on Shallow Foundations on Rocks
18 IS: 14593 0 1 1998 Design and Construction of Bored Cast-In-Situ

Piles Founded on Rocks - Guidelines
Sl. BIS CODE R A YEAR DESCRIPTION

No.
Codes for Field Investigations
1 IS: 1888 2 0 1982 Method of Load Test on Soils
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No.
2 IS: 1892 1 0 1979 Code of Practice for Subsurface Investigation for

Foundations
3 IS: 2131 1 0 1981 Method of Standard Penetration Test for Soils
4 IS: 2132 2 0 1986 Code of Practice for Thin Walled Tube Sampling of
Soils
5 IS:2720 (Part 28) 1 1 1974 Methods of Test for Soils IS: 2720 (Part
28): Determination of Dry Density of Soils In-Place
by the Sand Replacement Method
6 IS:2720 (Part 29) 1 0 1975 Methods of Test for Soils IS: 2720 (Part 29):
Determination of Dry Density of Soils In-Place by
the Core-Cutter Method
7 IS:2720 (Part 31) 1 0 1990 Methods of Test for Soils: Part 31 Field
Determination of California Bearing Ratio
8 IS: 2720 (Part 0 0 1979 Methods of Test for Soils, Part 39 Direct Shear Test
39/Sec 2) for Soils Containing Gravels Sec-2 In-Situ Shear
Test
9 IS: 2911 (Part 4) 2 0 2013 Design and construction of pile foundations - Code
of practice: (Part 4) Load test on piles
10 IS: 3043 x x 1987 Code of Practice for Earthing
11 IS: 4078 x x 1980 Code of Practice for Indexing and Storage of Drill
Cores
12 IS: 4434 1 0 1978 Code of Practice for In-Situ Vane Shear Test for
Soils
13 IS: 4453 x x 2009 Code of Practice for Subsurface Exploration by

Pits, Trenches, Drifts and Shafts
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No.
14 IS: 4651(Part 1) 1 2 1974 CP for Planning and Design of Ports and Harbours:
Part 1 Site Investigation
15 IS:4968 (Part 1) 1 1 1976 Method for Subsurface Sounding for Soils Part 1
Dynamic Method Using 50 mm Cone Without
Bentonite Slurry
Dynamic Method Using Cone and Bentonite Slurry
Static Cone Penetration Test
18 IS: 5249 2 1 1992 Determination of Dynamic Properties of Soil -

Method of Test
19 IS: 5313 x x 1980 Code of Practice for Core Drilling Operations
20 IS: 5529 (Part 1) X X Code of Practice for In-Situ Permeability Test –

1985 (Part 1) Test in Overburden
21 IS: 5529 (Part 2) x x 2006 Code of Practice for In-Situ Permeability Test –
(Part 2) Test in Bed Rock
22 IS: 6926 x x 1996 Code of Practice for Diamond Core Drillings - Site
Investigation for River Valley Projects
23 IS: 6935 x x 1973 Methods of Determination of Water Level in a

Borehole
24 IS: 6955 X X 1973 Code of Practice of Subsurface Exploration for

Earth and Rock fill Dams
25 IS: 7746 1 0 1991 Code of Practice for In-Situ Shear Test on Rock
26 IS: 8763 0 0 Guide for Undisturbed Sampling of Sands
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No.
27 IS: 9214 0 0 1979 Method for Determination of Modulus of Sub-

Grade Reaction (k-Value) of Soils in Field
28 IS: 9640 0 2 1980 Specification for Split Spoon Sampler
29 IS: 10042 0 0 1981 Code of Practice for Site Investigations for

Foundation in Gravel Boulder Deposit
30 IS: 10060 X X Code of Practice for Subsurface Investigation for

Power House Projects
31 IS: 10082 0 0 1981 Method of Test for The Determination of Tensile
Strength by Indirect Tests on Rock Specimens
32 IS: 10108 0 0 1982 Code of Practice for Sampling of Soils by Thin

Wall Sampler with Stationary Piston
33 IS: 10379 0 0 1982 Code of Practice for Field Control of Moisture and
Compaction of Soils of Embankment and Sub
grade
34 IS: 10442 0 0 1983 Specification for Earth Augers (Spiral Type)
35 IS: 10589 0 0 1983 Equipment for Determination of Subsurface

Sounding of Soils
36 IS: 11594 0 0 1985 Specification for Thin Walled Sampling Tube and
Sampler Head
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No.
Laboratory - Index
1 IS: 1498 1 2 1970 Classification and Identification of Soils for
General Engineering Purposes
2 IS: 2720 (Part 1) 2 1 1983 Methods of Test for Soils: (Part 1) Preparation of
Soil Samples for Various Tests
3 IS: 2720 (Part 2) 2 1 1973 Methods of Test for Soils: (Part 2) Determination
of Water Content
4 IS: 2720 (Part 3/1) 1 0 1980 Methods of Test for Soils: (Part 3 Sec 1)
Determination of Specific Gravity – Fine Grained
Soils
5 IS: 2720 (Part 3/2) 1 0 1980 Methods of Test for Soils: (Part 3 Sec 2)
Determination of Specific Gravity – Fine, Medium
and Coarse Grained Soils
6 IS: 2720 (Part 4) 2 0 1985 Methods of Test for Soils: (Part 4)Grain Size
Analysis
of Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit
of Shrinkage Factors
of Dry density Moisture Relationship by Constant
Weight Soil Method
10 IS: 2720 (Part14) 1 0 1983 Methods of Test for Soils: (Part 14) Determination
of Density Index (Relative Density) of Cohesion
Less Soils
11 IS:2720 (Part 40) 0 0 1977 Methods of Test for Soils: (Part 40) Determination
of Free Swell Index of Soils
12 IS: 9259 0 1 1979 Specifications for Liquid Limit Apparatus
13 IS: 10077 0 0 1982 Specification for Equipment for Determination of

Shrinkage
14 IS: 10837 0 0 1984 Specifications of Moulds for Determination of
Relative Density and Its Accessories
15 IS: 11196 0 0 1985 Specification for Equipment for Determination of
Liquid Limit of Soils Cone Penetration Method
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No.
Laboratory – Mechanical
Standard Proctor Test: Methods of Test for Soils:

1 IS:2720 (Part 7) 2 2 1980 (Part 7) Determination of Water Content Dry
Density Relation Using Light Compaction
2 IS:2720 (Part 8) 2 0 1983 Modified Proctor Test: Methods of Test for Soils:
(Part 8) Determination of Water Content Dry
Density Relation Using Heavy Compaction
of Unconfined Compressive Strength
Methods of Test for Soils: (Part 11) Determination

4 IS:2720 (Part11) 1 0 1993 of Shear Strength Parameters of A Specimen
Tested in Unconsolidated Un-drained Tri-axial
Compression without the Measurement of Pore
Water Pressure
of Shear Strength Parameters of Soil From
Consolidated Un-drained Tri-axial Compression
Test with the Measurement of Pore Water Pressure
6 IS: 2720 (Part 13) 2 1 1986 Methods of Test for Soils: (Part 13) Direct Shear
Test
of Consolidated Properties
8 IS:2720 (Part 16) 2 0 1987 Methods of Test for Soils: (Part 16) Laboratory
Determination of California Bearing Ratio
Determination of Permeability of Soils
Vane Shear Test
Determination of Permeability of Granular Soils
(Constant Head)
12 IS 2720 (Part 0 0 1977 Methods of Test for Soils, (Part 39) Direct Shear
39/Sec 1) Test for Soils Containing Gravels (Sec-1)
Laboratory Test
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No.
Laboratory – Mechanical
13 IS: 2720 (Part 41) 0 0 1977 Methods of Test for Soils: (Part 41) Measurement
of Swelling Pressure of Soils
14 IS: 9198 0 1 Compaction Rammer for Soil Testing
15 IS: 9221 0 0 1979 Method for the Determination of Modulus of
Elasticity and Poisson's Ratio of Rock Materials in
Uni-axial Compression
16 IS: 9669 0 2 1980 Specifications for CBR Mould and its Accessories
17 IS: 10074 0 0 1982 Specification for Compaction Mould Assembly for

Light and Heavy Compaction
18 IS: 11209 0 0 1985 Specifications for Mould Assembly for

Determination of Permeability of Soils
19 IS: 11229 0 0 1985 Specifications for Shear Box Testing of Soils
20 IS: 11593 0 0 1986 Specification for Shear Box (Large) for Testing of
Soils

No.
Laboratory - Chemical
1 IS:2720 (Part 21) 1 1 1977 Methods of Test for Soils (Part 21): Determination
of Total Soluble Solids
of Organic Matter
of Calcium Carbonate
of pH value
of Total Soluble Sulphates
6 IS: 3025 x x - Methods of Sampling and Testing (Physical and
Chemical) for Water and Waste Water:
No.
Laboratory - Rock
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Code of Practice for Uni-axial Jacking Test for

1 IS: 7317 1 1 1993 Deformation Modulus of Rock
2 IS: 8764 1 2 1998 Method of Determination of Point Load Index of Rocks
3 IS: 9143 0 0 1979 Method for the Determination of Unconfined

Compressive Strength of Rock Materials
4 IS: 9179 0 0 1979 Method for the Preparation of Rock Specimen for
Laboratory
5 IS: 10050 x x 1981 Method for Determination of Slake Durability Index of
Rocks
6 IS: 10782 0 0 1983 Method for Laboratory Determination of Dynamic
Modulus of Rock Core Specimens
7 IS: 10785 0 0 1983 Method for Determination of Compressive and Tensile
Strength for Point Load Tests on Rock Lumps
8 IS: 11315 0 0 1987 Method for the Quantitative Description of
Discontinuities in Rock Mass
9 IS:11315 0 0 1987 Method for the Quantitative Description of
(Part 2) Discontinuities in Rock Mass (Part 2) Spacing
(Part 10) Discontinuities in Rock Mass (Part 10) Block size
(Part 11) Discontinuities in Rock Mass (Part 11) Core Recovery
and Rock Quality
(Part 12) Discontinuities in Rock Mass (Part 12) Drill Core Study
13 IS: 12608 0 0 1989 Methods of Test for Hardness of Rock
14 IS: 12634 0 0 1989 Method of Determination for Direct Shear Strength of
Rock Joints
15 IS: 13030 0 0 1991 Method of Test for Laboratory Determination of Water
Content, Porosity, Density and Related Properties of
Rock Material
16 IS: 13047 0 1 1991 Method for Determination of Strength of Rock Materials
in Tri-axial Compression
17 IS:13365 0 1 1998 Quantitative Classification System of Rock Mass -
(Part-1) Guidelines : (Part 1) RMR for Predicting of Engineering
Properties
18 IS: 13372 0 0 1992 Code Of Practice for Seismic Testing Of Rock Mass
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4.0 General Requirements
4.1 Responsibilities of Geotechnical Engineer / Geologist to Include:
Supervise and observe all surface exploration operations

Classify samples
Define the extend of laboratory tests to be carried out on the individual samples
Make and record site observations
Prepare logs of drillings, soundings, etc.
4.2 The acceptance of the Contractor´s geotechnical engineer/geologist for the job depends
on approval of the CV by the Engineer-In-Charge / Client prior to commencement of any
work on site. The Contractor shall prepare a detailed execution plan with his bid for
approval by the Engineer-In-Charge / Client prior to field work.
4.3 The execution plan to include exhaustive treatment of the following aspects of execution:
Logistics
Health and safety plan
Risk assessment
Protection of environment
Interfaces
Human-resource allocation plan which shall list key personnel, responsibilities,
qualifications, and experience
All major items of equipment and operating procedures
Work method statement for all investigation activities.
The work plan shall comply with all pertinent local laws, regulations, and codes.
4.4 Ensure that all the equipment/instruments are properly calibrated, at the start of the work,
to reflect factual values. If so demanded by the Engineer-In-Charge / Client, have the
instruments tested at an approved laboratory at no extra cost and the test reports
submitted to the Engineer-In-Charge / Client.
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Keep daily records of all activities on site

Submit bore log details on completion of each borehole
Submit other field test results as and when completed
Provide weekly reports including investigation progress and status of the work relative to
the planned time schedule
Identify reasons if progress in the field work is slower than originally planned, and steps
taken to make up the lost time.
4.5 The laboratory performing the tests requires approval by the Engineer-In-Charge / Client
prior to the commencement of any tests
All applied testing equipment to be in good condition and fully functional.

The equipment shall have the legally obligated inspections.
The inspection reports shall be available at the laboratory and shall be presented on
request to the Engineer-In-Charge / Client during visits of the laboratory.
4.6 In areas that have already been developed, take advantage of existing local knowledge
record of trial pits, bore holes etc in the vicinity and the type of foundations adopted and
behavior of existing structures particularly those of similar nature to the ones proposed
for this project.
o Make use of information gathered from quarries, unlined wells, cuttings from nearby
areas etc.
o Study the general topography of the nearby areas for some indication about the variation
of the soil conditions which are likely to exist.
o Gather data regarding the removal of overburden by excavation, erosion or landslides in
the areas which may give an idea of the amount of reconsolidation that the soil strata
have undergone.
o Similarly, study data regarding recent fills to determine the characteristics of the fill as
well as the original strata.
o Note the water level in streams and water courses, if any, in the neighbourhoods
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o Gather reliable information regarding ground water level from water level in the nearby
wells.
o Make enquiries and verify regarding earlier use of the site which can have important
bearing on its suitability for the proposed structures. This is important particularly in
areas where there have been underground works e.g. worked out ballast pits, quarries, old
brick fields, mines, mineral workings etc.
o Investigate the possibility of damage to the structures, sewers, conduits and drainage
system by subsidence.
o It is essential that the equipments/instruments are properly calibrated at the
commencement of the work so that they represent true values and submit the test reports
to the Engineer-In-Charge / Client.
o If the Engineer-In-Charge / Client so desires, arrange to have the instruments tested in
presence of the Engineer-In-Charge / Client at an approved laboratory at the contractor’s
cost and submit the test reports to the Engineer-In-Charge / Client.
o When blasting with explosives is involved, arrange for statutory clearances and also the
portable magazine for storing/carrying the explosives.
o Take responsibility for all logistics involved with any investigation activities including
personnel transport, storage, equipment movements and supplies.
o Uniformity of substrata may permit the elimination of some investigations. Non-
uniformity of substrata may warrant the addition or relocation of investigations.
4.7 Contractor may propose modifications to program to maximize its engineering value to
the project prior to the commencement of investigations.
4.8 If during performance of the fieldwork, prevailing geotechnical conditions indicate that
the proposed work requires modification, Contractor to recommend such modification
necessary to provide the data required for construction.
4.9 Submit such recommendations to the Engineer-In-Charge / Client for technical and
commercial approval prior to the commencement of the revised scope.
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4.10 Place particular emphasis on:
The number of boreholes, depths and locations

The number and types of samples, tests etc taken in boreholes and trial pits
An estimate of the time and costs required to complete the geotechnical Investigation.
Any change of the investigation program requires prior written approval by the Engineer-
In-Charge / Client.
Perform all investigation works with modern and fully functional equipment.
Take all precautions against environmental damage. Leaking oil, fuel and hydraulic pipes
to be repaired immediately in order to prevent environmental pollution.
The Engineer-In-Charge / Client reserve the right to intervene if the work is progressing
unsatisfactorily or in an unsafe manner. The Engineer-In-Charge / Client can refuse the
deployment of equipment if it does not meet the requested technical standards. The
Contractor shall replace defective equipment as soon as possible and also make up for the
lost time.
4.11 Photo Documentation
o Take colour photos from all recovered core samples.
o Label each photo (minimum camera resolution 6 megapixel – photos in best quality)
indicating the title of the drilling and sample, a scale, a colour bar, and depth of the
sample at each side of the core box.
o Take the photos vertically down on the samples to avoid distortion
o Carefully choose the light conditions to avoid over- / underexposure or shadow
Submit the photos in hard copy and digital format (.jpg) on CD.
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5.0 Visits to Site
5.1 The Tenderer shall visit the site after obtaining necessary permissions from the Engineer-
In-Charge / Client to ascertain the site local conditions, labour rules, traffic conditions
and obstructions in the area. He shall allow for any extras likely to be incurred due to all
such conditions in his quoted price. No claim will be entertained from the Contractor on
any such account under any circumstances whatsoever.
6.0 Safety
6.1 The Contractor shall take adequate safety precautions to ensure complete safety and
prevention of accidents at site and shall be entirely responsible for the same. A safety
plan shall be prepared by the Contractor covering all major steps and preventive
measures undertaken by the Contractor.
6.2 The safety precautions shall conform to the ‘Safety Regulations’ prescribed by the
relevant Codes and Standards of Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS). The Contractor shall
also abide by the safety regulations of the Engineer-in-Charge / Client and other
directions given by the Engineer-in-Charge / Client from time to time.
6.3 All the necessary safety appliances shall be issued to the workers and their use explained.
It shall be ensured that the workers are using all the safety appliances as listed below
while at work.
i. Safety devices like industrial Safety helmets, shoes, special attire and etc conforming
to the accepted / approved standards to workmen entering into dismantling site.
ii. Goggles preferably made of celluloid lens to workmen employed on demolition of
walls, floors, etc to protect eyes from flying pieces dirt, dust etc.
iii. Safety belts, or ropes or fall arrestor to workmen when working at higher levels
iv. Protected walkways and passageways should be provided for the use of workers and
others.
6.4 When blasting with explosives is involved, agency/contractor shall arrange statutory
clearances and also the portable magazine for storing/carrying the explosives.
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6.5 All handling equipment shall have “FITNESS CERTIFICATE” with required validity for
any time inspection. All tools & tackles to be used by the Contractor shall be of approved
make and their “TEST CERTIFICATE” / CALIBRATION CERTIFICATE from an
approved / accredited laboratory shall be available at site.
6.6 All apparatus and equipments are to be properly calibrated and certified by an approved /
accredited laboratory. It is essential that the equipments/instruments are properly
calibrated at the commencement of the work so that they represent true values and submit
the test reports to the Engineer-In-Charge / Client. If the Engineer-In-Charge / Client so
desires, the contractor shall arrange for having the instruments tested in presence of the
Engineer-In-Charge / Client at an approved laboratory at the contractor’s cost and the test
reports shall be submitted to the Engineer-In-Charge / Client.
7.0 Field Investigation
7.1 Bore Holes, Boring, SPT and Sampling in Soil
7.2 Bore Holes, Drilling, SPT and Sampling in Rock
7.3 Trial / Test pit
7.4 Field (In-Situ) Vane Shear Strength Test (FVST)
7.5 Ground Water Measurements in Soils and Rocks
7.6 Field California Bearing Ratio (CBR)
7.7 Static Cone Penetration Test or (SCPT)
7.8 Electrical Resistivity Test (ERT)
7.9 Dynamic Properties of Soil and Rock
Cyclic Plate Load Test (CPLT) for large strain shear modulus determination
7.1 Bore Holes, Boring, SPT and Sampling in Soil

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Bore holes shall be drilled at specified locations to obtain information about the sub-soil
profile, its nature, strength and to collect soil samples for strata identification and
conducting laboratory tests. The minimum diameter of the bore hole that is boring shall
be 150 mm and boring shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of IS: 1892
and as per this specification. Tenderer who do not have boring equipments for 150
mm diameter or more shall not quote. Casing pipe, if used, to be 150mm above bottom
of bore hole at all times. All bore holes shall extend up to the depths shown on the
construction drawings or as directed by the Engineer-In-Charge / Client.
7.1.1 Criteria to determine if rock has been met with:
If the strata with standard penetration test (SPT) ‘N’ value greater than one hundred (100)
with characteristics of rock is met, attempt shall be made to advance boring by chiseling
to a depth of two hundred (200) mm or up to two (2) hours to establish presence of rock,
and after this, rock drilling procedure shall be adopted.
If rock is met with at an earlier depth, continue for a further depth of 1.5m to establish
continuity of rock strata and stop. But, if so specified in the drawing, continue drilling to
the specified depth.
During chiselling rock fragments / rock cores shall be collected. Identification of rock
strata shall be on the basis of visual examination of SPT sample and rock fragments.
After it is established that rock is met with, the borehole shall be advanced further by
drilling in rock cores shall be collected.
SPT shall be performed when core recovery is < 20%. When the bore hole is terminated
in soil strata, an additional standard penetration test shall be carried out at the termination
depth.
7.1.2 Casing pipe
Casing pipe shall be used in the borehole to support its sides when side fall is suspected
to occur inside the borehole. When casing pipe is used, it shall be ensured that its bottom
end is at all times 150 mm above the bottom of the bore hole. In case of cohesion less
soils, the advancement of the casing pipe shall be such that it does not disturb the soil to
be tested or sampled. The casing shall be advanced by slowly turning the casing pipe and
not by driving.
7.1.3 In-situ tests and undisturbed samples (UDS)
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In-situ tests and collection of undisturbed samples (UDS) shall be carried out at regular
intervals and at change of strata or as decided by the Engineer-In-Charge / Client.
Representative disturbed and undisturbed samples shall be preserved for conducting
various tests in the laboratory. Water table in the borehole shall be carefully recorded and
reported. No water / drilling mud shall be added while boring above ground water table.
For cohesion less soil below water table, the water level in the borehole shall all times be
maintained at slightly above the water table.
7.1.4 Bore Hole Cleaning
The bore hole shall be cleaned using suitable tools up to the depth of testing or sampling
ensuring that there is minimum disturbance of soil at the bottom of the bore hole. The
process of jetting through an open tube sampler shall not be permitted. In cohesive soils,
the borehole may be cleaned using a bailer with a flap valve. Gentle circulation of drilling
fluid shall be done when rotary mud circulation boring is adopted.
7.1.5 Types of Boring
The types of Boring permitted are Auger Boring, Shell & Auger Boring, Rotary Mud
Circulation Drilling and Percussion Drilling. On completion of the borehole, the portion
drilled in soil shall be backfilled with sand unless otherwise directed by the Engineer-In-
Charge / Client.
In the absence of casing, the sides of the holes should be stabilized with drilling fluid
consisting of drilling mud. As the formation hardens, rotary drills, using churning bits
may be utilized. In gravelly materials, percussion drilling, with simultaneous advance of
casing is the only easy method of advance. In hard and cemented formation like rock, the
hole is advanced with cutting edges using steel shots, hardened metal bits, tungsten
carbide or diamond bits. In sandy soils, bentonite slurry in the bore hole should be
maintained at a level of 1 to 1.5 m above the level of water table.
Wash boring shall not be adopted for boring. Water jetting shall not be used during
boring.
7.1.5.1 Auger Boring
Auger boring can be adopted in soft to stiff cohesive soils above water table which can
stand unsupported. Augers shall be of helical or posthole type which may be manually
or power operated. Auger may also be used with lining tubes, if required. While boring
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care shall be taken to minimize the disturbance to the deposits below the bottom of the
borehole. The cuttings brought up by the auger shall be carefully examined in the field
and the description of all the strata shall be duly recorded in the field bore log as per
IS: 1498. No water shall be used while auger boring.
7.1.5.2 Shell and Auger Boring

Shell and Auger boring can be used in all types of soil except in boulders. The water
level in the bore hole shall always be maintained at or above the ground water level for
cohesion less soil below ground water table. The casing may be used. The use of chisel
bit shall be permitted in hard strata with SPT-N value greater than 100. To extend the
borehole through local obstruction such as old construction, boulders, rocky
formations etc, chisel bits may also be used by attaching to the boring rods. All other
requirements in Auger boring shall apply for this type of boring also.
7.1.5.3 Rotary Boring

Mud-rotary drilling– In this system, boring is effected by the cutting action of a
rotating bit which should be kept in firm contact with the bottom of the hole. The bit is
carried at the end of hollow, jointed drill rods which are rotated by a suitable chuck. A
mud-laden fluid or grout is pumped continuously down the hollow drill rods and the
fluid returns to the surface in the annular space between the rods and the side of the
hole, and so the protective casing may not be generally necessary. In this method,
cores may be obtained by the use coring tools.
a) Simplified mud-boring method – In this method, the boring is advanced by a

cutter fixed to drill rods which are rotating by means of pipe wrench. Bentonite is
pushed simultaneously by a double piston pump. The slurry flowing out of cutter
bottom, mixes up with the cut soil and flows to the bore hole surface, settling tank
and back to the slurry tank. The drilling tool is lowered slowly with the help of
manually operated winch fixed on a tripod. After the boring is advanced up to the
desired depth, pumping of the slurry should be continued for 10 to 15 minutes. In
case gravel and kunkur are encountered, a gravel trap fitted with stays around the
drill rod, a little above the cutter, shall be used. The trap consists of 80 to 100 cm
long hollow cylinder having a conical shape at bottom. Holes of 3 mm diameter
shall also be drilled in the drill rod within the trap as well as in the conical portion
of the trap. During boring, gravel and kunkur rise a little and then settle into the
trap. The broken pieces can subsequently be removed by means of the gravel trap.
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7.1.5.4 Percussion Drilling:
This method can be adopted in soil with gravel and boulders when the boring has to be
done at a faster rate. This method consists of breaking of the strata by repeated blows
from a chisel or drilling bit. The debris is bailed out at regular intervals by adding
water at the time of boring into the bore hole.
In soils, the material tends to become disturbed by the action of this method of boring
and for this reason, the sample may not be as reliable as by the shell and auger method.
The bit may be suspended by a cable or rods from a walking beam. Where the boring
is in soil or into soft rocks and provided that a sampler can be driven into them, cores
may be obtained at intervals using suitable tools. This method shall not be adopted
unless otherwise specified or permitted by the Engineer-In-Charge / Client.
7.1.6 Standard Penetration Test (SPT)
7.1.6.1 This test shall be conducted in all types of soil deposits met within the bore hole to
find the variation in the soil stratification by correlating with the number of blows
required for unit penetration of a standard penetrometer. This test shall be conducted at
3m intervals, at every change of strata, at depths wherever undisturbed soil samples
could not be collected and as per the directions of the Engineer-In-Charge / Client. The
starting depth of performing SPT shall be either one (1) m or two and-a- half (2.5) m
depth below ground level. This depth shall be staggered in alternate boreholes. That is,
if SPT performed in the starting Bore Hole is at 1.0 m, the depth of the SPT in the
staggered alternate bore holes in both directions shall be at 2.5m. The depth interval
between the top level of standard penetration test and to that of (next) undisturbed
sampling shall not be less than 1m or at every change in stratum. The specification for
equipments and other accessories, procedure for conducting the test, presentation of test
results and collection of disturbed soil samples etc shall conform to IS: 2131.
7.1.6.2 This Standard Penetration Test (SPT) shall be carried out by driving a standard split
spoon sampler in the borehole by means of a 650 N hammer having a free fall of
0.75m. It shall be ensured that the energy of the falling weight is not reduced by friction
between the drive weight and the guides or between rope and winch drum. The rods to
which the sampler is attached for driving should be straight, tightly coupled and straight
in alignment. For driving the casing, a hammer heavier than 650 N may be used.
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7.1.6.3 The entire sampler may sometimes sink under its own weight when very soft sub-soil
stratum is encountered. Under such conditions, it may not be necessary to give any
blow to the split spoon sampler and SPT value should be indicated as zero (0).
7.1.6.4 The sampler shall be driven using the hammer for 450 mm penetration. While driving,
the number of blows for every 150 mm penetration and the penetration for every 50
blows shall be recorded. The first 15 cm of drive may be considered to be seating
drive.
7.1.6.5 The total blows required for the second and third 15 cm (that is the last 300 mm drive)
of penetration shall be termed the penetration resistance N; and this is reported as
uncorrected ‘N’ value.
7.1.6.6 This test shall be discontinued when the blow count is equal to 100 and the penetration
shall be recorded. Refusal shall be considered to be met with when the blow count is
equal to 100. At the location where the test is discontinued, the penetration and the
corresponding number of blows shall be reported.
7.1.6.7 The values of Standard Penetration Test (SPT) after applying necessary correction as
per Cl. 7.1.7 shall also be reported.
7.1.7 Corrections
a) Corrections Due to Overburden - The N value for cohesion less soil shall be
corrected for overburden as per Figure – 1 and Cl. 3.6.1 of IS: 2131 (N’).
b) Corrections Due to Dilatancy - The value obtained from the above shall be
corrected for dilatancy if the stratum consists of fine sand and silt below water
table for values of N’ greater than 15 as per Cl. 3.6.2 of IS: 2131 (N’’).
7.1.8 Sampling
7.1.8.1 General: Sampling shall cause minimum disturbance to bottom of borehole. Obtain
alternately undisturbed and disturbed samples at every 1.5m intervals and at every
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significant change of stratum. Sufficient numbers of samples are to be collected for

immediate testing as well as preservation for about 3 months after submission of final
report. Refer also Clause C) given below regarding collection of samples.
7.1.8.2 Sampling is to cover all ground layers / types encountered in the course of the field
investigation. It shall be ensured that the proposed amount of samples is sufficient to
execute all proposed laboratory tests. If the proposed amount of samples is not
sufficient, the Contractor shall propose an increase of the samples. The change in
number of the samples is to be approved by the Engineer-In-Charge / Client. Also
remember that the total number of samples shall be large enough so that retention
samples will be still available after completion of laboratory testing. Retained samples
shall be preserved for about 3 months after submission of final report.
7.1.9 Sampling Procedure
7.1.9.1 Driving the Casing - Where casing is used, it shall not be driven below the level at
which the test is to be made or soil sample is to be taken. In the case of cohesion less
soils which cannot stand without casing, the advancement of the casing pipe should be
such that it does not disturb the soil to be tested or sampled; the casing shall preferably
be advanced by slowly turning the casing rather than by driving as the vibration caused
by driving may alter the density of such deposits immediately below the bottom of the
borehole.
7.1.9.2 Sufficient number of soil samples shall be collected for reliable estimation of soil
properties. The samples collected shall be either disturbed or undisturbed. Disturbed
soil samples shall be collected for field identification and conducting laboratory tests
such as sieve analysis, index properties, specific gravity, chemical analysis etc.
Undisturbed samples shall be collected to estimate physical, strength and settlement
properties of the soil.
7.1.9.3 All the accessories required for sampling and the method of sampling shall conform to
IS: 2132. All disturbed and undisturbed samples collected in the field shall be classified
at site as per IS: 1498.
7.1.9.4 All the samples shall be identified with date, bore hole or trial pit number, depth of
sampling etc. It is also essential to mark an arrow pointing towards the top surface of
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the undisturbed sample as the soil was in-situ. Care shall be taken to keep the
undisturbed soil samples and box samples vertically with the arrow directing upwards.
The tube samples shall be properly trimmed at both ends and suitably sealed with
molten paraffin wax at both ends immediately after extracting the samples from the
bore hole / trial pit / plate load test pit and suitably capped on both sides.
7.1.9.5 When the contractor fails to collect undisturbed soil sample at a specified depth, the
borehole shall be advanced by half-a-metre (0.50m) and shall be performed with a
standard penetration test. The reason for not obtaining the undisturbed soil sample shall
be indicated in the bore log.
7.1.9.6 Precaution shall be taken to ensure that there shall not be any change in moisture
content and disturbance of the soil samples and they shall be placed in a temporary
store at the end of the day's work. All the samples shall be kept over a bed of sand, jute
bags, saw dust etc and covered over the top with similar material. The bed and top
cover shall be kept moist till they are properly packed in wooden boxes. The contractor
shall be responsible for packing and transporting of all the samples from site to the
laboratory within seven days after sampling with proper protection against loss and
damage.
7.1.9.7 All the samples shall be suitably packed in wooden boxes using sand, saw dust etc all
around the samples before transporting to the laboratory for testing.
7.1.10 Relaxation during Sampling
Thin walled sampler shall be used to collect UDS by pushing the tube into the soil.
Driving of sampler shall be resorted to only when it cannot be pushed into the soil. This
shall be done only with the permission of the Engineer-In-Charge / Client and all the
details about the same shall be recorded in the bore logs.
Whenever no undisturbed samples can be extracted, the Contractor shall immediately

inform the Engineer-In-Charge / Client. In such a case payment for boring charges shall
be subject to the Engineer-In-Charge / Client being satisfied that adequate effort has
been made to extract undisturbed samples.
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Un-Disturbed Samples shall be collected from bore holes by the open drive thin walled
tube sampler at every 1.5 metre depth intervals or at every change of stratum whichever
is earlier.
Undisturbed samples shall be taken in cohesive material or weak

cemented granular material where possible at 1.5 meter intervals and at changes of
strata. Samples shall be sealed and labeled so that no changes in water content or soil
structure occur. Cores of cemented material shall be packed in core boxes immediately
on removal from the core barrel.
7.1.11 Un-Disturbed Samples (UDS):
The sampling tube shall have a smooth finish on both surfaces and minimum effective
length of 450mm. Undisturbed samples shall be of 100mm diameter and 450mm
length. Samples shall be collected in such a manner that the structure of soil and its
moisture content do not get altered The area ratio of sampling tubes shall be less than
12.5%. However in case of very stiff soils, area ratio up to 20% shall be permitted.
7.1.11.1 Undisturbed Sampling in Cohesive Soil
Undisturbed samples in soft to stiff cohesive soils shall be obtained using a thin walled
sampler. In order to reduce wall friction, suitable precautions such as oiling the surfaces
shall be taken. The bore hole shall be cleaned and the depth of sampling below ground
level shall be noted. The sampler shall then be attached to the bottom of boring rods
and lowered into the borehole. The sampler shall be pushed into the clay layer by hand
or by jacking and soil sample of specified length shall be collected without disturbing
the soil. The distance by which the sampler penetrates into the soil strata shall be
checked. Care shall be taken to ensure that the sampler is not driven too far as this will
compress the soil. The sampler shall be rotated to break the core at bottom of the
sampler and then steadily drawn up.
a) Undisturbed Sampling Using Piston Sampler
Undisturbed samples in very loose saturated sandy & silty soils and very soft clays shall
be obtained by using a piston sampler consisting of a sampling cylinder and piston
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system. In soft clays and silty clays with water standing in the casing pipe, piston sampler
shall be used to collect undisturbed samples. During this method of sampling expert
supervision is called for. If an obstruction is met, the sampler shall be withdrawn and
another sample be taken after the obstruction is removed.
7.1.11.2 Undisturbed Sampling in Cohesion less Soil
Undisturbed samples in cohesion less soils shall be obtained as per the procedure given
in IS: 8763. Compressed air sampler shall be used to take the samples of cohesion less
soil below water table. Precautions shall be taken to clean the borehole before
sampling. Thin walled tube samplers of sixty (60) mm internal diameter shall be used.
The height and other dimensions of the sampler shall be recorded before use. Proper
care shall be taken to maintain the water level in the bore hole slightly above the
ground water table before and during sampling operations.
Immediately after the sample is obtained, the ends of the sample are trimmed, shall be
waxed and capped to avoid moisture content changes. They shall be packed in wooden
boxes carefully so that no disturbances take place during Handling / transportation.
They shall be transported to the laboratory within 7 days.
7.1.11.3 Undisturbed Sampling in Cemented Sands
Slow rotary technique using core barrels may be used to obtain undisturbed cores in
cemented sand. If necessary, drilling fluid may be used during advancement for
stabilization of the hole.
7.1.11.4 Labeling
Name of the project
Bore Hole / Trial Pit Number / Plate Load Test Pit Number
Sample Number:
Depth
Mark the top of sample
Date
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7.1.12 Disturbed Samples (DS):
Disturbed Samples shall be collected at every 1.5 metre depth intervals or at every
change of stratum from borehole cores, trial pits, plate load test pits, cutting shoe of
thin walled sampler & SPT split spoon samplers. Samples shall provide complete
description of soil profile and its variation. A minimum of 0.4kg of sample shall be
collected. Collected Disturbed Samples shall be visually classified, labeled, recorded,
stored in for laboratory testing, future identification, preservation and shall be
immediately contained in clean, airtight containers /polythene bags in accordance with
IS: 1892 and IS: 2132. The polythene bags shall be sealed properly and shall be kept in
wooden boxes.
In elevated areas, if superficial material is available in plenty, then bulk samples from a
depth of about 0.5m below ground level shall be collected to establish all required
properties to use it as a fill material.
The labels shall contain the details listed under the heading the Label given below:
7.1.12.1 Label
Name of the project

Bore Hole / Trial Pit Number / Plate Load Test Pit Number
Sample Number:
Depth
Date
7.1.13 Photo Documentation of Samples:
Take colour photos from all recovered core samples, representative rock cores,
trial pits, plate load test pit
Label each photo (minimum camera resolution 8 megapixel – photos in best
quality) indicating the title of the drilling and sample, a scale, a colour bar, and
depth of the sample at each side of the core box.
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Take the photos vertically down on the samples to avoid distortion

Carefully choose the light conditions to avoid over / under exposure or shadow
Submit the photos in hard copy and digital format (.jpg) on pen drive.
The data obtained shall be prepared in a final form as a soil profile to show the nature and
extent of the soil strata over the area under consideration.
7.1.14 Contractor’s other requirements
The Engineer-In-Charge / Client reserve the right to intervene if the work is progressing
unsatisfactorily or in an unsafe manner. The Engineer-In-Charge / Client can refuse the
deployment of equipment if it does not meet the requested technical standards. The
Contractor shall replace defective equipment as soon as possible and also make up for
the lost time to maintain the schedule. The Contractor shall identify reasons if progress
in the field work is slower than originally planned, and steps shall be taken to make up
the lost time. Additional equipments shall be mobilized if necessary as per the
directions of the Engineer-In-Charge / Client to match the work schedule.
All investigation works shall be performed with modern and fully functional
equipment. All precautions shall be taken against environmental damage like leaking
oil, fuel or hydraulic pipes. They shall be repaired immediately in order to prevent
environmental pollution.
The Contractor shall ensure that all the equipment/instruments are properly calibrated,
at the start of the work, to reflect factual values. If so demanded by the Engineer-In-
Charge / Client, have the instruments tested at an approved laboratory at no extra cost
and the test reports submitted to the Engineer-In-Charge / Client.
7.2 Bore Holes, Drilling, SPT and Sampling in Rock
7.2.1 Rock Drilling: The following codes are applicable for rock drilling.
IS: 5313 Guide for core drilling observations
IS: 6926 Code of practice for diamond core drilling for site investigation of river valley
projects
IS: 4078 Code of practice for indexing and storage of drill cores
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IS: 4464 Code of practice for presentation of drilling information and core description in
foundation investigation
7.2.2 Drilling in rock shall be done at specified locations or as per the directions of the
Engineer-In-Charge / Client. Before commencing drilling, it shall be proved that
characteristics of rock have been met with as mentioned in Cl. 8.2. The starting depth of
drilling in rock as mentioned in Cl. 8.2.1 and 8.2.2 shall be certified by the Engineer-In-
Charge / Client. For detailed step-by-step rock drilling procedure refer Cl. 9.2
7.2.3 Equipment:
The rotary core drilling equipment and procedure for drilling shall conform to IS: 6926. It
shall be ensured that rock has been met with (by chiseling, as mentioned before) before
starting to drill. By rotary motion using Nx size bit, rock shall be drilled. Tungsten
carbide drill bit shall be used as far as possible. When progress of drilling with tungsten
carbide bit is less than 150mm/hr, Nx sized diamond tipped drill bit or impregnated
diamond bits shall be used depending on the type of rock encountered. To minimise the
erosive action of the drilling fluid on the core and thereby to improve core recovery,
double tube core barrels should be used. The casing and core barrel to be used shall be of
designation BX or NX. The equipment shall have necessary facilities to regulate the
spindle speed, bit pressure and water pressure during core drilling to get a good core
recovery as per Apendix A of IS: 6926.
7.2.4 Core Drilling:
Core drills shall be so designed that in sound rock, continuous recovery of core is
achieved. It is important to ensure that boulders or layers of cemented soils are not
mistaken for bed rock. This necessitates core drilling to a depth of at least 3 m in bed
rock in areas where boulders are known to occur. For shear strength determination, a core
with diameter to height ratio of 1: 1 is required. Rock pieces shall be used for
determination of specific gravity and classification.
7.2.5 Core Recovery
Double tube swivel barrel core barrel of Type B shall be used to maximize core recovery.
Suitable core catchers shall be used to pick up cores from all layers of rock and to ensure
continuous and good core recovery, with least disturbance avoiding shearing of core.
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Entire length of cores recovered shall be packed, labeled, and preserved in wooden boxes.
Drill run is normally limited to 750mm. It can be increased to 1.5m when core recovery is
> 80% in two consecutive runs. When core recovery is < 20%, SPT shall be performed.
In zones which are highly fractured or where the barrel continuously becomes blocked, it
is essential that short runs be used even though this means removal of the entire string of
drilling tools every 300 mm. or less.
7.2.6 Drilling Procedure in Rock
Rotary core drilling technique with continuous core recovery should be adopted for
drilling through rock. The behaviour of rock mass is governed more significantly by the
nature of fractures in the rock than by the type and hardness of the material composing
the rock itself. Hence, good drilling technique should be adopted to obtain an intact
sample truly representative of the in-situ material and for achieving highest percentage of
recovery possible.
a) The drilling fluid shall be clean water. Circulation of drilling fluid shall be started
before the core barrel reaches the bottom of the hole to prevent cuttings or sludge
from entering the core barrel at the start of coring. Drilling fluid shall be circulated
continuously down the hollow rods and the sludge conveying the rock cuttings to the
surface shall be collected.
b) When drilling through soft/weathered/fractured rock, water circulation must be

reduced so as to avoid shattering/breaking of core.
c) The rotational speed of the bit (spindle speed), the amount of downward pressure
applied on the bit (bit pressure) and water pressure shall be suitably adjusted and
properly monitored so that the core is collected with least disturbance and to avoid
shearing of the core from its base. Bit speed, bit pressure, water pressure for the type
of bit for various rock types shall be as per Appendix A of IS: 6926.
d) No drill run shall exceed 0.75m in length. This can be increased to1.5m provided the
core recovery observed is more than 80% in two successive 0.75m drill runs and on
approval from the Engineer-In-Charge / Client. If the core recovery is less than 20%,
SPT shall be performed before commencing the next drill run as explained in clause
6.2.
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e) If at any time blocking of the bit or grinding of the core is observed, the core barrel
shall be immediately withdrawn from the borehole regardless of the length of drill
run completed.
7.2.7 Rock Samples Recovery
− Extract sample applying continuous pressure at one end of core, holding barrel
horizontally
− Extract friable cores from the barrel directly into a suitable half round plastic channel
− Transfer Core Boxes of seasoned timber as per IS: 4078
− Follow IS: 4464 to describe core samples
− When no core is recovered, record as specified in the continuous record of core recovery
and RQD in the core log as per IS:11315 Part II
7.2.8 Drilling termination
− The drilling operation shall be terminated either three (3) metres in hard rock or 95% of
core recovery whichever is later.
7.2.9 Backfill
− The portion drilled in rock shall be backfilled with 1part of cement: 3 part of sand (1:3)
grout unless otherwise directed by the Engineer-In-Charge / Client.
7.2.10 Observations
a) The colour of return water at regular intervals, the depth at which any change of
colour of return water is observed, the depth of occurrence and amount of flow of hot
water if encountered shall be recorded.
b) The depths through which a uniform rate of penetration was maintained, the depth at
which a marked change in rate of penetration or sudden fall of drill rod occurs, the
depth at which any blockage of drill bit causing core loss if any etc shall be recorded.
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c) Any heavy vibration or torque noticed during drilling should be recorded together
with the depth of occurrence.
d) Special conditions like the depth at which grouting was done during drilling, presence
of artesian conditions, loss of drilling fluid, observation of gas discharge with return
water etc shall also be observed and recorded.
e) During drilling operation, observation on return water, rate of penetration etc shall be
recorded in a pro-forma as given in IS: 5313, Appendix-A.
7.2.11 Records
The following shall be recorded from the observations made

− Rock name
− Degree of weathering
− Discontinuity spacing
− Strength
− Color
− Grain size
− Structural condition
− Mineralogy of grains and cementing material
− Joint plane,
− Features / lamination
− Faults, etc
7.2.12 Tests on Rock Samples
The following tests shall be conducted on the collected rock samples and recorded:
− Visual classification
− Water absorption, porosity and density
− Specific gravity
− Hardness
− Slake durability
− Unconfined compression test (both at saturated and at in-situ water content)
− Point load strength index
− Deformability test (both on saturated and dry samples)
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− unconfined compression tests in samples of rock from various depths

− Poisson’s ratio in rock
7.3 Trial / Test pit
7.3.1 The method of exploring by open Trial Pits consists of excavating trial pits at the site and
thereby exposing the subsoil surface thoroughly, enabling undisturbed samples to be
taken as per IS: 1892 and IS: 4453. Trial pits shall be of 3m x 3m size so as to permit
easy access for visual examination of walls of the pit and to facilitate sampling and in-
situ testing operations. Pits shall be excavated up to a maximum depth of 4m below
ground level or as per the directions of the Engineer-In-Charge / Client. The pit shall be
secured against accidental fall by providing barriers, protective measures and lighting
necessary for the period the pits remain open as per IS: 3764. Precautions shall be taken
to ensure the stability of pit walls including provision of shoring if necessary as per IS:
4453. Precautions shall be taken to prevent surface water draining into the pit.
Arrangements shall be made for dewatering if the bottom of the pit extends below water
table. Trial pits shall be kept dry and a ladder shall be provided for easy approach to the
bottom of the pit.
7.3.2 In-situ tests such as Vane shear test shall be conducted in strata like clay at the obligatory
depths as specified in Cl. 7.5. Undisturbed samples shall be collected immediately on
reaching the depths at 1m, 2m, and 3m and at the termination depths so as to avoid
substantial changes in moisture content of the subsoil. The best procedure is to obtain
samples from trial pits dug after the ground water has been lowered by means of wells or
sumps with suitable filter linings. The undisturbed samples may be obtained by means of
100mm diameter sampling tubes with a cutting edge. This is done by driving sharp-edged
thin-wall tubes into the ground by gently hammering or pressure. The chunk samples
shall be cut and trimmed to a size of 0.3m x 0.3m x 0.3m. A square area of 0.35m x
0.35m shall be marked at the centre of the levelled surface at the bottom of the pit.
Without disturbing the soil inside the marked area, the soil around this marking shall be
carefully removed up to a depth of 0.35m. The four vertical faces of the soil block
protruding at the centre shall be trimmed slowly so that its size reduces to 0.3m x
0.3m.Wrap the chunk samples with plastic cloth, plastic paper (polythene film) or a
waxed paper painted on the outside with molten wax. Two additional layers of cloth and
wax are required to perfectly seal the sample. The contractor shall be responsible for
packing and transporting of all the samples from site to the laboratory as per Cl. 7.1.9.6.
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7.3.3 In case it is not possible to collect undisturbed samples in the pit, in-situ density of soil
shall be determined by sand replacement method. The specification, equipments,
accessories etc required for the test and the procedure of testing shall be in accordance
with IS: 2720, Part-XXVIII. No separate payment shall be made for this test.
7.3.4 The following information should be furnished for Trial Pits:
a) Agency;
b) Location with map and plan reference;
c) Pit number;
d) Reduced level (RL) of ground surface or other reference point;
e) Plans and sections, drawn to the largest convenient scale;
f) Dates, started and completed;
g) Supervision;
h) Scales of plans and sections;
i) Dimensions, types of sheeting and other materials of stabilization, method of advancing
the exploration, such as by hand tools, blasting, boring, etc;
j) General description of strata met with;
k) The patchy ground where the soil lies in pockets if any shall be indicated.
l) Position and attitude of contacts, faults, strong joints, slicken-sides, etc;
m) Inflow of water, methods of controlling the water, required capacity of pumps;
n) The level at which the subsoil water table is met with;
o) Dip and strike of bedding, and of cleavage;
p) The possible depth of open excavations or vertical cuts that can be carried out without
shoring and
q) Any other information and remarks.
7.3.5 After completion of all works, the Trial Pits (TP) shall be back filled and compacted as
directed by the Engineer-In-Charge / Client.
7.3.6 In case the contractor is unable to do Trial / Test pit at site due to site condition the client
/ consultant shall be informed immediately for taking appropriately decision regarding
alternative test.
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7.4 The Field Vane Shear Test (FVST)
7.4.1 The Field Vane Shear Test (FVST) shall be carried out as per IS: 4434 in Bore Holes,
Trial Pits or (Cyclic) Plate Load Test pit, The vane shear test is a non-empirical method
of measuring the shear strength of soft clay in-situ at all depths from the surface to at
least 30 m. The vane shear test is most appropriate for the determination of the shear
strength of saturated clays, (‘soft’ to ‘medium’ consistency), and sensitive soils (highly
susceptible to sampling disturbances) at 1.5m intervals depth.
7.4.2 The test consists of inserting a four-blade metal vane of cruciform shape, into the soil,
and rotating it until the soil fails in shear. The vane is rotated at a rate of 6 degrees per
minute. The torque required to rotate the vane is measured. The test is performed rapidly
and therefore measures only the un-drained strength of soils.
7.4.3 The vane shear test shall be conducted in two stages. In the first stage, test shall be
performed in undisturbed soil and in the second stage the test shall be performed on the
remoulded soil as per IS: 4434. The results of the vane shear test shall be submitted with
the computed value for shear strength of soil.
7.4.4 If there is any obstruction at the bottom of borehole or pit that does not permit the
performance of this test, it shall be performed at a depth where obstructions due to the
presence of gravel, sand, shells, decomposed wood and etc cease to occur.
7.4.5 Following records shall be made during the test:

(i) Name of Project
(ii) Bore-hole No. or Pit No., Date, Location, etc.
(iii) Reference elevation or Ground elevation:
(iv) Method of making the hole (Cased or uncased)
(v) Level of water in the bore-hole or Pit
(vi) Level of ground water at the time of test:
(vii) Driving resistance, if observed
(viii) Size of the vane
(ix) Conversion factor of the torque measuring equipment, etc.
7.5 Ground Water Measurements & Samples in Soils and Rocks
One of the following methods shall be adopted for determining the ground water table in
bore holes as per IS: 6935 and as per the instructions of the Engineer-In-Charge / Client.
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a) In permeable soils, the water level in borehole shall be allowed to stabilize after lowering
it adequately by bailing. When water level inside the borehole is found to be stable, the
depth of water level below ground level shall be measured. Stability of sides and bottom
of the borehole shall be ensured at all times.
b) For both permeable and impermeable soils, the following method shall be suitable. The
borehole shall be filled with water and then bailed out to various depths. Observation on
the rise or fall of water level shall be made at each depth. The level at which neither a fall
nor a rise is observed shall be considered as the water table elevation. This shall be
established by three successive readings of water level taken at an interval of two hours.
c) In case any variation in the ground water level is observed in any specific boreholes then
the water level in these bore holes shall be recorded daily during the course of field
investigation. Levels in nearby wells, streams, water courses etc if any shall also be noted
whenever these readings are taken. If there is fluctuation in ground water levels and
pressure, the same shall be reported with daily water level readings to the Engineer-In-
Charge / Client. Wells either at the site or in the vicinity give useful indications of the
ground-water conditions. Flood marks of rivers may indicate former highest water levels.
Tidal fluctuations may be of importance. There is also a possibility of several water
tables at different levels, separated by impermeable strata.
d) On .sites liable to be water-logged in wet weather, it is desirable to determine the

fluctuation of the water table in order to ascertain the directions of the natural drainage,
and to obtain a clue to the design of intercepting drains to prevent the influx of ground
water on to the site from higher ground. The seasonal variation in the level of water table
should also be noted.
e) The minimum and maximum ground-water levels should be obtained from local sources
and wells in the area would also give useful information in this regard. The formation of
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perched ground-water tables caused by impervious strata which prevent the water from
seeping down to the main body of ground water is to be studied.
f) Information with regard to water table, elevations at which the drilling water was lost or
elevations at which water under excess pressure was encountered shall be recorded on the
field logs. Water levels before and after putting the casing, where used, shall be
measured. In sands, the level shall be determined as the casing is pulled and then
measured at least 30 minutes after the casing is pulled; in silts, at least 24 hours after the
casing is pulled; in clays, no accurate water level determination is possible unless
pervious seams are present. However, the 24 hours level shall be recorded for clays.
When drilling mud is used and the water level is desired, casing perforated at the lower
end shall be lowered into the borehole and the borehole bailed down. Ground water levels
shall be determined after bailing at time intervals of 30 minutes and 24 hours until all
traces of drilling mud are removed from inside the casing.
7.5.1 Sub-Soil Water Samples
a) Sub-soil water samples shall be collected for carrying out chemical analysis.
Representative samples of ground water shall be collected when it is first encountered in
boreholes before the addition of water to aid boring or drilling. Water samples shall not
be collected when bentonite slurry or mud has been used for drilling operations. For the
purpose of chemical analysis about 5 litres of water should be collected from as near the
bottom of the bore hole or trial pit as possible and not from the top. If water has been
added for drilling purposes or if ground water has been diluted by surface rain water then
the bore hole shall be dewatered and water be allowed to rise from which the sample may
be taken.
b) The sampling apparatus shall be such that the water at the desired depth can be collected
directly without any disturbance and any change in concentration of constituents like
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dissolved gases etc. Undue agitation shall be avoided. An ordinary suction pump with its
suction end inserted up to the required depth in the borehole shall be used for this
purpose.
c) The sample shall be collected in a clean vessel and allowed to settle so that the
supernatural liquid can be poured into a clean well rinsed glass or polythene bottle.
Sufficient quantity and number of samples shall be collected to carry out the chemical
analysis and sent to a laboratory in airtight bottles with proper labelling. Samples of
industrial waste products that have been dumped on the site should be collected and
chemically analyzed in the laboratory as per Cl. X.
7.6 Field California Bearing Ratio (CBR)
7.6.1 Tests to determine Field CBR values (un-soaked and soaked) of existing materials shall
be carried out as per IS: 2720 (Part – 31) at different locations along the proposed road
alignment. The equipments and accessories required for carrying out the test, test
procedure, all test data, all the field observations, charts, curve etc along with calculations
and presentation of results for determination of the in-situ CBR value shall be as per IS:
2720 (Part – 31). At least three (3) in-situ CBR tests shall be carried out at each location.
The Contractor shall get the locations of CBR tests indicated in the drawing confirmed at
the time of execution of the work.
7.6.2 If the results of the three tests in any group do not show reasonable agreement, then three
(3) additional tests shall be performed at the same location and the arithmetic mean of the
six tests shall be reported as the in-situ CBR value at that location. If single value is
erratic for any reason, that value shall be discarded and another test shall be performed.
The spacing of the tests should be such that operations in one area do not disturb the soil
in the other area. For testing operations this spacing shall be minimum 50 cms for the
penetration piston used in the test for no disturbance in the surrounding area.
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7.6.3 The scope of work shall include excavation of test pits up to the test levels in all types of
fill / soil and soft rock if any, supplying and installation of all equipment, setting up and
carrying out all the tests, evaluation of test results, working out the in-situ CBR values of
fill / soil and soft rock at specified levels and reporting the results as specified. The scope
also includes supply of all labour, materials, plant and equipment, shoring, strutting,
dewatering (if necessary) and backfilling of the test pits as directed by the Client or
Engineer-In-Charge, complete in all respects.
7.6.4 If actual service conditions in the field warrant, the surface to be tested shall be soaked to
the desired degree. During the process of soaking, the required surcharge weights shall be
kept in place. The test surface should be drained of all free water and allowed to stand for
at least fifteen (15) minutes before starting further operations.
7.6.5 The equipment calibration shall be properly plotted and included in the report. Depth
wise cross section of the sub surface profile at each CBR test location shall be plotted and
submitted to the Client or Engineer-In-Charge on completion of the work. All such pit
logs shall be included in the report.
7.7 Static Cone Penetration Test or (SCPT)
The static cone penetration test shall be carried out in accordance with IS: 4968 (Part-III).
Static cone penetration test shall be conducted to know the soil stratification and to
estimate the various physical and engineering properties of soil. The location of the static
cone penetration shall be close to the boreholes in order to compare between the results
of the static cone and the S.P.T. in the boreholes and to establish a correlation between
both tests. The test shall be carried out by equipment of 20 tons capacity mechanically
operated equipment.
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The cone penetrometer shall be advanced by pushing. Push the cone to specified depth or
refusal (i.e., very hard strata that is impenetrable by the cone at the rate of 3mm/sec even
at the maximum loading capacity of the equipment). Maintain continuous record of
penetration resistance. At the ground level, preboring up to 0.5m depth shall be permitted
if the overlying stratum is very hard and no extra payment shall be made on account of
this preboring.
The results of the static cone shall be recorded as follows:
Diagram of cone resistance qc versus depth

Diagram of the frictions Fs versus depth
Diagram of the friction ratio % Fs / qc versus depth
7.8 Electrical Resistivity Test (ERT)
This test shall be conducted to determine the electrical resistivity of soil required for
designing the entire plant safety grounding system. The test shall be conducted using
Wenner's four electrode method as specified in Appendix-B2 of IS: 1892. The
specification for the equipments and other accessories required for performing the test,
test procedure and reporting of field observations shall conform to IS: 3043. Unless
otherwise specified, at each test location the test shall be conducted along two orthogonal
lines. On each line a minimum of 8 to 10 readings shall be taken various spacing of the
electrodes from an initial small value of 0.5m up to a distance of 10m.
7.9 Cyclic Plate Load Test (CPLT)
7.9.1 Plate load test shall be conducted to determine the bearing capacity and load/settlement
characteristics of soil at shallow depth by loading a plane and levelled steel plate kept at
the desired depth and measuring the settlement under different loads until a desired
settlement takes place or failure occurs. The specification for equipment and accessories
required for conducting the test, the test procedure, field observations and reporting of
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results etc shall conform to IS: 1888 and IS 1904 and IS 5249. The location and depth of
the test shall be as given in the drawing or as indicated by the Engineer-In-Charge /
Client.
7.9.2 Undisturbed tube samples as specified in clause 7.3.2 shall be collected at 1m and 2.5m
depths from the ground level or as specified in the drawing for carrying out laboratory
tests
7.9.3 Size of plate and Test Pit
7.9.4 Minimum size of plate shall be 600 mm x 600 mm x 25 thick for soils and 450 mm x 450
mm x minimum 25 mm thick for rocks. The size of pit shall not be less than five times
the plate size and the depth shall be as specified. The bottom of the pit shall be levelled
before placing the plate in position for conducting the test. The test plate shall be placed
over a fine sand layer of maximum thickness 5 mm, so that the centre of plate coincides
with the centre of reaction girder/beam.
7.9.5 If the ground water table is at a depth higher than the specified test depth, the ground
water table shall be lowered and maintained at the test depth for the entire duration of the
test by pumping through a sump, away from the test plate. Dewatering shall be at the cost
of the contractor.
7.9.6 For the soils like cohesionless silt and fine sand if water cannot be drained by pumping
from the sump, the test shall be conducted at water table level only with the approval of
the Engineer-In-Charge / Client.
7.9.7 The reaction method of loading shall be adopted. A seating load of 7kN/sqm shall be
applied and after the dial gauge readings are stabilized, the load shall be released and the
initial readings of the dial gauges be recorded after they indicate constant reading. The
load shall be increased in stages. These stages shall be 20, 40, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300,
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400, 500, 600 and 800 kN/sqm for soils. These stages shall be 25, 50,100, 150, 200, 300,
400, 600, 800, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 kN/sqm for rocks. Settlement shall be
recorded from dial gauges placed at four diametrically opposite ends of the test plate.
Under each loading stage, record of time vs. settlement shall be kept as specified in IS:
1888.
7.9.8 In case of cohesive soils, each load increment shall be maintained until the settlement is
less than 0.02mm/minute or 6 hours whichever is later. Dial gauge readings for
settlement shall generally be taken at 1, 2.25, 4, 6.25, 9, 16, 25, 60, 90 and 120 minutes
from the start of each stage of loading. Thereafter, the readings shall be taken at 3hrs,
4hrs, 5hrs, 6hrs, 8hrs, 10 hrs & 12 hrs from start.
7.9.9 Other than cohesive soils, each stage loading shall be maintained for a minimum duration
of one hour or till the settlement rate reduces to 0.02mm/minute whichever is later. No
extrapolation of settlement rate from periods less than one hour shall be permitted. The
final loading shall be maintained for 24 hours. During unloading, reading of dial gauge
shall be recorded for each stage of unloading. The test shall be continued till a settlement
of 25 mm under normal circumstances or 50 mm in special cases, such as dense gravel,
gravel and sand mixture is obtained or till failure occurs, whichever is earlier.
Alternatively, where settlement does not reach 25 mm, the test should be continued to at
least two times the estimated design pressure. If needed, rebound observations may be
taken while releasing the load.
7.9.10 The loading, unloading & reloading shall be carried out as per IS 5249.
7.9.11 The test results reflect only the character of the soil located within a depth of less than
twice the width of the bearing plate. It is necessary to excavate soil below the test plate to
a depth equal to twice the dimension of the plate so as-to examine and record the subsoil
profile.
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7.9.12 Backfilling of the pit shall be carried out as per the directions of the Engineer-In-Charge /
Client. Unless otherwise specified the excavated soil shall be used for this purpose.
7.10 Result
7.10.1 The continuous listing of all time, load and settlement data, for each test shall be recorded
with details of test elevation, natural water table profile of test pit, size of bearing plate,
irregularity, if any, in routine procedure and details of undisturbed samples collected.
7.10.2 In case the contractor is unable to do Cyclic Plate load Test (CPLT) at site due to site
condition the client / consultant shall be informed immediately for taking appropriately
decision regarding alternative test
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8 Laboratory Investigations
8.1 Essential Requirements:
All laboratory tests shall be conducted in an approved / accredited laboratory using

approved apparatus complying with the requirements and specifications of Indian
standards or other approved standards for this class of work.
Carefully and precisely calibrated and certified instruments and their accessories shall be
used
Qualified and experienced personnel who are thoroughly conversant with the work shall
schedule and perform Laboratory tests.
Depending on the type of sub strata encountered, appropriate laboratory tests shall be
planned and scheduled on soil and rock samples collected in the field
The schedule of laboratory tests shall be submitted by the Contractor for the approval of
Client / Engineer-In-Charge before starting of laboratory tests.
Tests indicated in the schedule of items shall be performed on soil, rock and water
samples as per relevant IS codes.
Based on the soil data obtained from field investigations, the schedule of laboratory tests
may be revised / modified.
Laboratory tests shall be concurrently carried out with field investigations
Progress of laboratory tests shall be reported to Client / Engineer-In-Charge on a weekly
basis
On continuous review of such reports and further flow of data from field investigations,
more revisions to field and laboratory testing may be ordered
All samples to be extracted and transported very carefully taking necessary precautions
against disturbing their natural state
All samples whether undisturbed or disturbed shall be extracted, prepared and examined
by a competent personnel properly trained and experienced in soil sampling,
examination, testing and in using the apparatus as per the specified standards.
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While extracting a sample from a liner or tube care shall be taken to see that its direction
of movement is the same as that during sampling to avoid stress reversal.
On all undisturbed soil samples tested for bulk density, water content, grain size
distribution, liquid limit and plastic limit tests shall also be performed.
On all rock samples tested for unconfined compression test, bulk density and water
content tests shall also be performed.
Chemical test results on soil and water samples shall be furnished in a tabular form
separately.
A summary of test results for each soil and rock sample shall be presented in a pro-forma
as enclosed in Annexure-A & B respectively.
8.2 The list of laboratory tests to be conducted, the relevant BIS codes for test as well as BIS
code for equipment along with type of sample to be tested are given in Table 8.1 to Table
8.3.
Laboratory Measurement of Soil Properties
Table 8.1 - Detailed Exploration Physical Tests
Sl Tests Procedure Equipment Sample Remarks

No. Type
IS: IS:
i Detailed Tests
a Grain size analysis

Sieve Analysis 2720 - 4 460 - 1 DS/UDS
Hydrometer Analysis 2720 - 4 3104 DS/UDS
Pipette Analysis 2720 - 4 2720 - 4 DS/UDS

b Specific gravity 2720 - 3 2720 - 3 DS/UDS
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c Natural moisture content 2720 - 2 2720 - 2 DS/UDS

d Unit Weight 2720 - 3 2720 - 3 DS/UDS
e Atterberg’s Limits
Liquid Limit 2720 - 5 9259,11196 DS/UDS
Plastic Limit 2720 - 5 9259,11196 DS/UDS
Shrinkage Limit 2720 - 6 10077 DS/UDS
f Linear Shrinkage 2720 - 20 460 UDS
g Relative Density of cohesion 2720 - 14 10837 DS/UDS
less soils
h Soil Classification &
IS System 1498 DS/UDS
Unified Soil Classification USC DS/UDS

Table 8.2 - Detailed Exploration: Mechanical Property Tests
Sl Tests Procedure Equipment Sample Remarks

No. Type
IS: IS:
1 Permeability 2720 - 17 11209, 9198 UDS
2 Permeability (granular soils) 2720 - 36 2720 - 36 DS

(Constant Head)
3 Consolidation 2720 - 15 2720 - 15 UDS
4 Direct Shear 2720 – 13 11209 UDS

5 Direct Shear Test For Soils 2720– 39/1 11593, DS
Containing Gravel 2720– 39/1
6 Un-Confined Compressive 2720 - 10 2720 - 2 UDS
Strength
7 Tri-axial Compression 2720 – 11 2720 – 11 UDS or
Unconsolidated Un-drained Remoulded
8 Tri-axial Compression 2720 - 12 2720 – 12 UDS or
Consolidated Un-drained Remoulded
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9 Vane Shear Test 2720 - 30 2720 - 30 DS/UDS
10 Modified Proctor 2720 - 8 10074, 9198 DS/UDS

Compaction Test (water
11 California Bearing Ratio 2720 - 16 9669 DS/UDS
12 Free Swell Test 2720 - 40 2720 - 40 DS/UDS
13 Swelling Pressure of Soils 2720 - 41 2720 – 41 DS/UDS

2720 – 2
14 Field Moisture Equivalent 2720 - 18 460, 2720 - UDS
Content 18
Table 8.3 - Chemical Property Tests of Soil & Water and Properties of Rock Core
III Chemical Property Tests: Procedure Equipment Sample Remarks

Soluble salt content: Type
IS: IS:
Chlorides 2720 - 27 DS
Sulphates 2720 - 27 DS
Total Soluble Sulphates 2720 - 27 DS
Total Soluble Solids 2720 - 21 DS
Calcium carbonate content 2720 - 23 DS
Organic matter content 2720 - 22 DS
Chemical analysis of water 3025 DS
pH value 2720 - 26 DS
IV Properties of Rock Core

Specific Gravity 1122 DS
Water absorption, Porosity 1124 DS
Petro graphic examination 1125 DS
Deformation Modulus of 7317 DS
Rock
In-situ Shear test 7746 DS
Point Load Strength Index 8764 DS
Unconfined Compressive St 9143 DS
Preparation of Rock 9179 DS
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Modulus of Elasticity & 9221 DS

Poisson’s Ratio in Uni-axial
Tensile Strength by Indirect 10082 DS
Dynamic Modulus of Rock 10782 DS
Point Load Test on Rock 10785 DS
Discontinuities in Rock 11315 DS
Water Content, Porosity / 13030 DS
Density
Tri-axial Compression 13047 DS
Rock Mass Rating 13365 DS
Determination Of Resistivity 14436 DS
Of Rock
9.0 RATES & MEASUREMENTS
9.1 Rates
Rates for all items are to be filled in by the Contractor in figures as well as in words in
ink and in English. Corrections, if any, shall be initialled by the Contractor.
The work is described very briefly in the item of work in the schedule of quantities. Read
various items of the schedule of quantities in conjunction with the corresponding sections
in the technical specification including amendments and additions if any.
The Contractor shall carefully go through the clauses in the tender documents,
specifications, tender drawings and shall include in his rates any sum he may consider
necessary to cover the fulfillment of various clauses contained therein. For each item in
the schedule of quantities, the bidder’s rates shall include all the activities covered in the
description of the items as well as for all necessary operations in details described in the
technical specification.
The quantities are indicative only. It may vary according to the site conditions. No
change in unit rate shall be admissible for any variation in quantity. No extra payment
will be allowed for any incidental or contingent work, labour, materials and plant.
No claims shall be entertained if the details shown on the released for construction
drawings differ in any way (e.g. location and depth of tests, number of tests etc) from
those shown on the tender drawings.
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The unit rates quoted shall include minor details which are obviously and fairly intended
and which may not have been included in these documents but are essential for the
satisfactory completion of the work.
The bidders quoted rates shall be inclusive of providing all equipments, men, materials,
skilled and unskilled labours, transportation, accomodation of personnel, making
observations, establishing the ground level and coordinates at location of each bore hole,
test pit and waste etc by carrying levels from one established bench mark and distances
from one set of grid lines furnished by the Engineer-In-Charge / Client. Also no extra
payments shall be made for conducting the standard penetration tests, collection, packing
and transportation of all the samples and cores, recording of all results and submitting
them in approved formats etc.
The quoted rates for trial pits/plate load tests/ (cyclic) plate load tests shall be inclusive of
dewatering and backfilling etc.
The quoted rates for drilling in rock shall satisfy the requirements as furnished in
specification.
The rates quoted for conducting pump out test shall be inclusive of boring a well of
400mm diameter, providing and installation of perforated GI/MS pipes and observation
pipes etc.
The rates quoted for conducting cross hole shear test shall be inclusive of necessary
boring, providing PVC pipes, grouting, geophones, backfilling the holes after completion
of testing etc.
The rates quoted for laboratory tests shall include preparation of samples, performing
tests, recording, analysis and submission of data etc.
The bidder shall submit a scheme showing the arrangement and equipment proposed to
be used for conducting the site work along with rates. However the minimum number of
staff and equipments to be deployed / mobilised for site works shall be as in Special
Conditions of Contract in the Bid Documents.
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Quoted rates to include all taxes, duties, octroi, fees for entering private places, for use of
access roads, working and storing places, costs and compensations for clearings, fences,
crop damages and complete in all respects to complete the said items of work within the
contemplation of the contract.
Additional difficulties caused by adverse weather conditions have to be included.
9.2 Measurements
a. All measurements shall be in SI Units.

b. Length shall be measured in metres (m) correct to two places of decimals. Areas
shall be worked out in square meters (Sqm) and volume in cubic meters (Cum)
rounded off to two decimals.
c. Certain tests have to be conducted in the bore holes and trial pits etc. Such bore
holes and trails pits etc shall be measured once only and not again just because the
tests are conducted therein.
d. The depth of penetration due to SPT at the bottom of bore hole shall not be
considered for the measurement of bore hole depth.
e. Pits shall be measured in Cum.
f. Coring in rock with diamond bit shall be measured in length (metre) correct to
two places of decimal for the actual cored length satisfying the criteria of
specification
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10.0 BILL OF QUANTITIES

Item Description Unit Qty Rate Amount
No. (Rs) (Rs)
1 Mobilisation: Fee to cover cost of transport of plant, Lump 1
personnel etc to site at the start of work and their sum
withdrawal on completion including cost of transportation
Field Tests
2 Bore Holes (BH) - Setting out boring location, Taking Each 6

level of ground and setting up the boring / drilling rig at
each boring Location No.
3 Boring minimum 150 mm nominal diameter boreholes
through all types of soil using shell and auger or other
approved equipment including collection of disturbed
samples as specified and conducting SPT at every 1.5 m
depth of in all boreholes and recovering disturbed and un
disturbed soil samples & water samples for laboratory
testing.
Up to 25.0 m below ground level M 150
4 Chiseling through any obstruction at any depth M 25
5 Drilling through Hard Rock at all depths using T.C. bit M 20
With NX - size drill bit and recovering rock samples for
laboratory testing
6 Conducting Field (In-Situ) Vane Shear Tests as specified No 6
in IS: 4434 in Bore Holes.
7 Setting out, taking level and conducting Field CBR tests No 1

(soaked and unsoaked) at different depths as specified, at
each location, including excavation, supply and placement
of reaction systems, instrument etc all materials, tools,
plant and labour complete as specified and backfilling on
completion of work.
8 Conducting Static Cone Penetration Tests (SCPT) and No 1

submitting the results as specified
Laboratory Tests (As per Specification and Drawing)

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Item Description Unit Qty Rate Amount

No. (Rs) (Rs)
9 Conducting Laboratory tests on collected Soil Samples , Lump 1

Water samples & rock samples and submitting results as sum
specified (Rate shall be quoted as lump sum for all the
tests.)
10 Conducting Trial pit Nos. 1
11 Submission of Three (3) copies of Final Soil Investigation Lump 1

Report and soft copy of it along with Soil Investigation sum
Layout Drawing in AutoCAD format in Flash Drive
outlining the complete results of the investigations as
specified, field tests and laboratory tests as specified,
including submission of two (2) copies of interim and two
(2) copies of the final draft report as specified
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11.0 Report
11.1 Submission of Data of Trial \ Test Pit and Bore-Log:

The Contractor shall submit the data of Trial Pit and bore-log data of few bore holes upon
completion immediately in order to enable the Client / Engineer-In-Charge make
modifications if necessary. Uniformity of substrata may permit the elimination of some
investigations. Non-uniformity of substrata may warrant the addition or relocation of
investigations.
Contractor to propose modifications if any required maximizing its engineering value to

the project prior to the commencement of investigations. If during performance of the
fieldwork, prevailing geotechnical conditions indicate that the proposed work requires
modification, Contractor to recommend such modification necessary to provide the data
required for construction to the Client / Engineer-In-Charge for technical and
commercial approval prior to the commencement of the revised scope.
11.2 General Requirements

11.2.1 On completion of all the major field and laboratory works, the Contractor shall submit
for review by the Client & Engineer-In-Charge a Draft Report (in 3 copies) containing
the following:
Plot Plan
Geological information of the region
Procedure adopted for investigation
Summarized test data
Detailed bore-logs
Sub-soil sections
Laboratory observations and test results in both tabular as well as graphical forms
Field test results
Results of all laboratory tests are to be summarized
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Practical and theoretical considerations made for the interpretation of test results
The supporting calculations shall be included for the conclusions drawn etc.
Conclusion and recommendations
11.2.2 After review of the draft report, the comments of both Client & Engineer-In-Charge’s
comments will be intimated to the Contractor. The contractor shall incorporate the
comments and after getting the amended draft report approved, three copies of the
detailed final report shall be submitted along with one set of reproducible of the graphs,
tables etc. Soft copies shall also be submitted both in Flash Drive and by e-mail. Any
expenditure on account of redrafting, finalizing the report etc shall be deemed to have
been included in the quoted rates.
11.2.3 The detailed final report based on field observations, in-situ and laboratory tests shall
encompass theoretical as well as practical considerations for foundation of different
type of structures envisaged in the area under investigation. The contractor shall
acquaint himself about the type of structures, foundation loads and other information
required from the Client & Engineer-In-Charge.
11.3 The report shall also include but not be limited to the following.
11.3.1 Plot Plan: A plot plan showing the location and reduced levels of all field tests e.g.
bore holes, Trial / Test pit, Plate Load Test (PLT), Field (In-Situ) Vane Shear Strength
Test (FVST), Field California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Static Cone Penetration Tests
(SCPT), Electrical Resistivity Test (ERT) and etc properly drawn to scale and
dimensioned with reference to the established grid lines.
11.3.2 Geological information:

• Geological information of the area such as geomorphology, geological structure,
lithology, stratigraphy and tectonic faults, seismicity of the region and site, core
recovery and rock quality designation etc are to be included.
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• Past observations and historical data if available for the area or for other areas with
similar soil profile for similar structures in the surrounding areas.
11.3.3 Procedure adopted for investigation: The procedure adopted for geotechnical
investigation shall be explained in brief.
11.3.4 Summarized test data: General description of ground condition and general and
detailed description of the different layers of the soil strata in the entire site shall be
specified by interpreting and extrapolating all of the test data and results.
11.3.5 Detailed bore-logs:
o A true cross section of all individual boreholes and trial pits with reduced levels and
co-ordinates showing the classification and thickness of individual stratum, position
of ground water table, various in-situ tests conducted and samples collected at
different depths and the rock stratum if met with.
o Water level contours and rock level contours
o Plot of standard penetration test ‘N’ values (both uncorrected and corrected) with
depth for identified areas are to be included.
11.3.6 Sub-soil sections: A set of longitudinal and transverse soil/rock profiles

connecting various bore holes in two perpendicular & diagonal directions in
order to give a clear picture of the variation of the subsoil strata as per IS: 6065.
11.3.7 Laboratory observations and test results in both tabular as well as graphical
forms
For all tri-axial shear tests
Stress vs. Strain diagrams

Mohr's circle envelopes shall be furnished.
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The magnitude of the back pressure if any applied for saturation

The value of modulus of elasticity “E” shall be furnished for all tests along
with relevant calculations.
i. The following curves shall be furnished for all consolidation tests.

e vs. log P
e vs. P and
Compression vs. log t or square root of t (depending upon shape of the plot for
proper determination of coefficient of consolidation)
The point showing initial condition (e0, P0) of the soil shall be marked on the
curves.
ii. Values of compression index, coefficient of volume compressibility etc shall be
provided. Calculation procedures for the compression index from the field curve
and settlement of soil strata shall be clearly specified. Calculations for the time
required for 50% and 90% primary consolidation along with secondary settlement
if significant shall also be furnished.
Test results shall be analysed and discussed.
11.3.8 Field Test Results: Results of all field tests in tabular as well as in graphical forms
are to be incorporated.
11.3.9 Results of all laboratory tests are to be summarized:
For each sample as well as

A consolidated table giving the layer-wise soil and rock properties. All the
relevant charts, tables, graphs, figures, supporting calculations, conclusions and
photographs of representative rock cores and trial pits shall be furnished.
11.3.10 Practical and theoretical considerations made for the interpretation of test
results:
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INVESTIGATION WORK
Copies of Chart / Tables and references shall be included in the Report for the
following.
- Correlations used to derive geotechnical parameters / coefficients and copy
- Correlations and their basis of applicability shall be documented
- Any other assumptions made in the interpretation of the test results and their Basis
11.3.11 The supporting calculations shall be included for the conclusions drawn etc.
Values of cohesion, angle of internal friction, shear modulus and co-efficient of

subgrade reaction along with sample calculations. Calculation for allowable bearing
pressures and corresponding total settlements for shallow foundations and load
carrying capacity calculation of piles in various modes etc. The contractor shall also
furnish pile stiffness factor for both horizontal and vertical direction as well as
calculation for the same.
11.3.12 Conclusion and Recommendations
Provide Recommendations area wise duly considering the type of soil/rock, structure,
foundation type and ground water table etc in the area. Report shall be based on test
results and other observations to encompass theoretical as well as practical
considerations for foundations for the type of structures/facilities envisaged for the
project. The suggestions shall include but not be limited to the following:
a) Duly considering the sub strata characteristics, water table, and total settlement
permissible for the structures and equipments, type of foundation to be adopted
for various structures shall be suggested with minimum depth and width of
foundation etc.
b) For shallow foundations indicate the following with comprehensive supporting
calculations.
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i) Net safe bearing pressure for isolated square/rectangular footings and continuous
strip footings of sizes 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5m at different founding depths of 1, 2, 3, 4 &
5m below ground level with reference to R.L. of the test considering both
shear failure and settlement criteria to be furnished along with reasons for the type
of shear failure adopted in the calculation. The expected settlements of the
foundations are also to be furnished.
ii) Net safe bearing pressure for raft foundation of widths greater than 6m at 2, 3, 4
& 5m below ground level with reference to R.L. of the test to be provided
considering both shear failure and settlement criteria. The expected settlements of
the foundations are also to be furnished.
iii) Modulus of sub-grade reaction and modulus of elasticity from plate load test
results along with time-settlement curves and load settlement curves in both
natural and log-log graph.
c) If piling is envisaged furnish the following with comprehensive supporting

calculations.
i) Type of pile and reasons for recommending the same duly considering the
sub strata characteristics.
ii) Suitable founding strata for the pile. Termination criteria for the pile shall
also be specified.
iii) Estimated length of pile for 500 kN (450mm dia.), 750kN (500mm dia.),
1000kN (600mm dia.) 2250kN (750mm dia.) and 4500kN (1070mm dia.)
capacities.
iv) End bearing and frictional resistance shall be indicated separately.
v) Safe lateral and tensile load carrying capacities of pile with supporting
calculations are to be furnished.
vi) Magnitude of negative skin friction if any shall be provided.
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vii) Pile stiffness factor in horizontal and vertical direction are to be furnished
along with supporting calculating and references.
d) Estimates of magnitude and rate of settlement of the proposed

foundations/structures/sub-base, critical review of the expected differential
settlements and recommendations to avoid differential settlement and damage to
proposed structure.
e) Coefficient of permeability of various sub-soil and rock strata based on in-situ

permeability tests.
f) Cone resistance, frictional resistance, total resistance and settlement analysis for
different size of foundations.
g) Electrical resistivity of sub-soil based on electrical resistivity tests including

electrode spacing vs. cumulative resistivity curves.
h) The resistance level at various strata for installation of earthing shall also be
indicated.
i) Values for different Dynamic soil properties such as dynamic shear modulus and
Poisson's ratio etc coefficient of elastic uniform compression from cyclic plate
load tests.
j) Suitability of the soil for construction of roads and embankments.
Recommendations regarding stability of slopes (soil or rock), if any under

proposed structure
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Recommendations related to site preparation including classification, source,

placement, and compaction of fill materials required to bring the general site
levels to final grade level, if so warranted.
Recommendations regarding stable slopes for shallow, deep excavations and
dewatering etc.
Active and passive earth pressures, earth pressure at rest and modulus of
elasticity as a function of depths for the design of underground structures etc.
Recommendations regarding design and construction of roads and other paved
areas
k) Suitability of locally available soils at site for filling and back filling purposes,
including structural fill, pipe bedding, bund wall, drainage layers etc. including
lift depth and methods of compaction and potential for use as concrete aggregates.
l) If expansive soil is met with, then recommendation on removal, depth up to which

expansive soil is to be removed or retention of the same under the structures/roads
etc shall be furnished.
m) In the latter case, detailed specifications of any special treatment required
including specification for materials to be used, construction method, equipments
to be deployed etc shall be elaborated.
n) The liability of the ground to heave due to expansive soil or to collapse due to
dissolution of soil particles within the founding strata shall be indicated.
o) Protective measures based on chemical nature of soil and assessment of ground

water conditions with due regard to the potential deleterious effects on concrete,
steel and other building materials etc. Remedial measures for sulphate attack and
acidity shall be dealt with clear and practical recommendations.
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p) Susceptibility of sub soil strata to liquefaction in the event of earthquake shall be

examined and if so, appropriate recommendations for remedial measures are to be
furnished.
q) Identification of any other potential geotechnical problems & their remedial

measures.
r) Description of measures required for erosion control.
s) Identification of corrective measures required for the improvement of sub surface

conditions such as removal of poor sub soil/material and in-situ densification etc.
t) If ground improvement is recommended then its detailed specification,

specification for the materials to be used, construction method, equipments to be
deployed etc shall be furnished. Ground improvement’s expected bearing capacity
after soil improvement shall be indicated.
u) All recommendations shall be supported by backup calculation.
v) Recommendation for additional investigation, beyond the scope of the present

work, if considered necessary.
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ANNEXURE-A
SUMMARY OF LABORATORY TEST RESULTS

ON SOIL SAMPLES
(are to be furnished for tests conducted as per the Table 8.1, Table 8.2and Table 8.3)
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INVESTIGATION WORK
ANNEXURE-B
SUMMARY OF LABORATORY TEST RESULTS

ON ROCK CORE SAMPLES
Bore Hole No.
Depth
Core Piece No.
Moisture Content
Specific Gravity
Hardness
Porosity
Dry Density
Slake Durability
Point Load
Strength Index
Deformability (Dry / Saturated)
Unconfined Compressive Strength
( Insitu / Saturated)
Core Description
Remarks
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12.0 Bid Drawing
Sl.No. Drawing Description Drawing No. Rev.
1. Location of Bore Holes 0-17298-600-0010 00
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68 of 68
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Soil Testing Tech Specification

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Soil Testing Tech Specification

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AURO TEXTILES

(A UNIT OF VARDHAMAN TEXTILES LTD.,)

ADDITION OF 40 TPH AFBC STEAM GENERATOR

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

CONTROLLED COPY UN-CONTROLLED COPY

00 01.09.18 FIRST ISSUE VSK SRSP SSK

Sl. No. DESCRIPTION

1.0 Purpose / Objective

2.1 The scope of work shall include the following:

h) A post graduate in geotechnical engineering with at least 5 years of experience shall

3.0 Codes and Standards

3.3 List of Codes and Standards

Sl. BIS CODE R A YEAR Description

4 IS: 3764 1 0 1992 Code of Safety for Excavation Work

5 IS: 4014(Part 1) 1 0 1967 CP for Steel Tubular Scaffolding: (Part 1) Safety

Sl. BIS CODE R A YEAR Description

Sl. BIS CODE R A YEAR Description

18 IS: 14593 0 1 1998 Design and Construction of Bored Cast-In-Situ

Sl. BIS CODE R A YEAR DESCRIPTION

Codes for Field Investigations

1 IS: 1888 2 0 1982 Method of Load Test on Soils

Sl. BIS CODE R A YEAR DESCRIPTION

2 IS: 1892 1 0 1979 Code of Practice for Subsurface Investigation for

3 IS: 2131 1 0 1981 Method of Standard Penetration Test for Soils

10 IS: 3043 x x 1987 Code of Practice for Earthing

13 IS: 4453 x x 2009 Code of Practice for Subsurface Exploration by

Sl. BIS CODE R A YEAR DESCRIPTION

18 IS: 5249 2 1 1992 Determination of Dynamic Properties of Soil -

19 IS: 5313 x x 1980 Code of Practice for Core Drilling Operations

20 IS: 5529 (Part 1) X X Code of Practice for In-Situ Permeability Test –

23 IS: 6935 x x 1973 Methods of Determination of Water Level in a

24 IS: 6955 X X 1973 Code of Practice of Subsurface Exploration for

26 IS: 8763 0 0 Guide for Undisturbed Sampling of Sands

Sl. BIS CODE R A YEAR DESCRIPTION

27 IS: 9214 0 0 1979 Method for Determination of Modulus of Sub-

28 IS: 9640 0 2 1980 Specification for Split Spoon Sampler

29 IS: 10042 0 0 1981 Code of Practice for Site Investigations for

30 IS: 10060 X X Code of Practice for Subsurface Investigation for

32 IS: 10108 0 0 1982 Code of Practice for Sampling of Soils by Thin

34 IS: 10442 0 0 1983 Specification for Earth Augers (Spiral Type)

35 IS: 10589 0 0 1983 Equipment for Determination of Subsurface

Sl. BIS CODE R A YEAR DESCRIPTION

13 IS: 10077 0 0 1982 Specification for Equipment for Determination of

Sl. BIS CODE R A YEAR DESCRIPTION

Standard Proctor Test: Methods of Test for Soils:

Methods of Test for Soils: (Part 11) Determination

Sl. BIS CODE R A YEAR DESCRIPTION

17 IS: 10074 0 0 1982 Specification for Compaction Mould Assembly for

18 IS: 11209 0 0 1985 Specifications for Mould Assembly for

Sl. BIS CODE R A YEAR DESCRIPTION

Code of Practice for Uni-axial Jacking Test for

2 IS: 8764 1 2 1998 Method of Determination of Point Load Index of Rocks

3 IS: 9143 0 0 1979 Method for the Determination of Unconfined

4.0 General Requirements

4.1 Responsibilities of Geotechnical Engineer / Geologist to Include:

Supervise and observe all surface exploration operations

Keep daily records of all activities on site

All applied testing equipment to be in good condition and fully functional.

4.10 Place particular emphasis on:

The number of boreholes, depths and locations

4.11 Photo Documentation

o Take colour photos from all recovered core samples.

o Take the photos vertically down on the samples to avoid distortion