Name of School : DAPA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Address : DAPA, SURIGAO DEL NORTE

Teacher : JOAN MARIE C. PELIAS
Subject : SCIENCE 8
Section : 8 – Jenner/ 8 - Hooke
Time Schedule : 12:00 – 12:50 PM / 12:50 – 1:40 PM
Date : July 2-4, 2018
Time Frame : 3 days

I. Objectives:
 At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
a. identify the two states of energy;
b. calculate the Potential Energy or the Kinetic Energy of an object; and
c. relate the work done to potential energy;
d. show self-reliance in answering a short quiz.

II. Subject Matter:

 Lesson : Work and Energy
Subtopic: Forms of Energy (Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy)
 References: Science 8 LM, Science 8 TG,
 Materials: Pictures, Visual aids, activity sheet

III. Lesson Development:

Learning Activities
Motivation
The teacher will facilitate a short review about the different forms of energy. She will let the students draw a box on a
piece of paper then answer the question that is written on it.
Sample Questions:
1. How do we define energy?
2. In what Greek word does the word energy came from?
3. Will you name two (2) forms of energy?
4. Give one example of practice that uses energy.

A. ACTIVITY

The students will perform …

Activity 1. Using the pictures below, the teacher will let the students observe each pictures for two (2) minutes.
Afterwards, she will let them group the pictures in tow (2) base on their observations.

Activity 2. ROLLING TOY

Q1. What happens to the toy/

Q2. What kind of energy is ‘stored’ in the rubber band?
Q3. What kind of energy does rolling toy have?
Q4. What transformation of energy happens in a rolling toy?

B. ANALYSIS

The teacher will slowly associate the pictures for today’s lesson by asking the following:
Guide Questions:
1. In what way do these pictures differ?
2. What is the difference between Potential and Kinetic energy?
3. How can we calculate the Potential energy of an object?
4. Is there any way on how we can determine the kinetic energy of an object?
 Activity 2

Q1. It rolls.
Q2. Potential energy
Q3. Kinetic energy
Q4. Potential to kinetic energy

C. ABSTRACTION

POTENTIAL ENERGY

An object can store energy as the result of its position. For example, the heavy ball of a demolition machine is storing
energy when it is held at an elevated position. This stored energy of position is referred to as potential energy. Similarly, a
drawn bow is able to store energy as the result of its position. When assuming its usual position (i.e., when not drawn), there is
no energy stored in the bow. Yet when its position is altered from its usual equilibrium position, the bow is able to store
energy by virtue of its position. This stored energy of position is referred to as potential energy. Potential energy is the stored
energy of position possessed by an object.

Gravitational Potential Energy

The two examples above illustrate the two forms of potential energy to be
discussed in this course - gravitational potential energy and elastic potential
energy. Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored in an object as the
result of its vertical position or height. The energy is stored as the result of the
gravitational attraction of the Earth for the object. The gravitational potential
energy of the massive ball of a demolition machine is dependent on two variables -
the mass of the ball and the height to which it is raised. There is a direct relation
between gravitational potential energy and the mass of an object. More massive objects have greater gravitational potential
energy. There is also a direct relation between gravitational potential energy and the height of an object. The higher that an
object is elevated, the greater the gravitational potential energy. These relationships are expressed by the following
equation:

PEgrav =mass • g • height

PEgrav = m *• g • h

In the above equation, m represents the mass of the object, h represents the height of the object and g represents the
gravitational field strength (9.8 N/kg on Earth) - sometimes referred to as the
acceleration of gravity.

To determine the gravitational potential energy of an object, a zero height

position must first be arbitrarily assigned. Typically, the ground is considered to
be a position of zero height. But this is merely an arbitrarily assigned position that
most people agree upon. Since many of our labs are done on tabletops, it is often
customary to assign the tabletop to be the zero height position. Again this is
merely arbitrary. If the tabletop is the zero position, then the potential energy of
an object is based upon its height relative to the tabletop. For example, a
pendulum bob swinging to and from above the tabletop has a potential energy that
can be measured based on its height above the tabletop. By measuring the mass of
the bob and the height of the bob above the tabletop, the potential energy of the bob can be determined.
 Since the gravitational potential energy of an object is directly proportional to its height above the zero position,
a doubling of the height will result in a doubling of the gravitational potential energy. A tripling of the height will result in
a tripling of the gravitational potential energy.

Example:

Knowing that the potential energy at the top of the tall platform is 50 J, what is the potential energy at the other positions
shown on the stair steps and the incline?

A: PE = 40 J (since the same mass is elevated to 4/5-ths height of the top stair)
B: PE = 30 J (since the same mass is elevated to 3/5-ths height of the top stair)
C: PE = 20 J (since the same mass is elevated to 2/5-ths height of the top stair)
D: PE = 10 J (since the same mass is elevated to 1/5-ths height of the top stair)
E and F: PE = 0 J (since the same mass is at the same zero height position as shown for the bottom stair).

Elastic Potential Energy

The second form of potential energy that we will discuss is elastic
potential energy. Elastic potential energy is the energy stored in elastic
materials as the result of their stretching or compressing. Elastic potential
energy can be stored in rubber bands, bungee chords, trampolines, springs, an
arrow drawn into a bow, etc. The amount of elastic potential energy stored in
such a device is related to the amount of stretch of the device - the more
stretch, the more stored energy.

Springs are a special instance of a device that can store elastic potential energy due to either compression or stretching. A
force is required to compress a spring; the more compression there is, the more force that is required to compress it further.
For certain springs, the amount of force is directly proportional to the amount of stretch or compression (x); the constant of
proportionality is known as the spring constant (k).

Fspring = k • x
Such springs are said to follow Hooke's Law. If a spring is not stretched or compressed, then there is no elastic
potential energy stored in it. The spring is said to be at its equilibrium position. The equilibrium position is the position that the
spring naturally assumes when there is no force applied to it. In terms of potential energy, the equilibrium position could be
called the zero-potential energy position. There is a special equation for springs that relates the amount of elastic potential
energy to the amount of stretch (or compression) and the spring constant. The equation is

PEspring = 0.5 • k • x2

where k = spring constant

x = amount of compression
(relative to equilibrium position)

To summarize, potential energy is the energy that is stored in an object due to its position relative to some zero
position. An object possesses gravitational potential energy if it is positioned at a height above (or below) the zero height. An
object possesses elastic potential energy if it is at a position on an elastic medium other than the equilibrium position.

KINETIC ENERGY

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. An object that has motion - whether it is vertical or horizontal motion - has kinetic
energy. There are many forms of kinetic energy - vibrational (the energy due to vibrational motion), rotational (the energy due
to rotational motion), and translational (the energy due to motion from one location to another). To keep matters simple, we
will focus upon translational kinetic energy. The amount of translational kinetic energy (from here on, the phrase kinetic
energy will refer to translational kinetic energy) that an object has depends upon two variables: the mass (m) of the object and
the speed (v) of the object. The following equation is used to represent the kinetic energy (KE) of an object.

KE = 0.5 • m • v2

where m = mass of object

v = speed of object
This equation reveals that the kinetic energy of an object is directly proportional to the square of its speed. That means that for
a twofold increase in speed, the kinetic energy will increase by a factor of four. For a threefold increase in speed, the kinetic
energy will increase by a factor of nine. And for a fourfold increase in speed, the kinetic energy will increase by a factor of
sixteen. The kinetic energy is dependent upon the square of the speed. As it is often said, an equation is not merely a recipe for
algebraic problem solving, but also a guide to thinking about the relationship between quantities.
Kinetic energy is a scalar quantity; it does not have a direction. Unlike velocity, acceleration, force, and momentum, the kinetic
energy of an object is completely described by magnitude alone. Like work and potential energy, the standard metric unit of
measurement for kinetic energy is the Joule. As might be implied by the above equation, 1 Joule is equivalent to 1 kg*(m/s)^2.

1 Joule = 1 kg • m2/s2

D. APPLICATION

The teacher will relate the topic to their daily lives by letting the students demonstrate common practices that show
potential and kinetic energy. They will be grouped into five (5).

E. EVALUATION
1
In a (crosswise) sheet of paper, calculate for the value of Potential energy (PE) or Kinetic energy (KE). Follow the
2
standard computation given by your teacher. (5 points each)

1. What is the KE of a 500 kg car which moves at 20 m/s?

2. A 7kg bag is lifted to a 3m high shelf. Determine its PE.
3. A 55 kg man runs at a speed of 4 m/s. Find his KE.
4. Calculate for the PE of a box that has a mass of 5.8 kg which is lifted to a 2.5 m ledge.

IV. ASSIGNMENT

Bring home problems

a. Determine the kinetic energy of a 625-kg roller coaster car that is moving
with a speed of 18.3 m/s.

b. A cart is loaded with a brick and pulled at constant speed along an inclined
plane to the height of a seat-top. If the mass of the loaded cart is 3.0 kg and
the height of the seat top is 0.45 meters, then what is the potential energy
of the loaded cart at the height of the seat-top?

V. Remarks:

 The objective was not achieved within the time frame due to lack of time.

Prepared by:

JOAN MARIE C. PELIAS

Subject Teacher

Checked by:

MARIETTA C. ASIGNAR, HT - III

Department Head