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Business Law Project

Scholarship Contract Civil Procedure

ICMB 341 Business Law Section 2


ICMB 341 Business Law Section 2

Business Law Project


Scholarship Contract Civil Procedure

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................................................1

BACKGROUND....................................................................................................................................2

SCHOLARSHIP CONTRACT...............................................................................................................4

THIS CONTRACT WILL BECOME VOID OR VOIDABLE WHEN;..........................................................................5

COUNTERCLAIM.......................................................................................................................................6

SCHOLARSHIP CIVIL PROCEDURE..................................................................................................6

EMPLOYMENT.....................................................................................................................................8

REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................10

APPENDIX..........................................................................................................................................11

A-1: MINISTRY OF DEFENSE’S SCHOLARSHIP CONTRACT.......................................................................11

A-1: MINISTRY OF DEFENSE’S SCHOLARSHIP CONTRACT.......................................................................12

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Background

Technology and advancement, not only brought in greater benefits through time, have also
come with the multiplication in costs of living which primarily includes the costs of education or tuition
fees. As education is one of the key factors influencing future development of the nations, the federal
governments as well as one in Thailand have been seeking ways to increase the opportunity for their
citizens to achieve higher education in which one common example is to provide them with
scholarships.
Scholarships are money awarded by national and foreign organizations such as
governments, academic institutions and several other corporations as financial aids to help students
with outstanding ability or with excellent contribution to pursue higher degrees in exchange with
some certain conditions. Many types of scholarships can be classified: merit-based awards based on
students’ athletic abilities recognized, academic achievement, or high scores on tests; need-based
awards based on students’ financial needs by looking at the expected family contribution and cost of
intended college attendance; student-specific awards based on students’ qualification of race,
gender, or other specific factors; and career-specific awards by academic institutions to students
planning to pursue a specific field of study.
The conditions or bond requirements for granting scholarships may differ by criteria which
usually reflect values and purposes of the scholarship contributors; for example, the government and
corporations who might be offering scholarships to attract and retain potential employees to support
their business plans and to encourage entrants into its field of work may not required the
scholarships to be paid back; however, recipients may need to work for a particular employer for a
specified period of time under the contract agreement; some may require the applicants to repay the
value of the support received from the scholarships; otherwise, some may offer the students will full
merit-based awards, especially for those who are in need, in which no compensation is required.
Another kind of scholarships people usually think of might be student loans. The aim of offering
students loan is to help students with financial problems by providing the loans to pay for their
education, housing, and other essential expenses. These students are responsible to repay the
entire loan back at the very low interest rate within the specified period stated in the conditions.
However, if the applicant failed to maintain the criteria which is the scholarship award is provided, or
voluntarily terminates academic training, or dismissed from the educational institution for disciplinary
reasons, under the contract, all the funds should be returned in full payment within a period of time
specified in the conditions.

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To be more specific, in this paper, we would like to lay emphasis on the case in 2005 that
focused on the scholarship contract subject to the conditions made between the scholarship provider
and receiver binding to an employment field.
The case introduced in this term paper will discuss about the legal dispute related to the
military scholarships. This type of scholarships provided by the Ministry of Defense is considered as
another renowned source of funding which generally will be awarded in return for a tour of duty with
a branch of the military supporting their future force’s education. The case is explained as follows:

Supreme Court Opinion No. 252/2548


Ministry of Defense v. Keawlek
Re: Contract, Government, Scholarship Civil Procedure

When the Defendant obtained the scholarship from the Plaintiff to


pursue his studies abroad, he had voluntarily signed an agreement which
included a clause - if a breach of contract was committed by the
Defendant, he would have to return to Thailand immediately or be
discharged from the ministry. The Defendant was also liable to repay
three times the amount of the scholarship, including all expenses, to the
Plaintiff. However, as the breach-of-contract clause has been included in
the agreement prior to the breach of contract, it was deemed as a fine
instead. If the court finds that the repayment amount is too exorbitant, it
can reduce the amount as it deemed appropriate after considering all the
damages of the creditor according to Civil Code Section 383 clause 1.
The court settlement was deemed to be the amount of damages including
the fine. Besides having the right to demand for interest payment from the
principal amount paid by the Plaintiff, the Plaintiff also has the right to
calculate the interest rate at 7.5% per annum accrued from the default
date under Civil Code Section 224 Clause 1. Figure 1.1

According to the Thai Supreme Court Opinions on the selected case in 2005, the lawsuit was
filed by the plaintiff against the defendant as a consequence of the breach of contract. The

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defendant or the person, whose action was sued and brought against in a court of law by another
party, was the student who applied for the scholarship for a degree abroad, identified as “Keawlek”.
The plaintiff or the person, who filed a lawsuit or made claim against, was the Ministry of Defense of
Thailand. The Ministry of Defense is the government agency that supervises the operations and
administration of the military establishment and coordinates military policies with those of other
governmental agencies concerned with national security. One of the ministry projects was to provide
scholarships to support potential arm force to pursue further education or training in Thailand or in
other countries so that they can bring back benefits to the country. Undergoing the study within the
country or abroad both require the applicant to come back and work for the government’s demand.
In this case, Keawlek had engaged in the scholarship contract with the Ministry of Defense in
which the defendant applied as an applicant for the scholarships to study or train abroad. To receive
this educational scholarship, the applicant must sign the contract certifying with all the terms and
conditions understood and agreed to work to in return of duty with the branch of the military or the
government. However, in violation of any conditions within the contract, it would require the
defendant to expel from the ministry, return to Thailand immediately, and repay three times the
amount of the scholarship to the ministry.
In terms of contract, it is a binding legal agreement between two parties who declare intents
that are enforceable in a court of law. In other words, failure or breach of contract will result in the
immediate actions as stated in the conditions; in this case it would refer to the refund as well as to
the total amount of the scholarships to be returned to the Ministry of Defense together with interest
which shall be charged at a certain rate from the time of the first instalment of the scholarship paid to
or on behalf of the student and thereafter on outstanding monthly balances.
However, the defendant had abided the contract’s terms stated that the defendant had to be
dismissed from the scholarship program and would be responsible for repaying the scholarship
amount used up at that point. Arrangement would be made with the ministry to repay this money. In
this case, the reimbursement was sought by the plaintiff to the court of law.
In this paper, further discussion of the selected case will be extended by the application of
terms and concepts gained from the Business Law course. Henceforth, we will presume to scenario
from this case starting from the creation of contract, and the consequences of which Keawlek broke
the contract and which Keawlek fulfilled all the conditions will be discussed under the civil procedure
and the employment sections respectively.

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Scholarship Contract

How the contract could be legally created


Contract is a part of the Juristic Acts which refer to any
act lawfully and voluntarily done for the intended purpose of
having legal obligation between persons to create, modify,
transfer, preserve, or extinguish rights.
This contract was the contract between two parties or
two people who were Keawlek and the Ministry of Defense;
therefore, to make the contract legally created, both sides
must be binding with the intent to achieve the same purpose in
which in this case Keawlek had an intent to receive the
scholarship for studying related to military abroad while the
Ministry of Defense had an intent to offer scholarship to a
potential arm force to study abroad. Thus, both were binding in
intent and outcomes. Also, the contract should be made with
full wills or without anyone forced them to do; for instance, the
Ministry of Defense could not force the applicant to accept the
agreement of returning to work as it would violate the law.
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Juristic
Acts
Figure 1.2

Note that the oral contract should not be given since it is difficult and impossible to be proven.
When offers were to be created, the voluntary acts also apply to the conditions made in the
agreement contract in A-1. The creation of conditions could not violate the human rights; thus, the
Ministry of Defense could offer choices for the applicant to choose, for example, assuming; if the
student will not come back to work for the ministry, then three times of the debts borrowed should be
paid back, etc. Another case is that if the applicant knew that there was a high chance not to be
able to come back and work for the ministry, then the counter-offer could be made by writing up a
new contract offering something in exchange such as returning cash or goods.
Moreover, in making this contract legitimate, the Ministry of Defense needs to make sure that
the student was not under 20 years old, but if applicant was, then their parents or others who had
rights under the law would need to give an approval to do so in A-2. If the applicant made an
agreement when the applicant was not 20 years old or under other conditions prohibited by law, then
contract will considered as voidable contract. Additionally, the contract could not be ambiguous; this
means by the contract in A-1 should state clearly in all of the conditions and both parties should

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make sure that there was nothing hidden in the agreement. The Defendant could not be a substitute
of any kind; it should be the right person that agrees to sign the contract, if the Defendant was a twin
or anybody else then the contract will not be enforceable. In this case the agreement was under
government contract; therefore, both parties have to use the Administrative Court.

(Up – Yes; Down – No)

When this contract would become void or voidable?


Figure 1.3

Void contract means the contract that is not enforceable at the first place, for example, the
contract that was created against the moral in the society.
For this case, the contract can become void when; firstly, if the ministry of defense had
purpose of sending the student to study and come back to murder or involving crimes, therefore, the
contract will become illegally as it is conflict with the law that has stated in the Criminal Code. Later
on, it will become void since they first made this contract. Furthermore, if the agreement stated
something that impossible to do, for example, if the student goes to study, they’ll have to come back
and be able to work for Ministry 24 hours without any sleep or break. If the contract has stated
something like this, therefore, it will also be considered as void agreement.
Voidable contract is the contract that will be enforceable until someone disagrees or until the
termination.
To make it easier to understand, in this case, the agreement will consider as voidable
contract when, for example, the contract was doing when the student is under twenty years old.
According to the law, people who can sign the agreement will be someone that is twenty years old or
older. Otherwise, the contract has to be approved by his parents. Moreover, during the process of
signing contract, the student will have to voluntary sign the contract. In contrast, if somebody forces
or threat the student to sign, then the contract will become voidable. Examples are, if somebody
kidnaps parents or the love one of defendant, and force the defendant to sign the contract; this will
become voidable contract as well. Additional, while signing contract, Ministry of Defense had to
make sure that the student has one hundred percent of his conscious mind; meaning that, he was
not on any drugs or alcohol during his signing period. He could not be sleep walking or hypnotized in
doing so.

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The Consequences of Keawlek’s Actions

Scholarship Civil Procedure


However, in the case that if the defendant (Keawlek) broke a clause or did not follow the
agreement voluntarily signed with the Ministry of Defense, regarding to the contract, Keawlek would
receive a scholarship from the government that provided with education fees and all kinds of
expenses used during studying aboard. In return, after finished studying Keawlek had to come back
to Thailand and work full time at the Ministry of Defense.
There were diverse cases that the plaintiff could file a lawsuit against the defendant.
First and foremost, during studying aboard if Keawlek did not study at the same university or
willing to change the faculty which was not the same as faculty included in the agreement made with
the Ministry of Defense in A-1, this would be considered as a breach of contract.
Second, during studying, Keawlek’s performance and behavior could be observed by the
student’s implied and intent actions. For example, Keawlek may have an implied action that the
defendant did not put all efforts on studying as much as possible, or Keawlek may have an intent
action to not pay attention on the subjects at all and to spend money irrationally on unnecessary
things such as Mp4 Players, Mobile Phone and some luxurious items. Therefore, as long as the
plaintiff could prove that the defendant had some kinds of bad behaviors, the plaintiff could consider
such actions as a breach of contract as well.
Third, after graduated from the university that the Ministry of Defense sent to study, if
Keawlek did not come back to Thailand in order to inform the Ministry of Defense within 15 days
after the graduated date onwards and get another job, this also could be considered as a breach of
contract.
More importantly, during studying aboard if Keawlek was in love with a person and later the
marriage was held, this could also be considered as a breach of contract.
Next, under the contract, it was clearly stated that after graduated, Keawlek had to work at
the Ministry of Defense at least 5 years or the time equal to more than twice time comparing to his
study aboard time. However, if the Keawlek quit the job before the time on the agreement or not
willing to work that long, this action would be considered as a breach of contract as well.
All in all, with the breach of contract, Keawlek as the defendant would need to return all the
left expenses made. To illustrate, if the contract stated that Keawlek had to work at the Ministry of
Defense for 7 years, but Keawlek did not want to do so, and decided to quit the job after working in

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five years, Keawlek had to pay back the remaining expenses which came from all expenses made
deducted with the time already worked for the Ministry of Defense.
In order for the plaintiff to file a lawsuit against the defendant, there are some simple steps to
do called legal process for the civil case. First of all, the plaintiff had to bring the case to the Court of
First Instance against the defendant with the written statement of claim. Under the Court of First
Instance, the plaintiff was also allowed to bring evidence and witnesses to support the case. The
second step was that the court would authoritatively call on the defendant to appear in a law court.
Consequently, the defendant needed to respond by sending the written answer back to the court
within 15 days. If the defendant is not able to answer which parts of the claim Keawlek admitted or
denied, this would allow the plaintiff to proceed with the case by themselves. On the other hand,
during answering, the defendant also had a right to counterclaim against the defendant, but the
content must be related to the case as well. Consequently, the plaintiff also had to file the answer to
the counterclaim within 15 days. After submission of all the documents, the court will decide the date
of hearing. Lastly, on the hearing date the court will judge the case. In the case of Keawlek and the
Ministry of Defense, it could imply that the plaintiff still not satisfied with the judgment, so the case
was brought to the Court of Appeal and later to the Supreme Court, which the judgment of this court
was to be final, meaning that both parties must accept the results.

Counterclaim
The counterclaim which was related to relevant matters in the complaint can possibly be
raised by the defendant against the plaintiff. The plaintiff would be requested to answer to the
counterclaim within 15 days after he/she has been properly served with the defendant’s answer. If
there is reasonable cause, these times can be extended, but only with the Court’s prior permission.
However, if the Court deems the counterclaims unrelated, the defendant would be ordered to bring a
separate action.
In this case, although the defendant had accepted the contract which was made against the
Ministry of Defense and that created only the little chance for the defendant to practice the
counterclaim, the defendant could still possibly do so. The possibility of obtaining the counterclaim
was that the defendant would have to present the evidence which could confirm the defendant’s
mislead or misunderstanding toward the particular contract, according to the civil and commercial
code. However, the chance of the effectively counterclaiming in this case is quite uncommon.
This matter was clearly seen as the defendant directly breached the contract and to be
judged guilty. However, the counterclaim was one of the ways to restore the reputation or the social
status of the defendant because when the person was put to be in the defendant position; the

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reputation of the person is already damaged as being guilty. The socio-psychological principle is
reversal to the legal principle in terms of proving the guilt. The legal principle states that the person
as the defendant, are not yet deserved the punishment until the person was proven to be guilty.
However, in socio-psychology, the defendant was believed to be guilty until he or she will be proved
to be innocent.
Moreover, the counterclaim could be hoped to also communicate that it was not just the
defendant who was deserved to be judged; the plaintiff could also be judged in the way that
somehow related to the damage of the defendant’s reputation or status. Especially in this case, the
counterclaim could be the strategy in attempting to invalidate the lost of reputation or reduce the
liability to repay the plaintiff in the case that the defendant was proved to be guilty.
Now you might see from several cases mentioned above that if Keawlek did not follow the
agreement, the agreement would be discharged by law and he had to come back to Thailand
immediately and repay three times the amount of the scholarship plus all expensed that he had
made during studying aboard to the Ministry of Defense. Moreover, under Civil Code Section 224
Clause 1 reported that the plaintiff has the right to charge interest rate 7.5% average percentage rate
on the principal amount that plaintiff gives to the defendants. To illustrate this, some numerical
numbers are assumed to explain this sentence more clearly. Assume that the amount of the
scholarship that the Ministry of Defense gave to Keawlek on 31 December 2005 was equivalent to 1
million Baht, and the period for studying aboard was 4 years. However, on 31 December 2009,
Keawlek’s graduated date, the student decided not to work with the Ministry of Defense. Hence, the
amount of money that Keawlek had to payback should be equal to the value of the scholarship in
year one times with 3 and plus with 7.5% of the interest rate on the amount of scholarship
compounding for four years. Thus, it should be equivalent to [(1,000,000×3) + 335,470] =

฿3,335,470.

However, according to Civil Code Section 383 clause 1, if the court considered that this
repayment amount was unreasonable, the court could adjust or reduce the amount of repayment by
considering the level of appropriateness.

For the further procedure of seizure, please refer to Appendix A-3.

Employment
In case that the defendant designed to work as the agreement stated, things that the
defendant needed to consider might be the work conditions. As the type of work of the defendant
was employment, the defendant should pay a lot attention on the employment contract which

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included the salary and the scope of work that the defendant had to do on the particular job,
meaning that the employee had to do a given task permanently on a regular basis, but the employer
would have the rights to have a controlling power over the employee, and the employer would have
to pay the employee the salary on a regular basis in return. Although, the given task might be
uncompleted, the employer still needed to pay salary to the employee. For example, if the employee
could not complete the given task by the due date, the employer still paid salary for the employee,
but the employer could complain or give employee a warning. But the employer would not be able
not to pay the employee because it is against the labor law.
For the working hours and over time, the labor law requires that the employer has to fix the
working hour to his employee. The normal working hours is eight hours a day or 48 hours a week
with one hour break per day or nine hour including one hour break. If Keawlek the employee had to
work beyond the normal time, the employer had to pay the over-time payment. The rate of over-time
payment is that if the employee work beyond the normal time on the normal working day, the rate is
to multiply 1.5 with normal rate. If the employee works on the holiday, the rate is to multiply 2.0 with
normal rate, and if the employee works overtime on the holiday, the rate is to multiply 3.0 with
normal rate. However, the employer could not force Keawlek as an employee to work overtime, so
the consent of working overtime is required.
For the holiday, the labor law stated that there is a fixed holiday which is 13 holidays at least,
and the employer needs to provide medical absence or sick leave to Keawlek as well.
There are several other things included in the employment contract which are no competition
with employer, confidentiality, and rules and regulation. For the no competition with employer issue,
it means that the employee must not act or do things as a competitor with the employer. For
example, the company sells item A, and the employee sells an item that is similar to item A. This is
an action that the employee act his/herself as a competitor to the company. Next is confidentiality. It
means that the employee must tell the company secret to no one. The example of company’s secret
is such as Beer formula, listing of customers, or trade secret. Last thing is about rules and
regulation. The employee must follow the company’s rules and regulation. If the employees do not
follow the rules and regulation, the company would have the right to terminate or give a warning to
that particular employee.
If there is a termination on the employee, the employee has the right to know the reason why
his/her is terminated. Also, the employer is required to give a letter of termination with specific
reason before terminate the employee. Moreover, the employment contract can be used to against
in the court if there is a case that the employee thinks that it is an unfair termination.

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The employment contract is can be made both verbally and in the written form, but in the real
world, the written form is used the most because the employment contract is help the clear the issue
that what is the thing that the employee has to do. Also, it helps to clear the work condition of the
employee. If this defendant decides to work in this company, he/she has to first talk about his/her
contract, condition, and benefit because all the benefits that he/she will receive could not be reduce
later. If the employer reduces the employee’s benefit, the employee can sue the employer.

Conclusion

From the case selected from one of the Supreme Court Opinions in 2005, this paper has
illustrated the basic understandings of business law by converting the case into the possible
scenario where we can explain using terms and concepts introduced by the course. We have started
from where the contract of obtaining scholarship was made between a party identified as Keawlek
and another party identified as the Ministry of Defense. The contract made was correctly followed
the concepts of Juristic Acts and thus obeyed the law or the Civil Commercial Code of Thailand.
Thus we could be further explained two more scenarios which were the case where Keawlek broke
any conditions stated in the contract and the case where Keawlek fulfilled all the conditions made in
the contract. In the first case where Keawlek breach the contract, we have discussed in the Civil
Procedure section that the Ministry of Defense who now became the plaintiff would file a lawsuit
against Keawlek as the defendant and that the defendant could make counterclaim against the
plaintiff. The second illustrated case, discussed in the Employment section, of which Keawlek
fulfilled all the conditions in the contract in which the applicant would come back to Thailand and
work full-time for the Ministry of Defense; here, there would be no lawsuits filed but the concerns of
being employed have been discussed of how an employee can be protected under the Labor
Protection Act B.E. 2541.
Regardless of the concepts and idea applied in the case above, the true final results from the
Supreme Court was to have Keawlek, the defendant, to pay fine and payment of all expenses, and
the plaintiff also had the right to calculate the payment appropriately for the Ministry of Finance with
the accrued interest of 7.5% annual.
According to Thailand Student Loan Organization Fund, there are more than 161,000
students that owed the organization costing approximately 15,000 million baht (cite). If the cases are
to bring to the court, it would be very costly for the organization. In considering the contracts and
law, the applicants should be careful before making engagement to avoid any lawsuits. If the person
thinks that they cannot fulfill the criteria, it is suggested to pay for their own rather than free scholar;

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otherwise, they have to be responsible for not being able to meet their obligations or even cause
troubles to the other party.

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References

http://www.thailawforum.com/supreme_court_opinions/2005compilation1.html
http://www.lawamendment.go.th/ow.asp?ID=4763
http://www.labour.go.th/law/law.html
http://www.mod.go.th/opp/
http://job-edu.esarnzing.com/tag/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A8

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Appendix

A-1: Ministry of Defense’s Scholarship Contract by the Acceptor


ข้าพเจ้าขอทำหนังสื อสัญญาฉบับนี้ ให้ไว้กบั กระทรวงกลาโหม มีขอ้ ความดังต่อไปนี้
ข้อ ๑ ตามที่ทางราชการส่ งข้าพเจ้าไปศึกษาในต่างประเทศ เพื่อศึกษาในสาขาวิชาหรื อหลักสู ตร
ระดับ ณ สถาบัน
ในประเทศ มีกำหนดเวลา ปี เดือน วัน นับตั้งแต่
วันที่ เดือน พ.ศ. นั้น ข้าพเจ้าได้รับทราบความระสงค์ของทางราชการแล้ว
ว่า ต้องการให้ข า้ พเจ้ากลับมาปฏิบตั ิราชการในกระทรวงกลาโหม ข้าพเจ้าขอสัญญาว่าในระหว่างที่ทางราชการ
กำหนดให้ศึกษาวิชาอยู่น้ ัน ข้าพเจ้าจะไม่ลาออกจากราชการหรื อโอนสังกัด หรื อบอกเลิกสัญญาฉบับนี้ เว้นแต่จะ
ได้รับอนุ ญาตจากกระทรวงกลาโหม
ข้อ ๒ ในระหว่างที่ขา้ พเจ้าศึกษาอยูใ่ นต่างประเทศนั้น ข้าพเจ้าจะประพฤติตนให้เรี ยบร้อยและปฏิบตั ิตามกฎ
ข้อบังคับ คำสั่ง ระเบียบ และแบบธรรมเนี ยมของทางราชการทุกประการ ทั้งจะพยายามพากเพียรและตั้งใจศึกษา
วิชาโดยเต็มสติปัญญาไม่เกียจคร้าน จะไม่ทำการสมรสในต่างประเทศโดยมิได้รับอนุญาตจากกระทรวงกลาโหม
ก่อน และจะไม่กระทำความผิดใด ๆ จนไม่สามารถศึกษาต่อไปได้หรื อเป็ นเหตุให้ทางราชการต้องบอกเลิกสัญญา
ฉบับนี้ หรื อปลดข้าพเจ้าออกจากราชการหรื อเรี ยกตัวกลับต้นสังกัด ข้าพเจ้าจักอยูใ่ นความควบคุมบังคับบัญชา ทั้ง
จักเชื่อฟังและประพฤติตามคำแนะนำของทูตไทยในประเทศที่ขา้ พเจ้ากำลังศึกษาอยู่ หรื อผูท้ ี่กระทรวงกลาโหม
มอบหมายให้บงั คับบัญชาทุกประการ
ข้อ ๓ เมื่อข้าพเจ้าได้ศึกษาสำเร็ จหรื อครบกำหนดเวลาตามที่กระทรวงกลาโหมกำหนดไว้แล้ว หรื อกระทรวง
กลาโหมให้ขา้ พเจ้าศึกษาต่อไปอีกเพียงใด หรื อข้าพเจ้าต้องยุติการศึกษาด้วยกรณี ใด ๆ ก็ตาม ข้าพเจ้าสัญญาว่าจะ
ต้องอยูร่ ับราชการในกระทรวงกลาโหมต่อไปอีก นับตั้งแต่วนั ที่มาปฏิบตั ิหน้าที่หลังจากการศึกษาคือ ถ้าได้ส่ ง
ข้าพเจ้าไปศึกษาในต่างประเทศ ไม่เกิน ๓ เดือน ต้องรับราชการต่อไปอีกไม่นอ้ ยกว่า ๑ ปี ถ้าได้ส่งข้าพเจ้าไปศึกษา
ในต่างประเทศ เกินกว่า ๓ เดือนแต่ไม่เกิน ๖ เดือน ต้องรับราชการต่อไปอีกไม่นอ้ ยกว่า ๒ ปี ถ้าได้ส่งข้าพเจ้าไป
ศึกษาในต่างประเทศ เกินกว่า ๖ เดือน ต้องรับราชการต่อไปอีกเป็ นเวลาไม่นอ้ ยกว่า ๒ เท่าของระยะเวลาที่ได้ส่ง
ข้าพเจ้าไปศึกษาในต่างประเทศ แต่ตอ้ งไม่นอ้ ยกว่า ๓ ปี หรื ออย่างสู งไม่เกิน ๑๐ ปี อีกทั้งข้าพเจ้าจะไม่ลาออกจาก
ราชการก่อนครบกำหนดที่กล่าวแล้ว หรื อจะไม่กระทำความผิดใด ๆ จนเป็ นเหตุให้ทางราชการต้องปลดข้าพเจ้า
ออกจากราชการ ในกรณี ที่รับราชการชดใช้ตามสัญญาฉบับอื่นยังไม่ครบกำหนดให้นบั ต่อจากวันครบกำหนดตาม
สัญญาฉบับนั้น ๆ เป็ นต้นไป แต่มิให้นบั เวลาที่ไปศึกษาในต่างประเทศเป็ นเวลารับราชการชดใช้
ข้อ ๔ ถ้ากระทรวงกลาโหมสั่งให้ขา้ พเจ้ากลับจากต่างประเทศไม่ว่ากรณี ใด ๆ ข้าพเจ้าจักต้องกลับทันทีและยอม
ให้ถือเสมือนว่าได้ศึกษาครบตามที่กระทรวงกลาโหมได้กำหนดไว้แล้ว และข้าพเจ้ายอมปฏิบตั ิตามสัญญาข้อ ๓ ทุก
ประการ
ข้อ ๕ หากข้าพเจ้าประพฤติผิดสัญญาฉบับนี้ ดว้ ยประการใด ๆ ข้าพเจ้ายินยอมให้ทางราชการเรี ยกตัวกลับหรื อ
ปลดข้าพเจ้าออกจากราชการได้ โดยทางราชการมิตอ้ งรับผิดในค่าเสี ยหายอย่างใด ๆ ทั้งข้าพเจ้ายอมชดใช้เงินให้แก่

15 
ICMB 341 Business Law Section 2

กระทรวงกลาโหมเป็ นจำนวน ๓ เท่าของเงินรายเดือน และค่าใช้จ่ายหรื อค่าเสี ยหายทั้งสิ้ นที่ได้จ่ายให้หรื อจ่ายแทน


ข้าพเจ้าเนื่ องในการศึกษานี้ จนครบถ้วนทันทีที่ทวงถาม เว้นแต่ในกรณี ที่ขา้ พเจ้าป่ วยโดยมิได้เกิดขึ้นเพราะความผิด
ของข้าพเจ้า ซึ่ งแพทย์ที่กระทรวงกลาโหมยอมรับไม่นอ้ ยกว่า ๓ นาย ได้ตรวจและรับรองว่าเป็ นผูไ้ ม่สามารถจะ
ประกอบกิจการเกี่ยวกับวิทยาการนั้นได้ และกระทรวงกลาโหมได้อนุญาตแล้ว หากข้าพเจ้าได้รับราชการไปบ้าง
แล้ว แต่ยงั ไม่ครบกำหนดตามสัญญาฉบับนี้ การชดใช้เงินย่อมลดลงตามส่ วน โดยชดใช้เฉพาะเวลารับราชการที่ยงั
ขาดอยู่ ซึ่ งเฉลี่ยจากจำนวนเงินที่จะต้องชดใช้ท้ งั หมดจนครบถ้วนทันทีที่ทวงถามเช่นกัน หากข้าพเจ้าได้เข้ารับ
ราชการให้ถือว่าสัญญานี้ คงมีผลบังคับใช้ได้ดงั เดิม
ข้อ ๖ ข้าพเจ้าขอรับรองว่าเป็ นผูม้ ีคุณสมบัติทวั่ ไปครบถ้วนอยูใ่ นหลักเกณฑ์ถูกต้องตามข้อบังคับกระทรวง
กลาโหมว่าด้วยการศึกษาในต่างประเทศทุกประการและจักไม่ร้องขอสิ ทธิ ใด ๆ ยิ่งกว่าที่ทางราชการกำหนดให้
ข้อ ๗ หากผูค้ ้ำประกันของข้าพเจ้าตามหนังสื อสัญญาฉบับนี้ ตาย หรื อสาบสู ญหรื อไร้ความสามารถ หรื อเสมือน
ไร้ความสามารถ หรื อลดสถานภาพ หรื อกระทรวงกลาโหมให้เปลี่ยน หรื อเพิ ่มผูค้ ้ำประกัน หรื อหลักทรัพย์ประกัน
ข้าพเจ้าจักแจ้งและจัดหาผูค้ ้ำประกันแทน หรื อเพิ่ม หรื อวางหลักทรัพย์ประกันเพิ่มภายใน ๖๐ วัน นับแต่ทราบเหตุ
หรื อรับแจ้ง
ข้าพเจ้าได้อ่านและเข้าใจข้อความในหนังสื อสัญญาฉบับนี้ โดยตลอดแล้ว จึงได้ลงลายมือชื่อไว้เป็ น สำคัญต่อหน้า
พยาน
(ลงลายมือชื่อ) ผูใ้ ห้สญ
ั ญา
( )
(ลงลายมือชื่อ) คู่สมรส/ผูแ้ ทนโดยชอบธรรม
( )
(ลงลายมือชื่อ) พยาน
( )
(ลงลายมือชื่อ) พยาน
( )

16 
ICMB 341 Business Law Section 2

A-2: Ministry of Defense’s Scholarship Contract by Others


ปรากฏตามสำเนาบัตรประจำตัว สำเนาทะเบียนบ้าน สำเนาทะเบียนสมรส หนังสื อยินยอมและหลักฐานอื่น ๆ ที่
แนบท้ายหนังสื อสัญญาฉบับนี้ ขอทำสัญญาค้ำประกันให้ไว้แก่กระทรวงกลาโหมดังข้อความต่อไปนี้
ข้อ ๑ ตามที่ ได้รับอนุมตั ิจากทางราชการให้ไปศึกษา ฝึ ก
อบรม ดูงาน ณ และได้ทำสัญญาไว้ต่อกระทรวงกลาโหมตาม
สัญญาฉบับ ลงวันที่ เดือน พ.ศ. นั้น ข้าพเจ้าได้ทราบและเข้าใจข้อความในสัญญาดังกล่าว
ดีโดยตลอดแล้ว จึงขอทำสัญญาค้ำประกันไว้ต่อกระทรวงกลาโหมว่า ถ้า

กระทำผิดสัญญาดังกล่าวไม่วา่ ข้อหนึ่งข้อใด ด้วยประการใด ๆ ข้าพเจ้ายินยอมชำระหนี้ ตามข้อผูกพันที่ระบุไว้ใน


สัญญาดังกล่าวนั้นทั้งสิ้ นทุกประการให้แก่กระทรวงกลาโหมทันที โดยกระทรวงกลาโหมจำต้องเรี ยกร้องให้
ชำระหนี้ก่อนและข้าพเจ้าจะรับผิดชอบตามสัญญานี้ ตลอด
ไปจนกว่าจะมีการชำระหนี้ ครบเต็มจำนวน
ในกรณี ที่ ได้รับอนุมตั ิจากทางราชการให้ขยายเวลาอยู่
ศึกษาฯ ต่อด้วยทุนหรื อเงินอื่นใดก็ตาม แม้การขยายเวลาอยู่ศึกษาฯ ต่อนั้น จะเป็ นการเปลี่ยนแปลงสาขาวิชา
ระดับการศึกษาฯ สถานศึกษาฯ หรื อประเทศที่ศึกษาฯ ไปจากเดิม และแม้ว ่าการขยายเวลาอยู่ศึกษาต่อนั้น
กระทรวงกลาโหมจะได้แจ้งหรื อมิได้แจ้งให้ข า้ พเจ้า ทราบก็ตาม ให้ถือว่าข้าพเจ้าตกลงรับเป็ นผูค้ ้ำประกัน
ต่อไปอีกตลอดช่วงระยะเวลาที่
ได้ขยายเวลาศึกษาฯ ต่อดังกล่าวด้วย และถ้า
กระทำผิดสัญญาดังกล่าว ไม่วา่ ข้อหนึ่งข้อใด ด้วยประการใด ๆ ข้าพเจ้ายินยอมชำระหนี้ตามข้อผูกพันที่ระบุ
ไว้ในสัญญาดังกล่าวนั้น ทั้งสิ้ นทุกประการให้แก่กระทรวงกลาโหมทันที โดยกระทรวงกลาโหมมิจำต้องเรี ยกร้องให้
ชำระหนี้ก่อน และข้าพเจ้าจะรับผิดชอบตามสัญญานี้ ตลอดไป จนกว่าจะมีการ
ชำระหนี้ครบเต็มจำนวน
ข้อ ๒ ในระหว่างเวลาที่ ศึกษาในต่างประเทศอยูน่ ้ นั ถ้า
ได้ทำหนี้สินเกิดขึ้นไม่วา่ กรณี ใด ๆ ข้าพเจ้ายินยอมชำระหนี้แทนให้ท้ งั สิ้ นแก่กระทรวงกลาโหม
ทันที โดยกระทรวงกลาโหมมิจำต้องเรี ยกร้องให้ ชำระหนี้ก่อน และข้าพเจ้าจะ
รับผิดชอบตลอดไปจนกว่าจะมีการชำระหนี้ครบเต็มจำนวน
ข้อ ๓ ไม่ว่าในกรณี ใด ๆ ที่กระทรวงกลาโหมผ่อนเวลาหรื อผ่อนจำนวนเงินในการชำระหนี้ ตามสัญญาดังกล่าว
ให้แก่ โดยจะได้แจ้งหรื อมิได้แจ้งให้ขา้ พเจ้าทราบก็ตาม ให้ถือว่าข้าพเจ้าได้
ตกลงยินยอมในการผ่อนเวลา หรื อผ่อนจำนวนเงินในการชำระหนี้ น้ นั ด้วยทุกครั้ง และข้าพเจ้ายอมมิให้เอาการผ่อน
เวลาหรื อผ่อนจำนวนเงินในการชำระหนี้ดงั กล่าวเป็ นเหตุปลดเปลื้องความรับผิดชอบของข้าพเจ้า และข้าพเจ้าจะรับ
ผิดชอบในฐานะผูค้ ้ำประกันตามสัญญานี้ ตลอดไปจนกว่าจะมีการชำระหนี้ครบเต็มจำนวน
ข้อ ๔ ข้าพเจ้าไม่พน้ จากความรับผิดชอบตามสัญญาค้ำประกันในกรณี ที่
ได้ทำสัญญาให้ไว้แก่กระทรวงกลาโหมโดยความสำคัญผิด หรื อมิได้เป็ นไปตามบทบัญญัติอนั ว่าด้วยความสามารถ
ของบุคคลตามกฎหมาย หรื อเจ้าหนี้ ยอมผ่อนเวลาให้
ข้อ ๕ ข้าพเจ้าจะไม่เพิกถอนการค้ำประกันในระหว่างที่

17 
ICMB 341 Business Law Section 2

ต้องรับผิดชอบอยูต่ ามเงื่อนไขในสัญญาลาศึกษา ฝึ กอบรม ดูงาน ตามที่ระบุไว้ในสัญญาดังกล่าว


ข้อ ๖ ข้าพเจ้ามีรายได้และทรัพย์สินมีมูลค่าไม่ต ่ำกว่าจำนวนเงินที่จะต้องชดใช้ให้แก่ทางราชการซึ่งมีหลักฐาน
การประเมินราคาหลักทรัพย์จากทางราชการที่เกี่ยวข้อง ตามบัญชีทา้ ยสัญญานี้ โดยปลอดภาระผูกพันใด ๆ ใน
ทรัพย์สิ นนี้ ตลอดระยะเวลาที่สัญญาค้ำประกันฉบับนี้ ยงั คงมีผลใช้บงั คับอยู่ เว้นแต่จะได้รับความยินยอมเป็ น
หนังสื อจากกระทรวงกลาโหม

ข้าพเจ้าได้อ่านและเข้าใจข้อความในสัญญาค้ำประกันนี้ โดยตลอดแล้ว จึงลงลายมือชื่อไว้เป็ นสำคัญต่อหน้าพยาน

(ลงลายมือชื่อ) ผูค้ ้ำประกัน


( )
(ลงลายมือชื่อ) คู่สมรส/ผูแ้ ทนโดยชอบธรรม
( )
(ลงลายมือชื่อ) พยาน
( )
(ลงลายมือชื่อ) พยาน
( )

18 
ICMB 341 Business Law Section 2

A-3: The Legal Execution Procedure of Seizure in Civil Case

19 

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