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About the author Li Peiwea

at the Sino-Japanese lend +1
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Management of Cancer
with Chinese Medicine
Biographical details

Professor Li Peiwen graduated in 1967 from Beijing University of Medicine with a Bachelor of Medicine degree .
From 1968 to 1978, he worked as a researcher at Xinjiang Materia Medica Institute investigating the use of Chinese
materia medica in the prevention and treatment of cancer . From 1978 to 1981, he attended Guang'anmen Hospital of
the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, majoring in Oncology in Traditional Chinese Medicine, and
graduating with a master's degree . From 1981 to 1984, he was a doctor in the Oncology Department of Guang'anmen
Hospital . Since 1984, Professor Li has been Chief Doctor and Director of the TCM Oncology Department at the Sino-
Japanese Friendship Hospital, Beijing, and a supervisor of Ph .D . students . He is Vice-Chairman of the Chinese
Association of Oncology in Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine .
Professor Li has accumulated 35 years of clinical and research experience in the application of integrated Chinese
and Western medicine in the prevention and treatment of cancer and the side-effects caused by chemotherapy and
radiotherapy. He was the first TCM doctor to trial the external use of Chinese materia medica in the treatment of
malignant tumors for cancer patients . His publications include New Strategies in Combining Chinese and Western Medicine in
the Management of Cancer, Clinical Oncology with Combined Chinese and Western Medicine and Treatment of Cancer Complications and
he has contributed extensively to medical journals in his specialist subject .

Cheng Zhiqiang graduated in 1995 from Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine with a Bachelor of
Medicine degree . From 1995 to 1996, he worked as a clinical doctor at Dong Zhi Men Hospital affiliated to Beijing
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine . From 1996 to 1999, he attended Fujian College of Traditional Chinese
Medicine, graduating with a master's degree . From 1999 to 2002, he undertook a doctorate degree at the Sino Japanese
Friendship Hospital in Beijing, majoring in Oncology in Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine . Since
then he has worked in the TCM oncology department at the hospital .

Du Xiuping graduated in 1982 from Yangzhou University of Medicine with a Bachelor of Medicine degree. From
1982 to 1987, he worked as an internal medicine doctor in the Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu Salt Company . From 1987
to 1990, he attended Shanxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, majoring in Oncology in Combined Traditional
Chinese and Western Medicine and graduating with a master's degree . From 1990 to 1998, he was deputy director of
the Internal Medicine Department at the Oncology Institute of Xuzhou College of Medicine. From 1999 to 2002, he
undertook a doctorate degree at the Sino Japanese Friendship Hospital in Beijing, majoring in Oncology in Combined
Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine . He is now chief doctor and vice professor and Director of the Oncology
Institute of Xuzhou College of Medicine .

Mao Shuzhang, now retired, graduated from Tongji Medical University, Hubei, and was Professor of Microbiology at
Peking Union Hospital. He has translated a number of books on Western medicine and TCM and is a key translator of
the journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine published by the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine .
Bao Liling, also now retired, graduated from Peking Union Medical College in 1955 . She was Professor and Chief
Doctor of the Ophthalmology Department of Peking Union Hospital and Shanxi Medical University.

Trina Ward, with a background in anthropology, started studying Chinese medicine in Australia in 1988 and graduated
in 1992 after completing an internship at the Shu Guang Hospital in Shanghai and studying Chinese at Feng Chia
University, Taiwan . A member of the British Acupuncture Council (MBAcC) and Register of Chinese Herbal Medicine
(MRCHM), she has worked in the UK on the Council of the RCHM as Research Officer . In 2002, she completed an
MPhil at Exeter University on safety aspects of Chinese herbal medicine . Practicing in London alongside Western
doctors, she is keen to promote the integration of Chinese medicine with Western medicine .
tine degree .
of Chinese
Hospital of
edicine, and
uang'anmen
at the Sino-
the Chinese
Management of Cancer
-red Chinese
therapy and
reatment of
e Medicine in
with Chinese Medicine
tlications and

Bachelor of
Written by
d to Beijing
-nal Chinese Li Peiwen
no Japanese Chief Doctor and Director of the TCM Oncology Department,
iicine . Since Sino Japanese Friendship Hospital, Beijing

Cheng Zhiqiang
egree. From Du Xi ping
. From 1987
1 Traditional
director of Translated by
to 2002, he Mao Shuzhang
a Combined
Bao i "fling
to Oncology

Foreword by
:robiology at Giovanni Maciocia CAc (Nanjing)
translator of

)r and Chief Subject editor

Trina Ward MPhil, BSc (Hons), MRCHM, MBAcC

id graduated
t Feng Chia
Medical consultant
gal Medicine Robert J Dickie FRCGP, DRCOG, BMedBiol
ompleted an
ide Western

Donica Publishing Ltd

 treatment,

Contents
;ary . The
iformation
.formation,
andards of

id usage of
can accept
cage of any
he material

electronic,
Contributors ix
or in any Acknowledgments xi
from the
AL3 5EX, Foreword xiu
Subject editor's preface
Author's preface xvii

Chapter 1 The origin and development of oncology theory in

Traditional Chinese Medicine 1

Origin of oncology theory 3

TCM oncology theory in the Jin, Sui and Tang dynasties 5
TCM oncology theory from the Song to the Qing dynasties 7
Integration of TCM with Western medicine in the treatment of cancer 15

Chapter 2 Etiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of

tumors in Traditional Chinese Medicine 17

Etiology andpathology of tumors 19

Diagnosis and treatment of tumors 29
Basic principles 29
Common methods of treating tumors with Chinese medicine 32
The role of Chinese medicine in cancer treatment strategies 47

Chapter 3 The role of Chinese medicine in dealing with the

side-effects of cancer treatment 51
Introduction 53
 CONTENTS

Chinese medicine as a supplementary therapy to surgery, chemother-

apy and radiotherapy 55
Surgery 55
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy 62
Chinese medicine in treatment strategies for radiotherapy and chemo-
therapy 69
Preventive measures 69
Chemotherapy 70
Radiotherapy 78

Chapter 4 Chinese medicine in the treatment of common side-

effects caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy 85

Bone marrow suppression 87

Damage to liver function 103
Damage to renal function 115
Radiation pneumonitis 125
Cardiotoxicity 137
Radiation cystitis 145
Radiation proctitis 151
Nausea and vomiting 159
Anorexia 177
Dry mouth and tongue and mouth ulcers 189
Hair loss 201

Chapter 5 Treatment of complications commonly associated

with cancer 209

Pain 211
Headache 216
Chest pain 221
Abdominal pain 225
Pain in the hypochondrium 228
Lower back pain 232
Brachial plexus neuralgia 237
 CONTENTS

Pain after amputation 237

Fever 243
Jaundice 253
Profuse sweating 263
Hemorrhage 271
Hemoptysis 272
Hematemesis 278
Hernafecia 284
Hematuria 287
Pleural effusion 293
Ascites 303
Menstrual disorders 309
Profuse, early and prolonged menstruation 310
Delayed menstruation and menstrual block 318
Constipation 325
Skin ulcers 333

Chapter 6 Qigong therapy 339

Principles of Qigong in Traditional Chinese Medicine 341

Commonly used Qigong exercises for cancer patients 342
Strengthening Qigong 342
Inner-nourishing Qigong 344
Lung-regulating, white-preserving and Lung-boosting Qigong 347
Acupressure and massage Qigong 347
Relaxation Qigong 348
Basic principles for practicing Qigong and advice for the patient 349

Chapter 7 Diet therapy 351

Diet therapy in cancer treatment strategies 353

Selection of diet 356

Foods and matena medica used as food in the management of cancer 359


viii CONTENTS

Selected recipes suitable for use in the management of cancer 366

Beverages 366
Soups 371
Congees 385
Main dishes 400

Chapter 8 Chinese medicine and the management of cancer :

Clinical experience and case studies 409

Nasopharyngeal cancer 411

Esophageal cancer 425
Breast cancer 435
Lung cancer 449
Liver cancer 473
Stomach cancer 483
Colorectal cancer 501
Ovarian cancer 513
Cervical cancer 523
Bladder cancer 531
Prostate cancer 539

Less common materia medica used in treating cancer 547

TCM formulae used in treating cancer 557
Selective glossary of TCM terms used 569

Bibliography 573
Index 577


Contributors

Chief editor :
Li Peiwen (4F*jC)

Associate editors :
Cheng Zhiqiang ( ~, )
Du Xiuping (±* I')

Committee members :
Hao Yingxu ((iT)g)
Huang Jinchang (*kR)
Jia Liqun ( A )
Li Liya (4A W)
Li Xue *)
Tan Huangying ( O)
Tong Ling (RLf~)
Wang Ruipin g (T-WI)
Yu T.ii i (-T4ijrij)
Zhu Shijie (5 + )
 Acknowledgments

This book could not have been written without the constant help and encouragement of
my teachers, colleagues and friends .
Every book is a collaborative effort and this one is no exception . I am deeply indebted
to Cheng Zhiqiang and Du Xiuping for their able assistance in researching the material for
this book, and to their fellow members of the editorial committee from the Sino Japanese
Friendship Hospital in Beijing - Hao Yingxu, Huang Jinchang, Jia Liqun, Li Liya, Li Xue,
Tan Huangying, Tong Ling, Wang Ruiping, Yu Lili, and Zhu Shijie .
My thanks are extended to my colleagues Zhang Daizhao, Liu Weisheng, Gu Zhendong,
Liao Jinbiao, Wang Jinhong, Shi Yulin, Zheng Sunrno, Yu Rencun, Sun Guizhi, Zhang
Mengnong, and Sun Bingyan, for allowing their clinical experience and case histories to be
used in this book.
I am also very grateful to Mr. Giovanni Maciocia for kindly agreeing to write a foreword
to this volume.
In addition, this book could not have been compiled without the assistance of my
translators Mao Shuzhang and Bao Libng. Wang Wei provided invaluable help in the acu-
puncture sections of the book and my colleagues in the UK, Trina Ward and Dr . Robert
Dickie, made a major contribution to the final English-language version .
Last but certainly not least, without the unstinting energy, support and assistance of
Yanping Li at Donica Publishing, this book could never have been completed in its present
form .
To all of them, I express my heartfelt gratitude .

This book is dedicated to all health professionals around the world involved in the
unremitting fight against cancer .
 Foreword

One of the greatest qualities of Chinese medicine is its degree of adaptability . The flexi-
bility offered by diagnosis based on pattern identification enables us to diagnose and treat
modern diseases caused by the Western lifestyle with its stress, unbalanced diet and over-
work. Although cancer has always accompanied humankind in its evolutionary process, its
prevalence has increased dramatically in recent decades partly due to a longer life expec-
tancy and partly due to emotional stress, irregular diet and exposure to cancer-inducing
chemicals in food and in the environment .
Even though the term cancer (az) cannot be found in the ancient writings on Chinese
medicine, there are many other terms that clinically correspond to cancer . Professor Li
provides us with a fascinating historical introduction tracing how doctors in past genera-
tions dealt with the problem of treating cancer in their patients . I personally have had a
deep interest in treating patients with cancer for the past 20 years . Over the years, I have
come to see that Chinese medicine has a great deal to offer in the treatment of such a
major source of morbidity and mortality in Western countries .
The treatment of cancer must be based on traditional pattern identification, but it also
requires a new thinking and new approach . To give a simple example with regard to diag-
nosis, "cancer" could only be diagnosed in ancient times when it gave rise to a palpable
mass . If the mass was very small and not palpable, an ancient doctor could not have diag-
nosed it . Modern diagnostic techniques allow us to diagnose (and therefore treat) "masses"
before they are palpable : a small fibroadenoma revealed by mammogram and a small
myoma revealed by a CT scan are good examples . On the other hand, some "cancers"
should be diagnosed, interpreted and treated from the Chinese medicine perspective : for
example, leukemia, while it is considered a form of cancer in Western medicine, it is actu-
ally considered a form of infection (of the Latent Heat type) in Chinese medicine .'
Chinese medicine has a great deal to offer in the treatment of cancer in three major
ways : it can be used to "attack" the cancer itself, it can be used effectively in conjunction
with Western treatments, and it can be used to alleviate the side-effects of chemotherapy
and radiotherapy. Moreover, Chinese medicine sheds light on the etiology and prevention
of cancer, particularly through the practice of Qigong .
It is generally recognized in modern China that the techniques of Western biomedicine
(essentially surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) are more effective than Chinese medi-
cine in eliminating cancer and restricting the growth and metastasis of tumors . However,
Western treatments of cancer are frequently toxic and have adverse side-effects (particu-
larly when chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used) . As any practitioner who has treated a
patient undergoing radiotherapy or chemotherapy will know, the side-effects of these
treatments can be devastating and profoundly damaging to Qi, Blood and Essence : quite
often, the "cure" literally seems to be worse than the disease itself .
This is where Chinese medicine comes into its own : when used in conjunction with
Western medicine, it has an essential role to play in restoring the body's balance, stren
ening the immune system, reducing the side-effects of these more drastic treatment
xiv FOREWORD
methods and enabling the courses to be completed, thus generally allowing cancer patients to live a full life
longer than would otherwise have been the case. The use of Chinese medicine to improve the quality of life
of cancer patients and keep them strong enough to fight against the disease is amply described in this book .
Time and again in my practice, I have seen cancer patients whose chances of survival have been more or
less written off by their specialists . Treating them with Chinese medicine has enabled them to gain strength
to fight back, to withstand the rigors of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prolong their life.
Professor Li was trained in both Chinese and Western medicine and has been Chief Doctor and Director
of the TCM Oncology Department at the Sino Japanese Hospital, Beijing, since 1984 . His wide-ranging
experience has allowed him to give a detailed differentiation and identification of the various patterns en-
countered in dealing with cancer and its treatment, while providing enough Western medical background to
enable practitioners of Chinese medicine to communicate with Western doctors for the benefit of cancer
patients . At the same time, he has not neglected the case histories and more research-oriented clinical ob-
servations of some of his colleagues, providing an insight into the type of modern studies being carried out
in China today in relation to cancer and the role of Chinese medicine in its treatment .
Although the medical treatment of cancer is of course of paramount importance, patients also generally
want to be empowered and take responsibility for their own health . The author has therefore included two
chapters on Qigong and diet therapy to offer an all-round approach to the management of cancer with
Chinese medicine, making this book an important contribution to the use of Chinese medicine in the
treatment of cancer .
I can thoroughly recommend the Management of Cancer with Chinese Medicine to all practitioners of Chinese
medicine ; I also hope that it will find a wider audience among other health professionals so that the benefits
of Chinese medicine can be offered to as many cancer patients as possible .

Giovanni Maciocia
Amersham 2003

Sun Jiyuan, A Probing into the Treatment of Leukemia with Traditional Chinese Medicine (Hong Kong: Hai Feng Publish-
ing Co ., 1990) .
live a full life
Iuality of life Subject editor's pre ace
in this book.
)een more or
gain strength
fe.
and Director
wide-ranging
patterns en-
ickground to
fit of cancer
I clinical ob-
.g carried out Translation of this text adds significantly to the resources available to English speakers
practicing Chinese medicine . Not only do we have access to Professor Li's wealth of clini-
iso generally cal experience, but several other eminent Chinese doctors have added their preferred
included two approaches, giving a depth of knowledge unrivalled elsewhere .
cancer with Even for those not directly involved in oncology, this book will be of considerable
±icine in the interest as there are many levels of useful information that will benefit practitioners and
students throughout their practice. These include detailed explanations of the functions of
s of Chinese materia medics, how to modify classical formulae through addition and subtraction, and
t the benefits thorough descriptions of the etiology of patterns and when to choose which modality -
acupuncture, materia medica, Qigong, or diet therapy. Explanation of the varying role of
each may inspire acupuncturists to expand their repertoire by studying Chinese herbal
medicine. In addition, several less well-known herbs are introduced and thorough indexes
and appendices enhance the usability of the book .
For those actually working in the field of oncology, this book clearly lays out protocols
of when and how to work in a totally integrated way alongside Western doctors . Few areas
of practice offer the opportunity for such integration and there are few books that
approach the practice of Chinese medicine from an integrated basis as thoroughly as this
one does and are laid out so clearly in a reader-sensitive way.
Feng Publish- The inclusion of orthodox treatments and scientific explanations opens up the oppor-
tunity for dialogue between the professions. The addition of clinical outcome and com-
parative studies provides the first level of information from which future clinical trials
could be based, whilst also providing valuable prognostic indicators .
Whilst largely following the use of Wiseman's standar dized terminology, there are cer-
tain terms that prove extremely awkward to use in English and other terms that the author
found needed modifying for clarity, hence the publishers with my support have changed a
few terms . Whilst a standardized text is extremely useful in translating the full subtleties of
Chinese medicine it will inevitably evolve and change and the suggestions here may
become part of that evolution .
As the editor of this book, it is my hope that it will benefit my fellow practitioners and
more importantly allow them to pass this benefit on to those most in need - their cancer
patients. I am grateful to the author for giving me the opportunity to be involved in this
project .


Author's pre ace

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 10 million people world-
wide are diagnosed with cancer every year, and more than 6 million die from cancer . It is
projected that in the next 20 years these numbers will increase by 50% .
Cancer diagnosis is the first step to cancer management . This involves a combination of
careful clinical assessment and diagnostic investigations including endoscopy, imaging,
histopathology, cytology, and laboratory studies . Once a diagnosis is confirmed, it is neces-
sary to ascertain cancer staging, where the main goals are to aid in the choice of therapy
and estimate a prognosis .
The primary objectives of cancer treatment are cure, prolongation of life and improve-
ment of the quality of life . Treatment with Western medicine may involve surgery, radia-
tion therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or some combination of these .
However, the adverse side-effects produced by radiotherapy and chemotherapy present a
major problem in clinical practice. Some patients have to suspend the treatment because
these side-effects are too severe to tolerate . Therefore, an effective way to minimize such
reactions while maintaining the treatment is an urgent issue requiring resolution in order to
improve the quality of life during the survival period .
Traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese materia medica have produced extremely
promising results in dealing with the adverse side-effects and complications occurring dur-
ing radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The rich treasury of knowledge and experience
bequeathed to us has spurred me on to compile this book to present current approaches
involving the use of Chinese medicine in the treatment of cancer complications and
commonly seen side-effects occurring as a result of radiotherapy and chemotherapy .
My experience in China over the past 35 years and that of thousands of my colleagues
in hospitals all over the country suggests that integrating the principles and practice of
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) into an overall cancer management strategy signifi-
cantly increases the ability of patients to withstand the side-effects of treatment with
Western medicine methods and drugs, improves the quality of life and extends the survival
period.
The increasing popularity of TCM in countries outside China offers us the chance to
work together with other treatments to help cancer patients in their fight against the dis-
ease. It is my hope that this book will help to expand the use of TCM for the benefit of
cancer patients and the health system in general .

CANCER STATISTICS 4„
A general idea of the scale of the danger to health posed by cancer can be gathered from
Tables 1 to 5-4 below extracted from GLOBOCAN 2000 : Cancer Incidence, Mortality and
Prevalence Worldwide, Version 1 .0., IARC CancerBase No. 5, Lyon, IARCPress, 2001
(www.iarc .fr).


Table 1 Male age standards jed incidence and death rates Table 2 Female age standardized incidence and death rates
per 100, 000 population for cancer 1997 (world) per 100,000 population for cancer 1997 (world)

Cancer Incidence Death Cancer Incidence Death

All sites except skin 201 .90 134.44 All sites except skin 157 .84 88 .30
Lung 34 .92 31 .43 Breast 35 .66 12.51
Stomach 21 .46 15 .62 Cervix uteri 16.12 7 .99
Prostate 21 .23 7.95 Coln/rectum 14.44 7 .58
Coln/rectum 19 .11 9.78 Lung 11 .05 9 .53
Liver 14.97 14 .41 Stomach 10.38 7 .81
Esophagus 10 .76 8 .78 Ovary 6.50 3 .82
Bladder 10 .00 3 .83 Corpus uteri 6.40 1 .45
Oral cavity 6 .42 3 .09 Liver 5 .51 5 .46
Non-Hodgkin's 6 .10 3 .44 Esophagus 4 .45 3 .65
lymphoma Non-Hodgkin's 3 .97 2.21
Larynx 5.48 3 .04 lymphoma
Leukemia 5.16 3 .93 Leukemia 3 .74 2.82
Kidney 4.50 2.18 Oral cavity 3 .27 1 .59
Pancreas 4 .46 4.33 Pancreas 3 .24 3.05
Other pharynx 3 .83 2.44 Thyroid 3 .00 0.57
Brain, nervous 3 .59 2.61 Brain, nervous system 2 .54 1 .88
system Bladder 2 .44 1 .05
Melanoma of skin 2 .40 0.75 Kidney 2.34 1 .11
Nasopharynx 1 .66 0.98 Melanoma of skin 2.21 0.56
Testis 1 .56 0.29 Multiple myeloma 1 .12 0.87
Multiple myeloma 1 .51 1 .17 Hodgkin's disease 0.78 0 .30
Hodgkin's disease 1 .29 0 .55 Larynx 0.65 0 .35
Thyroid 1 .18 0 .33 Nasopharynx 0.64 0 .38

Table 3 Age standardized incidence rates for cancer 1997 - Table 4 Age standardized mortality rates for cancer 1997 -
incidence ratesfor all cancersfor all ages per 100,000 population death rates from all cancersfor all ages per 100,000p opulation

Country Male Female Country Male Female

China 187 118 China 143 77

United States 361 263 United States 162 116
United Kingdom 260 234 United Kingdom 171 128
France 343 220 France 201 98
Germany 312 235 Germany 177 117
Russian Federation 300 194 Russian Federation 211 101


AUTHOR'S PREFACE xix

Table 5 Top 12 cancers by country 1997 (excluding melanoma and leukemia) : Age standardised rates per 100,000 population (esti-
ieath rates mates)

Table 5-1 CHINA Table 5-2 UNITED STATES

Death
Male Female Male Female
88 .30 Cancer Incidence Cancer Incidence
Cancer Incidence Cancer Incidence
12.51
7 .99 Lung 38 .5 Stomach 17 .5 Prostate 140.8 Breast 91 .4
7.58 liver 35 .2 Breast 16.4 Lung 78.4 Lung 34 .0
9 .53 Stomach 33 .3 Lung 15.7 Coln/rectum 54.6 Coln/rectum 30 .7
7 .81 Esophagus 22.5 Liver 13.3 Bladder 31 .9 Corpus uteri 15 .5
3 .82 Coln/rectum 12.2 Esophagus 10.9 Non-Hodgkin's 20.5 Non-Hodgkin's 10 .9
1 .45 Bladder 3 .9 Coln/rectum 9 .8 Kidney 14.2 Ovary 10 .6
5 .46 Brain, nervous 3.6 Cervix uteri 5 .2 Pancreas 10 .9 Cervix uteri 7 .8
3 .65 Pancreas 3.4 Ovary 3 .2 Stomach 10 .1 Pancreas 6 .3
2.21 Nasopharynx 3.0 Brain, nervous 2 .8 Oral cavity 8 .0 Thyroid 6 .2
Non-Hodgkin's 2 .9 Pancreas 2 .6 Brain, nervous 7 .5 Kidney 6 .0
2.82 Prostate 1 .7 Corpus uteri 2 .2 Larynx 6 .9 Bladder 5 .4
1 .59 larynx 1 .7 Thyroid 1 .6 Esophagus 6 .4 Brain, nervous 4.4
3 .05
0 .57 Table 5-4 WESTERN EUROPE (France, Germany,
1 .88 Table 5-3 UNI i J D KINGDOM Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Switzerland)
1 .05
1 .11 Male Female Male Female
0.56
Cancer Incidence Cancer Incidence Cancer Incidence Cancer Incidence
0.87
Breast 74 .9 Prostate 55 .0 Breast 78.2
0.30 _lung 47 .6
29.4
I

0.35 Prostate 40 .2 Coln/rectum 25 .3 Lung 53 .2 Coln/rectum

0 .38 Coln/rectum 35 .4 Lung 21 .8 Coln/rectum 42.1 Ovary 11 .1
Bladder 19 .2 Ovary 12 .2 Bladder 20 .0 Corpus uteri 10.9
Stomach 12 .4 Cervix uteri 9 .3 Stomach 13 .8 Lung 10.7
cancer 1997 - Non-Hodgkin's 10 .4 Corpus uteri 9 .2 Oral cavity 12 .6 Cervix uteri 10.4
0 population Isophagus 8 .9 Non-Hodgkin's 7 .0 Kidney 11 .7 Non-Hodgkin's 7.1
Kidney 7 .5 Bladder 6 .0 Non-Hodgkin's 11 .1 Stomach 7.0
Female Brain, nervous 6 .4 Stomach 5 .5 Other pharynx 10 .6 Kidney 5.4
creas 6 .2 Pancreas 4 .9 Larynx 8 .2 Brain 4.6
77 tis 5 .6 Brain 4 .4 Esophagus 7 .7 Pancreas 4.6
116 lynx 4.2 Esophagus 4 .2 Testis 7 .3 Thyroid 4.4
128
98
117
The higher incidence of liver, stomach and eso- patients by supplementing Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) to
101
phageal cancer in men and women in China com- reinforce their immune system and thus help their
pared with the other countries listed and the lower bodies to fight against the cancer
relative incidence there of prostate cancer in men
and colorectal cancer in men and women indicate Compilation principles

that there are still differences in the type of cancers

most prevalent in different countries. This book is aimed at all health professionals,
Despite these differences, treatment with Chinese whether their main specialty is Western medicine or
medicine by pattern identification will benefit cancer TCM . As stated in the book, my experience is that
xx AUTHOR'S PREFACE
both types of medicine have their particular advan-
tages in the treatment or management of cancer,
but the best results are achieved when the two are
used in combination in an integrated treatment
strategy.
Although this is essentially a TCM book, it is
hoped that practitioners of Western medicine will
find much to think about as they seek to find the
best options for treating their cancer patients . TCM
practitioners will already be aware of the benefits of
using Chinese medicine to alleviate the side-effects
of Western medicine treatment methods, but this
book should extend their range of possibilities.
After a short historical introduction, the book
starts with a detailed discussion of the etiology and
pathology of cancer as viewed by Chinese medicine .
It then goes on to detail the basic treatment princi-
ples now applied by TCM in managing cancer.
Although herbal medicine will often take on the
major role, acupuncture also has a significant part to
play and this is made clear in the section on com-
mon treatment methods . In China, a course of
acupuncture treatment would normally be given on
a daily basis . This may be possible in other countries
in a hospital or hospice context ; treatment at greater
intervals is also perfectly feasible, although the
effects may take longer to appear .
The book then focuses on how Chinese medicine
deals with the side-effects of surgery, radiotherapy
and chemotherapy employed in the treatment of
cancer. Chapter 3 looks at general principles (mainly
those used in supporting Vital Qi and cultivating the
Root), whereas Chapter 4 deals with a number of
side-effects commonly seen with radiotherapy and
chemotherapy.
In so doing, the book attempts to offer clear
identification of patterns, treatment principles and
formulae used . The main symptoms and signs of
each pattern are listed, and an explanation is given
of the materia medica used in each prescription
formula. Unless otherwise stated, a prescription is
prepared by using one bag of ingredients per day
and boiling twice in one liter of water to produce a
decoction taken twice a day .
Since Chinese medicine is pattern-based, the skill
of the practitioner lies in correct pattern identifica-
tion and modification of the prescription to take
account of the individual characteristics and clinical
manifestations of each patient . It is impossible to
cover all the possibilities in this book, but a few
common modifications are presented .
A major feature of these two chapters is the in-
clusion of a number of clinical observation reports .
These are intended as a guide to practitioners and to
stimulate their thought processes . We have generally
preferred not to include laboratory studies, focusing
instead on formulae or methods that can be em-
ployed on a daily basis in the clinic so as to provide
practitioners with a more practical approach . As far
as possible, we have used more recent studies as
they are generally better structured . However, it
should be borne in mind that they may not always
be considered as meeting the criteria of Western
medical research ; they should therefore be viewed as
useful pointers rather than as hard-and-fast rules .
The book then focuses on some of the common
complications seen in patients with cancer . Here
again, full pattern identification, treatment principles
and formulae with explanations will be found . As in
many Western medicine books, the complications
themselves can often be treated by methods used
for the same complaint in other illnesses ; many
others are specifically related to various cancers.
Although practitioners can do much to help
patients with cancer, patients can also help them-
selves . The next two chapters, on Qigong and diet
therapy, are designed to allow patients to take more
responsibility for their own health . Practitioners can
provide guidance on these two aspects and encour-
age patients to exercise regularly and eat healthily .
In the final chapter, the book looks at eleven
types of solid-tumor cancer and proposes a variety
of methods to assist in treatment of the cancer
itself and in alleviation of the side-effects of surgery,
radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This part of the
book broadens the outlook to include the clinical
experiences and case histories of a number of lead-
ing Chinese TCM doctors specializing in the man-
agement of cancer . As a result, practitioners can see
the effect of different approaches and take them
into consideration in their own practice .
The book therefore offers a balanced range of
treatment options for use in the management of
cancer, incorporating herbal medicine, acupuncture,
 AUTHOR'S PREFACE xxi

and clinical Qigong and diet therapy. In my experience, offering (all trade of wild species banned) and Appendix II
ipossible to this range to cancer patients usually brings about a (trade allowable with appropriate permits) of the
but a few major improvement in their quality of life and Convention on International Trade in Endangered
enables them to fight against their illness with more Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CUES) are
rs is the in- determination. marked with an asterisk (*), as are other materia
ion reports. medica subject to restrictions or bans in certain
>ners and to countries as a result of their toxicity. Other animal
ve generally A note on names and legal status and mineral materia medica are marked with the
es, focusing symbol t ; in some countries, these substances cannot
Acupuncture points are designated by the letter and
can be em- be sold in unlicensed medical preparations as herbs .
to provide number coding used in the National Acupuncture
Readers should consult the appropriate authori-
)ach. As far Points Standard of the People's Republic of China
issued by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision . ties in their own countries for the latest develop-
t studies as ments . Inclusion of materia medica in this book
lowever, it Materia medica are referred to throughout the
does not imply that their use is permitted in all
not always book by their Chinese name in pinyin and their countries and in all circumstances .
of Western pharmaceutical name in Latin . Different practitio-
Certain materia medica coming under these
,e viewed as ners are used to different naming systems ; however,
categories are used regularly in China to treat cancer
ast rules. by offering both pinyin and Latin, identification of patients, notably Bie Jia* (Carapax Amydae Sinensis)
he common the materia medica should be clear. and E Jiaol (Gelatinum Corii Asini). Where possible,
ancer. Here It is important at this point to draw readers' alternative materia medica have been substituted in
at principles attention to the legal status of certain of the herbs prescriptions or potential substitutes suggested.
found. As in included in this book. Although they are all available However, no alterations to formulae in clinical ob-
)mplications in China, a few herbs are subject to export restric- servation reports or case histories have been under-
ethods used tions and others are considered too toxic for use in taken out of respect for the original authors' work .
°sses ; many some Western countries. The situation regarding
:ancers. restrictions and bans tends to change over time and Li Peiwen
ich to help from country to country. TCM Oncology Department, Sino Japanese Friend-
help them- Materia medica that are included in Appendix I ship Hospital, Beijing, June 2003
,ng and diet
o take more
titioners can
and encour-
healthily.
~s at eleven
ses a variety
the cancer
=s of surgery,
part of the
the clinical
ber of lead-
in the man-
ners can see
I take them

ztd range of
agement of
1cupuncture,
 Chapter 1

The origin and development

o oncology theory
in Traditional Chinese
Medicine
 ONCOLOGY THEORY IN TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 3

Throughout the history of humankind, malignant tumors have posed one of the most
serious threats to health and survival . Over the centuries, Traditional Chinese Medicine
(TCM) doctors have gained a wealth of experience and knowledge on the etiology,
pathology, diagnosis, pattern identification, and treatment of tumors and cancer. Although
Chinese doctors did not create a special discipline for this type of disease, a variety of
detailed analyses, reports on typical cases and measures for the prevention and treatment
of tumors are documented in the medical literature alongside theories on the best ways to
look after one's health and prolong life . This store of information provides us with the
basis for creating a discipline of oncology in modern TCM .

Origin of oncology theory

The term liu (tumor) can be traced back to inscriptions recorded on bones and tortoise-
shells in the Shang Dynasty (16th-11th century B.C .) . In Zhou Li [Zhou Rituals], a book
compiled in the Qin dynasty (221-207 B.C .), doctors were categorized as dietitians, internal
disease specialists, sores and wounds specialists, or veterinarians . One of the conditions
dealt with by a sores and wounds specialist was a type of malignant sore presenting with
swelling but without ulceration . Some of these "swollen sores" appear to be very similar to
skin, breast, thyroid and penile cancers, and tumors of the head, neck, mouth, eyes, nose,
and throat .
The ancient dictionaries Shuo Wen Jie Zi [Discussing Characters and Explaining Words]
and Zheng Zi Tong [A Comprehensive Discussion on the Correct Use of Characters] discuss
the difference between Zbong (swelling) and liu (tumor) . Zbong was described as a type of
abscess, whereas liu was considered to be synonymous with its homophone meaning "to
flow"; accumulation of the flow of blood therefore generated a swollen tumor (thong liu),
used in modern Chinese to mean tumor or neoplasm . It would also appear that in the
ancient writings liu andyou (wart) were considered to be in the same category; however,you
grows with the flesh while liu is the gradual consequence of a disease . It was therefore
conjectured that the proliferation of tissue due to accumulation of Qi or Blood in their
flow might be the cause of tumor formation .
Tumors were also discussed at length in the earliest recorded book on Chinese medicine,
Huang Di Nei Jing [The Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic], thus laying the foundation for
the study of oncology in TCM . The descriptions of ge thong (dysphagia), xia ge (masses
below the diaphragm caused by Blood stasis), shijia (stone-like masses in the uterus), chang
tan (intestinal tan, now interpreted to mean ovarian tumors or cysts), xi rou (polyps), ge sai
(obstruction in the diaphragm), chang liu (intestinal tumor), andfin liu (sinew tumor) are very
similar to clinical manifestations of tumors in modern oncology .
Su Wen: Xie Qi Zang Fu Bing Xing [Simple Questions : On the Form of Diseases Caused
by Pathogenic Qi in the Zang-Fu Organs] says : "Pain in front of the heart or at the
entrance to the stomach is caused by obstruction in the diaphragm and throat that hinders
the downward movement of food and drink A weak and urgent Spleen pulse indi-
cates ge Zhong, where ingested food and drink is forcibly expelled with a foamy con-
tent Xia ge is characterized by the presence of food in expectorated material ." This
description is very similar to the symptoms associated with tumors of the esophagus,
stomach, and cardia .
4 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Ling Shu Shui Zhnng [The Miraculous Pivot: On
Water Distension] says : "Shijia (stone-like masses in
the uterus) are generated in the Uterus when
pathogenic Cold attacks the Infant's Gate (the cer-
vix of the uterus) to obstruct it and inhibit the
movement of Qi they grow bigger day by
day, with a form similar to that of a fetus, and can
result in delayed menstruation ." This description of
the formation of lumps seems to indicate a situa-
tion very similar to that of tumors in the uterus .
The same chapter also discusses chang tan : "What
is intestinal tan? When it first forms, it is as big as a
chicken's egg, subsequently developing to reach the
size of a fetus ; it feels hard on palpation and is
movable ." This condition is very similar to a
description of tumors in ovarian or pelvic cancer .
When the question was asked as to why intestinal
tan occurred, Qi Bo answered : "Pathogenic Cold
settles outside the Intestines and struggles with Wei
Qi (Defensive Qi) . Qi cannot be nourished and will
stagnate so that masses will form in the interior,
pathogenic Qi will be aroused and polyps pro-
duced ."
The Nei Jing also mentioned a number of etio-
logical factors such as inhibited movement of Ying
Qi (Nutritive Qi) and Wei Qi (Defensive Qi), inap-
propriate joy or anger, and unseasonable cold or
warmth, all of which result in pathogenic factors
accumulating and lingering. This indicates that an
overemotional state, Excess or Deficiency of the
Six Excesses, and inhibited movement or stagnation
of Qi and Blood are all factors that can induce the
onset and development of tumors .
Zing Shu: Ci Jie Zhen Xie [The Miraculous Pivot :
Details of Needling in Relation to True Qi and
Pathogenic Factors] says : "Pathogenic factors will
invade deep into the interior of a person with a
Deficient constitution . Pathogenic Cold and Heat
struggle and linger there to cause fin liu (sinew
tumor), chang liu (intestinal tumor) or rou ju (flesh
abscess) ." It also asserts that pathogenic Wind and
Cold are important factors in the etiology and
pathology of accumulations . Pathogenic Heat and
Fire are also involved . In the chapter onju abscesses,
it says : "Exuberant pathogenic Heat penetrates deep
into the muscles and withers the sinews and Marrow .
When the five Zang organs are involved, Qi and
Blood will be exhausted and j'ong abscesses will
form . Gradually, all the sinew, bone and healthy
flesh will disappear to leave a ju abscess ." However,
pathogenic factors only invade when the constitu-
tion is Deficient, a crucial condition for the onset
and development of tumors.
The Nan Jing [Classic on Medical Problems] de-
veloped the theories stated in the Nei Jing, summa-
rizing the etiology of certain tumors and providing
a detailed differentiation . In the 55th Problem, it
says : "Ji (accumulated masses) and ju (shapeless
masses) are different, although both are related to
Qi pathologies . Ji are a disorder of the Zang organs,
are related to Yin Qi, occur in a fixed location and
have a definite shape ; ju are a disorder of the Fu
organs, are related to Yang Qi, and have no fixed
location or definite shape." In modern terminology,
ji might be malignant tumors with a poor prognosis
(immovable), whereas ju would be benign tumors .
The 56th Problem continues the discussion by
stressing that accumulated masses (ti) in the Zang
organs are different. "Accumulated masses related
to the Liver are known as fei qi (fat Qi) ; shaped like
inverted cups, with head and feet, they are located
below the left hypochondrium . Accumulated
masses related to the Heart are known as fu Bang
(deep-lying beams) ; extending like arms from the
umbilicus up to the lower border of the heart, they
are difficult to treat, restrict movement of the limbs,
inhibit the transformation of food and drink into
flesh, and cause jaundice . Accumulated masses
related to the Lungs are known as xi ben (rushing
respiration) ; shaped like inverted cups and located
below the right hypochondrium, they cause inter-
mittent chills and fever, coughing and wheezing,
and pulmonary congestion . Accumulated masses
related to the Kidneys are known as ben tun (running
piglets) ; they start in the lower abdomen and run up
through the chest like piglets . Accumulated masses
related to the Spleen are known as pi qi (focal dis-
tension Qi) ; shaped like inverted cups, they are
located slightly to the right side of the stomach in
the right hi pochondrium and cause pain in the upper
back and Heart, reduced food intake and bloating."
In Jin Kui Yao Lue [Synopsis of the Golden


ONCOLOGY THEORY IN TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 5

:( },amber], Zhang Zhongjing (c .150-219) wrote: "A sense that TCM later came to describe the origin
,rived, Qi and and development of tumors), but also emphasized
abscesses will wiry pulse, no surplus Stomach Qi, what is eaten in
the morning being vomited in the evening or what internal causes as a major factor in their pathology .
: and healthy Hua Tuo is known as the founder of surgery in
>s ." However, ,,• eaten in the evening being vomited in the morn-
tnh with food not being digested, all these indicate a Chinese medicine . Hua Tuo Zhuan [A Biography of
the constitu- Hua Tuo], a chapter in San Guo Zhi [History of the
for the onset condition of stomach reflux ." These symptoms are
v , (nv similar to stenosis due to tumors in the pyloric
Three Kingdoms], contains what is probably the
;o n trum.
first recorded description of a surgical operation on
)roblems] de-
In the chapter Fu Ren [On Women], he discussed a tumor. "When accumulations in the interior lead
Jing, summa-
women's diseases in the following terms : "Defi- to illness and cannot be reached by needles or herbs,
and providing
y, accumulations and Cold resulting in the they must be cut out . First ask the patient to take
i Problem, it
ju (shapeless )inding of Qi will lead to stoppage of menstruation . Ma Fei San (Anesthesia Boiling Powder)' He will
1 n later years, Blood-Cold will accumulate and bind soon be completely intoxicated and lose conscious-
ire related to
at the Uterine Gate (the orifice of the uterine cervix) ness . Then cut open the abdomen and dissect the
Zang organs,
+rid damage the channels and network vessels. intestines, wash with a herbal decoction, sew up . the
location and
Svmptoms include frothy vaginal discharge, irregu- wound and cover with an anaesthetic paste . Four or
er of the Fu
tar menstruation, a pulling pain in the pudenda, five days later the pain will stop while the patient is
Lave no fixed
;wcrsion to cold in the lower abdomen, or acute still in a coma ; the condition will be cured within
terminology,
)or prognosis pain involving the lumbar spine and spreading one month."
gn tumors. ~1a wnward to the region of Qichong (ST 30), pain
In the knees and tibia, or sudden dizziness and
liscussion by TCM oncology theory in the Jin,
in the Zang zing, or anxiety or melancholy . All these belong
Lasses related the 36 types of women's diseases and their nu- Sui and Tang dynasties
) ; shaped like tncrous variations. In the long run, there must be
y are located c •t naciation and a deficient pulse." Based on the foundation laid down by pioneer-
Accumulated Although this is a general description of the 36 ing doctors in the Qin and Han dynasties (221
in as fu hang rvpes of women's diseases, it clearly includes tumors B.C .-220 A.D.), the etiology, pathology and treat-
ns from the +,t the uterus . The description about pain in the ment of tumors was further explored and studied in
ti ,x r abdomen and lower limbs is very similar to the Three Kingdoms period and the Jin, Sui and
ie heart, they
of the limbs, that seen due to metastasis and infiltration of ma Tang dynasties (220-907) .
d drink into is=r)ant tumors in the pelvis . The phrase "In the In Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing [The ABC Classic of Acu-
ated masses i-ang~ run, there must be emaciation" tallies with the puncture and Moxibustion], published in 259 in the
t ;,rhcctic state of late-stage cancer patients . Three Kingdoms period, Huangfu Mi noted the use
ben (rushing
and located I lua Tuo (died 208), another famous doctor and of acupuncture and moxibustion to treat many
cause inter- contemporary of Zhang Zhongjing, stressed in conditions that are now considered as cancer
.d wheezing, tb ZangJing [A Storehouse of Chinese Medicine] symptoms. For instance, he considered that mani-
ated masses that dysfunction of the Zang-Fu organs also played festations such as difficulty in swallowing and ob-
important role in the formation of certain struction in the area of the diaphragm indicate
tun (running
1 and run up
tumors, as it led to accumulation of Toxins inside pathogenic factors in the epigastrium . If they were
lated masses Lain body and inhibited the movement of Qi and located in the upper epigastrium, he recommended
qi (focal dis- I tG >a rd . This indicates that doctors in ancient China treatment by needling CV 13 Shangwan ; if they
n,,i only recognized that tumors were a localized were located in the lower epigastrium, he recom-
ps, they are pathological change in a systemic disease (in the
stomach in mended treatment by needling CV-1 0 Xiawan .
in the upper
d bloating."
po wrier, which includes Yang Zhi Zhu (Flos Rhododendri Mollis), Mo Li Hua (Flos Jasmini), Dang Gui (Radix
the Golden ;i r,gclicae Sinensis) and Shi Chang Pu (Rhizoma Acori Graminei), was used at the time as an anesthetic during surgery
6 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
In his book Zho r Hon Bei Ji Fang [A Handbook of
Prescriptions for Emergencies], Ge Hong (281-341)
stated that "Hardness generally develops gradually.
Once it is noticed, it has usually become quite large
and will be difficult to cure . Lumps and masses in
the abdomen will hamper digestion and eventually
lead to emaciation." This condition is similar to
what we know today as cachexia . He also pointed
out that the onset and development of tumors gen-
erally follow a certain typical course, but that
patients do not pay much attention to them until
they have reached the late stage, by which time the
prognosis is poor. He urged patients to visit a
doctor to have the condition diagnosed and treated
as soon as the symptoms appeared, thus helping to
prevent development or spread of the condition .
In a wide-ranging discussion on tumors and
similar conditions in Zhu Bing Ynan Hon Li,n [A
General Treatise on the Causes and Symptoms of
Diseases] published in 610, Chao Yuanfang
contends that the etiology of tumors is external
invasion of Wind pathogenic factors and their
pathology is Deficiency of the Zang-Fu organs
allowing the invading Wind to fight and bind in
these organs ; since the Zang-Fu organs are weak-
ened, the pathogenic factors accumulate over time,
eventually resulting in the formation of tumors .
In a chapter devoted to tumors, he describes two
categories . One of the categories, liar, is similar to
what is known today as benign tumors . They are
characterized by a swelling or mass in the skin or
flesh, which grows gradually, is neither painful nor
itchy, and does not become hard ; however, it
remains in place. If it is not treated, it will continue
to grow until it becomes large ; although it is not
fatal, it must not be broken .
The other category, known as shijong (stonejong
abscess), is also referred to by other writers as shi
jan (rock) . The description Chao gave of rar shijong
(breast stone jyong abscess) is very similar to the
symptoms of malignant tumors of the breast . "1Zatr
shijong is a mass that is fairly firm but not very large ;
it is not red, but is slightly painful and hot, and its
kernel is as hard as a stone . Later the swelling hard-
ens ; when pulled, it appears to have a root and the
kernel is in close contact with the skin . The skin
nearest to the mass is as hard as ox-hide ." This
description is very similar to infiltration of breast
cancer to the skin and the orange-peel sign seen at
that stage .
Chao Yuanfang also distinguished between im-
movable abdominal masses ( .Zheng) and movable
abdominal masses (jia) . He indicated that ,heng are
hard immovable masses that develop gradually in
the abdomen . They cause the abdomen to enlarge,
impede food intake, lead to emaciation, and end in
death. His description of movable masses, f a,
resembles that of benign tumors of the abdominal
or pelvic cavity.
The first treatises on diet therapy appeared in the
Sui and Tang dynasties (581-907 A.D.) . They
include Shi Jing [The Diet Classic], compiled by Cui
Hao, and Yang Sheng Yao Ji [Essentials for Preserving
Health] by Zhang Zhan . In a chapter on diet ther-
apy in Qian fin Yao Fang [Prescriptions Worth a
Thousand Gold Pieces for Emergencies], which
appeared around 625, Sun Simiao gave examples of
the foods he used to treat various conditions
including the thyroid gland of goats to treat goiter .
Sun Simiao was the first author to classify tumors
into seven categories -jing Iii, (goiters and tumors
of the neck), gu lin (bone tumors), -,hi liaa (fatty
tumors [lipoma]), shi liar (stone tumors), ron lin (tu-
mors of the flesh), nong liar (purulent tumors) and
xne Iii, (blood tumors [angioma]) .
He also discussed certain tumors in the breast,
referring to them as In rar (breast furnace), and
describing them as "small, shallow, hot and itchy
sores with yellowish exudate that appear on the
nipples of women of all ages . The sores grow
gradually, persist for years and nothing can cure
them ." This condition is very similar to Paget's dis-
ease of the nipple.
In ancient medical books, women's diseases were
collectively known as dai xia, or vaginal discharge,
and there were already gynecologists known as dai
xiaji as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and
the Warring States (770-221 B.C .) . Large amounts
of irregular menstrual bleeding is known as beng
(flooding), small amounts of incessant bleeding as
lour (spotting) . In a discussion on flooding and spot-
ting, Sun Simiao described cases where "flooding
and spotting is red, white, greenish-blue or black,
putrid and foul-smelling, the facial complexion is
 ONCOLOGY THEORY IN TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 7

ion of breast .
+1g4- and lusterless, the skin is close to the bones, published in 1171, it says : "The onset of cancer is
el sign seen at (menstruation is irregular, there is a cramping sensa- usually neglected, or just considered as an illness of
UI n in the lower abdomen or an angina-like pain, internal Heat . After one or two weeks, the color
between im- &%tension and pain in the hypochondrium, food is turns purple or red with slight swelling and pain .
and movable tr( a rmnsformed into flesh, soreness in the back and The color darkens gradually, but there is no ulcera-
that Zheng are lrArrr back radiates to the hypochondrium, the tion. It should be dissipated with Da Che Ao San
gradually in +:+ticnt cannot stand for a long time and always (Cart Pincer Powder), then treated with materia
:en to enlarge, w%, anas to lie down, and there is swelling in the geni- medica for drawing out Toxins, expelling pus, and
)n, and end in tul region that looks like a sore . One day discharge is supplementing the interior ; once it has broken,
masses, jia, Vtsrrxts ; the next, it is very dark blood; on the third cover it with She Xiang Gao (Musk Plaster) ." This is
the abdominal l,: y, it is like purple juice ; on the fourth day, it is like the first time the word ai (cancer) appears in TCM
(cci meat; and on the fifth, pus and blood appear ." literature.
ppeared in the I ttr irregular vaginal bleeding with the various In Ren Zhai Zhi Zhi Fu Yi Fang [Ren Zhai's Indica-
A .D.) . They Ik rs of vaginal discharge and the putrid smell, tions with an Appendix on Omitted Formulae],
mpiled by Cui mcn ia, emaciation, pain in the lower back and cancer was described as "growing high upward and
for Preserving (tlxlornen, and general fatigue are very similar to the deeply downward, resembling a rock with hollows
on diet ther ~Vnlptoms of late-stage cancer of the uterus and and layers building up; this is due to Toxins rooted
ions Worth a 4 VrViX deeply in the interior." It also indicated that cancer
:ncies], which is characterized by "perforating and penetrating in-
e examples of ward"; in other words, in modern terminology, it
as conditions FCM oncology theory from the can infiltrate and metastasize . The character aid
to treat goiter. Song to the Qing dynasties (cancer) signifies its uneven surface and its consis-
lassify tumors tency, which is as hard as a rock ; for this reason, the
rs and tumors 1'hr(aries on tumors developed rapidly in the Song, characteryan 7"F-'f (rock) was also used as a synonym
.hi liu (fatty 1 rran, Ming and Qing dynasties (960-1911), espe- for ai in the Song and Yuan dynasties .
7s), rou liu (tu- (-rufhv in the Song and Yuan dynasties (960-1368) In Chuang Yang Jing Yan Quan Shu [A Complete
t tumors) and a,t nn1V with the knowledge on other diseases col- Manual of Experience in the Treatment of Sores],
L. (tcd and noted during that period. Dou Hanqing described ru yan (mammary rock, or
in the breast, S„ rng Dynasty emperor Hui Zong ordered the breast cancer) in these terms: "If it has not broken, the
furnace), and ( , )mpilation of the book Sheng Ji Zong Lu [General patient can be saved, but if it has broken, treatment is
hot and itchy I r rllcction for Holy Relief], which appeared be- difficult. On palpation, it is as hard as a rock, hence the
ppear on the twc'cn 1111 and 1117 . In it, tumor was defined as liu: name. If treated too late, it will ulcerate and spread to
e sores grow 1 - character liu signifies stagnation and lack of the Zang organs and is fatal ."
sing can cure n vurnent . The normal flow of Qi and Blood is In the chapter on accumulations in Ji Sheng Fang
to Paget's dis- tynl,aircd and the body loses its harmonious equihb- [Prescriptions for Succoring the Sick], published in
rtrtnl, When there is stagnation, binding, congestion 1253, Yan Yonghe described the accumulated mass
diseases were :?rul ('hstruction, pathogenic factors take-advantage related to the Heart, fu hang (deep-lying beam), as
nal discharge, 4 t the Deficient condition and illness occurs ." This being "as big as an arm, starting from below the
known as dai rk :rrly indicates that stagnation and lack of move- umbilicus and going upward to the lower border of
nn Period and MO nt i~ a major cause of tumors . The character liu the heart like a beam across the chest and dia-
arge amounts r ;,~ two structural components - the morbid phragm . The symptoms are a sensation of heat in
nown as beng (,'nduion of accumulation and stagnation is repre- the abdomen, a flushed face, dry throat, irritability,
at bleeding as +:{mttd by the homonym liu [1]' , which means kept and, in more serious cases, expectoration of blood,
ling and spot- 1>l:u c : the radical of the character, the upper and poor appetite and emaciation ." This description is
ere "flooding luit component, means sickness . very similar to the symptoms occurring in the late
Dlue or black, 1 11' ci Ji Bao Shu [A Treasury of Relief and stages of liver and stomach cancer.
:omplexion is I c.unrcnt], a book written by Dongxuan Jushi and Turning to the accumulated masses related to the
Lungs, known as xi ben (rushing respiration), Yan
Yonghe described them as "located in the right
hypochondrium and shaped like inverted cups . The
pulse is faint, floating and deficient, and the facial
complexion is white . Symptoms include Qi coun-
terflow and shortage of Qi, wheezing, back pain,
forgetfulness, heavy eves, and cold and intermit-
tently painful skin ." This could be a description of
late-stage lung cancer .
Chen Wuze divided _yin,g liu (goiters and tumors
of the neck) into five kinds of _yin,g and six kinds of
lira in San Yin Fang [Formulae for the Three Catego-
ries of Etiological Factors] . He categorized jing as
shijing (stone goiter), which is hard and immovable ;
rou jing (flesh goiter), whose color is normal;jin jing
(sinew goiter), where the sinews and vessels are ex-
posed and tangled up; xue jing (blood goiter), where
the red blood vessels form an intricate pattern ; and
gi jing (Qi goiter), which appears or disappears de-
pending on the patient's level of anxiety. He
stressed that none of these goiters should be bro-
ken rashly, otherwise blood and pus would pour out,
which could be fatal . He defined the six kinds of
tumor as gu liu (bone tumors), <hi liu (fatty tumors),
qi liu (Qi tumors), rou liu (tumors of the flesh), nong
liu (purulent tumors) and xue liu (blood tumors) ; in
other words very similar to Sun Simiao's classifica-
tion (see above) . In TCM, jing liu include benign
tumors of the thyroid gland and other tumors at the
front of the throat, hyperthroidism and thyroid
cancer.
The great physicians Zhang Congzheng
(1156-1228) and Zhu Danxi (1281-1358) in the Jin
and Yuan dynasties studied the question of disease
patterns relating to tumors . In Ru Men Shi Qin
[Confucians' Duties to Their Parents], Zhang says
that "tumors are formed due to accumulations, or
to violent changes brought about by anger, joy, sor-
row, pensiveness and fear." The famous Qing
dynasty physician You Zaijing (died 1749) later
developed this theory by saying that "if sorrow,
pensiveness, depression and anger persist and are
not resolved, this will cause such diseases [cancers]
in most instances ." Their writings underlined the
relationship between mental and emotional factors
and the formation of tumors . Unfortunately, the
importance of this relationship was neglected for too
long a period in Western medicine until recent years .
In his book Dan Xi Xin Fa [Danxi's Experiential
Therapy], Zhu Danxi gave a relatively detailed de-
scription of the origin, symptoms, development,
prognosis and treatment of ru jan (mammary rock)
and je ge (dysphagia and diaphragmatic occlusion) .
His analysis suggests that these conditions are simi-
lar to what is known today as tumors of the breast
and tumors of the esophagus or stomach fundus
and cardia . He wrote : "When the affected site is just
below the larynx, and water can go down, but food
cannot, the condition is called je (dysphagia) ; if it is
located lower, close to the stomach, and even
though food can go down, it will be expelled later,
the condition is known as ge (diaphragmatic occlu-
sion) ." From this description, je might be esophag-
eal cancer, and ge cancer of the fundus or cardia of
the stomach .
In his other major work, Ge Zhi Yu lain [On In-
quiring into the Properties of Things], published in
1347, Zhu Danxi says : "When sorrow, anger and
depression accumulate day and night, Spleen Qi will
be dispersed and dejected and Liver Qi forced into
transverse counterflow. As a consequence, a con-
cealed node will gradually form, as big as a counter
in a game of go; the node will not be painful or
itchy. Decades later, it will appear as a sunken sore
known as ru jan (mammary rock) as a result of its
pitted appearance resembling a rock with indenta-
tions or hollows . By then, it is too late to be
treated ." The concealed node might be a benign
tumor, which later turns cancerous . In this book,
Zhu Danxi also points out that lumps occurring in
the upper, middle or lower part of the body are, in
most instances, caused by Phlegm . "Phlegm, which
has substance, follows Qi up and down ; there is
nowhere that it does not go."
Gao Bingjun in his book Iang Ke Xin De Ji [A Col-
lection of Experiences in the Treatment of Sores],
published in 1805, adds : "Ai (cancer) and liu (tumors)
are not caused by the binding and swelling of Yin,
Yang and Vital Qi (Zheng Qi), but by Blood stasis,
turbid Qi and Phlegm stagnation in the Zang organs ."
TCM doctors in the Yuan dynasty used to refer
to conditions such as tuo ju (sloughing ju abscess),
tan he (Phlegm node), jie he (subcutaneous node), shi
rong (loss-of-luxuriance [malignant tumor of the


ONCOLOGY THEORY IN TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE

it recent years . 4 411 N W ;11 lymph nodes with cachexia]), and ma dao ye Amydae Sinensis) in treating hepatocellular carci-
i's Experiential P,r ; t'aber and pearl-string scrofulae [swollen cervi- noma, and San Leng (Rhizoma Sparganii Stoloniferi)
tly detailed de- Mid axillary lymph nodes whose configuration and E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) in treating cervical
development, rvm'inbles a saber or string of pearls]) as guai bing cancer give every reason to believe the accuracy of
nammary rock) i plcxing diseases) and a classification into "per- Zhu Danxi's views .
atic occlusion) . W aant_ diseases essentially due to Phlegm" and Li Gao (1180-1251) stated in Pi Wei Lun [A Trea-
litions are simi- pc-rpk ing diseases essentially due to Blood stasis" tise on the Spleen and Stomach] that "in human
s of the breast t forward . These suggestions provided a beings, Stomach Qi is the Root; Original Qi (Yuan
tomach fundus ~rcrical basis for the role played by the congeal- Qi), Grain Qi (Gu Qi), Nutritive Qi (Ying Qi or
acted site is just ,nil binding of Phlegm and Blood stasis in the Rong Qi), Defensive Qi (Wei Qi) and Qi that gen-
Town, but food I~ethr lc~~>1 of tumors. erates Yang are synonyms describing the upward
;phagia) ; if it is l.hu Danxi also considered that accumulations movement of Stomach Qi when food is digested ."
ich, and even =Pd focal distension lumps could be caused by Although this is a simplification of the pathology
t expelled later, ta3,id 4 ,,,-fluids, Qi stagnation and Blood clots and that "all illness is due to Deficiency of Spleen and
-agmatic occlu- 0h4 rrid be treated by bearing Fire downward, clear- Stomach Qi", it is important in the treatment of
ht be esophag- Phlcgm and moving clots of dead Blood . "Once cancers.
us or cardia of 0o lumps are eliminated, greatly supplementing According to Li Gao, when treating cancer, the
m,iu-ras+ medica should be used ; however, drastic only options open to a doctor are attack and sup-
'u Lun [On In- {Ic}wnward-draining materia medica are contraindi- plementation. The decision on which to adopt as
s], published in c -r,-d l or they will damage Vital Qi (Zheng Qi), thus the main measure and which to use as support de-
-ow, anger and W , cning the illness . Materia medica for dispersing pends on the state of Stomach Qi. Generally
Spleen Qi will o, urnulinon will soften the lumps and eliminate
A
speaking, the majority of cancer patients are elderly
Qi forced into >t cause ." The focal distension lumps he was and the disease has already reached its late stage ; as
luence, a con- rF k i nna, to will not relate exclusively to tumors, but a result, Spleen and Stomach Qi will be Deficient .
ig as a counter 4<oll
include tumors as well as other conditions . In addition, cancer is a malignant and consumptive
be painful or /.hu Danxi recommended Ben Shen (Radix Gin- disease, and should therefore not only be treated by
a sunken sore major supplementation, whereas for dis- attacking. Measures to support Vital Qi (Zheng Qi)
a result of its r u~}t accumulation and promoting the flow of and consolidate the Root are essential in treating
with indenta- I Iia 1, he advocated the use of the following mate-
x )~
cancer. Effectively, this means supporting Spleen
:)o late to be tnf-,dIca : and Stomach Qi, and even though this is not the
t be a benign only treatment measure, its adoption will neverthe-
I lima (Radix et Rhizoma Rbei)
In this book, less alleviate symptoms and delay development, thus
ii i (M.irabilitum Non-Purum), small dosage,
)s occurring in providing more opportunity to treat the patient with
inircd as paste or pills to soften hardness without
ie body are, in other measures as well as raising the quality of life.
I aIkNIJh diarrhea
Phlegm, which Li Gao's student Zhang Yuansu also stated "a
~, I ft>l (Rhizoma Sparganii Stoloniferi)
town; there is robust person will not suffer from accumulations,
"tit, (Rhizoma Curcumae)
which is a condition affecting those who are Defi-
ial, (Alkali Herbae)
,n De Ji [A Col- cient ." Although not restricted to cancer, the term
', lx~n (Semen Persicae)
tent of Sores], "accumulations" includes tumors . In this case, Defi-
i I l is (flos Carthami Tinctorii)
nd ha (tumors) ciency essentially refers to Deficiency of Spleen and
/i/ (i-lirudo seu Whitmania)
welling of Yin, Stomach Qi . Their student Luo Tianyi also stated in
~!a (Sal Ammoniacum)
,y Blood stasis, Wei Sheng Bao Jian [The Precious Mirror of Hygiene]
t :arapax Amydae Sinensis)
Zang organs ." that "Deficiency of the Spleen and Stomach, or
s ti (Semen Raphani Sativi)
used to refer overeating, or excessive consumption of too much
an .\'i»g (Rhizoma Arisaematis)
ag ju abscess), cold and raw food means that food cannot be
tous node), shi rliccuvuness of Nao Shad (Sal Ammoniacum) transformed properly, resulting in the formation of
umor of the =rural; esophageal cancer, Bie Jia* (Carapax accumulations and masses."
10 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Based on their clinical observations, doctors in
the Jin and Yuan dynasties reached the conclusion
that benign tumors such as warts and polyps do not
hamper normal physiological functions ; they de-
velop slowly and do not spread or metastasize .
However, further observation indicated that some
benign tumors could become malignant . In his
book Il ai Ke Jing Yi [The Essence of External Dis-
eases], published in 1335, Qi Dezhi explained that
"some tumors and warts will ulcerate from the inte-
rior and become cancerous when the patient is eld-
erh~"
In Nei Ke Zhai Yao [A Summary of Internal Dis-
eases], Xue Lizhai (c.1486-1558) discussed the main
points to be borne in mind when treating benign
tumors . He said : "Warts belong to the Liver and
Gallbladder channels and are caused by Wind-Heat
and Blood-Dryness, or anger stirring liver-Fire, or
excessive environmental Qi settling in the Liver.
Heat in the Liver and Water drying up will lead to
undernourishment of Kidney Qi, hence Essence
will collapse and the sinews become hypertonic.
This condition should be treated with Di Huang
Wan (Rehmannia Pill) to enrich Kidney-Water and
generate Liver-Blood . Probably this condition is
similar to Blood-Dryness nodes ; if external treat-
ment is applied to erode the swelling and herbal
medicine is given internally to dry Blood and dis-
perse Toxicity, the Essence and Blood will become
even more Deficient, the Liver sinews will be dam-
aged, the sore will invert and open suddenly, and
Toxins will prevail ."
In Jing Yue Qnan Shu [The Complete Works of
Zhang Jingyue] published in 1624, Zhang Jiebin
also warned that "if a tumor or wart has grown- to
be large, it is very dangerous to break it unless it is
purulent; once it is broken, all the channels will be
involved and Blood and Qi exhausted . When this
happens, the situation cannot be treated." His
description went on to indicate that benign tumors,
including warts, moles and polyps should be treated
very carefully and should not be broken by knives,
scissors, moxibustion, or erosive medication.
Although nowadays TCM sometimes uses warm
needling or erosive materia medica such as Ya Dan
Zi (Fructus Bruceae Javanicae) to treat these benign
tumors, this type of treatment is applied with great
caution ; radical surgery is often the preferred option
in China today.
By the time of the Ming and Qing dynasties,
doctors had gathered more detailed experience on
cancer symptoms, their diagnosis was more definite,
and treatment more concrete and specific . In a
chapter on breast gong abscesses in Wai Ke Zheng
Zong [An Orthodox Manual of External Diseases],
which appeared in 1617, Chen Shigong says 'When
severe focal distension accumulates in the channels
and network vessels, it will bind into nodes, initially
the size of a soybean, and then gradually grow over
months and years without causing pain or itching .
When pain finally occurs, no measure can relieve it .
Subsequently, the swelling grows to resemble a heap
of millet seeds or an inverted bowl ; it is purple in
color and gives off a foul smell . Eventually, it ulcer-
ates, with the deeper part looking like caves in a
mountain and the protruding part like a lotus flower
about to wither and fall . The pain is as severe as if
the heart had been ripped open and the exuded
blood has a foul smell. By then, the Zang organs are
debilitated and the condition cannot be treated .
This disease is known as ru yan (mammary rock),
one of the four major incurable diseases ." Other
symptoms include "a proliferation of sores in the
region of the nipple with hard masses, numbness
and pain . In some cases where these sores ulcerate
in people with a weak constitution, there is massive
bleeding resulting in death ."
His description of jian chun (cocoon lip) is very
similar to the symptoms of cancer of the lips :
"Cocoon lip is caused by eating too much stir-fried,
deep-fried or smoked food when accompanied by
excessive thought and preoccupation. Phlegm
moves with Fire and lodges in the lip ; initially a
pea-sized node appears, which gradually grows as
big as a cocoon . The node is protruding, swollen
and hard ; in severe cases, it may be painful ."
Chen Shigong also described the symptoms of
.chi gong (Loss-of-luxuriance) in these terms : "Shi gong
generally appears on the shoulder . Initially, there is a
slight swelling, with no change in the color of the
skin . It gradually- enlarges and becomes as hard as a
stone and immovable. After another six to twelve
 ONCOLOGY THEORY IN TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 11

plied with great ~rrths, a dull pain begins, Qi and Blood gradually swelling enlarged and finally ulcerated . His descrip-
referred option debilitated, the body becomes emaciated,
Lc
tion is very similar to the symptoms and develop-
fp tpunc patches appear, and the sores break and ment of breast cancer and shows that this condition
Qing dynasties, f*v(- blood and watery liquid . Alternatively, the is not restricted to women .
experience on 4 alrnp may spread constantly in a lotus flower In Yang Ke Xin De Ji [A Collection of Experi-
s more definite, heft c with more and more spots appearing ; as the ences in the Treatment of Sores], Gao Bingjun de-
specific. In a ass=t ltunL' expands, it gets harder, and a cure is very scribed then yan fan hua (Kidney rock everted flower)
i Wai Ke Zheng t* . ,1 Lu rang also occurs in front of the ear or in the in terms that correspond closely to the symptoms
-rnal Diseases], initially the size of a Phlegm node, then of cancer of the penis : "[It] starts in the horse's
,ng says "When t icrrlh hardening and becoming as big as a stone . mouth [the mouth of the urethra] as a pellet-sized,
in the channels W 4irrs breaks, there is no pus, but a small amount
ti hard and itchy fleshy growth that stands upright ;
nodes, initially bloody or watery exudate may occur accompa- one or two years later (or sometimes as long as five
ually grow over I - unbearable pain; this condition is nearly al- or six years later), pain occurs in the Heart, the
Rain or itching. fatal." As these two excerpts indicate, shi Tong
u penis swells gradually and the fleshy growth at the
e can relieve it. aractcristically involves the neck and supraclavi- mouth of the urethra takes the form of an everted
esemble a heap ~gal ur rcgion . It is a highly malignant condition very flower similar to a ripe pomegranate . This is known
it is purple in wtutlur to malignant tumors of the lymphatic sys- as shen yan. Gradually, the glans penis becomes ul-
ntually, it ulcer- tr~-t= cat metastatic lymphoma in modern biomedi- cerated and eroded with an uneven surface ; the pain
like caves in a t is unbearable . In severe cases, fresh blood is exuded,
e a lotus flower tc s\•r nptoms, etiology, pathology and progno- the desire to eat disappears, and the patient is ex-
as severe as if c ;tracer are described in Shen Douyuan's Wai hausted physically and mentally ; alternatively, the
ad the exuded iuI7n [Revelations of the Mystery of External penis will be badly eroded after two or three ses-
:ang organs are published in 1604 : "At the initial stage, sions of bleeding. If nourishment cannot be trans-
.or be treated. no sensation of cold, heat or pain ; the af-
Lk ported to the Essence and Body Fluids, the patient
ammary rock), n°cl area is purplish-black in color, but is not hard . will die." These examples indicate that TCM doc-
!seases." Other nn occurs from the inside. The condition is
r,,n tors have long recognized that the prognosis for
rf sores in the ~. iI 1 , 1\ , accumulation of Heat due to sexual in
4^n malignant tumors is poor.
;ses, numbness arperancr after the age of 20 or Blood depletion TCM considers that the origin and growth of
sores ulcerate I )cficiency due to overeating of rich and tumors are usually related to the Zang-Fu organs,
here is massive $oi+ ~ to()(] after the age of 40. The survival rate is channels and network vessels. For instance, the
10 21) percent . When the skin becomes black, pathology of flooding, spotting and vaginal dis-
'on lip) is very i'katterrt is bound to die." charge (which generally correspond to symptoms
r of the lips : t .Ia recd TCM works also include descriptions of appearing in cancer of the uterus and other tumors
nuch stir-fried, e: .unccr in men. In Wai Ke Quan Sheng Ji [A of the female reproductive system) usually relates to
:companied by vrnh 'Manual of Diagnosis and Treatment of the Chong and Ren vessels. In a chapter on vaginal
Loon. Phlegm rn :J 17i~eases], Wang Weide records that ruyan discharge in Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun [A Treatise on
lip; initially a o'st :
Yes rock) can affect women and men . Ear-
L the Causes and Symptoms of Diseases], it says :
ually grows as w, !luw Zhi Zhun Sheng [Standards of Diagnosis "The Chong and Ren vessels start from the Uterus .
uding, swollen i t-u n n ent], published in 1602, Wang Kentang The network vessels of the Uterus will be damaged
Linful " * 'trl~ccl the case of a man who had repeatedly if there is excessive Yin or Yang. In such circum-
symptoms of 1 to tiic civil service examinations and had be- stances, pathogenic Wind will take advantage to
arms : "Shi rong ,_ . .^r°rc depressed and unhappy . Shortly after- invade the Uterus, and damage the Chong and Ren
tially, there is a ,de, amounts of fluid regularly began to vessels and Taivang and Taiyin Blood . Foul Body
e color of the vrr 1wiw left nipple . Then, a swelling appeared. Fluids and Blood will flow downward from the
es as hard as a the rnrn+n did not consult the doctor for diag- network vessels of the Uterus, appearing as white in
six to twelve Anrl ticatment at the appropriate time, the Cold patterns and red in Heat patterns ."

12 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Mayan (mammary rock) is generally related to the
Liver and Spleen. In Yi Zong Jin Jian [The Golden
Mirror of Medicine], which appeared in 1742, Wu
Qian indicated that "this condition is due to damage
to the Liver and Spleen, which results in Depression
and congealing of Qi . It begins with a date-sized
node in the breast, which gradually enlarges to the
size of a go counter ; there is no redness or heat
sensation, but an intermittent dull pain may occur .
If the condition persists, there will be tidal fever,
aversion to cold and severe pain involving the chest
and axillae . The swelling is hard and looks like an
inverted bowl . It protrudes like the surface of a
rock with a shiny purplish-red apex and contains
fine, thread-like blood vessels. It putrefies first, then
ulcerates, with intermittent exudation of turbid
fluid or foul-smelling blood . When ulceration is
deep, it resembles rock crevices . The pain is so
severe that it feels as if the heart is affected . Impa-
tience or anger will lead to bleeding of
bright-colored blood and further hardening of the
root of the swelling . Finally, all the Zang organs will
become debilitated and the disease will be fatal ."
When describing the formation of sheJun (tongue
mushroom [cancer of the tongue]), Wu Qian ex-
plained that the tip of the tongue is related to the
Heart and the root to the Spleen . "Irritability gener-
ates Fire ; excessive thought damages the Spleen and
leads to Depression of Qi. It is the severe Depres-
sion that causes the tongue mushroom to form ."
This description illustrates that tumors of the oral
cavity are conditions relating to the Heart and
Spleen channels . Wu Qian also considered that
tumors of the larynx are due to retention of Heat in
the Lung channel and too much speaking damaging
Qi . By identifying the relationship between the tumor
and the Zang-Fu organs and channels and network
vessels involved, a correct pattern identification and
specific prognosis can then be made.
Over the centuries, many different doctors have
designed a variety of effective methods and for-
mulae for treating tumors on the basis of their
own clinical experience . Zhu Danxi considered
thatye ge (dysphagia and diaphragmatic occlusion)
and fan uei (stomach reflux) are due to
Blood-Dryness and desiccation of Body Fluids,
Yin Deficiency generating Fire, and diaphrag-
matic Phlegm that hampers normal upward and
downward-bearing. He therefore suggested the
main treatment principles as moistening Body
Fluids and nourishing the Blood, and bearing Fire
downward and dissipating lumps .
On the other hand, Zhang Jiebin (1563-1640)
advocated treating the Spleen and Kidneys as the
main measure, since the Spleen is mainly responsi-
ble for ye ge in the Upper Burner and the Kidneys
are responsible for binding in the Lower Burner. In
his opinion, therefore, the treatment should start on
the basis of warming, nourishing, enriching and
moistening. For fan wei, he recommended support-
ing and reinforcing Vital Qi (Zheng Qi), and sup-
porting the Spleen and Stomach . In cases of severe
internal damage and food accumulating in the
Stomach and not being digested despite sufficient
Stomach Qi, he stressed that the treatment principle
should also include eliminating stagnation ; for cases
of Qi counterflow, depression and binding must be
dredged.
Although the two viewpoints seem different, they
see things from different aspects . One considers
Yin Deficiency generating Fire as the basic pathol-
ogy, whereas the other bases his treatment on the
Spleen and Stomach having been damaged . Zhu
Danxi concluded that Fire is generated as a result of
damage to Yin, whereas Zhang Jiebin suggested
that Yin exuberance arises as a result of the patho-
logical changes caused by Spleen Deficiency The
two methods can therefore be combined to achieve
a complete treatment .
Wang Qingren explained the indications of Ge
Xia Zhaa Ya Tang (Decoction for Expelling Stasis
from Below the Diaphragm) in Yi Lin Gai Cuo
[Corrections of the Errors in Medical Works] . He
stated that "lumps in the abdomen must be formed
Blood"; in other words, abdominal tumors generally
arise as a result of Qi stagnation and Blood stasis
leading to accumulations . This is the theoretical
basis that later generations adopted to treat tumors
invgoratb~ ing the Blood and transforming Blood
stasis .
In more recent times, Zhang Xichun (1860-1933)
recommended Shen Zhe Pei Qi Tang (Codonopsis
 ONCOLOGY THEORY IN TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 13

nd diaphrag- ,,.nd,Hematite Decoction for Cultivating Qi)° as one (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae) is dry, Zhi Mu (Rhi-
1 upward and the fourteen formulae for treatment of ge shi zoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis), Tian Men Dong
uggested the )od obstruction in the diaphragm) in Yi Xue Zhong (Radix Asparagi Cochinchinensis), Dang Gui (Radix
3tening Body r .',ong Can Xi Lu [Records of Traditional Chinese Angelicae Sinensis) and Shi Shuang Bing (Rotundula
I bearing Fire anal Western Medicine Used in Combination] . He Kaki Sacchari) are included to clear Heat, moisten
c plained that "the human body, from the fei men Dryness, and generate Body Fluids and Blood . Rou
1 (1563-1640) i il\'ing gates, or lips) down to the po men (corporeal Cong Rong (Herba Cistanches Deserticolae) supple-
idneys as the 5u1 gate, or anus) is governed by and dependent on ments the Kidneys, thus constraining the Chong
inly responsi- , )no Qi . Where Qi in the Middle Burner is exuber vessel to prevent Qi rising and assist the
I the Kidneys -II It, the hen men (rushing gate, or cardia) will be wide downward-bearing of Stomach Qi . The combina-
Ter Burner. In open and can receive water and grain and pass them tion of Rou Cong Rong (Herba Cistanches Deserti-
iould start on 'wn to the you men (the dark gate, or pylorus), and colae), Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Dai
:nriching and I small and large intestines . Zhe S& (Haematitum) moistens the bowels and
;ded support- "What then is the cause of the disease? If Qi in frees binding, since most patients have difficulty in
:~i), and sup- the Middle Burner is debilitated and exhausted, it defecating. If this formula produces no apparent
.ses of severe' mot support properly from the inside, with the effect after several doses, there must be Blood stasis
ating in the it cult that the cardia, pylorus and intestines will in the cardia . In this situation, San Leng (Rhizoma
>ite sufficient i ~ )ntract . Observe the stool excreted in severe cases ; Sparganii Stoloniferi) and Tao Ren (Semen Persicae)
'ent principle i i i s as small as that excreted by sheep . Although it is should be added ."
ion; for cases due to shortage of Body Fluids, the intestines must This detailed description of the etiology, pathol-
ding must be also be narrow. In addition, since Qi in the Middle ogy and principles employed in formulating a
lfurner lacks vigor, Stomach Qi can no longer be prescription for esophageal cancer and cancer of
afferent, they h( )rne downward and Qi in the Chong vessel will the stomach cardia outlines the method of supple-
ne considers :~1 e advantage of the situation to rise, with Phlegm menting the Middle Burner and expelling Blood
basic pathol- iIiid saliva following this counterflow Qi to obstruct stasis and provides a firm foundation for the mod-
ment on the ardia. ern approach of supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi),
maged. Zhu "Since the cardia has shrunk and is obstructed by cultivating the Root and dispelling pathogenic fac-
as a result of Phk:,gm and saliva, how can it receive food and pass tors .
n suggested n downward? The only way to rescue such cases is The principles of "before a disease occurs, take
f the patho- initiate major supplementation of Qi in the Mid- preventive measures" and "once a disease occurs,
iciency. The dic Burner. Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) serves this take measures to prevent its progression" were re-
:d to achieve ,S~ rpose in the formula . Dai Zhe Shi$ (Haematitum), corded as far back as the Nei Jing [Internal Classic] .
;i Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Depurata)
()iii, The importance of early detection and treatment of
tions of Ge .Shi Shuang Bing (Rotundula Kaki Sacchari) are tumors was highlighted in the advice given in Yi Xue
elling Stasis included as assistant and envoy materia medica to Tong Zhi [General Principles of Medicine], compiled
.in Gai Cuo b car counterflow downward, quiet the Chong vessel, by Ye Wenling in the Ming dynasty . "Alcohol, flour,
Works] . He ( i1 ;ir Phlegm and regulate Qi . Since Ren Shen (Radix deep-fried and sticky foods are hard to digest ; they
t be formed IInseng) is very hot in nature and Ban Xia stagnate in the Middle Burner and damage the
)rs generally
Blood stasis
1;en .Shen (Radix Ginseng) 18g
theoretical hvw („oa Rang (Herba Cistanches Deserdcolae) 12g
reat tumors ;1ten Dong (Radix Asparagi Cochinchinensis) 12g
ning Blood Shr (Haematitum) 24g
Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Depurata) 9g
'1860-1933) Gxi (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 9g
:odonopsis to (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) 15g
an,g Bing (Rotundula Kaki Sacchari) 15g, infused in the prepared decoction

14 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Spleen and Stomach, gradually leading to focal dis-
tension and fullness, and acid regurgitation . In
severe cases. jege (dysphagia and diaphragmatic oc-
clusion) or fan ,i'ei (stomach reflux) may result . To
avoid these serious conditions, these symptoms
should be treated early."
This view was reinforced in Zheng Zhi Bu Hid [A
Supplement to Diagnosis and Treatment], written in
1687 by Li Yongcui : "Although acid regurgitation is
a minor condition where it is temporary, if it per-
sists and is ignored, it can develop into dysphagia
and diaphragmatic occlusion or stomach reflux ."
Both these excerpts make clear that conditions such
as chronic gastritis or peptic ulcers should be
treated as early as possible to prevent them from
becoming cancerous .'"
Down the ages, many TCM doctors have held
the view that not all cancers are incurable . In Yi
Zong Jin Jian [The Golden Mirror of Medicine], Wu
Qian wrote that if patients with breast cancer could
clear their Heart, flush out anxiety, and rest quietly
to recuperate, the disease would be curable . If
"treated early and properly", a patient with
"pre-cancerous symptoms (such as persistent,
non-healing ulcers, chronic inflammation, repeated
trauma or various benign tumors) could have a
natural life span despite the disease ."
Chinese medicine maintains that while recuper-
ating from cancer, the following are important :
• avoid anxiety, brooding, depression and anger
• banish tension, strive for survival, and remain
optimistic
• live in a peaceful and secluded environment
adopt a regular pattern for daily activities
• practice Qigong and other recreational and
sports activities
pay attention to diet and avoid any foods that are
contraindicated
Over the years, Chinese medicine doctors have
produced a series of criteria for evaluating pattern
identification and treatment and arriving at a prog-
nosis for a variety of swellings including sores, pony
abscesses, jtt abscesses, goiters and tumors of the
These conditions may be caused by Helicobacter pp%ri
cinogen .
neck, scrofula, Phlegm nodes, and abdominal
masses and accumulations (tumors would un-
doubtedly be included among these conditions) .
These criteria are known as the five favorable and
seven unfavorable signs .
Zhong Guo Ming Ci Shu Yu Jie Shi [Explanation of
Chinese Nouns and Terms] recorded the five
favorable signs for sores (essentially a prognosis) as :
• leading a peaceful and tranquil life with a good
appetite
• normal urination and regular bowel movements
• creamy pus with normal color of the sur-
rounding skin and flesh
feeling in a good mood and speaking in a loud
and clear voice
• improvement after taking medicine
In other words, if the condition is not serious, or is
superficial and is treated appropriately with proper
care and a suitable diet, the prognosis is good .
Qi Dezhi recorded the seven unfavorable signs in
lVai Ke Jing Yi [The Essence of External Diseases] as :
• irritability and restlessness, intermittent cough-
ing, abdominal pain and severe thirst, or con-
stant diarrhea, or uncontrollable urination
• aggravation of swelling when blood or
foul-smelling pus is discharged, pain exacer-
bated by the slightest pressure
• deviated vision, constriction of the pupil, blue
or red sclera, with the pupils looking upward
(hypertropia)
• rough wheezing and shortness of breath, men-
tal abstraction and somnolence
• impaired movement of the shoulder and back,
and heave limbs
• inability to take food or herbal decoctions, no
sense of taste
• hoarse voice, a withered facial complexion,
blue-green lips and nose, and puffy swelling of
the face and eves.
In Aai Ke Zheng Zong [An Orthodox Manual of Ex-
ternal Diseases], Chen Shigong summarized the
seven unfavorable signs based on the clinical mani-
festations of tumors as :
infection, recognized by the WHO as a Class 1 gastric car-
 ONCOLOGY THEORY IN TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 15
mental confusion and incoherent mutterings,
irritability and dry mouth, and purplish-black
stares
rid body posture, squint, palpitations due to
fright, sores with exudation of blood and
watery liquid
crnaciation, obliviousness to pain, clear and
foul-smelling pus, and soft and sunken sores
withered skin, flaring nostrils and hoarse voice,
profuse phlegm, and rapid wheezing
miserable expression, thirst and retracted
s C: rotum
erali7ed edema, borborygmus, nausea and
retching, and lingering diarrhea
sunken malignant sores, counterflow cold of
e the limbs, and spontaneous flowing of turbid
t serious, or is liquid
y with proper In most instances, these unfavorable signs are due
is good. I )c ficiency of Original Qi (Yuan Qi), or severe
Drable signs in i fiicicncy of Qi and Blood after the tumor has
J Diseases] as: "1c c rittcd with profuse exudation of blood and pus.
iittent cough- it addition, use of too large a dosage of cold or
hirst, or con- ti materia medica of an offensive nature can also
7nation disharmony of Qi and Blood, and damage
i blood or ')plcen and Stomach to result in Deficiency.
pain exacer- l- 1wrctore, these favorable and unfavorable signs
v-c o c tic r t only used to determine a prognosis for
le pupil, blue ~wn r>, but were also looked at to establish the
)king upward >. ;Ihility of malignancy so that early and prompt
r-t ;;tmcflt could be undertaken .
breath, men-
ier and back, I tite ation of TCM with Western
,'rntdicine in the treatment of
ecoctions, no
cancer
complexion,
c 1 1)49, a number of institutions for cancer re
y swelling of
qtr; i l i we been established at national, provincial
tn,micipal levels in China . Large-scale clinical
.anual of Ex-
11aI r,turry research has been carried out on the
imarized the
;.finical mani- lwtimtm, diagnosis and treatment of cancer with
is=.( Medicine, Western medicine or integrated
t iltrorvcc and Western medicine. This has not only
)t ,ost to theoretical research in China, but
I gastric car- I> t expanded international exchanges .
lit t t t : ct pproach to both research and treatment,
Western biomedicine emphasizes eradicating local
tumors and killing the tumor cells. Surgery, radio-
therapy and chemotherapy will damage the body
and its various organisms to a greater or lesser ex-
tent; in the most extreme case, both tumor and
patient will be killed . On the other hand, Chinese
medicine has its own particular features in the
prevention and treatment of tumors . It takes the
overall condition of the patient into account by
regulating Yin and Yang and treating the disease by
pattern identification, any side-effects are minor,
and it is less invasive and therefore generally more
acceptable to patients .
For some tumors that are less responsive to
treatment by Western medicine such as hepatocel-
lular carcinoma, cancer of the pancreas and
non-small-cell carcinoma of the lungs, Chinese
medicine does have certain advantages . It is espe-
cially effective at enhancing the immune system and
reinforcing the body's ability to withstand diseases
by supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and cultivating
the Root, and at preventing, correcting or reducing
iatrogenic pain due to surgery, radiotherapy and
chemotherapy.
TCM works synergistically with Western medi-
cine methods to alleviate symptoms irrespective of
the patient's physical constitution, disease stage,
pathology, and possible complications. When dis-
pelling pathogenic factors, it does not damage Vital
Qi; conversely, while supporting Vital Qi, it does
not reinforce pathogenic factors .' The inclusion of
acupuncture, moxibustion, Qigong exercises and
diet therapy in the overall treatment strategy will
improve the patient's chances of recovery . If inte-
grated effectively, TCM can help prevent or elimi-
nate the development of certain tumors or can
allow patients to live longer without pain or suffering.
In studying measures for preventing and treating
tumors, TCM doctors have delved into the reposi-
tory bequeathed by their ancestors to combine this
with modern technology and the achievements
made in modern Western biomedicine. Experience
has also indicated that integrating Qigong and diet
therapy is effective in preventing the formation of
tumors by enhancing immunity and balancing Yin
and Yang.2 Treatment with Chinese herbal medicine
can impede the development of certain
 16 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
pre-cancerous conditions such as advanced hyper-
plasia of esophageal and cervical epithelial cells,
chronic atrophic gastritis, rhinitis, benign tumors of
the thyroid gland and breast, viral hepatitis, cirrhosis
of the liver, changes in skin pigmentation, and ra-
diation damage ; in so doing, it restores the tissues to
normal, thus reducing the incidence of malignant
degeneration .
Much clinical and experimental research has been
carried out into the internal and external application
of materia medica for supporting Vital Qi and cul-
tivating the Root, clearing Heat and relieving Toxic-
ity, invigorating the Blood and transforming Blood
stasis, and softening hardness and dissipating lumps .
Studies on the use of acupuncture, moxibustion,
Qigong, massage and diet therapy in the treatment
of cancer have also produced interesting results .
Single, compound and empirical formulae and pat-
ent drugs have also been systematically investigated,
and some active anti-cancer components have been
isolated by modern techniques . 3 A small sample of
this research can be found in subsequent chapters.
TCM can enhance specific and non-specific im-
munity by supporting Vital Qi and consolidating the
Root, balancing Yin and Yang, and correcting dis-
harmony between the Zang-Fu organs ; on the other
References
l. Yu Cunren et al.; Zhong Yi Yao King Ai De Mian I'i Ji
Li [Cancer-Inhibiting Immune Mechanism of Chi-
nese Materia Medica], Zhong Guo Zhong Liu [Chinese
Oncology Journal] 2,9 (1993) : 20-21 .
2. Li Yan, Zhong Liu Lira Cheng Bei Yao [Essentials of
Clinical Pattern Identification of Tumors], 2nd edi-
tion (Beijing : People's Medical Publishing House,
1998), 109.
hand, it works slowly and is not as immediately
effective and direct as Western biomedical methods .
However, the latter tend to produce relatively strong
side-effects . Chinese oncologists have combined the
strong points of Chinese and Western medicine and
supplemented the weak points of each method to
produce an integrated treatment that is more effec-
tive than either of the systems used on its own .
Using Chinese medicine alongside surgery, ra-
diotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy
means that pattern identification can be combined
with disease identification, local treatment with sys-
temic treatment, anti-cancer treatment with treat-
ment for supporting Vital Qi, and short-term
treatment with long-term treatment . Integration of
Chinese medicine and Western biomedicine im-
proves long-term therapeutic effectiveness, espe-
cially for patients with intermediate-stage or
late-stage cancer, by alleviating their suffering, rais-
ing their quality of life, and reducing the rate of
recurrence and metastasis . This form of integration
is common practice in China and the other chapters
of this book indicate how the rich legacy of Chi-
nese medicine can be used as part of an overall
treatment strategy to bring new hope to cancer
patients .
3. Zhang Yize et al ., Zhong Yao Zai E Xing Zhong Isu
Fang Liao Zhong De Jian Du Zeng Xiao Zuo I -ong [The
Role of Chinese Materia Medica in Increasing the
Effectiveness and Reducing the Toxicity of Chemo-
therapy in the Treatment of Malignant Tumors],
Shan Dong Zhong I'i Za Zhi [Shandong Journal of
Traditional Chinese Medicine] 17,11 (1998) : 488-9 .
s immediately
lical methods.
-latively strong Chapter 2
combined the
medicine and
ch method to
is more effec-
i its own.
surgery, ra-
imunotherapy
be combined
cent with sys- Etiology pathology
it with treat-
d short-term
ntegration of
nedicine im-
diagnosis and treatment
veness, espe-
iate-stage or
uffering, rais-
o tumors in Traditiona
the rate of
)f integration
-ther chapters
gacy of Chi-
Chinese Medicine
)f an overall
)e to cancer

Etiology and pathology of tumors 19

Diagnosis and treatment of tumors 29

Wing Zhong Uu
Zuo Yon,g [The
Increasing the
ity of Chemo-
iant Tumors],
ag journal of
1998) : 488-9 .
 Etiology and pathology
of tumors

Although all the etiological factors causing tumors have yet to be identified, experience in
clinical practice indicates that tumors are due to qualitative and irreversible changes in the
structure or function of the Zang-Fu organs, Qi and Blood, or Body Fluids . Tumors result
from an imbalance within the body or between the body and the external environment .

Etiological factors

THE SIX EXCESSES

The role played by invasion of the Six Excesses (pathogenic factors) in the formation of
cancerous tumors has been recognized since ancient times .
In TCM theory, invasion by any external pathogen can impede the functions of the
Zang-Fu organs, and obstruct the circulation of Qi and Blood, leading to Qi stagnation
and Blood stasis and congealing and accumulation of Phlegm-Damp, eventually leading to
the formation of tumors. The Six Excesses are among the major external factors causing
tumors .
Pathogenic Wind invading the Lungs
External Wind is the most important pathogenic factor as it is easy for it to invade the
body either on its own or in combination with other pathogenic factors (such as Cold,
Dampness, Dryness and Heat), thus giving rise to the maxim that "Wind is the chief of
the hundred diseases ." Many environmental carcinogens, including air pollution, can be
considered as being included under pathogenic Wind . Both lung and esophageal cancer
have air pollution as one of their causes .
A Yang pathogenic factor, external Wind penetrates the skin and impairs the movement
of Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) ; Wind migrates swiftly and changes rapidly, tending to move
upward and outward . It generally invades the upper part of the body, obstructing the Lung
channel and then spreading throughout the body .
External Wind can combine with Warmth to attack the body . External Wind-Warmth
transforms into Heat; extreme Heat in turn generates Wind so that the two pathogenic
factors transform into one another . When they are retained internally and accumulate, they
eventually produce Heat Toxins, which attack the Zang-Fu organs, channels and network
vessels to cause various pathological changes .
20 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Zing Shu [The Miraculous Pivot] says : "The eight
winds of the four seasons settle in the channels and
network vessels to cause tumors"
Invasion of pathogenic Cold
External pathogenic Cold chiefly injures the skin
and flesh but may also affect the Zang-Fu organs
directly. Cold is a Yin pathogenic factor and dam-
ages Yang Qi . Accumulation of Cold leads to Yin
exuberance with Yang debilitation . The bodily func-
tions of warming and Qi transformation are im-
paired, manifesting as Yin-Cold patterns.
If Cold affects the Spleen and Stomach, Spleen
Yang will be injured, resulting in cold and pain in
the stomach and abdomen, vomiting and diarrhea ;
these are common symptoms associated with can-
cers of the digestive system .
If Cold damages the Spleen and Kidneys, Spleen
and Kidney Yang will become debilitated ; Spleen
Yang cannot transport nourishment around the
body and Deficiency of Kidney Yang means that
Fire at the Gate of Vitality will fail to warm the
body. Under these circumstances, cold and pain in
the lower back and spine, ascites and edema will
occur; these are common symptoms associated with
cancers of the liver and kidneys .
Ling Shu [The Miraculous Pivot] says : "In Defi-
ciency patterns, pathogenic factors invade deep into
the body, and the struggle between Cold and Heat
will damage the flesh if it persists . If the pathogenic
factors cannot be dispelled, this will lead to the
formation of tumors in the sinews or intestines ."
This description indicates that Cold can lead to
tumors .
Cold is congealing and stagnant in nature; it
causes contracture and tension, leading to pain .
Sluggish movement, obstruction, contraction and
tension in the channels and vessels are all due to
Cold congealing and blocking the movement of Qi
and Blood . These pathological changes are very
similar to the mechanism of tumor-induced pain . In
the clinic, therefore, the principle of dissipating
Cold and alleviating pain is often used to treat this
type of condition.
Pathogenic Cold invading the skin and flesh
causes the hair follicles to contract and obstructs
Wei Yang (Defensive Yang), resulting in aversion to
cold and fever. Obstinate high fever in the late stag
of cancers can often be very effectively handled b'
treating Cold. Cold settling in the joints will lead tc
hypertonicity of the channels and vessels, inhibitec
bending and stretching, or coldness and numbness .
Clinical experience in China of the effectivenes
of dissipating Cold and warming Yang in treating
the symptoms described above when dealing witl
tumors of the spinal cord and other late-stag
tumors affecting the nervous system indicates tha
pathogenic Cold is one of the etiological factors it
tumor formation.
Pathogenic Summerheat damaging Qi
As a Yang pathogenic factor and scorching hot it
nature, Summerheat damages Body Fluids anc
consumes Qi; when Body Fluids are damaged, De
ficiency and depletion of Yin Liquids will occur
resulting in inhibited movement of Qi and Blood
Qi stagnation and Blood stasis can result in the
formation of tumors .
Summerheat is usually complicated by Dampness
particularly in those regions where summer is humid
These two pathogenic factors combine and steam tc
generate Heat; extreme Heat transforms into Fire
and Fire Toxins attack the body to cause a wide vari-
ety of disorders . Some cancer patients suffer frorr
high fever and profuse sweating, as in leukemia . Sucr
symptoms can be effectively treated with Ren Shen Ba
Hu Tang (Ginseng White Tiger Decoction) to aug-
ment Qi, generate Body Fluids, clear Heat and cool
the Blood .
Invasion of Damp Toxins
Dampness is a Yin pathogenic factor ; it obstructs
the functional activities of Qi and damages Yang Qi
Dampness is heavy, turbid and sticky, and tends to
linger. When it invades the body, it often stagnates
in the Zang-Fu organs and the channels and net-
work vessels, causing oppression in the chest, focal
distension in the epigastrium, difficulty in urination,
and defecation with a sensation of incomplete
evacuation . Accumulation of Dampness generates
Heat and Phlegm . When Phlegm-Heat Toxins ac-
cumulate, they are difficult to transform or disperse .
When Dampness invades Spleen-Earth, Spleen
Yang is devitalized, thus impairing the Spleen's
 ETIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY 21

the late stage it nsportanon and transformation function . Water bleeding, they are treated by clearing Heat, bearing
ly handled by acid Dampness accumulate to cause diarrhea, edema Fire downward, cooling the Blood and stopping
is will lead to t nd ascites. bleeding. Breast, cervical and skin cancer are often
sels, inhibited pathogenic Dampness invading the skin and treated by draining Fire and vanquishing Toxicity . In
3 numbness . I1r,,h results in disharmony of Ying Qi (Nutritive Yi Zong fin Jian [The Golden Mirror of Medicine], it
effectiveness +)i .Ind Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) ; as Wei Qi also says thatJian than (cocoon lip, with symptoms simi-
ig in treating *.prcads in the Middle Burner, clear Yang will fail to lar to cancer of the lips) is due to accumulation of
dealing with ri! , c, manifesting as a sensation of heaviness and Phlegm and Fire, which reflects the fact that patho-
ier late-stage !nuzziness in the head, generalized fatigue and ach- genic Fire is also an etiological factor in the forma-
indicates that iti1t limbs. tion of cancerous tumors.
cal factors in I ,, aul turbid Dampness invading the Spleen and
I'lidnevs will result in turbid urine, frequent and MISCELLANEOUS EXTERNAL FACTORS
I„i"~ibly painful urination, and profuse vaginal dis-
Qi l . arge . In more modern terms, external pathogenic factors
-thing hot in For late-stage cancer patients presenting with can also be considered to include physical, chemical
Fluids and k-uch symptoms, the prognosis is poor. and biological factors such as air pollution, indus-
amaged, De- trial chemicals, radiation, and certain viruses .'
s will occur, Dryness-Heat damaging Body Fluids
The World Health Organization (WHO) points
i and Blood. 1 Y:cng pathogenic factor, Dryness tends to con- out that occupational and environmental exposure
result in the 'uume Body Fluids and lead to Deficiency and de- to a number of chemicals can cause cancer at a
of Yin Liquids. The Lungs govern diffusion
variety of sites. Excessive consumption of alcohol
y Dampness, Mid downward-bearing . Dryness is liable to damage
increases the risk of cancer of the oral cavity,
ner is humid . 1,, i nI Yin, thus impairing the dispersion of Body
pharynx, and esophagus, and is strongly associated
and steam to I imr ds . The network vessels of the Lungs are deli-
with cancer of the liver in developed countries .
ns into Fire, t :u c and fragile; if they are damaged by Dryness, the
Strong links also exist between a number of infec-
a wide vari- im1N , cment of Blood in the vessels will be affected.
tions and certain types of cancer : viral hepatitis B is
suffer from I ~cthese reasons, in cases of lung cancer associated
linked with cancer of the liver, and human papil-
zkemia. Such idi Dryness-Heat damaging Body Fluids, a dry
loma virus infection with cervical cancer . In some
ui'h with blood-streaked phlegm frequently
Ken Shen Bai
countries the parasitic infection schistosomiasis sig-
ion) to aug- airs .
nificantly increases the risk of bladder cancer . Ex-
eat and cool The radiation pneumonitis that can occur during
posure to some forms of ionizing radiation and to
imhotherapy for lung, breast or esophageal cancers
excessive ultraviolet radiation particularly from the
.ui caused by Dryness-Heat damaging Body
sun is also known to give rise to certain cancers,
I inuls .
it obstructs notably of the skin. Table 2-1 lists potential envi-
ges Yang Qi . Dire Toxins scorching Yin ronmental carcinogens .
and tends to P .tt hogenic Fire can attack from the exterior . Fire is
en stagnates ,,,, (ttreme form of Heat ; it tends to burn, scorch INAPPROPRIATE DIET
-Is and net- i flame upward . When it attacks, it often causes
chest, focal f fever, irritability and thirst, sweating, and a Food and drink are the body's main sources of nu-
in urination, ra 3n~ and rapid pulse. In severe cases, it disturbs trition and are essential for maintaining the vital
incomplete f
Spirit light and leads to manic agitation, mental functions ; however, an inappropriate diet can be-
ss generates cr itafusion and delirious speech. come a cause of disease . Diet is closely related to
Toxins ac- r Heat stirring the Blood leads to the fre- the Spleen and Stomach, and a poor diet can di-
or disperse . y :-riis movement of Blood . Therefore, when tumors rectly affect the upward-bearing, downward-bearing,
firth, Spleen =c-,tjciated with this pattern result in massive transportation and transformation functions of
he Spleen's
 Table 2-1 Potential environmental carcinogens associated with the development o cancer a

Cancers Potential environmental carcinogens

Bladder Benzidine, aromatic amines, tobacco, alkylating agents, schistosomiasis
Cervix uteri Human papilloma virus
Esophagus Tobacco, alcohol
Kidney Radium, thorium
Larynx Tobacco, alcohol, ethyl carbinol, mustard gas
Leukemia Ionizing radiation, benzene, alkylating agents
Liver Aflatoxins, alcohol
(angiosarcoma) Vinyl chloride, arsenic
(hepatocarcinoma) Hepatitis viruses
Lung Tobacco, asbestos, arsenic, chromates, mustard gas, radiation
Nasal cavity and nasal sinuses Isopropanol, benzene, nickel, Epstein-Barr virus
Peritoneum Asbestos
Pharynx Tobacco, alcohol
Pleura Asbestos
Renal pelvis Dyes such as auramine and fuchsin rubin)
Skin Ultraviolet radiation, coal tar
Stomach Helicobacterpylori infection
Ureter Benzidine, B-naphthylamine (particularly affecting workers in the rubber and
cable industries)

these organs and lead to illness . Over time, accu-
mulation of Dampness transforms, into Heat and
generates Phlegm and can involve other Zang-Fu
organs. Diet can give rise to tumors in various ways .
Dietary irregularities
It is best to eat' an appropriate amount of food at
re ar mealtimes. Excessive hunger, overeating, or
eating at irregular times can all lead to illness . Ex-
cessive hunger results in insufficient nutrients being
absorbed, leading to weakness of the source of
generation and transformation of Qi and Blood.
When Qi and Blood are not adequately supple-
mented, they will gradually become weakened and
debilitated, resulting in Deficiency of Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi) and lowered resistance to attacks from
external pathogenic factors . Eating and drinking too
much impairs the digestive system and leads to ac-
cumulation and stagnation of food and damage to
the Spleen and Stomach. Su Wen: Bi Lun [Plain
Questions: On Bi Syndrome] says : "Double the
normal amount of food damages the Spleen and
Stomach ."
When the Spleen and Stomach are damaged, the
transformation, transportation and distribution of
the Essence of Grain and Water will be disturbed,
and the Zang-Fu organs and channels and network
vessels will not function properly. The movement
of Qi and Blood will be obstructed, resulting in Qi
stagnation and Blood stasis ; Qi and Blood will bind
together to form tumors or lumps .
When food stagnates, it can also transform into
Heat and assist Dampness to generate Phlegm, a
condition where Vital Qi is Deficient and patho-
genic factors are Excess. Su Wen: SbengQi Tong Tian
Lun [Plain Questions : On Generating Qi and Free-
ing Heaven] says: "Changing to fat meat and fine
grains is sufficient to generate a large clove sore ."
Here, "changing to fat meat and fine grains" refers
to dietary irregularities in general that tend to ob-
struct Qi and Blood and produce Toxic abscesses
and sores, which can be seen with certain tumors
such as skin cancer.
Unhealthy diet
An unhealthy diet can cause damage' to the gastro-
intestinal tract and throughout the body. Rotten,
putrid, contaminated or moldy ingredients used to

prepare food are considered as unclean food that
can contribute to the development of cancer ; a diet
htph in preserved, pickled, smoked and roasted
tc>od increases the chances of developing stomach
iiasis t sneer. Stomach cancer in the USA was four times
n lore prevalent in 1930 than now ; it is surmised that
:hip is due to lower consumption today of pickled
,und spoiled food2
fin Kui Yao Lire [Synopsis of the Golden Cham-
fer] says : "Eating spoiled rice, rotten meat and
putrid fish will damage the body, as they are toxic ."
+ >nce this contaminated food enters the Stomach
;end Intestines, it will congest and bind and cannot
1,( digested . Under these conditions, it will trans-
term into Heat and generate Toxins, vanquish
stomach Qi, and lie latent in the body as a patho
pr :nic factor to induce malignancy at a later date, for
example in cancers of the digestive system .
Food preferences
This means partiality to a certain kind of food, or a
rubber and
preference for food that is too hot or too cold . In
t Itc long run, these preferences will cause nutritional
ontfalance or a lack of nutrients, and exuberance or
stribution of
debilitation of Yin and Yang and the Zang-Fu
be disturbed,
"up.Ans . Drinking alcohol, eating food that is too
and network
too cold, too hot, or has been deep-fried or
e movement
tt,(,ked, overindulgence in fish, seafood, cheese and
:suiting in Qi
tci,, sweet or fatty food, or being in the habit of
)od will bind
c t I IT food too fast or squatting down to eat are all
t Netors that may eventually result in tumors .
tnsform into
)un Hou Mai Zheng Tong Lun [A General Treatise
e Phlegm, a
Pulse Conditions of the Throat] says : "Hou jun
and patho- tat mushroom, or cancer of the throat) is a
Qi Tong Tian tt ;ushroom-shaped nodule in the throat due to eat-
~i and Free- s r tl, too much rich, fatty, deep-fried or smoked food .
eat and fine
I i rat Toxins accumulated in the Heart and Spleen
clove sore." I : .mnnels will steam upward and form nodules in the
rains" refers tljro rti .
tend to ob- 1!' .:i Ke Zheng Zong [An Orthodox Manual of Ex-
is abscesses r d Diseases] says : "Jian chun (cocoon lip) is a
tan tumors snu'ming disease in the Stomach channel caused by
1 .111141 too much stir-fried, deep-fried or smoked
accompanied by excessive thought and
'c cupation . Phlegm moves upward with Fire to
the gastro-
t<,r t» lumps where it lodges in the lips ."
>dy. Rotten,
Overindulgence in alcohol and fried, fatty or rich
:nts used to
ETIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY 23
foods can damage the Spleen and Stomach ; Toxins
accumulate internally and retained Heat damages
Body Fluids and congeals to produce Phlegm,
eventually resulting in malignant tumors .
MODERN EQUIVALENTS
The term inappropriate diet, which appeared in
older TCM works, can also be taken to mean poss-
ible carcinogenic substances contained in food
nowadays, such as nitrosamines, bacteria, fungi and
viruses, as well as the various unhealthy eating hab-
its described above, which disturb the digestive
function and lead to nutritional imbalance . Overin-
dulgence in fatty, rich and sweet food, intake of too
much protein or fats, or nutritional imbalance are all
related to the possible subsequent appearance of
malignant tumors .
The Joint World Health Organization/Food and
Agricultural Organization Expert Consultation on
Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic
Diseases suggests that in recent years, substantial
evidence has pointed to the link between excessive
weight and many types of cancer such as esophag-
eal, colorectal, breast, endometrial and kidney can-
cers . They therefore strongly recommend control-
ling weight and avoiding weight gain in adulthood
by reducing caloric intake and performing physical
activity.
They also point out that the composition of the
diet is important since fruit and vegetables might
have a protective effect by decreasing the risk for
some cancer types such as oral, esophageal, gastric
and colorectal cancer . High intake of preserved
meat or red meat might be associated with increased
risk of colorectal cancer . Another aspect of diet
clearly related to cancer risk is the high consump-
tion of alcoholic beverages, which convincingly
increases the risk of cancer of the oral cavity,
pharynx, larynx, esophagus, liver, and breast .
NON-TRANSFORMATION OF PHLEGM-
DAMP, QI STAGNATION AND BLOOD
STASIS
Stagnation of Phlegm-Fluids
Phlegm-Fluids (tanyin) can manifest in various ways :

24 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Phlegm congesting the Lungs often causes
coughing and wheezing with expectoration of
phlegm.
Phlegm confounding the orifices of the Heart
leads to oppression in the chest, palpitations,
mental confusion, and mania and withdrawal .
• Phlegm collecting in the Stomach manifests as
nausea and vomiting with focal distension, full-
ness and discomfort.
Phlegm-Fluids attacking upward to the head
leads to dizziness or veiled vision .
• Fluids spreading to the skin and flesh result in
edema .
• Fluids collecting in the chest and hypochon-
drium will cause local pain that is worse on
coughing.
• Fluids above the diaphragm manifest as cough-
ing with the patient unable to lie flat.
• Fluids in the Intestines manifest as abdominal
distension, reduced appetite and borborygmus .
Phlegm-Fluids stagnating internally leads to various
diseases. Yang Ke Xin De Ji [A Collection of Experi-
ences in the Treatment of Sores] says: "Cancers and
tumors are not formed by binding of Yin, Yang or
Vital Qi (Zheng Qi), but by Blood stasis in the five
Zang organs and stagnation of turbid Qi or
Phlegm." Therefore, exuberant Phlegm, coughing
and wheezing, lumps and accumulation of liquids in
the body cavities, and some solid late-stage tumors
in comatose patients are often treated in the clinic
according to the principle of transforming, dis-
persing, flushing out, or dislodging Phlegm .
Phlegm pouring into the channels and network
vessels
Phlegm-Fluids (tan yin) that accumulate over a long
period and are not dispersed will flow into the
channels and network vessels. If retained there, they
will transform into Toxins, resulting in a condition
of congealing of Phlegm and accumulation of
Toxins that obstructs the channels and network
vessels and inhibits Qi transformation in the Triple
Burner, leading to binding of Phlegm Toxins.
Binding in the lower part of the neck will result in
goiter; in the nape, it will result in scrofula or shi song
(loss-of-luxuriance, or malignant tumor of the cer-
vical lymph nodes) ; in the throat, it will lead to
plum-pit Qi (globus hystericus) ; and in the skin and
flesh in various parts of the body, it will form
Phlegm nodes.
Dan Xi Xin Fa [Danxi's Experiential Therapy]
says : "Most lumps in the upper, middle or lower
part of the body are due to Phlegm . Since Phlegm
has substance, it can follow Qi up and down, and
can reach everywhere ." It is for this reason that
superficial benign or malignant tumors, and primary
and secondary malignant tumors of the lymphatic
system are treated from the outset with measures
aimed at dealing with Phlegm.
Qi stagnation and Blood stasis
Qi and Blood nourish and moisten the body - the
Zang-Fu organs in the interior and the skin, flesh,
sinews and bones in the exterior. They are also the
material basis for mental activities . Su U'en: Ba Zheng
Shen Ming Lun [Plain Questions : On the Eight Vitals
and Understanding the Spirit] says : "Blood and Qi
are the Spirit of the human body and should be
nourished with great care ." Disharmony of Qi and
Blood often manifests as Qi stagnation and Blood
stasis, which in the long run must result in masses
and accumulations.
Gu fin Yi Tong [Ancient and Modern Medicine]
says : "If food seems to go down to the stomach in
a circuitous way, accompanied by pain, this indicates
the presence of dead Blood ." In more modern
terms, this indicates that Blood stasis is one of the
pathologies of esophageal cancer . Yi Lin Gai Cuo
[Corrections of the Errors in Medical Works] also
states that lumps in the abdomen must be due to
Blood that has taken on form .
TCM literature down the ages considers that
breast cancer is related to the Liver and Spleen,
arising due to depression and anger damaging the
Liver and leading to constrained Liver Qi, excessive
thought and preoccupation damaging the Spleen
and impairing the Spleen's transportation and
transformation function, Phlegm-Damp collecting
in the interior, mutual binding of Phlegm and Qi,
and Qi stagnation and Blood stasis . Yi Zong fin Jian
[The Golden Mirror of Medicine] says : "Hard
nodes in the breast are due to retention, binding
and stagnation of Qi in the Liver and Spleen chan-
nels . In mild cases, they take the form of mammary
 ETIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY 25

the skin and lotus (ru lian), in severe cases, mammary rock (ru damage the Spleen . When wishes accumulate in the
t will form van) ." Therefore, at the initial stage, breast cancer is Heart for a long period and cannot be fulfilled,
treated by dredging the Liver and regulating Qi . As movement in the channels and network vessels will
!al Therapy] the tumor grows and becomes firmer, materia not be smooth. Accumulation results in Phlegm
ile or lower medica for invigorating the Blood and transforming nodes, which gradually develop into cancer."
rote Phlegm Blood stasis are added . Wai Ke Zheng Zong also describes the etiology of
I down, and Many types of solid cancerous tumors are due to shi rong (loss-of-luxuriance sore) as : "Failure to fulfill
reason that Qi stagnation and Blood stasis and can therefore be the six desires and damage to Qi in the Middle
and primary treated according to the principle of regulating Qi, Burner, along with mutual congealing of Depres-
to lymphatic invigorating the Blood and transforming Blood sta- sion and Fire, which follows Phlegm to obstruct the
th measures ins . passages."
Chuang Yang Jing Yan Quan Shu [A Complete
INTERNAL DAMAGE CAUSED BY THE Manual of Experience in the Treatment of Sores]
SEVEN EMOTIONS states thatjian chun (cocoon lip, or cancer of the lips)
body - the is due to the six pathogenic factors and seven emo-
skin, flesh, ternal damage caused by the seven emotions is an tions affecting each other, or excessive thought and
are also the important factor in the formation of cancerous anxiety leading to intense Heart-Fire .
'en: Ba Zheng tumors . Yi Zong Bi Du [Required Readings for Yang Ke Xin De Ji [A Collection of Experiences in
Eight Vitals Medical Professionals] says: "Ye ge (dysphagia and the Treatment of Sores] says : "Gan sore of the
lood and Qi ili,thhragmatic occlusion, one of the main symp- tongue, which can gradually develop into cancer, is
i should be t,,ms in esophageal cancer) is due to depletion of due to irritability in the Heart generating Fire, or
y of Qi and .Wtl damage to Qi and Blood . Sorrow, anxiety, and thought and preoccupation damaging the Spleen
i and Blood ' . cessive thought and preoccupation damage the
c- and leading to Qi stagnation. This causes accumula-
dt in masses `,p cen and Stomach, consume the Blood and Body tion of Body Fluids, which are congealed by Fire to
I luids and cause Qi to stagnate, thus generating form persistent Phlegm, giving rise to very serious
n Medicine] I'lilcgm . Once Phlegm is formed, it will obstruct symptoms ."
stomach in th,~ passages ; Qi can ascend but cannot descend, Wai Ke Wen Da [Questions and Answers in Ex-
:his indicates .111d food intake is hindered ." Ding Bu Ming Yi Zhi ternal Diseases] says: "Sinew tumor is a disorder
ore modern f't-:n [A Revised Medical Handbook] says : "In due to depression and anger damaging the Liver,
one of the tyu)st instances, ye ge arises due to anxiety and de- and anxiety and thought damaging the Spleen and
Un Gai Cuo l'wssion, which causes binding of Qi in the chest Lungs."
Works] also _,r i1 generation of Phlegm . Phlegm eventually binds The emotional factors described in TCM litera-
;t be due to 1~,rm nodes and sticks in the Upper Burner, thus ture include functions of the neurohumoral system
(autitng the disease ." in Western medicine. Emotional changes can induce
nsiders that I u Rev Da Quan Liang Fang [Complete Effective stimulation or inhibition of the nervous system,
and Spleen, 1'tr".criptions for Women's Diseases] says : "Ru yan increase or decrease the production of some hor-
amaging the o mnary rock) is due to depression and anger in
.1 mones, disturb the balance of body fluids, and
:~i, excessive 1 .i\'ur and Spleen, and depletion of and damage cause the accumulation of metabolic products.
the Spleen and Blood ." Dan Xi Xin Fa [Danxi's Experi- These changes provide an environment for the
rtation and i r r t) Al Therapy] says : "A woman who has been in a development of cancer cells . Emotional factors can
ip collecting totz, of anxiety and depression for a long period also inhibit the functions of the immune system
;gm and Qi, 4+: ali have obstruction of Spleen Qi and transverse and increase susceptibility to certain cancers .
Zong fin Jian f-, i n t e rflow of Liver Qi. This will gradually give
,

says: "Hard tt>, t,) dormant nodes ." DEFICIENCY AND DEPLETION OF THE
11 ai 1 Zheng Zong [An Orthodox Manual of Ex-
ion, binding ZANG-FU ORGANS
Spleen chan- 1cm ;t1 Diseases] says : "Sorrow and depression
)f mammary d.mi ,,g1c the Liver, and thought and preoccupation The Zang-Fu organs denote a functional system of
26 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
the five Zang (Yin) organs, the six Fu (Yang) organs,
and the extraordinary organs, with the Essence, Qi,
Blood and Body Fluids forming the material basis,
and the channels and network vessels functioning as
routes of communication . Deficiency and depletion
of the Zang-Fu organs not only means insufficiency
of the congenital (Earlier Heaven) constitution or
Deficiency of the acquired (Later Heaven) constitu-
tion due to lack of nourishment, it also includes
damage to the organs' functions due to the Six
Excesses, internal damage caused by the seven emo-
tions, and dietary irregularities .
Under normal conditions, the functions of the
five Zang organs promote and control each other,
the six Fu organs cooperate with each other, and
the Zang and Fu organs stand in an interior-exterior
relationship. The Zang organs govern the limbs, the
five sense organs and the nine orifices. All parts of
the body function soundly and harmoniously to
keep the body healthy and capable of resisting inva-
sion by external pathogenic factors . Only when the
organs are Deficient or not functioning properly
can pathological factors cause tumors to form .
Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun [A General Treatise on
the Causes and Symptoms of Diseases] says : "Ac-
cumulations are caused by disharmony between Yin
and Yang and Deficiency of the Zang-Fu organs,
complicated by invasion of pathogenic Wind, which
struggles with the Qi of the Zang-Fu organs.
Jing Yue Quan Shu [The Complete Works of
Zhang Jingyue] also stated that anyone with insuffi-
ciency of the Spleen and Stomach or impairment
of the functions of the Spleen and Stomach due to
Deficiency is likely to suffer from illnesses due to
accumulations.
In a discussion on accumulations, Zhi Fa Ji Yao
[Secrets of Treatment] states : "Accumulations do
not affect robust persons, only those suffering from
Deficiency. They occur when there is Deficiency of
the Spleen and Stomach, debilitation of both Qi
and Blood, and external contraction of pathogenic
factors in all four seasons ."
These extracts indicate that Deficiency and de-
pletion of the Zang-Fu organs are an internal cause
of tumors ; in other words they provide a predis-
posing condition for various carcinogenic factors .
Generally speaking, Deficiency and depletion of
the Zang-Fu organs are related to age and gende
As people get older, so their Kidney Qi become
more debilitated and the Zang-Fu organs weaker
There is therefore a greater possibility that tumor
may form .
Jing Yue Quan Shu [The Complete Works o :
Zhang Jingyue] says : "Ye ge (dysphagia and dia
phragmatic occlusion) rarely occurs in young peopl,
but is more common in middle-aged people whose
Qi and Blood have been exhausted or damaged .'
Wai Ke Qi Xuan [Revelations of the Mystery of Ex
ternal Diseases] clearly states that "cancers occur it
persons aged 40 and older with depletion of Blood
and debilitation of Qi, and a predilection for ricl
foods."
Women and men clearly have different physiques
and so the type and location of cancers also differ
In Ling Shu: Shui Zhong [The Miraculous Pivot: Or
Edema] it was recorded that Qi Bo said : "Shi jia (,
stone-like mass) occurs in the uterus and therefore
only affects women ." Ren Zhai Zhi Zhi Fang [Direr
Indications of Ren Zhai's Formulae] says : "In men
cancer is more likely to affect the Spleen ; in women
the breast."
Therefore, when analyzing the causes of a dance
consideration should be given to the person's con-
stitution, age and gender to the extent that these
may give rise to Deficiency and depletion of the
Zang-Fu organs.
The TCM definition of Deficiency and depletion
of the Zang-Fu organs covers a number of cause,,
that Western medicine refers to as "congenital fac-
tors", such as congenital defects, genetic factors,
immunodeficiency, a weaker constitution associated
with advancing age, and higher susceptibility to cer-
tain cancers in young people (possibly related to s
genetic predisposition) .
In recent years, cancer researchers have paid
more attention to the role played by genetic and
immune factors in the origin of tumors . Many can-
cer patients have a weakened immune function
Genetic factors also appear to affect the risk of de-
veloping certain benign or malignant tumors of
certain cancers such as multiple neurofibroma.
retinoblastoma, nephroblastoma, multiple lipoma:
and liver, breast, stomach, colorectal and cervices
cancers. 3
 ETIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY 27

e and gender. Epidemiological surveys have demonstrated that Deficiency and depletion of the Zang-Fu organs .
Qi becomes the incidence of cancer and genetic susceptibility These etiological factors are not usually a cause of
rgans weaker. v- ;q\ , between races and individuals, whereas statisti- disease in isolation, but respond to internal and ex-
y that tumors cal studies have also demonstrated that incidence is ternal factors affecting the body, which cause
also related to age and that, in different age groups, Yin-Yang imbalance, disharmony of Qi and Blood,
to Works of incidence differs between sexes. 4 These results con- dysfunction of the Zang-Fu organs, and local
tgia and dia- firm the theory that Deficiency and depletion of manifestations of Toxic pathogenic factors . Defi-
young people, the Zang-Fu organs as described in classical TCM ciency and depletion of the Zang-Fu organs is an
people whose literature is a factor in the development of cancer . inevitable outcome of various pathological factors
or damaged ." and at the same time is a prerequisite for the devel-
:ystery of Ex- opment of cancer. Therefore, it is essential to apply
icers occur in the theory of Deficiency of Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) to
ion of Blood ,hinese medicine therefore considers that the assist in the treatment of cancer by supporting Vital
:tion for rich dlcvelopment of cancer is closely related to external Qi and cultivating the Root, regulating the functions
pathogenic factors, dietary and emotional causes, of the Zang-Fu organs, and restoring the balance
ant physiques, neon-transformation of Phlegm-Damp, and between Yin and Yang.
rs also differ .
us Pivot : On
id: "Shijia (a
and therefore
Fang [Direct
rys: "In men,
n; in women,

s of a cancer,
)erson's con-
it that these
2tion of the

nd depletion
er of causes
ngenital fac-
cetic factors,
n associated
bility to cer-
related to a

have paid
genetic and
. Many can-
ie function .
risk of de-
tumors or
urofibroma,
ple lipoma,
.nd cervical
 Diagnosis and treatment
of tumors

Basic principles

HOLISM
Holism is an important concept guiding the identification of patterns and determination
of the treatment for tumors with Chinese medicine . In TCM, holism means the unity and
integrity of the human body and its relationship with the natural environment. In diagnos-
ing and treating tumors, Chinese medicine considers the patient's overall condition rather
than focusing on the cancer itself or the particular symptoms .
The etiological factors giving rise to cancer have been discussed in detail above . In terms
of pathology, most TCM scholars are of the opinion that the three key elements in the
development of tumors are Qi stagnation and Blood stasis, accumulation and binding of
Heat Toxins, and Deficiency of Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) . As a result, three schools of thought
in the treatment of tumors gradually formed - supporting Vital Qi and cultivating the
Root; invigorating the Blood and transforming Blood stasis ; and clearing Heat and reliev-
ing Toxicity. For late-stage cancers, the most important measure is to support Vital Qi and
cultivate the Root.
In addition, the theory of the accumulation and congealing of Phlegm-Damp is also
important in the development of cancer . Such phrases in medical books as "all diseases
arise from Phlegm" and "most masses occurring in the upper, middle or lower part of the
body are due to Phlegm" illustrate this point. Some authors therefore list transforming
Phlegm and softening hardness as the fourth major treatment principle .
Diagnosis and treatment of tumors in Chinese medicine is based on identifying the loca-
tion of the disease, the nature of the patterns (Heat or Cold, Deficiency or Excess, Root or
Manifestation), and other factors relevant to the treatment such as the season, environ-
mental conditions, and the characteristics of individual patients .
In the later stages of cancer, it is often difficult for patients to tolerate measures such as
radiotherapy or chemotherapy since Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) is becoming more debilitated day
by day and the immune function and overall strength are weakening . Supporting Vital Qi
and cultivating the Root is of particular importance at this stage, as the relative strength or
weakness of Vital Qi and pathogenic factors determines the outcome of the condition .
30 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
The saying "when Vital Qi prevails, pathogenic
factors are reduced ; when pathogenic factors are
exuberant, Vital Qi is debilitated" is not just a
description of the changes occurring in determining
the development of a disease ; existing tumors can
be treated according to this principle . Modern
research has shown that materia medica for sup-
porting Vital Qi and cultivating the Root can
enhance the immune function and control the
growth of tumor cells (see Chapter 4) .
IDENTIFYING PA11 ERNS AND SEEKING
DISEASE CAUSES
The practitioner must resolve the "contradiction"
of the specific nature of a disease or tumor on the
basis of an analysis of the general condition of the
disease. Cancer patients usually have a palpable
tumor or lump, corresponding to the masses (g beng
jia) or accumulations Yi ju) of Chinese medicine .
However, the etiology and pathology of tumors
vary. Therefore, in pattern identification, seeking the
cause of the disease allows the practitioner to de-
termine the principal pattern (thu .Zheng) that reflects
the basic nature of the disease and determines its
development, no matter how numerous or severe
the symptoms are .
When diagnosing and treating tumors, the prin-
cipal pattern must be identified from the complex
group of clinical manifestations . In determining the
principal pattern, a decision cannot be reached by
relying solely on the number and obviousness of
symptoms; a comparative analysis of the etiology
and pathology must also be made .
For example, patients with a late-stage tumor will
have a relatively complicated illness . Apart from the
tumor itself, symptoms may include fatigue, poor
appetite and emaciation, and other manifestations
of Spleen Deficiency. Once Spleen Deficiency has
been identified as the principal pattern, the treat-
ment principle of regulating the Spleen and Stom-
ach can be applied with appropriate modifications,
and the symptoms will certainly improve .
Other cases may present with a painful tumor, a
bitter taste in the mouth, fullness and distension in
the abdomen, and constipation . Although other
patterns are present, an analysis of the pathology
identifies the principal pattern as Blood stasis and
Toxins binding internally, which would need to be
treated by relieving Toxicity and dispelling Blood
stasis.
It should nevertheless be noted that the principal
pattern does not always remain the principal pattern
throughout the course of the disease ; in some
instances, it may undergo fundamental changes, in
other instances, it may be replaced by what was pre-
viously a subsidiary pattern .
For example, in stomach cancer, the symptoms
of stomach pain with exacerbation on pressure,
distension, fullness and discomfort in the stomach,
lumps in the abdomen, and reduced appetite indi-
cate a pattern of Blood stasis in the interior to be
treated by regulating the Spleen and Stomach in
combination with dispelling Blood stasis . However,
if blood in the stool or vomiting of blood become
severe during this treatment and is accompanied by
fatigue and a pale facial complexion, this indicates
that the principal pattern has shifted from Blood
stasis to bleeding and should be treated according to
the principle of stopping bleeding and supple-
menting and augmenting Qi and Blood .
TREATING THE SAME DISEASE WITH
DIFFERENT METHODS AND TREATING
DIFFERENT DISEASES WITH THE SAME
METHOD
The same disease may be treated according to dif-
ferent principles if the etiologies and pathologies or
clinical manifestations are different . The same
commonly seen tumor may have different charac-
teristics and clinical manifestations in different
patients or even in the same patient at different
times or at different stages of the disease . In Chi-
nese medicine, different patterns are therefore
involved and should be treated accordingly.
In lung cancer, for example, the nature and
manifestations of the cancer will differ according to
the constitution of the patient, the stages of the
disease (early, intermediate or late), or the type of
cancer involved (squamous carcinoma or adenoma) .
Some patients will present with dry cough and scant
phlegm, chest pain, dry mouth and throat,
low-grade fever, and lack of strength ; the main
 DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 31

)od stasis and treatment principle here therefore should be to involving the female reproductive system such as
old need to be nourish Yin . Other patients will present with cough those of the uterus, cervix, ovaries, vagina, or fallo-
spelling Blood with copious phlegm, and pain and oppression in pian tubes, and trophoblastoma, caution must be
the chest, but without a dry mouth . This is a pattern exercised in the administration of materia medica or
.t the principal of Phlegm-Damp obstructing the Lungs and the patent medicines. For example, when prescribing
incipal pattern main treatment principle should be to transform materia medica for breaking up Blood stasis, great
:ase; in some Phlegm and diffuse the Lungs . care must be taken during menstruation to avoid
al changes, in On the other hand, different diseases may be menorrhagia .
what was pre treated according to the same principles where the The Liver is an extremely important organ for
etiologies, pathologies or clinical manifestations are women; they are subject to binding Depression of
he symptoms the same . Different commonly seen tumors may Liver Qi and stagnation and Deficiency of
on pressure, have the same manifestations or symptoms . For Liver-Blood . Materia medica for dredging the Liver
the stomach, example, patterns of Toxic pathogenic factors and regulating Qi, and nourishing the Blood and
appetite indi- binding in the interior can occur in liver cancer, lung emolliating the Liver should therefore be used .
interior to be cancer or other cancers; they can all be treated The Essence is very important for men, who are
l Stomach in according to the principle of dispelling pathogenic susceptible to prostate and testicular cancer, and
sis . However, factors and relieving Toxicity. Late-stage cancer therefore materia medica for augmenting the
-food become patients with stasis marks on the tongue and tumors Essence should be used .
:ompanied by in the interior exhibit the characteristics of a Blood Physiological functions and pathological changes
this indicates stasis pattern and can be treated according to the vary with age and therefore treatment will also differ .
from Blood principle of invigorating the Blood and transform- The rate of incidence of tumors is higher in the
according to ing Blood stasis, irrespective of the type of tumor elderly as their constitution gradually weakens as a
and supple- involved . result of insufficiency of Qi and Blood and damage
to the Zang-Fu organs . Most cancers in the elderly
are due to Deficiency of Vital Qi (Zheng Qi), and
TREATMENT ACCORDING TO PERSON,
USE WITH appropriate consideration should be given to meas-
TIME AND PLACE ures for supporting Vital Qi .
'REATING
'HE SAME As is the case for other diseases, tumors should be On the other hand, Qi and Blood are not yet
treated according to person, time and place ; in other fully developed in children and pathology changes
words, season, location, and the constitution and rapidly from Deficiency to Excess patterns . The
rding to dif- occurrence of cancers in children generally has a
age of patients should be taken into consideration .
tthologies or Differences in the environment and lifestyle, in- genetic basis and should be treated by enriching and
The same supplementing Kidney Yin, fortifying the Spleen
cluding dietary variations, appear to have an effect
:rent charac- and augmenting Qi to support Vital Qi, and by
on the physiology, pathology and incidence of can-
in different clearing Heat and transforming Phlegm to expel
cers. Data indicate that the highest incidence of
at different pathogenic factors.
stomach cancer is in Japan, followed by Chile and
:ase. In Chi- Individuals vary greatly in their constitution and
Finland, while the USA is down in 24th place ;
e therefore in their susceptibility to Cold or Heat . This reflects
gly. however, much higher rates of colorectal cancer are
seen in European countries and the USA than in the functional and pathological characteristics of
nature and the Zang-Fu organs, Qi and Blood in each individ-
according to the Far East.
ual and should be treated accordingly. A patient
ages of the Treatment according to the person with a normal constitution who becomes ill is likely
the type of Treatment according to the person takes account of to recover relatively quickly with little or no sequelae .
r adenoma) . the patient's age, gender, constitution and life-style. Diseases occurring in these people are best treated
h and scant Men and women have different physiological and by attacking pathogenic factors early to restore Vital
nd throat, pathological characteristics and treatment will Qi.
the main therefore be different. When treating cancers Qi and Blood are apt to stagnate in patients of a
32 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
melancholic disposition, who should be treated ac-
cording to the principles of moving Qi, invigorating
the Blood and transforming Blood stasis. In
patients suffering from fatigue, Qi and Blood are
likely to be damaged and debilitated ; measures for
augmenting Qi and nourishing the Blood (especially
by supplementing the Spleen and Kidneys) should
be employed .
Phlegm-Damp can easily stagnate in individuals
who are overweight or inactive (this type of person
tires easily and seems to lack strength) ; treatment
should aim at dispelling or drying Dampness and
flushing out Phlegm . On the other hand, individuals
with a hot and dry constitution are likely to suffer
from depletion of Yin Liquids and should therefore
be treated by enriching Yin, generating Body Fluids
and moistening Dryness . The treatment principle of
warming and supplementing Yang Qi should be
used for those who feel the cold and are lethargic,
as these people are more likely to suffer from de-
bilitation of Yang Qi .
Treatment according to time and place
Treatment according to place takes account of geo-
graphic location, environmental conditions and
availability of foodstuffs, whereas treatment ac-
cording to time means taking climatic variations
into consideration .
Diseases occurring in cold and dry locations at
higher altitudes usually manifest as Dryness-Cold
patterns and should be treated by acrid and mois-
tening materia medica ; although acridity disperses
Cold, it can cause Dryness, which therefore needs
to be offset by moistening materia medica . In addi-
tion, repeated exposure to strong sunlight, especially
at high altitudes, is likely to increase the risk of skin
cancer . Diseases occurring in warm or hot and
humid locations at lower altitudes usually manifest
as Damp-Heat patterns, and should be treated by
clearing Heat and transforming Dampness .
As the weather warms up, Yang Qi rises and the
interstices (cou ii) are loose and open . In these cir-
cumstances, acrid, warm and dissipating materia
medica should be used very cautiously, even for
patients with Cold patterns, to avoid consuming Qi
and injuring Yin by inducing too much sweating . In
autumn and winter, as the weather grows colder,
Yin becomes more exuberant and Yang more de-
bilitated ; the interstices (cou Ii) close and Yang Qi is
constrained and stored internally . In these seasons,
except in cases of high fever, cold or cool materia
medica should be prescribed very cautiously, thus
preventing bitter cold from injuring Yang .
If the same disease occurs in the same season but
in different geographic locations, the treatment is
also different . For severe Cold patterns in North-
west China, where the climate is dry all the year and
very cold in winter, large dosages of Fu Zz* (Radix
Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli Praeparata) and Rou
Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) are often admin-
istered, while in Southeast China, where the climate
is mild and humid, Ba Ji Tian (Radix Morindae Offi-
cinalis) and Yin Yang Huo (Herba Epimedii) would
be chosen .
Contact with other carcinogens such as mercury,
cadmium, aluminum, arsenic, phosphorus, fluorine
or asbestos should also be taken into consideration .
Common methods of treating
tumors with Chinese medicine
As a general rule, treatment should be based on
dispelling pathogenic factors for cancers at the early
or intermediate stage where patients still have a rela-
tively robust constitution and Vital Qi (Zheng Qi)
has not yet become Deficient .
As the cancers develop from the intermediate to
the late stage, Vital Qi will weaken and become De-
ficient and the situation should be treated by sup-
plementing and attacking simultaneously, in other
words, by supporting Vital Qi and expelling the
cancer Toxins. The emphasis will vary depending on
the particular situation of the disease at any given
time : the main treatment principle may be supple-
menting Deficiency, assisted by supporting Vital Qi,
or the other way round, or both principles may be
given equal weight .
At the late stage of cancers, Vital Qi will already
be extremely debilitated and too weak to withstand
attack ; the main treatment principle will therefore
be to support Vital Qi with the addition of very
small dosages of materia medica for dispelling
pathogenic factors.
 DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 33

rig more de- The constitution of cancer patients who have on harmony between Qi and Blood . Once a malig-
3 Yang Qi is already undergone surgery to remove the tumor or nant tumor forms, Qi will be constantly consumed
iese seasons, who have undertaken radiotherapy or chemother- and Blood continuously damaged . Surgery, radio-
cool materia apy will inevitably be damaged to a certain extent therapy and chemotherapy will damage Vital Qi
.tiously, thus even though the tumor has been removed or (Zheng Qi) and lead to insufficiency of Qi and
ig. brought under control ; in these circumstances, Blood. The treatment principle of supplementing
e season but treatment should be aimed at supporting Vital Qi Qi and nourishing the Blood is based on the theory
treatment is and regulating the Spleen and Stomach . of Qi and Blood sharing a common source and Yin
s in North- Except in cases of total removal of cancerous growing when Yang arises . Supplementing both Qi
the year and tumors by surgery at the early stage, some cancer and Blood nourishes the body and enhances
i Zl* (Radix Toxins may remain after surgery, radiotherapy or physiological functions . Therefore, this treatment
ta) and Rou chemotherapy, and thus may cause recurrence or principle is commonly used in treating tumors .
ften admin- metastasis of the cancer . In these circumstances, it Indications Deficiency of both Qi and Blood, for
the climate is better to combine the treatment principles of example due to consumption of Qi and Blood in
rindae Offi- supporting Vital Qi and dispelling pathogenic fac- the intermediate and late stages of cancer with
.edii) would tors. symptoms and signs such as dizziness, shortness of
In addition, application of measures to support breath and little desire to speak, lack of strength,
as mercury, Vital Qi and regulate the Spleen and Stomach dur- spontaneous sweating, a pale white or sallow yellow
us, fluorine ing a course of radiotherapy or chemotherapy not facial complexion, palpitations, insomnia, pale lips,
isideration . only mitigates the adverse side-effects of the treat- tongue and nails, dry hair or hair loss, a pale and
ment, but also enhances the patient's immune func- tender tongue, and a thready and weak pulse .
tion. Adding small dosages of materia medica for This treatment principle is also indicated for
reating relieving Toxicity can also boost the effect of consumption of Qi and Blood after surgery, radio-
icine radiotherapy and chemotherapy in treating cancer . therapy or chemotherapy with subsequent Defi-
ciency and depletion of Qi and Blood.
based on HERBAL MEDICINE Commonly used materia medica
at the early
lave a rela- Supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and cultivating Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng), or
Zheng Qi) the Root Hong Shen (Radix Ginseng Rubra) or
The treatment principle of supporting Vital Qi Bai Shen (Radix Ginseng Alba) as alternatives
mediate to (Zheng Qi) and cultivating the Root is derived from Xi Yang Shen* (Radix Panacis Quinquefolii)
!come De- the general principles of treating Deficiency by Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
_ :d by sup- supplementing, and treating depletion and damage HuangQi (Radix Astragals seu Hedysari)
; in other by augmenting or boosting. Clinical practice indi- Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
Jelling the cates that supplementing Deficiency and supporting Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
ending on Vital Qi can help to control the development of Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati)
any given cancer. Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae)
>e supple- Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
; Vital Qi, Supplementing Qi and nourishing the Blood Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
:s may be Theoretical basis: Qi and Blood are the basic sub- GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii)
stances making up the human body and maintaining Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
ill already life . They originate from the Essence of Grain and Conquita)
withstand Water and the Essence Qi of the Kidneys, and are E Jiaol (Gelatinum Corn Asini)
therefore physiologically interdependent . Qi is the com- Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltsorrhizae)
i of very mander of Blood and Blood is the mother of Qi . Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae)
dispelling The normal activities of the human body depend Zhi He Shou Wu (Radix Polygoni Multiflors Praeparata)

34 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Long Yan Rou (Arillus Euphoriae Longanae)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
APPLICATIONS
• The principle of supplementing Qi and nour-
ishing the Blood is designed to treat Deficiency
of both Qi and Blood . However, since Ances-
tral Qi (Zong Qi) is Deficient, Qi is too weak to
move, and Qi stagnation is likely. Therefore,
small dosages of materia medica for moving Qi
can be added .
Since Qi Deficiency tends to cause Blood stasis,
materia medica for invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis should be added . Not
only do they enhance the effect of supple-
menting Qi and generating Blood, but they also
improve blood circulation and restrain the
growth and development of tumors .
• In cases of Excess pathogenic factors, materia
medica for dispelling pathogenic factors should
be added to the prescription .
Enriching Yin and nourishing the Blood
Theoretical basis: The Kidneys store the Essence and
house True Yin (Kidney Yin) and True Yang (Kid-
ney Yang). Kidney Yin is the foundation of all the
Yin Liquids in the body ; it enriches and moistens
the body and the Zang-Fu organs, fills up and
nourishes the brain, Marrow and bones, and con-
trols the stirring of Fire due to Yang hyperactivity
to maintain the normal activities of the body. In the
later stages of cancer, Yin-Essence is almost com-
pletely exhausted. The treatment principle of en-
riching Yin and nourishing the Blood is derived
from the basic principle of supplementing insuffi-
ciency of Essence with appropriate materia medica .
Indications: Blood Deficiency and insufficiency of
Kidney Yin patterns, manifesting at the intermediate
or late stages of cancer with symptoms and signs such
as fever, infection, Toxins in the blood, and ulcerating
tumors with exudation, which eventually lead to deple-
tion of Yin Liquids; these symptoms may be accom-
panied by expectoration of blood, blood in the stool,
nosebleed or other bleeding patterns .
This treatment principle is also indicated for pat-
terns of insufficiency of Yin and Blood with
symptoms and signs such as tidal fever, dry mouth
and throat, a sensation of heat in the chest, soles
and palms, dizziness and tinnitus, constipation,
lower-than-normal peripheral blood values (blood
cell count), and a red tongue body with no coating.
Commonly used materia medica
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi)
Zhi He Shou Wu (Radix Polygon Multiflori
Praeparata)
Long Yan Rou (Arillus Euphoriae Longanae)
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae)
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi)
Zi He Chet (Placenta Hominis)
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii)'
Gui Ban Jiao* (Gelatinum Plastri Testudins)
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis)
Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu Adenophorae)
APPLICATIONS
• The principle of enriching Yin and nourishing
the Blood is designed to treat patterns of Blood
Deficiency and insufficiency of Kidney Yin .
Most of the materia medica used for this pur-
pose are sticky and greasy in property and cool
in nature, and can obstruct the Stomach and
reinforce Dampness if used for a long time .
Therefore, materia medica for fortifying the
Spleen and regulating Qi are usually added to
prevent abdominal distension and poor appe-
tite .
• In cases with Deficiency-Heat, materia medica
for clearing Deficiency-Heat should be added to
the prescription .
• This treatment principle is contraindicated for
patients with Spleen Deficiency and loose
stools .
Nourishing Yin and generating Body Fluids
Theoretical basis: Once a tumor has formed, con-
gealed Phlegm and stagnant Blood will bind and

.ry mouth Heat Toxins will accumulate in the interior. Deple-
test, soles tion of and damage to Yin Liquids will be further
istipation, aggravated by their consumption and insufficient
es (blood nourishment during the course of the disease, or as
coating. a result of loss of Body Fluids during surgery, vom-
iting and diarrhea during chemotherapy, and radio-
therapy causing Fire to scorch Yin . Depletion and
;ae damage of Yin Liquids may exacerbate the cancer .
This gave rise to the saying "as long as Body Fluids
are preserved, the chances of survival will be bet-
ter." The treatment principle of nourishing Yin and
generating Body Fluids is therefore adopted in can-
ccr treatment to nourish Yin, clear Heat, generate
Body Fluids and moisten Dryness .
Indications: Patterns of internal Heat due to Yin De-
i iciency in the late stage of cancers when the body
is exhausted and Heat Toxins are exuberant, or after
radiotherapy has scorched Yin Liquids . Symptoms
nd signs include emaciation, low-grade fever in the
.dtcrnoon, a sensation of heat in the palms and
,,,,Ics, dry mouth and throat (possibly accompanied
hr blood-streaked phlegm), constipation, reddish
Urine, disturbed sleep, a red tongue body with a thin
gating, and a thready, wiry and rapid pulse .
Commonly used materia medica
ourishing
of Blood I„i .`I ha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis)
ney Yin, I ;; i i ,Alen Dong (Radix Asparagi Cochinchinensis)
this pur- \ 1,u ;l-len Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici)
and cool ! :_n I zua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis)
each and i„
I Iii* (Herba Dendrobii)
II
)ng time . i ,, /htw (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati)
=ying the n Sben (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis)
added to 1 rn (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae)
or appe- I )i Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
(Ji /i (Fructus Lycii)
a medica l ii (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis)
added to ]i.i` (( ;arapax Amydae Sinensis)
\ ii, (1ructus Pruni Mume)
cated for 11 ri /,i (Fructus Schisandrae)
id loose
'luids I Ins method is similar to enriching Yin and
+irishing the Blood, but is used more fre-
ed, con- n hV to nourish Lung and Stomach Yin in
qw
)ind and
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 35
lung, nasopharyngeal, throat and esophageal
cancer when Body Fluids are insufficient .
• Materia medica for nourishing Yin are enriching
and greasy and should be used with caution for
patients with Spleen and Stomach Deficiency,
internal obstruction of Phlegm-Damp, ab-
dominal fullness and loose stools.
• Materia medica for fortifying the Spleen and
regulating Qi can be added to make a prescrip-
tion enriching without being greasy, and sup-
plementing without stagnating.
Warming the Kidneys and strengthening Yang
Theoretical basis. Life not only has the material form
of the physical body, but also the immaterial form
of Yang Qi . The origin and development of cancer
is related to weakness of Yang Qi due to Kidney
Deficiency, which will affect how the immune sys-
tem functions . The treatment principle of warming
the Kidneys and strengthening Yang helps to im-
prove the symptoms of the disease and strengthen
the immune system, and can inhibit the develop-
ment of tumors .
Indications: Deficiency of Kidney Yang in cancers at
the intermediate or late stages, or after chemother-
apy or radiotherapy, or in elderly patients after
surgery for cancer of adjacent structures such as
ovarian cancer. Manifestations typically include cold
body and limbs, mental and physical fatigue, aching,
cold and pain in the lower back, frequent urination
with clear urine, thin and loose stools, a pale and
enlarged tongue body with a thin white coating, and
a deep and thready pulse .
Commonly used materia medica
Fu Zi* (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli
Praeparata)
Yin Yang Huo (Herba Epimedii)
Xian Mao (Rhizoma Curculiginis Orchioidis)
Ba Ji Tian (Radix Morindae Officinalis)
Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae)
Rou Cong Rong (Herba Cistanches Deserticolae)
Dong Gong Xia Cao~ (Cordyceps Sinensis)
Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis)
Xu Duan (Radix Dipsaci)

36 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
APPLICATIONS
• "Those who are skilled in supplementing Yang
must seek the Yang within Yin ." When Yang
Deficiency is accompanied by insufficiency of
Yin in late-stage cancers, materia medica for
warming the Kidneys and strengthening Yang
should be prescribed at the same time as those
for supplementing Yin and enriching the Kid-
neys, so that Yang has some support .
• On the other hand, since materia medica for
warming the Kidneys and strengthening Yang
are warm and dry, they should be used with cau-
tion in patterns of effulgent Yin Deficiency-
Fire so as to avoid assisting Fire to smother Yin .
Fortifying the Spleen and harmonizing the
Stomach
Theoretical basis. The Spleen and Stomach are the
source of transformation of Qi and Blood, the
Root of Later Heaven . Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun [A
General Treatise on the Causes and Symptoms of
Diseases] says : "Individuals with Deficiency or ir-
regular functioning of the Spleen and Stomach are
more likely to suffer from illnesses due to accumu-
lations ."
Regulating the Spleen and Stomach not only
works to treat pathological changes in these two
organs, but also Deficiency of or damage to other
Zang-Fu organs . According to Li Gao (1180-1251),
author of Pi Ifei L tin (A Treatise on the Spleen and
Stomach] : "To treat the Spleen and Stomach is to
calm the five Zang organs . A skilled therapist must
be able to regulate and harmonize the Spleen and
the Stomach ." This helps to explain why TCM
practitioners emphasize the importance of Spleen
Deficiency in the masses and accumulations seen in
cancer and treat such conditions by fortifying the
Spleen and augmenting Qi .
The principle of fortifying the Spleen and har-
monizing the Stomach should be adhered to
throughout the course of cancer treatment, espe-
cially in late-stage cancer or after surgery, radio-
therapy or chemotherapy, since large amounts of Qi
and Blood will have been consumed and food will
have accumulated and stagnated in the Stomach .
Indications- Patterns of Deficiency of Spleen and
Stomach Qi, for example when the functions of
these organs are impaired in intermediate-stage and
late-stage cancers or after chemotherapy. Symptoms
and signs include reduced appetite, abdominal dis-
tension after meals, nausea and vomiting, lassitude,
shortness of breath, loose stools, a pale and
enlarged tongue body with teeth marks at the mar-
gin and a thin, white coating, and a thready and
weak pulse.
This treatment principle can also be used prior to
surgery to cultivate the Root and supplement the
body and after surgery to reduce complications in-
volving the digestive system .
Commonly used materia medica
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng)
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae)
Huang9i (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae)
Chao Bai Bian Dou (Semen Dolichoris Lablab,
stir-fried)
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi)
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae)
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae)
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey)
APPLICATIONS
• The principle of fortifying the Spleen and har-
monizing the Stomach is designed to treat Defi-
ciency of Spleen and Stomach Qi ; however,
Spleen Deficiency also manifests in impairment
of the normal function of transportation and
transformation of water and Dampness .
• For Spleen Deficiency with stagnation of
Dampness and impairment of the functional
activities of Qi, add materia medica for trans-
forming Dampness and moving Qi .
• For Spleen Deficiency and collection of
Dampness, manifesting as edema, pleural effu-
sion or ascites, add materia medica for benefit-
ing the movement of water.

unctions of • For Spleen Deficiency accompanied by genera-
to-stage and tion of Phlegm, add materia medica for trans-
Symptoms forming Phlegm .
lominal dis- • For Spleen Deficiency accompanied by Qi fall,
Lg, lassitude, add materia medica for bearing Qi upward .
i pale and • For insufficiency of Stomach Yin after radio-
at the mar-
therapy or chemotherapy, materia medica for
hready and nourishing Stomach Yin should be added to the
prescription .
sed prior to
• Materia medica for regulating Qi and dispersing
)lement the
food accumulation are also often added to those
lications in-
for fortifying the Spleen and harmonizing the
Stomach.
This treatment principle is contraindicated for
•
Excess patterns.
ophyllae) ,Fortifying the Spleen and boosting the Kidneys
Theoretical basis: The Kidneys are the root of the
thalae) congenital (Earlier Heaven) constitution, house
e) True Yin (Kidney Yin) and True Yang (Kidney
)lab, )'ang), and are the root of Yin Qi and Yang Qi . The
Spleen is the root of the acquired (Later Heaven)
constitution and the source of generation and
transformation of Qi and Blood .
Essence Qi in the Kidneys depends on the ac-
quired Essence of Grain and Water for continuous
:d with replenishment and transformation, whereas the
Spleen, which governs the transportation and
transformation of this Essence, depends on the
warming action of Yang Qi in the Kidneys . Defi-
ciency of and damage to the Spleen and Kidneys
n and har- arc directly related to the origin and development of
treat Defi- tumors, since Spleen Deficiency generates Damp-
however, ness and Phlegm and causes Blood stasis that
npairment deprives Qi and Blood of their source .
tation and \k'henever the Zang organs are damaged, the
ass. Kidneys will inevitably be involved . When the Kid-
nation of ncys are Deficient, they will lose their warming and
functional transforming function and water and Dampness
for trans- will pread unchecked . In addition, the Qi stagna-
tion and Blood stasis caused by Spleen Deficiency
action of l aggravate the pathological changes affecting the
_ural effu- r , •r . Deficiency of the Spleen and Kidneys will
)r benefit- eventually result in Deficiency and depletion of
al Qi (Zheng Qi) and exuberance of pathogenic
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 37
factors. This pattern is very evident in late-stage
cancer.
Fortifying the Spleen helps to restore the func-
tions of the Spleen and Stomach to normal, with
the result that the Essence of Water and Grain is
distributed throughout the body and the source of
transformation of Qi and Blood is plentiful.
Boosting the Kidneys enables True Yin and True
Yang to return to the Kidneys, Spleen Qi is warmed
and fortified, and Kidney-Essence fills up the Mar-
row. Supplementing and boosting the Spleen and
Kidneys benefits the recovery of Vital Qi and resis-
tance to pathogenic factors and helps the body to
fight cancer .
Indications: Patterns of Spleen and Kidney Defi-
ciency, for example exhaustion in a prolonged ill-
ness such as late-stage cancer, or damage to the
Spleen and Kidneys, insufficiency of Qi and Blood
and failure of the Essence to nourish the Sea of
Marrow after surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy .
Symptoms and signs include emaciation, lack of
strength, a sallow yellow facial complexion, dizzi-
ness, tinnitus, mental listlessness, shortness of
breath and little desire to speak, reduced appetite,
abdominal distension and cold limbs, or puffy
swelling of the limbs and loose stools, a pale tongue
with a greasy coating, and a deep or deep and
thready pulse.
Commonly used materia medica
Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng)
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae)
Kou Cong Kong (Herba Cistanches Deserticolae)
Yin Yang Huo (Herba Epimedii)
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae)
Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae)
Ba Ji Tian (Radix Morindae Officinalis)
Gou Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii)
Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi)
He Shou lFu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori)
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita)
Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati)
Zi He Chef (Placenta Hominis)
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corfu' Officinalis)
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
APPLICATIONS
This treatment principle is designed for patterns of
Deficiency of both the Spleen and Kidneys ; when
deciding which materia medica should accompany
those for fortifying the Spleen and boosting the
Kidneys, it must be established whether Spleen De-
ficiency or Kidney Deficiency predominates and
whether Kidney Yin Deficiency or Kidney Yang
Deficiency is stronger. Yang must not be
over-supplemented to avoid damaging Yin and stir-
ring the Blood ; likewise, when supplementing Yin,
enriching and cloying materia medica should not be
overused .
Materia medica for assisting digestion should be
added to those for fortifying the Spleen to enable
the congenital and acquired constitutions to sup-
plement each other so that Qi, Blood, Essence and
Marrow can be generated and transformed . In this
way Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) will be restored and
pathogenic factors dispelled.
The treatment method of supporting Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi) and cultivating the Root is very impor-
tant in treating cancer, since the strength of Vital Qi
determines the patient's chances of survival . The
treatment principles described above can be
modified by or combined with other principles de-
pending on the patient's particular condition, for
example by supplementing both the Lungs and
Spleen, or the Liver and Kidneys, or Qi and Blood .
Supporting Vital Qi and consolidating the Root
strengthens the physiological functions of Yin and
Yang, Qi and Blood, the channels and network ves-
sels, and the Zang-Fu organs in order to enhance
the body's immune function and achieve the aim of
supporting Vital Qi and dispelling pathogenic fac-
tors .
DISPELLING PATHOGENIC FACTORS TO
FIGHT AGAINST CANCER
TCM regards tumors as the local manifestation of a
systemic disease . Although Deficiency of Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi) is the fundamental factor in the origin
of tumors, other causes such as Qi stagnation,
Blood stasis, congealing of Phlegm, and binding of
Heat Toxins are also involved . Therefore, measures
aimed at regulating the functions of the body by
supporting Vital Qi and cultivating the Root are not
enough on their own to achieve a satisfactory effect
in treatment. Other measures need to be added to
treat "Excess by draining, lodging of pathogenic
factors by attacking, binding by dissipating, and
hardness by dispersing" in order to dispel patho-
genic factors and restore Vital Qi.
Dredging the Liver and regulating Qi
Theoretical basis: In TCM, internal damage due to the
seven emotions is also a significant factor in the
origin and development of cancer. Clinical observa-
tions indicate that long-term emotional stimuli or
sudden, strong emotional disturbances are predis-
posing factors for liver, breast and ovarian cancer ; in
many instances, case histories will reveal a relation-
ship with emotional factors.
Once the presence of a tumor has been identi-
fied, many patients experience intense emotions
such as fear, they sleep badly, and their appetite is
reduced . Body resistance is therefore weakened and
the disease will develop further. Meanwhile, the
growth that has formed will obstruct the channels
and network vessels, inhibit the upward, downward,
inward and outward movement of Qi, and aggra-
vate the situation. Therefore, Qi Depression and
stagnation resulting from internal damage due to
the seven emotions is another important factor in
the origin and development of cancer.
Dredging the Liver and regulating Qi can regulate
the functional activities of Qi to allow Qi and
Blood to flow freely ; when Qi and Blood are har-
monized, pathogenic factors can be dispelled and
the body helped to fight against cancer.
Indications: Patterns of Qi Depression and stagna-
tion in cancer patients such as Depression and


DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 39

rORS TO binding of Liver Qi, manifesting as a depressed, regulating Qi is designed for Depression and stag-
ressimistic or despondent mood, oppression in the nation of Liver Qi and impairment of the func-
chest with frequent sighing, distension and fullness tional activities of Qi, and should be modified or
tation of a combined with other treatment principles depend-
f)1- pain in the hypochondrium, reduced appetite,
f Vital Qi ing on the pattern of the disease :
distension and fullness in the epigastrium and ab-
the origin • For Liver Depression transforming into Heat,
stagnation, li irnen, irritability and restlessness, insomnia, men-
d,Irual irregularities, and distension and pain in the combine with materia medica for clearing Heat
binding of from the Liver and draining Fire .
measures lumbosacral region .
This treatment principle is also indicated for focal • For Liver Depression tending toward Deficiency,
e body by combine with materia medica for supplement-
)ot are not distension and fullness in the chest and epigastrium,
belching, and nausea and vomiting in stomach and ing Qi and nourishing the Blood.
story effect • For Qi stagnation and Blood stasis, combine
'_ added to >phageal cancer ; for distension and fullness in the
with materia medica for invigorating the Blood
Dathogenic 1, oxer abdomen and tenesmus in colorectal cancer ;
and transforming Blood stasis .
ating, and ;1nd for pain in the liver region, distending pain in
• For Qi stagnation and congealing of Phlegm,
pel patho- dic breast and swollen lymph nodes in breast can-
combine with materia medica for transforming
[ Cr . Phlegm and softening hardness .
Commonly used materia medica • For Qi stagnation and obstruction of Damp-
due to the ness, combine with materia medica for trans-
for in the t hen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) forming Dampness and repelling turbidity .
) (Folium Citri Reticulatae) • For food stagnation, combine with materia
tl observa-
it

/bi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) medica for dispersing accumulation and guiding
stimuli or
hou (Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis) out stagnation .
tre predis-
V

.cancer ;in n Lian Zi (Fructus Meliae Toosendan) Materia medica for regulating Qi are generally acrid,
a relation- I'a (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi) aromatic and dry. If they are used in large dosages
) uan (Fructus Cirri Medicae seu Wilsonii) or over a long period, they can generate Dryness,
:en identi- Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride) damage Yin and reinforce Fire.
emotions Vhi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii)
Invigorating the Blood and transforming Blood
appetite is \"joie (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) stasis
I l I u .Vuo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo)
kened and Theoretical basis: TCM considers that Blood stasis in
while, the I n Pi (Pericarpium Arecae Catechu)
the interior is one of the most important causes of
channels (Radix Curcumae) malignant tumors . Yi Lin Gai Cuo [Corrections of
lownward, Dim Zi (Semen Canavaliae) the Errors in Medical Works] says : "Lumps in the
and aggra- Zba (Fructus Akebiae)
1,r
Liver and abdomen must be due to Blood that has
ssion and I)-, I Iw Xiang (Fructus Anisi Stellati) taken on form." Invigorating the Blood and trans-
ge due to \'fang (Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum) forming Blood stasis is based on treating lodging of
factor in Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) pathogenic factors by attacking, and binding by dis-
ani (Flos Caryophylli) sipating. It aims to treat Blood stasis and obstruc-
in regulate I )on Kou (Fructus Amomi Kravanh) tion of the blood flow caused by tumors according
v Qi and i I I ua (Flos Rosae Rugosae) to the principles of transforming Blood stasis and
d are har- /i (Fructus Lycii) dissipating lumps, invigorating the Blood and free-
)elled and (ion ,, (Aspongopus) ing the channels, and expelling Blood stasis and
generating new Blood .
id stagna- . . I I IONS Indications: All types of Blood stasis patterns seen in
;lion and cancer patients. These patterns may manifest as :
:nmcnt principle of dredging the Liver and • firm, immovable, uneven and growing tumors

40 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
on the body surface or in the interior, with
stabbing, burning, cutting, rebound, lacerative
or gripping pain at a fixed location ;
recurrent, intermittent bleeding of dark purple
blood, or clotted blood ;
persistent low-grade fever with a sallow yellow
or dark facial complexion, and dry and
squamous skin.
This pattern can also manifest as dysphagia, jaun-
dice, abdominal distension, retention of urine, or
spasms depending on where the stagnant Blood is
located. The tongue body is dull purple with stasis
marks, or blue or purple with varicosis of the sub-
lingual vein ; the pulse is rough and stagnant . Bio-
medical findings related to these patterns include
hyperviscosity and hypercoagulability of blood,
abnormal microcirculation on tongue and nail ex-
amination, and fibrosis of connective tissues .5' 6
Commonly used materia medica
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong)
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae)
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra)
Yi Mu Cao (Herba Leonuri Heterophylli)
Yue Ji Hua (Flos et Fructus Rosae Chinensis)
king Xiao Hua (Flos Campsitis)
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae)
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii)
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi)
San Qi (Radix Notoginseng)
Bu Xiang (Gummi Olibanum)
Mo Yao (Myrrha)
San Leng (Rhizoma Sparganii Stoloniferi)
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae)
Pu Huang (Pollen Typhae)
Wu Ling Zhi$ (Excrementum Trogopteri)
Shi Jian Chuan (Herba Salviae Chinensis)
Ma Bian Cao (Herba cum Radice Verbenae)
Hu Zhang (Radix et Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati)
Zhong Jie Feng (Ramulus et Folium Sarcandrae)
Xi Shu (Fructus seu Radix Camptothecae)
Shui Hong Hua Zi (Fructus Polygoni)
Liu Ji Nu (Herba Artemisiae Anomalae)
Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae)
Zao Jiao Ci (Spina Gleditsiae Sinensis)
Gui Jian Yu (Lignum Suberalatum Euonymi)
Chuan Shan Jia* (Squama Manitis Pentadactylae)
Tu Bie Chong (Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga)
Shui Zhii (Hirudo seu Whitmania)
Meng Chong~ (Tabanus)
Xue Jie (Resina Draconis)
APPLICATIONS
The treatment principle of invigorating the Blood
and transforming Blood stasis should be modified
or combined with other treatment principles de-
pending on the cause, symptoms and location of
the Blood stasis :
• For Blood stasis due to Cold, it should be com-
bined with materia medica for warming Yang
and dispelling Cold so that the Blood is warmed
and the stasis dissipated .
• For Blood stasis due to Qi stagnation, materia
medica for moving Qi should be added to
eliminate or reduce dysfunction of the Stomach
and Intestines and enhance the actions of mate-
ria medica for invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis to promote blood
circulation .
• For Blood stasis due to Qi Deficiency, it should
be combined with materia medica for supple-
menting Qi in order to restore Vital Qi (Zheng
Qi) and eliminate Blood stasis, thus diminishing
the negative effect on Vital Qi of materia
medica for invigorating the Blood and trans-
forming Blood stasis.
• For Blood stasis binding with congealed Phlegm,
materia medica for transforming Phlegm and
dissipating lumps should be added to stren en
the effect in dispersing and dissipating lumps .
• For stasis of Blood and Phlegm complicated by
Heat Toxins, materia medica for clearing Heat
and relieving Toxicity should be added to allevi-
ate pain, inhibit inflammation and disperse
swelling.
Many of the materia medica used to invigorate the
Blood and transform Blood stasis are relatively ag-
gressive and must not be over-prescribed . Materia
medica for breaking up Blood and expelling Blood
stasis may also induce hemorrhage . Recent studies
suggest that the use during radiotherapy of materia

medica for invigorating the Blood may increase the
ylae) distant metastasis risk, particularly where large dos-
a) ages are employed . However, this effect appears to
be counteracted by the addition of other materia
medica for supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and in-
vigorating the Blood (see Chapter 3 for further de-
tails of this study)?
Transforming Phlegm and dispelling Dampness
ie Blood 'I beoretical basis: Congealing of Phlegm and accumu-
modified lation of Dampness are also important factors in
iples de- the etiology and pathology of tumors . These factors
ation of can be caused by situations affecting the normal
distribution and excretion of Body Fluids such as
be com- invasion by external pathogenic factors or dysfunc-
ng Yang tion of the Lung, Spleen and Kidneys. When con-
warmed gealing of Phlegm and accumulation of Dampness
affect the Zang-Fu organs, they will result in the
, materia formation of Yin Toxins ; when Phlegm and
dded to Dampness bind in the exterior, scrofula and goiter
Stomach will occur ; these correspond to tumors in modern
Df mate- biomedical terms . The principle of transforming
)od and Phlegm and dispelling Dampness is designed to
e blood i reat tumors resulting from congealing of Phlegm
:end accumulation of Dampness .
.t should l ,/rlications: This principle can be used to treat all
supple- manifestations related to congealing of Phlegm and
(Zheng ccumulation of Dampness. Symptoms vary ac-
iinishing ri )rding to the location of the Phlegm-Damp :
materia • For tumors in the digestive tract, symptoms
d trans- include focal distension and oppression in the
chest and epigastrium, focal distension and
Phlegm, fullness in the abdomen, reduced appetite, nau-
gm and sea and vomiting, spitting of phlegm and saliva,
engthen ascites, swollen feet, jaundice, and thin and
imps . loose stools .
sated by • For accumulation of fluid in the pericardium or
zg Heat pleural cavity in lung cancer or other cancers,
o allevi- symptoms include fullness in the chest and
disperse hypochondrium due to an excess of fluid,
coughing of phlegm, hasty wheezing with an
rate the inability to lie flat, palpitations, and shortness of
vely ag-
breath .
Materia I n both instances, the tongue is pale red with a
Blood :lick and greasy coating, and the pulse is soggy or
studies Iippety.
materia
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 41
Patterns may also manifest with numerous per-
sistent swellings that are neither painful nor itchy, or
with Phlegm nodes that gradually increase in size
and number .
Commonly used materia medica
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis)
Zao Jiao Ci (Spina Gleditsiae Sinensis)
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata)
Bai Jie Zi (Semen Sinapis Albae)
Dan Nan Xingt (Pulvis Arisaematis cum Felle Bovis)
Span Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu)
Zhe Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii)
Ting Li Zi (Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae)
Oian Hu (Radix Peucedani)
Xing Ken (Semen Pruni Armeniacae)
Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis)
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
Huo Xiang (Herba Agastaches seu Pogostemi)
Pei Lan (Herba Eupatorii Fortunei)
Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi)
Che Qian Zi (Semen Plantaginis)
fin Qian Cao (Herba Lysimachiae)
Bi Xie (Rhizoma Dioscoreae)
Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi)
Zbu Ling (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati)
Mu Gua (Fructus Chaenomelis)
Du Huo (Radix Angelicae Pubescentis)
APPLICATIONS
This method is often used in combination with ma-
teria medica for fortifying the Spleen and augment-
ing Qi. Practitioners must always bear in mind that
Phlegm is both a pathogenic factor and a product
of various pathological changes . Therefore, its loca-
tion must be identified and an analysis undertaken
of whether it is a primary or secondary factor .
Measures can then be applied to disperse Phlegm by
benefiting the movement of Qi and/or discharging
Heat .
Softening hardness and dissipating lumps
Theoretical basis: Softening hardness and dissipating
lumps dissipates the accumulation and binding of
42 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
pathogenic factors and softens firm, solid lumps .
Once a tumor has formed, it accumulates and binds
to become as hard as a stone ; this accounts for the
wide variety of names for tumors in TCM such as
shi jia (a stone-like mass in the uterus), shi ju (a
stone-like mass in the neck, waist or groin), ru yan
(mammary rock, or breast cancer), shi ying (stone
goiter, or thyroid cancer), or shenyan fan has (kidney
rock everted flower, or penile cancer) .
In treating tumors, emphasis should be placed on
systemic treatment by supporting Vital Qi (Zheng
Qi) and cultivating the Root, while regulating Qi,
invigorating the Blood, relieving Toxicity and trans-
forming Phlegm at the same time ; the Manifesta-
tions are also treated by softening hardness and
dissipating lumps .
In Yi Zong fin Jian [The Golden Mirror of Medi-
cine], Wu Qian advised that, when treating ru yan
(mammary rock), Shen Xiao Gua Lou San (Wondrous
Effect Trichosanthes Powder) should be prescribed
at the initial stage, followed byQing Gan fie Yu Tang
(Decoction for Clearing the Liver and Relieving
Depression) .
In Ming Yi Zhi Zhang [A Guide to Famous Physi-
cians], Huang Fuzhong stated that Po fie San (Pow-
der for Breaking Up Lumps) is indicated for the five
goiters and Kun Bu Wan (Kelp Pill) for all types of
goiter and tumors of the neck, whether recent or
long-lasting.
Although materia medica for softening hardness
and dissipating lumps are seldom used on their own,
they can be included as part of an overall tumor
treatment strategy.
Indications: This principle can be used to treat firm
tumors where there is no pain or itching and the
skin color remains normal, such as goiter, scrofula,
and most forms of breast cancer .
Commonly used materia medica
Kin Bu (Thallus Laminariae seu Eckloniae)
Hai Zao (Herba Sargassi)
Fu Hai Shit (Os Costaziae seu Pumex)
Hai Ge Ket (Concha Meretricis seu Cyclinae)
Mu Lit (Concha Ostreae)
Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris)
Teng Li Gen (Radix Actinidiae Chinensis)
Shi Jian Chuan (Herba Salviae Chinensis)
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae)
Ba Yue Zha (Fructus Akebiae)
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis)
Tu Bie Chongt (Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga)
Jiang Cant (Bombyx Batryticatus)
APPLICAT70NS
Materia medica for softening hardness and dissi-
pating lumps are usually used in combination to
increase their effectiveness . They can be combined
with materia medica for clearing Heat to treat bind-
ing of Heat; with materia medica for relieving Tox-
icity to treat binding of Toxins ; with materia medica
for transforming Phlegm to treat binding of
Phlegm ; with materia medica for regulating Qi to
treat binding of Qi; or with materia medica for
transforming Blood stasis to treat binding of Blood .
Clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity
Theoretical basic TCM considers that the accumula-
tion and binding of Heat Toxins is another impor-
tant factor in the etiology and pathology of the
formation of malignant tumors .
Su Wen Yu Zhen Yao Da Lun [Plain Questions :
On Essentials of Truth] says : "All painful and itch-
ing sores are ascribed to the Heart," whereas in Yi
Zong fin Jian [The Golden Mirror of Medicine] it
says : "Yong and ju abscesses are caused by Fire Tox-
ins, which result from congealing of Qi and Blood
that obstructs the channels and network vessels."
U'ai Ke Zheng Zong [An Orthodox Manual of Ex-
ternal Diseases] says: "Scrofula is caused by Fire
Toxins due to Summerheat attacking the three Yang
channels in very hot weather, or internal damage
due to too much greasy or rich food ." These Toxins
bind in the interior to cause obstruction of Phlegm
and stagnation of Qi, which then accumulate to
form scrofula .
Yi Zong Jin Jian [The Golden Mirror of Medicine]
also says : "Shi Tong (loss-of-luxuriance) is a qpe of
sore that occurs anterior or posterior to the ear, or
on the shoulder or the back of the neck . It mani-
fests initially as an immovable Phlegm node, as hard

as a stone, with no change in the color of the over-
lying skin, and then grows gradually . It is a morbid
condition due to anxiety, excessive thought, anger,
resentment, Qi Depression, Blood counterflow and
congealing of Fire."
.aga) These excerpts indicate that tumors are related to
the binding of Fire Toxins in the interior . The me-
chanical pressure of the tumor will put pressure on
or constrict the blood vessels or the lumen of vari-
ous organs causing organ dysfunction and reducing
and dissi- the flow of Qi and Blood, which is a predisposing
bination to factor for infection. Insufficient blood supply within
combined the tumor itself will lead to necrosis, liquefaction,
treat bind- ulceration or inflammation . The metabolic products
ieving Tox- will stimulate the thermoregulatory center to induce
eria medica fever. This corresponds to what is known in TCM
,finding of as the accumulation and binding of Heat Toxins or
sting Qi to the exuberance of Heat Toxins.
nedica for It is treated according to the principle of treating
of Blood . Heat with Cold ; in other words, cool or cold mate-
ria medica are prescribed to clear Heat and relieve
Toxicity, thus eliminating the fever-inducing factors
accumula- by reducing or expelling Toxic factors from the in-
her impor- terior and dispersing inflammation to drain Fire,
gy of the relieve Toxicity, clear Heat and dissipate lumps .
Recent studies have demonstrated that materia
Questions : medica for clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity have
I and itch- antiphlogistic, antibacterial and antipyretic proper-
2reas in Yi des and can enhance the immune system8 • 9 Since
':edicine] it inflammation and infection exacerbate the deterio-
Fire Tox- ration or development of the disease, this principle
and Blood is important in the treatment of malignant tumors .
essels." . Patterns of accumulation and exuberance
Indications
ial of Ex of Heat Toxins in cancer patients, manifesting as
:d by Fire fever, headache, red eyes, flushed face, dry mouth
three Yang and throat, a sensation of heat in the chest, palms
ii damage and soles, yellow urine, constipation, and scorching
°se Toxins heat and pain in the tumor region . The tongue body
)f Phlegm is red with a thin, yellow coating; the pulse is rapid
mulate to or thready.
Commonly used materia medica
Medicine]
a type of Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae)
he ear, or fin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae)
. It man- Ye Ju Hua (Flos Chrysanthemi Indicae)
e, as hard LianQiao (Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae)
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 43
Ban Bian Lian (Herba Lobeliae Chinensis cum
Radice)
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae)
Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis)
Pu Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice)
Zi Hua Di Ding (Herba Violae Yedoensitis)
Yu Xing Cao (Herbs Houttuyniae Cordatae)
Ban Lan Gen (Radix Isatidis seu Baphicacanthi)
Bai Jiang Cao (Herba Patriniae cum Radice)
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis)
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri)
Ku Shen (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis)
Shan Dou Gen (Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis)
Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae)
Shi Shang Bai (Herba Selaginellae Doederleinii)
Tu Fu Ling (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae)
Bi Xie (Rhizoma Dioscoreae)
Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis)
DaQing Ye (Folium Isatidis seu Baphicacanthi)
Ma Chi Xian (Herba Portulacae Oleraceae)
Bai Tou Weng (Radix Pulsatillae Chinensis)
Ken Gong Niu Huang~ (Calculus Bovis Syntheticus)
Ya Dan Zi (Fructus Bruceae Javanicae)
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis)
APPLICATIONS
This principle is designed to treat pathogenic
Fire and Heat Toxins accumulating in the inte-
rior in cancer patients. These pathogenic factors
are liable to damage Yin and stir Blood ; there-
fore, it will be necessary to nourish Yin, cool
the Blood or stop bleeding depending on the
patient's condition .
Cool and cold materia medica are liable to
damage Stomach Qi, and where Spleen and
Stomach Deficiency-Cold also occurs, they
should be combined with materia medica for
fortifying the Spleen and harmonizing the
Stomach .
• For late-stage cancers with deficiency of Vital
Qi (Zheng Qi), these materia medica can be
combined with supplementing and boosting
materia medica in accordance with the pattern
identified.

44 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION
Filiform needle acupuncture
Filiform needle acupuncture is indicated for the
management of cancer at all stages and is especially
effective for treatment of immunodeficiency,
side-effects occurring during radiotherapy and
chemotherapy courses, cancer pain, and obvious
constitutional Deficiency and depletion during
late-stage cancer.
Filiform needlir?l) /trim',-111e it cancer patients. After
needle insertion, perform lifting and thrusting
manipulation until Qi is obtained (a needling sensa-
tion of aching, numbness, or distending or radiating
pain) . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes. The
needles can be manipulated intermittently during
retention to intensify the needling sensation . Best
results are generall\ obtained with treatment every
day or every other day.
It should be noted that cancer patients often have
Deficiency of Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and exuberance
of pathogenic factors . In this case, needle stimula-
tion should not be too intensive ; stimulation to the
patient's tolerance level is normally adequate.
Moxibustion
Moxibustion is used for treating diseases through
the warmth generated by the ignited moxa so that
the channels and network vessels are freed and Qi
and Blood can circulate smoothly.
In the treatment of malignant tumors, moxibus-
tion has the actions of warming and dissipating,
breaking up hardness, opening binding and drawing
out Toxins. The heat generated from moxibustion
can also act on the tumor cells directly and enhance
local metabolism by stimulating microcirculation .
The action of moxibustion in strengthening the
constitution or supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) has
a special significance in the treatment of tumors.
Supplementing Yang Qi via the warmth generated
by moxibustion may be the mechanism by which it
helps to combat tumors . Biomedical studies have
also demonstrated that moxibustion can activate the
immune system to inhibit the onset and develop-
ment of tumors .''
Moxibustion can be used in the treatment of
tumors at all stages of cancer . It is particularly
indicated for immunodeficiency, leukopenia caused
by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, squamous cell
carcinoma, pronounced Deficiency and depletion
of Vital Qi, and tumors or masses in Yin patterns .
Different moxibustion techniques have different
indications
• Gentle moxibustion : Place a moxa roll (about 2-3
cm in length) on the selected point, light the
distal end and burn until the skin feels scorch-
ing hot and reddens. This is the commonest
method of moxibustion and can be used for all
tumors .
Sparrow-pecking moxibustion : The lighted moxa roll
or stick is moved repeatedly up and down above
the acupuncture point like a bird pecking for its
food.
Indications : leukopenia in children due to ra-
diotherapy or chemotherapy.
• Wheat-grain moxibustion: One of the methods of
direct moxibustion, where a wheat grain-sized
moxa cone is placed on the selected point or the
area where the tumor is located . Once the skin
feels scorching hot, replace with a new cone .
Three to eight cones are normally used per ses-
sion . The skin will redden, but should not burn .
Indications : leukopenia due to radiotherapy or
chemotherapy, late-stage esophageal and stom-
ach cancer .
• Suppurative snoxibustion : Another method of
direct moxibustion, where the cones are allowed
to burn down completely to produce local blis-
tering. Suppuration will occur one week after
blistering; five to six weeks later, the sore will
disappear to leave a scar .
Indication : some tumors of the digestive tract
such as those occurring in stomach or eso-
phageal cancer in patients with immunodefi-
ciency; suppurative moxibustion has a very
strong stimulating effect on acupuncture points,
making it very suitable for this type of patient .
• Moxibustion on ginger: Place a slice of ginger on
the skin and burn three to five moxa cones until
the skin reddens.
Indication: leukopenia due to radiotherapy and
chemotherapy.


DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 45

a caused • Warm needling and moxibustion : This method EX-B-2 Jiaji

.-ious cell combines acupuncture and moxibustion with a Back-shu points
iepletion moxa roll, 1-2 cm in length, or mugwort floss These points warm and supplement Yang Qi to
atterns. being attached to the end of a needle and lit . strengthen the body. Laboratory studies have indi-
cated that needling or applying moxibustion to
different Warnings points to warm Yang and augment Qi can enhance
• Special care must be taken to ensure that the the immune function, stimulate macrophage
bout 2-3 skin does not burn . phagocytosis, and increase the rate of lymphocyte
light the • Protect the lesion from bacterial infection blast transformation ." These studies further sug-
s scorch- where suppurative moxibustion is used . gest that these points inhibit the growth of tumors,
nmonest
reduce their size, strengthen the body and improve
ed for all Commonly used acupuncture points
Deficiency symptoms.
In clinical practice, commonly used acupuncture
noxa roll points for inhibiting the development of tumors
vn above can be divided into two main categories : Points for regulating and supplementing the
ng for its 1. points for supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and Spleen and Kidneys
strengthening the constitution ; based on the ST 36 Zusanli
ie to ra- stage of the disease and the symptoms mani- BL-20 Pishu
fested, these points can be further subdivided BL-21 Weishu
:thods of into CV 12 Zhongwan
Cain-sized • warming Yang and augmenting Qi to enhance SP-6 Sanyinjiao
the immune function PC-6 Neiguan
int or the
: the skin • regulating and supplementing the Spleen and SP-4 Gongsun
ew cone . Kidneys to inhibit the development of tumors LR-13 Zhangmen
• augmenting Qi and nourishing Yin SP-10 Xuehai
i per ses-
• supplementing the Blood and raising WBC BL-23 Shenshu
7ot burn .
Points for dispelling pathogenic factors, which GV 4 Mingmen
ierapy or 2
CV -6 Qihai
nd stom- can be further subdivided into
CV-4 Guanyuan
• invigorating the Blood and transforming Blood
KI-3 Taixi
thod of stasis Needling these points nourishes the Root of Later
e allowed • moving Qi and alleviating pain Heaven by fortifying the Spleen and enriches the
local blis- • transforming Phlegm, softening hardness and Root of Earlier Heaven by supplementing the Kid-
,eek after dissipating lumps neys. By supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi), cultivating
sore will • clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity Original Qi (Yuan Qi) and consolidating the Root,
Points in these two main categories are often se- the body is assisted to fight against the tumors and
;tive tract lected in combination to enhance their actions by inhibit their onset and development.
t or eso-
complementing each other. Biomedical studies have indicated that points for
nunodefi- fortifying the Spleen and boosting the Kidneys can
s a very Points for warming Yang and augmenting Qi enhance the immune function, activate the
xe points, CV-4 Guanyuan reticulo-endothelial system of the liver and spleen,
patient. ( ;V-14 Dazhui increase the overall white blood cell count and neu-
ginger on (;V-6 Qihai trophil count in peripheral blood, and promote
ones until (V-4 Mingmen phagocytosis.12
ST-36 Zusanli In clinical practice, these points can be used for
°rapy and ;V-8 Shenque side-effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy
131 ..-43 Gaohuang damaging Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) by regulating the
46 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER

body's overall condition and correcting the abnor- studies have indicated that these points can protect
mal state of the immune function. or activate the hematopoietic function of the mar-
row under normal or pathological conditions . 12
Points for augmenting Qi and nourishing Yin
SP-6 Sanyinjiao Points for invigorating the Blood and
ST 36 Zusanli transforming Blood stasis
KI-3 Taixi SP-6 Sanyinjiao
KI-1 Yongquan LI-4 Hegu
BL-23 Shenshu SP-10 Xuehai
BL-18 Ganshu BL-17 Geshu
LR-3 Taichong LI-11 Quchi
KI-6 Zhaohai BL-40 Weizhong
CV-6 Qihai LU-5 Chize
LI-11 Quchi ST-36 Zusanli
Needling these points augments Qi, nourishes Yin, BL-20 Pishu
generates Body Fluids and moistens Dryness . They LR-3 Taichong
can be used for Fire Toxins attacking the interior ST-44 Neiting
and Heat Toxins damaging Yin as a result of radio- LR-14 Qimen
therapy or chemotherapy ; and to improve symp- GB-34 Yanglingquan
toms due to Deficiency of Yang affecting Yin, and GV 14 Dazhui
Qi and Blood Deficiency in late-stage cancer . BL-22 Sanjiaoshu
GV 20 Baihui
Points for supplementing the Blood and raising Ashi points
WBC Xi (cleft) points
GV 14 Dazhui These points are selected for tumors due to Qi
GB-39 Xuanzhong stagnation and Blood stasis . Needling these points
BL-17 Geshu disperses and dissipates tumors and alleviates pain
SP-10 Xuehai by invigorating the Blood, transforming Blood sta-
BL-23 Shenshu sis, dissipating lumps and guiding out stagnation .
CV-4 Guanyuan Biomedical studies have indicated that points for
GV 4 Mingmen invigorating the Blood and transforming Blood sta-
GV 15 Yamen sis can make it easier for immunocompetent cells to
BL-11 Dazhu enter tumors and surrounding tissue to inhibit the
KI-3 Taixi growth of tumors by improving local blood circula-
ST-36 Zusanli tion (through dilatation of the capillaries and in-
BL-20 Pishu crease in blood flow) . They can also increase local
SP-6 Sanyinjiao metabolism, inhibit platelet aggregation, and pre-
LR-3 Taichong vent the growth and metastasis of tumors by pro-
CV-6 Qihai moting fibrinolysis ; in addition, they alleviate pain
PC-6 Neiguan by improving the oxygenation of local tissues . 12
BL-18 Ganshu
BL-21 Weishu Points for moving Qi and aYeviatingpain
Needling these points fortifies the Spleen, nourishes PC-6 Neiguan
the Blood, supplements the Kidneys and generates LI-4 Hegu
the Marrow, and is very effective for leukopenia ST 36 Zusanli
caused by radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Biomedical BL-40 Weizhong
 DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 47

an protect LR-3 Taichong EX-UE-11 Shixuan

the mar- ST-44 Neiting LI-1 Shangyang
)ns. 12 LR-14 Qimen LU-11 Shaoshang
GB-34 Yanglingquan LI-11 Quchi
nd BL-22 Sanjiaoshu BL-40 Weizhong
Ashi points LU-5 Chize
These points are selected for tumors due to ob- ST-36 Zusanli
struction of the movement of Qi. Compression of LR-3 Taichong
tumor tissue often impairs the functional activities ST 44 Neiting
of Qi and leads to Qi stagnation and Blood stasis. LR-14 Qimen
Needling these points moves Qi and invigorates the GB-34 Yanglingquan
Blood to dissipate tumors and alleviate pain . Once GV 14 Dazhui
Qi is moved, the Blood can be moved as well . BL-22 Sanjiaoshu
Ashi points
Points for transforming Phlegm, softening These points are selected for patients with cancer
hardness and dissipating lumps complicated by external contraction of pathogenic
ST 40 Fenglong Heat Toxins or infection due to exuberant
SP-4 Gongsun Yang-Heat . Needling these points clears Heat,
LA-2 Xingjian drains Fire, cools the Blood and relieves Toxicity to
SP-9 Yinlingquan regulate Yin and Yang and dissipate lumps .
I .U-10 Yuji
HT-3 Shaohai
TB-10 Tianjing The role of Chinese medicine in
I'C-5 Jianshi cancer treatment strategies
lue to Qi 'FB-5 Waiguan
°se points 1 .1-4 Hegu Supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and cultivating the
dates pain 1 .1-11 Quchi Root is the basic principle for treating tumors in
Blood sta- BL 20 Pishu TCM and has proven to be very effective . However,
.iation . 1i1 .-13 Feishu practitioners should not work under the illusion that
points for Ashi points Chinese materia medica are likely to be as effective
Blood sta- These points are selected for accumulation and as surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy in curing
:nt cells to c+>ngealing of Phlegm-turbidity, an important cancer. Nevertheless, the relative absence of
nhibit the mechanism in tumor formation and development . side-effects and adverse reactions means that they
)d circula- Needling these points transforms Phlegm, disperses can be used to strengthen the body to fight against
:s and in- t tmgealed Phlegm, softens hardness and dissipates the cancer and withstand the side-effects of more
-ease local lumps. They are indicated for scrofula, Phlegm invasive treatment.
and pre- twdes, goiter, stone-like masses, and breast nodules . Long-term use of materia medica for supporting
-s by pro- Biomedical studies have indicated that they can free Vital Qi and cultivating the Root enhances the
viate pain she lymphatic vessels to promote lymph circulation body's immune function, restores the balance of the
ues.72 arid enhance the immune system by increasing endocrine system, promotes blood production,
rophage phagocytosis . 13 protects the marrow and the functions of the heart,
un liver and kidneys, improves absorption in the diges-
Points for clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity tive tract, boosts the metabolic function, stimulates
Sanyinjiao the body's self-regulating ability, and reduces the
H egu side-effects of surgery, radiotherapy and chemo-
10 Xuehai therapy while improving their effectiveness .
48 1ANAGED-LENT OF CANCER
However, their direct anti-cancer effect is moderate .
Western medicine works better in controlling
tumors and directly attacking the cancers, but the
treatment methods employed damage the immune
system and therefore reduce the body's ability to
withstand infection .
My own long-term experience in the treatment
of tumors at the Sino Japanese Friendship Hospital
in Beijing is that combining Chinese and Western
measures to complement one another achieves a far
better effect than employing Chinese or Western
treatment alone . This experience can be summa-
rized as follows :
• Where pre-cancerous pathological changes are
found, Chinese medicine can help to block these
changes . For example, Liu Wei Di Huang Wan
(Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill), a preparation for
enriching Yin and augmenting Qi, can be adminis-
tered to treat severe hyperplasia of the esophageal
epithelium ; or a formula for fortifying the Spleen,
augmenting Qi, clearing Heat, relieving Toxicity,
softening hardness and transforming Phlegm can be
prescribed to treat atypical hyperplasia of the gastric
mucosa .
Treating patients with Chinese materia medica
before
• surgery improves their general nutritional
condition and increase the chances of the operation
being successful . After the operation, materia
medica for supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) can
promote recovery by improving the symptoms,
strengthening the constitution and protecting the
hematopoietic function . This then provides a better
basis for subsequent radiotherapy and chemother-
apy.
The main treatment principles employed include
supplementing Qi and nourishing the Blood, forti-
fying the Spleen and augmenting Qi, and enriching
and supplementing the Liver and Kidneys. Com-
monly used formulae include Si Jun Zi Tang (Four
Gentlemen Decoction), Ba Zhen Tang (Eight Treas-
ure Decoction), ShiQuan Da Bu Tang (Perfect Major
Supplementation Decoction), Bao titan Tang
(Origin-Preserving Decoction), Liu 14%i Di Huang
Tang (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Decoction) and
Shen Ling Bai Zhu San (Ginseng, Poria and W hits
Atractylodes Powder) .
• Used before and after radiotherapy and chemo-
therapy, Chinese medicine can reduce the adverse
side-effects that often arise . Our experiences indi-
cate that combining TCM preparations for sup-
porting Vital Qi and relieving Toxicity with a first
course of chemotherapy can greatly reduce adverse
reactions, notably those occurring in the digestive
tract; an improvement in appetite and a reduction in
fatigue are particularly significant.
• For patients at the intermediate and late stages
of cancer, particularly those at the late stage with
many severe symptoms and a generally weakened
condition, our overriding aim is to relieve the most
severe suffering and symptoms, particularly the pain
caused by cancer, and to improve the quality of life .
The emphasis is therefore placed on supporting
Vital Qi, assisted by dispelling pathogenic factors .
This approach ensures that residual pathogenic fac-
tors are dispelled without damaging Vital Qi and
that while supporting Vital Qi, no pathogenic fac-
tors remain . The condition can therefore be stabi-
lized .
• Rehabilitation measures such as diet therapy,
Qigong and Taijiquan are also important elements
of the overall treatment . In our experience, it is best
to "treat the physical with movement and the
mental with tranquillity." Since patients at the in-
termediate or late stage of cancer generally have a
weakened constitution, we advise them to undertake
a certain amount of physical activities insofar as
their condition allows it, for example Qigong, Tai-
jiquan, callisthenics, or walking at a leisurely pace.
Appropriate exercising can free the channels and
vessels, promote the movement of Qi and Blood,
stimulate the appetite, and help the patient to sleep
better. At the same time, the mental aspect should
not be disregarded . Patients should be encouraged
to remain optimistic and keep calm, banish the idea
that cancer automatically equals death, and be con-
fident that their bodies can fight against cancer .
 DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 49
ction) and
and White References

nd chemo- 1. Li Yan, Zhong Liu Lin Chuang Bei Yao [Essentials of 8. Bi Liqi et al ., Zhong Yao Tian Hua Fen Dan Bai Dui
he adverse Clinical Pattern Identification of Tumors], 2nd edi- Hei Se Su Xi Bao Ji Xi Bao 7_hou Qi De Ying Xiang
races indi- tion (Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, [Effect of the Proteins in Tian Hua Fen (Radix
s for sup- 1998), 12 . Trichosanthis) on Melanocytes and the Cell Cycle],
with a first 2. Robert Berkow, The Merck Manual of Medical Informa- Zhong Guo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi [Journal of In-
ce adverse tion (New York : Simon & Schuster, 1999), 867 . tegrated TCM and Western Medicine] 18, 1 (1998) :
digestive 3. Han Rui, Zhong Liu Hua Xue Yu Fang Ji Yao Wu Zhi 35-37.
Auction in Liao [Chemical Drugs and Preparations in the Pre- 9. Zhang Liping et al., Ku Shen Jian Dui K562 Xi Bao
vention and Treatment of Tumors] (Beijing. Beijing Zhu Huo Xing He Xi Bao Zhou Qi De Ying Xiang [Ef-
late stages Medical University and Peking Union Medical Uni- fect of Matrine on the Activity of K562 Cell Strains
stage with versity Joint Press, 1992), 38 . and the Cell Cycle], Zhong Hua Zhong Liu Za Zhi
weakened 4. Cao Guangwen et al ., Xian Dai Ai Zheng Sheng Wu [Chinese Oncology Journal] 20, 5 (1998) : 328-9.
the most Zhi Liao Xue [Current Biological Treatment of Can- 10 . Tian Fei et al., Wen Zhen Jiu Dui E Xing Zbong Liu
cer] (Beijing: People's Military Press, 1995), 2 . Huan Zhe De Mian Yi Sheng Wu Tiao Gong [Warm
y the pain
ity of life. 5. Sun Qingjing et al ., Dan Shen Dui Gan Ai Zhuan Yi Needling in Regulation of the Immune Biology of
upporting Fu Fa Fang Zhi Zuo Yong De Yan Jiu [Study of Dan Patients with Malignant Tumors], Zhen Jiu Lin
'.c factors . Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) in the Prevention Chuang Za Zhi [Clinical Journal of Acupuncture and
and Treatment of the Metastasis and Recurrence of Moxibustion] 15, 5 (1999) : 48-50.
genic fac-
t Qi and Primary Liver Cancer], Zhong Guo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He 11 . Li Juan et al ., Zhen Jiu Dui E Xing Zhong Liu Bing Ken
Za Zhi [Journal of Integrated TCM and Western T Lin Ba Xi Bao Ya Qun De Ying Xiang [The Effect
;enic fac-
be stabi- Medicine] 19, 5 (1999) : 292-5 . of Acupuncture on the T-Lymphocyte Subpopula-
6. Huang Lizhong et al ., Yuan Fa Xing Gan Ai Zhong Yi tion in Patients with Malignant Tumors], Zhong Guo
therapy, Zhi Fa De Lin Chuang Yan Jiu [Clinical Study of Pri- Zhen Jiu [Chinese Journal of Acupuncture and
elements mary Liver Cancer with TCM Treatment Methods], Moxibustion] 2 (1991) : 39-42 .
it is best Hu Nan Zhong Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao Journal of Hu- 12 . Chen Liangliang et al ., Zhen Jiu fia Xue Wei Fu Tie
and the nan TCM College] 16, 3 (1996) : 14-17 . Dui Ai Zheng Huan Zhe De Mian Yi Tiao Jie Zuo Yong
t the in- 7. Man Yusheng et al ., Fang She Liao Fa Lian He Ying [Immune Regulating' Actions of Acupuncture and
.y have a Yong Huo Xue Yu Fu Zheng Huo Xue Zhong Yao Zhi the Application of Medicated Dressings at Acu-
ndertake Liao Bi Yan Ai De Dui Bi Yan Jiu [Comparative puncture Points in Cancer Patients], Shan Dong Zhong
isofar as Study into the Effect on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Shandong Journal of Tradi-
)ng, Tai- of Radiotherapy Combined with Materia Medica for tional Chinese Medicine] 20, 3 (1996) : 182-3 .
:ly pace . Invigorating the Blood and Materia Medica for 13 . Bao Fei et al ., Zhen Jiu Zai E Xing Zhong Liu Zhi Liao
eels and Supporting Vital Qi and Invigorating the Blood], Zhong De Ying Yong [Application of Acupuncture in
I Blood, Zhong Guo Zhong Xi Yi fie He E Bi Hou Ke Za Zhi the Treatment of Malignant Tumors], Yi Xue Yan Jiu
to sleep [Journal of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Tong Xun [Medical Research Bulletin] 26, 3 (1997) :
t should Otolaryngology] 10, 2 (2002) : 72-73 . 36-38 .
ouraged
the idea
be con-
:er.
 Chapter 3

The role of Chinese

medicine in dealing with
the side ects of cancer
treatment

Introduction _3
Chinese--medicine as -a supplement, therapy to surge;
chemotherapy and radiotherapy
Chinese medicine in treatment strategies
for radiotherapy and chemotherapy h9


Introduction

In the discussion at the end of the previous chapter, it was emphasized that both TCM and
Western medicine have their own particular advantages in the treatment of cancer . By
supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and cultivating the Root, Chinese medicine is very effective
in enhancing the immune function, while at the same time helping to combat tumor
development . Treatment with Western medicine is effective in eradicating tumors or inhib-
iting their growth through surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy . However, these more
invasive methods often hamper the immune function and lower the body's resistance . Prac-
tice has provided evidence that effective combination of TCM and Western medicine can
offer the advantages of both approaches to improve the quality of life, reduce the inci-
dence of recurrence and metastasis, and prolong the survival period .!
As detailed in the previous chapter, a number of TCM treatment principles are currently
widely recognized in China for application in conjunction with Western medicine in the
management of cancer :
• supplementing Qi and nourishing the Blood
• enriching Yin and nourishing the Blood
• nourishing Yin and generating Body Fluids
• warming the Kidneys and strengthening Yang
• fortifying the Spleen and harmonizing the Stomach
• fortifying the Spleen and boosting the Kidneys
• dredging the Liver and regulating Qi
• invigorating the Blood and transforming Blood stasis
• transforming Phlegm and dispelling Dampness
• softening hardness and dissipating lumps
• clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity
The first six treatment principles focus on the principles of supporting Vital Qi (Zheng
Qi) and cultivating the Root to take account of the deficient and weak constitution of
cancer patients ; the latter five focus on the local management of cancer by dispelling
pathogenic factors and relieving Toxicity :
Although staging systems vary according to the type of tumor and mail be site-specific,
cancer is normally classified into three stages - early or localized, intermediate or direct ex-
tension, and late or metastasis . The treatment decision is based on the stage involved and
the patient's constitution and overall condition :
• for patients at the early stage of a cancer, where the tumor is still localized and confined
to the tissue of origin and whose overall condition and constitution are relatively good, the
main treatment strategy should aim at dispelling pathogenic factors and relieving Toxicity,
assisted by supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and cultivating the Root;
54 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
• for patients at the intermediate stage, where
cancer cells from the tumor have invaded
neighboring tissue or spread to regional lymph
nodes, but whose overall condition and constitution
are still relatively good, the main treatment strategy
should be based on a combination of the principle
of dispelling pathogenic factors and relieving Tox-
icity and the principle of supporting Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi) and cultivating the Root ;
• for patients at the late stage, where cancer cells
have migrated from the primary site to distant parts
of the body, and whose overall condition and con-
stitution are comparatively weak with insufficiency
of Qi and Blood, the main treatment strategy
should aim at supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and
cultivating the Root, assisted by dispelling patho-
genic factors and relieving Toxicity.
At the intermediate and late stages, most patients
are physically weak with deficient immune systems .
The cellular immunity of 85% of cancer patients is
below the normal range, a situation of "Deficiency
of Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and Excess of pathogenic
factors ."2 Body resistance is decreased, while the
tumor Toxins spread further in the body . TCM
treatment of tumors at these stages, especially in
relatively severe cases, should not be aimed at
eradicating the tumor, but rather at improving the
symptoms, decreasing suffering and improving the
quality of life . This is why the treatment principle
focuses on supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and cul-
tivating the Root, assisted by dispelling pathogei
factors and relieving Toxicity. Vital Qi must
supported without nourishing pathogenic facto
when dispelling pathogenic factors, Vital Qi mi
not be damaged .
Treatment with TCM and Western medici :
can be integrated at all stages in the develo
ment of a cancer. Integration of treatment is
dynamic procedure of pattern identification ai
disease differentiation . For instance, in TO
cancer at the early stages generally belongs
Yin-Cold patterns and is treated by medicino
for warming Yang and freeing stagnation, i
those for dissipating Cold, such as Yang He Ta
(Harmonious Yang Decoction) .
However, in the intermediate or late stages of t
disease, patients often present with Heat signs su
as internal Heat due to enduring illness, resulting
Yin Deficiency. This condition is characterized
low-grade fever or Excess-Heat (manifesting as hi ;
fever where there is infection), dry stool, yellow
reddish urine, a yellow and greasy or yellow, thi
and greasy tongue coating, and a wiry, slippery ai
rapid pulse. Therefore, the treatment of cancers
this stage should be based on pattern identificatih
with the involvement of materia medica for clean
Heat and relieving Toxicity. Whatever the sta,
reached, the need to regulate the function of t
Spleen and Stomach should be borne in miv
throughout the treatment .
ithogenic
must be
Chinese medicine as a
factors ;
Qi must
supplementary therapy to surgery,
nedicine

chemotherapy and radiotherapy

levelop-
lent is a
don and
TCM,
ongs to
:dicinals Chinese medicine can be used in combination with Western medicine to alleviate the
tion, or side-effects of the latter's more invasive techniques when treating cancer . In the manage-
He Tang ment of cancer, Chinese medicine has proved very effective when used as a supplementary
therapy to surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
es of the
gns such
;ulting in Surgery
:rized by
as high BEFORE SURGERY
ellow or
)w, thick Surgery is currently one of the main methods employed in the treatment of cancer. Labo-
3ery and ratory tests and clinical practice indicate that intramuscular or intravenous injection of
Gncers at HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) before an operation on cancers of the gastrointes-
ification tinal tract can raise the total white blood count (WBC) in peripheral blood and increase T
clearing lymphocyte activity. This indicates that materia medica for supporting Vital Qi can
ie stage strengthen the patient's resistance to infection and enhance cell-mediated immunity .3
_ of the Our experience in treating thousands of cancer patients at the Sino-Japanese Friendship
n mind Hospital in Beijing has shown that administration before surgery of Chinese materia
medica for supplementing Qi and nourishing the Blood, fortifying the Spleen and aug-
menting Qi, and enriching and supplementing the Liver and Kidneys will increase the
body's ability to withstand surgery, reduce postoperative complications and sequelae, con-
trol the development of the disease, and benefit postoperative rehabilitation .
Recommended prescriptions include Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction), Ba Zhen
Tang (Eight Treasure Decoction), Bao Yuan Tang (Origin-Preserving Decoction), Shi Quan
Da Bu Tang (Perfect Major Supplementation Decoction) and Iiu Wei Di Huang Wan
(Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) .

AFTER SURGERY
TCM holds that surgery damages Qi and Blood and affects the functioning of the
Zang-Fu organs. During the postoperative period, this condition manifests as depletion
of and damage to Qi and Blood, disharmony of Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) and Wei Qi (De-
fensive Qi), and Spleen-Stomach disharmony . Treatment with Chinese materia medica can
reduce the possibility of recurrence and metastasis and create an appropriate condition for
future radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
56 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Treatment principles
REGULATING THE SPLEEN AND
HARMONIZING THE STOMACH
An operation, particularly one involving the digestive
tract, normally causes gastrointestinal dysfunction,
manifesting as poor appetite, abdominal distension
and constipation due to anesthesia, bleeding and
trauma during the operation . At this stage, the treat-
ment principle of fortifying the Spleen and harmo-
nizing the Stomach should be applied.
• For straightforward manifestations of Spleen
Deficiency, Qi depletion and Spleen-Stomach dis-
harmony, Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang (Aucklandia and
Amomum Six Gentlemen Decoction) should be
prescribed .
• For obvious signs of constitutional Deficiency,
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Decoction for Supplementing
the Middle Burner and Augmenting Qi) should be
applied in combination with materia medica for
increasing the appetite and dispersing food accu-
mulation such as Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis
Macrocephalae) and Ji Nei Jinn (Endothelium
Corneum Gigeriae Galli) .
• For pronounced postoperative abdominal dis-
tension and constipation with no passage of
stool for a number of days, dry mouth, and a
dry, yellow and thick tongue coating, Zeng Ye
Cheng Qi Tang (Decoction for Increasing Body
Fluids and Sustaining Qi) should be prescribed
to enrich Yin, generate Body Fluids, regulate Qi,
transform stagnation, free the Fu organs, and
drain Heat .
AUGMENTING QI AND CONSOLIDATING
THE EXTERIOR
Patients with postoperative disharmony of Ying Qi
(Nutritive Qi) and Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) accompa-
nied by exterior Deficiency, characterized by sweat-
ing due to Deficiency, aversion to cold, fatigue and
lack of strength should be prescribed a formula
based on Yu Ping Feng San Qade Screen Powder) to
augment Qi and consolidate the exterior .
Commonly used materia medica include
Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
Yin Yang Huo (Herba Epimedii)
Fang Feng (Radix Ledebouriellae Divaricatae)
Cang Er Zi (Fructus Xanthii Sibirici)
NOURISHING YIN AND GENERATING
BODY FLUIDS
Materia medica for nourishing Yin and generating
Body Fluids should be prescribed for patients with
severe damage to Stomach Yin and depletion of
Body Fluids, characterized by dry mouth and
tongue, nausea, poor appetite, dry stool, a red
tongue body with no coating, and a deep and
thready pulse . These signs are often seen after op-
erations for cancer of the digestive system . It is
recommended that a formula be designed based
on Sha Shen Mai Dong Tang (Adenophora/Glehnia
and Ophiopogon Decoction) or Wu Zhi Yin (Five
Juice Beverage) .
Commonly used materia medica include
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis)
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici)
Tian Men Dong (Radix Asparagi Cochinchinensis)
Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis)
Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii)
Gui Ban* (Plastrum Testudinis)
Yu Zhu (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati)
Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati)
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis)
Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis)
Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae)
Bai Mu Er (Tremella)
AUGMENTING QI AND RELIEVING
TOXICITY
Materia medica for augmenting Qi and relieving
Toxicity should be prescribed for patients with
purulent wounds that are slow to heal after an
operation .

SURGERY,
.de Recommended materia medica include
Zhi HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari,
Ialae) mix-fried with honey)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Jin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae)
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis)
LianQiao (Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae)
Zao Jiao Ci (Spina Gleditsiae Sinensis)
TING Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
venerating Clinical observation reports
Tents with
,letion of SHEN MAI ZHU SHE YE (GINSENG AND
)uth and OPHIOPOGON INJECTION)
D1, a red
seep and Liu et al. investigated the effects of Shen Mai Zhu
after op- She Ye (Ginseng and Ophiopogon Injection) in pro-
em. It is moting postoperative recovery of patients with
ed based breast cancer.4
/Glehnia Groups: Eighty patients undergoing breast cancer
Yin (Five surgery but without any accompanying diabetes,
hypertension, heart disease or hemorrhagic disor-
ders were selected from those attending the breast
.e clinic at the authors' hospital and divided randomly
isae) into two groups according to the date of admission
is) to the authors' hospital:
ci) • 40 patients aged from 29 to 70 (mean age :
Isis) 48.2±9.4) were placed in a TCM plus chemotherapy
group ; 34 patients had undergone a modified radical
mastectomy. Local extensive removal of tissue plus
clearance of lymph nodes in the axillary fossa was
undertaken in the other 6 cases . The average
amount of bleeding during surgery was 444±199m1 .
Postoperative staging based on the WHO TNM
)idis) classification resulted in 8 cases being staged at
T1NoMo, 11 at 21NoMo, 10 at T1N1Mo, 9 at T2NIMo,
e)
and 2 at T3NoMo .
• The other 40 patients aged from 30 to 69 (mean
J
age : 47 .1±9 .8) were placed in a chemotherapy-only
group; 34 patients had undergone a modified radical
mastectomy. Local extensive removal of tissue plus
.elieving clearance of lymph nodes in the axillary fossa was
is with undertaken in the other 6 cases . The average
ifter an amount of bleeding during the operation was
378±175ml . Postoperative staging based on the
CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIOTHERAPY 57
WHO TNM classification resulted in 7 cases being
staged at T1NoMo, 11 at 21NoMo, 9 at T1N1Mo, 10 at
T2N1Mo, and 3 at T3NoMo .
Method
For the TCM plus chemotherapy group, 60m1 of
Shen Mai Zhu She Ye (Ginseng and Ophiopogon In-
jection) dissolved in 300m1 of 10% glucose was
administered by intravenous infusion over 1 .5 hours
for seven days commencing on the day after surgery .
The injection, produced by Hangzhou Zheng Da
Qing Chun Bao Pharmaceutical Company, con-
sisted of Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) and Mai Men
Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) . As soon as
the surgical wound healed, the first course of che-
motherapy was given . Eighteen patients were given
cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil
(CMF), 15 were given doxorubicin (Adriamycin®),
and 7 were given cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin
(Adriamycin(&) and cisplatin (CAP) . The course
lasted for two weeks, followed by a rest period of
two weeks and then the second chemotherapy
course .
The chemotherapy-only group was given che-
motherapy without TCM treatment over the same
period as the TCM plus chemotherapy group ; 18
patients were given the CMF regime, 16 were given
doxorubicin (Adriamycin®), and 6 were given the
CAP regime .
Complications (including skin flap necrosis,
pleural effusion and infection) were recorded and
measurements taken of the postoperative drainage
volume, the wound healing time, and peripheral
blood values (including WBC, Hb and platelets)
before the operation, on the third and ninth post-
operative days, and one week before the second
course of chemotherapy . NK cells and T lympho-
cyte subsets (CD3, CD4, CD8) of 22 patients in each
group were measured before the operation and on
the ninth postoperative day . The t test was used for
statistical purposes .
Results
• Complications : four patients with pleural effu-
sion and one with wound infection in the TCM
plus chemotherapy group ; seven patients with
pleural effusion, one with wound infection and


58 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER

two with skin flap necrosis in the group treated chemotherapy-only group (P<0 .05) : postopera
by chemotherapy only. tive drainage volumes were not significantly dii
• The wound healing time in the TCM plus ferent (see Table 3-1) .
chemotherapy group was shorter than in the

Table 3-1 Comparison of postoperative drainage volume and wound healing time

Group No. of patients Postoperative drainage volume Wound healing time (days)
(ml)
TCM plus chemother- 40 131 .25±77 .36 10 .05±1 .75'
ap y group
Chemotherapy-only 40 123 .75±65 .13 12 .68±3 .45
group
Note :' In comparison with the chemotherapy-only group, P<0.05.

• Peripheral blood values were not significantly
different between the two groups before the
operation and on the third postoperative day ;
the white blood cell and platelet count showed
no significant differences between the two
groups on the ninth postoperative day and after
the first course of chemotherapy, but hemoglo-
bin in the TCM plus chemotherapy group re-
turned toward normal values significantly
quicker than in the chemotherapy-only group,
P<0 .05 (see Table 3-2) .

Table 3-2 Comparison ofpre- and postoperative peripheral blood values

Group Stage Hb (g/L) \XTBC (x10 9 /L) Platelets (x109/L)

TCM plus Before surgery 129 .1±10.2 5 .4±1 .2 206.1±45 .7
chemotherapy 3rd postoperative day 100 .5±14.3 6 .8±1 .5 198.7±56 .1
(40 patients) 9th postoperative day 119 .5±14 .9' 6 .4±2 .0 249.9±79 .8
After first course of chemotherapy 124 .9±11 .2' 5 .3±1 .3 204 .8±53 .8
Chemotherapy Before surgery 127 .3±10 .7 5 .8±1 .4 220.7±47 .3
only 3rd postoperative day 105 .2±12 .9 7 .2±2 .0 231 .7±78 .9
(40 patients) 9th postoperative day 107 .9±11 .6 5 .6±1 .6 260.3±59 .7
After first course of chemotherapy 110 .8±10 .8 4 .7±1 .2 212.4±55 .2
Note :' In comparison with the chemotherapy-only group, P<0 .05.

• NK cells, CD4 and the CD4/CDs ratio in the
TCM plus chemotherapy group rose signifi-
cantly faster than in the chemotherapy-only
group (see Table 3-3) .
Conclusion
The authors suggest that injection of Shen Alai Zhu
She Ye (Ginseng and Ophiopogon Injection) may
benefit recovery of immune function postopera-
tively in patients with breast cancer, reduce the
occurrence of complications, and create an envi-
ronment for early commencement of postoperative
chemotherapy.


SURGERY, CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIOTHERAPY 59

Table 3-3 Comparison of activity of NK cells and T /mphocyte subsets

Group Stage Activity of NK CD3 (%) CD4 (%) CDs (%) CD4/CDs
cells (%)
TCM plus Before surgery 18 .11±3 .24 60 .15±8 .63 33 .86±4 .67 23 .21±5 .45 1 .47±0 .36
chemotherapy After surgery 23 .54±7 .85 § 61 .11±9 .79 35 .15±5 .21 § 21 .42±4 .38 1 .65±0 .36 §
(22 patients)
Chemotherapy Before surgery 18 .29±3 .33 62 .48±7 .79 32.09±3 .16 20 .94±2.02 1 .59±0 .18
only After surgery 20 .05±3 .20 61 .71±7 .76 29.49±3 .92 19 .34±2.04 1 .57±0 .18
(22patients)
Note: § In comparison with the chemotherapy-only group postoperation, P<0 .05 .

CHANG Al KANG FU TANG (COLORECTAL Method

CANCER ANTI-RELAPSE DECOCTION)
Li et al. reported on the effects of Chang Ai Kang
Fu Tang (Colorectal Cancer Anti-Relapse Decoction)
on postoperative immunity of patients with colo-
rectal cancer. This decoction was formulated by
Professor Wang Pei of Beijing TCM University .5
Groups: The authors observed 48 patients from
May 1997 to December 1998 after surgery for
colorectal cancer. They divided them into three
groups randomly according to date of admission to
hospital:
• Group A of 16 patients, aged from 31 to 70
(mean age: 54.65), was treated with Chang Ai Kang
Fu Tang (Colorectal Cancer Anti-Relapse Decoc-
tion) .
• Group B of 17 patients, aged from 26 to 65
(mean age: 51 .23), was treated with chemotherapy .
• Group C of 15 patients, aged from 32 to 68
(mean age : 56 .31), was treated with both Chang Ai
Kang Fu Tang (Colorectal Cancer Anti-Relapse De-
coction) and chemotherapy.
Symptoms and signs: Patients' general symptoms
and signs postoperatively reflected a condition of
Spleen and Kidney Deficiency and included loss of
weight, aversion to cold, cold limbs, poor appetite,
abdominal distension, abdominal pain with a liking
for warmth, a lusterless facial complexion, mental
fatigue and no desire to speak, loose stools, a pale
and enlarged tongue with a white coating, and a
deep and thready pulse .
Group A started taking the Chang Ai Kang Fu
Tang (Colorectal Cancer Anti-Relapse Decoction) in
the first week after the operation (one bag decocted
for use twice a day, morning and evening) ; a regime
of six days of the decoction followed by one day
rest continued for three months .
Treatment principle
Supplement and nourish Qi and Blood, inhibit can-
cer and disperse tumors.
Decoction ingredients
Zhi Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari,
mix-fried with honey) 20g
Chao Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,
stir-fried) 10g
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyl-
lae) 15g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Zhu Ling (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati) 10g
Fu Zing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 1 Og
Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) 10g
Zhi Bie Jia* (Carapax Amydae Sinensis, mix-fried
with honey) 10g
Chaan Shan fiat (Squama Manitis Pentadactylae) 20g
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 6g
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
Ban Bian Lian (Herba Lobeliae Chinensis cum
Radice) 30g
Qing Hao (Herba Artemisiae Chinghao) 1 Og
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 1 Og
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g

60 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
• Group B was given an intravenous infusion of
500mg/m 2 of 5-fluorouracil dissolved in 500m1 of
0.9% saline one day before the operation ; during
the operation, 1000mg of 5-fluorouracil was in-
stilled in the intestinal cavity; an intravenous infu-
sion of 500mg/m 2 of 5-fluorouracil was given over
2-8 hours on the first day after the operation . Che-
motherapy started in the second week postopera-
tion consisting of an intravenous infusion over 2-8
hours of 500mg/m2 of 5-fluorouracil dissolved in
500m1 of 5% glucose and 2mg/m2 of mitomycin
dissolved in 500m1 of 5% glucose, administered
once or twice a week depending on the patient's
condition ; the course lasted for three weeks. After
the first course, patients rested for one month . A
second course with the same drugs was then ad-
ministered .
• Group C combined the treatment given to
groups A and B .
Results
The values of T lymphocyte subsets and NK cells
were recorded before surgery, in the first postopera-
tive week, and in the first, second and third postop-
erative months (see Table 3-4) .
CD3+ and CD 4+
In the first postoperative week, the average values
for CD3+ and CD 4+ in all three groups decreased in
comparison with the measurements taken before
surgery. One month postoperatively, CD3+ and
CD4+ in group A patients had returned above the
pre-surgery levels, but were still below these levels
in groups B and C. CD3+ returned to the
pre-surgery level in Group C patients after the sec-
ond postoperative month, but did not do so in
group B patients until the third month . CD3+ and
CD4+ values in group B patients were still below
normal values after three months .
CDs+:
In all three groups, CDs+ increased in the first
postoperative week, before returning to normal in
the first month postoperatively, with no changes
thereafter. This indicates that the cellular immunity
of patients with colorectal cancer was immunosup-
pressive.
CD4+/CDs+ ratio :
Before surgery, the CD4+/CDs+ ratio in all group;
was lower than normal and dropped further in thf
first postoperative week . It returned to normal it
the first postoperative month in group A patients
but not until the second month for the other twc
groups (P<0.05) .
NK cells :
Before surgery, the number of NK cells in all
groups was lower than normal and fell further in
the first postoperative week. It returned to normal
in the first postoperative month in group A patients,
but not until the second month for the other two
groups (P<0 .01 in comparison between group A
and group B) .
Explanation of Chang Ai Kang Fu Tang
(Colorectal Cancer Anti-Relapse Decoction)
• Zhi Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari,
mix-fried with honey), Chao Bai Zhu (Rhizoma
Atractylodis Macrocephalae, stir-fried), Tai Zi
Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae), Fu
Iing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos), Zhu Ling (Scie-
rotium Polypori Umbellati) and Gan Cao (Radix
Glycyrrhizae) fortify the Spleen and augment
Qi.
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and E Zhu
(Rhizoma Curcumae) invigorate the Blood and
transform Blood stasis .
• Zhi Bie Jia* (Carapax Amydae Sinensis, mix-fried
with honey) and Chuan Shan Jiat (Squama Man-
tis Pentadactylae) soften hardness and dissipate
lumps .
• Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae)
warms the Spleen and Kidneys .
• Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae), Ban
Bian Lian (Herba Lobeliae Chinensis cum
Radice), Qing Hao (Herba Artemisiae Chinghao)
and Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) clear Heat and re-
lieve Toxicity, and have anti-cancer properties .
Conclusion : The authors suggest that Chang Ai
Kang Fu Tang (Colorectal Cancer Anti-Relapse De-
coction) may increase the postoperative immunity
of patients with colorectal cancer.
 SURGERY, CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIOTHERAPY 61

Table 3-4 Comparison of activity of T lympho j'te subsets and NK cells

all groups
her in the Group Stage CD3+ (%) CD4+ (%) CDs' (%) CD4+/CD8 + NK Clo)
normal in A (16) Before surgery 56 .7±9 .8 35 .5±7 .0 39 .9±7 .2 1 .09±0.44 29 .2±5 .6
i patients, First week post- 52 .7±9 .1 33 .4±8 .8 44.3±9 .3 1 .06±0 .43 26 .7±4.6
other two operation
First month 59 .3±8 .7 38 .3±9 .7 30.5±9 .0 1 .50±0.64 33 .7±5 .5
postoperation
Second month 63 .3±7 .2 39.0±5 .7 27 .5±9 .0 1 .70±0.58 34 .4±3 .8
_lls in all
postoperation
further in
Third month 66.5±6.5 39 .3±6.7 32 .2±6 .4 1 .45±0 .34 33 .4±5 .3
:o normal
postoperation
~ patients, 1 .12±0 .37 28 .5±4 .6
B (17) Before surgery 57.8±7.4 36 .3±7 .6 38 .5±6 .3
)ther two 0 .89±0 .70 27 .4±5 .5
First week post- 53.8±8.3 34 .3±6 .6 45 .7±9 .7
group A operation
First month 51 .1±4 .2§ 29 .6±8 .7 § 33 .4±7 .7 1 .09±0 .35 § 28 .5±4 .6H
postoperation
'ang Second month 55 .7±8 .4 35 .6±4 .8 31 .3±8 .8 1 .46±0 .60 32 .8±4 .8
:tion) postoperation
Hedysari, Third month 57 .2±9 .8 37 .8±7 .4 30.5±7 .6 1 .40±0 .74 34.7±5 .7
Rhizoma postoperation
), Tai Zi C (15) Before surgery 55 .9±8 .7 36 .8±6 .5 37 .9±6 .2 1 .29±0 .35 28 .9±5 .2
First week post- 51 .9±8 .7 34 .7±5 .7 47 .7±8 .5 0.98±0 .44 27 .2±5 .1
yllae), Fu
operation
ing (Scle-
First month 52 .1±4 .9§ 35 .6±4 .8 - 32 .4±6 .9 1 .12±0 .52§ 28 .8±5 . . s
'ao (Radix
postoperation
augment
Second month 58 .9±7 .9 35 .3±5 .5 29 .6±7 .6 1 .60±0.63 33.6±5.0
postoperation
id E Zhu Third month 65 .9±7 .9 38.8±8 .3 33.4±9 .0 1 .56±0.45 35.5±5.2
lood and postoperation
Note : §P<0.05, §§P<0.01 in comparison with group A; P<0.05 in comparison with group B .
nix-fried
na Mani-
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUST70N adenocarcinoma and three with adenosquamous
dissipate
carcinoma; 16 cases were classified as stage Ib, 13 as
Sun et al. reported on the effects of acupuncture stage IIa, and one as stage IIb .
ylifoliae)
and moxibustion in the restoration of bladder func- Method.. All patients in both groups had under-
tion after surgery for cervical cancer. gone radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer under
tae), Ban
Groups: The authors allocated 92 patients into two epidural anesthesia . A routine indwelling catheter
sis cum
groups : was placed post-operation and 250ml of 0 .2% ni-
hinghao)
• 62 patients, aged from 20 to 60 (mean age : trofurazone was used every day for bladder irriga-
t and re-
49 .21), were placed in an acupuncture group ; 57 pa- tion to prevent urinary tract infection .
'erties.
tients were diagnosed with squamous carcinoma, • For the TCM treatment group, acupuncture was
;hang AI four with adenocarcinoma and one with applied on the fifth day post-operation at BL-23
pse De- adenosquamous carcinoma; 30 cases were classified Shenshu, BL-28 Pangguangshu, BL-54 Zhibian,
nmunity as stage lb, 28 as stage IIa, and 4 as stage IIb . BL-32 Ciliao, ST 36 Zusanli, SP-6 Sanyinjiao, and
• 30 patients, aged from 21 to 62 (mean age : BL-60 Kunlun (all bilateral) .
50 .23), were placed in a comparison group ; 24 were Filiform needles, 30mm x 0 .25mm, were
diagnosed with squamous carcinoma, three with inserted to a depth of 1-1 .5 cun . The even method
62 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
was applied with rotation, lifting and thrusting . The
needles were retained for 30 minutes, with manipu-
lation every ten minutes . After the needles were
withdrawn, the patient lay in a supine position for
moxibustion treatment. A moxa stick was cut into
five equal portions, which were distributed evenly in
a moxa box . After lighting the moxa, the box was
placed on the lower abdomen to apply moxibustion
to CV-3 Zhongji, CV-4 Guanyuan, CV 6 Qihai and
CV-2 Qugu for 20-30 minutes. Acupuncture and
moxibustion were applied once a day for 15 days .
• For the comparison group, no acupuncture or
moxibustion was applied thus allowing neutral re-
covery of the bladder function .
Results
In the TCM treatment group, a pronounced effect
was seen in 32 patients, some effect in 26 and no
effect in 4; in the comparison group, a pronounced
effect was seen in two patients, some effect in 17,
and no effect in 11 .
• Pronounced effect : residual urine volume less
than 100ml/day after five to nine sessions of acu-
puncture and moxibustion; postoperative symptoms
and signs, such as urinary retention, disappeared
completely.
• Some effect : residual urine volume less than
100ml/day after 10 to 14 sessions of acupuncture
and moxibustion, gradual alleviation of urinary re-
tention .
• No effect: residual urine volume more than
100m1/day after 15 sessions of acupuncture and
moxibustion treatment, no significant difference in
symptoms and signs .
Discussion and conclusion : The authors suggest
that postoperative bladder dysfunction was caused by
depletion of and damage to Qi and Blood and ob-
struction of the Bladder channel during surgery, thus
inhibiting Qi transformation in the Lower Burner .
Since the Spleen and Stomach stand in exterior-
interior relationship, the combination of ST 36
Zusanli, the he (uniting) point of the Stomach
channel, and SP-6 Sanyinjiao not only fortifies the
Spleen and augments Qi but also transforms Qi and
promotes urination .
BL-23 Shenshu, BL-28 Pangguangshu, BL-54
Zhibian, BL-32 Ciliao and BL-60 Kunlun dredge
and regulate Qi in the Bladder channel to enable the
Bladder to transform Qi properly and open and
close to the appropriate degree . In particular, since
BL-23 Shenshu, BL-28 Pangguangshu, BL-54
Zhibian and BL-32 Ciliao are near the bladder, they
can excite its sympathetic nerve by local stimulation
to increase contractility and enhance micturition .
CV-3 Zhongji, the front-mu point of the Bladder,
CV-4 Guanyuan, the front-mu point of the Small
Intestine, and CV -6 Qihai are key points for pre-
serving health . As they are above the surgical inci-
sion, moxibustion at these points can not only
improve recovery of the bladder function, but also
help to heal the surgical wound and enhance the
immune function.
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy
CHINESE MEDICINE IN REDUCING THE
SIDE-EFFECTS AND INCREASING THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF RADIOTHERAPY
AND CHEMOTHERAPY
Combining Chinese medicine with radiotherapy
and/or chemotherapy in the treatment of tumors
has a number of advantages and has attracted in-
creasing interest in recent years. By reducing the toxic
reactions and adverse side-effects encountered in
radiotherapy and chemotherapy, Chinese herbal
medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion can improve
hematopoiesis, protect the renal and hepatic func-
tions, and decrease gastrointestinal side-effects . They
can also alleviate radiation pneumonitis, proctitis and
cystitis, and reduce vomiting associated with chemo-
therapy (these specific side-effects are discussed in
Chapter 4) . In more general terms, Chinese medicine
enhances the immune function and raises the
long-term survival rate of cancer patients .7
Treatment principles
Chinese medicine has an important role to play as
an accessory treatment in decreasing adverse
 SURGERY, CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIOTHERAPY 63
u, BL-54 side-effects resulting from radiotherapy and che-
in dredge motherapy. There are two main treatment principles
enable the commonly adopted in internal treatment with Chi-
open and nese materia medica :
Alar, since • fortifying the Spleen and boosting the Kidneys
t, BL-54 to support Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and cultivate the
ider, they Root, which has long been the principal treatment
imulation method ;
rition. • augmenting Qi and invigorating the Blood to
Bladder, transform Blood stasis, which has been studied
he Small more actively in recent years .
for pre- TCM considers that the toxic or other adverse
;ical inci- side-effects appearing during radiotherapy and
not only chemotherapy courses are the consequence of exu-
but also berant Heat Toxins, impairment of the generation
.ance the of Body Fluids, disharmony of and damage to Qi
and Blood, Spleen-Stomach disharmony, and deple-
tion of and damage to the Liver and Kidneys .
erapy Most of the adverse side-effects resulting from
radiotherapy are Heat patterns, with Yin being
severely damaged by Heat Toxins . The condition
THE should therefore be treated according to the princi-
'HE ples of clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity, gener-
PY ating Body Fluids and moistening Dryness,
supplementing Qi and Blood using materia medica
of a cool or cold nature, fortifying the Spleen and
therapy harmonizing the Stomach, enriching and supple-
tumors
menting the Liver and Kidneys, and careful use of
icted in
materia medica for invigorating the Blood and
the toxic
transforming Blood stasis.
tered in
In chemotherapy, most adverse side-effects
herbal
manifest as patterns of damage to Qi and Blood,
improve
Spleen-Stomach disharmony, and depletion of the
is func-
Liver and Kidneys ; all these result from accumula-
ts . They
tion of the drugs used during the therapy. Patterns
titis and involving Heat Toxins and damage to Yin are not as
chemo- severe as in radiotherapy. For patients undergoing
issed in chemotherapy, the treatment principle of support-
aedicine ing Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) should be adopted ; in other
ses the words, supplement Qi, nourish the Blood, fortify
the Spleen, harmonize the Stomach, and enrich and
supplement the Liver and Kidneys . If an inflam-
matory reaction occurs such as mouth ulcers or
phlebitis, materia medica for clearing Heat and
play as relieving Toxicity can be added to the treatment .
adverse Statistical data covering recent decades indicate
that 70-90 percent of patients undergoing radio-
therapy or chemotherapy combined with internal
treatment with Chinese materia medica completed
their course, compared with 50-70 percent for those
undergoing these therapies without TCM treat-
ment 7
The five-year survival rate for patients given in-
ternal treatment with Chinese materia medica stands
at 50-60 percent for patients with stomach cancer
(intermediate stage, postoperative) and more than
60 percent for patients with nasopharyngeal cancer,
compared with 20-30 percent and 40 percent re-
spectively for patients not receiving treatment with
Chinese medicine . The survival rate of patients with
cervical or vulval cancer, breast cancer and lung
cancer increases by 5 to 10 years when combined
on a long-term basis with supplementary treatment
by materia medica for supporting Vital Qi (Zheng
Qi) 7 This indicates that combining TCM and West-
ern medicine can improve the constitution of
patients and enhance their quality of life .
Experimental studies carried out over the last two
decades have demonstrated that some Chinese ma-
teria medica commonly used in combination with
radiotherapy and chemotherapy can enhance the
immune system by promoting phagocytosis, pro-
tecting the bone marrow and promoting hemato-
poiesis, and preventing leukopenia and thrombocy-
topenia . 7
Formulae include Fu Zheng Jie Du Chong Ji (Solu-
ble Granules for Supporting Vital Qi and Relieving
Toxicity) (see below) and Jian Pi Yi Shen Chong Ji
(Soluble Granules for Fortifying the Spleen and
Boosting the Kidneys), composed of Dang Shen
(Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g, Gou Qi Zi
(Fructus Lycii) 15g, Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 15g,
Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g and Bu Gu
Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) 15g.
Other materia medica for clearing Heat and re-
lieving Toxicity have bacteriostatic, bactericidal,
antipyretic or virucidal effects. Some materia medica
for invigorating the Blood and transforming Blood
stasis improve microcirculation and increase per-
meability of the blood vessels to reduce local
hypoxia . 8
64 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
SUPPORTING VITAL QI (ZHENG QI) AND
CULTIVATING THE ROOT
Supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and cultivating the
Root refers to application of the treatment princi-
ples of fortifying the Spleen, boosting the Kidneys,
augmenting Qi and supplementing the Blood . The
Kidneys provide the material basis for the congeni-
tal constitution (Earlier Heaven) and the Spleen
provides the material basis for the acquired consti-
tution (Later Heaven) . Therefore, supplementing
and boosting the Spleen and Kidneys is synony-
mous with supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) .
Chinese medicine follows the theory of bian .Zheng
Ian -,hi to determine treatment according to the pat-
terns identified in order to restore the balance of
Yin and Yang within the body and harmonize the
Zang-Fu organs. TCM considers that Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi) is synonymous with the immune func-
tions and the theory of the Zang-Fu organs is
closely associated with the immune system, espe-
cially the Spleen, Kidneys and Lungs . This view is
reflected in the saying "if Vital Qi is preserved in
the interior, how can pathogenic factors attack?"
As the root of the acquired constitution (Later
Heaven) and the source of generation and trans-
formation, the Spleen produces large amounts of
lymphocytes and macrophages .
As the root of the congenital constitution (Ear-
lier Heaven), the Kidneys govern the bones and
generate the Marrow. Deficiency of the Kidneys
will hamper the immune function because im-
munocompetent cells are derived from pluripotent
stem cells that originate in the bone marrow. When
TCM asserts that the Kidneys generate the Marrow,
this relates to the production of immunocompetent
cells and their regulatory function ; materia medica
for supplementing the Kidneys are therefore cap-
able of promoting the production of immuno-
competent cells .
The Lungs govern Qi, control the hundred ves-
sels which converge in the Lungs and are associated
with the skin and hair . Lung Qi is directly related to
We] Qi (Defensive Qi), both in its action of con-
solidating the interstices (cog br) and in the powerful
phagocytosis of the alveolar macrophages . Supple-
menting Lung Qi is also an important aspect in
supplementing Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) to protect the
body against invasion by external pathogenic factors.
The immune-enhancing action of materia medica
for supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) is widely recog-
nized . 9 Modern pharmacological studies have dem-
onstrated that around 200 Chinese materia medica
are active in regulating the immune function and are
therefore of benefit when treating the effects of
radiotherapy and chemotherapy. 2
Materia medica with supplementing actions used
to treat Deficiency and depletion patterns supple-
ment Deficiency and support Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) .
They have various actions on the immune system :
Materia medica and formulae for promoting the production
and enhancing thefunctions of legkocyytes and macrophages
Materia medica
Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng)
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita)
He Shou Wu (Radix Polygon Multiflori)
E Jiaot (Gelatinum Corii Asini)
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii)
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi)
7vIai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonci)
HuangJing (Rhizoma Polygonati)
Nii Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi)
Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii)
Sang Shen (Fructus Mori Albae)
Lu Rongt (Cornu Cervi Parvum)
Yin Yang Huo (Herba Epimedii)
Tr Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae)
Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae)
Don,g Chong Xia Caot (Cordyceps Sinensis)
Suo Yang (Herba Cynomorii Songarici)
Bali Tian (Radix Morindae Offcinalis)
Yi Zhi Ken (Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae)
Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis)
Formulae
Bu Zhorrg Yi Qi Tang (Decoction for Supplementing
the Middle Burner and Augmenting Qi)

SURGERY, CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIOTHERAPY 65
,rotect the Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill)
is factors. Mai Men Dong Tang (Ophiopogon Decoction)
ria medica Tu Si Zi Yin (Dodder Seed Beverage)
lely recog- • Che Da Zao Wan (Placenta Great Creation Pill)
iave dem-
ia medica Materia medica and formulae for promoting the production
)n and are and enhancing the functions of T lymphocytes
effects of Materia medica
ions used Hong Shen (Radix Ginseng Rubra)
Is supple- Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
heng Qi) . HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
system :
Ling Zhi (Ganoderma)
production Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
rophages • Shou Wu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori)
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii)
Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati)
Nii Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi)
Tian Men Dong (Radix Asparagi Cochinchinensis)
Han Lian Cao (Herba Ecliptae Prostratae)
Sang Shen (Fructus Mori Albae)
?e Yin Yang Huo (Herba Epimedii)
• Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae)
Suo Yang (Herba Cynomorii Songarici)
Sha Yuan Zi (Semen Astragali Complanati)
Formulae
• Ping Feng San Qade Screen Powder)
Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction)
Sheng Mai San (Pulse-Generating Powder)
Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang (Aucklandia and Amo-
mum Six Gentlemen Decoction)
HuangQi Jian Zhong Tang (Astragalus Decoction for
Fortifying the Middle Burner)
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Decoction for Supplementing
the Middle Burner and Augmenting Qi)
Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang (Chinese Angelica Root De-
coction for Supplementing the Blood)
Materia medica and formulae for promoting humoral im-
munity
Materia medica
nenting Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng)
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
Ling Zhi (Ganoderma)
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii)
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici)
Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati)
Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi)
Tian Men Dong (Radix Asparagi Cochinchinensis)
Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii)
Sang Shen (Fructus Mori Albae)
Lu Rongl (Cornu Cervi Parvum)
Yin Yang Huo (Herba Epimedii)
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae)
Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae)
Suo Yang (Herba Cynomorii Songarici)
Xian Mao (Rhizoma Curculiginis Orchioidis)
Formulae
Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction)
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Decoction for Supplementing
the Middle Burner and Augmenting Qi)
Sheng Mai San (Pulse-Generating Powder)
Yu Ping Feng San Qade Screen Powder)
Liu Wei Di Huang Tang (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia
Decoction)
Wu Ji Bai Feng Wan (Black Chicken and White
Phoenix Pill)
Modern pharmacology and immunopharmacology
has laid the foundation for further research into
TCM theories . The theory of supporting Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi) and cultivating the Root and the treat-
ment principles associated with it are closely related
to immunotherapy Deficiency patterns result from
insufficiency of Vital Qi (Zheng Qi), which could
originate from autoimmune diseases due to excessive
immune reactions, or from a poor immunological
response to antigens and a reduced ability to combat
infection as a result of immunodeficiency .
INVIGORATING THE BLOOD AND
TRANSFORMING BLOOD STASIS
TCM holds that tumors are masses, accumulations
or stasis due to Cold, Heat, Dampness, Qi stagna-
tion, and Phlegm . Laboratory trials have shown that

66 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
materia medica for invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis have the functions of
inhibiting cancer, improving microcirculation, in-
creasing the volume of blood flow to improve the
sensitivity of tumors to radiation, and reducing
vascular permeability and platelet agglutination . 10
Materia medica for invigorating the Blood pro-
mote the circulation of the Blood by freeing the
Blood vessels and dispelling stasis and stagnation of
Blood . These materia medica can be divided into
different categories depending on their strength :
• Materia medica for harmonizing the Blood have
the functions of nourishing the Blood and harmo-
nizing the Blood vessels and include :
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis)
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae)
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
Chi Shao (Radix Paeomae Rubra)
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi)
• Materia medica for moving the Blood and free-
ing Blood stasis include :
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra)
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii)
Yi Mu Cao (Herba Leonuri Heterophylli)
Su Mu (Lignum Sappan)
Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo)
Ru Xiang (Gummi Olibanum)
Mo Yao (Myrrha)
Wang Bu Liu Xing (Semen Vaccariae Segetalis)
Pu Huang (Pollen Typhae)
Jiang Huang (Rhizoma Curcumae Longae)
Ze Lan (Herba Lycopi Lucidi)
Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae)
Gui Jian Yu (Lignum Suberalatum Euonymi)
Qi Caot (Vermiculus Holotrichiae)
LingXiao Hua (Floc Campsitis)
• Materia medica for dissipating Blood stasis have
the functions of breaking up Blood stasis and dis-
persing accumulations and include :
Shui Zhit (Hirudo seu Whitmania)
Meng Chongt (Tabanus)
San Leng (Rhizoma Sparganii Stoloniferi)
Xue Jie (Resina Draconis)
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae)
Tu Bie Chongt (Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga)
Materia medica for invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis are used extensively in
the clinic in combination with other materia medica
for regulating or supplementing Qi, clearing Heat,
nourishing Yin, warming Yang, or softening hard-
ness depending on the patterns identified . For fur-
ther discussion, see the clinical observation reports
below and other reports in the chemotherapy and
radiotherapy sections of this chapter.
Clinical observation reports
STUDY ON DECOCTIONS FOR SUP-
PORTING VITAL QI (ZHENG QI)
AND INVIGORATING THE BLOOD
Xia et al. conducted a comparative study on the
effect of decoctions for invigorating the Blood and
decoctions for supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and
invigorating the Blood when combined with radio-
therapy for nasopharyngeal cancer."
Groups: 98 patients recently hospitalized for naso-
pharyngeal cancer were randomly divided into three
groups according to the date of admission . All three
groups were given routine radiotherapy during the
period of treatment. In addition, group 11 (33 pa-
tients) was given supplementary treatment with a
herbal decoction for invigorating the Blood, and
group III (34 patients) was given supplementary
treatment with a herbal decoction for supporting
Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and invigorating the Blood .
The 31 patients in group I were treated with radio-
therapy only. The effects of the combined therapy
were evaluated in all patients during a follow-up
period of 5 years.
Prescription for group II
HUO XUE TANG
Decoction for Invigorating the Blood
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae) 6g
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) 6g
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 15g

SURGERY,
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 15g
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 10g
,a)
Prescription for group III
lood and FU ZHENG HUO XUE TANG
nsively in Decoction for Supporting Vital Qi and Invigorating
is medica the Blood
ing Heat,
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
ing hard-
. For fer- HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
n reports Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
:rapy and Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis) 20g
She Gan (Rhizoma Belamcandae Chinensis) 12g
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita) 12g
5 Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 12g
Tao Ken (Semen Persicae) 6g
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) 6g
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 15g
I
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 15g
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 15g
7 on the
'_ood and Results
Qi) and • There was no significant difference in the
short-term remission rates between the groups.
:h radio-
• The side-effects of radiotherapy such as muco-
or naso- sal hyperemia, local erosion of the mucosa,
ito three mouth ulcers, edema, and obvious pain when
'ill three eating were significantly more severe in group I
ring the than in groups II and III (P<0 .01) .
(33 pa- The five-year survival rates were 35 .5%, 51 .5%
with a and 61 .8% respectively for groups I, II and III,
od, and with the rate being significantly lower in group I
.nentary (P<0.01) .
)porting • The distant metastasis rates were 19 .35%,
Blood . 27 .27% and 11 .76% respectively for the three
i radio- groups, with the rate in group II being signifi-
therapy cantly higher (P<0.05) .
llow-up • In group II, there was a significant decrease in
the number of CD3 and CD4 T cell
sub-populations and in the number of NK cells
(P<0 .05) .
Conclusion: Materia medica for supporting Vital
Qi (Zheng Qi) and invigorating the Blood can im-
prove the long-term survival rate of patients with
nasopharyngeal cancer when combined with radio-
therapy. However, it should be kept in mind that
combining materia medica for invigorating the
CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIOTHERAPY 67
Blood with radiotherapy may increase the distant
metastasis risk for these patients . The authors suggest
that materia medica for supporting Vital Qi should
be added to the prescription to counter this risk .
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT REACTIONS
CAUSED BY RADIOTHERAPY AND
CHEMOTHERAPY
Wang et al. reported on the effects of materia
medica for augmenting Qi and invigorating the
Blood in relation to gastrointestinal tract reactions
(nausea, diarrhea, anorexia) caused by radiotherapy
and chemotherapy given to patients with intermedi-
ate stage and late-stage pancreatic cancer that was
not suitable for surgery. 12
Groups: The authors observed 58 patients from
March 1994 to November 1997 during radiotherapy
and chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer. They di-
vided them randomly into two groups according to
date of admission to their hospital :
• Group A consisted of 28 patients, 21 male and
7 female, aged from 32 to 65 (mean age 49 .7±4 .1) ;
according to WHO classifications, 19 patients were
at stage II and 9 at stage III . These patients were
treated with a combination of radiotherapy and
chemotherapy by arterial perfusion .
• Group B consisted of 30 patients, 22 male and
8 female, aged from 31 to 66 (mean age 48.2±5 .7) ;
19 patients were classified as stage II and 11 as
stage III . In addition to the radiotherapy and che-
motherapy regimes given to the patients in group A,
group B was also given materia medica for aug-
menting Qi and invigorating the Blood .
The main clinical manifestations of both groups
included abdominal pain and obstructive jaundice .
CT and MRI indicated that the pancreatic cancer
had invaded adjacent large vessels and the duode-
num .
Treatment
• Radiotherapy.• linear accelerator ; 4-6 MV X-ray,
external radiotherapy with the irradiated area ex-
tending 1-2cm beyond the pancreatic cancer focus,
daily fraction of 1 .8-2 .0 Gy, five sessions per week,
making a total dosage of 50-60 Gy over 6-7 weeks .
Radiotherapy was halted during chemotherapy and
restarted thereafter.

68 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
• Chemotherapy by arterial perfusion : after one
week of radiotherapy (dosage of 10 Gy), chemo-
therapy was started with 1000mg of 5-fluorouracil,
10mg of mitomycin and 80mg of cisplatin per week .
There was an interval of 4-5 weeks between chemo-
therapy courses. Chemotherapy was given on 45
occasions to the 28 patients in Group A (1 .61 times
per patient) and on 52 occasions to the 30 patients in
group B (1 .73 times per patient) .
TCM prescription
SI JUN ZI TANG JIA JIAN
Four Gentlemen Decoction, with modifications
Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyl-
lae) 30g
Fu Zing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 1 Og
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 30g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 30g
San Leng (Rhizoma Sparganii Stoloniferi) 10g
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g
Qian Cao Gen (Radix Rubiae Cordifoliae) 30g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 1 Og
Modifications
1 . For pronounced abdominal pain, Bai Jz* (Rhi-
zoma Bletillae Striatae) 10g was infused in the
decoction .
2. For jaundice due to severe Damp-Heat, Yin
Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae) 20g was
added .
3. For abdominal distension and poor appetite due
to Spleen Deficiency and Damp obstruction, Jiao
Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried) 15g, Jiao
Shen Ou (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) 15g
and Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Ger-
minatus, scorch-fried) 15g were added .
One bag was used to prepare a decoction with 500m1
of water, which was boiled down to 100ml of a
concentrated liquid, with 50m1 taken twice a day ,. The
decoction was started one week before chemother-
apy and continued until two weeks after completion
of the chemotherapy course . For severe gastrointes-
tinal reaction during interventional radiological
treatment, nasogastric feeding was undertaken .
Results (X2 test used for statistical purposes)
• One-year and two-year survival rates, at 80 .0
percent and 46 .6 percent, were significantl` -
higher in group B than in group A, where the
corresponding figures were 50 .0 percent and
21 .4 percent (X 2 = 5 .66 and 4.19 respectively,
P<0.05) .
• Abdominal pain disappeared completely in 16
out of 28 patients (57 .1 percent) in group A and
25 out of 30 patients (83 .3 percent) in group B .
The difference between the two groups was
significant (x2 = 4 .37, P<0 .05) .
• Jaundice showed a significant improvement in
comparison with the situation before treatment
in 14 patients out of 28 (50 .0 percent) in group
A and 23 patients out of 30 (76 .7 percent) in
group B ( 2 = 4.55 and P<0 .05) .
• Gastrointestinal reactions including nausea, di-
arrhea, anorexia and ulceration were staged
based on the WHO classification of gastroin-
testinal reactions . Eleven patients in group A
were above grade II compared with four in
group B ( 2 = 4.93 and P<0 .05) .
Discussion
Radiotherapy plus chemotherapy via arterial perfu-
sion can enhance the effectiveness of pancreatic
cancer treatment. However, the organs near the
pancreas such as the small intestine, liver and kid-
neys have a relatively low tolerance to radiotherapy ;
in addition, chemotherapy by perfusion will cause
local edema and aggravate the side-effects in the
gastrointestinal tract, thus reducing the effect of the
treatment and affecting the quality of life .
Materia medica for invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis such as Dan Shen (Radix
Salviae Miltiorrhizae), Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Ru-
bra), Qian Cao Gen (Radix Rubiae Cordifoliae), Ji
Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) and San Leng (Rhizoma
Sparganii Stoloniferi) limit the extent to which
edema caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy
damages the tissue surrounding the gastrointestinal
tract and pancreas, reduce obstruction of the bile
duct caused by compression due to the tumor and
surrounding tissue, and benefit the secretion of bile .
These herbs can also alleviate pain .


SURGERY, CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIOTHERAPY 69

°s) Qian Cao Gen dix Rubiae Cordifoliae) and Bai cates that this type of treatment generally works
s, at 80.0 Ji * (Rhizoma Bletillae Striatae) reduce damage to best when the patient begins to drink the decoction
;nificantly the gastrointestinal tract caused by radiotherapy and about one week prior to the start of radiotherapy or
where the chemotherapy and enhance repair of the damage . chemotherapy and continues until one week after
rent and Materia medica for fortifying the Spleen and the course of therapy has been completed . Some
spectively, augmenting Qi such as Huang Qi (Radix Astragali other doctors prefer to start the TCM treatment at
seu Hedysari), Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae the same time as the chemotherapy or radiotherapy
ely in 16 Heterophyllae), Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos), course, depending on the patient's general constitu-
,up A and Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae), Chi tion (for an example of this approach, see the clini-
group B . Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra), Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus cal observation report on Fu Zheng Zeng Xiao Fang
)ups was Crataegi, scorch-fried), Jiao Shen Qu (Massa Fer- (Synergistic Formula for Supporting Vital Qi) later
mentata, scorch-fried) and Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus in this chapter) . Whichever approach is adopted,
ement in Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus, scorch-fried) further once side-effects have begun to occur, the treatment
treatment improve the gastrointestinal function and increase is less effective.
food intake . As the constitution becomes stronger, Prevention is the key to obtaining the best thera-
in group
the adverse side-effects of the radiotherapy and peutic results in treating the side-effects of radio-
:rcent) in
chemotherapy courses will be reduced . therapy or chemotherapy. Based on the experiences
gained in our hospital, we have devised two basic
tusea, di-
formulae :
e staged Chinese medicine in treatment
gastroin- strategies for radiotherapy and FANG ZHI HUA LIAO DU FU FAN YING
group A DE CHANG YONG JI BEN FANG
four in
chemotherapy Commonly Used Basic Formula for Preventing
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy not only kill tumor Toxic Reactions and Side-Effects from Chemo-
cells, some normal tissues may also be damaged . therapy
.al perfu- Patients often suffer side-effects such as bone mar- HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
ancreatic row suppression, gastrointestinal reactions and gen- Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 10g
eral debility when undergoing one of these courses .
near the Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 1 Og
Over the last 30 years, many studies have been
and kid- • Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
undertaken into the contribution Chinese medicine
)therapy; can make toward mitigating the toxic side-effects of • Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Prae-
rill cause parata) 10g
radiotherapy and chemotherap .3' 7 The integration
:s in the of Chinese medicine in the treatment strategy has Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 1 Og
ct of the helped a large number of patients to complete their Ji Nei Jin* (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae
therapy and bolstered the long-term therapeutic Galli) 10g
ood and effects. Jiao ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) 15g
n (Radix Nii Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
niae Ru- GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
oliae), Ji PREVENTIVE MEASURES
• Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 30g
Zhizoma
which HERBAL_ MEDICINE FANG ZHI FANG LIAO DU FU FAN YING
therapy DE CHANG YONG JI BEN FANG
The side-effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy Commonly Used Basic Formula for Preventing
ntestinal can be reduced and the likelihood of completing
the bile Toxic Reactions and Side-Effects from Radiother-
the course increased by preventive treatment with
nor and apy
Chinese materia medica in the form of internal
i of bile. administration of decoctions . Our experience at the HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
Sino Japanese Friendship Hospital in Beijing indi- Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
70 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
fin Yin Hua-(Flos Lonicerae) I5g'
HuangLian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 10g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 1 Og
Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) 1 Og
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) Og
Qing Ban Xia-(Rhizoma Pinelliae-Ternatae Depu-
rata) 1Og
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)'1 Og
Fu L ng (Scierotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae-in Taeniis) 1 Og
Ji Nei Jint (Endothelium Comeum Gigeriae Gall) 1 Og
Nu Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi)' 15g
For both formulae, one bag per day is used to pre-
pare a' decoction, drunk three times a day .
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION
Acupuncture and moxibustion essentially have a
regulating function . In correcting a state of abnor-
mal functionality, they do not interfere with normal
physiological activities ; in other words, they have a
benign function in restoring activities to their nor-
mal physiological state . Their use is aimed at reduc-
ing suffering and prolonging the survival period .
Acupuncture and moxibustion can assist in
relieving the symptoms caused by tumors and
reducing the symptoms arising from Deficiency and
depletion of Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) . They are very
effective intreating symptoms such as burning pain,
aching pain, pain accompanied by numbness, ab-
dominal. distension, edema, fatigue and cold limbs,
which Western medicine is often not successful in
treating . For example, acupuncture can allow the
patient to take - food naturally where stenosis (in
cancer of the esophagus) makes this difficult ; it can
also reduce dyspnea and oppression in the chest by
regulating the functions of the body.
Biomedical studies have demonstrated that acu-
puncture and moxibustion can stimulate the body's
regulatory system or assist its intrinsic potential to
restore abnormal functionality to normal. The
stimulus induced by acupuncture may act on the
central nervous system to cause the transmitter sys-
tem to release multiple transmitters or hormones. It
may also regulate and control the endocrine and
immune system to release hormones and immuno-
competent factors . These factors act on the effector
cells, tissues and organs to rebuild homeostasis .13,14
Although surgery, radiotherapy and chemother-
apy remain the main methods of treating malignant
tumors, they lack specificity; in killing the cancer
cells, the normal cells are destroyed at the same time,
especially the stem and hematopoietic cells of the
bone marrow, which actively proliferate and pro-
duce white blood cells in the peripheral circulation .
As a consequence, a series of Deficiency and deple-
tion symptoms will occur, possibly forcing the sus-
pension of radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
Acupuncture and moxibustion can promote he-
matopoiesis, activate the proliferation of hemato-
poietic cells, and increase the number of leukocytes,
which in turn raises tolerance of radiotherapy and
chemotherapy. Acupuncture and moxibustion are
now frequently used in cancer clinics in China as an
effective accessory treatment during radiotherapy
and chemotherapy.
Bei et al . have demonstrated that acupuncture
and moxibustion started one week prior to radio-
therapy and chemotherapy and continued during
the course of treatment can prevent leukopenia and
maintain peripheral blood values ." Clinical trials in-
dicate that acupuncture treatment given once a day
at ST-36 Zusanli, LI-11 Quchi and 11-4 Hegu dur-
ing a course of chemotherapy can significantly in-
crease the WBC, hemoglobin and platelet counts
(P<0 .01, P<0.05 and P<0 .01 respectively) in com-
parison with batyl alcohol, leucogen or inosine . 76
Chemotherapy
GENERAL TREATMENT PRINCIPLES
Chinese medicine considers that chemotherapeutic
agents cause damage to Qi and Blood,
Spleen-Stomach disharmony, and Deficiency of the
Liver and Kidneys, resulting in various adverse
side-effects . In this situation, treatment should
therefore be based on the principle of supporting
Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and cultivating the Root by
supplementing Qi and nourishing the Blood, forti-
fying the Spleen and harmonizing the Stomach, and
enriching and supplementing the Liver and Kidneys .

SURGERY, CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIOTHERAPY 71
effector However, the stage of the disease and the current
:aS1S .13, 14 state of the patient must be taken into account
emother- when applying this treatment principle . For instance,
nalignant nausea, vomiting and poor appetite generally occur
to cancer at the start of a chemotherapy course or in the first
ame time, week, while bone marrow suppression and a de-
is of the crease in the WBC and platelet count will appear
and pro- during the second or third weeks .
xulation. The basic treatment principle of supporting Vital
id deple- Qi (Zheng Qi) and cultivating the Root is imple-
the sus- mented by supplementing Qi and fortifying the
Spleen, and enriching and supplementing the Liver
note he- and Kidneys . Strengthening the constitution can
hemato- prevent or minimize the occurrence of side-effects :
akocytes, • To prevent side-effects in the digestive tract,
rapy and modify Fang Zbi Hua Liao Du Fu Fan Ying De Chang
;tion are Yong Ji Ben Fang (Commonly Used Basic Formula for
ina as an Preventing Toxic Reactions and Side-Effects from
therapy Chemotherapy) by removing Huang Qi (Radix As-
tragali seu Hedysari) and adding
3uncture
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis)
o radio- Zbu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis)
I during
Pi Pa Ye (Folium Eriobotryae Japonicae)
enia and Su Geng (Caulis Perillae Frutescentis)
trials in-
ce a day • For severe vomiting while undergoing chemo-
-gu dur- therapy, we recommend prescribing Xuan Fu Dai
antly in- Zhe Tang (Inula and Hematite Decoction) to be
counts taken frequently in small quantities.
in com- • During and after chemotherapy, it is advisable to
ne . 16 augment Qi, nourish the Blood, supplement the
Kidneys and replenish the Essence. Fang Zhi Hua
I iao Du Fu Fan Ying De Chang Yong Ji Ben Fang
(Commonly Used Basic Formula for Preventing
Toxic Reactions and Side-Effects from Chemother-
ES apy) should be modified by adding the following
materia medica to increase hematopoiesis :
rapeutic
Blood, He Shou Wu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori)
of the Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
adverse quita)
should Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Rou Cong Rong (Herba Cistanches Deserticolae)
porting
:oot by Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae)
i, forti- L.u Jiao Jiaol (Gelatinum Cornu Cervi)
ch, and E Jiaol (Gelatinum Corii Asini)
:idneys . Gui Ban Jiao* (Gelatinum Plastri Testudinis)
Clinical observation reports :
herbal medicine
FU ZHENG PAI DU KANG AI FANG
Formula for Supporting Vital Qi, Expelling Toxins
and Inhibiting Cancer
Li et al. reported on the effects of Fu Zheng Pai Du
Kang Ai Fang (Formula for Supporting Vital Qi,
Expelling Toxins and Inhibiting Cancer) in reducing
the side-effects of chemotherapy in the treatment
of non-small-cell lung cancer. 17
Groups: The study covered 114 patients diagnosed
with late-stage non-small-cell lung cancer by histol-
ogy or cytology. Before treatment, the general con-
dition of all patients was greater than 50 on the
Karnofsky scale (a performance scale for rating a
person's usual activities, used to evaluate progress
after a therapeutic procedure), and examination of
peripheral blood values, renal function and electro-
cardiogram showed no contraindication to chemo-
therapy.
The patients were divided randomly into two
groups according to the date of admission to the
authors' hospital (odd or even days) :
• 63 patients, 51 men and 12 women, aged from
29 to 78 (mean age : 54.5), were placed in the TCM
plus chemotherapy treatment group ; 42 patients had
been diagnosed with squamous carcinoma, 18 with
adenocarcinoma, and 3 with adenosquamous carci-
noma. According to UICC staging criteria, there
were 11 cases at stage Illa, 30 cases at stage IIIb
and 22 cases at stage IV ,
• 51 patients, 39 men and 12 women, aged from
32 to 81 (mean age: 55 .3), were allocated to the
chemotherapy-only group ; 31 patients had been
diagnosed with squamous carcinoma and 20 with
adenocarcinoma . According to UICC staging crite-
ria, there were 10 cases at stage IIIa, 26 cases at
stage IIIb and 15 cases at stage IV
Method
Both groups were given the same chemotherapy
regimes :
• CAP regime: Intravenous injection of
700mg/m2 of CTX (cyclophosphamide) and
40mg/m2 of ADR (Adriamycin®) on the first day


72 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER

of each week, intravenous injection of 40m9/M 2 of
DDP (cisplatin) on the first to third days .
• CE regime : Intravenous injection of 400mg/m-
of CBP (carboplatin) on the first day of each week
plus intravenous infusion of 100mg of VP16 (eto-
poside) from the first to the fifth days .
One cycle consisted of 3-4 weeks . The CAP re-
gime was employed for the first cycle and the CE
regime for the second cycle . Results were obtained
after two cycles.
TCM treatment
The TCM treatment group was given Fu Zheng Paz
Du Kong Ai Fang (Formula for Supporting Vital Qi,
Expelling Toxins and Inhibiting Cancer) to support
chemotherapy. This prescription was formulated by
the authors' department.
Ingredients
Huang Qi (Radix Astragals seu Hedysari) 15g
Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati) 109
Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) 1 Og
Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) 90-120g
Yu Xing Cao (Herba Houttuyniae Cordatae) 30g
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 15g
Zhu Ling (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati) 20g
Ban Bian Lian (Herba Lobeliae Chinensis cum
Radice) 10g
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 15g
Tiara Nan Xiig (Rhizoma Arisaematis) 30g
I ) z Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 20g
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae) 15g .
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 15g
Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) 10g
Modifcations
1 . For expectoration of blood, Bai Ji* (Rhizoma
Bletillae Striatae) and Ou Jie (Modus Nelumbinis
Nuciferae Rhizomatis) were added .
.
2 For chest pain, Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis
Yanhusuo) and Yn Jin (Radix Curcumae) were
added.
One bag was used to prepare a decoction, taken
twice a day from one week before chemotherapy
until two weeks after the end of the course .
Results
Results (see Table 3-5) indicate that the TCM plus
chemotherapy treatment group performed sig-
nificantly better than the chemotherapy-only
group in terms of weight loss, \hBC, hemoglobin,
and nausea and vomiting ; the difference between
the two groups was much less pronounced in
terms of platelets (the t test was used for statisti-
cal purposes) .

Table 3-5 Comparison of side-fects between the hvo groups

Group Toxicity Weight Nausea Decrease Decrease Decrease Increase in Increase in

grade § loss and in Hb in WBC in platelets transami- blood urea
vomiting nase nitrogen

TCM plus 0 45 22 15 34 25 ) )
chemotherapy 1 15 20 18 20 35 ) )
(63 patients) 2 2 15 23 7 3 ) 1 ) 3
3 1 4 6 2 0 ) )
4 0 2 1 0 0 ) )
Chemotherapy 0 3 4 2 7 16 ) )
only 1 17 2 3 10 27 ) )
(51 patients) 2 20 13 24 22 8 ) ) 7
3 9 17 19 12 0 ) )
__ 4 2 15 3 0 0
P <0.01 <0 .01 <0.01 <0 .01 <0 .05
The toxicity grade is based on the UICC chemotherapy toxicity classification .

SURGERY, CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIOTHERAPY 73
isae) 15g Discussion and conclusion
Research is continuing on chemotherapy for
)g non-small-cell lung cancer with the introduction of
new drugs. Even cisplatin and etoposide, which
were recognized as the best chemotherapy regime at
the time of the report, have a clinical response rate
of 10-40 percent only and rarely secure complete
remission . Side-effects are also severe .
Rhizoma The authors believe that the treatment strategy
:lumbinis should focus on two aspects - reducing Toxicity
and increasing the effectiveness of chemotherapy.
Corydalis Reducing Toxicity should be achieved through si-
tae) were multaneous use of materia medica for supporting
Vital Qi (Zheng Qi), eliminating putridity and
expelling Toxicity, thus treating the Root and Mani-
)n, taken
otherapy festations at the same time. Increasing the effec-
tiveness of chemotherapy should be achieved
through the simultaneous use of materia medica for
dispersing tumors and supporting Vital Qi .
CM plus
led sig-
Prescription explanation
apy-only
• Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari), Huang
oglobin,
Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati) and Ren Shen (Radix
between
Ginseng) supplement Qi and support Vital Qi
nced in
(Zheng Qi) .
statisti- • Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), Zhu Ling
(Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati), Yu Xing Cao
(Herba Houttuyniae Cordatae) and Bai Hua She
She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) expel and
relieve Toxicity.
• Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae), Ban
-ease in
A urea Bian Lian (Herba Lobeliae Chinensis cum
>gen Radice), Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis
N) Diffusae), Tian Nan Xing (Rhizoma Arisaematis),
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi), Tao
Ren (Semen Persicae), Gua Lou (Fructus Tricho-
3 santhis) and Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae
Vulgaris) inhibit cancer and disperse rumors .
The authors concluded that this formula alleviates
the side-effects of chemotherapy while assisting
chemotherapy to fight against the cancer .
7 Hai Zao (Herba Sargassi) 9g
TREATMENT OF LATE-STAGE LUNG
CANCER ACCORDING TO PATTERN
IDENTIFICATION
Chen et al. treated 78 cases of late-stage lung
cancer (not including patients with small-cell undif-
ferentiated carcinoma of the lung) . 18
Groups: The authors divided patients into two
groups :
• 41 patients in group A, treated with TCM plus
chemotherapy
• 37 patients in group B, treated with chemo-
therapy only.
Eleven patients (six in group A and five in group
B) were given chemotherapy for recurrence of the
cancer after previous surgery and the remainder were
undertaking chemotherapy for the first time because
surgery was not appropriate for their condition .
Method
All patients in both groups were treated with the
CAP regime of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin
(Adriamycin®), and cisplatin .
Group A was also divided into sub-groups on the
basis of TCM pattern identification and was treated
with supplementary TCM prescriptions beginning
seven days before chemotherapy and ending seven
days after completion of two courses of 21 days
each . Treatment was assessed one week after the
end of the second session of chemotherapy .
The treatment principle varied according to pat-
tern identification:
• Spleen Deficiency and Phlegm-Damp (7 cases)
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and eliminate Dampness, trans-
form Phlegm and dissipate lumps .
Prescription
LIU JUN ZI TANG HE HAI ZAO YU HU
WAN JIA JIAN
Six Gentlemen Decoction Combined With Sargas-
sum Jade Flask Pill, with modifications
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 24g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
• Zing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
• Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata) 9g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 15g
Mu Lid (Concha Ostreae) 24g, decocted for 20-30
minutes before adding the other ingredients

74 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) 15g
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis
Diffusae) 18g
• Internal Heat due to Yin Deficiency (9 cases)
Treatment principle
Nourish Yin and clear Heat, soften hardness and
dissipate lumps .
Prescription
BAI HE GU JIN TANG JIA JIAN
Lily Bulb Decoction for Consolidating Metal, with
modifications
Bai He (Bulbus T .ilii) 15g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 24g
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis) 30g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) 24g
Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis) 9g
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 10g
Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi) 15g
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
• Qi and Yin Deficiency (11 cases)
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and nourish Yin, clear Heat and relieve
Toxicinv
Prescription
SI JUN ZI TANG HE SHA SHEN MAI
DONG TANG JIA JIAN
Four Gentlemen Decoction Combined With Ade-
nophora/Glehnia and Ophiopogon Decoction,
with modifications
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 30g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu Adenophorae) 24g
Alai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
Yu Zhu (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati) 9g
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 30g
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae) 18g
Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) 15g
• Qi stagnation and Blood stasis (5 cases)
Treatment principle
Move Qi and transform Blood stasis, soften hard-
ness and dissipate lumps.
Prescription
XUE FU ZHU YU TANG JIA JIAN
Decoction for Expelling Stasis from the House of
Blood, with modifications
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 9g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 24g
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae) 1 Og
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 15g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 15g
Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) I Og
Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae) 9g
Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Meliae Toosendan) 9g
Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis) 9g
Bie Jia* (Carapax Amydae Sinensis) 15g
• Exuberant Heat Toxins (4 cases)
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and drain Fire, relieve Toxicity and dis-
perse swelling.
Prescription
BAI HU CHENG QI TANG JIA JIAN
White Tiger Decoction for Sustaining Qi, with
modifications
Shi Gaot (Gypsum Fibrosum) 30g
Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Aspho-
deloidis) 15g
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 9g
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 3g
Yu Xing Cao (Herba Houttuyniae Cordatae) 30g
Pu Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice) 15g
Juan Bai (Herba Selaginellae) 15g
Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) 15g
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 15g
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 10g
• Qi and Blood Deficiency (5 cases)
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and nourish the Blood .
Prescription
SI WU TANG JIA JIAN
Four Agents Decoction, with modifications


SURGERY, CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIOTHERAPY 75

HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g performance scale for rating a person's usual activities,
ften hard- Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 15g used to evaluate progress after a therapeutic procedure .
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g Conclusion
Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) 15g These results suggest that supplementary treatment
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae during chemotherapy with Chinese materia medica
House of
Conquita) 18g for fortifying the Spleen, nourishing Yin and Blood,
Zi He Chef (Placenta Hominis) 9g clearing Heat, eliminating Dampness, transforming
Phlegm and transforming Blood stasis can support
osae) 24g Results Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and expel pathogenic factors to
improve symptoms and strengthen the immune sys-
Group A Group B tem in late-stage lung cancer .
(41 patients) (37 patients)
Immediate effect (accord-
ing to WHO criteria)a AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH WHEN
Complete relief 0 0 THE EXPECTED SURVIVAL PERIOD IS
9g SHORT
Partial relief 17 13
No change 9 7
Huang et al. treated 55 cases of late-stage colon
Worsening of condition 15 17
cancer, 38 with chemotherapy and Chinese materia
Improvement in symp-
medica and 17 with Chinese materia medica only
toms after two chemo-
therapy sessions : during the period 1990-1998 . 19
7 and dis- Pronounced improve- 10 7 They employed the treatment principle of fortify-
ment: coughing, oppres- ing the Spleen, transforming Blood stasis and reliev-
sion and pain in the chest, ing Toxicity. The basic formula was composed of
wheezing, fever, night
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
sweating and lack of
Qi, with strength disappeared or Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) I Og
considerably alleviated • Zing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 12g
Some effect: some alle- 18 8 Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 15g
viation of the above • Huang (Pollen Typhae) 12g
o- Wu Ling Zhl (Excrementum Trogopteri) 12g
symptoms
No effect: no change or 13 22 Zhi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii) IOg
worsening of symptoms Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) 12g
Decrease in WBCb (WHO Bai Jiang Cao (Herba Patriniae cum Radice) 15g
30g criteria) : • Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice) 15g
15g Degree I 14 Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 15g
Degree II 8 12 Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 15g
5g Degree III 3 7 Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis) 15g
Nausea and vomitingb
Og Degree I 11 19
Degree II 9 11 Modifications
Degree III 3 5 1 . For Blood Deficiency, Dang Gui (Radix Angeli-
Quality of life (according cae Sinensis) 10g, Bai Sbao (Radix Paeoniae
to Kamofsky scale) :b,c Lactiflorae) 10g and Ji Xue Teng (Caulis
Stable or better 23 11 Spatholobi) 15g were added .
Worse 18 26 2 . For Yin Deficiency, Han Lian Cao (Herba Eclip-
tae Prostratae) 15g, Sheng Di Huang (Radix Reh-
Notes : a) P>0.05; b) P<0 .05 ; c) the Kamofsky scale is a manniae Glutinosae) 12g, Bei Sha Shen (Radix
 Glehniae Littoralis) 12g, and Mai Men Dong Discussion
(Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 1Og were added . All the patients in the observation' had already un-
3. For Kidney Deficiency, GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) dergone surgery and had reached the - very-late stage
12g and ; Xu Duan (Radn. Dipsaci) 10g were of colon cancer . In the authors' experience, sensi-
added . tivity to chemotherapy is low at this stage . Although
4. For Qi stagnation, Lai Fu Zi (Semen Raphani chemotherapy in combination with TCM can be
Sativi) 15g, Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Offici- applied as palliative treatment for some colon can-
nalis) lOg and Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae cer patients at the late stage, treatment with TCM
Lappae) 1 Og were added . alone according to the principle stated above can
For ascending counterflow of Stomach Qi, 'Fa sometimes be as effective as treatment' with a com-
Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata) bination of TCM and chemotherapy andalso has
12g and Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) no side-effects. In the authors' opinion therefore,
1 Og were added. this may be one of the fairly rare instances when
6. For severe Blood stasis, Tao Ren (Semen Persicae) consideration might be given to using TCM alone,
Og and Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) 8g as the g„ality of life is improved by avoiding the
were added . side-effects of chemotherapy when the patient's
For bleeding, Qian Cao Gen (Radix Rubiae expected survival period is relatively short .
Cordifoliae) 10g, Bai Jz'* (Rhizoma Bletillae Stri-
atae) 12g and Xian He Cao erba Agrimoniae
Pilosae) 15g were added .
One bag per day was used to prepare a-decoction,
drunk twice a day. Patients in the chemotherapy HERBAL. MEDICINE
plus TCM group drank the decoction for 88 days
on average, those in the TCM-only group for 92 Zhang et al. treated 182 cancer patients using
days on average . chemotherapy,? 98 of them were also given a de-
coction composed of
Ben Shen (Radix Ginseng) 10g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)'15g
Immediate effect Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 12g
(according to Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
WHO criteria)
GouQ Zi (Fructus Lycii) 12g
Complete relief'
NAF Then Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi)15g
Partial relief
No change Tu Si Zi,(Semen Cuscutae) 12g
Worsening of Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 12g
condition Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Survival period 1-14 months 1-50 months Conquita) 15g
Mean survival 6.2 months 6.6 months Shan Tao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 15g
period Chen Pi,(Pericarpium.Citri Reticulatae) 9g'
Six-month 60.5% Mu Xiant (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae)-6g
survival rate Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 20g
Twelve-month 20.2% Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) l Og
survival rate Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) I Og
Note: Survival period measured from commencement of E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) I Og
treatment until death . Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 30g

SURGERY, CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIOTHERAPY 77
Modifications
[ready un- 1 . For poor appetite, Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus
late stage Crataegi, scorch-fried) 15g, Jiao Shen Qu (Massa
ice, sensi- Fermentata, scorch-fried) 15g, and Jiao Mai Ya
Although (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
q can be scorch-fried) 10g were added ; Sha Ren (Fructus
:olon can- Amomi) 6g was also added 10 minutes before
vith TCM the end of the decoction process .
above can 2. For leukopenia, Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi)
th a com- 30g, Zi He Get (Placenta Hominis) 10g and
a also has Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
therefore, were added, with E Jiao (Gelatinum Corii Asini)
20g infused in the prepared decoction .
ices when
3. For hemorrhage of the digestive or respiratory
-M alone,
tract, separate infusions of Yun Nan Bai Yao
)iding the
(Yunnan White) 3g and San Qi (Radix Notogin-
patient's
seng) 3g were added.
4 . For pain in the limbs and bones, baked and
powdered Quan Xiet (Buthus Martensi) 3g and
Wlu Gongt (Scolopendra Subspinipes) 3g were
added to be taken separately after the powder
had been infused in warm water .
5 . For jaundice, Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae
Scopariae) 30g was added .
nts using
ven a de- 6. For nausea and vomiting, Jiang Ban Xia (Rhi-
zoma Pinelhae Ternatae cum Zingibere Praepa-
ratum) 10g and Ding Xiang (Flos Caryophylli)
10g were added.
19 One bag a day was decocted in 800m1 of water,
alae) 15g boiled down to 200m1 and divided into 100ml por-
tions taken morning and evening .
After 28 days, leukopenia and thrombocyto-
penia in patients in the chemotherapy plus TCM
treatment group were considerably reduced . Appe-
tite had improved, body weight had increased and
scores on the Karnofsky scale were higher.
ae Follow-up after five years showed a rate of recur-
rence and metastasis of 10 percent and mortality
15g of 8 percent in the chemotherapy plus TCM
treatment group, significantly lower than in the
chemotherapy-only group (35 percent and 20 per-
cent respectively, P<0 .05) . The results suggested
that materia medica for supporting Vital Qi (Zheng
ci) 109 Qi) and augmenting Qi act in synergy with chemo-
therapy and are effective in reducing adverse
isae) 30g side-effects of the treatment .
Clinical observation reports :
acupuncture and moxibustion
1. Du et al . found that when combined with
radiotherapy and chemotherapy, acupuncture
treatment given with the reinforcing method at
BL-20 Pishu, GV-14 Dazhui, ST-36 Zusanli, and
SP-6 Sanyinjiao was effective in preventing or
reducing leukopenia and thrombocytopenia
when tested three weeks after termination of
chemotherapy.16
The authors allocated 57 patients to two groups -
30 were placed in a first group where acupuncture
treatment began five days before the start of
chemotherapy, and 27 in a second group where
acupuncture treatment began on the first day of
chemotherapy. Treatment continued on a daily basis
in both groups until 15 days after the chemotherapy
course ended . Although acupuncture was effective
in both groups, the improvement in the first group
was more pronounced than in the second group,
suggesting that acupuncture treatment should
commence before rather than during chemotherapy
for best results .
2. Chen et al . compared three methods of treat-
ing leukopenia caused by chemotherapy:
• warm needling once a day for 21 days at
the main points of ST-36 Zusanli (bilateral)
and SP-6 Sanyinjiao (bilateral), and the
auxiliary points of PC-6 Neiguan (bilateral),
SP-9 Yinlingquan (bilateral), SP-10 Xuehai (bi-
lateral), GV-6 Qihai, and CV -4 Guanyuan, re-
taining the needles for 30 minutes ;
• moxibustion on ginger once a day at BL-17
Geshu, BL-20 Pishu, BL-21 Weishu and BL-23
Shenshu (all bilateral), and GV 14 Dazhui, three
cones per point until the local skin reddens and
moistens ;
• oral administration of batyl alcohol 100mg and
leucogen 20mg three times a day.
He then measured the effect on the white blood
cell count. WBC increased above 4 .0 x 109/L in
88.4 percent of patients in the warm needling group
(N = 121) and 90 .9 percent in the moxibustion on
78 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
ginger group (N = 117) . The difference between
these two groups and the batyl alcohol group
(38 .2%, N = 34) was significant (P<0 .01) . The
authors suggest that acupuncture and moxibustion
may be more effective than batyl alcohol and leu-
cogen in enhancing the hematopoietic function of
bone marrow20
3 . Xia et al. found that acupuncture during che-
motherapy at PC-6 Neiguan, LI-11 Quchi and
ST-36 Zusanli with lifting, thrusting and rotating
can decrease adverse side-effects in the digestive
tract by reducing the seriousness of symptoms such
as poor appetite, vomiting, nausea, abdominal dis-
tension, and diarrhea . Acupuncture started on the
same day as chemotherapy and continued until the
chemotherapy course was completed . Treatment
was given once every two days and the needles were
retained for 30 minutes.
The authors also found that acupuncture at
PC-6 Neiguan, GV 20 Baihui, ST-8 Touwei,
HT-7 Shenmen, ST-36 Zusanli, LR-3 Taichong,
and SP-6 Sanyinjiao with lifting, thrusting and
rotating can reduce adverse side-effects such as
dizziness, insomnia and fatigue . Acupuncture
started on the same day as chemotherapy and
continued until the chemotherapy course was com-
pleted . Treatment was given once every two days
and the needles were retained for 30 minutes 21
Radiotherapy
GENERAL TREATMENT PRINCIPLES
Radiotherapy often produces such side-effects as
dry mouth and throat, fever, nausea, vomiting, poor
appetite, fatigue and lower-than-normal peripheral
blood values. Chinese medicine considers that these
effects are primarily due to exuberant internal Heat
Toxins, damage to Bodv Fluids, Spleen-Stomach
disharmony, damage to Qi and Blood, and deple-
tion of the Liver and Kidneys. They should be
treated by clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity, gen-
erating Body Fluids and moistening Dryness, sup-
plementing Qi and Blood with materia medica of a
cool or cold nature, fortifying the Spleen and har-
monizing the Stomach, and enriching and
supplementing the Liver and Kidneys .
Symptoms will differ depending on the location
exposed to radiation :
• When the head and neck are exposed to radia-
tion (in treating nasopharyngeal or laryngeal can-
cers), a relatively severe sore throat and dry mouth
and tongue are likely. These symptoms are due to
Heat Toxins damaging Yin in the Upper Burner ; the
treatment principle recommended is to nourish Yin,
generate Body Fluids, clear Heat in the throat, and
relieve Toxicity. To treat such cases, Fang Zhi Fang
Liao Du Fu Fan Ying De Chang Yong Ji Ben Fang
(Commonly Used Basic Formula for Preventing
Toxic Reactions and Side-Effects from Radiother-
apy) is modified by adding Xuan Shen (Radix Scro-
phulariae Ningpoensis), Tian Hua Fen (Radix
Trichosanthis), Ban Lan Gen (Radix Isatidis seu
Baphicacanthi) and Shan Dou Gen (Radix Sophorae
Tonkinensis) .
• When the chest is exposed to radiation (in
treating cancer of the esophagus or lung and breast
cancer), Heat Toxins scorch and injure Lung Yin .
Impairment of the diffusing and downward-bearing
function of the Lungs will result in cough with
scant phlegm . Fang Zhi Fang Liao Du Fu Fan Ying De
Chang Yong Ji Ben Fang (Commonly Used Basic
Formula for Preventing Toxic Reactions and
Side-Effects from Radiotherapy) should be modi-
fied by adding materia medica for nourishing Yin,
clearing the Lungs and transforming Phlegm such
as Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu Adenophorae), Bai
He (Bulbus T ilii), Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis),
Lu Gen (Rhizoma Phragmitis Communis) and Xing
Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae) .
• Patterns of Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner
will occur when the pelvic cavity is exposed to ra-
diation in treating cancers of the rectum, bladder
and cervix . Fang Zhi Fang Liao Du Fu Fan Ying De
Chang Yong Ji Ben Fang (Commonly Used Basic
Formula for Preventing Toxic Reactions and
Side-Effects from Radiotherapy) should be modi-
fied by adding Tu Fu Ling (Rhizoma Smilacis
Glabrae), Di Yu (Radix Sanguisorbae Officinalis),
Qu Mai (Herba Dianthi), Tong Cao (Medulla


SURGERY, CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIOTHERAPY 79

:n and har- Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) and Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coi- cancer of the esophagus with lymphatic metastasis,
:hing and Lachryma-jobi) to clear Heat and benefit the which requires radical radiotherapy) .
movement of Dampness.
he location Results
• For patients with primary lung cancer, 22 out of
:d to radia- Clinical observation reports: the 32 in the TCM plus radiotherapy group
Tngeal can- were able to complete the radiotherapy course
herbal medicine (69 percent), compared with 25 out of the 82
dry mouth
are due to FU ZHENG ZENG XIAO FANG patients in the group who received radiotherapy
Burner; the Synergistic Formula for Supporting Vital Qi only (31 percent) ; the circumference of the
ourish Yin, tumor was reduced more in the TCM plus ra-
throat, and Zhang observed the effect of Fu Zheng Zeng Xiao diotherapy group than in the radiotherapy-only
g Zbi Fang i ang (Synergistic Formula for Supporting Vital Qi) group.
i Ben Fang as a supplement for radiotherapy (linear accelerator; For patients with cancer of the esophagus, 14
Preventing ( -15 MV X-ray ; electron ray 60 Co y, 200 cGY/ses- out of the 18 in the TCM plus radiotherapy
Radiother- n; 5 sessions per week for 4-6 weeks, making a group were able to complete the radiotherapy
adix Scro- total dosage of 4000-6000 cGY) 2 2 course (78 percent), compared with 6 out of 18
,en (Radix Treatment: The author found that if the treatment patients in the group receiving radiotherapy
3atidis seu principle of supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and only (33 percent) . The circumference of the
:Sophorae cultivating the Root could be combined with that of esophageal tumor was reduced more in the
invigorating the Blood and transforming Blood sta- TCM plus radiotherapy group than in the
Nation (in sis, it could increase sensitivity to irradiation, de- radiotherapy-only group .
and breast crease adverse side-effects and prolong the survival
Discussion
Lung Yin . period by enhancing the immune system .
The formation of tumors is closely associated with
rd-bearing Fu Zheng Zeng Xiao Fang (Synergistic Formula for
Blood stasis. Solid tumors are less sensitive to
Hugh with Supporting Vital Qi) is composed of the following
radiotherapy because they are often poorly oxygen-
an Ying De gredients: ated (hypoxic), the consequence of outgrowing the
sed Basic blood supply. In addition, the chemical substances
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
ions and secreted by tumor cells can result in an increase in
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 15g
be modi- sensitivity to exogenous and endogenous blood-
thing Yin, Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyl-
lac) log clotting factors and cause hypercoagulability of the
tegm such blood by impairing fibrinolysis and platelet aggrega-
I3ai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 1 Og
iorae), Bai tion . Under these circumstances, materia medica for
Tian Men Dong (Radix Asparagi Cochinchinen-
iosanthis), invigorating the Blood and transforming Blood sta-
and Xing sis) log
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis) 1 Og sis can supplement radiotherapy treatment by in-
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g creasing local blood flow, reducing hypoxia, and
er Burner impeding repair of the cancerous cells damaged in
NNsi Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
sed to ra- radiotherapy by inhibiting the expression of pro-
t, bladder
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) 1 Og
Su Mu (Lignum Sappan) 1 Og teins at the cell surface.
n Ying De This report is an example of the alternative
sed Basic Treatment started on the first day of radiotherapy approach of starting TCM treatment at the same
ions and and continued throughout the course . One bag per time as radiotherapy, which seems to work well for
be modi- day was used to prepare the decoction, drunk two Professor Zhang in these cases . This study should
Smilacis or three times a day. be read in conjunction with Xia Yusheng's report
fficinalis), Indications: malignant tumors of the head, neck earlier in this chapter" on the merits of combining
(Medulla and chest (including primary lung cancer, and materia medica for supporting Vital Qi and materia

80 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
medica for invigorating the Blood to prevent possi-
ble risks associated with the use of materia medica
for invigorating the Blood during radiotherapy . This
study was written long before Man Yusheng's ob-
servations, but its combination of the two treat-
ment principles is borne out in the later report .
FU ZHENG JIE DU CHONG JI
Soluble Granules for Supporting Vital Qi and Re-
lieving Toxicity
From 1992 to 1994, the Oncology Department at
the Sinn Japanese Friendship Hospital in Beijing
conducted a clinical outcome audit of Fu Zheng Jie
Du Chong Ji (Soluble Granules for Supporting Vital
Qi and Relieving Toxicity) .
Groups. 131 cancer patients (49 with lung cancer,
29 with esophageal cancer, 29 with breast cancer,
and 24 with nasopharyngeal cancer) were divided
randomly into two groups :
• Group A with 71 patients was treated with ra-
diotherapy supported by Fu Zheng Jie Du Chong Ji
(Soluble Granules for Supporting Vital Qi and Re-
lieving Toxicity) .
• Group B with 60 patients was treated with ra-
diotherapy only.
Method:: Patients in group A took the herbal medi-
cine prescription from one week before radiother-
apy until one week after finishing the course .
Ingredients
Huang Qi (Radix Astragals seu Hedysari) 15g
Shu Di Hetang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita) 15g
fin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) 15g
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 1 Og
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 1 Og
Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) 1 Og
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 1 Og
Ji Nei Jin* (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae
Galli) 10g
Zhii Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Tacniis) 10g
Gou Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Nii Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
Results: See Table 3-6 on page 81 .
YI QI YANG YIN TANG
Decoction for Augmenting Qi and Nourishing Yin
Li observed the effect of Yi Oi Yang Yin Tang (De-
coction for Augmenting Qi and Nourishing Yin) in
the treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer.
Method
The author randomly assigned 272 patients with
nasopharyngeal cancer into two groups, group A
(N = 138) and group B (IN = 134) . All patients were
treated with radiotherapy (6000-7000 cGy for pri-
mary lesions, 5500-7000 cGy for cervical metastatic
lesions, and 4500-5000 cGy at the neck for preven-
tion of metastasis) .
In group A, radiotherapy was combined with Yi
Oi Yang Yin Tang (Decoction for Augmenting Qi
and Nourishing Yin) with the following ingredients
as the basic formula, modified according to each
patient's condition :
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudosteilariae Heterophyl
lae) 30g
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis) 15g
Alai Alen Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis japonici) 15g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Nii Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) 20g
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis) 20g
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 30g
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Modifications
1 . For dry mouth, fin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) 1 Og
and Lian Qiao (Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae)
1 Og were added to clear Heat and relieve Toxic-
in, caused by exuberant Heat Toxins due to ra-
diotherapy.
2. For poor appetite, Jiao Shen Ou (JVlassa Fermen-
tata, scorch-fried) 10g, Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus
Hordes Vulgaris Germinatus, scorch-fried) 10g
and Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried)
1 Og were added .


SURGERY, CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIOTHERAPY 81

Table 3-6: Table of outcome measures

( )utcome measures Group A Group B P

shing Yin Percentage of patients com-

pleting radiotherapy 84.5% 63 .3% <0 .01
Tang (De- Number of patients with
-rig Yin) in weight change :
Increase 26 9 )
Stable 23 25 ) <0.05a
Decrease 8 23 )
ients with Number of patients with fa-
group A tigue and lack of strength :
Tents were None 27 12 )
~y for pri- Mild 30 26 ) <0 .01 6
metastatic Severe 14 22 )
Activity (according to <0 .01
)r preven-
Karnofsky criteria) Good Gradually decreasing
Gastrointestinal reaction Mild Severe <0.05
:d with Yi
Percentage of patients with <0.001
enting Qi
VBC falling below
agredients 53 .3%
2 .0x109 /L after beginning
g to each 38 .0% (in the second week)
treatment
Percentage of patients with <0 .05
terophyl- platelet count lower than
I00x10 9/L after radiother-
apv 8 .5% 25 .0%
sis) 15g <0.05
PHA intradermal test No change Significant decrease
dci) 15g Significant decrease <0 .05
E -rosette formation rate No change
osae) 15g Slight increase Decrease <0 .01
1 ysozyme activity
Notes :
a . applies to the total number of patients with weight change .
b . applies to the total number of patients with fatigue and lack of stren
usae) 30g c . the Karnofsky scale is a performance scale for rating a person's usual activities, used to evaluate progress after a
30g therapeutic procedure .

Patients began to take the decoction three times a day
one month before each radiotherapy course and con-
tinued until one month after completion of the course .
:erae) 1Og
aspensae) Conclusion
ve Toxic- • The five-year study indicated that the rate of
lue to ra- recurrence in the TCM plus radiotherapy group
oup A) was significantly lower than in the group
Fermen- receiving radiotherapy only (group B) at 11 .6 per-
(Fructus cent compared with 38 .1 percent (P<0 .01) .
tied) 10g
• The three-year and five-year survival rates in the
trch-fried) TCM plus radiotherapy group were significantly
higher than in the radiotherapy-only group (87 .0
percent compared with 66 .4 percent, and 67 .4
percent compared with 47 .8 percent respectively ;
P<0 .01) .
TONG QIAO HUO XUE TANG
Decoction for Freeing the Orifices and Invigorating
the Blood)
Liao et al . studied the effect of Tong Qiao Huo Xue
Tang (Decoction for Freeing the Orifices and
Invigorating the Blood) over a 50-day course of
radiotherapy with one dose of radiation a day . 24
Results indicated that when the dose of 60Co
reached 45Gy, the size of the tumor in patients in
the radiotherapy plus TCM group (N = 31) showed


82 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER

a more obvious reduction than in patients in a Degree of belching

radiotherapy-only group (N = 26, P<0 .05) . • mild (41 cases) - belching once or twice per
The formula was composed of hour
• moderate (23 cases) - belching five to ten times
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 5g per hour
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 5g • severe (36 cases) - belching more than ten times
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae) 5g per hour
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) 5g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 5g Results
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 5g Mild Moderate Severe
Bai Zhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae) 5g No . of patients 41 23 36
Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis) 1 Og Marked improve- 18 12 14
Shan Dou Gen (Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis) 10g ment
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Some improve- 12 11 20
Recens) 10g ment
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 15g No improvement 11 0 2
Notes :
Clinical observation report : • Marked improvement : belching disappeared
completely and the patient could resume radiother-
acupuncture apy immediately
• Some improvement: belching improved but did
Li et al . reported on acupuncture in the treatment not disappear ; however, the patient could resume
of belching caused by radiotherapy for esophageal radiotherapy
cancer. 25 • No improvement : frequency of belching did
Group: The treatment group consisted of 100 not diminish
patients, 76 male and 24 female, with histologically
confirmed esophageal cancer treated in the authors' Discussion
hospital with radiotherapy The authors suggest that the mechanism of belching
is related to diaphragmatic spasm and vagus nerve
Method activity . In their experience, radiotherapy for eso-
Radiotherapy 200cGv once a day, five days a week
. phageal cancer can cause various symptoms in the
for seven weeks ; the total dose therefore was diaphragm region such as belching. The combination
7000cGy. of the points selected can stimulate the nerve end-
Belching usually began to occur after 4000cGy
ings, transmit impulses to the central nervous system,
and acupuncture was integrated into the treatment
restore the function of the vagus nerve, and elimi-
at that stage .
nate diaphragmatic spasm to relieve belching .
Points: BL-17 Geshu, PC-6 Neiguan, ST-36 In terms of Chinese medicine, radiation damages
Zusanli, and BL-21 Weishu . Qi and Blood and impairs harmonization and
downward-bearing of Stomach Qi .
Technique: A 50mm needle was inserted obliquely
at BL-17 Geshu and a 25mm needle inserted Point functions
perpendicularly at PC-6 Neiguan . At BL-21 Weishu • BL-17 Geshu, the hui (meeting) point of the
and ST-36 Zusanli, 40mm needles were inserted, Blood and the back-shu point of the dia-
followed by lifting and rotating manipulation . The phragm, regulates the movement of Qi and
needles were retained for 20-30 minutes . Treatment Blood to dispel Blood stasis and open the
was given for ten days . diaphragm .

SURGERY, CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIOTHERAPY 83
• PC-6 Neiguan, the luo (network) point of the • BL-21 Weishu and ST-36 Zusanli regulate the
wice per Pericardium channel, which passes through the Stomach to free the functional activities of Qi,
diaphragm and chest, opens the chest and bears harmonize the Stomach and bear counterflow
ten times counterflow Qi downward . Qi downward to eliminate belching .
ten times
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84 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
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wJieDu Fa
rng Ai Liao
.less of the
insforming
Chapter 4
Combina-
:atment of
rng Xi Yi Jie
gated TCM
2-3 .
!ua Liao Sui
i Liao Xiao

Chinese medicine in the

tiveness of
5 Cases of
Zhong Guo
ancture] 6

Zhong Liu
6.
treatment of common
She Xiang
)mbination
otherapy], side ects caused by
gy journal]

3ei He Fang
'an Qi Liao
radiotherapy and
n Effect of
.ugmenting
n with Ra-
pharyngeal
chemotherapy
Traditional

ang Jia Jian

[Modified Bone marrow suppression
or Freeing Damage to liver function 103
led) Corn-
Damage to renal function 115
atment of
Jie He Za Radiation pneumonitis 1 5
i Western Cardiotoxicity 137
Radiation cystitis 145
ao Ai Fang
eatment of Radiation proctitis 151
?sophageal Nausea and vomiting 159
5i [Clinical Anorexia 177
tion] 17, 3
Dry mouth and tongue and mouth ulcers 189
Hair loss 201
 Bone marrow suppression

Radiation and chemotherapeutic agents can affect the hematopoietic function of the bone
marrow and lead to a decrease in the number of leukocytes . When the peripheral leukocyte
count is below 4.0x109/L, the condition is known as leukopenia, and when the number of
granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils) is less than 1 .5-1 .8x109/L, it is re-
ferred to as granulocytopenia . Neutropenia, where the neutrophil count is less than
1 .5x109 /L, often occurs as a side-effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy .
Under normal conditions, mature white blood cells have a relatively short life span
(granulocytes surviving only around seven hours in the peripheral blood), and a balance is
kept between the differentiation, maturation and release of granulocytes from the bone
marrow. A decrease in the number of granulocytes released from the marrow (bone mar-
row suppression) can appear during the treatment of certain types of tumors with radio-
therapy or chemotherapy.
The bone marrow is highly sensitive to various types of irradiation . Radiation not only
inhibits the bone marrow, but it also kills or destroys granulocytes directly, or causes
changes in the cell chromosomes . In addition, the impaired microcirculation needs a rela-
tively long period to recover . The degree of bone marrow damage depends on the dosage,
range and duration of the radiation.
On the other hand, although chemotherapeutic anti-tumor drugs kill tumor cells by inhib-
iting DNA cleavage and proliferation at different phases of the proliferative cycle of these
cells, they also destroy some normal marrow cells, especially the granulocyte lineage .'
In recent years, many TCM materia medica have been proven to be stem cell-protective
and able to enhance red cell immunity.
• Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the catalposide, sugars and amino
acids contained in Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita) can stimulate
the hematopoietic system to produce red and white blood cells, promote lymphoblast
transformation, and enhance the functions of leukocytes and platelets . Used during a
course of radiotherapy or chemotherapy, this herb can reduce the extent of leukopenia and
thrombocytopenia (reduction in the number of platelets), and can also enhance the im-
mune function .'
• Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) contains a protein synthesis-inducing factor and pro-
motes biosynthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA), proteins and lipids . It also stimulates
division of the hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow to increase the amount of
hemoglobin and the numbers of erythrocytes and leukocytes . In addition, the panaxin,
ginsenosides and polysaccharides contained in the herb have a cancer-inhibiting effect .
Panaxin and ginsenosides inhibit the growth of cancer cells firstly by acting directly on
them and secondly by strengthening the immune system . Chloropanaxydiol, recently
88 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
found in ginseng, can inhibit the growth of L121
cells, and 20 (R)-ginsenoside-Th2 has an inhibitory
effect on HL-60 in promyelocytic leukemia .'
• Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) en-
hances phagocytosis in the reticulo-endothelial
system, induces the production of the anti-cancer
factor interferon, increases the rate of lymphoblast
transformation, enhances the anti-tumor activity of
LAK (lymphokine activated killer) cells and lowers
the amount of toxic interleukin-2 .4
• The bone collagen contained in E Jiaot (Gelati-
num Corii Asini), when hydrolyzed, promotes the
synthesis of hemoglobin and the growth of blood
cells.5
• The proteins contained in Zi He Che$ (Placenta
Hominis) inhibit fibrosarcoma and can also enhance
the body's overall resistance to disease and raise
leukocyte and hemoglobin values . 6
• In vitro experiments indicate that Nil Zhen Zi
(Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) can have a pronounced
effect in promoting the proliferation of lympho-
cytes . Force-feeding mice with 40g/kg per day of a
ligustroside preparation of the herb can have a
significant effect in preventing leukopenia induced
by cyclophosphamide. ;
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) contains
vitamin B12, nicotinic acid and folic acid, and inhib-
its anemia ; it can be used in cases with leukopenia
caused by radiotherapy or chemotherapy 4
• Experiments have demonstrated that the vola-
tile oils, psoralen and bakuchiol contained in Bu Gu
Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) can activate
lymphoid cells, significantly increase phagocytosis
by macrophages and enhance the rate of E-rosette
(erythrocyte rosette) formation; this herb can be
applied to offset leukopenia and reduce levels of
hemoglobin after radiotherapy and chemotherapy8
Etiology and pathology
In TCM, leukopenia is considered as a xu Iao (Defi-
ciency taxation) or xue xu (Blood Deficiency) pat-
tern . The Blood is the Essence of Grain and Water,
and its source of generation and transformation is
in the Spleen . In Su l"en [Simple Questions], it says :
"The Middle Burner receives Qi and extracts the
juice ; this is transformed into a red substance,
which is the Blood ." Where the Spleen is Deficient,
there is no source for generation and transforma-
tion.
The Kidneys govern the bones and generate the
Marrow. They store the Essence, from which the
Blood is transformed. Where the Kidneys are Defi-
cient, the Marrow cannot be full, and Blood cannot
be transformed . Therefore, this condition is closely
related to the Spleen and Kidneys .
Clinical manifestations
Leukopenia generally manifests as dizziness, lack of
strength, a somber white or sallow yellow facial
complexion, limp and aching limbs, poor appetite,
frequent colds, palpitations, and insomnia . The
tongue body is pale or pale red, and the pulse is
deep and thready.
General treatment methods
The source of generation of Blood is the
transformation of Qi in the Spleen and Stomach
and the Essence stored in the Kidneys . Blood
Deficiency is therefore treated according to the
principles of augmenting Qi and nourishing the
Blood, and fortifying the Spleen and supple-
menting the Kidneys .
Commonly used materia medica include
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati)
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita)
Dang G141'(Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
Long I'an Rou (Arillus Euphoriae Longanae)
E Jiaot (Gelatinum Corii Asini)
Lu Jiao Jiaot (Gelatinum Cornu Cervi)
Gui Ban Jiao* (Gelatinum Plastri Testudinis)
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi)
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii)
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae)
Zi He Chef (Placenta Hominis)

Nu Zhen Zi (Fructus stri Lucidi)
He Shou Wa (Radix Polygoni Multiflori)
Commonly used acupuncture points include
ST-36 Zusanli
BL-20 Pishu
BL-17 Geshu
SP-6 Sanyinjiao
GB-39 Xuanzhong
BL-43 Gaohuang
BL-18 Ganshu
BL-21 Weishu
BL-23 Shenshu
CV-4 Guanyuan
Many anti-tumor drugs, radiotherapy and chemo-
therapy can cause bone marrow suppression of
varying degrees, manifesting as leukopenia (particu-
larly granulocytopenia), thrombocytopenia, and in
severe cases, a decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) and
other peripheral blood values . All cytotoxic drugs
except bleomycin and vincristine have bone marrow
suppression as a side-effect, which generally occurs
7 to 10 days after administration, but may be de-
layed for certain agents such as carmustine and
lomustine .
The extent, time of onset and duration of bone
marrow suppression vary depending on the type of
anti-tumor drugs used. For instance, chlormethine
hydrochloride (mustine hydrochloride), cyclophos-
phamide (CTX) and cisplatin (DDP) cause a rapid
decrease in the number of leukocytes followed by a
quick recovery; cyclophosphamide has a very mild
effect on platelets ; and mitomycin (MMC) causes
delayed but extensive suppression of white cells and
platelets, with slow recovery .
Our clinical experience in the Sino Japanese
Friendship Hospital in Beijing has shown that
application of Chinese herbal medicine based on
pattern identification is beneficial in treating these
conditions :
• For leukopenia, we often apply the principles
of supplementing Qi and fortifying the Spleen, and
enriching and supplementing the Liver and Kidneys
using materia medica such as Huang Qi (Radix As-
tragali seu Hedysari), Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsi-
tis Pilosulae), Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati), Ji
BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION 89
Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi), Gou Qi Zi (Fructus
Lycii), Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae), Zi He Che+ (Pla-
centa Hominis), Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinen-
sis), Hu Zhang (Radix et Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspi-
dati), Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae),
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis), and Nil
Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) in combination
with acupuncture at GV 14 Dazhui .
• For a decrease in the number of platelets,
manifesting as depletion of Qi and Blood with Qi
failing to control the Blood, thus resulting in Blood
Deficiency generating Heat to cause the frenetic
movement of Blood, we apply the treatment prin-
ciples of supplementing Qi and controlling the
Blood, and cooling the Blood and stopping bleeding
using materia medica such as Xiang Cai (Herba cum
Radice Coriandri), Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae),
Juan Bai (Herba Selaginellae), Sheng Ma (Rhizoma
Cimicifugae), Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi),
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi), Bai Ji*
(Rhizoma Bletillae Striatae), HuangQi (Radix Astra-
gali seu Hedysari), Zi He Che$ (Placenta Hominis),
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae),
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophu ula riae Ningpoensis), Lu
Jiao Jiaot (Gelatinum Cornu Cervi), Gui Ban Jiao*
(Gelatinum Plastri Testudinis), Hua Sheng Yi (Testy
Arachidis), and Qian Cao Gen (Radix Rubiae Cordi-
foliae) in combination with acupuncture at ST-36
Zusanli applying the reinforcing method .
• For a decrease in hemoglobin manifesting as
Deficiency of Qi and Blood, we apply the treatment
principles of augmenting Qi and supplementing the
Blood using materia medica such as Huang Qi
(Radix Astragali seu Hedysari), Shu Di Huang (Radix
Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita), Dang Gui (Radix
Angelicae Sinensis), Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi),
Zi He Chet (Placenta Hominis), E Jiao4 (Gelatinum
Corii Asini), Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae), Long
Yan Rou (Arillus Euphoriae Longanae), Bai Shao
(Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae), and He Shou Wlu
(Radix Polygon Multiflori) .
Our experience in treating lower-than-normal pe-
ripheral blood values indicates that application of
materia medica based on the pattern identified and
proven to be effective in raising peripheral blood
values produces a better result than general materia

90 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
medica for supplementing the Blood . For example,
for bladder cancer patterns identified as
Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner, Long Kui (Herba
Solani Nigri) and Ku Shen (Radix Sophorae Flaves-
centis) are more effective than Dang Gui (Radix
Angelicae Sinensis) and E Jiao* (Gelatinum Corii
Asini) in treating leukopenia after local infusion of
chemotherapeutic agents .
Pattern identification and
treatment principles
DEFICIENCY OF THE HEART AND
SPLEEN
Main symptoms and signs
Palpitations, shortness of breath, fatigue and lack of
strength, dizziness, reduced food intake, a lusterless
facial complexion, and insomnia . The tongue body
is pale with tooth marks and a white coating ; the
pulse is thready and weak .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Supplement and boost the Heart and Spleen, nour-
ish the Blood and quiet the Spirit .
Prescription
GUI PI TANG JIA JIAN
Spleen-Returning Decoction, with modifications
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) l Og
Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) 6g, decocted separately
for at least 60 minutes and added to the prepared
decoction
Huang Oi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
Dang G/111'(Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 10g
Gan Cao (Radix Glvcvrrhizae) 6g
Fu Shen (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos cum Ligno Hos-
pite) 1Og
Yuan Zhi (Radix Polygalae) 1Og
Long Yan Rou (Arillus Euphoriae Longanae) 1 Og
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 9g
E Jioot (Gelatinum Corii Asini) 10g, infused in the
prepared decoction
Explanation
• Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae),
Rev Shen (Radix Ginseng), Huarg Oi (Radix As-
tragali seu Hedysari), Da Zoo (Fructus Ziziphi
Jujubae), and Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) for-
tify the Spleen and augment Qi . Healthy Spleen
Qi will provide the source of transformation of
Qi and Blood .
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), E Jiao
(Gelatinum Corii Asini) and Long Yan Roil (Aril-
lus Euphoriae Longanae) nourish and supple-
ment the Blood .
• Fu Shen (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos cum Ligno
Hospite) and Yuan Zhi (Radix Polygalae) nour-
ish the Heart and quiet the Spirit .
Modifications
1 . For a pronounced reduction in food intake, add
Jiao Gu Ya (Fructus Setariae Italicae Germinatus,
scorch-fried) 30g, Jiao Afai Ya (Fructus Hordei
Vulgaris Germinatus, scorch-fried) 30g and Jiao
Shen Ou (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) 30g .
2. For abdominal distension, add Jiao Zhi Ke (Fruc-
tus Citri Aurantii, scorch-fried) 10g and Alai.
Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 6g.
3. For Qi and Blood Deficiency due to lack of
proper care after an illness or inappropriate
treatment during a prolonged illness, Ba Zhen
Tale, (Eight Treasure Decoction) should be pre-
scribed instead of Gui Pi Tang (Spleen-Returning
Decoction) to supplement Qi and Blood .
ACUPUNC I liRE
Treatment principle
Supplement and boost the Heart and Spleen, nour-
ish the Blood and quiet the Spirit .
Points: BL-15 Xinshu, BL-20 Pishu, ST-36 Zusanli,
G`' 20 Baihui, PC-6 Neiguan, CV 14 Juque, and
LR-13 Zhangmen .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
inforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30
minutes. Treat once a day throughout the radio-
therapy or chemotherapy course .


BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION 91

Explanation Explanation
icephalae), • BL-15 Xinshu, BL-20 Pishu, CV-14 juque and • Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Bai Shao
Radix As- LR-13 Zhangmen, the back-shu and front-mu (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) and Ji Xue Teng
as 7i7iphi points relating to the Heart and Spleen, sup- (Caulis Spatholobi) nourish and supplement the
iizae) for- plement and augment the Heart and Spleen . Blood .
hy Spleen • ST-36 Zusanli enriches the source of transfor- • Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) and
mation of mation of Qi and Blood by fortifying the Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) supplement
Spleen and augmenting Qi . the Spleen and augment Qi .
), E Jiao* • GV 20 Baihui augments Qi and quiets the • Gui Ban Jiao* (Gelatinum Plastri Testudinis),
Rou (Aril- Spirit. Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae),
id supple- PC-6 Neiguan nourishes the Heart and quiets Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis), and Nii
the Spirit . Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) enrich Yin and
am Ligno clear Heat.
lae) nour- DEFICIENCY OF LIVER AND KIDNEY • Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae), Shan Zhu Yu (Fruc-
YIN tus Corni Officinalis) and Ze Xie (Rhizoma
Alismatis Orientalis) supplement the Kidneys .
Main symptoms and signs
Dizziness, tinnitus, limpness and aching in the lower Modification
ntake, add back and knees, a sensation of heat in the palms
~rminatus, For pronounced Deficiency-Heat, add Di Gu Pi
and soles, insomnia, and profuse dreaming . The (Cortex Lycii Radicis) 10g, Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Ane-
.is Hordei
tongue body is slightly red with a scant coating ; the marrhenae Asphodeloidis) 10g and Huang Bai (Cor-
g and Jiao
pulse is thready and rapid . tex Phellodendri) 6g to enrich Yin and clear Heat .
ed) 30g.
Ke (Fruc-
and Mu HERBAL MEDICINE ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle Treatment principle
o lack of Enrich Yin, cool the Blood, and supplement the Enrich Yin, clear Heat and cool the Blood, and
)propriate liver and Kidneys. supplement the Liver and Kidneys .
, Ba Zhen
Id be pre- Prescription Points : BL-18 Ganshu, BL-23 Shenshu, KI-3 Taixi,
Returning GUI SHAO DI HUANG TANG JIA JIAN SP-6 Sanyinjiao, GV 20 Baihui, and PC-7 Daling .
:)d . Chinese Angelica Root, Peony and Rehmannia De-
coction, with modifications Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the
reinforcing method at all the points except PC-7
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og Daling, where the reducing method should be ap-
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 1 Og plied . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes. Treat
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g once a day throughout the radiotherapy or chemo-
-en, nour-
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 15g therapy course .
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) 10g
6 Zusanli, Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 1 Og Explanation
ique, and • Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g BL-18 Ganshu and BL-23 Shenshu enrich and
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 15g supplement Liver and Kidney Yin .
• Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 30g • KI-3 Taixi, the yuan (source) point of the Kid-
ily the re-
Nii Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g ney channel, enriches Yin throughout the body ;
:or 20-30
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g when used in combination with SP-6 Sanyinjiao,
he radio-
Gui Ban Jiao* (Gelatinum Plastri Tesrudinis) 15g, the actions of clearing Heat and enriching Yin
melted and infused separately will be intensified.

92 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
• PC-7 Daling, the Juan (source) point of the Peri-
cardium channel, clears Heat and quiets the Spirit .
• GV 20 Baihui augments and raises Qi to quiet
the Spirit.
DEFICIENCY OF SPLEEN AND KIDNEY
YANG
Main symptoms and signs
Physical and mental fatigue, a lusterless white facial
complexion, aversion to cold, cold limbs, poor ap-
petite, loose stools, and limpness and aching in the
lower back and knees . The tongue body is pale and
enlarged with a thin, white coating; the pulse is
thready and slow.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Warm and supplement the Spleen and Kidneys,
augment Qi and replenish the Essence.
Prescription
YOU GUI YIN JIA JIAN
Restoring the Right [Kidney Yang] Beverage, with
modifications
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) 1Og
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 15g
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) 10g
Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) 6g, added
towards the end of the decoction process
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 15g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis) 15g
Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) 15g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 10g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
Explanation
• Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) warms
the Kidneys and invigorates Yang .
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Shu Di
Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita)
warm Yang and supplement the Blood .
• Gan Cao (Radix Glvcvrrhizae), Shan Yao (Rhi-
zoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) and Huang Qi
(Radix Astragali seu Hedvsari) fortify the Spleen
and augment Qi.
• Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis), Bu Gu
Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae), Tu Si Zi
(Semen Cuscutae), Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni
Officinalis), and Gnu Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii) sup-
plement Kidney Qi .
Modification
For diarrhea, add Chao Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coicis
Lachryma-jobi, stir-fried) 30g, Chao Bai Zhu (Rhi-
zoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, stir-fried) 10g,
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 1 Og, and Pao Jiang
(Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Praeparata) 3g.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Warm and supplement the Spleen and Kidneys,
augment Qi and replenish the Essence .
Points : CV-4 Guanyuan, BL-23 Shenshu, BL-20
Pishu, GV 4 Mingmen, and ST 36 Zusanli .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
inforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30
minutes . Treat once a day throughout the radio-
therapy or chemotherapy course .
Explanation
• CV -4 Guanvuan, GV 4 Mingmen and BL-23
Shenshu are important points for warming the
Kidneys and invigorating Yang ; they enrich Ear-
lier Heaven Qi and warm and supplement Kid-
ney Yang.
• BL-20 Pishu and ST-36 Zusanli warm and sup-
plement Spleen Yang and supplement the Root
of Later Heaven to nourish Earlier Heaven Qi .
MOXIBUSTION
Moxibustion on the chest and abdomen :
Points : CV12 Zhongwan, CV4 Guanvuan and
CV-8 Shenque.

Yao (Rhi- • Moxibustion on the back:
Huang Qi
Points : BL-23 Shenshu (bilateral), BL-20 Pishu
the Spleen
(bilateral), BL-17 Geshu (bilateral), and GV 14 Da-
zhui .
lis), Bu Gu
Tu Si Zi Technique: Place a slice of ginger on the points
aus Corni and burn three moxa cones on the ginger until the
;.ycii) sup- skin reddens . Treat once a day. For CV-8 Shenque,
the umbilicus can be filled with salt and moxa cones
burned on this instead of on ginger.
ien Coicis Experimental studies
Zhu (Rhi-
:ried) 1Og,
d Pao Jiang PROTECTIVE EFFECT ON BONE
a) 3g. MARROW STROMAL CELLS
There are three lineages of nucleated progenitor
cells in the bone marrow - granulocytes, erythro-
cytes and megakaryocytes . The number of bone
Kidneys, marrow nucleated cells (BMNC) generally reflects
the proliferative process of the hematopoietic cells .
Apart from agents that may enhance the functions
lu, BL-20 of BMNC, such as Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu
i. Hedysari),4 Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng),2 Lu Sun
(Fructus Asparagi Officinalis),9 the saponins derived
ply the re- from the stem and leaves of Xi Yang Shen* (Radix
for 20-30 Panacis Quinquefolii),10 jiaogulanoside, 71 icariine
the radio- (hydroxyurea modeling), 71 and the stem of Ci W'u
Jia (Radix Acanthopanacis Senticosi), 66 there are
many TCM formulae such as Si Jun Zi Tang (Four
Gentlemen Decoction), 12 ShiQuan Da Bu Kou Fu Ye
nd BL-23 (Perfect Major Supplementation Oral Liquid), 13 Bu
rming the Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Decoction for Supplementing the
nrich Ear- Middle Burner and Augmenting Qi), 1 4 and Dang Gui
ment Kid- Bu Xue Tang (Chinese Angelica Root Decoction for
Supplementing the Blood)15 that can protect
i and sup- peripheral blood values by augmenting Qi, nourish-
t the Root ing Yang, supplementing the Blood, fortifying the
2aven Qi . Spleen and supplementing the Kidneys .
Bone marrow smear examination is a simpler
method than counting BMNCs when investigating
the dynamic changes in hematopoietic cells at vari-
2n : ous stages . Histolopathologic and transmission
iyuan and electron microscope examinations of bone marrow
sections can reflect the protective effect of Chinese
materia medica on bone marrow stromal cells.
BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION 93
Investigation of bone marrow smears indicates that
materia medica for augmenting Qi and nourishing
the Blood have a protective effect on immature
granulocytes and megakaryocytes . Chemotherapeu-
tic suppression of regeneration, proliferation and
maturation of all lineages was found to be not sig-
nificant after administration of materia medica for
augmenting Qi and nourishing the Blood combined
with materia medica for fortifying the Spleen and
supplementing the Kidneys.74
Me et al . studied the ultrastructural changes of
bone marrow by electron microscopy after chemo-
therapy and suggested that Chinese materia medica
can promote the recovery of hematopoietic cells. 14
Materia medica for replenishing the Essence and
supplementing the Blood such as Shu Di Huang
(Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita), Yin Yang
Huo (Herba Epimedii), and Dang Gui (Radix An-
gelicae Sinensis) are superior in this respect to mate-
ria medica for invigorating and generating the
Blood such as Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra), Tao
Ken (Semen Persicae) and Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Mou-
tan Radicis), which severely damage the granulocyte
lineage . However, based on the ratios among
BMNCs and the numbers of immature and mature
cells and megakaryocytes, Liao et al . concluded that
materia medica for supplementing the Kidneys and
materia medica for invigorating the Blood are simi-
larly effective in protecting bone marrow stromal
cells) 6
PROTECTIVE EFFECT ON HEMATO-
POIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS
Me et al. also applied the technique of granulocyte
progenitor cell culture to determine the col-
ony-forming unit in a diffusion chamber in vivo
(CFU-D) and on agar in vitro (CFU-C) in order to
study the action of two formulae, one focusing on
enriching Yin and the other on supplementing Yang,
in inhibiting the toxic side-effects of CTX (cyclo-
phosphamide). The results indicated that CFU-D
proliferation by Chinese materia medica is mediated
mainly by humoral factors . 14
Individual Chinese herbs, traditional formulae
and empirical formulae for fortifying the Spleen,
supplementing Kidney Yin and Kidney Yang,

9- _'\LANAGENIENT OF CANCER
augmenting Qi and warming Yang, and nourishing
and invigorating the Blood have also been reported
as being effective in inhibiting the toxic side-effects
of CTX . 15 Examples of these materia medica and
formulae include He ;S'holz ll-'iz (Radix Polygoni
Multiflori), Hirang Lion (Rhizoma Coptidis), Sang
She;,, (Fructus Mori Albae), Mai ,1 ea Doug (Radix
Ophiopogonis Japonici), Br.' Gtz Zhi (Fructus
Psoraleae Corvlifoliae), Ba Ji Tiai. (Radix Morindae
Officinalis), Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae), Shar Di
Hrzang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita),
and He Che Da Zao lP'an (Placenta Great Creation
Pill) .
Other studies have indicated that Dong ('bong Xia
Cant (Cordyceps Sinensis) could prevent
burst-forming units of the erythrocyte lineage
(BFU-E), erythrocyte colony-forming units
(CFU-E), and CFU-D from being damaged by San
Jian Shan (Ramulus et Folium Cephalotaxi Fortunei),
a herb that can be used in the preparation of che-
motherapy drugs. Er Xian lk'an Shen Tang (Two
Immortals Decoction for Warming the Kidneys),
which warms and supplements the Spleen and
Kidneys, has a protective action on the
colony-forming unit of the Spleen (CFU-S),
CFU-D and CFU-C . I-
Cli cal observ t o e its
TREATMENT WITH YI XUE SHENG
(TABLET FOR AUGMENTING THE
GENERATION OF BLOOD)
Cheng et al. reported on the effects of oral ad-
ministration of 7 Xtre Shez?; (Tablet for Augment-
ing the Generation of Blood) i=, the treatment of
bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy for
leukemia . The tablet was produced by the Jilin
Aodong Donghai Pharmaceutical Company.' 1'
Groups,: Thirts--eight patients were diagnosed with
leukemia y peripheral blood count tests, bone mar--
. -et biopsy and histochen ci s«. :n . The ~- were
divided randomly into two groups according to the
date of admission, to the authors' hospital (odd or
ever_ days',
8 patie 10 male and 8 fenia e, aged from 14
to 66 (mean age : 30), were placed in the TCM
treatment group ; there were 6 cases of acute lvm-
phocytic leukemia and 12 cases of acute
non-lymphocytic leukemia .
• 20 patients, 9 male and 11 female, aged from 16
to 60 (mean age : 28), were allocated to a compari-
son group ; there were 8 cases of acute lymphocytic
leukemia and 12 cases of acute non-lymphocytic
leukemia .
Method
Both groups were given chemotherapy.
• The VDCP regime (1 .4mg/m- of vincristine for
adults and 75µg/kg for those under 18, administered
intravenously once a week; 20-40mg/m' of daunoru-
bicin, applied intravenously once a day for 2-4 days ;
oral administration of 100mg of cyclophosphamide,
once a day; and oral administration of 40-60mg of
prednisone, two or three times a day) was applied for
acute lymphocytic leukemia.
r Intravenous infusion of 50-75mg of cytarabine,
administered twice a day, and intravenous infusion
of 1-4mg of harringtonine, once a day, was used to
treat acute non-lymphocytic leukemia .
Where bone marrow suppression and peripheral
pancytopenia occurred during or after chemother-
apy, both groups received supporting treatment in-
cluding exposure to ultraviolet radiation (LTVC,
maximum wavelength 253 .7nm) in a sterilized room
for 10-20 minutes three times a day, Dobell's solu-
tion (compound sodium borate solution) as a gargle
four times a day, and a bath of 1 :5000 potassium
permanganate every night.
TCM treatment: In addition, patients in the
TCM treatment group were given )-/ : Xire Sheng
(Tablet for Augmenting the Generation of Blood),
three tablets three times a day, from the start of the
chemotherapy course until peripheral blood values
returned to within the normal range (hemoglobin
>100g/L . white blood cell count >4 .0x10'z/L and
platelets >150x10"/L) . Bone marrow was examined
after completion of each chemotherapy course and
recovery of normal peripheral blood values .
Prescription ingredients
Nut G r Sizi (MMedulla Ossium Bovis) 25g
Lrz Xa& (Sanguis Cervi) 15g


BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION 95

ie TCM Zi He Chef (Placenta Hominis) 1 Og TCM treatment group and 16 patients (80 per-
ute lym- Lu Rongt (Cornu Cervi Parvum) 3g cent) in the comparison group ; platelets were
acute E Jiaol (Gelatinum Corii Asini) 15g <_20x109 /L in 12 patients (66 .7 percent) in the
Lu Jiao Jiaoll (Gelatinum Cornu Cervi) 5g TCM treatment group and 18 patients (90 per-
from 16 Gui Ban Jiao* (Gelatinum Plastri Testudinis) 1 Og cent) in the comparison group .
:ompari- Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g Time required for bone marrow to return to
phocytic HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 20g active proliferation : 9-21 days (average
phocytic 12 .40±4 .99 days) in the TCM treatment group,
Results and 14-35 days (average 17 .70±6.00 days) in the
• After chemotherapy, all patients exhibited bone comparison group. The difference in mean re-
marrow suppression (WBC <_2 .0x10 9 /L and covery time was significant (t = 2 .15, P<0 .05) .
platelets <_50x109 /L) . The WBC was • Other results are shown in Table 4-1 (1) .
istine for <_1 .0x109 /L in 15 patients (83 .3 percent) in the
iinistered
3aunoru- Table 4-1 (1) Comparison of the side-eects of chemotherapy for leukemia (number of occurrences)
2-4 days ;
phamide, TCM treatment group Comparison group
50mg of
)plied for Infection after chemotherapy : a
Acute upper respiratory infection 4
tarabine, Acute bronchitis 3 3
infusion Pneumonia 2 3
used to Gallbladder and urinary system infection 2 2
Perianal abscess 1 2
Septicemia 1 2
eripheral
Bleeding b
,mother-
Ecchymoses 6
ment in-
Nosebleed 2 3
1 (WC,
Gingival bleeding 1 2
ed room Bleeding in the digestive tract 2 3
Fs solu- Bleeding in the ocular fundus 1 2
a gargle Intracranial hemorrhage 2 2
Dtassium
Blood in the urine 2 2
Blood transfusion required:
3inthe Concentrated platelet transfusion 6 9

:ue Sheng Concentrated red blood cell transfusion 14 18
Blood), Notes to table (X2 and t tests were used for statistical purposes) :
rt of the a. The difference between the two groups was significant (22 = 4 .09, P<0.05) .
-d values b. Bleeding patterns occurred less frequently in the TCM treatment group than in the comparison group (X 2 = 4.66,
noglobin P<0 .05) .
19 /L and c . Although the number of blood transfusions in the TCM treatment group was lower than in the comparison group,
xamined the difference was not significant (X2 = 3 .68, P>0.05) .
urse and
Discussion and conclusion peripheral blood values and the occurrence of
Chemotherapy is currently the main treatment anemia, hemorrhage, infection, and, in the most
method for leukemia. Patients usually experience a serious cases, death . Shortening the period of bone
period of bone marrow suppression after chemo- marrow suppression can avoid the occurrence of
therapy, manifesting as a significant decrease in severe infections and hemorrhage and allow the

96 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
next treatment course to commence earlier .
During the chemotherapy course, immediate oral
administration of Yi Xue Sheng (Tablet for Aug-
menting the Generation of Blood) can significantly
shorten the period of bone marrow suppression,
reduce the chances of infection and hemorrhage,
and diminish the need for blood transfusion .
The authors consider that the side-effects of
chemotherapy are caused by pathogenic Toxins
invading the interior of the body and damaging Qi,
Blood and Body Fluids to cause Qi and Yin Defi-
ciency. Main manifestations include lack of strength,
dizziness, limpness and aching in the lower back
and knees, a tendency to bleed easily, a red and
enlarged tongue body with tooth marks, and a
thready and rapid pulse .
Explanation of prescription
• Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) and
Dang Shen (Gelatinum Corii Asini) fortify the
Spleen and augment Qi .
• E Jiao$ (Gelatinum Corii Asini), Lu Jiao Jiaot
(Gelatinum Cornu Cervi) and Gui Ban Jiao*
(Gelatinum Plastri Testudinis) enrich and sup-
plement Yin and Blood .
• Niu Gu Suit (Medulla Ossium Bovis), Lu Xuet
(Sanguis Cervi), Zi He Chet (Placenta Hominis),
and Lu Kong (Cornu Cervi Parvum) supple-
ment the Essence, augment the Marrow and
enhance the generation of Blood .
This combination has the function of fortifying the
Spleen and generating Blood, supplementing the
Kidneys and replenishing the Marrow The authors
concluded that it can reduce the side-effects of
chemotherapy and help patients to complete the
chemotherapy course.
TREATMENT WITH SHENG BAI PLAN
(RAISING THE WHITE TABLET)
This tablet was tested in the First Affiliated Hospital
of Xi'an Medical University in 46 cases of leuko-
penia caused by chemotherapy . Observation was
made by comparison of WBC levels after chemo-
therapy alone and WXBC levels after a combination
of chemotherapy and herbal tablets . 19
Main symptoms and signs
Clinical manifestations due to chemotherapy in-
cluded lack of strength, dizziness, poor appetite,
limp and aching legs, a sensation of heat in the
chest, palms and soles, aversion to cold, insomnia,
palpitations, loose stools, susceptibility to common
colds, a pale tongue body with a thin white coating,
and a deep and thready pulse .
Method
No medicine for increasing the white cell count was
given during the first course of chemotherapy; five
tablets, three times a day, of Sheng Bai Pian (Raising
the White Tablet) were taken during the second
course of chemotherapy Both courses lasted for
two weeks .
Prescription ingredients
Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) 30g
Yin Yang Huo (Herba Epimedii) 15g
Zi He Chei (Placenta Hominis) 15g
Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 60g
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) 15g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 30g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 15g
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 15g
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 60g
San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 9g
Hu Zhang (Rhizoma Polygon Cuspidati) 30g
Results
• At the end of the first course of chemotherapy,
the WBC of all patients was below the mini-
mum normal level of 4 .0x109/L (average :
2 .8±0.2 x 109/L).
• After the second course of chemotherapy, there
was a pronounced effect on the WBC of 26 pa-
tients, some effect in 18 patients and no effect
in 2 patients (average WBC : 5 .4±0 .3 x 10 9/L).
Criteria
• Pronounced effect: increase in WBC of at least
1 .5x10 9/L and maintaining the count above
5.Ox10 9/L.
• Some effect : increase in \XrBC of 1 .0-1 .5x1 09/L
and maintaining the count above 4 .0x10 9/L.


BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION 97

• No effect: WBC cannot reach the minimum ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION

°rapt' in- normal level.
1 . Chen et al . conducted a clinical observation
appetite,
Discussion from 1987 to 1990 of the treatment of patients
at in the
The authors consider that leukopenia belongs to xu with leukopenia caused by chemotherapy for inter-
nsomnia,
lao (Deficiency taxation) and xue xu (Blood Defi- mediate stage or late-stage cancer . 20
common
ciency) patterns in TCM and is closely related to the Groups: The authors divided the 91 patients (70
coating,
Spleen and Kidneys. They therefore based their male and 21 female, aged from 16 to 69, mean age :
treatment principle on boosting the Spleen and 55) into two groups by random sampling - 57 pa-
Kidneys, with the emphasis on supplementing the tients were allocated to a moxibustion treatment
:ount was Kidneys ; consideration was also given to nourishing group and 34 patients to a Western medicine treat-
rapy; five the Blood and transforming Blood stasis . In their ment group.
i (Raising opinion, both Kidney Yin and Kidney Yang should
e second be supplemented, with a slightly greater emphasis Method: Patients in the Western medicine group
asted for on supplementing Kidney Yang. were treated by oral administration of 100mg of
batyl alcohol and 20mg of leucogen three times a
Explanation of prescription day for nine days.
• Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae), Yin Moxibustion treatment
30g Yang Huo (Herba Epimedii), Zi He Chee (Pla-
centa Hominis), Nii Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Points: BL-17 Geshu, BL-21 Weishu, BL-20 Pishu,
Lucidi), and Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Offi- BL-23 Shenshu (all bilateral), and GV 14 Dazhui .
cinalis) supplement the Kidneys and replenish
)r the Essence. Technique: One slice of ginger, 2-3 cm in diameter
• Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) and Da and 0.3 cm thick, was used to cover each of the
g
Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) fortify the Spleen nine points. A moxa cone, 1 .5 cm in diameter and
and augment Qi. 2 .0 cm in height, was then placed on the ginger and
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Dan Shen lit . Three moxa cones were used at each point ; the
(Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae), Ji Xue Teng (Caulis cones were changed when the patient felt they were
Spatholobi), San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis too hot. Treatment took place once a day for nine
Notoginseng), and Hu Zhang (Rhizoma Poly- days .
g
goni Cuspidati) nourish the Blood and trans-
Results: See Table 4-1 (2) .
form Blood stasis .
otherapy,
he mini- Table 4-1 (2) Effects on IY/BC in the two groups
(average:
Group No. of patients Pronounced effect (%) Some effect (%) No effect (%)
tpy, there Moxibustion 57 47 (82 .5) 4(7.0) 6(10.5)
)f 26 pa- group
no effect Western medicine 34 5(14.7) 8(23 .5) 21 (61 .8)
09 /L) . group
Notes :
f at least Pronounced effect : WBC >4.0 x 109 /L within 6 days' treatment .
it above Some effect: WBC >4.0 x 109 /L after 7-9 days' treatment .
No effect : WBC remained below 4 .0 x 10 9/L after 9 days' treatment.
.5x109 /L
) 9 /L. Discussion the Marrow and the Spleen is source of generation
Since the Kidneys govern the bones and generate and transformation of Qi and Blood, the authors

98 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
suggest that the treatment principle should be based
on fortifying the Spleen, supplementing the Kidneys
and nourishing the Blood to increase the WBC .
• BL-20 Pishu and BL-21 Weishu regulate the
Spleen and Stomach to strengthen the acquired
constitution (Later Heaven) and provide a
source for the generation and transformation of
Qi and Blood.
• BL-23 Shenshu warms Yang and strengthens
the Kidneys, supplements the bones and re-
plenishes the Marrow to enhance recovery of
the hematopoietic function.
• GV 14 Dazhui regulates the other channels and
when combined with BL-17 Geshu, it can di-
rectly raise the WBC .
2. He et al. carried out a clinical observation of the
use of electro-acupuncture and Western medicine in
the treatment of 49 cases of leukopenia caused by
radiotherapy.21
Groups: The authors divided the patients randomly
into two groups according to date of admission to
hospital :
• 20 patients aged from 29 to 67 (mean age : 55)
were placed in the electro-acupuncture group; five
patients had been given radiotherapy for cancer of
the rectum, five for breast cancer, three for eso-
phageal cancer, two for testicular cancer, and one
each for thyroid, liver, lung, and mediastinal cancer,
and one for lymphosarcoma.
• 29 patients aged from 27 to 65 (mean age : 54)
were placed in the Western medicine treatment group ;
ten patients had been given radiotherapy for breast
cancer, five for testicular cancer, four for nasopharyn-
geal cancer, three for cancer of the rectum, two for
lung cancer, and one each for liver, throat and medi-
astinal cancer, one for metastatic cancer of the supra-
clavicular lymph nodes, and one for lymphosarcoma .
Method
Patients in the Western medicine group were treated
by oral administration of 100mg of batyl alcohol
and 20mg of leucogen three times a day for 10 days .
Electro-acupuncture treatment
Points: ST-36 Zusanli and SP-6 Sanyinjiao (both
bilateral) .
Technique: Filiform needles, 1 .5 can in length,
were inserted at the points and connected to an
electric stimulator once Qi was obtained . The fre-
quency was set at 25-30 cycles and the intensity ad-
justed until the patient felt a needling sensation but
experienced no pain . Treatment was given once a
day for 20 minutes ; a course consisted of 10 ses-
sions.
Results
• In the electro-acupuncture treatment group,
there was a significant difference in WBC,
which increased on average from 2 .65x109/L
before treatment to 3 .80x109 /L after treatment
(P<0 .01) . WBC increased to >3 .5x109/L in 18
of the 20 cases after 5-10 sessions of electro-
acupuncture.
• In the Western medicine treatment group, there
was also a significant difference in WBC, which
increased on average from 3 .32x10 9/L before
treatment to 3 .84x10 9/L after treatment
(P<0 .05) . WBC increased to >3 .5x109 /L in 24
of the 29 cases after 5-10 sessions of electro-
acupuncture.
Conclusion
The authors concluded that, although there was no
significant difference between electro-acupuncture
and Western medicine treatment, acupuncture did
not have side-effects such as drug dependence and
damage to liver function, which frequently occur
with batyl alcohol and leucogen.
Empirical formulae
These empirical formulae were developed or pub-
lished during the 1990s and should be considered
by practitioners as general guidelines in the formu-
lation of their own prescriptions adapted to the
particular patterns identified in patients with leuko-
penia or likely to experience leukopenia during or
after radiotherapy or chemotherapy . In general,
these empirical formulae are taken from one week
before until one week after the course of radio-
therapy or chemotherapy.
 BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION 99

in length, HERBAL MEDICINE total WBC was maintained above 5 .0x109/L during
red to an the radiotherapy course .
. The fre- 1. Indication: leukopenia caused by radiotherapy or
chemotherapy 22
Note: A few patients occasionally felt stomach dis-
ensity ad-
comfort after taking the decoction ; the dosage was
sation but Prescription ingredients therefore decreased .
m once a
)f 10 ses- Bai Sbao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 12g
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 15g 3. Indication: leukopenia caused by radiotherapy . 24
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g Prescription ingredients
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 9g
nt group, Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
in WBC, Praeparata) 15g Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 15g
.65x109/L Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamon-ii Cassiae) 1 .5g Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 12g
treatment He Shou Wlu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori) 15g Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 15g
9/L in 18
1 Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 9g lVu Yao (Radix Linderae Strychnifoliae) 9g
)f electro- Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 25g Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g
Gan Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction, Exsiccata) 30g
cup, there taken twice a day.
3C, which HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 9g
/L before Results Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
In a group of 70 cases with leukopenia due to honey) 5g
treatment
9/L in 24
1
radiotherapy or chemotherapy, the WBC returned One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction,
,f electro- to a normal level in 57 cases after three weeks of taken twice a day.
drinking the decoction .
Results
2. Indication : leukopenia caused by radiotherapy 23 After 21 days of the prescription, the WBC in-
re was no creased by 1 .0-2.0x109/L in 333 out of 360 cases
upuncture Prescription ingredients with leukopenia after radiotherapy to treat tumors .
icture did HuangQi (Radix Astragals seu Hedysari) 30g
fence and Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g 4. Indication: leukopenia caused by chemother-
iffy occur Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 30g apy.25
Nii Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 12g Prescription ingredients
Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati) 15g
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 12g Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) 30g
Yin Yang Huo (Herba Epimedii) 15g
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction,
Zi He Chef (Placenta Hominis) 15g, infused
3 or pub- taken twice a day.
separately
:onsidered Nii Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 60g
Results
ie formu- A group of 27 patients with leukopenia after radio- Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) 15g
2d to the therapy took the decoction . Within seven days, the HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
ith leuko- WBC had begun to increase, on average by Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 30g
during or 1 .4x109/L. After drinking the decoction for a fur- Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 15g
i general, ther six days, total WBC had returned within a Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 15g
one week normal range in 21 patients. Twenty cases then con- Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 60g
of radio- tinued with radiotherapy after their WBC increased ; San Qi (Radix Notoginseng) 9g, infused separately
they also continued to take the decoction . Their Hu Zhang (Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati) 30g

100 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction,
taken twice a day.
Results
The group consisted of 46 patients with leukopenia
due to chemotherapy. After 21 days of taking the
prescription, a pronounced improvement (WBC
>5.0x10 9/L) was obtained in 26 cases, some im-
provement (WBC of 4.0-5 .0x10 9 /L) in 18 cases,
and no effect in two cases.
Note: A few patients complained of mild discom-
fort after taking the decoction, with symptoms such
as dry mouth and dry eyes.
5 . Indication: leukopenia caused by chemother-
apy-26
Prescription ingredients
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati) 30g
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) 1 Og
Zhi Gan Ca,? (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) 6g
Modifications
1 . For reduced food intake, loose stools, fatigue
and lack of strength, spontaneous sweating, and
a puffy face, Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
6g, Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 1 Og, Nii Zhen
Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 10g, and Dang Shen
(Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 1 Og were added .
2 . For dizziness and blurred vision, and a sensa-
tion of heat in the palms and soles, Yi Yi Ken
(Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) was removed and
NA; Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 1 Og, Zhi He
Shou Wu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori, processed)
10g, Yu Zhu (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati) 10g,
and Gan Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutino-
sae Exsiccata) 12g were added .
3 . For cases with a pale complexion. aversion to
cold and cold limbs, and limpness and aching in
the lower back and knees, Rou Gui (Cortex Cin-
namon-ii Cassiae) 3g, Xu Duan (Radix Dipsaci)
10g, Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 10g, and
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
were added .
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction,
taken twice a day.
Results
The \VBC returned to normal in 66 out of 84 cases
after one to three weeks ; in another 12 patients, it
had increased by 50 percent in comparison with the
level before taking the prescription .
6 . Indication : leukopenia and thrombocytopenia
caused by chemotherapy. 27
Prescription ingredients
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyl-
lae) 30g
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 1 Og
• Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 1 Og
Gou Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Ni; Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
• Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 15g
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction,
taken twice a day.
Results
The treatment group consisted of 53 cases of
intermediate-stage and late-stage gastric cancer
given the decoction during chemotherapy. After 21
days, the platelet count had increased from 14 .16±
1 .43x109 /L before the treatment to 17 .05±
1 .88x109 /L, and body weight had risen from 58 .5kg
to 60 .7kg on average . No significant decrease in
\X'BC was noted .
7 . Indication : leukopenia and thrombocytopenia
caused by chemotherapy. 28
Prescription ingredients
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 6-9g, decocted
prior to the other ingredients
• Bie Chongt (Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga) 4 .5-6g
Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cvperi Rotundi) 1 Og
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractvlodis Macrocephalae) 15g

ilae) 15g Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 20g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 30g
ecoction,
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 15g
Modifications
1 . For poor appetite, Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi)
84 cases 15g, Shen Qu (Massa Fermentata) 15g and Chen
atients, it
Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g were added .
with the
2. For diarrhea, Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Offici-
nalis) 10g and Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis)
6g were added .
-ytopenia
3. For constipation, Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma
Rhei) was decocted at the same time as the
other ingredients or added 15 minutes before
the end .
g 4. For pain, Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yan-
rophyl- husuo) 10g, Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Meliae
Toosendan) 10g and Wu Yao (Radix Linderae
Strychnifoliae) I Og were added .
ilae) 1Og 5. For blood in the urine, Xian He Cao (Herba
Agrimoniae Pilosae) 10g and Hua Sheng Yi
(Testa Arachidis) 30g were added .
6. For anemia, Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
10g and Da Zao (Fructus 7i7iphi Jujubae) 10g
were added.
'.ecoction,
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction,
taken twice a day.
In addition, Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) 3g was
cases of
sucked, once a day.
c cancer
After 21 Results
n 14 .16± In 56 out of 72 cases of leukopenia and thrombo-
17 .05± cytopenia, the WBC and platelet count started to
m 58.5kg increase after two to seven days and reached normal
crease in or almost normal within one month . In another 14
cases, the WBC and platelet count started to in-
crease after 8-21 days and reached normal or almost
cytopenia normal within 2 months .
8. Indication : reduction in peripheral blood values
due to bone marrow suppression during chemo-
therapy.29
decocted
Prescription ingredients
;a) 4 .5-6g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 30g
alae) 15g He Shou Wu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori) 30g
BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION 101
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 30g
Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis) 30g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 50g
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 50g
Gui Ban Jiao* (Gelatinum Plastri Testudinis) 20g
Zi He Chef (Placenta Hominis) 20g, infused and
taken separately
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyl-
lae) 25g
Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) 25g
Ba Ji Tian (Radix Morindae Officinalis) 25g
Dong Chong Xia Cao (Cordyceps Sinensis) I Og
Hei Mu Er (Exidia Plana) 20g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 30g
Modifications
1 . For a leukocyte count lower than 3 .OxlO°/L, Nil
Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 30g was added .
2. For hemoglobin lower than 90g/L, E Jiao (Ge-
latinum Corii Asini) 30g was added .
3. For hemoglobin lower than 60g/L, the dosage
of HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) was
increased to 100g.
4. For a platelet count lower than 100x109/L,
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 20g was added .
Method of application: Capsules were filled with
powdered Zi He Chef (Placenta Hominis), 2 .5g per
capsule. Two capsules were taken three times a
day. One bag per day of the other ingredients was
decocted three times over a mild heat for 30
minutes. The three decoctions (300ml) were
combined, divided into equal portions and taken
three times a day
Results
After 21 days, a pronounced improvement had been
achieved in 19 out of the 33 cases (peripheral blood
values were in the normal range, no infection had
been noted, and the patient could complete the
chemotherapy course) . Some effect had been
achieved in another 11 cases (peripheral blood val-
ues had increased but were still slightly below the
normal range, there were one or two infectious foci
that could be controlled by antibiotics, and the
patient was given the opportunity of completing the
chemotherapy course) .
102 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
9. Indication: Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, or
debility, dizziness, shortage of Qi and lack of
strength due to radiotherapy or chemotherapy
Prescription ingredients
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae)
15g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 9g
Qing Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Tematae Depurata) 9g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 9g
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 1 Og
Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) 1 Og
Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati) 1 Og
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 1Og
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 12g
He Shou Wu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori) 15g
Shi Wei (Folium Pyrrosiae) 1Og
San Pi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 3g, infused
in the prepared decoction -
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 20g
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction,
taken twice a day.
10. Indication : Lower-than-normal peripheral
blood values for patients with Spleen and Kidney
Deficiency and insufficiency of Qi and Blood when
undergoing chemotherapy for malignant tumors . 31
Prescription ingredients
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 1 Og
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 1 Og
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 12g
Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 12g
Kou Cong Kong (Herba Cistanches Deserticolae) 1 Og
Bu Gu Zbi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) I Og
Han Lian Cao (Herba Ecliptae Prostratae) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 5g
Modifications
1 . For aching in the lower back and tinnitus, Yin
Yang Huo (Herba Epimedii) 12g and Shi Chang
Pu (Rhizoma Acori Graminei) 10g were added .
2. For aversion to cold and cold limbs, Chen Pi
(Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 10g and Can Jiang
(Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis) 10g were
added .
3. For tidal fever and night sweating, He Shou Wu
(Radix Polygoni Multiflori) 30g and Hei Zhi Ma
(Semen Sesami Indici) 15g were added .
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction,
taken twice a day for 21 days .
11. Indication: leukopenia and thrombocytopenia
caused by radiotherapy or chemotherapy. 32
Prescription ingredients
Lu Rongt (Cornu Cervi Parvum) 3g
Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) 6g
San Qi (Radix Notoginseng) 6g
E Jiaot (Gelatinum Corii Asini) 6g
Zi He CM (Placenta Hominis) 6g
The ingredients were ground into a powder and
taken twice a day, 1 .5g each time for 21 days.
ACUPUNCTURE
Indication : leukopenia caused by chemotherapy . 33
Main points: ST-36 Zusanli, SP-6 Sanyinjiao,
GB-39 Xuanzhong, SP-10 Xuehai, and BL-17 Ge-
shu.
Auxiliary points : LR-3 Taichong and Kl-3 Taixi .
Technique : The reinforcing method was applied
(the reducing method was applied occasionally if
the patient's condition required) . Treatment was
given once a day. A course consisted of six sessions,
and the treatment lasted for three courses .
Result
13 cases with a pronounced improvement (WBC
>5.0x109/L), 9 with some improvement (a WBC of
4.0-5 .0x109/L), 2 with a slight improvement (a
WBC of 3 .0-4.0x109/L) and one case with no im-
provement .
 Chen Pi
Gan Jiang
Damage to liver nction
)g were

Shou Wu
,i Zhi Ma

ecoction,

;ytopenia All types of radiotherapy and chemotherapy can damage the liver function . The hepatic
cells can become inflamed, although the mechanism is not the same as in viral hepatitis .
Radiation can cause swelling and detachment of the vascular endothelial cells and deposi-
tion of fibrin in the vascular lumen, resulting in stenosis, obstruction and portal hyperten-
sion, especially in the venous system . Disturbance of blood circulation in the liver prevents
normal nourishment of the tissue and has the secondary effect of causing liver atrophy,
necrosis, and destruction of the hepatic lobules .
Some anti-cancer drugs may induce hepatic cell necrosis and inflammation, and in the
long run lead to fatty degeneration, granuloma formation, eosinophil infiltration, and
fibrosis . Methotrexate, chlorambucil and 6-mercaptopurine can cause toxic hepatitis and
rider and cholestasis. Cytarabine and nitrosourea may induce a temporary increase in transaminase .
-s . In addition, long-term use of methotrexate can result in liver fibrosis and eventually cir-
rhosis, particularly after long-term administration of small doses or intravenous or hepatic
arterial injection of a relatively large dose, which may extend the half-life of the drug in the
peripheral blood. All these pathological changes will damage the liver function.
ierapy.33
anyinjiao, Etiology and pathology
L-17 Ge-
Pathogenic Toxins, Heat and Dryness damage the Liver and impair its function of ensuring
the smooth flow of Qi. Disharmony between the upward and downward movement of Qi
3 Taixi .
leads to Liver Qi stagnation with symptoms such as distension in the hypochondrium and
s applied pain in the area of the liver . Enduring stagnation of Liver Qi will impair the Spleen's
ionally if transportation and transformation function and cause Spleen and Stomach Deficiency and
nent was internal generation of Damp-Heat with symptoms such as abdominal distension, diarrhea
sessions, and fatigue. Liver Qi stagnation also may lead to the impairment of blood circulation, re-
sulting in Blood stasis manifesting as a dark purple tongue body, sometimes with stasis
marks, and a soot-black or somber facial complexion.

nt (WBC
WBC of Clinical manifestations
ement (a
In most cases, onset is acute and the course of the condition relatively short . Recovery
th no im-
generally takes place soon after suspension of drug administration, although recovery from
radiation hepatitis is slower . Jaundice may occur in some patients, accompanied by nausea,
104 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
abdominal distension, diarrhea, fatigue, and pain in
the liver area . The tongue body is purple with stasis
marks or dark red ; the pulse is wiry or wiry and
threadv. In a minority of cases, severe symptoms
involving the digestive tract occur, including ascites
and hemorrhage, which can progress to hepatic
coma (hepatic encephalopathy) and finally death
due to liver failure . Laboratory examinations show
abnormality of liver functions, such as transitory
elevation of serum transaminase and an increase in
alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-giutamvl
transpeptidase (GGT) levels .
General treatment methods
Since the Liver stores the Blood and governs the
smooth flow of Qi, the treatment of liver diseases
should be aimed at treating the Blood, especially in
cases of damage to the liver function caused by
radiotherapy or chemotherapy The main treatment
principles are emolliating the Liver, nourishing the
Blood and regulating Qi, supported by clearing
Heat and relieving Toxicity
Commonly used materia medica include
Dana Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Dan Shea (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae)
Bai Shoo (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati)
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
Huang Ui (Radix Astragali seu HedS sari)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycvrrhizae)
Pu Gong 1aeg (H erba Taraxaci cum Radice)
Huang Oiii (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)
Ji Nei Jint (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli)
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri)
Wit LVei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae)
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedvotidis Diffusae)
Commonly used acupuncture points include
BL-18 Ganshu
BL-19 Danshu
BL-20 Pishu
BL-21 Weishu
K1-3 Taixi
LR-3 Taichong
LR-14 Qimen
LR-2 Zingiian
PC-6 Neiguan
SP-6 Sanyinjiao
GB-34 Yangiingquan
GB-39 Xuanzhong
GV 14 Dazhui
Pattern identification and
treatment principles
QI STAGNATION
Main symptoms and signs
Pan in the area of the liver, and distension and dis-
comfort in the hvpochondrium . The tongue is
normal and the pulse is wiry. If Qi stagnation
transforms into Heat, the tongue body is red with a
yellow coating.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Soothe the Liver and relieve Depression, emolliate
the Liver and nourish the Blood .
Prescription
CHAI HU SHU GANT SANT HE SI WU TANG
JIA JIAN
Bupleurum Powder for Dredging the Liver Con-.-
bined With Four Agents Decoction, with modifica-
tions
Chaff Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 6g
Yi Jin (Radix Curcumae) I Og
Jiang Huang (Rhizoma Curcumae Longae) 10g
Gan Cao (Radix Glvcyrrhizae) 6g
Hiang Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 10g
Xiong Fu (Rhizoma Cvperi Rotundi) 10g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 10g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Sheng Di Hiang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 6g
Yin Hu Silo (Rhizoma Corydahs Yanhusuo) 10g
Chuan Line Zi (Fructus Melae Toosendan) 1Og

Explanation
• Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) dredges the Liver and
relieves Depression .
• HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) clears
Heat.
• Xiong Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi), Yu Jin
(Radix Curcumae) and Jiang Huang (Rhizoma
Curcumae Longae) move Qi and invigorate the
Blood .
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Bai Shao
(Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae), Gan Cao (Radix
Glycyrrhizae), and Sheng Di Huang (Radix Reh-
manniae Glutinosae) emofate the Liver and
nourish the Blood .
• Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong),
Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) and
i and dis-
:ongue is Chuan Iran Zi (Fructus Meliae Toosendan) in-
xagnation vigorate the Blood and alleviate pain .
ed with a
Modification
For Qi stagnation transforming into Heat, add Mu
Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) log and Zhi Zi
(Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) log.
emolliate
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Soothe the Liver and relieve Depression, emolliate
U TANG the Liver and nourish the Blood, regulate Qi and
alleviate pain.
ver Com-
Points : BL-18 Ganshu, LR-3 Taichong, PC-6
modifica- Neiguan, LR-14 Qimen, CV-17 Danzhong, and
CV-6 Qihai.
Technique: Use filiform needles and apply the
even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes.
lOg
Explanation
log
Combining BL-18 Ganshu and LR-14 Qimen,
the back-shu and front-mu points related to the
Liver, with LR-3 Taichong, the yuan (source)
point of the Liver channel, soothes the Liver,
osae) 15g
relieves Depression and nourishes the Blood .
ag) 6g
log • PC-6 Neiguan loosens the chest and regulates
log Qi.
• CV 17 Danzhong and CV 6 Qihai regulate the
DAMAGE TO LIVER FUNCTION 105
functional activities of Qi in the Upper, Middle
and Lower Burners to invigorate the Blood and
regulate Qi.
SPLEEN DEFICIENCY
Main symptoms and signs
Lack of strength, abdominal distension, diarrhea,
and poor appetite. The tongue body is dark or pale
red with a greasy coating; the pulse is wiry and
thready or deep and thready.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and augment Qi, harmonize the
Stomach and nourish the Blood .
Prescription
BU ZHONG YI QI TANG HE SI JUN ZI
TANG JIA JIAN
Decoction for Supplementing the Middle Burner
and Augmenting Qi Combined With Four Gentle-
men Decoction, with modifications
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 6g
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Fu Zing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Sha Ren (Fructus Amomi) 6g, added 10 minutes
before the end of the decoction process
Chao Ji Nei Jin$ (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae
Galli, stir-fried) 10g
ShenQu (Massa Fermentata) 30g
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 30g
Explanation
• Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction [Bai
Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae),
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae), Fu Ling (Scle-
rotium Poriae Cocos), and Dang Shen (Radix
Codonopsitis Pilosulae)]), Huang Qi (Radix As-
tragali seu Hedysari) and Shan Yao (Rhizoma

106 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Dioscoreae Oppositae) fortify the Spleen and
augment Qi.
• Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) uplifts Yang Qi .
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Sha Ren
(Fructus Amomi), Chao Ji Nei Jint (Endothelium
Corneum Gigeriae Galli, stir-fried), and Shen _Ou
(Massa Fermentata) harmonize the Blood and
nourish the Stomach .
• Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) regulates
Qi and harmonizes the Stomach .
Modification
For severe diarrhea, add Wei Ge Gen (Radix Puer-
ariae, roasted in fresh cinders) 30g, Mu Xiang*
(Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 6g and Huang Iran
(Rhizoma Coptidis) 3g..
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen, augment Qi, harmonize the
Stomach, supplement the Middle Jiao, and nourish
the Blood.
Points : BL-20 Pishu, BL-21 Weishu, ST-36 Zusanli,
CV 12 Zhongwan, ST 25 Tianshu, and LR-13
Zhangmen .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
inforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30
minutes. Select two or three points each time to
apply moxibustion if required .
Explanation
• Combining BL-20 Pishu, BL-21 \Wishu, LR-13
Zhangmen and CV 12 Zhongwan, the back-shu
and front-vu points related to the Spleen and
Stomach, fortifies the Spleen and boosts the
Stomach, supplements Qi and nourishes the
Blood .
• ST-25 Tianshu, the front-mu point of the Large
Intestine channel, regulates Qi, disperses disten-
sion and stops diarrhea.
• ST-36 Zusanli is a key point for strengthening
the body ; it supplements the Middle Jiao and
augments Qi .
BLOOD STASIS
Main symptoms and signs : stabbing pain in the liver
area, a soot-black facial complexion, purple lips,
hepatomegaly, and dry and scaling skin . The tongue
body is dark red with stasis marks ; the pulse is wiry
or rough .
Treatment principle
Dredge the Liver and regulate Qi, invigorate the
Blood and disperse Blood stasis .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Prescription
XIAO YAO SAN HE GE XIA ZHU YU TANG
JIA JIAN
Free Wanderer Powder Combined With Decoction
for Expelling from Blood Stasis from Below the
Diaphragm, with modifications
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 6g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 10g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 1 Og
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 1 Og
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 30g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 6g
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 1 Og
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) 6g, infused
separately
Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi) 1 Og
,Qing Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride) 6g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g
Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae) l Og
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 6g
San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 6g, infused
in the prepared decoction
Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) 1 Og
Bie Jia* (Carapax Amydae Sinensis) 15g, decocted
for 30 minutes before adding the other ingredients
Explanation
• Xiao Yao San (Free Wanderer Powder) dredges
the Liver and regulates Qi . Ge Xia Zhu Yu Tang
(Decoction for Expelling Blood Stasis from
Below the Diaphragm) invigorates the Blood
and disperses Blood stasis . When Qi and Blood

circulate smoothly and are in harmony, the
symptoms will recede.
the liver • Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri), Xiang Fu (Rhizoma
rple lips, Cyperi Rotundi), Qing Pi (Pericarpium Citri Re-
.e tongue ticulatae Viride), Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Re-
;e is wiry ticulatae), and Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae) dredge
the liver and regulate Qi .
• Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra), Bai Shao
(Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae), Dang Gui (Radix
gyrate the
Angelicae Sinensis), Dan Shen (Radix Salviae
Miltiorrhizae), Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici
Chuanxiong), Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan
Radicis), Hong Hua (Floc Carthami Tinctorii), E
Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae), and San Qi Fen
J TANG (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) invigorate the
Blood and dissipate Blood stasis .
• Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo)
regulates Qi and alleviates pain .
• Bie Jia* (Carapax Amydae Sinensis) softens
hardness and dissipates lumps .
• Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) regulates and
harmonizes the properties of the other ingre-
dients.
Note : Bie Jia* (Carapax Amydae Sinensis) may be
replaced by Jiang Cant (Bombyx Batryticatus) 1 Og or
Gou Teng (Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis) 15g.
ACUPUNCTURE AND CUPPING THERAPY
Treatment principle
Dredge the Liver and regulate Qi, invigorate the
Blood and disperse Blood stasis.
Points: BL-18 Ganshu, BL-17 Geshu, LR-14 Qimen,
SP-6 Sanyinjiao, LR-3 Taichong, and CV 17 Dan-
zhong.
Technique: Use filiform needles and apply the
even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes.
Apply cupping therapy over needles at the back- .rhu
points for 5-8 minutes .
Explanation
• BL-18 Ganshu, LR-14 Qimen and LR-3
Taichong soothe the Liver and regulate Qi .
• BL-17 Geshu and SP-6 Sanyinjiao invigorate
the Blood and transform Blood stasis .
DAMAGE TO LIVER FUNCTION 107
• CV 17 Danzhong regulates Qi to assist the
movement of Blood .
DAMP-HEAT
Main symptoms and signs
Jaundice, accompanied by a bright yellow facial
complexion, abdominal distension and yellow urine .
The tongue body is red with a yellow coating ; the
pulse is wiry.
Treatment principle
Clear Heat, benefit the movement of Dampness
and abate jaundice .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Prescription
YIN CHEN HAO TANG RA JIAN
Oriental Wormwood Decoction, with modifications
Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae) 30g
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 1 Og
Yu fin (Radix Curcumae) 1Og
Jiang Huang (Rhizoma Curcumae Longae) 1 Og
finQian Cao (Herba Lysimachiae) 30g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 1 Og
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 1 Og
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 1Og, wrapped
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 1 Og
Da Fu Pi (Pericarpium Arecae Catechu) 1 Og
Explanation
• Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae), Zhi
Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) and finQian
Cao (Herba Lysimachiae) clear Heat, benefit the
movement of Dampness and abate jaundice .
• Yu fin (Radix Curcumae) and Jiang Huang (Rhi-
zoma Curcumae Longae) invigorate the Blood
and disperse Blood stasis.
• Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) and Mu Dan Pi
(Cortex Moutan Radicis) clear Heat and cool
the Blood .
• Che Qian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) and Da Fu Pi
(Pericarpium Arecae Catechu) drain Heat and
benefit the movement of Dampness .

108 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) clears Heat
and drains downward .
• Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) regulates and
harmonizes the properties of the other ingre-
dients.
Modification
For pain in the liver area, add Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma
Corydalis Yanhusuo) 10g and Chuan L ian Zi (Fruc-
tus Meliae Toosendan) 10g.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Clear Heat, benefit the movement of Dampness
and abate jaundice .
Points : BL-19 Danshu, BL-20 Pishu, SP-9
Yinlingquan, GB-34 Yanglingquan, CV -3 Zhongji,
BL-18 Ganshu, and GB-40 Qiuxu .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the
reducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes.
Explanation
• BL-18 Ganshu, BL-19 Danshu, GB-34 Yang-
iingquan, and GB-40 Qiuxu dredge the Liver
and abate jaundice by promoting the flow of
bile .
• BL-20 Pishu, SP-9 Yinlingquan and CV-3
Zhongji clear Heat and benefit the movement
of Dampness .
ASYMPTOMATIC INCREASE IN
TRANSAMINASE LEVELS
Main symptoms and signs : none obvious.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Emolliate the Liver and nourish the Blood . clear
Heat and relieve Toxicity .
Prescription
DANG GUI LIU HUANG TANG JIA JIAN
Chinese Angelica Root Six Yellows Decoction, with
modifications
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) IOg
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 10g
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 6g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
Xiao Hui Xiang (Fructus Foeniculi Vulgaris) 6g
Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae) I Og
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 6g
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Pu Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice) 30g
Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) 15g
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae)
30g
Explanation
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Sheng Di
Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) and Shu
Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) emolliate the liver and nourish the
Blood .
• Yu fin (Radix Curcumae) and Chai Hu (Radix
Bupleuri) dredge the Liver and regulate Qi.
• Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis),
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri), Pit Gong Ying
(Herba Taraxaci cum Radice), and Bai Hua She
She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) clear Heat
and relieve Toxicity
• Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) invigo-
rates the Blood .
• Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) and Huang Qi
(Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) augment Qi and
constrain Yin .
• Xiao Hui Xiang (Fructus Foeniculi Vulgaris)
moves Qi and dissipates Cold .
• Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) regulates and har-
monizes the properties of the other ingredients .


DAMAGE TO LIVER FUNCTION 109

A, B and C contained in Wu Wei Zi (Fructus

Experimental studies Schisandrae) limited the increase in ALT in-
JIAN
:tion, with duced by liver damage during in vitro trials . 50
EFFECT ON LIVER FUNCTION
Modern pharmacological studies indicate that a EFFECT ON GALLBLADDER FUNCTION
tosae) 15g number of Chinese materia medica are very effec- Certain Chinese materia medica are also effective in
osae Con- rive in protecting the liver function by inhibiting an normalizing the function of the Gallbladder .
increase in transaminases and preventing a decrease • San Ke Zhen (Radix Berberidis) reduces tension
log in hepatic glycogen. in the gallbladder, limits the number of contrac-
• Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) inhibits alanine tions and increases the volume of bile flow 51
5g transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase • Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) increases the
s) 6g (ASf) 34 volume of bile flow, strengthens contractility of
• Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae) pre- the gallbladder and raises the amount of bile
vents a decrease in hepatic glycogen 35 acid52
• Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) • Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae) in-
prevents a decrease in hepatic glycogen and in- creases the volume of bile flow and improves
30g hibits an increase in transaminases and lactic micturition35
dehydrogenase (LDH) 3 G • fin Qian Cao (Herba Lysimachiae) increases the
Diffusae) 0 Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) volume of bile flow, enhances the secretion of
prevents a decrease in hepatic glycogen 37 bile and prevents cholelithiasis 53
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) prevents a • Ban Bian Lian (Herba Lobeliae Chinensis cum
decrease in hepatic glycogen and protects Radice) increases the volume of bile flow 54
i, Sheng Di adenosine triphosphate (ATP) enzymes 38 • Hu Zhang (Radix et Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati)
e) and Shu Lian Qiao (Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae) re- enhances the secretion of bile and reduces ten-
Losae Con- duces ALT and enhances recovery of hepatic sion in the gallbladder55
)urish the glycogen39 • fin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) enhances the se-
• Lang Zhi (Ganoderma) reduces ALT 40 cretion of bile 56
Hu (Radix • Bai Jiang Cao (Herba Patriniae cum Radice) in- • Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) en-
creases secretion of bile 41 hances the secretion of bile 57
to Qi .
Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae) re-
~aicalensis),
duces ALT, AST and serum bilirubin 42
Gong Ying
:ai Hua She
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) reduces Clinical observation reports
ALT43
clear Heat Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) reduces
SUPPORTING VITAL QI AND DISPELLING
ALT44
ae) invigo- BLOOD STASIS
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) increases secretion of
bile and reduces ALT 45 Zhou et al . reported on application of the principle
i Huang Qi • HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) reduces of supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and dispelling
ent Qi and AIT46 Blood stasis in treating liver damage due to chemo-
• Pu Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice) re- therapy 58
i Vulgaris) duces ALT47 Group: 30 patients, 22 male and 8 female, aged
• Bo He (Herba Menthae Haplocalycis) reduces from 29 to 70 (mean age: 48); there were 8 patients
es and har- ALT48 with cancer of the cardia, 6 with stomach cancer, 4
,redients. Nu Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) prevents a with lung cancer, 4 with breast cancer, 3 with
decrease in hepatic glycogen 49 Hodgkin's lymphoma, 2 with esophageal cancer, and
0 In addition, the deoxyschizandrin and gomisin one each with cancer of the rectum, osteosarcoma,

110 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
and seminoma . Liver damage was evident from the
very high level of alanine transaminase (ALT) and
the higher-than-normal levels of alkaline phos-
phatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
(GGT) .
Main symptoms: low spirits, a lusterless facial
complexion, fatigued limbs, no pleasure in eating, a
pale tongue with purple margins or stasis marks and
a thin white coating, and a wiry and thready pulse .
Empirical prescription ingredients
Zhi Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari, mix-
fried with honey) 20g
Chao Dan,g Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae, stir-
fried) 12g
Chao Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,
stir-fried) 9g
• Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 9g
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 12g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 5g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 9g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 9g
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 5g
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 30g
• Jin (Radix Curcumae) 9g
Hong Hua (Floc Carthami Tinctorii) 6g
• Fu Ling (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae) 30g
Modifications
1 . For stomach distension, Zhi Huang Qi (Radix
Astragali seu Hedysari, mix-fried with honey) was
removed and Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae
Lappae) 5g, Chao Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii,
stir-fried) 6g and Zhi Ji Nei Jinn (Endothelium
Corneum Gigeriae Galli, mix-fried) 4g were
added.
2 . For loose stools, Wei Mu Xiong* (Radix Auck-
landiae Lappae, roasted in fresh cinders) 9g and
Wei Rou Dou Kou (Semen Myristicae Fragrantis,
roasted in fresh cinders) 6g were added .
3 . For severe pain in the hypochondrium, Yin Hu
Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) 9g was added .
4 . For jaundice, Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae
Scopariae) 15g, Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis
Orientalis) 9g and Che Qian Zi (Semen Plan-
taginis) 9g, wrapped, were added .
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction,
taken twice a day
Results
• Pronounced improvement (symptoms disap-
peared and ALT returned to normal after taking
the decoction for 2-4 weeks) in 23 cases .
• Some improvement (symptoms disappeared
and ALT returned to normal after taking the
decoction for 4-8 weeks) in 3 cases .
• No improvement (little or no change in symp-
toms and ALT after taking the decoction for 8
weeks) in 4 cases.
The average value of ALT before treatment was
153 .57 IU/L; this was reduced to 43 .7 IU/L after
treatment (t = 3 .63, P<0.01) .
Discussion
The authors consider that malignant tumors repre-
sent a pattern of Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) Deficiency
and invasion of pathogenic factors . Chemothera-
peutic agents are considered as Toxins in TCM and
long-term use causes pathogenic Toxins to accu-
mulate in the Liver resulting in the Liver failing to
ensure the smooth flow of Qi, the functional activi-
ties of Qi being obstructed, and Blood not flowing
freely in the vessels, eventually leading to Blood
stasis and Toxins fighting and binding, and subse-
quently to damage to the Liver. The treatment prin-
ciple should therefore focus on supporting Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi) and dispelling Blood stasis .
Explanation of prescription
• Zhi Huang Pi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari,
mix-fried with honey), Chao Dang Shen (Radix
Codonopsitis Pilosulae, stir-fried), Chao Bai Zhu
(Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, stir-
fried), Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos), Shan
Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae), and Chen
Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) augment Qi
and fortify the Spleen to support Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi) .
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Chi Shao
(Radix Paeoniae Rubra), Dan Shen (Radix Salviae
Miltiorrhizae), Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae), Chuan
Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong), and
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) invigorate


DAMAGE TO LIVER FUNCTION 111

ecoction, the Blood and dispel Blood stasis ; once Blood variously with fever due to extensive necrosis of
stasis is removed, new Blood can be generated . cancerous liver tissue and absorption of the tumor,
• Large doses of Tu Fu Ling (Rhizoma Smilacis pain in the area of the liver, vomiting, and gastro-
Glabrae) relieve Toxicity. intestinal hemorrhage .
.s disap- Standard treatment of these symptoms with
:er taking Western drugs was adopted for patients in both
s. LIVER DAMAGE
groups as and when symptoms arose :
appeared Ye et al. reported on the clinical observation of • For patients with a temperature higher than
tking the Xiao Chai Hu Tang Jia Jian (Minor Bupleurum De- 38 .5° C, 25mg of indomethacin was adminis-
coction, with modifications) in the treatment of tered orally one to three times a day, accompa-
in symp- liver damage caused by the Lp-TAE (Lipiodol- nied by intravenous injection of 5-10mg of
ion for 8 transcatheter arterial embolization) method of dexamethasone, once every two or three days,
treating liver cancer . 59 until the fever was relieved.
nent was
Background • Patients with vomiting were given 10-20mg of
J/L after
From 1988 to 1998, the authors treated 300 patients metoclopramide orally three times a day until
with liver damage after treatment for liver cancer by the symptoms were relieved .
the Lp-TAE method . These patients were diag- • Patients with pain were given 30-90mg of Hy-
)rs repre- nosed with primary liver cancer by B ultrasound, CT, drochloride Bucinnazine, once every 4-6 hours,
)efciency MRI and AFP investigations, and indices of hepatic and intravenous injection of 50mg of mepe-
mothera- function. ridine hydrochloride, with frequency depending
I'CM and on the severity of the pain.
to accu- Groups The authors divided the patients randomly
into two groups according to the order of admis- • To prevent hemorrhage in the digestive tract, all
failing to patients were given 10mg of aluminum hydrox-
nal activi- sion to hospital :
• 150 patients, 143 male and 7 female, aged from ide gel, three times a day, and intravenous injec-
't flowing tion of 0 .4g of cimetidine, twice a day.
to Blood 28 to 73 (mean age : 55), were placed in the
TCM treatment group ; the diameter of the In addition, the TCM treatment group was given
id subse- Xiao Chai Hu Tang Jia Jian (Minor Bupleurum De-
cancer ranged from 10 cm to 21 cm in this
ient prin- coction, with modifications) .
t Vital Qi group.
• 150 patients, 145 male and 5 female, aged from Ingredients
18 to 74 (mean age : 58), were placed in a com-
parison group ; the diameter of the cancer Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 12g
Hedysari, ranged from 10 cm to 19 cm in this group . Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 12g
en (Radix Treatment method for liver cancer (Lp-TAE HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 12g
'o Bai Zhu method) • Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Prae-
tae, stir- The Seldinger technique was adopted, by percuta- parata) 12g
:os), Shan neous femoral artery catheterization with infusion Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) 12g
and Chen into the bilateral liver arteries of 3-20m1 of • Jin (Radix Curcumae) 20g
;ment Qi ultra-liquid iodized oil, 50-70mg/m 2 of doxorubicin, Bie Jia* (Carapax Amydae Sinensis) 30g
Vital Qi 10-14mg/m2 of mitomycin and embolism of liver Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 30g
arteries by small pieces of gelfoam (cut as 1/6 of a Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Chi Shao piece of gelating sponge) . Patients were treated 3 .5 San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 3g, infused
lix Salviae times on average (range one to eight times) with in the prepared decoction
te), Chuan one to six months' interval between courses .
)ng), and
Treatment of side-effects Modifications
invigorate
After the Lp-TAE treatment, patients manifested 1 . For damage to Yin due to severe fever, Di Gu Pi
112 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER

(Cortex Lycii Radicis) and Wu Wei Zi (Fructus
Schisandrae) were added .
2. For exuberant Heat, Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae
Jasminoidis), Shi Gaot (Gypsum Fibrosum), Da
Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), and Hu Zhang
(Radix et Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati) were
added .
3. For Blood stasis due to binding of Heat, Tao
Ren (Semen Persicae) and Quan Xiet (Buthus
Martensi) were added.
4. For Blood depletion and Qi Deficiency, Huang
Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) and Ji Xue
Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) were added .
5. For Wind stirring due to exuberant Heat, Ling
Yang Jiaot (Corms Antelopis) and Gou Teng (Ra-
mulus Uncariae cum Uncis) were added .
6. For mental confusion and delirious speech, An
Gong Niu Huang Wan (Peaceful Palace Bovine
Bezoar Pill) was added .
For Damp-Heat accumulating and steaming,
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis), Yin Chen Hao
(Herba Artemisiae Scopariae), Yi Yi Ren (Semen
Coicis Lachryma-jobi), and fin Qian Cao (Herba
Lysimachiae) were added .
For severe pain, Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis
Yanhusuo) was added.
9. For severe vomiting, Xuan Fu Hua (Flos Inulae),
Dai Zhe Shi$ (Haematitum) and Zhu Ru (Caulis
Bambusae in Taeniis) were added .
Patients started taking the decoction on the third
day after the start of the Lp-TAE treatment . One
bag per day was used to prepare a decoction by
adding to 1000ml of water and boiling down to
500m1 of liquid, taken in equal portions twice a day.
TCM treatment continued for two weeks . As with
the comparison group, treatment with the Western
drugs detailed above was given should any symp-
toms appear.

Results
Table 4-2 (1) Appearance of side-effects

Average number of No . of patients No . of patients No . of patients with gastro-

days of fever with vomiting with poor appetite intestinal hemorrhage
TCM treat- 8 .5 9 25 15
ment group (48 patients)
Comparison 11 .5 42 79 20
group (112 patients)
P <0 .05 <0.01 <0 .05 No significant difference

Table 4-2 (2) Pain in the liver area

Average days of grade III No . of patients with No. of patients with

Pain § grade III pain grade III pain
on day 3 on day 7
TCM treatment group 10.5 116 20 -
Comparison group 14.4 114 50
§ Pain graded according to WHO criteria .
Note : By day 7, there was a significant difference between the two groups, P<0.05 (t test used for statistical purposes) .

Conclusion treated by Xiao Chai Hit Tang (Minor Bupleururn

The authors observed that, after treatment of liver
cancer patients with the Lp-TAE regime, symptoms
such as fever, vomiting, . poor appetite, and pain in
liver area appearing within the period of observa-
tion generally correspond to the main symptoms
Decoction) .
The observation indicated that the TCM treat-
ment group fared significantly better than the com-
parison group in terms of improvement in fever,
vomiting, poor appetite, and pain in the liver area .
 DAMAGE TO LIVER FUNCTION 113

steaming, enabling patients in that group to start the next

The average recovery time in the TCM treatment
!hen Hao
group was less than in the comparison group, thus course earlier.
n (Semen
zo (Herba

Corydalis

,s Inulae),
;u (Caulis

the third
.ent. One
)ction by
down to
rice a day.
As with
Western
ny symp-

gastro-
,,age

rence

with
un

'urposes) .

upleurum

;M treat-
the com-
in fever,
(fiver area .
 Damage to renal nction

Some chemotherapeutic agents used to treat cancer are toxic to the kidneys . The toxic
effect may occur very quickly as soon as treatment starts, or may be delayed, appearing dur-
ing longer-term administration or after treatment has been completed . Drugs most likely to
cause side-effects in the kidneys include cisplatin (cis-diaminodichloroplatin) and large
doses of methotrexate . Long-term use of lomustine, carmustine and mitomycin may also
result in renal damage .
The main renal changes include focal necrosis or pronounced dilatation of the renal
tubules and cast formation . Pathological changes manifest as glomerular sclerosis, renal
tubule atrophy and interstitial fibrosis ; renal failure may result . The vascular endothelium
of the kidneys may be damaged during radiotherapy for abdominal tumors, resulting ini-
tially in a decrease in the cells in the proximal tubules and later in kidney damage due to a
reduction in the number of renal stromal cells .

Etiology and pathology

In TCM, there are still no generally acknowledged criteria for grouping the rather compli-
cated manifestations of renal damage caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy .

Edema as the main clinical manifestation

The Kidneys govern Water, and control urine and stool . If the Kidneys are damaged by
Heat Toxins, they become Deficient ; Qi transformation breaks down, with the resulting
loss of control over urine and stool . This leads to the collection and stagnation of Water
and Dampness, which impairs the Stomach's absorption function and the Spleen's trans-
portation function, thus disturbing the normal upward and downward movement of Qi
and causing such symptoms as nausea and vomiting, poor appetite, and fullness and disten-
tion in the stomach . Water-Qi intimidating the Heart leads to oppression in the chest, pal-
pitations, lack of strength, and dizziness .
In severe cases, when Kidney Yin is depleted and Kidney Qi Deficient, the Kidneys
cannot store the Essence and govern Water . This manifests mainly as aching and pain in
the lower back, scant urine and edema, or blood in the urine due to Heat pouring down to
the Lower Burner . In the most serious cases, anemia will occur due to impairment of the
Kidneys' function of governing the bones and generating Marrow .
During radiotherapy, disturbance of local blood circulation will lead to Blood stasis,
which can affect Qi transformation in the Triple Burner and the Kidneys' function of
governing opening and closing, resulting in inhibited urination and edema .

116 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Blood in the urine as the main clinical
manifestation
Blood in the urine is mainly caused by pathogenic
Heat or Dryness damaging the Blood vessels and
network vessels, or by Heat disturbing the Xue level
and damaging Kidney Yin, resulting in the frenetic
movement of Blood . For Deficiency patterns, the
treatment principle of enriching Yin and cooling
the Blood should be adopted ; for Excess patterns,
treat by clearing Heat and draining Fire.
Blood in the urine is often accompanied by a
burning sensation or pain during urination with
scant, dark-colored urine . Blood may be visible to
the naked eye or may only be detected under the
microscope. Accompanying signs include a dry
mouth, a red tongue, and a rapid pulse .
Clinical manifestations
At the early stage, damage to the kidneys manifests
as edema, anemia and fatigue . In some cases, there
may be dizziness, nausea and vomiting, hyperten-
sion or a hemorrhagic tendency. At the acute stage,
oliguria or polyuria may occur. In severe cases, there
may be oliguria or anuria with eventual renal failure .
Some patients may have hematuria .
General treatment methods
Materia medica for promoting urination are used to
prevent kidney damage caused by radiotherapy or
chemotherapy. In Chinese medicine, there are a
number of herbs for benefiting the movement of
Dampness through bland percolation . Modern
pharmacological studies have proven that some
materia medica for invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, fortifying the Spleen and
augmenting Qi, warming and supplementing Kid-
ney Yang, and clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity
also have diuretic functions.G° This discovery is con-
sistent with TCM theories on treatment principles
and pattern identification .
It is difficult to give an estimate of the length of
treatment required ; mild edema may disappear after
treatment for 3-4 weeks, whereas for severe cases
such as edema due to obstruction of lymphatic re-
turn, it may take up to two years . In the most severe
cases, normal function may not be recovered .
Commonly used materia medica
• Materia medica for benefiting the movement of
Dampness through bland percolation, resulting in
diuresis
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
Zhu Zing (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati)
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis)
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis)
CheQian Cao (Herba Plantaginis)
Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi)
Yu Mi Xu (Stylus Zeae Mays)
Dan Zhu Ye (Folium Lophatheri Gracilis)
Qu Mai (Herba Dianthi)
• Materia medica for invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis with diuretic functions
San Qi (Radix Notoginseng)
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei)
Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae)
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Materia medica for fortifying the Spleen and
augmenting Qi with diuretic functions
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
• Materia medica for warming and supplementing
Kidney Yang with diuretic functions
Lu Kong$ (Cornu Cervi Parvum)
Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis)
RDu Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae)
• Materia medica for clearing Heat and relieving
Toxicity with diuretic functions
Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae)
Ban Bian Lian (Herba Lobeliae Chinensis cum
Radice)


DAMAGE TO RENAL FUNCTION 117

ere cases LianQiao (Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae) complexion, poor appetite, lack of strength, disten-
thatic re- Ku Shen (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis) sion and fullness in the abdomen, and loose stools .
st severe Jin Qian Cao (Herba Lysimachiae) The tongue body is pale with tooth marks ; the pulse
:d . Yu Xing Cao (Herba Houttuyniae Cordatae) is deep and thready.
Yin Chen Hao (Herba Arte nisiae Scopariae)
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) HERBAL MEDICINE
anent of Chan Sut (Venenum Bufonis)
Wilting in Treatment principle
Other materia medica with proven diuretic
Fortify the Spleen, augment Qi and benefit the
functions
movement of water.
Chang Chun Hua (Herba Catharanthi Rosei)
Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae) Prescription
Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis) SHEN LING BAI ZHU SAN HE WU LING
Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) SAN JIA JIAN
Chuan Shan Long (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Nipponicae) Ginseng, Poria and White Atractylodes Powder
Qin Pi (Cortex Fraxini) Combined With Poria Five Powder, with modifica-
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) tions
Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis)
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
Sang Ji Sheng (Ramulus Loranthi)
lood and Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Ma Huang* (Herba Ephedrae)
ctions Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Shang Lu (Radix Phytolaccae)
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) I Og
Commonly used acupuncture points Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 30g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
BL-20 Pishu
Lian Zi (Semen Nelumbinis Nuciferae) 30g
)sae) ST 36 Zusanli
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
ae ST 25 Tianshu
Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae) 6g
CV 12 Zhongwan
SP-9 Yinlingquan
CV-3 Zhongji Explanation
Been and BL-28 Pangguangshu • HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari), Dang
BL-22 Sanjiaoshu Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae), Shan Yao
SP-6 Sanyinjiao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae), Fu Ling
BL-40 Weizhong (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos), Bai Zhu (Rhizoma
Atractylodis Macrocephalae), Lian Zi (Semen
Nelumbinis Nuciferae), and Gan Cao (Radix
ementing Pattern identification and Glycyrrhizae) fortify the Spleen and augment
Qi.
treatment principles • Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Retici lintae) regu-
lates Qi and harmonizes the Stomach .
EDEMA AS THE MAIN CLINICAL • Gui Zbi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae) warms
MANIFESTATION Yang and transforms Qi.
relieving
SPLEEN DEFICIENCY Modification
:ae) For severe edema, add Zhu Ling (Sclerotium Poly-
Isis cum Main symptoms and signs pori Umbellati) 10g and Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis
Edema accompanied by a pale yellow facial Orientalis) 10g to strengthen the diuretic effect.

118 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen, augment Qi and benefit the
movement of water.
Points : BL-20 Pishu, LR-13 Zhangmen, ST 36
Zusanli, ST-25 Tianshu, CV-12 Zhongwan, and
SP-9 Yinlingquan .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the
even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
Apply moxibustion if required .
Explanation
• BL-20 Pishu and LR-13 Zhangmen, the
back-shu and front-mu points related to the
Spleen, fortify the Spleen and augment Qi to
assist the Spleen's transportation and transfor-
mation function.
• SP-9 Yinlingquan benefits the movement of
Dampness throughout the body and eliminates
Water and Dampness .
• ST-36 Zusanli, ST-25 Tianshu and CV 12
Zhongwan fortify the Spleen and boost the
Stomach, supplement Qi and benefit the move-
ment of water.
• Applying moxibustion at these points will warm
Yang and transform Qi .
BLOOD STASIS
Main symptoms and signs
Inhibited urination and edema ; accompanying signs
include a dark facial complexion, purple lips, stasis
marks on the tongue, and a wiry and rough pulse.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Invigorate the Blood, transform Blood stasis and
benefit the movement of water .
Prescription
SHAO FU ZHU YU TANG HE WU PI YIN
JIA JIAN
Decoction for Expelling Stasis from the Lower
Abdomen Combined With Five-Peel Beverage, with
modifications
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 6g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 1 Og
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Wu Ling Zha4 (Excrementum Trogopteri) 1 Og
Pu Huang (Pollen Typhae) 1 Og
Chuan Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) 30g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g
Sheng Jiang Pi (Cortex Zingiberis Officinalis Rhizo-
matis) 10g
Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis) 1 Og
Da Fu Pi (Pericarpium Arecae Catechu) 1 Og
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 1 Og, wrapped
Shui Hong Hua Zi (Fructus Polygoni) 1 Og
Explanation
• Shao Fu Zhu Yu Tang Jia Jian (Decoction for Ex-
pelling Stasis from the Lower Abdomen, with
modifications), which consists of Chuan Xiong
(Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong), Chi Shao (Radix
Paeoniae Rubra), Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae
Sinensis), Wu Ling ZhA (Excrementum Trogop-
teri), Chuan Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidenta-
tae), and Pu Huang (Pollen Typhae), invigorates
the Blood and transforms Blood stasis .
• Wu Pi Yin Jia Jian (Five-Peel Beverage, with
modifications), which consists of Chen Pi (Peri-
carpium Citri Reticulatae), Sheng Jiang Pi (Cortex
Zingiberis Officinalis Rhizomatis), Sang Bai Pi
(Cortex Mori Albae Radicis), Da Fu Pi (Pericar-
pium Arecae Catechu), Che Qian Zi (Semen
Plantaginis), and Shui Hong Hua Zi (Fructus Po-
lygoni), benefits the movement of water and
percolates Dampness .
Modification
For severe Blood stasis, add Tao Ren (Semen Persi-
cae) 10g and Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii)
I Og to strengthen the Blood-invigorating function .
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION
Treatment principle
Invigorate the Blood, transform Blood stasis and
benefit the movement of water .


DAMAGE TO RENAL FUNCTION 119

age, with Points: CV-3 Zhongji, ST 25 Tianshu, CV-6 Qihai, Explanation

BL-23 Shenshu, BL-28 Pangguangshu, BL-22 San- • Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos), Zhu Ling
jiaoshu, and SP-6 Sanyinjiao. (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati), Ze Xie (Rhi-
;) 6g zoma Alismatis Orientalis), and Tong Cao (Me-
Technique: Use filiform needles and apply the dulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) benefit the move-
even method. Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes . ment of Dampness by bland percolation.
g Apply moxibustion if required . Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
and Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi)
e) 30g Explanation fortify the Spleen and dry Dampness .
• ST 25 Tianshu, CV -6 Qihai and SP-6 Sanyinjiao • Hua Shit (Talcum) and Gan Cao (Radix Glycyr-
s Rhizo- regulate Qi, invigorate the Blood and transform rhizae) benefit the movement of water and free
Blood stasis . Lin syndrome .
• CV-3 Zhongji, BL-28 Pangguangshu, BL-22
Sanjiaoshu, and BL-23 Shenshu benefit the
movement of Water to disperse swelling. Modification
For severe Yang Deficiency, add Fu Pen Zi (Fructus
• Moxibustion can be applied to promote blood
circulation and disperse . swelling. Rubi Chingii) 10g to strengthen the effect in warm-
ing Yang
i for Ex- WATER AND DAMPNESS
Len, with ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION
an Xiong Main symptoms and signs
ao (Radix Treatment principle
Edema, abdominal fullness, loose stool, and inhib-
\ngelicae ited urination. The tongue body is pale and enlarged Benefit the movement of Dampness and disperse
Trogop- with a greasy coating ; the pulse is soggy . swelling.
Bidenta-
Points : BL-20 Pishu, SP-9 Yinlingquan, CV-3
vigorates
HERBAL MEDICINE Zhongji, ST-25 Tianshu, CV-12 Zhongwan, and
ge, with ST 36 Zusanli.
Treatment principle
Pi (Peri- Technique: Use filiform needles and apply the
Benefit the movement of Dampness by bland per-
(Cortex even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
ig Bai Pi colation and dispel water.
Apply moxibustion if required .
(Pericar-
Prescription
(Semen
WU LING SAN HE LIU YI SAN JIA JIAN Explanation
ictus Po-
Poria Five Powder Combined With Six-To-One • BL-20 Pishu and SP-9 Yinlingquan benefit the
ater and
Powder, with modifications movement of Dampness by fortifying the
Spleen .
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
• CV-3 Zhongji, the front-mu point related to the
Zhu ling (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati) 15g
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 30g Bladder, disperses swelling by promoting urina-
en Persi-
rinctorii) Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g tion .
Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) 6g, added ST-25 Tianshu, CV-12 Zhongwan and ST-36
nction.
toward the end of the decoction process Zusanli fortify the Spleen and Stomach to assist
Hua Shit (Talcum) 15g, wrapped the transportation and transformation of water
T and Dampness.
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g • Moxibustion at these points transforms Qi and
Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) 6g moves water.
tasis and

120 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
BLOOD IN THE URINE AS THE MAIN
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
DEFICIENCY HEAT
Main symptoms and signs
Short voidings of reddish urine with bright red
blood, sometimes accompanied by tinnitus, mental
fatigue, a dry mouth with no desire for drinks, irri-
tability due to Deficiency, insomnia, and limpness
and aching in the lower back and knees . The tongue
body is red with a scant coating ; the pulse is thready
and rapid .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Enrich Yin and cool the Blood .
Prescription
XIAO JI YIN ZI JIA JIAN
Field Thistle Drink, with modifications
Xiao Ji (Herba Cephalanoploris seu Cirsii) 15g
Pu Huang Tan (Pollen Typhae Carbonisatum) 10g
Ou Jie (Nodus Nelumbinis Nuciferae Rhizoma-
tis) 1Og
Hua Ship (Talcum) 30g, wrapped
Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) 6g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 10g
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 1 Og
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Dan Zhu Ye (Folium Lophatheri Gracilis) 10g
Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae) 15g
Explanation
• Xiao Ji (Herba Cephalanoploris seu Cirsii), Ou
Jie (Nodus Nelumbinis Nuciferae Rhizomatis),
Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae),
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis), and Pu
Huang Tan (Pollen Typhae Carbonisatum) clear
Heat, cool the Blood and stop bleeding .
• Hua Shi$ (Talcum) and Tong Cao (Medulla Tetra-
panacis Papyriferi) benefit the movement of
water and free Lin syndrome .
• Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
enriches Yin and cools the Blood.
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) nourishes
the Blood .
• Dan Zhu Ye (Folium Lophatheri Gracilis) clears
Deficiency-Heat.
• Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) regulates and
harmonizes the properties of the other ingre-
dients .
Modification
For severe internal Heat due to Yin Deficiency, add
Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis)
1 Og, Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 10g, Xian He
Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) 1 Og, and SanQi Fen
(Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 6g, infused, to
strengthen the effect in clearing Heat and stopping
bleeding.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Clear Heat, cool the Blood and stop bleeding.
Points : CV-3 Zhongji, SP-6 Sanyinjiao, KI-3 Taixi,
BL-28 Pangguangshu, BL-22 Sanjiaoshu, and BL-40
Weizhong.
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the
even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
Explanation
• CV-3 Zhongji, BL-28 Pangguangshu, BL-22
Sanjiaoshu, and BL-40 Weizhong clear Damp-
Heat in the Bladder and stop bleeding .
• SP-6 Sanyinjiao and KI-3 Taixi enrich Yin and
clear Heat.
EXCESS-HEAT
Main symptoms and signs
Hot reddish urine with a sensation of burning pain,
irritability, thirst with a desire for drinks, a red facial
complexion, mouth ulcers, and dry stool . The tongue
body is red with a yellow coating ; the pulse is win,
and rapid.

HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and drain Fire .
Prescription
DAO CHI SAN JIA JIAN
Powder for Guiding Out Reddish Urine, with modi-
fications
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) 6g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Dan Zhu Ye (Folium Lophatheri Gracilis) 1 Og
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 10g, added 10
minutes before the end of the decoction process
Juan Bai (Herba Selaginellae) 1 Og
Hai fin Sha (Spora Lygodii Japonici) 15g, wrapped
finQan Cao (Herba Lysimachiae) 30g
Ce Bai Ye Tan (Cacumen Biotae Orientalis Carboni-
saturn) 10g
Xue Yu Tan* (Crinis Carbonisatus Hominis) 10g
Huang Qin Tan (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis Car-
bonisata) 10g
Explanation
• Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
and Juan Bai (Herba Selaginellae) clear Heat and
cool the Blood .
• fin Qian Cao (Herba Lysimachiae), Hai fin Sha
(Spora Lygodii Japonici) and Tong Cao (Medulla
Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) clear Heat and free Lin
syndrome .
• Ce Bai Ye Tan (Cacumen Biotae Orientalis Car-
bonisatum), Xue Yu Tant (Crinis Carbonisatus
Hominis) and Huang Pin Tan (Radix Scutel-
lariae Baicalensis Carbonisata) clear Heat and
stop bleeding.
• Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) clears Heat
and drains downward .
• Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) and Dan Zhu Ye
(Folium Lophatheri Gracilis) guide Heat out
with the urine.
Modification
For exuberant Heat, add Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae
Jasminoidis) I Og and Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis)
6g to strengthen the Heat-clearing effect .
DAMAGE TO RENAL FUNCTION 121
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and drain Fire .
Points : BL-27 Xiaochangshu, BL-15 Xinshu, ST-25
Tianshu, HT-6 Yinxi, CV-3 Zhongji, BL-28 Pang-
guangshu, and BL-40 Weizhong.
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the
reducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes . Bloodletting can be applied at BL-40 Wei-
zhong.
Explanation
• BL-27 Xiaochangshu and BL-15 Xinshu drain
Fire in the Heart and Small Intestine .
• CV-3 Zhongji and BL-28 Pangguangshu clear
Heat in the Bladder.
• ST 25 Tianshu frees the bowels and drains
Heat.
HT-6 Yinxi, the xi (cleft) point of the Heart
channel, and BL-40 Weizhong are very effective
for clearing Heat and draining Fire .
Clinical observation reports
TREATMENT WITH JIAN PI LI SHI KE LI
(GRANULES FOR FORTIFYING THE
SPLEEN AND BENEFITING THE
MOVEMENT OF DAMPNESS)
Mai Guofeng et al . observed the effect of Jian Pi Li
Shi Ke Li (Granules for Fortifying the Spleen and
Benefiting the Movement of Dampness), produced
by Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical Company, in
protecting against potential renal damage due to
cisplatin administered during chemotherapy 61
Groups: The authors divided 86 patients randomly
into two groups according to the date of admission
to hospital :
• 43 patients, 12 male and 31 female, with ages
ranging from 37 to 63 (mean age : 57 .3), were placed
in a TCM plus chemotherapy treatment group.
There were 18 cases of non-small-cell lung cancer,
9 of breast cancer, 2 of ovarian cancer, 11 of

nasopharyngeal cancer and 3 of esophageal cancer .
The TCM treatment consisted of Jian Pi Li Shi Ke
Li (Granules for Fortifying the Spleen and Benefit-
ing the Movement of Dampness) .
• 43 patients, 22 male and 21 female, with ages
ranging from 27 to 62 (mean age : 53), were placed
in a chemotherapy-only group . This group con-
sisted of 32 cases of non-small-cell lung cancer and
11 of breast cancer.
Chemotherapy regimes (three-week cycle)
• NP regime : 20-30mg/m 2 of NVB (vinorelbine,
also known as Navelbine®) once a day, for
eight days ; 80mg/m2 of DDP (cisplatin) on
the first and second days .
• CAP regime : 600mg/m 2 of CTX (cyclophos-
phamide) once a day for one week ; 50mg/m 2
of AMD (doxorubicin) once a day for one
week; 80mg/m 2 of DDP (cisplatin) on the
third and fourth days.
• PFP regime : 80mg/m 2 of DDP (cisplatin) on
the first and second days, 400mg/m 2 of 5-Fu
(5-fluorouracil) once a day, for five days; 8mg
of PYM (pingyangmycin) once every two days,
given six times in total .
In addition, both groups of patients were given a
fluid infusion of 2000ml of glucose and 0 .9% saline
over 10-12 hours every day, and an intravenous in-
fusion of 20mg of furosemide was given before
and after each chemotherapy session . During che-
motherapy, patients drank 1500m1 of water to re-
duce toxic reaction and supplement fluids .
TCM treatment
Prescription
JIAN PI LI SHI KE LI
Granules for Fortifying the Spleen and Benefiting
the Movement of Dampness
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 1 Og
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 1 Og
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) 3g
Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) 6g
Huo Xiang (Herba Agastaches seu Pogostemi) 20g
Zhu Ling (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati) 20g
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 20g
Bai Bian Dou (Semen Dolichoris Lablab) 30g
Yi Yi .peen (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 6-18g, depend-
ing on the number of bowel movements per day
(three movements, 6g; one movement or no move-
ment, 18g)
One bag per day of the ingredients was used to
prepare the granules, which were then dissolved in
300m1 of water; 150m1 of the liquid was taken in
the morning and 150m1 in the afternoon . The
medication was taken from the day before the start
of chemotherapy until the day after completion of
each of the four three-week courses .
Results
The results of routine renal function tests before
and after treatment (see Table 4-3) did not indicate
any significant difference in BUN (blood urea
nitrogen) and creatinine in the TCM plus chemo-
therapy treatment group (P>0.05) . However, the
difference was significant in the group treated with
chemotherapy only (P<0.01) .
Conclusion
The authors suggest that the materia medica for
fortifying the Spleen and benefiting the movement
of Dampness used in this formula have a long-term
action in promoting urination and also protect the
functions of the Kidneys .
Explanation of the prescription
• HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari), Dang
Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) and Zhi
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) fortify the Spleen to enable it to protect
the functions of the Kidneys .
• Huo Xiang (Herba Agastaches seu Pogostemi)
aromatically transforms Dampness .

Table 4-3 Effect ofJian Pi Li Shi Ke Li (Granules for Fortifying the Spleen and Benefiting the Movement of Dampness) on the renal
function ofpatients undergoing chemotherapy
Group Time
BUN (mmolL)
TCM plus chemo- Before the first cycle
therapy group Two weeks after com-
(43 patients) pletion of the fourth
cycle
Chemotherapy-only Before the first cycle
group Two weeks after com-
(43 patients) pletion of the fourth
cycle
• Zhu Ling (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati), Ze
Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis), Bai Bian
Dou (Semen Dolichoris Lablab), and Yi Yi Ben
(Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) benefit the
movement of water and percolate Dampness
to fortify the Spleen and Stomach and support
their transportation function .
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) and Hou Po
(Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) eliminate
constipation induced by chemotherapy drugs
to free Qi in the Fu organs .
Empirical formulae
In recent years, materia medica for warming and
supplementing Kidney Yang, invigorating the Blood
and transforming Blood stasis, clearing Heat and
relieving Toxicity have achieved good results in
laboratory tests in the treatment of damage to the
renal function resulting in proteinuria and increased
levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) . This method
is now also used in the clinic in addition to treat-
ment based on pattern identification .
1 . Use of Yi Shen Tang (Decoction for Boosting the
Kidneys) developed by the Shanxi TCM Research
Institute can significantly reduce creatinine and
blood urea nitrogen . 62
Ingredients
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 1 Og
DAMAGE TO RENAL FUNCTION 123
Renal function
Creatinine (µmol/L)
4.86±0 .93 94.38±25 .68
5.13±0 .99 93.24±25 .31
5.08±0.95 94 .03±26 .25
7.27±1 .87 123 .31±26 .85
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 6g
Tao Ben (Semen Persicae) 1 Og
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) 1 Og
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 20g
Yi Mu Cao (Herba Leonuri Heterophylli) 30g
fin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) 15g
Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae) 20g
Ban Lan Gen (Radix Isatidis seu Baphicacanthi) 15g
Zi Hua Di Ding (Herba Violae Yedoensitis) 15g
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction,
taken twice a day.
After the decoction had been taken for a month,
proteinuria had disappeared and creatinine and
blood urea nitrogen had become normal. Labora-
tory tests indicated that application of the combina-
tion of materia medica for invigorating the Blood
and transforming Blood stasis and materia medica
for clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity in the de-
coction can increase the amount of renal blood
flow and reduce inflammation .
2. Tianjin TCM Hospital formulated the following
basic prescription to treat proteinuria :63
Yi Mu Cao (Herba Leonuri Heterophylli) 1 Og
Chan Tuii (Periostracum Cicadae) 6g
Hai Zao (Herba Sargassi) 1Og
Kun Bu (Thallus Laminariae seu Eckloniae) 10g
Modifications
1 . For Yang Deficiency, Ba Ji Tian (Radix Morin-
dae Officinalis) 10g, Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae)
124 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
30g, Rou Cong Rong (Herba Cistanches Deser-
ticolae) 10g, Xian Mao (Rhizoma Curculiginis
Orchioidis) 10g, and Yin Yang Huo (Herbs
Epimedii) 1 Og were added .
For Yin Deficiency, Sheng DI Huang (Radix
Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 10g, Shu DI Huang
(Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita) 10g,
Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 10g, Han
Lian Cao (Herba Ecliptae Prostratae) 10g, Sang
Shen (Fructus Mori Albae) 10g, Gou Qi Zi
(Fructus Lycii) 10g, and E Jian$ (Gelatinum
Corii Asini) 1 Og were added .
3. For Damp-Heat, Huang Bai (Cortex Phello-
dendri) 6g, CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 1 Og,
wrapped, Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis)
15g, Zhu Ling (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati)
15g, Qu Mai (Herba Dianthi) 10g, Bian Xu
(Herba Polygoni Avicularis) 10g, Ban Zhi Lian
(Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 10g, Lian Qiao
(Fructus Forsythias Suspensae) 15g, and Bai
Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae)
20g were added.
3 . In Xiyuan Hospital in Beijing, proteinuria was
treated with a combination of Dang Gui Sbao Yao
San Jia Jian (Chinese Angelica Root and Peony
Powder), Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan Jia Jian (Cinnamon
Twig and Poria Pill) and Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang Jia Jian
(Decoction for Expelling Stasis from the House of
Blood), all with modifications .M
Ingredients
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 1 Og
Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae) 1Og
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae) 1 Og
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) 1 Og
Chuan Niu Xi (Radix Cyathulae Officinalis) 1 Og
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) 10g
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 6g
One bag per day is used to prepare a decoction,
taken twice a day.
4 . Professor Yue Meizhong of the Academy of
Traditional Chinese Medicine created a formula to
treat edema and proteinuria, Qian Shi He Ji (Euryale
Seed Mixture) ; this formula also supplements the
Spleen and Kidneys .`'
Treatment principle: fortify the Spleen and bene-
fit the movement of Water, supplement the Kid-
neys and consolidate the Essence .
Ingredients
Qian Shi (Semen Euryales Ferocis) 30g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 15g
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 20g
Pi Pa Ye (Folium Eriobotryae Japonicae) 1 Og
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) I Og
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 20g
Jin Ying Zi (Fructus Rosae Laevigatae) 15g
Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati) 15g
Bai He (Bulbus Liiii) 15g
One bag per day is used to prepare a decoction,
taken twice a day.
 Radiation pneumonitis
10g
tosae) 15g

ng) bg
decoction,

ademy of
Radiation damage to the lungs can occur when undergoing chest radiotherapy for lung,
ormula to esophageal or breast cancer, mediastinal tumors and Hodgkin's disease . The irradiation acts
Ti (Euryale
primarily on type II cells of the pulmonary alveoli, causing a gradual decrease in the active
ments the substances of the cells, and possibly their total disappearance . Thus, the protection of the
alveolus is weakened, and the alveoli will be atrophic .
and bene- During the three to four weeks of radiotherapy, most patients experience profuse local
the Kid- exudate, inflammatory cell infiltration, edema in the interstitial tissue of the alveoli, col-
lapse of the alveoli, and proliferation of collagen fibers . If radiotherapy is suspended at
this time, the inflammation can resolve and the pulmonary tissue will return to normal. If
the damage continues, there will be progressive vascular sclerosis, replacement of pulmo-
nary tissue by fibrous tissue (pulmonary fibrosis), obstruction of the bronchioles by accu-
mulation of secretion, and disappearance of tissue elasticity .
aalae) 15g

:) 15g Etiology and pathology

The Lungs are a delicate organ and like to be moist . They govern diffusion and depurative
Og downward-bearing. In most instances, radiation pneumonitis comes into the category of
log Lung Yin Deficiency patterns, as radiation Toxins result in pulmonary fibrosis and secon-
.Og dary inflammation to damage Lung Yin, with symptoms such as dry cough and expectora-
tion of blood being the basis for pattern identification .

decoction,
Clinical manifestations
The main clinical manifestations include dry cough, expectoration of blood, pain and op-
pression in the chest, shortness of breath, and rapid breathing. If combined with infection,
there will be fever and cough with green, yellow or white phlegm .

General treatment methods

Radiation pneumonitis should be treated according to the principle of nourishing Yin and
moistening the Lungs.

Commonly used materia medica include

Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis)
Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis)


126 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER

Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) Shi Gaot (Gypsum Fibrosum) 30g, decocted for
Sang Ye (Folium Mori Albae) 15 minutes before adding the other ingredients
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) Sang Ye (Folium Mori Albae) 1 Og
Bai He (Bulbus T ilii) Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Yu Zhu (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati) Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) 15g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) Hei Zhi Ma (Semen Sesami Indici) 1 Og
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis) E Jiaoo (Gelatinum Core Asini) 10g, melted in the
prepared decoction
Commonly used acupuncture points include Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
BL-13 Feishu Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae) 1 Og
BL-15 Xinshu Pi Pa Ye (Folium Eriobotryae Japonicae) 1 Og
BL-20 Pishu
IC-3 Taixi
GV 14 Dazhui Explanation
LU-5 Chize • Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae), Sang Ye
PC-6 Neiguan (Folium Mori Albae) and Pi Pa Ye (Folium
Eriobotryae Japonicae) diffuse the Lungs and
Other patterns that may be involved include Blood- stop coughing.
Dryness, Heat Toxins retained in the Lungs, Shi Gaol (Gypsum Fibrosum), Gan Cao (Radix
Phlegm-Heat congesting the Lungs, and Lung and Glycyrrhizae) and Mai Men Dong (Radix
Kidney Deficiency. Ophiopogonis Japonici) clear Fire and generate
Body Fluids .
• Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) supple-
ments and augments Qi and Yin .
Pattern identification and
• E Jiaol (Gelatinum Corii Asini) and Hei Zhi Ma
treatment principles (Semen Sesami Indici) enrich Yin and moisten
Dryness.
INTERNAL HEAT DUE TO YIN
DEFICIENCY Modification
For relatively severe cough affecting sleep or rest,
Main symptoms and signs add herbs for constraining the Lungs and stopping
Dry cough with scant phlegm, thirst with no desire coughing such as Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae)
for drinks, dry throat and nose, generalized fever, 6g, Bai Bu (Radix Stemonae) 10g, Bai Guo (Semen
and irritability. The tongue body is red with a thin Ginkgo Bilobae) 10g, and Vu Mei (Fructus Pruni
white coating or the tongue is dry with no coating ; Mume) 10g.
the pulse is thready and rapid .

HERBAL MEDICINE ACUPUNCTURE

Treatment principle Treatment principle

Nourish Yin, moisten the Lungs and stop coughing . Nourish Yin, moisten the Lungs and stop coughing .

Prescription Points : LU-7 Lieque, KI-3 Taixi, KI-6 Zhaohai,

QING ZAO JIU FEI TANG JIA JIAN BL-13 Feishu, HT-6 Yinxi, and BL-15 Xinshu .
Decoction for Clearing Dryness and Rescuing the Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the
Lungs, with modifications even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes.


RADIATION PNEUMONITIS 127

cted for Explanation Explanation

:nts • The combination of LU-7 Lieque and KI-6 • Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae), Bei Sha
Zhaohai, both of which are jiao hui (confluence) Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) and Sang Bai Pi
points of the eight extraordinary vessels, treats (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis) moisten the Lungs
disorders of the throat, Lungs and Upper and generate Body Fluids .
Burner very effectively by nourishing Yin, mois- • HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) clears
:d in the tening the Lungs and stopping coughing. Heat in the Lungs and Large Intestine .
• E Jiao1 (Gelatinum Corii Asini), Mu Dan Pi (Cor-
• The combination of KI-3 Taixi and HT-6 Yinxi
ci) 15g tex Moutan Radicis) and Sheng Di Huang (Radix
clears Heat by enriching Yin.
Rehmanniae Glutinosae) cool the Blood and
• BL-13 Feishu and BL-15 Xinshu stop coughing stop bleeding, clear Heat and moisten Dryness.
by regulating Qi in the Upper Burner, Heart and • Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) and Gan
Lungs. Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) transform Yin with
bitterness, sourness and sweetness.
Sang Ye DAMAGE TO YIN DUE TO BLOOD • Che Qian Cao (Herba Plantaginis) guides Heat
(Folium downward and is very effective in treating
DRYNESS
wigs and Lung-Dryness and Heat in the Intestines .
Main symptoms and signs
to(Radix Itchy throat, dry cough, blood-streaked phlegm, Modification
(Radix distending pain in the chest and hypochondrium, a For exuberant Heat, add Shi Gaot (Gypsum Fibro-
generate sensation of burning heat in the chest and abdomen, sum) 30g and Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ning-
constipation, and short voidings of yellow or red- poensis) 10g to strengthen the Heat-clearing effect.
supple- dish urine. The tongue body is red with a yellow
coating; the pulse is wiry, thready and rapid .
i Zhi Ma ACUPUNCTURE
moisten
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Treatment principle Enrich Yin, cool the Blood, moisten Dryness and
Cool the Blood and moisten Dryness . stop coughing.
or rest,
Prescription Points: BL-13 Feishu, BL-17 Geshu, BL-15 Xinshu,
stopping
isandrae) E JIAO HUANG QIN TANG JIA JIAN SP-6 Sanyinjiao, KI-3 Taixi, GV 14 Dazhui, and
(Semen LU-5 Chize.
Donkey-Hide Gelatin and Scutellaria Decoction, with
us Pruni modifications Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the
even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes.
E Jiaot (Gelatinum Corii Asini) 10g, melted in the
prepared decoction
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 10g Explanation
Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae) 10g • BL-13 Feishu and BL-15 Xinshu stop coughing
Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis) 1 Og by regulating Qi in the Upper Burner .
• BL-17 Geshu is the hui (meeting) point of the
oughing. Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 1 Og
Blood and nourishes Yin by supplementing the
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g Blood .
Zhaohai, Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 10g
hu. • SP-6 Sanyinjiao and KI-3 Taixi moisten Dry-
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g ness by enriching Yin.
pply the CheQian Cao (Herba Plantaginis) 15g • GV 14 Dazhui and LU-5 Chize clear Heat and
ninutes. Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) 1 Og protect Body Fluids.

128 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
HEAT TOXINS RETAINED IN THE
LUNGS
Main symptoms and signs
Generalized fever, thirst, irritability and restlessness,
and constipation . The tongue body is red with a thin
yellow coating; the pulse is wiry, or large and surging.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and cool the Blood in the Ying level to
abate fever.
Prescription
YU NO JIAN JIA JIAN
Jade Lady Brew, with modifications
Shi Gaol (Gypsum Fibrosum) 30g, decocted for 15
minutes prior to adding the other ingredients
Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) l Og
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis) 10g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogoms Japonici) 15g
Dan Zhu Ye (Herba Lophatheri Gracilis) 1 Og
Lu Gen (Rhizoma Phragmitis Communis) 30g
Explanation
• Shi Gaol (Gypsum Fibrosum), Dan Zhu Ye
(Herba Lophatheri Gracilis) and Zhi Mu (Rhi-
zoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) clear Heat
in the Qi level.
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis),
•
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutino-
sae) and Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis
Japonici) nourish Yin and cool Blood in the
Ying level .
• Lu Gen (Rhizoma Phragmitis Communis) guides
Heat downward.
Modification
For constipation, add 10g of Da Huang (Radix et
Rhizoma Rhei) 10 minutes before the end of the
decoction process.
ACUPUNCTURE AND CUPPING THERAPY
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and cool the Blood in the Ying level to
abate fever.
Points: BL-1 3 Feishu, LI-11 Quchi, ST 25 Tianshu,
GV 14 Dazhui, LI-4 Hegu, BL-40 Weizhong, and
PC-6 Neiguan .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the
even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
Apply cupping therapy over the needles at BL-13
Feishu .
Explanation
• The Lungs and Large Intestine stand in an
interior-exterior relationship. LI-11 Quchi is the
he (uniting) point, ST-25 Tianshu the mu (col-
lecting) point and LI-4 Hegu the yuan (source)
point of the Large Intestine channel . The com-
bination of these three points frees the Fu or-
gans and drains Heat from the Intestines.
BL-13 Feishu and GV 14 Dazhui clear and
drain Heat retained in the Lungs.
• BL-40 Weizhong clears Heat in the Xue level.
PC-6 Neiguan clears the Heart and eliminates
irritability.
PHLEGM-HEAT CONGESTING THE
LUNGS
Etiology and pathology
Radiation pneumonitis as a result of pulmonary
fibrosis and impaired functioning of the lungs often
occurs with secondary infection . This condition is
caused by prolonged stagnation of pathogenic fac-
tors, which leads to breakdown of the Triple
Burner's Qi transformation function and the accu-
mulation of Body Fluids, thus resulting in
Phlegm-Fluids . It can also be due to intense Heat
binding with Phlegm to produce Phlegm-Heat,
which condenses Body Fluids to form Phlegm tur-
bidity When this is retained, it transforms into Heat
to produce this pattern .


RADIATION PNEUMONITIS 129

RAPY (Fructus Immaturus Cirri Aurantii) harmonize

Main symptoms and signs
the Middle Burner, regulate Qi and guide out
Cough with yellow phlegm, focal distension and
oppression in the chest and epigastrium, nausea, stagnation.
level to poor appetite, a red tongue body with a yellow and
greasy coating, and a wiry and slippery pulse. Modifications
Tianshu, 1 . For exuberant Heat in the Lungs, add Yu Xing
:)ng, and HERBAL MEDICINE Cao (Herba Houttuyniae Cordatae) 30g to
strengthen the effect of clearing Heat in the
Treatment principle Lungs.
pply the Clear Heat and transform Phlegm, harmonize the 2 . For blood-streaked phlegm, add Bai Ji* (Rhi-
minutes . Middle Burner and regulate Qi. zoma Bletillae Striatae) 1 Og, Xian He Cao (Herbs
it BL-13 Agrimoniae Pilosae) 1Og and Bai Mao Gen (Rhi-
Prescription zoma Imperatae Cylindricae) 30g .
WEN DAN TANG JIA JIAN
Decoction for Warming the Gallbladder, with ACUPUNCTURE
d in an modifications
:hi is the Treatment principle
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g Clear Heat and transform Phlegm, harmonize the
mu (col-
• Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata) Stomach and loosen the chest.
(source)
10g
'he com-
• Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g Points : BL-13 Feishu, LU-5 Chize, ST 40 Fenglong,
e Fu or-
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g BL-20 Pishu, PC-6 Neiguan, CV 12 Zhongwan, and
s. Zhi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii) 1 Og LU-1 Zhongfu .
tear and Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 10g
Huang,Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) I0g Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
level . Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 15g ducing method. Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
laminates Dan Nan Xing (Pulvis Arisaematis cum Felle Bovis)
10g Explanation
Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) 1 Og • Combining BL-13 Feishu and LU-1 Zhongfu,
E the front-mu and back-shu points related to the
Explanation Lungs, with LU-5 Chize, the Water point of the
• Dan Nan Xing$ (Pulvis Arisaematis cum Felle Lung channel, clears Heat and transforms
Bovis), Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Phlegm by regulating Lung Qi .
ilmonary Praeparata) and Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Re- • ST-40 Fenglong is a key point for dispelling
igs often ticulatae) clear Heat, transform Phlegm and dry Phlegm, and BL-20 Pishu limits the source of
Ldition is Dampness. Phlegm generation by fortifying the Spleen in its
enic fac- • Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) fortifies the
e Triple functions of transporting and transforming
Spleen, benefits the movement of Dampness
he accu- water and Dampness .
and transforms Phlegm .
lting in • PC-6 Neiguan and CV 12 Zhongwan loosen the
• Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) and Gua
ise Heat chest, regulate Qi and harmonize the Stomach .
Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) clear Heat and
,m-Heat, transform Phlegm .
egm tur- • HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) clears DEFICIENCY OF THE LUNGS AND
nto Heat and drains Heat in the Lungs . KIDNEYS
• Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae)
stops coughing and transforms Phlegm . Etiology and pathology
• Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) and Zhi Shi Fibrosis in radiation pneumonitis is an irreversible

130 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
process. In the long run, the respiratory function
will be impaired and the patient will be susceptible
to common colds and is more likely to suffer from
coughing and wheezing and shortness of breath .
The enduring illness will inevitably involve the
Kidneys, manifesting as symptoms of Lung and
Kidney Deficiency. The Lungs govern Qi, and the
Kidneys are the Root of Qi . When both of these
organs are damaged, taxation cough is very difficult
to treat ; hence, both the Lungs and the Kidneys
must be supplemented .
Main symptoms and signs
Enduring cough with scant but sticky and salty
phlegm, non-productive cough, shortage of Qi and
lack of strength, and rapid wheezing on exertion .
The tongue body is red or pale red with a thin coat-
ing ; the pulse is deep and thready .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Supplement the Lungs and boost the Kidneys .
Prescription
BAI HE GU JIN TANG JIA JIAN
Lily Bulb Decoction for Consolidating Metal, with
modifications
Bai He (Bulbus T llii) 15g
Sbeng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Shu DI Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) 15g
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis) 15g
Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis) 15g
Bai Bu (Radix Stemonae) 1 Og
Zhi Pi Pa Ye (Folium Eriobotryae Japonicae,
prepared) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
11"u TT"ei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) 1Og
Sang Shen (Fructus Mori Albae) 15g
Sang Piao Xiaot (Ootheca 1Viantidis) 1 Og
Ge jiec (Gekko) 15g
Explanation
Bai He (Bulbus Lilii) moistens the Lungs and
stops coughing.
• Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis)
nourishes Yin and clears Heat.
• Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
and Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutino-
sae Conquita) boost the Kidneys and moisten
Dryness .
• Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis), Bai Bu
(Radix Stemonae) and Pi ' i Pa Ye (Folium
Eriobotrvae Japonicae) transform Phlegm to
stop coughing.
• Sang Shen (Fructus Mori Albae), Sang Piao Xiaot
(Ootheca Mantidis) and Ge Jiet (Gekko) sup-
plement and boost the Lungs and Kidneys .
• Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) harmonizes the
Middle Burner and fortifies the Spleen .
• IVu IVei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) constrains the
Lungs and stops coughing.
Modifications
1 . For severe Qi Deficiency, add Huang Qi (Radix
Astragali seu Hedysari) 20g and Dang Shen
(Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g .
2. For profuse phlegm, add Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma
Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata) 1 Og, Chen Pi (Peri
carpium Citri Reticulatae) 10g and Fu Ling
(Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 20g to fortify the
Spleen, stop coughing and transform Phlegm .
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION
Treatment principle
Supplement the Lungs and boost the Kidneys .
Points : BL-13 Feishu, BL-23 Shenshu, CV-4
Guanyuan, ST-36 Zusanli, BL-20 Pishu, CV-17
Danzhong, and CV-6 Qihai.
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
inforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes . Apply moxibustion at CV-4 Guanyuan, CV-6
Qihai and ST-36 Zusanli.
Explanation
• CV 17 Danzhong, the hui (meeting) point of Qi,
supplements and regulates Qi .
• BL-23 Shenshu, CV-4 Guangyuan and CV-6


RADIATION PNEUMONITIS 131

Qihai supplement and boost Kidney Qi, calm Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) 20g
;poensis)
wheezing and promote Qi absorption. Lu Gen (Rhizoma Phragmitis Communis) 30g
BL-20 Pishu and ST-36 Zusanli nourish Lung Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae) 30g
itinosae) •
Glutino- and Kidney Qi by fortifying the Spleen and One bag was used to prepare a decoction, taken three
moisten Stomach and supplementing and boosting Later times a day .
Heaven . After 14 bags of the decoction, the symptoms of
• BL-13 Feishu supplements Lung Qi to calm radiation pneumonitis were much less pronounced .
), Bai Bu
wheezing and stop coughing . Based on the principle of not changing a prescription
(Folium if it is effective, the patient was told to continue with
legm to the decoction . After another 23 bags, all the symptoms
Case history disappeared .
'iao Xiaot A woman aged 35 underwent a thymus operation in
ko) sup- April 1987 to remove the left upper lobe after discovery Commentary
eys . of thymus gland cysts . Pathological diagnosis showed a TCM considers radioactive rays as Heat Toxins, which
malignant cancer of the thymus gland with infiltration of can scorch Lung Yin to desiccate Body Fluids and dry
sizes the
the lungs 6 5 the Lungs, gradually leading to atrophy of the lung
Several months after the operation, the patient was lobes . The prescription can therefore be explained as
rains the follows :
given radiotherapy with a daily total of 400cGy ; two
weeks after completion of the radiotherapy course, a • Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae), Mai
two-week chemotherapy course began with the FCP Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici), Xuan Shen
regime (5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin) . (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis), Tian Hua Fen
2i (Radix Two weeks after the end of chemotherapy, the patient (Radix Trichosanthis), and Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii)
started coughing scant, bloody phlegm . Other symptoms nourish Yin, cool the Blood and stop bleeding, and
ang Shen
and signs included oppression in the chest, shortness of abate fever .
breath, dry tongue and mouth, a red tongue body with a • Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) stops
Rhizoma coughing and transforms Phlegm .
scant coating, and a thready and rapid pulse . X-ray
Pi (Peri- • Bo He (Herba Menthae Haplocalycis) dears Heat,
examination indicated radiation pneumonitis and left
Fu Ling diffuses the Lungs and benefits the throat with its ac-
pleural effusion .
rtify the rid and dissipating properties ; it also prevents stagna-
hlegm . tion caused by enriching and moistening herbs with
Pattern identification
sweet and cold properties .
Yin Deficiency of the Lungs and Stomach .
• Chao Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae, stir-fried)
T
and Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) clear Heat and
Treatment principle
generate Body Fluids .
Clear Heat and relieve Toxicity, nourish Yin and moisten
• Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) moistens the
:ys. Dryness .
Lungs and generates Body Fluids .
• Lu Gen (Rhizoma Phragmitis Communis) and Bai
a, CV-4 Prescription
Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae) clear
CV 17 YANG YIN QING FEI TANG JIA JIAN Heat and promote urination to guide Heat down-
Decoction for Nourishing Yin and Clearing the Lungs, ward .
with modifications
.y the re-
)-30 min- Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 20g Clinical observation report
an, CV-6 Alai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis) 15g
Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) 12g TREATMENT ACCORDING TO PATTERN
Bo He (Herba Menthae Haplocalycis) 3g IDENTIFICATION
Chao Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae, stir-fried) 20g
nt of Qi, Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 9g Lu et al. reported on the effects of treating radia-
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis) 30g tion pneumonitis with Chinese medicine on the
ad CV-6 Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) 20g basis of pattern identification.66

132 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Groups: The authors treated 172 patients, 91 male
and 81 female, with radiation pneumonitis after ra-
diotherapy for tumors in the chest from March
1994 to September 1997 . Of the 172 patients, 33
had undergone surgery for removal of tumors be-
fore radiotherapy, 56 had also been given chemo-
therapy, 25 had a history of chronic bronchitis, and
51 had a history of smoking. On the Karnofsky
index, 68 patients scored 40-69, 104 scored 70-90 .
The patients were divided into two groups
• 112 patients aged from 32 to 78 (mean age :
54.25±10 .8) were placed in the TCM treatment
group.
• 60 patients, aged from 35 to 76 (mean age:
55.15±9 .8), were placed in a comparison group .
Method
All patients underwent CiOCo radiation ; the area irradi-
ated ranged from 75-225cm2 (an average area of
137.38±56.26cm2). Radiation pneumonitis occurred
14-189 days after the start of radiotherapy (average :
54.05±30 .00 days) after receiving a total amount of
radiation of 20-78Gy (average 53.90±12.46Gy) .
Sixty-seven patients were affected by radiation pneu-
monitis during radiotherapy, 105 after radiotherapy.
Criteria for diagnosis of radiation pneumonitis :
• history of radiotherapy for tumors in the chest
or currently undergoing radiotherapy
• symptoms not directly related to primary causes
including an irritating dry cough, oppression
and pain in the chest, and dyspnea, with some
patients presenting with severe cough, fever and
respiratory failure
• auscultation indicating dry and damp rale in the
irradiated area of the chest or shallow breathing
• X-rays showing a vague shadow on the lungs in
the irradiated area
The same general treatment was given to both
groups including rest, intravenous nutritional sup-
port, and oxygen inhalation . Radiotherapy was ter-
minated where radiation pneumonitis was severe .
Comparison group: Treatment was given with
Western medicine when radiation pneumonitis oc-
curred .
Patients manifesting with severe cough, fever
and respiratory failure were given oral administra-
tion of 60mg/day of prednisone.
• Patients manifesting with an irritating dry
cough, oppression and pain in the chest, and dysp-
nea were given an intravenous drip of 10mg/day of
dexamethasone.
The treatment continued for two weeks .
TCM TREATMENT
Within the TCM treatment group, patients were
identified by pattern :
Phlegm-Heat congesting the Lungs
Main symptoms and signs
Fever, cough with expectoration of yellow phlegm,
pain in the chest, rough breathing, a red tongue
body with a yellow coating, and a rapid pulse . This
is a pattern of Root Deficiency and Manifestation
Excess.
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and relieve Toxicity, stop coughing and
dispel Phlegm.
Ingredients
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 15g
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 15g
Qing Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelhae Ternatae Depurata) 15g
Zhe Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii) 1 Og
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 1 Og
Chao Xing Ken (Semen Pruni Armeniacae, stir-
fried) lOg
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) I Og
fin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) 30g
Yu Xing Cao (Herba Houttuyniae Cordatae) 15g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 15g
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 1 Og
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Modifications
1 . For high fever, Shi Gaot (Gypsum Fibrosum)
30g and Chan Tui$ (Periostracum Cicadae) 10g
were added .

2. For pain in the chest, Tan Hu Suo (Rhizoma
Corydalis Yanhusuo) 10g and Chuan Lian Zi
(Fructus Meliae Toosendan) 1 Og were added .
Lung Yin Deficiency due to accumulation
of Heat Toxins
Main symptoms and signs
Dry cough, low-grade fever, night sweating, a red
tongue body with a scant coating, and a thready and
rapid pulse.
Treatment principle
Moisten the Lungs and stop coughing .
Ingredients
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 12g
Bai He (Bulbus T,ilii) 12g
Xuan Shot (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis) 24g
Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) 1 Og
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) 1 Og
Chao Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae, stir-
fried) 10g
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 24g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Modifications
1 . For low-grade fever, Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Ane-
marrhenae Asphodeloidis) 10g, Di Gu Pi (Cor-
tex Lycii Radicis) 10g and Bie Jia* (Carapax
Arnydae Sinensis) 12g were added .
2. For blood-streaked phlegm, Xian He Cao (Herba
Agrimoniae Pilosae) 15g and Bai Mao Gen (Rhi-
zoma Imperatae Cylindricae) 1 Og were added.
Qi and Yin Deficiency due to damage to Qi
and Blood
Main symptoms and signs
A weak cough, mental fatigue and little desire to speak,
difficulty in breathing, and spontaneous sweating.
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and nourish Yin .
RADIATION PNEUMONITIS 133
Ingredients
Dong Chong Xia Caoo (Cordyceps Sinensis) 2g
Xi Yang Shen* (Radix Panacis Quinquefolii) 6g,
decocted separately
Mwi Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 10g
Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) 6g
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) 10g
Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) 1 Og
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 24g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 15g
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) 6g
Modification
For difficulty in breathing and severe wheezing on
exertion, Qing Dai (Indigo Naturalis) 6g, wrapped,
and Hai Ge Ke Fenl (Concha Meretricis seu Cyclinae,
powdered) 15g were added .
Blood stasis obstructing the network vessels
of the Lungs
Main symptoms and signs
Severe stabbing pain, a dull gray facial complexion,
dull purple lips and nails, and stasis spots and marks
on the tongue .
Treatment principle
Invigorate the Blood and transform Blood stasis .
Ingredients
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 15g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 10g
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 5g
Chuan Shan fiat (Squama Manitis Pentadactylae) 6g
Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati) 15g
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) 6g
Modification
For severe Blood stasis, San Leng (Rhizoma Spar-
ganii Stoloniferi) 9g and E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae)
9g were added.
134 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER

For all patterns, one bag per day was used to prepare a Results
decoction, taken twice a day for two weeks from the The main results are shown in Table 4-4 .
first occurrence of radiation pneumonitis .

Table 4 4 Evolution of rymptonrs and signs in the two groups

TCM treatment group (112 patients) Comparison group (60 patients)

Symptoms No . of Symptoms Symptoms No im- No . of Symptoms Symptoms No im-
and signs patients disappeared improved provement patients disappeared improved provement
(%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)
Cough 103 41 .75 47.57 10 .68 52 34 .62 55 .77 9 .61
Oppression 68 57 .35 35.30 7 .35 36 38 .88 44.45 16 .67
and pain in
the chest
Coughing of 67 55 .21' 41 .79 3 .00 33 33 .33 54 .55 12 .12
phlegm
Fever 79 68 .35 27.85 3 .80 38 65 .79 26 .32 7 .89
Dy spnea 33 38 .71 51 .61 9 .68 § 15 13 .33 53 .33 33 .34
Coughing of 24 66 .67 § 25 .00 8 .33 10 30 .00 50 .00 20 .00
blood
Rale 83 32 .53 56 .63 10.84 39 56 .41 35 .90 7 .69

Note: § = P<0.05 in relation to the comparison group (the t test was used for statistical purposes) .

Other results Conclusion and discussion

• Termination of radiotherapy : 67 patients were
affected by radiation pneumonitis during the radio-
therapy course, 41 patients (36 .6 percent) in the
TCM treatment group and 26 patients (43 .3 percent)
in the comparison group ; 13 patients (11 .6 percent)
terminated radiotherapy prematurely in the TCM
treatment group and 16 (26 .7 percent) in the com-
parison group (P<0.05) .
• Recurrence : Follow-up examination of 111
patients one month after termination of the radia-
tion pneumonitis treatment (73 in the TCM treat-
ment group and 38 in the comparison group) indi-
cated recurrence of radiation pneumonitis in 14
patients (19 .2 percent) in the TCM treatment group
and 17 patients (44 .7 percent) in the comparison
group (P<0 .01) .
• Deaths from underlying cancer : four patients
(3 .6 percent) in the TCM treatment group and
seven patients (11 .7 percent) in the comparison
group died (P<0 .01) .
In terms of improvement in the main symptoms
and signs, ability to finish the radiotherapy course,
recurrence of radiation pneumonitis and the death
rate, the authors suggested that patients in the TCM
treatment group fared significantly better than those
in the comparison group.
Currently there are no ideal drugs for the treat-
ment of radiation pneumonitis . In Western medi-
cine, treatment with corticosteroids is the main
method with the addition of antibiotics to control
infection and coughing, and oxygen inhalation .
Large doses can effectively relieve symptoms and
inhibit the development of pulmonary fibrosis, but
side-effects can be significant and include complica-
tion by infection, hemorrhage in the digestive tract,
and recurrence after termination of the drugs .
TCM considers radiation as a pathogenic
Fire-Heat Toxin, which can kill cancer cells but
which also consumes and damages Lung Yin, thus
affecting normal lung tissue. Damage to Lung Yin


RADIATION PNEUMONITIS 135

and scorching of the network vessels of the Lungs • Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) and Chao
is the basic pathology for radiation pneumonitis . Xing Ben (Semen Pruni Armeniacae, stir-fried)
The four basic formulae detailed above were for- moisten the Lungs and stop coughing.
mulated according to the patterns identified as • Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) and Chi
causing the radiation pneumonitis ; at the same time, Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) invigorate the
all the formulae contain materia medica for enrich- Blood and transform Blood stasis.
ing and nourishing Lung Yin, and for invigorating • Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) harmonizes the
40 im-
wement
the Blood and transforming Blood stasis. properties of the other ingredients.
(%) 3. Qi and Yin Deficiency
9 .61 Prescription explanations
Dong Chong Xia Cao1 (Cordyceps Sinensis), Xi
16 .67
1 . Phlegm-Heat congesting the Lungs Yang Shen* (Radix Panacis Quinquefolii), Mai
• fin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae), Yu Xing Cao Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici), Wu
(Herba Houttuyniae Cordatae) and Huang Qin
Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae), and Shi Hu*
(Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) clear Heat and
12 .12 (Herba Dendrobii) augment Qi and nourish
relieve Toxicity.
Yin .
• Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis), Qing Ban Xia
7 .89
(Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Depurata), Zhe Bei • Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) and Chi
33 .34 Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii), Chao Xing Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) invigorate the
20 .00 Ben (Semen Pruni Armeniacae, stir-fried), and Blood and transform Blood stasis.
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) stop • Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) and Zhi
7 .69 coughing and dispel Phlegm . Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
• Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) honey) dispel phlegm and stop coughing .
enriches and nourishes Lung Yin .
4. Blood stasis obstructing the network vessels of
• Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) and Mu Dan Pi
the Lungs
(Cortex Moutan Radicis) cool and invigorate
• Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae),
the Blood .
ymptoms Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra), Dang Gui
• Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) harmonizes the
)y course, properties of the other ingredients . (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Chuan Xiong (Rhi-
the death zoma Ligustici Chuanxiong), and Chuan Shan
the TCM 2. Lung Yin Deficiency fiat (Squama Manitis Pentadactylae) free the
han those • Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae), vessels, nourish and invigorate the Blood, and
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici), Bai transform Blood stasis.
the treat- He (Bulbus I .ili), Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophnlariae • Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati) and Zhi Gan
-rn medi- Ningpoensis), and Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritil- Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey)
the main lariae Cirrhosae) enrich and nourish Lung Yin . augment Qi and nourish Yin .
:o control
nhalation .
toms and
)rosis, but
complica-
;tive tract,
ugs.
athogenic
cells but
Yin, thus
Lung Yin
 Cardiotoxicity

Cardiotoxicity is a side-effect of chemotherapy and is usually associated with doxorubicin

(Adriamycin®) and other anthracyclines. It is generally considered that the cell toxicity of
these agents is due to combination with purified or natural DNA by incarceration in the
DNA molecule, thus hampering replication and repair. These agents also inhibit biosyn-
thesis of nucleic acid, and can form complexes with DNA molecules, either on their own
or when combined with iron . The strong free radicals produced via redox reaction will re-
act with the lipids of the cell membrane and cause damage, primarily to the myocardium .
Cardiotoxicity is characterized at the early stage as temporary and reversible electrocar-
diogram (ECG) abnormality such as tachycardia, extra systole, and arrhythmia, and then as
myocardial changes closely related to the accumulation of the drugs . Incidence of cardio-
myopathy is 3 .5 percent, 11 percent and 15 percent when the total cumulative drug dosage
reaches 400mg/m 2, 550mg/m2 and >700mg/m2 of body surface area respectivelyt Clini-
cally, cardiac toxicity generally manifests as arrhythmia, but in severe cases, acute or pro-
gressive cardiac failure may occur.

Etiology and pathology

In TCM, the Heart governs the Blood. Lack of Heart-Blood leads to fearful throbbing,
where anxiety causes the heart to beat violently . When Heart-Blood is Deficient, palpita-
tions will occur; the Heart is unsettled and the Spirit is deprived of its residence. Throb-
bing of the Heart may be due to shortage of Blood, which therefore cannot nourish the
Heart adequately ; shortage of blood can arise through a variety of pathologies outlined
below.

Clinical manifestations
The main manifestations are palpitations, anxiety, chest pain, oppression in the chest,
shortness of breath, and arrhythmia. ECG reveals extrasystole and changes in the ST-T
wave.

t For this reason, UK practice limits total cumulative doses to 400 mg/m 2.
138 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER

Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong)

General treatment methods Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae)
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
Since this condition is due to lack of Blood, which Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
fails to nourish the Heart adequately, the main Fu Iing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
treatment principle is to nourish the Heart and quiet
the Spirit, whilst treating the causes leading to this Commonly used acupuncture points include
state . Chemotherapy can damage the myocardium, HT-6 Yinxi
and in severe cases, cause changes in the ECG ; the KI-3 Taixi
blood and oxygen supply to the myocardium should PC-6 Neiguan
therefore also be increased and microcirculation BL-15 Xinshu
improved . BL-23 Shenshu
In TCM, cardiac arrhythmia is generally diag- BL-20 Pishu
nosed by taking the pulse and analyzing the subjec- ST 36 Zusanli
tive symptoms . Skipping, knotted and regularly CV 17 Danzhong
interrupted pulses share the common feature of CV 14 Juque
irregularity ; these pulses are often accompanied by LR-13 Zhangmen
palpitations and fearful throbbing. Therefore, dis- CV-6 Qihai
cussions in TCM literature on these manifestations SP-6 Sanyinjiao
can be used as references for the treatment of car- CV-4 Guanyuan
diac arrhythmia . ST-25 Tianshu
Irregular pulses, palpitations and fearful throb-
bing have many causes, in particular disharmony of
Qi and Blood, or Qi stagnation and Blood stasis, or Pattern identification and
internal accumulation of Phlegm-Fluids . However,
an irregular pulse related to damage to the myocar-
treatment principles
dium caused by chemotherapeutic agents is more
often due to obstruction of Qi and Blood and in- HEART YIN DEFICIENCY
sufficiency of Heart-Blood, and can be treated
mainly by regulating Qi and invigorating the Blood Main symptoms and signs
to nourish Heart-Blood . Palpitations, oppression in the chest, a sensation of
For severe cases of cardiotoxicity characterized heat in the palms and soles or low-grade fever, dry
by sharp pain in the precordial area, fever, dyspnea mouth, and night sweating . The tongue body is red
and edema, materia medica for invigorating the with a scant coating or no coating; the pulse is
Blood and transforming Blood stasis, augmenting thready or thready and rapid .
Qi and quieting the Spirit should be prescribed .
HERBAL_ MEDICINE
Commonly used materia medica include
Ben Shen (Radix Ginseng) Treatment principle
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) Enrich Yin and nourish the Blood, supplement the
Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) Heart and quiet the Spirit .
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) Prescription
Suan Zao Ben (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae) TIAN WANG BU XIN DAN JIA JIAN
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) Celestial Emperor Special Pill for Supplementing
Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae) the Heart, with modifications
E Jiaot (Gelatinum Corii Asini) Bai Zi Ben (Semen Biotae Orientalis) 15g

1g) Suan Zao Ren (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae) 30g
Tian Men Dong (Radix Asparagi Cochinchinensis) 15g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) 1Og
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
include Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) 6g, decocted separately
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 15g
Yuan Zhi (Radix Polygalae) 1 Og
Fu Shen (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos cum Ligno Hos
pite) 1Og
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis) 10g
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) 10g
Explanation
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae),
as the chief ingredient, enriches Yin and sup-
plements the Kidneys, and enters the Xue level
to nourish the Blood. As long as the Blood is
not Dry, Body Fluids will be moistened spon-
taneously.
• Tian Men Dong (Radix Asparagi Cochinchinen-
sis), Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Ja-
ponici) and Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae
Ningpoensis) enrich Yin and moisten Dryness
with cold and sweetness to clear Deficiency-
Fire .
• Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) and Dang
nsation of Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) supplement and
fever, dry nourish the Blood without causing stasis .
)ody is red • Fu Shen (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos cum Ligno
e pulse is Hospite) and Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) augment
Qi and quiet the Heart .
• Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae), Suan Zao Ren
(Semen Ziziphi Spinosae), Bai Zi Ren (Semen
Biotae Orientalis), and Yuan Zhi (Radix Poly-
galae) nourish the Heart and quiet the Spirit .
lement the • Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) carries the
other ingredients upward .
ACUPUNCTURE
v Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
:)lementing Treatment principle
Enrich Yin and nourish the Blood, supplement the
Heart and quiet the Spirit .
CARDIOTOXICITY 139
Points : HT-6 Yinxi, KI-3 Taixi, PC-6 Neiguan,
BL-1 5 Xinshu, and BL-23 Shenshu .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the
even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
Explanation
• BL-15 Xinshu and BL-23 Shenshu, the back-shu
points related to the Heart and Kidneys, enrich
and supplement Heart and Kidney Yin, nourish
the Blood and quiet the Spirit.
HT-6 Yinxi clears Heat and quiets the Spirit by
supplementing Heart Yin .
KI-3 Taixi, an important point for enriching
Yin throughout the body, supplements Kidney
Yin and nourishes Heart Yin .
• PC-6 Neiguan, one of the jiao hui (confluence)
points of the eight extraordinary vessels, is also
a very important point in treating disorders of
the Heart and chest, as it supplements the Heart
and quiets the Spirit.
HEART AND SPLEEN DEFICIENCY
Main symptoms and signs
Palpitations and shortness of breath aggravated by
exertion, fearful throbbing (see etiology and pa-
thology), forgetfulness, lassitude, and a lusterless
facial complexion. The tongue body is pale and
enlarged with a thin and white or white and greasy
coating; the pulse is thready and weak .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and supplement the Blood, fortify the
Spleen and nourish the Heart.
Prescription
GUI PI TANG JIA JIAN
Spleen-Returning Decoction, with modifications
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Long Yan Rou (Arillus Euphoriae Longanae) 15g
Suan Zao Ren (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae) 15g

140 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) 10g, decocted separately
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 6g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Yuan Zhi (Radix Polygalae) 1 Og
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) 6g
Explanation
• Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari), Ren
Shen (Radix Ginseng), Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Gly-
cyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey), and Bai Zhu
(Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) supple-
ment the Spleen and augment Qi with warmth
and sweetness.
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) nourishes
the Liver and supplements the Blood .
• Long Yan Rou (Arillus Euphoriae Longanae),
Suan Zao Ren (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae) and Fu
Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) nourish the
Heart and quiet the Spirit.
• Yuan Zhi (Radix Polygalae) promotes interaction
of the Heart and Kidneys, quiets the Heart and
stabilizes the Mind .
• Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) regu-
lates Qi and arouses the Spleen to reduce the
greasy and stagnating properties of the other
ingredients.
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and supplement the Blood, fortify the
Spleen and nourish the Heart .
Points: BL-15 Xinshu, BL-20 Pishu, ST-36 Zusanli,
PC-6 Neiguan, CV-17 Danzhong, CV 14 Juque, and
LR-13 Zhangmen .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
inforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes. Moxibustion can be applied at ST-36 Zusanli .
Explanation
• BL-15 Xinshu, BL-20 Pishu, CV-14 juque -and
LR-13 Zhangmen, the combination of the
back-shu and front-vu points related to the
Heart and Spleen, fortify the Spleen and nour-
ish the Heart .
• ST 36 Zusanli fortifies the Spleen to enrich the
source of generation and transformation of
Blood and Qi .
• CV 17 Danzhong, a Sea of Qi point, supple-
ments Qi and nourishes the Blood .
• PC-6 Neiguan quiets the Heart and Spirit .
QI AND YIN DEFICIENCY
Main symptoms and signs
Palpitations and fearful throbbing (see etiology and
pathology), oppression in the chest, shortness of
breath, irritability, insomnia, dry mouth and throat,
spontaneous sweating, and night sweating. The
tongue body is pale red or dry ; the pulse is thready
and weak .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and generate Body Fluids, constrain
Yin and stop sweating.
Prescription
SHENG MAI SAN JIA JIAN
Pulse-Generating Powder, with modifications
Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) 10g, decocted separately
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 159
Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) 15g
Huang Oi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 15g
E Jiaol (Gelatinum Corii Asini) 10g, melted in the
prepared decoction
Explanation
• Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) and Huang Qi (Radix
Astragali seu Hedysari) greatly supplement
Original Qi (Yuan Qi) .
• Mai Men Don,g (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici)
nourishes Yin with cold and sweetness .
• TVu lVei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae), sour in flavor,
constrains the Lungs and stops sweating .
• Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) invigo-
rates the Blood and transforms Blood stasis .


CARDIOTOXICITY 141

and nour- • E Jiao* (Gelatinum Corii Asini) supplements and Prescription

nourishes the Blood . GUI ZHI GAN CAO TANG JIA JIAN
enrich the Cinnamon Twig and Licorice Decoction, with
nation of ACUPUNCTURE modifications

Treatment principle Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae) 1Og

it, supple-
Augment Qi and generate Body Fluids, constrain Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Yin and stop sweating. Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
,irit .
honey) 10g
Points: ST-36 Zusanli, KI-3 Taixi, CV-6 Qihai, Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 15g
PC-6 Neiguan, SP-6 Sanyinjiao, BL-15 Xinshu, and Pao Fu ZI* (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli
BL-23 Shenshu . Tosta) 10g, decocted for 30-60 minutes before add-
iology and ing the other ingredients
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
)rtness of Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) 10g, decocted separately
inforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
.nd throat, utes . Duan Long Gut (Os Draconis Calcinatum) 30g, de-
sting. The cocted for 20-30 minutes before adding the other
is thready ingredients
Explanation Duan Mu Lid (Concha Ostreae Calcinata) 30g, de-
• ST 36 Zusanli and CV-6 Qihai supplement Qi, cocted for 20-30 minutes before adding the other
nourish the Blood and generate Body Fluids . ingredients
• KI-3 Taixi and SP-6 Sanyinjiao enrich and con-
strain Yin .
• BL-23 Shenshu and BL-15 Xinshu stop sweat- Explanation
constrain ing and settle palpitations by regulating and sup- • Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae) and Pao
plementing the Heart and Kidneys. Fu Zi* (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli
• PC-6 Neiguan quiets and regulates the Spirit, Tosta) warm and supplement Heart Yang.
and nourishes the Heart. • Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng), Zhi Gan Cao (Radix
Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey) and Da Zao
.ons
INSUFFICIENCY OF HEART YANG (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) supplement the Spleen
_parately and augment Qi .
aici) 159 Etiology • Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) augments
This pattern often occurs where there is pre-existing Yin and nourishes the Blood .
5g Qi and Yin Deficiency, with damage to Yin affecting • Duan Long Gut (Os Draconis Calcinatum) and
Yang, particularly where Yang Deficiency results . Duan Mu Lit (Concha Ostreae Calcinata) settle
lted in the Chemotherapy can damage Heart Yin, and enduring and subdue the Spirit .
damage to Heart Yin can damage Heart Yang.
Note : Fu Zz* (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli
Main symptoms and signs Praeparata) may be replaced by Fu Pen Zi (Fructus
Palpitations, shortness of breath, a pale and luster- Rubi Chingii) 10g in this formula.
Qi (Radix less facial complexion, cold limbs, loose stools; and
upplement lack of strength . The tongue body is pale with a ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUS770N
thin and moist coating; the pulse is thready.
s Japonici) Treatment principle
Warm and supplement Heart Yang.
S. HERBAL MEDICINE
r in flavor, Points: BL-15 Xinshu, CV 14 Juque, CV-4
ng. Treatment principle Guanvuan, ST-36 Zusanli, PC-6 Neiguan, and
ie) invigo- Warm and supplement Heart Yang. ST-25 Tianshu.
I stasis.

Technique: Use filiform needles and apply the-re-
inforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes . Moxibustion can be applied if required .
Explanation
• BL-15 Xinshu and CV 14 Juque, the back-shu
and front-mu points related to the Heart, regu-
late and supplement Heart Yang .
• CV-4 Guanyuan-and ST-36 Zusanli warm and
supplement Heart Yang by cultivating and sup-
plementing Original Yang.
• PC-6 Neiguan quiets the Spirit, stabilizes the
Mind and stops palpitations .
• ST-25 Tianshu fortifies the Spleen and aug-
ments Qi.
Main symptoms and signs
Disquieted Heart and Spirit, palpitations, a dull pur-
ple tongue body, possibly with stasis marks, and a
knotted and regularly interrupted pulse .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Supplement' the Blood and augment Qi, enrich Yin
and harmonize Yang.
Prescription
FU MAI TANG JIA JIAN
Pulse-Restoring Decoction, with modifications
Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) 1 Og, decocted separately
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) 10g
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 15g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
E Jiaol (Gelatinum Corii Asini) 10g, melted in the
prepared decoction
Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamon-ii Cassiae) 1Og
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 15g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici' Chuanxion
Explanation
• Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng), Zhi Gan Cao (Radix
Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey) and Da Zao
(Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) supplement and aug-
ment Spleen Qi.
• Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae),
E Jiao1 (Gelatinurn Corii- Asini) . and Mai Men
Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) enrich Yin
and moisten Dryness, nourish the Heart and
supplement the Blood .
• Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae) warms
and frees the Heart and vessels .
• Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae), Bai Shao
(Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) and Chuan Xiong
(Rhizoma L gustici Chuanxiong) nourish and
move the Blood.
PA'1 I r.RN 2
Main symptoms and signs
Palpitations, fearful throbbing (see etiology and pa-
thology), chest pain, and oppression in the chest .
The tongue body is dull purple or dark red with
stasis marks; the pulse is knotted and regularly in-
terrupted.
Treatment principle
Invigorate the Blood and dissipate Blood stasis,
regulate Qi and move the Blood .
Prescription
XUE FU ZHU YU TANG JIA JIAN
Decoction for Expelling Stasis from the House of
Blood, with modifications
Dang Gui. (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 10g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 1 Og
Tao Ken, (Semen Persicae),10g
Zbi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii) 1Og
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 1 Og
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 1 Og
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) 1 Og
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 10g
Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) 1 Og


CARDIOTOXICITY 143

Explanation Points: BL-15 Xinshu, PC-6 Neiguan and CV 17

ig) 6g • Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Sheng Di Danzhong.
Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae), Chi Shao
Technique: Use filiform needles and apply the
(Radix Paeoniae Rubra), Niu Xi (Radix Achy-
even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
.ao (Radix ranthis Bidentatae), and Tao Ken (Semen Persi-
id Da Zao cae) invigorate the Blood and dissipate Blood
and aug- stasis. Explanation
• Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong), The combination of these three points re ates
utinosae), Zhi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii), Chai and quiets the Spirit and nourishes the Heart to
Mai Men Hu (Radix Bupleuri), and Jie Geng (Radix Platy- regulate the heart rate .
:nrich Yin codi Grandiflori) dredge the Liver and trans-
leart and form Blood stasis, regulate Qi and invigorate NOTE
the Blood. Since the Heart governs the Blood and vessels and
e) warms • Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) adjusts and har- Blood stasis occurs in all forms of cardiac injury,
monizes the properties of the other ingredients . materia medica for invigorating the Blood and
, Bai Shao
wan Xiong transforming Blood stasis such as Dan Shen (Radix
Irish and ACUPUNCTURE Salviae Miltiorrhizae), Hong Hua (Flos Carthami
Tinctorii) and Tao Ken (Semen Persicae) can be
Treatment principle added to all the above patterns to protect the Heart
Supplement the Blood and augment Qi, enrich Yin by promoting the movement of Qi and Blood and
and harmonize Yang. freeing the Heart and vessels.

y and pa-
the chest.
red with
;ularly in-

od stasis,

House of

:)sae) log

10g

1g) 10g
 Radiation cystitis

Radiation cystitis is one of the later side-effects of radiotherapy for cervical, ovarian, blad-
der or colorectal cancer or malignant tumors in the pelvic region . Most cases occur one to
six years after radiotherapy, with the time of occurrence generally related to total radiation
dosage and the patient's constitution ; the larger the overall dosage and the weaker the
patient's constitution, the earlier radiation cystitis will occur. If hemorrhage (hematuria) can
be controlled, most patients with radiation cystitis can recover within four years .
Telangiectatic hematuria is caused by congestion and edema in the mucous membrane
of the bladder and recurrent onset may result in ulcer formation, with large amounts of
blood in the urine in severe cases.

Etiology and pathology

The Bladder stores fluids that will be excreted when they are transformed by Qi . The Kid-
neys govern Water. If Kidney Qi is Deficient, the Kidneys' functions of governing open-
ing and closing and controlling the urine and stool will be weakened . The Kidneys stand in
interior-exterior relationship with the Bladder. Therefore, although diseases manifest in the
Bladder, their Root is in the Kidneys .
Kidney Deficiency disturbs Qi transformation in the Bladder and impairs its contain-
ment function, resulting in frequent urination and urinary urgency. Insecurity of the Kid-
neys causes frequent urination at night (nocturia) and pain and aching in the lower back . If
Heat is transferred to the Bladder, painful urination (dysuria) and blood in the urine
(hematuria) will result . The main treatment principle employed is to supplement and aug-
ment Kidney Qi, clear Heat from the Bladder and promote urination .

Clinical manifestations
The main manifestations result from irritation of the bladder and include frequent urina-
tion, urinary urgency, dysuria, and hematuria either visible to the naked eye or detectable on
microscopic examination . Accompanying symptoms include pain and aching in the lower
back, or pain in the lower abdomen radiating downward .
 Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
General treatment methods Lu Gen (Rhizoma Phragmitis Communis)
Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae)
Irradiation applied in the treatment of adjacent Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi)
structures may directly damage the bladder tissues, Bian Xu (Herba Polygoni Avicularis)
resulting in local edema or fibrosis that will impair Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis)
micturition . When treating according to pattern Hua Ship (Talcum)
identification, materia medica for invigorating the Qu Mai (Herba Dianthi)
Blood and transforming Blood stasis can be added
Deng Xin Cao (Medulla Junci Effusi)
if required to improve local blood circulation and
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis)
reduce tissue inflammation . Examples include : Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) Dan Zhu Ye (Folium Lophatheri Gracilis)
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) Ce Bai Ye (Cacumen Biotae Orientalis)
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis)
Commonly used acupuncture points
Bai Tou Weng (Radix Pulsatillae Chinensis)
SP-6 Sanyinjiao
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra)
SP-9 Yinlingquan
SanQi (Radix Notoginseng)
BL-28 Pangguangshu
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae)
CV -3 Zhongji
Adding these materia medica to those for clearing BL-20 Pishu
Heat from the Bladder and promoting urination ST 36 Zusanli
reduces clinical symptoms and improves the results BL-23 Shenshu
of laboratory tests. CV-4 Guanyuan
SP-10 Xuehai
Commonly used materia medica
CV-6 Qihai
• For limpness and aching in the lower back, ac-
BL-40' Weizhong
companied by fatigue and lack of strength, materia
medica for supplementing the Kidneys, invigorating
the Blood and benefiting the movement of Damp- Pattern identification and treatment
ness should be prescribed :
principles
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
CheQian Cao (Herba Plantaginis)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) ACCUMULATION AND BINDING OF
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens) DAMP-HEAT
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) Main symptoms and signs
Sang Piao Xiaot (Ootheca Mantidis)
Urinary urgency and dysuria, distending pain in the
Yi Zhi Ken (Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae)
lower, abdomen, and hematuria_ confirmed by mi-
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
croscopic examination . The tongue body is red with
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) a yellow coating ; the pulse is wiry or wiry and rapid .

• For frequent and urgent urination, dysuria and a HERBAL MEDICINE

burning sensation during urination, materia medica
for clearing Heat, benefiting the movement of Treatment principle
Dampness and supplementing the Kidneys should Clear Heat from the Lower Burner and promote
be prescribed : urination, free Lin syndrome and cool the Blood .

Dsae) Prescription
BA ZHENG SAN JIA JIAN
:ae) Eight Corrections Powder, with modifications
Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) 6g
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 1Og, wrapped
Bian Xu (Herba Polygoni Avicularis) 15g
Qu Mai (Herba Dianthi) 15g
Hua Shi$ (Talcum) 30g, wrapped
Zhi Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, processed
with alcohol) 10g, added 10 minutes from the end
of the decoction process
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 10g
Chao Zbi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis, stir-
fried) 1Og
Deng Xin' Cao (Medulla Junci Effusi) 6g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
San Qi (Radix Notoginseng) 1Og
Explanation
• Bian Xu (Herba Polygoni Avicularis), Che Qian
Zi (Semen Plantaginis), Tong Cao (Medulla Tetra-
panacis Papyriferi), Hua Shit (Talcum), and Qu
Mai (Herba Dianthi) promote urination and free
Lin syndrome, clear Heat and benefit the
movement of Dampness.
• Chao Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis,
stir-fried) clears Heat in the Triple Burner .
• Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) drains Heat
ttment
and bears Fire downward .
• Deng Xin Cao (Medulla Junci Effusi) guides Heat
downward .
• Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
)F
and San Qi (Radix Notoginseng) cool the Blood
and stop bleeding.
• Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) harmonizes the
properties of the other ingredients.
tin in the
3 by mi-
red with Modification
nd rapid . For blood in the urine, add Bai Mao Gen zoma
I mperatae Cylindricae) 30g.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
promote
Clear Heat from the Lower Burner and promote
Mood .
urination, free Lin syndrome and cool the Blood .
RADIATION CYSTITIS 147
Points : SP-6 Sanyinjiao, SP-9 Yinlingquan, BL-28
Pangguangshu, and CV-3 Zhongji.
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
ducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes .
Explanation
• This pattern is caused by Damp-Heat in the
Spleen channel pouring down to the Bladder .
SP-6 Sanyinjiao and SP-9 Yinlingquan separate
Damp-Heat in the Spleen channel and promote
urination .
• BL-28 Pangguangshu and CV-3 Zhongji, the
back-shu and front-mu points related to the
Bladder, benefit the movement of Damp-Heat
by dredging and regulating Qi in the Lower
Burner.
DEFICIENCY OF SPLEEN AND KIDNEY
YANG
Main symptoms and signs
Shortness of breath, fatigue and lack of strength,
aching in the lower back, frequent urination by day
or night, spontaneous sweating, cold limbs, an
enlarged tongue body with tooth marks and a white
coating, and a deep and thready pulse. These
symptoms are often seen in chronic cases with dif-
ficulty in recovering the bladder function due to
damage to the muscular layer of the bladder after
acute symptoms of radiation cystitis (including in-
flammation) have been brought under control .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and boost the Kidneys, warm and
supplement Yang.
Prescription
SHEN FU TANG HE SHEN LING BAI ZHU
SAN JIA JIAN
Ginseng and Aconite Decoction Combined With
Ginseng, Poria and White Atractylodes Powder,
with modifications
Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) 1 Og, decocted separately

148 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Fu Zi* (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli Praepa-
rata) log, decocted for 30-60 minutes before the
other ingredients
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
6g
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycvrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) 6g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 30g
Bai Bian Dou (Semen Dolichoris Lablab) 15g
Sang Piao Xiaot (Ootheca Mantidis) 30g
Yi Zhi Ren (Fructus Alpiniae Oxy phyllae) 30g
Explanation
• Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng), Bai Zhu (Rhizoma
Atractylodis Macrocephalae), Fu .Lang (Scle-
rotium Poriae Cocos), Shan Yao (Rhizoma
Dioscoreae Oppositae), Zhi Gan Cao (Radix
Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey), and Bai
Bian Dou (Semen Dolichoris Lablab) augment
Qi and supplement the Spleen .
• Fu Zi * (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli
Praeparata) warms the Kidneys and supple-
ments Yang.
• Sang Piao Xiaot (Ootheca Mantidis) and I i Zhi
Rev (Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphvllae) consolidate
the Essence and reduce urination .
• Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) regulates
Qi.
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Re-
cens) and Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae)
regulate and harmonize the actions of the other
ingredients .
Note : Fu Zi* (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli
Praeparata) may be replaced by Fu Pen Zi (Fructus
Rubi Chino) log.
A CUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and boost the Kidneys, warm and
supplement Yang.
Points : BL-28 Pangguangshu, CV-3 Zhongji, BL-20
Pishu, ST-36 Zusanli, BL-23 Shenshu, and CV-4
Guanyuan .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
inforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes . Moxibustion can be applied to these points if
required .
Explanation
• BL-28 Pangguangshu and CV-3 Zhongii, the
front-shu and back-nau points related to the
Bladder, regulate the functional activities of Qi
in the Bladder .
• BL-20 Pishu and ST-36 Zusanli fortify the
Spleen and augment Qi .
• BL-23 Shenshu and CV-4 Guanvuan warm and
supplement Kidney Yang.
• Moxibustion can be applied at these points to
treat Yang Deficiency .
INTERNAL BINDING OF HEAT TOXINS
Main symptoms and signs
Urinary urgency, dysuria, yellow or reddish urine,
and dry throat . The tongue body is red with a yel-
low coating ; the pulse is wiry and rapid .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Clear and drain Heat Toxins .
Prescription
PANG GUANG SHI RE FANG JIA JIAN
Bladder Excess Heat Formula, with modifications
from Bei Ji,Qian Jin Yao Fang [Prescriptions Worth a .
Thousand Gold Pieces for Emergencies]
Shi Gaa- (Gypsum Fibrosum) 30g, decocted for
15-30 minutes before adding the other ingredients
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 6g
Fu Lang (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis)
log
Sheng DI Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 1 Og
Dan Zhu Ye (Folium Lophatheri Gracilis) 1Og
Ce Bai Ye (Cacumen Biotae Orientalis) 1Og

Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis) 15g
Lu Gen (Rhizoma Phragmitis Communis) 30g
Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae) 30g
Explanation
• Shi Gaol (Gypsum Fibrosum), Zhi Zi (Fructus
Gardeniae Jasminoidis) and Zhi Mu (Rhizoma
Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) clear and drain
internal Heat .
• Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis),
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae),
Dan Zhu Ye (Folium Lophatheri Gracilis), and
Ce Bai Ye (Cacumen Biotae Orientalis) cool the
Blood and stop bleeding.
• Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae)
and Lu Gen (Rhizoma Phragmitis Communis)
guide Heat out with the urine .
• Fu hng (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) fortifies the
Spleen and percolates Dampness .
Modification
For severe dysuria, add Hua Shit (Talcum) 30g,
wrapped, and Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g .
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Clear and drain Heat Toxins .
Points: BL-40 Weizhong, BL-28 Pangguangshu,
CV-3 Zhongji, SP-6 Sanyinjiao, BL-39 Weiyang, and
BL-22 Sanjiaoshu.
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the
reducing method. Retain the needles for 20-30
minutes . Bloodletting can be performed at
BL-40 Weizhong.
Explanation
• BL-40 Weizhong, the xia he (lower uniting)
point of the Bladder channel, drains Heat Tox-
ins in the Xue level.
• Combining BL-28 Pangguangshu and CV 3 Zhong-
ji, the front-shu and back-mu points related to
the Bladder, with BL-22 Sanjiaoshu and
BL-39 Weiyang, the front-shu and back-mu
points related to the Triple Burner, regulates the
RADIATION CYSTITIS 149
functional activities of Qi in the Lower Burner
to promote urination .
• SP-6 Sanyinjiao clears Heat, cools the Blood
and transforms Blood stasis.
HEAT DAMAGING THE BLOOD
NETWORK VESSELS
Main symptoms and signs
Stabbing pain in the lower abdomen, dysuria, scant
voidings of reddish urine, a sensation of scorching
heat on urination, hematuria, irritability, thirst, and
insomnia . The tongue is dark red with a yellow
coating; the pulse is rapid .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and cool the Blood, dissipate Blood sta-
sis and alleviate pain .
Prescription
XIAO JI YIN ZI JIA JIAN
Field Thistle Drink, with modifications
Xiao Ji (Herba Cephalanoploris seu Cirsii) 30g
Ou Jie (Nodus Nelumbinis Nuciferae Rhizomatis)
15g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Pu Huang (Pollen Typhae) 1 Og
Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) 6g
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 1Og
Dan Zhu Ye (Folium Lophatheri Gracilis) log
Hua Shit (Talcum) 30g, wrapped
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Ce Bai Ye Tan (Cacumen Biotae Orientalis Carboni-
satum) log
Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae) 30g
Explanation
• Xiao Ji (Herba Cephalanoploris seu Cirsii), Ou
Jie (Modus Nelumbinis Nuciferae Rhizomatis),
Sheng DI Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae),
Ce Bai Ye Tan (Cacumen Biotae Orientalis Car-
bonisatum), and Pu Huang (Pollen Typhae) cool
the Blood and stop bleeding.

150 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
• Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae), Tong Cao (Me-
dulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) and Hua Sbit (Tal-
cum) benefit the movement of water and free
Lin syndrome .
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) nourishes
the Blood.
• Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae)
clears Heat and promotes urination .
• Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) and Dan
Zhu Ye (Folium Lophatheri Gracilis) clear and
drain internal Heat .
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and cool the Blood, dissipate Blood sta-
sis and alleviate pain .
Points: SP-10 Xuehai, SP-6 Sanyinjiao, CV-3 Zhong-
ji, CV 6 Qihai, and BL-40 Weizhong .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
ducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
Bloodletting can be performed at BL-40 Weizhong .
Explanation
• Combining CV-3 Zhongji, the front-mu point
of the Bladder, with CV -6 Qihai promotes uri-
nation by freeing and regulating the functional
activities of Qi in the Lower Burner .
• SP-10 Xuehai and SP-6 Sanyinjiao invigorate
the Blood, transform Blood stasis and alleviate
pain.
• BL-40 Weizhong, the xia he (lower uniting)
point of the Bladder channel, clears Heat Tox-
ins in the Xue level and cools the Blood to re-
lieve the burning sensation during urination .
 Radiation proctitis

Radiation proctitis occurs during or after local radiation therapy for malignant tumors in
the pelvic area (for example in colorectal, cervical, ovarian and bladder cancers) . Radiation
of more than 4OGy damages the intestines, including the rectum, and may produce nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain during the radiotherapy course . These symptoms
generally improve within six weeks after completion of the course . Many patients experi-
ence increased bowel frequency.
Radiation results in atrophy of the muscle fibers, ulceration due to ischemia, and nar-
rowing of the intestinal tract where radiation causes fibrosis . When the blood vessels in the
superficial granulation tissue are broken, blood or a large amount of exudate (mucus) will
enter the intestinal passage, resulting in bloody, mucousy and watery stools. Fistulae may
occur.
Radiation proctitis can also manifest as a late side-effect of radiation therapy. Eighty
percent of these cases occur six months to two years after radiotherapy; most can be
treated successfully within three years by conservative management .

Etiology and pathology

TCM considers that patterns of diarrhea with tenesmus are caused by Heat . In radiation
proctitis, pathogenic Heat Toxins enter the interior directly, giving rise to acute diarrhea
with thin loose discharge pouring downward . The Root of the condition lies in the Spleen
and Stomach . Persistent or recurring diarrhea will damage the Kidneys . Kidney Qi controls
the lower orifices and if this consolidation function is impaired, protracted diarrhea will
result . This condition must be transmitted from Taiyin to Shaoyin, where it will become
Intestinal Bi syndrome, manifesting as inhibited urination, abdominal fullness and diarrhea,
with the stools consisting mainly of undigested food .

Clinical manifestations
Radiation proctitis is mainly characterized by diarrhea with increased bowel frequency,
mucus and blood in the stool, tenesmus, and a dull pain in the lower abdomen . Swelling
and congestion of the colonic mucosa impair water absorption, leading to loose or watery
stools . The rectum is very sensitive to irritation, and increased frequency of bowel move-
ments may result .
152 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER

(Pulsatilla Root Decoction) and Ge Gen Qin Loran Tang

General treatment methods (Kudzu Vine, Scutellaria and Coptis Decoction) .

Although in radiation proctitis, the disease is located Materia medica include

in the Large Intestine, the Spleen and Kidneys must Bai Ton Weng (Radix Pulsatillae Chinensis)
also be treated . Treatment principles are based on Wei Ge Gen (Radix Puerariae, roasted)
clearing Heat and cooling the Blood, relaxing ten- Qin Pi (Cortex Fraxini)
sion with sweetness, promoting contraction with ShengMa (Rhizoma Cimicifugae)
sourness, and astringing the Intestines and stopping Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi)
diarrhea . Since this condition is often complicated, W/u Mei (Fructus Pruni Mume)
comprehensive and flexible treatment is required . Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra)
Commonly used materia medica
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
• For diarrhea with blood or mucus in the stool,
frequent bowel movements, tenesmus, or dull pain SanQi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng)
in the lower abdomen, materia medica for clearing Bai Jiang Cao (Herba Patriniae cum Radice)
Heat, cooling and invigorating the Blood, stopping Ma Chi Xian (Herba Portulacae Oleraceae)
bleeding, astringing, and stopping diarrhea should Di Yu Tan (Radix Sanguisorbae Officinalis
be prescribed based on formulae such as Shen Ling Carbonisata)
Bai Zhu San (Ginseng, Poria and White Atractylodes Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Powder), Di Yu Huai Jiao San (Sanguisorba and Commonly used acupuncture points
Pagoda Tree Flower Powder) and Xiao Ji Yin Zi
CV 12 Zhongwan
(Field Thistle Drink) .
ST-36 Zusanli
Materia medica include ST-25 Tianshu
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) ST 37 Shangjuxu
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) LI-11 Quchi
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) ST-44 Neiting
Di Yu (Radix Sanguisorbae Officinalis) LI-4 Hegu
Huai Hua (Flos Sophorae Japonicae) BL-20 Pishu
Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) CV-4 Guanyuan
Xue Yu Tan* (Crinis Carbonisatus Hominis) BL-23 Shenshu
Chun Pi (Cortex Ailanthi Altissimae) BL-25 Dachangshu
Ma Chi Xian (Herba Portulacae Oleraceae) SP-6 Sanyinjiao
Xue Jian Chou (Herba Galii)
Qian Shi (Semen Euryales Ferocis)
Vu JYei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) Pattern identification and
He Zi (Fructus Terminaliae Chebulae) treatment principles
JIV Mei (Fructus Pruni Mume)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) ACCUMULATION OF HEAT IN THE
STOMACH AND INTESTINES
• For severe radiation proctitis characterized by
anemia, malnutrition and loss of weight, materia Main symptoms and signs
medica for clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity, cool- Diarrhea with loose stool or blood in the stool, a
ing the Blood and stopping bleeding, astringing the scorching pain in the anus, and dry mouth and thirst .
Intestines and stopping diarrhea should be pre- The tongue body is red or deep red with a yellow coat-
scribed based on formulae such as Bai Tou lheii Tang ing, the pulse is wiry and rapid or threads and rapid .

HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and cool the Blood, and stop diarrhea .
Prescription
QING WEI SAN JIA JIAN
Stomach-Clearing Powder, with modifications
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 1 Og
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 1 Og
Di Yu (Radix Sanguisorbae Officinalis) lOg
Huai Hua (Flos Sophorae Japonicae) 1 Og
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 15g, wrapped
Explanation
• Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) clears the
Stomach and drains Heat to stop diarrhea .
• Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae),
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis), Di Yu
(Radix Sanguisorbae Officinalis), and Huai Hua
(Flos Sophorae Japonicae) cool the Blood and
stop bleeding.
• Che Qian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) percolates
Dampness and stops diarrhea .
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) nourishes
the Blood .
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and cool the Blood, and stop diarrhea .
Points : CV-12 Zhongwan, ST-36 Zusanli,
ST-25 Tianshu, ST-37 Shangjuxu, LI-11
Quchi, ST-44 Neiting, and LI-4 Hegu .
Technique: Use filiform needles and apply the re-
ducing method. Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
Explanation
• Combining ST 25 Tianshu and ST-37 Shang-
juxu, the front-mu and xia he (lower uniting)
points of the Large Intestine channel, with LI-4
Hegu, theyuan (source) point of the Large In-
testine channel, frees Qi in the Large Intestine
RADIATION PROCTITIS 153
in order to regulate Qi and move stagnation .
• LI-11 Quchi, the he (uniting) point of the T .arge
Intestine channel, and ST-44 Neiting, the ying
(spring) point of the Stomach channel, clear
and drain accumulated Heat in the Stomach and
Intestines to cool the Blood .
• CV 12 Zhongwan and ST-36 Zusanli regulate
Stomach Qi to enhance the transportation and
conveyance functions of the Stomach and In-
testines.
SPLEEN DEFICIENCY
Main symptoms and signs
Loose stool, abdominal pain, tenesmus with a fre-
quent and urgent desire to defecate, fatigue, and
lack of strength. The tongue body is enlarged with
a white coating; the pulse is deep and thready.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen, relax tension and stop diarrhea .
Prescription
SHEN LING BAI ZHU SAN JIA JIAN
Ginseng, Poria and White Atractylodes Powder,
with modifications
Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) 10g, decocted separately
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractvlodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) 6g
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 30g
Chao Bai Bian Dou (Semen Dolichoris Lablab,
stir-fried) 15g
Lian Zi (Semen Nelumbinis Nuciferae) 30g
Sha Ben (Fructus Amomi) 6g, added 10 minutes
before the end of the decoction process
Chao Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi,
stir-fried) 30g
Qian Shi (Semen Euryales Ferocis) 15g
Tu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) 6g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 1 Og
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 1 Og

154 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Explanation
• Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng), Fu Ling (Sclerotium
Poriae Cocos), Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis
Macrocephalae), Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Oppositae), Lian Zi (Semen Eurvales Ferocis),
Chao Bai Bian Dou (Semen Dolichoris Lablab,
stir-fried), and Chao Y Yi Ken (Semen Coicis
Lachryma-jobi, stir-fried) fortify the Spleen and
benefit the movement of Dampness .
• Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) and Sha
Ken (Fructus Amomi) regulate Qi and dry
Dampness.
• Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) harmonizes the Middle Burner and re-
laxes tension.
• Qian Shi (Semen Euryales Ferocis) and Wu Wei
Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) astringe the Intestines
and stop diarrhea .
• Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) and Bai Shao
(Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) promote contrac-
tion with sourness and relax tension .
Modification
For severe abdominal pain, add )an Hu Suo
zoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) 10g .
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen, relax tension and stop diarrhea .
Points: ST-25 Tianshu, ST-36 Zusanli, ST-37 Shang-
juxu, CV-12 Zhongwan, BL-20 Pishu, and
CV-4 Guanyuan .
Technique : Insert filiform needles and apply
the reinforcing method . Retain the needles for
20-30 minutes . Follow with moxibustion .
Explanation
• ST 25 Tianshu and ST 37 Shangjuxu, the front-mu
and %ia he (lower uniting) points of the Large In-
testine channel, regulate the functional activities of
Qi in the Large Intestine to stop diarrhea .
• BL-20 Pishu, CV-12 Zhongwan and ST 36 Zusanli
fortify the Spleen and boost the Stomach, thus
revitalizing Spleen Yang and restoring the
transportation and transformation function .
• CV-4 Guanvuan augments Fire at the Gate of
Vitality and reinforces Kidney Yang in order to
warm Spleen Yang.
PATTERNS WITH UNCONTROLLABLE
DIARRHEA AS THE MAIN SYMPTOM
Main symptoms and signs
Incessant diarrhea with dozens of bowel move-
ments a day, no desire for food and drink, a pale or
pale red tongue body with a thin white coating, and
a deep and thready pulse .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Stop diarrhea by astringing.
Prescription
ZHEN REN YANG ZANG TANG JIA JIAN
True Man Decoction for Nourishing the Zang Or-
gans, with modifications
He Zi (Fructus Terminaliae Chebulae) 1 Og
Wu 11"ei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) 1 Og
Wu Mei (Fructus Pruni Mume) 1 Og
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) 6g
Chao Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,
stir-fried) 15g
Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) 10g, decocted separately
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) I Og
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 6g
Explanation
• He Zi (Fructus Terminaliae Chebulae), Wu Wei
Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) and Wu Mei (Fructus
Pruni Mume) astringe to stop diarrhea .
• Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng), Chao Bai Zhu (Radix
Paeoniae Lactiflorae) and Zhi Gan Cao (Radix
Glvcvrrhizae, mix-fried with honey) augment Qi
and supplement the Spleen .
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Bai
Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) nourish the
Blood and relax tension .

• Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) secures Yin by
clearing Heat and Damp-Heat and stopping
diarrhea.
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION
Treatment principle
Stop diarrhea by astringing .
Points : ST25 Tianshu, ST 36 Zusanli, ST 37 Shangjuxu,
CV-4 Guanyuan, CV 12 Zhongwan, BL-20 Pishu,
and BL-23 Shenshu .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
inforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes. Follow with moxibustion .
Explanation
The combination of these points acts on the Spleen,
Stomach, Intestines and Kidneys to promote con-
traction and stop diarrhea .
PATTERNS WITH BLOOD IN THE STOOL
AS THE MAIN SYMPTOM
Main symptoms and signs
Fresh blood in the stool or bloody and watery
stools, tenesmus, a dark red tongue body with a
white or yellow coating, and a thready and wiry
pulse.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Invigorate the Blood and stop bleeding, regulate Qi
and alleviate pain .
Prescription
HUAI HUA SAN JIA JIAN
Pagoda Tree Flower Powder, with modifications
Chao Huai Hua (Flos Sophorae Japonicae,
stir-fried) log
Ce Bai Ye Tan (Cacumen Biotae Orientalis Carboni-
saturn) log
Jing Jie Tan (Herba Schizonepetae Tenuifoliae Car-
bonisata) 10g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 10g
RADIATION PROCTITIS 155
Mu Xiant (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 6g
E Jiao1 (Gelatinum Corii Asini) log, melted in the
prepared decoction
Chao Hei Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii, stir-fried
until black) 10g
Explanation
• Chao Huai Hua (Flos Sophorae Japonicae,
stir-fried), Ce Bai Ye Tan (Cacumen Biotae Ori-
entalis Carbonisatum) and Jing Jie Tan (Herba
Schizonepetae Tenuifoliae Carbonisata) cool the
Blood and stop bleeding .
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and E Jiaot
(Gelatinum Corii Asini) nourish the Blood and
stop bleeding.
• Mu Xiant (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) and
Chao Hei Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii, stir-fried
until black) regulate Qi and alleviate pain .
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Invigorate the Blood and stop bleeding, regulate Qi
and alleviate pain .
Points: ST 25 Tianshu, BL-25 Dachangshu, SP-6 San-
yinjiao, and ST-36 Zusanli .
Technique: Use filiform needles and apply the
even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
Explanation
• ST-25 Tianshu, BL-25 Dachangshu and
ST-36 Zusanli regulate the functional activities
of Qi in the Stomach and Intestines .
• When SP-6 Sanyinjiao is added, the combina-
tion invigorates the Blood, transforms Blood
stasis and stops bleeding .
Clinical observation report
TREATMENT ACCORDING TO PATTERN
IDENTIFICATION
Chen et al . treated 58 cases of radiation proctitis
with empirical formulae according to pattern
identification from January 1980 to March 1998 . 6
Diagnosis
Radiation proctitis was diagnosed when patients
presented 2-3 months after radiotherapy for cervi-
cal cancer with symptoms such as frequent passage
of bloody, mucousy or purulent stool, scorching
pain in the anus and rectum, and abdominal pain
before defecation; bacterial infection of the intesti-
nal tract and cancer of the rectum were excluded
before the final diagnosis was made .
The 58 patients treated were all female, aged
from 37-62 (mean age : 56) . Thirty patients had
been suffering from radiation proctitis for less than
one year, 18 for one to three years, and 10 for more
than three years.
Pattern identification
Damp-Heat (28 patients), manifesting as profuse
mucousy stool, scorching pain in the anus, tenesmus,
short voidings of reddish urine, a red tongue body
with a greasy coating, and a rapid pulse .
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and relieve Toxicity, promote the
movement of Dampness and transform Blood sta-
sis.
Ingredients
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 12g
Lian Zi (Semen Nelumbinis Nuciferae) 12g
Huang Lian (Rhizoma-Coptidis) 1 Og
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 1 Og
Qin Pi (Cortex Fraxini) 1 Og
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 1 Og
Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae) 1 Og
Bai Tou l/eng (Radix Pulsatillae Chinensis) 20g
Ma Chi Xian (Herba Portulacae Oleraceae) 30g
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Dif-
fusae) 30g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae),20g
• Encumbrance of Dampness due to Spleen De-
ficiency (14 patients), manifesting as bloody stool
with profuse mucus, a dragging pain in the anus,
loss of appetite, lack of strength, a sallow yellow
facial complexion, a pale and enlarged tongue' with
a white coating, and a thready and moderate pulse .
Treatment principle
Dispel Dampness, fortify the Spleen, and clear
residual Heat.
Ingredients
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 30g
Ge Gen, (Radix Puerariae) 30g
Xue Yu Tan$ (Crinis Carbonisatus Hominis) 30g
Yi Yi Ken, (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
Fu Zing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 30g
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 20g
Bai Bian Dou (Semen Dolichoris Lablab) 15g
Bai Dou Kou'(Fructus Amomi Kravanh) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 12g
Zhi Ke (Fructus Cirri Aurantii) 12g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae) 10g
ShengMa (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) 10g
Spleen and Kidney Deficiency (16,cases), :mani-
festing as severe dragging pain in the anus, difficulty
in defecation, profuse bloody stool, reduced appe-
tite, lack of strength, emaciation, anemia, dry throat,
a red tongue body with no coating, and a deep,
thready and forceless pulse .
Treatment principle
Cultivate and supplement the Spleen and Kidneys,
nourish the Blood and dispel pathogenic factors .
Ingredients
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 30g,
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
ShengDi Huang Tan (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Carbonisata) 30g
Ge Gen (Radix Puerariae) 30g
Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) 1 Og
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 10g
l/u Mei, (Fructus Pruni Mume) 15g
E Jiaot (Gelatinum Corii Asini) 15g, melted in the
prepared' decoction
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 12g'
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)'I2g
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction,
taken twice a day. The treatment lasted on average
for 8 months.
 RADIATION PROCTITIS 157

Results within 8 months of ending the treatment), 7

and clear 42 patients recovered completely (symptoms disap-
peared and no recurrence within 8 months of end-
the treatment), 8 improved considerably (all
major symptoms disappeared and no recurrence
°) 30g
showed some improvement (symptoms alleviated,
but recurrence after ending the treatment) and one
showed no improvement

s) 30g
30g

20g
l5g
5g
halae) 12g

ses), man-
s, difficulty
aced appe-
dry throat,
id a deep,

3 Kidneys,
factors .

30g
)Og
Glutinosae

lted in the

halae) 12g
decoction,
:)n average
 Nausea and vomiting

Nausea and vomiting are among the most common early symptoms of toxic reaction dur-
ing a chemotherapy or radiotherapy course . Nausea may predominate, with vomiting
occurring where reactions are more severe . Excessive vomiting may lead to dehydration,
electrolyte disturbance, weakness, and a decrease in body weight, manifestations that may
make it more difficult for the patient to continue with the therapy. Administration of Chinese
medicine one to three days before radiotherapy or chemotherapy until one week after
completion of the course may help to relieve or prevent vomiting.
Symptoms may be acute (occurring within 24 hours of treatment), delayed (first occur-
ring more than 24 hours after treatment) or anticipatory (occurring prior to subsequent
treatments) . Patients more likely to be affected include women, patients aged under 50,
anxious patients, and those who suffer from motion sickness .
The severity of nausea and vomiting is related to the dosage and manner of administra-
tion of the drugs. Intravenous injection or intravenous infusion of cisplatin is likely to
cause severe vomiting, as is intravenous administration of dacarbazine and high doses of
cyclophosphamide . Doxorubicin, high doses of methotrexate and lower doses of cyclo-
phosphamide may cause moderate nausea and vomiting, and 5-fluorouracil, vinca alkaloids,
etoposide and lower doses of methotrexate can result in mild episodes of vomiting, as may
radiotherapy to the abdominal region .

Etiology and pathology

In older works on Chinese medicine, authors differentiated nausea and vomiting into ou
(vomiting and retching), to (silent vomiting) and gan ou a xin (dry retching and nausea). Since
there is no significant difference in etiology and pathology or pattern identification, nausea
and vomiting will be discussed as one symptom .
Vomiting occurs as a result of Qi ascending counterflow due to the Stomach being im-
paired in its downward-bearing function . Irrespective of the pathological change involved,
whenever the Stomach is injured, Stomach Qi ascends and there will be vomiting .
The Stomach governs the intake and decomposition (rotting and ripening) of Grain and
Water. Stomach Qi governs downward-bearing and normal movement is downward . If
pathogenic factors invade the Stomach or the harmony of the Stomach is impaired,
ascending counterflow of Stomach Qi will result, producing vomiting . Sheng Ji Zong Lu
[General Collection for Holy Relief] says : "Vomiting occurs when Stomach Qi ascends
rather than descends."
160 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Invasion by external pathogenic factors
External pathogenic factors such as Wind, Cold,
Summerheat or Dampness, or foul turbidity attack
the Stomach, impairing its downward-bearing func-
tion . Water and Grain follow counterflow Qi up-
ward and vomiting results . Gu fin Yi Tong [Ancient
and Modern Medicine] states : "Sudden vomiting is
definitely caused by pathogenic factors settling in
the Stomach - Summerheat in the height of sum-
mer, Wind and Cold in autumn and winter ." TCM
considers chemotherapy or radiotherapy as external
pathogenic factors which damage the digestive sys-
tem to cause nausea and vomiting.
Dietary irregularities
Overeating in general, or excessive consumption of
raw, cold, greasy or unclean food in particular can
damage the Stomach and cause stagnation in the
Spleen, resulting in food accumulating and not
being transformed . When Stomach Qi cannot move
downward, ascending counterflow may result in
vomiting. Cancer patients often manifest with Defi-
ciency and weakness of the Spleen and Stomach,
in particular when undergoing chemotherapy or
radiotherapy. What may be an appropriate amount
of food intake for a healthy person may mean
overeating when a patient is ill, thus resulting in
vomiting.
Emotional disturbances
Anger damages the Liver and impairs its function
of ensuring the harmonious movement of Qi in
the Middle Burner. Transverse counterflow invades
the Stomach, resulting in ascending counterflow of
Stomach Qi. Anxiety- or worry, a frequent occur-
rence among cancer patients, damages the Spleen
and impairs its normal transportation and trans-
formation function . Food accumulates and is diffi-
cult to transform, thus inhibiting the Stomach's
downward-bearing function .
Spleen and Stomach Deficiency
Patients with tumors will have Deficiency of Vital
Qi (Zheng Qi), Qi insufficiency in the Middle
Burner, and, in persistent illness, devitalized Yang in
the Middle Burner. With the addition of radiother-
apy or chemotherapy, the Spleen and Stomach are
severely damaged, leading to Deficiency of the
Spleen, which cannot absorb Water and Grain, and
impairment of the Stomach's downward-bearing
function.
Insufficiency of Stomach Yin
During radiotherapy, the radioactive rays will scorch
and damage Yin and Body Fluids, leading to insuf-
ficiency of Stomach Yin . When the Stomach loses
its moistening and downward-bearing functions,
vomiting results. Zheng Zhi Bu Hui [A Supplement
to Diagnosis and Treatment] says : "Vomiting is not
only caused by illness in the Stomach, it can also be
due to Yin Deficiency affecting the Stomach ."
Therefore, irrespective of the cause, any condi-
tion that leads to ascending counterflow of Stom-
ach Qi can result in vomiting. The variety of causes
and dissimilarities in patients' constitutions mean
that Deficiency, Excess, Cold and Heat patterns are
seen in the clinic .
In Excess patterns, the condition is caused by in-
vasion of pathogenic factors ; in Deficiency patterns,
the cause is Stomach Deficiency and impairment of
the normal downward-bearing function . Deficiency
patterns can be subdivided into Yin Deficiency Pat-
terns and Yang Deficiency patterns . Chemotherapy
generally results in Excess patterns, radiotherapy in
Deficiency (Yin Deficiency) patterns .
General treatment methods
Careful differentiation between Deficiency and Ex-
cess patterns is extremely important in the treat-
ment of vomiting. Excess patterns are usually
caused by invasion of external pathogenic factors,
improper diet or chemotherapy ; onset is acute and
the condition clears up relatively quickly . Since these
factors cause ascending counterflow of Stomach Qi,
the treatment principle should be based on dispel-
ling pathogenic factors and transforming turbidity,
harmonizing the Stomach and bearing counterflow
downward.
Deficiency patterns are generally due to distur-
bance of the transportation and' transformation
function of the Spleen and Stomach, devitalized


NAUSEA AND VOMITING 161

each are Yang in the Middle Burner or insufficiency of apparatus and regulate the frequency until the
of the Stomach Yin, which lead to disharmony in the patient feels comfortable . Retain the needles for 30
ain, and Stomach and impair its downward-bearing function . minutes .
-bearing In this case, onset is slow and the condition takes a At the same time, attach Wang Bu Liu Xing (Se-
long time to clear up. Vomiting during radiotherapy men Vaccariae Segetalis) seeds to the auxiliary ear
usually results from a Yin Deficiency pattern . The points with adhesive tape . Ask the patient to press
treatment principle is based on supporting Vital Qi the seeds about 20 times once an hour during and
Ll scorch (Zheng Qi), warming the Middle Burner and forti- after the chemotherapy until a sensation of sore-
.o insuf- fying the Stomach, or enriching and nourishing ness, numbness and distension is felt . Pressure
.ch loses Stomach Yin. should be applied ten times each day. Change the
Lnctions, seeds every three days and alternate between ears .
Commonly used materia medica End the treatment two days after completion of
plement Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)
ig is not the chemotherapy course .
• Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata)
i also be • Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
1" Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) Pattern identification and
y condi- Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis)
, f Stom- treatment principles
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici)
-f causes Huo Xiang (Herba Agastaches seu Pogostemi)
is mean Zi Su Ye (Folium Perillae Frutescentis) EXCESS PATTERNS
terns are Pi Pa Ye (Folium Eriobotryae Japonicae)
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with EXTERNAL PATHOGENIC FACTORS
xd by in- honey)
patterns, INVADING THE STOMACH
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
ment of Ding Xiang (Flos Caryophylli) Main symptoms and signs
eficiency ShengJiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens) Sudden onset of vomiting, sometimes accompanied
:ncy pat- Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis) by fever, aversion to cold, headache or generalized
otherapy pain, and fullness and oppression in the chest and
Lerapy in Commonly used acupuncture points epigastrium. The tongue body is pale with a white
ST-36 Zusanli and greasy coating; the pulse is soggy and moderate .
BL-21 Weishu
BL-20 Pishu
3 PC-6 Neiguan HERBAL MEDICINE
CV 12 Zhongwan Treatment principle
and Ex-
Dredge pathogenic factors and release the exterior,
he treat- A combination of electro-acupuncture and ear
usually acupuncture can also be used to reduce vomiting aromatically transform turbidity and stop vomiting .
factors, during chemotherapy. Prescription
.cute and HUO XIANG ZHENG QI SAN
:ice these Main point : ST-36 Zusanli (bilateral) .
Agastache/Patchouli Vital Qi Powder
mach Qi, Auxiliary ear points : Shenmen, Apex of Lower
n dispel- Tragus, Brain, Middle Ear, and Stomach . Huo Xiang (Herba Agastaches seu Pogostemi) 1 Og
turbidity; Zi Su Ye (Folium Perillae Frutescentis) 1Og
mterflow Technique : Treatment takes place 30 minutes Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) 10g
before chemotherapy. After the patient adopts a su- • Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae
o distur- pine position, insert filiform needles to a depth of Praeparata) IOg
Drmation 1 .0-1 .5 can at bilateral ST-36 Zusanli . After obtain- Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g
°vitalized ing Qi, connect the needles to an electro-acupuncture • Zing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g

162 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Da Fu P (Pericarpium Arecae Catechu) 1 Og
Bai Zhu hizorna Atractyodis 1\ ,Lacrocephalae) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glvcvrrhizae) 6g
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 15g
Explanation
• Huo Xiang (Herba Agastaches seu Pogostemi
Zi Su Ye (Folium Perillae Frutescentis) and "on
Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis), as the sover-
eign ingredients, dredge pathogenic factors and
transform turbidity.
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa-
rata), Chen Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae), Fu
Hug (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos), and Da Fu Pi
(Pericarpium Arecae Catechu) bear counterflow
downward and harmonize the Stomach to stop
vomiting.
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractvlodis Macrocephalae),
Gan Cao (Radix Glycvrrhizae) and Da Zao
ctus Ziziphi Jujubae) fortify the Spleen and
harmonize the Stomach .
Modifications
For food stagnation, oppression in the chest
and abdominal distension, remove Bai Zhu (Rhi-
zoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae), Gan Cao
adix Glvcvrrhizae) and Da Zao (Fructus
Ziziphi Jujubae), and add Shen ()u (Massa Fer-
mentata) 30g and Ji Nei Jinn (Endothelium
Corneum Gigeriae Galli) 15g to disperse accu-
mulation and guide out stagnation .
For fever and chills without sweating due to
prevalence of external pathogenic factors, add
Fang Feng (Radix Ledebouriellae Divaricatae) 1 Og
and Jing Jie (Herba Schizonepetae Tenuifoliae)
l Og to dispel Wind and release the exterior.
For vomiting accompanied by irritability and
thirst due to contraction of Summerheat-Damp
remove the aromatic, dr' ; sweet and warm in-
gredients - Hon Po (Cortex Magnoliae Offici-
nalis), Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae
Praeparata), Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticu-
latae), Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macro-
cephalae), and Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) -
and add Huang Iran (Rhizoma Coptidis) 6g, Pei
Lan erba Eupatorii Fortune l Og and He I e
olium Nelumbinis Nuciferae 10g to clear
Summerheat and transform Dampness .
For sudden vomiting due to attacks of foul tur-
bidity, Yu Shu Dan (Jade Pivot Special Pill) can
be taken first to repel turbidity and stop vomit-
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Dredge pathogenic factors and release the exterior,
harmonize the Stomach, bear counterflow down-
ward and stop vomiting .
Points : CV-12 Zhongwan Neiguan,
ST-36 Zusanli, LI-4 Hegu, TB-6 Zhigou, and
GV 14 Dazhui .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
ducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes .
Explanation
• Combining CV 12 Zhongwan and ST 36 Z
the front->nu and xia he (lower uniting) points
related to the Stomach, with PC-6 Neiguan, one
of the jiao hui (confluence) points of the eight
extraordinary vessels, as the main points is
effective in treating disorders of the Stomach,
Heart and chest by harmonizing the Stomach
and stopping vomiting .
'1'B-6 Zhigou regulates the functional activities
of Qi in the Triple Burner to bear Qi down-
ward and transform turbidity.
The combination of LI-4 Hegu and GV 14 Dazhui
releases the exterior and dredges pathogenic
factors .
FOOD STAGNATION
Main symptoms and signs
Vomiting of sour and putrid matter with the speed
of vomiting response directly related to the amount
of food eaten, relief after vomiting, fullness and
distension in the epigastrium and abdomen, belch-
ing and aversion to food, and foul-smelling or thin,
loose stools or constipation . The tongue body is


NAUSEA AND VOMITING 163

to clear pale with a thick and greasy coating; the pulse is 2. For vomiting immediately after intake of food,
slippery and frill . foul breath and thirst, a red tongue body with a
foul tur- yellow coating, and a rapid pulse due to as-
Pill) can HERBAL MEDICINE cending of accumulated Heat in the Stomach, it
)p vomit- is better to use Zhu Ru Tang (Bamboo Shavings
Treatment principle Decoction) to clear the Stomach and bear
Disperse food accumulation and transform stagna- counterflow downward .
tion, harmonize the Stomach and bear counterflow
Ingredients
downward .

Prescription Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 10g

exterior,
BAO HE WAN Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Tematae Praeparata) 1 Og
w down- Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis) 6g
Preserving Harmony Pill
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Jeiguan, ShenQu (Massa Fermentata) 30g Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
gou, and Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi) 15g 3g, added 5 minutes before the end of the decoc-
L ai Fu Zi (Semen Raphani Sativi) 1 Og tion process
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 15g
dy the re- Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 1 Og
)-30 min- Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata) 10g ACUPUNCTURE
IlanQiao (Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae) 10g
Treatment principle
Disperse food accumulation and transform stagna-
Explanation tion, harmonize the Stomach and bear counterflow
6 Zusanli, • Shen Qu (Massa Fermentata), Shan Zha (Fructus downward .
ig) points Crataegi), L ai Fu Zi (Semen Raphani Sativi), and
guan, one Fu Zing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) disperse Points : CV-12 Zhongwan, ST-36 Zusanli,
the eight food accumulation and harmonize the Stomach . PC-6 Neiguan, CV 10 Xiawan, ST 44 Neiting,
points is • Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) and Fa SP-4 Gongsun, and ST 25 Tianshu.
Stomach, Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata)
Stomach Technique: Use filiform needles and apply the re-
regulate Qi and bear counterflow downward. ducing method. Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
• Lian Qiao (Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae) clears
. activities utes.
deep-lying Heat caused by accumulation .
:~i down-
Explanation
14 Dazhui Modifications and alternatives • Combining CV 12 Zhongwan and ST-36 Zusanli,
athogenic 1 . For relatively severe stagnation accompanied by the front-mu and xia he (lower uniting) points
abdominal fullness and constipation, combine related to the Stomach, with PC-6 Neiguan, one
Bao He Wan (Preserving . Harmony Pill) with of the jiao hui (confluence) points of the eight
Xiao Cheng Qi Tang (Minor Qi-Sustaining De- extraordinary vessels, as the main points is
coction) to move turbid Qi downward by guid- effective in treating disorders of the Stomach,
ing out stagnation and freeing the Fu organs . Heart and chest by harmonizing the Stomach
the speed and stopping vomiting.
Ingredients
:e amount • Combining SP-4 Gongsun and PC-6 Neiguan,
mess and Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 10g, added 10 both of which are jiao hui (confluence) points
en, belch- minutes before the end of the decoction process of the eight extraordinary vessels, harmonizes
tg or thin, Zhi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii) 1 Og the Stomach, regulates Qi and eliminates
e body is Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) 10g pathogenic factors.

164 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
• CV 10 Xiawan, ST-44 Neiting and ST 25 Tianshu
disperse food accumulation and guide out stag-
nation to assist the Stomach in its function of
downward-bearing.
INTERNAL OBSTRUCTION OF
PHLEGM-FLUIDS
Main symptoms and signs
Clear and watery vomit or vomiting of phlegm or
saliva, oppression in the epigastrium and no desire
to eat, dizziness, and palpitations . The tongue body
is pale with a white and greasy coating; the pulse is
slippery.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Warm and transform Phlegm-Fluids, harmonize the
Stomach and bear counterflow downward .
Prescription
XIAO BAN XIA TANG HE LING GUI ZHU
GAN TANG JIA JIAN
Minor Pinellia Decoction Combined With Poria,
Cinnamon Twig, White Atractylodes and Licorice
Decoction, with modifications
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa-
rata) 1Og
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
6g, added 5 minutes before the end of the decoc-
tion process
Fu Lang (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae) 1 Og
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 1 Og
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 1 Og
Explanation
• Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa-
rata) and Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Offi-
cinalis Recens) harmonize the Stomach and
bear counterflow downward .
• Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos), Gui Zhi
(Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae), Bai Zhu (Rhi-
zoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae), and Gan
Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) fortify the Spleen and
dry Dampness, warm and transform Phlegm-
Fluids .
Modifications and alternatives
1 . For vomiting of profuse amounts of water,
phlegm or saliva, add Qian Niu Zi (Semen
Pharbitidis) 2g and Bai Jie Zi (Semen Sinapis
Albae) 2g, ground into a powder and filled into
capsules to be taken three times a day ; this will
enhance transformation of Phlegm-Fluids.
2 . For dizziness, irritability, insomnia, nausea and
vomiting due to retained Phlegm transforming
into Heat and congesting the Stomach, thus
resulting in impairment of the Stomach's
downward-bearing function, prescribe ITIen Dan
Tang (Gallbladder-Warming Decoction) to clear
the Gallbladder and harmonize the Stomach,
eliminate Phlegm and stop vomiting .
Ingredients
• Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 1 Og
Zhi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii) I Og
• Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa-
rata) 1Og
Ju Pi (Exocarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
3g, added 5 minutes before the end of the decoc-
tion process
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 15g
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and transform Phlegm, harmo-
nize the Stomach and bear counterflow downward .
Points : CV 12 Zhongwan, ST 36 Zusanli, PC-6 Neiguan,
ST-40 Fenglong, BL-20 Pishu . LR-13 Zhangmen,
and BL-21 Weishu .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
ducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes .
Explanation
• Combining CV-12 Zhongwan and ST 36 Zusanli,


NAUSEA AND VOMITING 165

?hlegm- the front-mu and . da he (lower uniting) points Explanation

related to the Stomach, with PC-6 Neiguan, one • Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) and Zi Su
of thejiao hui (confluence) points of the eight Ye (Folium Perillae Frutescentis) regulate Qi and
extraordinary vessels, as the main points is loosen the Middle Burner .
water, effective in treating disorders of the Stomach, • Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa-
Heart and chest by harmonizing the Stomach rata), Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis
(Semen
and stopping vomiting. Recens) and Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
Sinapis
• ST-40 Fenglong is an important point for bear counterflow downward, harmonize the
led into
eliminating Phlegm and transforming phlegm- Stomach and stop vomiting.
this will
Fluids. • Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) and Wu Zhu Yu
ds. (Fructus Evodiae Rutaecarpae) complement
sea and • BL-20 Pishu, BL-21 Weishu, LR-13 Zhangmen
and CV 12 Zhongwan, the back-shu and one another; Wu Zhu Yu (Fructus Evodiae Ru-
Forming
front-mu points related to the Spleen and taecarpae) opens with acridity Huang Lian
:h, thus
Stomach, fortify the Spleen and Stomach to (Rhizoma Coptidis) clears Heat with bitterness,
omach's
promote transportation and transformation, dry and both herbs bear downward to stop vomit-
Pen Dan
Dampness and transform Phlegm . ing.
to clear
tomach,
LIVER QI INVADING THE STOMACH Modifications
1 . For a bitter taste in the mouth, stomach dis-
Main symptoms and signs comfort with acid regurgitation, and constipa-
Vomiting, acid regurgitation, frequent belching, and tion, add Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei)
oppression and pain in the chest and hypochon- log, added 10 minutes before the end of the
drium, a red tongue margin with a thin and greasy decoction process, and Zhi Shi (Fructus Imma-
09 coating, and a wiry pulse . turus Cirri Aurantii) 10g to free the Fu organs
Praepa-
and bear turbidity downward .
HERBAL MEDICINE 2. For relatively severe fever, add Zhu Ru (Caulis
Recens) Bambusae in Taeniis) log and Zhi Zi (Fructus
Treatment principle Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 10g to clear the Liver
decoc-
Soothe the Liver and harmonize the Stomach, bear and bear Fire downward .
counterflow downwards and stop vomiting .

Prescription ACUPUNCTURE
BAN XIA HOU PO TANG HE ZUO JIN Treatment principle
WAN JIA JIAN Soothe the Liver and harmonize the Stomach, bear
Pinellia and Magnolia Bark Decoction Combined counterflow downwards and stop vomiting .
harmo- With Left-Running Metal Pill, with modifications
Tnward. Points: CV 12 Zhongwan, ST 36 Zusanli, PC-6 Neiguan,
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa- LR-14 Qimen, and LR-3 Taichong .
Neiguan, rata) log
angmen, Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) log
Zi Su Ye (Folium Perillae Frutescentis) 1Og ducing method. Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
vthe re- Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
30 min- 6g, added 5 minutes before the end of the decoc- Explanation
tion process • Combining CV 12 Zhongwan and ST-36 Zusanli,
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g the front-mu and xia he (lower uniting) points
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 6g related to the Stomach, with PC-6 Neiguan, one
Wu Zhu Yu (Fructus Evodiae Rutaecarpae) log of the jiao hui (confluence) points of the eight
Zusanli,

166 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
extraordinary vessels, as the main points is
effective in treating disorders of the Stomach,
Heart and chest by harmonizing the Stomach
and stopping vomiting.
• LR-14 Qimen and LR-3 Taichong, the front-mu
and yuan (source) points of the Liver channel,
dredge the Liver, regulate Qi and bear counter-
flow downward .
DEFICIENCY PATTERNS
DEFICIENCY COLD OF THE SPLEEN
AND STOMACH
Main symptoms and signs
Repeated or intermittent vomiting after eating or
drinking, a bright white facial complexion, fatigue
and lack of strength, a dry mouth with no desire to
drink, cold limbs, and thin and loose stools . The
tongue body is pale with a thin white coating ; the
pulse is soggy and weak .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Warm the Middle Burner and fortify the Spleen,
harmonize the Stomach and bear counterflow
downward .
Prescription
LI ZHONG WAN
Pill for Regulating the Middle Burner
Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) 10g, decocted separately
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis) 6g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Explanation
• Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) and Bai Zhu (Rhizoma
Atractylodis Macrocephalae) fortify the Spleen
and boost the Stomach .
• Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis) and
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) harmonize the
Middle Burner with warmth and sweetness .
Modifications and alternatives
I . To regulate Qi and bear counterflow downward,
add Sha Ken (Fructus Amomi) 6g, Fa Ban Xia
(Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata) 10g
and Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g.
2. For incessant clear and watery vomit, add Wu
Zhu Yu (Fructus Evodiae Rutaecarpae) 10g to
stop vomiting by warming the Middle Burner
and bearing counterflow downward .
3 . For persistent vomiting due to Liver and Kid-
ney Deficiency and subsequent ascending
counterflow of Qi in the Chong vessel, pre-
scribe Lai Fu Dan (Return Again Special Pill) to
settle counterflow and stop vomiting .
Ingredients
Xuan Jing Shit (Selenitum) 3g
Po Xiaoo (Mirabilitum Non-Purum) 3g
Liu Huang (Sulphur) 3g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g
Qing Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride) 6g
Wu Ling Zhit (Excrementum Trogopteri) 6g
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION
Treatment principle
Warm the Middle Burner and fortify the Spleen,
harmonize the Stomach and bear counterflow
downward .
Points: CV 12 Zhongwan, ST 36 Zusanli, PC-6 Neiguan,
BL-20 Pishu, BL-21 Weishu, CV-4 Guanyuan, and
LR-13 Zhangmen.
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
inforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes. Follow with moxibustion at CV-4 Guanyuan.
Explanation
• Combining CV 12 Zhongwan and ST 36 Zusanli,
the front-mu and xia be (lower uniting) points
related to the Stomach, with PC-6 Neiguan, one
of the jiao hui (confluence) points of the eight
extraordinary vessels, as the main points is
effective in treating disorders of the Stomach,
Heart and chest by harmonizing the Stomach
and stopping vomiting.
• BL-20 Pishu, BL-21 Weishu, LR-13 Zhangmen


NAUSEA AND VOMITING 167

and CV 12 Zhongwan, the back-shu and Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis) 10g, Zhi Mu (Rhi-
,wnward, front-mu points related to the Spleen and zoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) 10g, and Zhu
Ban Xia Stomach, supplement the Spleen and boost the Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 10g to generate
ata) 1Og Stomach to eliminate Deficiency-Cold . Body Fluids and nourish the Stomach .
ae) 6g. • Moxibustion at CV-4 Guanyuan cultivates and
add Wu supplements Original Qi (Yuan Qi) to warm ACUPUNCTURE
:) 1Og to Spleen Yang.
Burner Treatment principle
Enrich and nourish Stomach Yin, bear counterflow
INSUFFICIENCY OF STOMACH YIN
and Kid- downward and stop vomiting.
scending Main symptoms and signs
Recurrent bouts of vomiting, occasional dry retch- Points : CV 12 Zhongwan, ST-36 Zusanli,
;sel, pre-
ing, dry mouth and throat, and no desire for food PC-6 Neiguan, ST-21 Liangmen, KI-3 Taixi,
al Pill) to
despite feeling hungry. The tongue body is red with SP-6 Sanyinjiao, and PC-7 Daling.
a scant coating; the pulse is thready and rapid . This Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the
pattern often occurs in radiotherapy. even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .

HERBAL MEDICINE Explanation

Treatment principle • Combining CV 12 Zhongwan and ST36 Zusanli,
Enrich and nourish Stomach Yin, bear counterflow the front-mu and xia he (lower uniting) points
_) 6g related to the Stomach, with PC-6 Neiguan, one
downward and stop vomiting.
of the jiao hui (confluence) points of the eight
Prescription extraordinary vessels, as the main points is
T MAI MEN DONG TANG effective in treating disorders of the Stomach,
Ophiopogon Decoction Heart and chest by harmonizing the Stomach
and stopping vomiting.
Spleen, Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) 10g, decocted separately
interflow • ST 21 Liangmen bears Stomach Qi downward .
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
PC-7 Daling clears and drains Deficiency-Heat
Jing Mi (Oryza Sativa) 30g
in the Stomach .
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
i Neiguan, • KI-3 Taixi and SP-6 Sanyinjiao enrich Kidney,
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa-
uan, and Spleen and Stomach Yin .
rata) 1Og

ly the re- SUMMARY

Explanation
)-30 min- • Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng), Mat Men Dong (Radix Vomiting can be divided into Deficiency and Ex-
as. Ophiopogonis Japonici), Jing Mi (Oryza Sativa), cess patterns . Sudden onset of vomiting is generally
and Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) enrich and caused by Excess patterns of pathogenic factors
nourish Stomach Yin. and should be treated by dispelling the pathogenic
i Zusanli, • Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa- factor involved . External pathogenic factors invad-
g) points rata) bears counterflow downward and stops ing the Stomach must be accompanied by an exte-
Man, one vomiting. rior pattern.
the eight Stagnation of food is characterized by vomiting,
Doints is Modification distension in the epigastrium, aversion to food,
stomach, For severe loss of fluids, reduce the dosage of Fa putrid belching and acid regurgitation ; Liver Qi
Stomach Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata) to invading the Stomach by vomiting and distension
3g and add Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) 10g, Tian spreading to involve the hypochondrium ; and
hangmen

internal obstruction of Phlegm-Fluids by vomiting
of clear water, phlegm or saliva .
Vomiting in a prolonged illness is generally a re-
flection of Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) Deficiency and re-
quires Vital Qi to be supported . Yang Deficiency of
the Spleen and Stomach is characterized by vomit-
ing accompanied by excessive fatigue, lassitude, cold
limbs and loose stools ; insufficiency of Stomach
Yin by dry retching with dry mouth and throat.
Vomiting in Vital Qi Deficiency patterns mostly
occurs in the later stages of an illness or after treat-
ment and tends to recur intermittently. Onset may
be precipitated by such factors as insufficient
attention to diet or slight fatigue . In the long run,
vomiting will impair absorption of the Essence of
Grain and Water, leading to insufficiency of the
source of transformation and aggravation of the
illness . Treatment should be given promptly to re-
store the overall health situation
Clinical observation reports
COMBINATION OF TCM TREATMENT
WITH ONDANSETRON
Yang et al . reported on the effects of combining
TCM with ondansetron compared with the effects
of ondansetron alone in the treatment of vomiting
caused by chemotherapy in the period from Sep-
tember 1998 to June 2000 .1 8
Groups: One hundred patients were divided ran-
domly by date of admission to hospital into two
equal groups :
• The 50 patients in the TCM plus ondansetron
group, aged from 25 to 76 (mean age: 58 .5), com-
prised 30 cases of lung cancer, 10 of esophageal
cancer, 5 of nasopharyngeal cancer, and 5 of colo-
rectal cancer.
• The ondansetron-only group of 50 patients,
aged from 26 to 75 (mean age : 57 .5), comprised 31
cases of lung cancer, 9 of esophageal cancer, 5 of
pharyngeal cancer, and 5 of colorectal cancer .
Method
• The TCM plus ondansetron group was treated
by Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang He Zhi Shi Xiao Pi Ulan
Jia Jian (Aucklandia and Amomum Six Gentlemen
Decoction Combined With Immature Bitter Or-
ange Pill for Dispersing Focal Distension, with
modifications) combined with chemotherapy with
cisplatin and injection of ondansetron .
• The ondansetron-only group was treated by
chemotherapy with cisplatin and injection of on-
dansetron.
Chemotherapy consisted of intravenous injec-
tion of 8mg of ondansetron given 20 minutes
before intravenous injection of 20mg of cisplatin dis-
solved in 30m1 of saline; 4 hours later, another 8mg
of ondansetron was given by intravenous injection .
TCM TREATMENT
Prescription
XIANG SHA LIU JUN ZI TANG HE ZHI
SHI XIAO PI WAN JIA JIAN
Aucklandia and Amomum Six Gentlemen Decoc-
tion Combined With Immature Bitter Orange Pill
for Dispersing Focal Distension, with modifications
Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) 1 Og
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 30g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 20g
Zhi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Cirri Aurantii) 1 Og
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 20g
Sha Ken (Fructus Amomi) 5g, added 5 minutes
before the end of the decoction process
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 1Og
Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) 15g
Da Fu Pi (Pericarpium Arecae Catechu) 15g
Jiang Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelhae Ternatae cum
Zingibere Praeparatum) 12g
Dai Zhe Shit (Haematitum) 30g
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 10g
Alai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus) 30g
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
10g, added 5 minutes before the end of the decoc-
tion process
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) 8g
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction,
drunk twice a day beginning on the day before
chemotherapy and continuing for six days .


NAUSEA AND VOMITING 169

:ntlemen Results
_tter Or- The main results are shown in Table 4-8 (1) below
)n, with
apy with Table 4-8 (1) Number of patients with nausea or vomiting in the treatment groups

sated by Grade TCM and ondansetron Ondansetron only

i of on- plus chemotherapy group plus chemotherapy group
(no. of patients) (no. of patients)
0 45 36
us injec-
1 3 4
minutes
2 1 5
)latin dis-
3 1 4
ther 8mg
0 1
action.
Note : Grades based on WHO classification : 0 = no reaction; 1 = nausea only; 2 = vomiting for a limited period ; 3 =
vomiting requiring treatment ; 4 = persistent vomiting.

Discussion and conclusion titum), Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis),

The authors asserted that since the drugs used in
IE ZHI chemotherapy are toxic enough to dispel pathogenic
factors and inhibit cancer, they also injure Vital Qi
i Decoc-
(Zheng Qi) and damage the Spleen and Stomach,
ange Pill
leading to impairment of the transportation and
ifications
transformation function . Disturbance of the nor-
mal upward and downward movement of Qi results
in turbidity attacking upwards and causing vomiting .
alae) 20g Hence the formula in combination with the other
log treatments assists in reducing nausea and vomiting
r
and limiting their severity.
minutes
Explanation of the prescription
• Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng), Fu Ling (Sclerotium
Poriae Cocos), Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis
3
Macrocephalae), and Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Gly-
Ltae cum cyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey), the ingredients
of Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction),
fortify the Spleen and augment Qi, support Vi-
tal Qi (Zheng Qi) and consolidate the Root .
• Zhi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii), Mu
Xianf (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae), Sha Ben
(Fructus Amomi), Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri
Reticulatae), Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Offici-
nalis), and Da Fu Pi (Pericarpium Arecae Cat-
echu) move Qi and disperse accumulation.
• Jiang Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelhae Ternatae cum
Zingibere Praeparatum), Dai Zhe Shi$ (Haema-
and Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis
Recens) bear counterflow downward to stop
vomiting.
• Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus)
disperses food accumulation and fortifies the
Stomach.
TREATMENT WITH XUAN FU DAI ZHE
TANG JIA WEI (INULA AND HEMATITE
DECOCTION, WITH ADDITIONS)
Wang et al . investigated the clinical effects of Xuan
Fu Dai Zhe Tang Jia Wlei (Inula and Hematite Decoc-
tion, with additions) in the prevention and treat-
ment of vomiting caused by chemotherapy 69
Group
The clinical observation spanned the period from
October 1996 to April 1997 and covered 72 patients,
45 male and 27 female, aged from 12 to 71 (mean
age : 51 .1) hospitalized for chemotherapy. Of these
patients, 9 were treated for Hodgkin's lymphoma,
12 for colon cancer, 14 for stomach cancer, 10 for
lung cancer, 12 for esophageal cancer, 6 for naso-
pharyngeal cancer, 7 for breast cancer, 1 for syno-
vioma of the knee, and 1 for cancer of the parana-
sal sinuses .
Method
Chemotherapy including cisplatin was given to 41

patients ; chemotherapy without cisplatin was given
to the other 31 patients (cisplatin usually causes se-
vere vomiting) . The chemotherapy regimes were as
follows :
• for malignant lymphoma, CHOP (cyclophos-
phamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) or
CMOP (cyclophosphamide, mechlorethamine, vin-
cristine, prednisone)
• for colon cancer, FCF (5-fluorouracil and Cal-
cium Folinate) or PF (cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil)
• for stomach cancer, PF (cisplatin and
5-fluorouracil) or FAM (5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin
and mitomycin)
• for lung cancer, CAP (cyclophosphamide,
doxorubicin, cisplatin), EP (cisplatin and etoposide)
or MVP (mitomycin, vindesine, cisplatin)
• for esophageal cancer, BFP (bleomycin,
5-fluorouracil, cisplatin)
• for nasopharyngeal cancer, PF (cisplatin and
5-fluorouracil)
• for breast cancer, CMF (cyclophosphamide,
methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil) or CAF (cyclophos-
phamide, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil)
• for synovioma and cancer of the paranasal si-
nuses, AD (doxorubicin and dacarbazine)
Each patient underwent two chemotherapy cycles,
with an interval of two to three weeks between the
two cycles.
The 72 patients were divided randomly into two
equal groups, the AB group and the BA group, ac-
cording to the order of admission to hospital . Each
patient was given the same chemotherapy regime in
the second cycle as that received in the first cycle,
the only difference being the anti-emetic adminis-
tered .
The patients in the AB group were given
anti-emetic regime A (T CM treatment) in the first
cycle of chemotherapy and regime B (ondansetron)
in the second cycle .
The patients in the BA group were given
anti-emetic regime B (ondansetron) in the first cycle
of chemotherapy and regime A (TCM treatment) in
the second cycle .
Anti-emetic treatment
• Regime A: TCM treatment was given to all 72
patients for the same length of time as the relevant
chemotherapy course (the first cycle for the AB
group and the second cycle for the BA group) .
Treatment principle
Augment Qi to supplement Deficiency of Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi), bear Qi downward to calm upward
counterflow
Preliminaries
Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) log was cut into thin
slices, placed in 200m1 of water and decocted over a
low heat for one hour to obtain a concentrated liq-
uid (100m1) . The softened slices of Ren Shen (Radix
Ginseng) were chewed and swallowed with the de-
coction one hour before chemotherapy :
Prescription
XUAN FU DAI ZHE TANG JIA WEI
Inula and Hematite Decoction, with additions
Xuan Fu Hua (Flos Inulae) 1 Og, wrapped
Dai Dai Hua (Flos Citri Aurantii) 1 Og
Dai Zhe Shit (Haematitum) 45g, decocted for 20
minutes before adding the other ingredients
• Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa-
rata) 15g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 1 Og
• Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
10g
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 20g
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 15g
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) 5g
Modifications
1 . For prevalence of Dampness characterized by a
greasy tongue coating and a slippery pulse, Hou
Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis), Bai Dou Kou
(Fructus Amomi Kravanh) and Huo Xiang
(Herba Agastaches seu Pogostemi) were added
to move Qi and transform Dampness .
2 . For prevalence of Heat characterized by a yel-
low tongue coating and a rapid pulse, Zhu Ku
(Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis), LianQiao (Fructus
Forsythiae Suspensae) and Huang Lian (Rhi-
zoma Coptidis) were added to clear the
Middle Burner and quiet the Stomach .


NAUSEA AND VOMITING 171

the AB 3. For exuberant Cold characterized by Stom- for the BA group and the second cycle for the AB
ach-Cold, Wu Zhu Yu (Fructus Evodiae Rutae- group) . Treatment consisted of slow intravenous
tp) .
carpae) and Ding Xiang (Flos Caryophylli) were injection of 8mg of ondansetron dissolved in 60m1
added to warm the Middle Burner and dissipate of 0 .9% sodium chloride for 15 minutes . The injec-
Vital Qi Cold . tion was given 20 minutes before chemotherapy and
upward One bag per day was decocted twice, with the de- 4 and 8 hours after completion of chemotherapy on
coction taken 4 and 8 hours after completion of each day of the chemotherapy course .
chemotherapy on each day of the chemotherapy
course . Results
nto thin
• Regime B: Western anti-emetic medicine was The results of both groups were added together to
~d over a
given to all 72 patients for the same length of time arrive at the overall result for the two anti-emetic
-ated E9-
as the relevant chemotherapy course (the first cycle regimes (see Table 4-8 (2) below) .
?n (Radix
i the de-
Table 4-8 (2) Effect of anti-emetic treatment (number of patients)

Regime A Regime B

ins Treatment with Treatment without Treatment with Treatment without

cisplatin cisplatin cisplatin cisplatin

Significant effect 35 25 31 23
3 for 20 Effective 3 4 5 4
s
Praepa- Some effect 3 1 5 3
No effect 0 0 1

Notes :
Recens) Significant effect : no nausea or vomiting after chemotherapy
Effective : vomiting occurring once or twice within 24 hours
Og Some effect: severe nausea, vomiting 3-5 times within 24 hours
No effect: severe nausea, vomiting more than 5 times within 24 hours
`ied with
Conclusion The TCM treatment was as effective as ondanse-
There was no significant difference between Xuan tron, but did not cause any side-effects . Patients felt
Fu Dai Zhe Tang Jia Wei (Inula and Hematite Decoc- mentally and physically strong, had a good appetite
ized by a tion, with additions) and ondansetron in the pre- and slept well .
ulse, Hou vention and treatment of nausea and vomiting
caused by chemotherapy (P>0.05 ; t test used for Discussion
Dou Kou
statistical purposes) . In terms of pattern identification, vomiting due to
Yo Xiang
:re added However, side-effects occurring during the ad- chemotherapy is a Deficiency-Excess complex with
ministration of ondansetron included five patients Deficiency of Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) as the main factor .
by a yel- with dizziness, three with headache, four with con- • Taking Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) on its own
, Zhu Ru stipation, three with involuntary movements (fidg- before chemotherapy is aimed at restoring the
, (Fructus etiness), and three with diarrhea . No side-effects body's Original Qi (Yuan Qi) to increase the abil-
an (Rhi- were seen during administration of Xuan Fu Dai ity to withstand chemotherapy .
lear the Zhe Tang Jia Wei (Inula and Hematite Decoction, • Xuan Fu Hua (Flos Inulae) bears Qi downward
:h . with additions) . and disperses Phlegm ; in combination with Dai Dai

172 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Hua (Flos Citri Aurantii), it harmonizes the Stom-
ach and bears Stomach Qi downward to eliminate
vomiting and counterflow.
• Dal Zhe Shij= (Haematitum) settles counterflow .
• Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa-
rata) transforms Phlegm, dissipates lumps, bears
counterflow Qi downward and harmonizes the
Stomach.
• Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Re-
cens) is a major herb for stopping vomiting ; it is
also used to reduce the toxicity of Fa Ban Xia (Rhi-
zoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata), and, in com-
bination with Fu Ding (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos), it
fortifies the Spleen and benefits the movement of
water.
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae), Da
Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) and Zhi Gan Cao
(Radix Glycyrrhizae) warm and augment Qi, sup-
plement the Spleen and nourish the Stomach, and
treat the Root by supporting Qi in the Middle
Burner that has already been damaged .
• Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) moves Qi,
transforms Phlegm, dispels pathogenic factors and
quiets the Stomach to bear Qi downward and stop
vomiting.
• The overall prescription augments Qi, harmo-
nizes the Stomach, bears counterflow downward
and stops vomiting.
HERBAL MEDICINE
1 . Indication : nausea and vomiting caused bv_ ra-
diotherapy or chemotherapy.- 1 '
Ingredients
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 30g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atraetylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Fl,,, Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 15g
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Prae-
parata) 15g
Sha Ren (Fructus Amomi) 10g, added 10 minutes
before the end of the decoction process
Ding Xiang (Flos Carvophvlli) 1 Og
Wu Zhu I%i (Fructus Evodiae Rutaecarpae) 12g
Gan Cao (Radix Glvcyrrhizae) 10g
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis
Recens) 20g
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction
taken three times a day beginning on the day before
the start of the chemotherapy course . Treatment
continued during chemotherapy until the symptoms
disappeared .
2 . Indication : nausea and vomiting after radio-
therapy or chemotherapy (with modifications for
dry mouth, and abdominal distension and pain) .-'
Ingredients
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Piiosulae) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 1 Og
• Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 1 Og
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 1 Og
• Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa-
rata) IOg
Sha Ren (Fructus Amomi) 10g, added 5 minutes
before the end of the decoction process
Xuan Fu Hua (Floc Inulae) 1 Og, wrapped
Huo Xiang (Herba Agastaches seu Pogostemi) 1Og
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glvcvrrhizae) 5g
Modi(ications
1 . For drv mouth and a red tongue body, Alai Men
Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g and
S/ii Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) 12g were added .
2 . For tiredness and sleepiness due to obstruc-
tion of Dampness, Pei Lan (Herba Eupatorii
Fortunei) 10g and Ya 1'i Ken (Semen Coicis
Lachryma-jobi) 20g were added .
3 . For abdominal distension and pain, Chen Xiaag
(Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum) 5g, infused in
the prepared decoction, and Xiang Fu (Rhizoma
Cyperi Rotundi) 15g were added .
3 . Indication : nausea and vomiting due to chemo-
therapy.-
I

minutes Prescription
ZHI OU HE JI
Stopping Vomiting Mixture
Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) 15g
Xuan Fu Hua (Flos Inulae) 1Og
Jiang Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae cum
Zingibere Praeparatum) 15g
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
10g
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 15g
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) log
Huang Iran (Rhizoma Coptidis) 1 Og
Wu Zhu Yu (Fructus Evodiae Rutaecarpae) 10g
Dai Zhe Shit (Haematitum) 40g, decocted before the
other ingredients
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction,
taken twice a day, beginning two days prior to the
chemotherapy course .
Modifcations
1 . For severe Damp patterns with a white and
greasy tongue coating and a slippery pulse, Huo
Xiang (Herba Agastaches seu Pogostemi) and
minutes
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
were added .
2 . For Heat signs accompanied by a red tongue
ni) log
body with a yellow coating and a rapid pulse,
7
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) and Huang
Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) were added .
3 . For Qi and Blood Deficiency with a pale tongue
body, a scant tongue coating, and a thready and
Mai Men weak pulse, Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
15g and and Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
dded . were added.
obstruc-
4 . Indication: vomiting due to chemotherapy .%'
Eupatorii
!n Coicis Ingredients
'hen Xiang Jiang Ban Xia (Tuber Pinelliae Ternatae cum
afused in Zingibere Praeparatum) 12g
(Rhizoma Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
9g, added 5 minutes before the end of the decoc-
tion process
o chemo- Fu Isng (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 1 Og
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g
NAUSEA AND VOMITING 173
Modifications
1 . For vomiting accompanied by dizziness, palpita-
tions, poor appetite and a greasy tongue coating,
Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis) log, Bai Zhu
(Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) log, Ze
Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) log, and Shi
Chang Pu (Rhizoma Acori Graminei) log were
added .
2 . For vomiting immediately after taking food, ac-
companied by a yellow tongue coating, the
dosage of Jiang Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae
Ternatae cum Zingibere Praeparatum) was re-
duced to 6g and Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in
Taeniis) 10g, Huo Xiang (Herba Agastaches seu
Pogostemi) log and Huang Qin (Radix Scutel-
lariae Baicalensis) 6g were added .
3 . For mild vomiting accompanied by regurgitation,
nausea, oppression in the chest and irritability,
the dosage of Jiang Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinel iae
Ternatae cum Zingibere Praeparatum) was re-
duced to 6g and the dosage of Sheng Jiang (Rhi-
zoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens) increased to
log. Then, Fo Shou (Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis)
1 Og or Fo Shou Hua (Flos Citri Sarcodactylis) 1 Og,
Dai Dai Hua (Flos Citri Aurantii) 6g, Mei Hua
(Flos Pruni Mume) 6g, and Xuan Fu Hua (Flos
Inulae) 1 Og, wrapped, were added .
4 . For reduced food intake after vomiting, stom-
ach discomfort, and a red tongue body with a
scant coating, the dosage of Jiang Ban Xia (Rhi-
zoma Pinelliae Ternatae cum Zingibere Praepa-
ratum) was reduced to 6g and the dosage of
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Re-
cens) increased to log . Then, Shan Yao (Rhi-
zoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) log, Mai Men
Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 1Og, Ji Nei
Jinn (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli) 6g,
Gu Ya (Fructus Setariae Italicae Germinatus)
log, and Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris
Germinatus) 1 Og were added .
5 . For normal appetite after vomiting, but dis-
comfort after eating and fullness and distension
in the epigastrium and abdomen, the dosage of
Jiang Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae cum
Zingibere Praeparatum) was reduced to 6g and
the dosage of Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis
Officinalis Recens) increased to log . Then, Dang
 Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 10g, Bai
Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 10g,
Bai Bian Dou (Semen Dolichoris Lablab) 10g,
and Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae)
I Og were added.
6. For vomiting and acid regurgitation accompa-
nied by headache and a wiry pulse, the dosage
of Jiang Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae
cum Zingibere Praeparatum) was reduced to 6g
and the dosage of Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma
Zingiberis Officinalis Recens) increased to 10g.
Then, Wu Zhu Yu (Fructus Evodiae Rutaecarpae)
10g and Qing Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Viride) I Og were added .
5. Indication : nausea, vomiting, and hiccoughs
after chemotherapy. i3
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 12g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 12g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 5g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 1 Og
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa-
rata) 1Og
Xuan Fu Hua (Flos Inulae) I Og, wrapped
Dai Zhe Shit (Haematitum) 30g, decocted before the
other ingredients
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis
Recens) 5g, added 5 minutes before the end of
the decoction process
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) I Og
Modifications
1 . For pronounced Deficiency, Dang Shen (Radix
Codonopsitis Pilosulae) was replaced by Ken
Shen (Radix Ginseng) 10g, decocted separately.
2. For insufficiency of Stomach Yin, Mai Men
Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g, Sheng
Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 12g
and Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) 12g were added .
3. For Deficiency of Spleen and Kidney Yang, Rou
Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) 5g, Gan Jiang
(Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis) 5g, Wu Zhu Yu
(Fructus Evodiae Rutaecarpae) 6g, and Ding
Xiang (Flos Caryophylli) 6g were added .
4. For abdominal distension and a greasy tongue
coating, Huo Xiang (Herba Agastaches seu
Pogostemi) 10g, Zi Su Ye (Folium Perillae Fru-
tescentis) 10g and Hon Po (Cortex Magnoliae
Officinalis) I Og were added .
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction
taken three times a day. For severe vomiting, the
decoction can be concentrated and taken in small
portions from time to time until the symptoms dis-
appear .
6. Indication : nausea and vomiting due to Spleen
and Stomach Deficiency during chemotherapy for
intermediate-stage and late-stage malignant tumors .74
Ingredients
Jiang Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae cum Zingibere
Praeparatum) 15g
Zhi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii) 15g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 15g
Fu Zing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 20g
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 20g
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
20g, added 5 minutes from the end of the decoc-
tion process
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 10g
Hong Shen (Radix Ginseng Rubra) 15g or Dang Shen
(Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 20g
Modifications
1 . For abdominal distension that likes pressure,
Sha Ken (Fructus Amomi) 15g, Shan Zha (Fruc-
tus Crataegi) 15g and Shen Qu (Massa Fermen-
tata) 15g were added .
2 . For Qi Deficiency and profuse sweating, Huang
Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g and Bai
Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) IOg
were added .
3. For acid reflux with a bitter taste or gastric dis-
comfort, Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 6g was
added .
7. Indication : nausea and vomiting due to
Damp-Heat in the Spleen and Stomach after che-
motherapy. 75
Ingredients
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 1 Og


NAUSEA AND VOMITING 175

Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 10g Ingredients

-hes seu
illae Fru- Sha Ren (Fructus Amomi) 10g Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 30g
4agnoliae Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) I Og Bai Bian Dou (Semen Dolichoris Lablab) 30g
Cao Guo (Fructus Amomi Tsaoko) 10g Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
iecoction • Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
iting, the • Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Fang Feng (Radix Ledebouriellae Divaricatae) 1 Og
in small Praeparata) 15g Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 10g
toms dis- Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 5g Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 1 Og
Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis) 5g Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 5g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 5g Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ugustici Chuanxiong) 5g
to Spleen
Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi) 5g
erapy for
umors.% 4 Modifications
1 . For severe nausea and vomiting, Zi Su Ye Modification
(Folium Perillae Frutescentis) 10g and Huo For poor appetite despite a lessening of abdominal
Xiang Geng (Caulis Agastaches seu Pogostemi) pain, Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi) and Chuan
Zingibere
30g were added . Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) were re-
2 . For abdominal pain, Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae placed by ShenQu (Massa Fermentata) 1Og and Shan
15g
Lactiflorae) 20-30g was added . Zha (Fructus Crataegi) 10g.
3 . For dry mouth with a desire for drinks, Shi Hu* 10 . Indication : nausea and vomiting due to severe
(Herba Dendrobii) 15g and Tai Zi Shen (Radix Heat after chemotherapy. 78
Recens) Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae) 30g were added .
ie decoc- One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction Ingredients
boiled down to 250-300 ml, divided into portions Shi Gaot (Gypsum Fibrosum) 100g, decocted before
and drunk 3-6 times a day. the other ingredients
Dang Shen
8 . Indication : nausea and vomiting due to food Ma Huang* (Herba Ephedrae) 1 Og
accumulation and stagnation after chemotherapy .76 Xing Ken (Semen Pruni Armeniacae) 1 Og
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 10g
Ingredients Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 10g
pressure, Xuan Fu Hua (Flos Inulae) 1 Og, wrapped
'ha (Fruc- ShenQu (Massa Fermentata) 10g Dai Zhe Shil (Haematitum) 30g, decocted before the
Fermen- Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi) 10g other ingredients
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 1 Og Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 30g
ig, Huang • Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 5g
and Bai Praeparata) IOg Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) 6g
ialae) 1Og Lai Fu Zi (Semen Raphani Sativi) 1 Og
11 . Indication : nausea, vomiting and constipation
Ji Nei Jint (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae
astric dis- in Excess patterns after chemotherapy.79
Galli) 5g
is) 6g was Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 5g Ingredients
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 30g
Gu Ya (Fructus Setariae Italicae Germinatus) 30g Dai Zhe Shit (Haematitum) 30g, decocted before the
due to
other ingredients
after che- Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus) 30g
• Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 30g
9 . Indication : nausea, vomiting and abdominal Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 30g
pain due to binding depression of Liver Qi after Xuan Fu Hua (Flos Inulae) 1 Og, wrapped
chemotherapy.? • Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata) 1 Og

176 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu Adenophorae) 10g
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 10g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 1 Og
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 6g, added 10
minutes before the end of the decoction process
Sheng Jiang Zhi (Succus Rhizomatis Zingiberis Offi-
cinalis Recens) 10ml, added 5 minutes before the
end of the decoction process
Modification
When bowel movements were freed, Da Huang
(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) was removed and Chen Pi
(Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 10g added .
Other treatment methods
MOXIBUSTION
Indication : nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and
diarrhea during chemotherapy°
Points
Group 1 (patients in a supine position) : PC-6 Neiguan,
CV 12 Zhongwan, ST-36 Zusanli, ST-25 Tianshu,
CV-4 Guanyuan, and CV-8 Shenque .
Group 2 (patients in a prone position) : BL-23 Shenshu,
BL-20 Pishu and BL-17 Geshu.
Technique : Moxibustion on ginger was applied for
15-30 minutes until the skin reddened locally . The
ginger slices and moxa cones were changed when
the patient felt a burning sensation .
Course
• For mild side-effects (nausea and temporary
vomiting that lasted for no more than two days after
termination of chemotherapy and was bearable by
patients), moxibustion on ginger was applied once
after the end of a chemotherapy session .
• For moderate side-effects (aggravated nausea
and vomiting that was difficult for patients to toler-
ate and required treatment, and lasted for three days
after termination of chemotherapy), moxibustion
was applied for three consecutive days after che-
motherapy.
• For severe side-effects (persistent vomiting, se-
vere abdominal pain and diarrhea), moxibustion was
applied before and after each session of chemo-
therapy until the course was completed .
Observation of outcome
• In 32 cases with mild side-effects, symptoms
disappeared completely.
• In 51 cases with moderate side-effects, symp-
toms showed a marked improvement in 24 patients,
some improvement in 21 patients, and no im-
provement in 6 patients .
• Five out of eight cases with severe side-effects
showed a marked improvement .
EAR ACUPUNCTURE
Indication : nausea, vomiting and discomfort in the
stomach and abdomen after chemotherapy 81
Points : Sympathetic Nerve, Stomach, Spleen, Car-
diac Orifice (or Esophagus), and Shenmen (or
Brain) .
Technique : After routine disinfection, Wang Bu Liu
Xing (Semen Vaccariae Segetalis) seeds were placed
on a 6mm 2 piece of adhesive plaster and then taped
to the ear points . Patients were told to press the
seeds 5-6 times a day for one minute to elicit toler-
able pain. The seeds were discarded after three days .
The treatment was repeated if the patient still felt
discomfort in the stomach and abdomen .
 Anorexia
d nausea
s to toler-
three days
)xibustion
after che-

airing, se-
istion was
f chemo-
Anorexia, or poor appetite, is a frequent complication of the treatment of tumors. If not
addressed, it may directly hamper the treatment and rehabilitation of the patient .
Poor or reduced appetite is a very common symptom during radiotherapy and chemo-
symptoms therapy courses . The effect of the irradiation or the chemotherapeutic agents coupled with
the toxic material released from the tumor will disturb bodily functions and cause changes
:ts, symp- in the digestive system . Loss of appetite is progressive and may be accompa}iied by ab-
4 patients, dominal distension and discomfort after eating . The condition will worsen as the course of
I no im- radiotherapy or chemotherapy continues .

de-effects
Etiology and pathology
Although poor appetite manifests mainly in the Stomach, its pathology is closely associated
with the Spleen, Liver and Kidneys. Poor appetite is related to functional disharmony of
Fort in the the Zang-Fu organs, especially the Spleen and Stomach . Radiotherapy or chemotherapeutic
81
agents cause local tissue edema and impair the functioning of the digestive tract, aggravat-
ing any adverse reactions there .
J~

leen, Car-
a nen (or Damage to the Spleen and Stomach
When the Spleen and Stomach are injured during chemotherapy or radiotherapy, their
transportation and transformation function will be impaired, and food will not be digested
zng Bu properly. Additionally, dietary irregularities will result in disharmony of the Stomach's
Liu

°re placed downward-bearing function . Patients with tumors generally have a weakened constitution,
hen taped which makes it easier for external pathogenic factors to invade the Spleen and Stomach
press the and disturb their functions . When the Spleen cannot transport and transform and the
licit toler- Stomach cannot bear downward harmoniously, digestion is impaired and appetite reduced .
hree days .
it still felt
Emotional disturbances
Patients with tumors, especially those undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy, often
suffer from emotional disturbances and mood changes due to the side-effects of these
therapies ; these emotional disturbances affect the Liver's function of ensuring the smooth
flow of Qi . If transverse counterflow of Liver Qi invades the Stomach, this will cause dis-
harmony between the Liver and the Stomach and the harmonious downward-bearing
function of Stomach Qi will be impeded . Anxiety or worry damages the Spleen, lead-
ing to failure of the Spleen's transportation and transformation function .
Food is not digested properly and appetite is reduced .
178 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Spleen and Stomach Deficiency
A prolonged illness such as cancer weakens the
"oleen and Stomach . Insufficiency of Stomach Yin
~ter chemotherapy or radiotherapy hampers the
Stop tach's moistening function . Spleen Deficiency
will affect the Kidneys, resulting in debilitation of
Fire at the Gate of Vitality. When Kidney Yang is
Deficient, the Kidneys are unable to help the Spleen
and Stomach to digest and transform water and
food . Water turns into Dampness and food stag-
nates . Dampness and turbidity will accumulate in
the interior to impair the upward and downward
movements of Qi, and prevent separation of the
clear from the turbid. All these factors can cause
poor appetite .
General treatment methods
Poor appetite can be acute or chronic, and may per-
sist or be relieved quickly. An acute condition of
short duration is generally caused by invasion of
pathogenic factors and excessive eating and drink-
ing, and is an Excess pattern . Once pathogenic fac-
tors are eliminated, food intake will soon return to
normal. Although there is no specific mention of
anorexia due to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in
TCM, general treatment for anorexia can be applied
based on the pattern identification discussed below .
Chronic conditions are usually caused by Defi-
ciency and weakness ofthe Spleen and Stomach,
Deficiency of Spleen and Kidney Yang, or emo-
tional disturbances. These can present as a Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi) Deficiency pattern or be complicated by
Excess patterns involving pathogenic factors . Such
conditions are protracted, recurrent and of varying
severity.
Deficiency and Excess patterns can be the origin
and outcome of each other . Excess patterns can
change into Deficiency patterns if treated inappro-
priately or not at all, or if an excessive dosage of
materia medica for restraining the Spleen and
Stomach is employed, so that Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) is
exhausted .
If Deficiency patterns are treated inappro-
priately or there is an invasion of pathogenic
factors, the condition will be aggravated and in
severe cases appetite may be lost completely .
Commonly used materia medica
Dang Shez (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata)
Fu Lang (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
Bai Zbu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Mu Xiang' (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae)
Sha Ren (Fructus Amomi)
Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii)
ShenQu (Massa Fermentata)
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri)
Commonly used acupuncture points
ST-36 Zusanli
BL-21 Weishu
BL-20 Pishu
PC-6 Neiguan
CV 12 Zhongwan
SP-9 Yinlingquan
CV-6 Qihai
Pattern identification and
treatment principles
As stated in the introduction to this section, radio-
therapy or chemotherapy coupled with the toxic
material released from the tumors being treated will
disturb bodily functions and cause changes in the
digestive system . However, there are no appetite
loss patterns specific to these therapies and com-
mon prescriptions formulated according to pattern
identification can be used as a basis for treatment,
as outlined below
EXTERNAL PATHOGENIC FACTORS
INVADING THE STOMACH
Pathology
During chemotherapy or radiotherapy, a patient's
general constitution is weak . External pathogenic
factors can easily invade the body to restrict the ex-
terior and harass the Stomach, resulting in impair-
ment of the Stomach's downward-bearing function
and the Spleen's transportation function .

Main symptoms and signs
Sudden loss of appetite .
• With invasion of Wind-Cold, accompanying
symptoms and signs include aversion to cold, fever,
eparata) headache, absence of sweating, a pale tongue body
with a thin white coating, and a floating and tight pulse .
lae) • With invasion of Wind-Heat, accompanying
symptoms and signs include aversion to cold, fever,
headache and sweating, a red tongue body with a
thin yellow coating, and a rapid pulse .
• Invasion of Summerheat-Damp occurs in a
long summer and is characterized by nausea and
vomiting, fever, sweating, thirst, a sensation of gen-
eralized heaviness, oppression in the chest, a red
tongue body with a yellow and greasy coating, and a
soggy and rapid pulse .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Dredge and release external pathogenic factors,
arouse the Stomach and move the Spleen .
Prescription
HUO XIANG ZHENG QI SAN JIA JIAN
Agastache/Patchouli Vital Qi Powder, with
modifications
n, radio- Huo Xiang (Herba Agastaches seu Pogostemi) 10g
he toxic Zi Su Ye (Folium Perillae Frutescentis) 1 Og
sated will Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g
°s in the • Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa-
appetite rata) 1Og
nd com • Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
pattern Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
e atment, Da Fu Pi (Pericarpium Arecae Catechu) 1 Og
Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) 10g
Bai Zhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae) 1 Og
)RS Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
6g, added 5 minutes before the end of the decoc-
tion process
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 15g
patient's
Lthogenic
:t the ex- Explanation
1 impair- • This prescription is indicated for disorders
function caused by invasion of Wind, Cold and/or
Dampness.
ANOREXIA 179
Huo Xiang (Herba Agastaches seu Pogostemi),
Zi Su Ye (Folium Perillae Frutescentis) and Bai
Zhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae) dredge patho-
genic factors and release the exterior, and aro-
matically transform Dampness .
• Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Bai Zhu
(Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) and Fu
Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) fortify the
Spleen and benefit the movement of Dampness .
• Da Fu Pi (Pericarpium Arecae Catechu), Hou Po
(Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) and Fa Ban Xia
(Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata) move
Qi and dry Dampness .
• Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Re
cens) and Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae)
harmonize the Stomach .
Modification
For fever and aversion to cold, add Jing Jie (Herba
Schizonepetae Tenuifoliae) 1 Og and Fang Feng (Radix
Ledebouriellae Divaricatae) 10g.
Alternative prescriptions
• Treat cases of Wind-Heat invading the Stomach
with Yin Qiao San Jia Jian (Honeysuckle and For-
sythia Powder, with modifications) .
LianQiao (Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae) 9g
Jin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) 9g
fie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) 6g
Bo He (Herba Menthae Haplocalycis) 6g
Dan Zhu Ie (Herba Lophatheri Gracilis) 6g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 5g
Jing Jie Sui (Spica Schizonepetae Tenuifoliae) 5g
Dan Dou Chi (Semen Sojae Praeparatum) 5g
Niu Bang Zi (Fructus Arctii Lappae) 9g
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Re-
cens) 6g
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa-
rata) 1Og
• Treat poor appetite due to Summerheat-Damp
with Xin Jia Xiang Ru Yin Jia Jian (Newly Supple-
mented Aromatic Madder Beverage, with modifica-
tions) .
Xiang Ru (Herba Elsholtziae seu Moslae) 6g
Jin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) 9g

180 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Xian Bai Bian Don (Semen Dolichoris Lablab
Recens) 9g
Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) 6g
L ian Oiao (Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae) 9g
Da Fu Pi (Pericarpium Arecae Catechu) I Og
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae
Praeparata) 10g
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION
Treatment principle
Dredge and release external pathogenic factors,
arouse the Stomach and move the Spleen .
Main points : CV 12 Zhongwan, ST-36 Zusanli,
ST 21 Liangmen, CV-10 Xiawan, and BL-21 Weishu .
Auxiliary points
• For invasion of Wind-Cold, add ST-25 Tianshu and
TB-5 Waiguan .
• For invasion of Wind-Heat, add LI-4 Hegu and
GV 14 Dazhui .
• For invasion of Wind-Damp, add SP-9 Yin-
lingquan and TB-6 Zhigou .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
ducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes . In cases with invasion of Cold, apply
moxibustion at the points ; in cases with invasion of
Heat, apply cupping therapy over the needles .
Explanation
• Combining CV 12 Zhongwan and BL-21 Weishu,
the back-shu and front-mu points related to the
Stomach, with ST-36 Zusanli fortifies the
Spleen and harmonizes the Stomach to pro-
mote the appetite .
• Local points ST 21 Liangmen and CVl0 Xiawan
regulate the functional activities of Qi in the
Stomach and Intestines .
• TB-5 Waiguan, an important point for dispelling
Wind and releasing the exterior, dredges and
releases external pathogenic factors .
• ST-25 Tianshu, the front-mu point of the Large
Intestine, regulates the Intestines .
LI-4 Hegu and GV 14 Dazhui dredge Wind and
clear Heat .
• SP-9 Yinlingquan and TB-6 Zhigou eliminate
Dampness and regulate Qi in the Triple Burner .
COLLECTION AND STAGNATION OF
FOOD AND DRINK
Pathology
Food damages the Stomach and stagnates in the
Middle Burner to impair the Spleen's transportation
function and inhibit the functional activities of Qi .
Main symptoms and signs
No desire for food, distension, fullness and pain in
the epigastrium and abdomen, belching and acid
regurgitation, and foul-smelling loose stools or con-
stipation . The tongue body is pale with a thick
greasy coating; the pulse is slippery .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Disperse food accumulation and guide out stagna-
tion, harmonize the Spleen and Stomach .
Prescription
ZHI SHI DAO ZHI WAN JIA JIAN
Immature Bitter Orange Pill for Guiding Out Stag-
nation, with modifications
Zhi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii) 10g
Zhi Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, processed
with alcohol) 10g, added 10 minutes before the end
of the decoction process
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 6g
HuangOin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 10g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractvlodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Shen Ou (Massa Fermentata) 30g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 6g
Jiao Shan 7-ha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried) 15g
Explanation
• Zhi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii)
moves Qi and guides out stagnation .
• Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), Huang Lian


ANOREXIA 181

(Rhizoma Coptidis) and Huang Qin (Radix • PC-6 Neiguan and SP-4 Gongsun, both of
X ind and
Scutellariae Baicalensis) clear Heat, disperse which are jiao but (confluence) points of the
food accumulation and guide out stagnation . eight extraordinary vessels, are very effective in
eliminate
• Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) treating disorders of the Stomach and Intestines .
Burner . CV 10 Xiawan and ST-44 Neiting disperse food
and Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) fortify •
accumulation and guide out stagnation .
the Spleen .
OF • Shen Qu (Massa Fermentata), Mu Xiant (Radix
Aucklandiae Lappae) and Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus LIVER QI INVADING THE STOMACH
Crataegi, scorch-fried) move Qi and harmonize
Pathology
°s in the the Stomach . Constrained Liver Qi leads to transverse counter-
portation flow invading the Stomach, impairing its harmoni-
s of Qi . Modifications ous downward-bearing function and disturbing the
1 . For vomiting, add Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinel- Spleen's transportation function.
liae Ternatae Praeparata) 1Og and Chen Pi
d pain in (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g. Main symptoms and signs
and acid 2 . For damage due to alcohol, add Ge Hua (Floc Oppression in the chest and pain in the hypochon-
s or con- Puerariae) 10g. drium during emotional disturbances (particularly
a thick depression), loss of appetite, distension in the
3 . For wheat-type food damage, add Chao Gu Ya
stomach after eating, frequent belching with a feel-
(Fructus Setariae Italicae Germinates, stir-fried)
ing of comfort thereafter, a red tongue margin with
30g and Chao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris
a thin tongue coating, and a wiry pulse .
Germinatus, stir-fried) 30g.
4 . For damage due to raw and cold foods, replace
Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) and HERBAL MEDICINE
tt stagna- Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) by Gan Jiang Treatment principle
(Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis) 6g and Sha Ren Dredge the Liver and regulate Qi, harmonize the
(Fructus Amomi), 6g, added 10 minutes before Stomach and fortify the Spleen .
the end of the decoction process .
Prescription
)ut Stag-
SI NI SAN HE SI QI TANG JIA JIAN
ACUPUNCTURE
Counterflow Cold Powder Combined With
log Treatment principle Four-Seven Decoction, with modifications
)rocessed Disperse food accumulation and guide out stagna-
tion, harmonize the Spleen and Stomach . Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) I Og
the end Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) I Og
Points : CV-12 Zhongwan, ST-36 Zusanli, Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) I Og
PC-6 Neiguan, SP-4 Gongsun, CV-10 Xiawan, • Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata) 1 Og
Og and ST-44 Neiting. Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) I Og
ilae) 15g Zi Su Ye (Folium Perillae Frutescentis) 1Og
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re- • Lang (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
ducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min- Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
utes . Mu Gua (Fructus Chaenomelis) 15g
3) 15g
Explanation Explanation
• CV 12 Zhongwan and ST-36 Zusanli, the • Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) and Zhi Ke (Fructus
Aurantii) front-mu and xia he (lower uniting) points re- Citri Aurantii) dredge the liver and regulate Qi.
lated to the Stomach, regulate the Spleen and • Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
Stomach . emolliates the Liver and alleviates pain .
Yang Lian

182 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelhae Ternatae Praepa-
rata), Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) and
Zi Su Ye (Folium Perillae Frutescentis) dry
Dampness and move Qi .
• Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) and Gan Cao
(Radix Glycyrrhizae) fortify the Spleen and
benefit the movement of Dampness .
• Mu Gua (Fructus Chaenomelis) transforms
Dampness and harmonizes the Stomach .
Modifications
1 . For binding Depression of Liver Qi transform-
ing into Heat, accompanied by acid regurgita-
tion, add Zuo fin Wan (Left-Running Metal Pill) .
2. For damage to Yin, add Shi Hu* (Herba Den-
drobii) 1Og and Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu
Adenophorae) 15g.
3. For Qi stagnation and Blood stasis, add Dan
Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 15g and Shan
Zha (Fructus Crataegi) 15g.
4. For Spleen Deficiency with loose stools and lack
of strength, add Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Oppositae) 30g and Chao Bai Bian Dou (Semen
Dolichoris Lablab, stir-fried) 30g .
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Dredge the Liver and regulate Qi, harmonize the
Stomach and fortify the Spleen .
Points : BL-18 Ganshu, LR-14 Qimen, CV 12 Zhongwan,
ST 36 Zusanli, LR-3 Taichong, PC-6 Neiguan, and
ST-25 Tianshu .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
ducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes .
Explanation
• BL-18 Ganshu, LR-14 Qimen and LR-3 Taichong
soothe the Liver and regulate Qi .
• CV 12 Zhongwan, ST 36 Zusanli and ST 25 Tian-
shu regulate the functional activities of Qi in
the Spleen, Stomach and Intestines to harmo-
nize the Stomach and fortify the Spleen .
• PC-6 Neiguan loosens the chest and harmo-
nizes the Stomach.
DAMPNESS ENCUMBERING SPLEEN-
EARTH
Pathology
When Dampness encumbers the Spleen and Stom-
ach, the Spleen cannot transport and transform
properly, the normal upward and downward
movement of Qi is disturbed, and the harmonious
downward-bearing function of the Stomach is im-
paired .
Main symptoms and signs
Obliviousness to hunger, loss of appetite, focal
distension and oppression in the stomach and
abdomen, a generalized feeling of fullness and
discomfort, heavy body and limbs, fatigue, dizziness,
nausea with a desire to vomit, and loose stools but
inhibited defecation . The tongue body is pale with a
thick greasy coating ; the pulse is slippery, or soggy
and thready.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Dispel Dampness and move the Spleen, normalize
Qi and loosen the Middle Burner.
Prescription
CANG BAI ER CHEN TANG JIA JIAN
Atractylodes and Two Matured Ingredients Decoc-
tion, with modifications
Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis) 1 Og
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 1Og
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelline Ternatae Praeparata) 1 Og
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae) 6g
Fu Zing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Zhi Ke (Fructus Cirri Aurantii) 1 Og
Sha Ren (Fructus Amomi) 6g, added 10 minutes
before the end of the decoction process
Pei Lan (Herba Eupatorii Fortunei) 1 Og
Explanation
• Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis), Fa Ban Xia


ANOREXIA 183

harmo- (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata) and Pei • CV 12 Zhongwan and CV 13 Shangwan regu-
Lan (Herba Eupatorii Fortunei) dispel Damp- late the functional activities of Qi locally to
ness and move Spleen Qi . normalize Qi and loosen the Middle Burner.
--N- • Chen Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae), Bai Zhu
(Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae), Fu Ling SPLEEN AND STOMACH DEFICIENCY
(Sclerotium Poriae Cocos), and Gan Cao (Radix WITH FOOD STAGNATION
Glycyrrhizae) fortify the Spleen, benefit the
d Stom- movement of Dampness and harmonize the Pathology
ansform Middle Burner. Spleen and Stomach Deficiency impairs transporta-
)wnward tion and transformation and slows digestion of
• Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) and Sha Ken
nonious (Fructus Amomi) normalize Qi and loosen the food in the Stomach.
:h is im- Middle Burner. Main symptoms and signs
Obliviousness to hunger, reduced appetite, discom-
Modifications fort in the chest and stomach, shortness of breath,
:e, focal 1 . Where Dampness has transformed into Heat fatigue and lack of strength, no desire to speak, and
ich and and both Heat and Dampness are severe, add loose stools . The tongue body is pale with a thin
ess and Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 6g, Lx Gen white coating; The pulse is thready, or deficient,
iizziness, (Rhizoma Phragmitis Communis) 30g and Hua large and forceless.
ools but Shit (Talcum) 30g, wrapped .
le with a 2 . In cases complicated by food stagnation, add HERBAL MEDICINE
)r soggy Shen Qu (Massa Fermentata) 30g and Mai Ya
Treatment principle
(Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus) 30g .
Augment Qi and fortify the Spleen, bear the clear
For Qi Deficiency of the Spleen and Stom-
upward and the turbid downward .
ach, add Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pi-
losulae) 10g. Prescription
GU SHEN WAN JIA JIAN
:)rmalize
ACUPUNCTURE Grain Spirit Pill, with modifications

Treatment principle Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g

Dispel Dampness and move the Spleen, normalize Sha Ren (Fructus Amomi) 6g, added 10 minutes
J
Qi and loosen the Middle Burner . before the end of the decoction process
Decoc-
ShenQu (Massa Fermentata) 30g
Points : BL-20 Pishu, SP-9 Yinlingquan, Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi) 1 Og
CV 12 Zhongwan, CV 13 Shangwan, ST 36 Zusanli, Qing Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride) 6g
lae) 1Og and ST-40 Fenglong. Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 1 Og
ata) IOg Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) 1Og
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 10g
even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes . San L eng (Rhizoma Sparganii Stoloniferi) 1 Og
Chao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
Explanation stir-fried) 30g
minutes • BL-20 Pishu and ST-36 Zusanli fortify the
Spleen and Stomach to benefit transportation Explanation
and transformation. • Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) aug-
• SP-9 Yinlingquan and ST-40 Fenglong benefit ments Qi and fortifies the Spleen .
the movement of water and transform • Sha Ken (Fructus Amomi), Xiang Fu (Rhizoma
Ban Xia Phlegm-Fluids . Cyperi Rotundi), Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri

Reticulatae), and Zbi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii)
dry Dampness and move Qi .
• E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae), San Leng (Rhizoma
Sparganii Stoloniferi) and Qing Pi (Pericarpium
Citri Reticulatae Viride) break up Qi stagnation
and transform accumulation.
• Shen O (Massa Fermentata) and Chao Mai K7
(Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus, stir-fried)
disperse food and transform accumulation .
Modifications
1 . For Qi Deficiency affecting Yang, Deficiency of
Spleen and Stomach Yang, and Cold in the
Middle Burner, add Fu Pen Zi (Fructus Rubi
Chino) 10g and Yi Zhi Ken (Fructus Alpiniae
Oxy phyllae) 10g.
2 . For sinking of Qi in the Middle Burner, and
severe distension after eating relieved by lying
down, add Bu Zhong Yi Qi Wan (Pill for Supple-
menting the Middle Burner and Augmenting Qi)
to raise Qi.
3 . For food accumulation transforming into Heat,
add Lian Qiao (Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae)
1 Og and Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 6g.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and fortify the Spleen, bear the clear
upward and the turbid downward .
Points : BL-20 Pishu, LR-13 Zhangmen,
CV-12 Zhongwan, BL-21 Weishu, ST 36 Zusanli,
and ST-25 Tianshu.
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
inforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes . Apply moxibustion if required .
Explanation
BL-20 Pishu, BL-21 Weishu, LR-13 Zhangmen
and CV 12 Zhongwan, the back-shu and
front-mu points related to the Spleen and
Stomach, augment Qi, fortify the Spleen and
harmonize the Stomach.
• ST 25 Tianshu, the front-mu point related to the
Large Intestine, bears the clear upward and the
turbid downward .
• ST-36 Zusanli, an important point for
strengthening the body, supplements and boosts
the Spleen and Stomach .
DEFICIENCY OF SPLEEN AND STOMACH
YANG
Pathology
Debilitation of Kidney Yang impairs the Spleen's
function of warming and nourishing, leading to
poor digestion and disturbance of the normal up-
ward and downward movement of Qi .
Main symptoms and signs
Slow digestion of food, aching in the lower back
and knees, aversion to cold, cold limbs, thin and
loose stools, non-transformation of food in the
stools, frequent urination at night, and long voidings
of clear urine. The tongue body is pale and enlarged
with a thin white coating ; the pulse is deep and
thready.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Warm and supplement Kidney Yang, augment Qi
and fortify the Spleen .
Prescription
JIU QI DAN HE SI JUN ZI TANG JIA JIAN
Nine Qi Special Pill Combined With Four Gentle-
men Decoction, with modifications
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) 1Og
Wu Zhu Yu (Fructus Evodiae Rutaecarpae) 6g
Fu Zz* (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli Praepa-
rata) 10g, decocted for 30-60 minutes before adding
the other ingredients
Wit Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) 6g
Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corvlifoliae) 1Og
Rou Dou Kou (Semen Mvristicae Fragrantis) 6g
Bi Ba (Fructus Piperis Longi) 1Og
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Pao, jiaug (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Praeparata) 6g
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractvvlodis Macrocephalae) 15g


ANOREXIA 185

Explanation Points: BL-20 Pishu, LR-13 Zhangmen, CV-1 2 Zhong-

)int for
• Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) and wan, BL-21 Weishu, ST-36 Zusanli, ST-25 Tianshu,
id boosts
Fu Zi* (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli BL-23 Shenshu, and CV-4 Guanyuan.
Praeparata) warm and supplement Kidney
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
Yang.
DMACH inforcing method. Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
• Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
utes. Apply moxibustion if required .
Conquita) enriches Kidney Yin, since Yang will
be supplemented when Yin is sufficient .
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae), Bai Explanation
Spleen's
Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) and • BL-20 Pishu, BL-21 Weishu, LR-13 Zhangmen
ading to and CV 12 Zhongwan, the combination of the
rmal up- Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) augment Qi and
fortify the Spleen . back-shu and front-mu points related to the
Spleen and Stomach, augment Qi, fortify the
• Wu Zhu Yu (Fructus Evodiae Rutaecarpae), Rou
Dou Kou (Semen Myristicae Fragrantis), Bi Ba Spleen and harmonize the Stomach.
wer back (Fructus Piperis Longi), and Pao Jiang (Rhizoma • ST-25 Tianshu, the front-mu point related to the
Zingiberis Officinalis Praeparata) warm and Large Intestine, bears the clear upward and the
thin and
supplement Spleen Yang. turbid downward .
d in the
• Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) stops diarrhea • ST-36 Zusanli, an important point for
voidings strengthening the body, supplements and boosts
enlarged by astringing.
the Spleen and Stomach .
leep and • BL-23 Shenshu and CV-4 Guanyuan warm
Modifications Spleen Yang by warming and supplementing
1 . For shortness of breath and lack of strength, Kidney Yang.
add Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
30g.
2 . For severe cold in the back and down the spine, Clinical observation report
ment Q add Lu Jiaot (Cornu Cervi) 1Og, decocted sepa-
rately, and Yi Zhi Ken (Fructus Alpiniae Oxy- TREATMENT ACCORDING TO PATTERN
phyllae) IOg. IDENTIFICATION
3 . For severe aching in the lower back, add Du
JIAN Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis) log and Wang identified three patterns to treat 108 cases of
. Gentle- anorexia caused by chemotherapy . Treatment gener-
Xu Duan (Radix Dipsaci) 15g .
4 . For distension in the epigastrium, add Sha Ken ally began two or three days after stopping chemo
(Fructus Amomi) 6g, added 10 minutes before therapy 82
;ae Con-
the end of the decoction process, Chen Pi (Peri- • Spleen and Stomach Deficiency
carpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g, Shen Qu (Massa
5g
Fermentata) 30g, and Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Main symptoms and signs
Praepa- No desire for food and drink, reduced food intake,
Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata) 10g.
e adding distension and fullness in the abdomen and stomach,
Note : Fu Zz* (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli shortage of Qi and little desire to speak, fatigued
Praeparata) may be replaced by Fu Pen Zi (Fructus limbs, a sallow yellow facial complexion, loose
Og Rubi Chingii) log. stools, a pale tongue body with teeth marks at the
6g margin and a white coating, and a weak and force-
ACUPUNCTURE less pulse .

ata) 6g Treatment principle Treatment principle

'g Warm and supplement Kidney Yang, augment Qi Augment Qi, fortify the Spleen and harmonize the
lae) 15g and fortify the Spleen . Stomach .

186 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Prescription
XIANG SHA LIU JUN ZI TANG JIA JIAN
Aucklandia and Amomum Six Gentlemen Decoc-
tion, with modifications
l ei Mu Xiant (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae, roasted) 6g
Sha Ken (Fructus Amomi) 10g, added 10 minutes
before the end of the decoction process
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae) I Og
Jiao Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,
scorch-fried) 15g
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae) 15g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
Chao Gu Ya (Fructus Setariae Italicae Germinatus,
stir-fried) 30g
Chao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
stir-fried) 30g
Fu Ling (Sderotium Poriae Cocos) 30g
Modification
For insufficiency of Stomach Yin characterized by
dry mouth and a desire for drinks, constipation,
short voidings of scant urine, a red tongue body
with a scant coating, and a thready pulse, add Sheng
DI Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 10g, Sha
Shen (Radix Glehniae seu Adenophorae) 10g and
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 1Og
to enrich and nourish Stomach Yin .
Method
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction,
drunk twice a day. A course of treatment lasted for
seven days.
• Phlegm obstruction due to Damp-Heat in
the Spleen and Stomach
Main symptoms and signs
Oppression in the abdomen and stomach, frequent
nausea, a dry mouth with a bitter taste, no desire for
food and drink, alternating diarrhea and constipa-
tion, short voidings of scant reddish urine, a sallow
yellow facial complexion, itchy skin, generalized
fever not relieved by sweating . a red tongue body
with a yellow and greasy coating, and a soggy and
rapid pulse .
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and transform Dampness, clear
Heat and dispel Phlegm .
Prescription
ER CHEN TANG HE GAN LU XIAO DU
DAN JIA JIAN
Two Matured Ingredients Decoction Combined
With Sweet Dew Special Pill for Dispersing Toxicity,
with modifications
Jiang Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae cum
Zingibere Praeparatum) 10g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae) I Og
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Liu Yi San (Six-To-One Powder) 6g
Huo Xiang (Herba Agastaches seu Pogostemi) 10g
Chao Ga 1Cl (Fructus Setariae Italicae Germinatus,
stir-fried) 30g
Chao Mai ) i (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
stir-fried) 30g
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) I Og
Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae) 30g
Huang Oil, (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) I Og
Bai Dou Kou (Fructus Amomi Kravanh) I Og
Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Offcinalis) 1Og
Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) 6g
Modifications
1 . In the absence of jaundice, remove Yin Chen
Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae) .
2 . For severe vomiting, add Dai Zhe Shit- (Haema-
titum) I Og, decocted for 30 minutes before add-
ing the other ingredients, and Xuan Fu Geng
(Caulis et Folium Inulae) 10g .
Method
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction,
drunk twice a day_ . A course of treatment lasted for
15 days.
• Yang Deficiency of the Spleen and
Stomach
Main symptoms and signs
Cold limbs, a sallow yellow lusterless facial com-
plexion, mental listlessness, cold and pain in the
lower back and knees, cold hands and feet, aversion


ANOREXIA 187

to cold, puffy swelling of the face and limbs, and
difficult urination, a pale tongue body with a red tip
less, clear
and a white coating, and a deep and thready pulse .
Treatment principle
Warm and supplement the Spleen and Kidneys .
Prescription
SHI PI YIN JIA JIAN
Beverage for Firming the Spleen, with modifica-
tions
Fu Zi* (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli Praepa-
rata) 1Og
Jiao Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,
scorch-fried) I Og
Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) 1 Og
Cao Guo (Fructus Amomi Tsaoko) 6g
Bing Lang* (Semen Arecae Catechu) 1 Og
Wei Mu Xiant (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae Usta) 6g
Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis) 6g
Fu Zing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Huai Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) 15g
Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis) 1 Og
Modification
For diarrhea, add Rou Dou Kou (Semen Myristi-
cae Fragrantis) 15g, Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schi-
sandrae) lOg and Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae
Corylifoliae) 10g.
Method
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction,
drunk twice a day. A course of treatment lasted for
10 days.
Results
• Pronounced improvement (symptoms disap-
peared and chemotherapy could be continued
until completion of the course) in 68 patients .
• Some improvement (symptoms alleviated, but
chemotherapy could not be restarted) in 38 pa-
tients .
No improvement (no change in symptoms) in 2
patients .

Yin Chen

(Haema-
-fore add-
Fu Geng

iecoction,
lasted for

tnd

cial com-
in in the
:, aversion
 Dry mouth and tongue
and mouth ulcers

Dry mouth and tongue often occurs when radiotherapy is applied at the head, neck and
chest to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma, carcinoma of the tonsils, and tumors of the max-
illae, cheeks, tongue and the base of the mouth. Irradiation will injure the area involved and
induce inflammation of the oral mucosa and xerostomia (dry mouth due to failure of the
salivary glands) . The parotid and submaxillary glands may become swollen and painful in
patients undergoing radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal tumors, possibly
accompanied by fever. The extent of the injury is directly proportional to the dosage of
radiation. Xerostomia may persist for two to three years or may be lifelong .
Mouth ulcers may also develop, sometimes being so painful as to affect the appetite, and
there may be difficulty in swallowing and speaking; in severe cases, the patient may be
forced to abandon radiotherapy.

Etiology and pathology

Dry mouth and tongue belongs to the Fire-Dryness type of Dryness patterns . The
Essence, Blood and Body Fluids are stored in the five Zang organs, and spittle is generated
from transformation of Qi and Blood . In Su Wen: Xuan Ming WuQi Lan Pian [Plain Ques-
tions: Xuan Ming's Discussions on Five Qi], it says : "The Heart forms sweat, the Lungs
form nasal mucus, the Liver forms tears, the Spleen forms saliva, and the Kidneys form
spittle ; these are the five types of fluids transformed in the Zang organs."

Damage to the internal organs

The occurrence of Dryness is related to internal damage to the Zang-Fu organs . If the
Spleen and Stomach fail to send Body Fluids upward, saliva will diminish and the mouth
become dry. Dry mouth and tongue are also related to insufficiency of Kidney Yin, which
depletes Body Fluids, and to Deficiency of Liver-Blood and Lung-Dryness damaging Yin .

Invasion ofpathogenic factors

Dryness is also related to pathogenic Fire, which tends to flame upward and is the strong-
est factor in creating Dryness . Invasion of pathogenic Warmth, Heat and Dryness con-
sumes Body Fluids and Blood, preventing them from moistening the orifices and
passages adequately. All these pathogenic factors therefore result in dry mouth and tongue.
190 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER

Yin Deficiency Commonly used acupunc ure points

Constitutional Yin Deficiency, injury to the LU-10 Yuji
Essence, or loss of Blood and Body Fluids LI-4 Hegu
consumes Kidney Yin . Yin Deficiency generates KI-6 Zhaohai
internal Heat, which will in turn be transformed LU-7 Lieque
into Fire . Deficiency-Fire flaming upward scorches CV 23 Lianquan
Yin Liquids. Prolonged Yin Deficiency will affect GB-20 Fengchi
Yang and cause Deficiency of the Zang organs, Qi TB-17 Yifeng
and Blood . PC-4 Ximen

Emotional disturbances Pattern identification and

Emotional disturbances cause Liver Depression
and Qi stagnation . Heat transforms into Fire,
scorching Yin Liquids and preventing Body Fluids
from rising to the mouth .
The factors generating Dryness can be summarized
as Deficiency of or damage to the Zang-Fu organs
thus depriving the Body Fluids of their source ;
Spleen Deficiency, which results in failure to dis-
tribute Body Fluids throughout the body ; Heat and
Fire scorching Yin, damaging Body Fluids and
consuming the Blood; and excessive loss of Blood
and Body Fluids consuming Kidney Yin .
General treatment methods
Materia medica for clearing Heat and relieving
Toxicity; and those for nourishing Yin and mois-
tening the Lungs are effective in relieving the
symptoms of xerostomia by reducing atrophy of
the glands in the mouth in patients undergoing
radiotherapy on the neck and upper chest .
Commonly used materia medica
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis)
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici)
Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii)
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis)
Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
Jin Yin Hun (Flos Lonicerae)
Ban Lan Gen (Radix Isatidis seu Baphicacanthi)
Shan Dou Gen (Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis)
Lu Gen (Rhizoma Phragmitis Communis)
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis)
treatment principles
YIN DEFICIENCY
Main symptoms and signs
Dry mouth and throat, thirst with no desire for
drinks or not relieved by drinking, inability to
swallow solid food unless accompanied by water,
tidal reddening of the face, a sensation of heat in
the soles, palms and center of the chest, emaciation
and weakness, insomnia, dizziness, skin blotches,
bleeding gums, and bloody scabs in the nose . The
tongue body is red, thin and dry with a scant coat-
ing or no coating; the pulse is thready and rapid .
HERBAL MEDICINE
PREVALENCE OF LUNG YIN
DEFICIENCY
Accompanying symptoms and signs
Dry and sore throat, a dry cough without phlegm
or with difficult expectoration, and loss of voice .
Treatment principle
Nourish Yin and clear the Lungs, generate Body
Fluids and moisten Dryness .
Prescription
BAI HE GU JIN TANG JIA JIAN
Lily Bulb Decoction for Consolidating Metal, with
modifications
Bai He (Bulbus Lilii) 15g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g

DRY MOUTH AND TONGUE AND MOUTH ULCERS 191
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita) 15g
Nan Sha Shen (Radix Adenophorae) 15g
Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) 15g
Tian Men Dong (Radix Asparagi Cochin-
chinensis) 15g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae) 15g
Lu Gen (Rhizoma Phragmitis Communis) 30g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) 1 Og
Explanation
• Bai He (Bulbus T .ilii), Mai Men Don,g (Radix
Ophiopogonis Japonici), Lu Gen (Rhizoma
Phragmitis Communis), Nan Sha Shen (Radix
Adenophorae), and Bei Sha Shen (Radix
lesire for Glehniae Littoralis) nourish Yin and clear Heat
ability to in the Lungs .
by water, Tian Men Dong (Radix Asparagi Cochinchinen
)f heat in sis), Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Gluti-
maciation nosae) and Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae
blotches, Glutinosae Conquita) nourish Yin and moisten
aose . The Dryness.
• Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae) and Jie Geng (Radix
:ant coat-
Platycodi Grandiflori) clear the Lungs and stop
rapid .
coughing.
• Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) regulates and
harmonizes the properties of the other ingre-
dients.
PREVALENCE OF SPLEEN AND STOMACH
YIN DEFICIENCY
it phlegm Accompanying symptoms and signs
voice . Dry retching, no pleasure in eating or no thought
of food and drink, dryness, cracking, desquamation,
bleeding and pain at the corners of the mouth, and
-ate Body
constipation.
Treatment principle
Nourish Yin and moisten Dryness, generate Body
:etal, with Fluids and alleviate thirst.
Prescription
YI WEI TANG JIA JIAN
Decoction for Boosting the Stomach, with modi-
.osae) 15g
fications
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Yu Zhu (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati) 1Og
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) 15g
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis) 15g
Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus) 30g
Gu Ya (Fructus Setariae Italicae Germinatus) 30g
Ge Gen (Radix Puerariae) 15g
Explanation
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis), Sheng Di
Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) and Yu
Zhu (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati) nourish Yin
and moisten Dryness.
• Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici)
and Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) generate Body
Fluids and boost the Stomach .
• Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus),
Gu Ya (Fructus Setariae Italicae Germinatus)
and Ge Gen (Radix Puerariae) moisten Dryness
and arouse the Spleen.
PREVALENCE OF LIVER YIN
DEFICIENCY
Accompanying symptoms and signs
Dizziness, dry eyes without lacrimation, red eyes
and photophobia, blurred vision, distending pain in
the hypochondrium, painful and hypertonic mus-
cles, and swollen eyes .
Treatment principle
Nourish Yin, emolliate the Liver and brighten the
eyes.
Prescription
YI GUAN JIAN HE BU GAN TANG JIA
JIAN
All-the-Way-Through Brew Combined With
Liver-Supplementing Decoction, with modifica-
tions
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g

Explanation
• Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
and Mai Alen Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Ja-
ponici) supplement and augment Liver Yin .
• Gou Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii) and Bai Shao (Radix
Paeoniae Lactiflorae) emolliate the Liver and
constrain Yin.
Modifications
1 . For dizziness, add Ju Hua (Flos Chrysanthemi
Morifolii) 15g and Zhen Zhu Mut (Concha
Margaritifera) 30g to clear and calm the Liver.
2. For muscle pain affecting the joints, add Mu
Gua (Fructus Chaenomelis) 15g, Ji Xue Teng
(Caulis Spatholobi) 30g and Sang Ji Sheng (Ra-
mulus Loranthi) 15g to soothe the sinews and
invigorate the network vessels.
3. For swollen cheeks, add Ji Xue Teng (Caulis
Spatholobi) 30g, Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis
Bidentatae) 15g and Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus
Meliae Toosendan) 15g to invigorate the Blood
and dispel Blood stasis .
PREVALENCE OF KIDNEY YIN
DEFICIENCY
Accompanying symptoms and signs
Deafness, tinnitus, occasional low-grade fever, par-
ticularly in the afternoon, dry throat with discom-
fort, congealed saliva in the larynx causing obstruc-
tion and difficulty in coughing, and limpness and
aching in the lower back and knees .
Treatment principle
Supplement the Kidneys and replenish the Essence,
nourish Yin and generate Body Fluids .
Prescription
ZUO GUI WAN JIA JIAN
Restoring the Left [Kidney Yin] Pill, with modifica-
tions
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita) 15g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 1Og
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 30g
Huai Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) 15g
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 30g
E Jiaot (Gelatinum Corn Asini) 1Og, melted in the
prepared decoction
Explanation
• Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae),
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita), Gou Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii), Tu Si Zi
(Semen Cuscutae), and Huai Niu Xi (Radix
Achyranthis Bidentatae) enrich and supplement
Kidney Yin .
• Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) and
E Jiaot (Gelatinum Corii Asini) enrich Yin and
supplement the Blood.
Modifications
1 . For steaming bone disorder with tidal fever,
add Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis) 15g, Qing
Hao (Herba Artemisiae Chinghao) 10g and Gui
Ban Jiao* (Gelatinum Plastri Testudinis) 15g,
decocted for 30 minutes before adding the
other ingredients .
2 . For sore throat and congealed spittle in the
larynx, add Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae
Ningpoensis) 15g, Qing Guo (Fructus Canarii
Albi) 15g, Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori)
15 91 Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Ja-
ponica) 15g, and Tian Men Dong (Radix Asparagi
Cochinchinensis) 15g .
Note : Although Yin Deficiency patterns can affect
all the Zang organs, particular attention must be
paid to the Liver and Kidneys, as prolonged Yin
Deficiency of the other Zang organs will eventually
involve them. Therefore, consideration should al-
ways be given to nourishing Liver and Kidney Yin .
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Enrich Yin and moisten Dryness to alleviate thirst .
Main points : KI-6 Zhaohai, LU-7 Lieque, CV 23
Lianquan, GB-20 Fengchi, TB-17 Yifeng, and
CV-1 7 Danzhong.

DRY MOUTH AND TONGUE AND MOUTH ULCERS 193
Auxiliary points
For prevalence of Lung Yin Deficiency, add
LU-10 Yuji, BL-13 Feishu, LU-1 Zhongfu, and
Kl-3 Taixi .
For prevalence of Spleen and Stomach Yin
Deficiency, add BL-20 Pishu, BL-21
Weishu, SP-6 Sanyinjiao, ST 36 Zusanli,
CV 12 Zhongwan, and LR-13 Zhangmen .
• For prevalence of Liver Yin Deficiency, add
BL-18 Ganshu, KI-3 Taixi, SP-6 Sanyin-
jiao, LR-3 Taichong, and PC-4 Ximen .
• For prevalence of Kidney Yin Deficiency, add
KI-7 Fuliu, KI-3 Taixi, SP-6 Sanyinjiao, BL-23
Shenshu, and GB-25 Jingmen .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the
even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
Explanation
• KI-6 Zhaohai and LU-7 Lieque, both of which
are jiao hui (confluence) points of the eight ex-
traordinary vessels related to the throat, lungs
and diaphragm, enrich Yin and moisten Dryness .
• CV-23 Lianquan, GB-20 Fengchi and
TB-17 Yifeng regulate the functional activities
of Qi locally in the mouth and throat to gener-
ate Body Fluids and alleviate thirst.
CV 17 Danzhong regulates Qi to promote the
upward movement of Body Fluids.
• KI-3 Taixi, the yuan (source) point of the Kid-
ney channel, enriches Kidney Yin to enrich Yin
throughout the body.
• Combining BL-13 Feishu and LU-1 Zhongfu,
the back-shu and front-mu points related to the
Lungs, with LU-10 Yuji, the ying (spring) point
of the Lung channel, enriches Lung Yin and
regulates Lung Qi.
• Combining BL-20 Pishu, BL-21 Weishu, CV 12
Zhongwan and LR-13 Zhangmen, the
back-shu and front-mu points related to
the Spleen and Stomach, with SP-6
Sanyinjiao and ST-36 Zusanli enriches
Spleen and Stomach Yin to strengthen the
transportation and transformation function .
BL-18 Ganshu and LR-3 Taichong re ate the
Liver and supplement Liver Yin .
PC-4 Ximen clears Deficiency-Heat to
treat dry mouth .
• KI-7 Fuliu, the Metal point of the Kidney
channel, enriches and nourishes Kidney Yin
according to the principle of supplementing
the Mother in Deficiency.
• SP-6 Sanyinjiao, the hui (meeting) point of the
Liver, Spleen and Kidney channels, enriches
and supplements Liver, Spleen and Kidney Yin .
• BL-23 Shenshu and GB-25 Jingmen, the
back-shu and front-mu points related to the
Kidneys, supplement Kidney Deficiency.
LIVER DEPRESSION, QI STAGNATION
AND BLOOD STASIS
Main symptoms and signs
Dry mouth and throat, thirst with no desire for
drinks or not relieved by drinking, swollen cheeks,
dizziness, blurred vision, dry eyes without lacrima-
tion, red eyes and photophobia, pain in the hypo-
chondrium or abdominal masses, a lusterless or
soot-black facial complexion, dark patches on the
skin or multiple reddish petechiae distributed dis-
cretely or in clusters over the body, especially on
the lower limbs, and white, blue or purple extremi-
ties when exposed to cold . The tongue body is dry,
bluish-purple or slightly dark with stasis marks ; the
pulse is thready and rough .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Dredge the Liver and relieve Depression, dispel
Blood stasis and generate Body Fluids, nourish and
invigorate the Blood.
Prescription
DAN ZHI XIAO YAO SAN HE TAO HONG
SI WU TANG JIA JIAN
Moutan and Gardenia Free Wanderer Powder
Combined With Peach Kernel and Safflower Four
Agents Decoction, with modifications
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) l Og
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) IOg
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 10g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 15g

194 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis) 1 Og
Mai Men Don,g (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 1 Og
Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae) 1 Og
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 1 Og
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 6g
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae) 1Og
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) 1 Og
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 10g
Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) 1 Og
Bie Jia* (Carapax Amydae Sinensis) 15g, decocted
for 30 minutes before adding the other ingredients
Explanation
• Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae) and Chai Hu (Radix
Bupleuri) dredge the Liver and relieve Depres-
sion .
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) clears
the Liver and drains Fire .
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Bai
Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) nourish the
Blood and emolliate the Liver .
• Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra), Mu Dan Pi
(Cortex Moutan Radicis), Chuan Xiong (Rhi-
zoma Ligustici Chuanxiong), Tao Ken (Semen
Persicae), Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii),
and E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) invigorate the
Blood and dissipate Blood stasis .
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae),
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis)
and Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Ja-
ponici) enrich Yin and increase Body Fluids .
• Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo)
dissipates lumps and alleviates pain .
• Bie Jia* (Carapax Amydae Sinensis) softens
hardness and dissipates lumps .
Note : Bie Jia* (Carapax Amydae Sinensis) may be
replaced by Jiang Cant (Bombyx Batryticatus) I Og
or Gou Teng (Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis) 15g.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Dredge the Liver and relieve Depression, dispel
Blood stasis and generate Body Fluids, nourish and
invigorate the Blood .
Points : LR-3 Taichong, LI-4 Hegu, LR-14 Qimen,
BL-18 Ganshu, SP-6 Sanyinjiao, BL-17 Geshu,
GB-34 Yanglingquan, PC-6 Neiguan, ST-36 Zu-
sanli, CV 23 Lianquan, GB-20 Fengchi, and
GV-14 Dazhui .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the
reducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30
minutes .
Explanation
• LR-3 Taichong and LI-4 Hegu re ate the
functional activities of Qi, dredge the Liver and
relieve Depression, and dispel Blood stasis and
generate Body Fluids to open the four joints
(the shoulder, elbow, hip and knee joints) .
Combining BL-18 Ganshu and LR-14 Qimen,
the back-shu and front-mu points related to the
Liver, with GB-34 Yanglingquan, the he (uniting)
point of the Gallbladder channel, and PC-6
Neiguan dredges the Liver and relieves De-
pression.
• SP-6 Sanyinjiao and BL-17 Geshu invigorate
the Blood and transform Blood stasis .
• ST 36 Zusanli fortifies the Spleen and gener-
ates Blood .
• CV-23 Lianquan, GB-20 Fengchi and
GV-14 Dazhui are local points .
DEFICIENCY OF BOTH YIN AND YANG
Main symptoms and signs
Dry mouth and throat with scant fluids, thirst with
no desire for drinks or not relieved by drinking,
mental and physical fatigue, a faint and low voice,
shortness of breath and little desire to speak, dry
eyes, blurred vision, limpness and aching in the
lower back and knees, a sensation of heat in the
palms and soles or cold hands and feet, and con-
stipation or loose stools . The tongue body is pale
and tender with a scant coating; the pulse is deep,
thready and weak .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Supplement both Yin and Yang .


DRY MOUTH AND TONGUE AND MOUTH ULCERS 195

1 Qimen, Prescription reinforcing method. Retain the needles for 20-30

Geshu, YOU GUI WAN HE ER XIAN TANG JIA minutes . Follow with moxibustion if required .
r-36 Zu- JIAN
:hi, and Restoring the Right [Kidney Yang] Pill Combined Explanation
With Two Immortals Decoction, with modifica- • BL-23 Shenshu, BL-20 Pishu, CV-4 Guanyuan,
tions and ST-36 Zusanli warm and supplement
Lpply the
Dr 20-30 Xian Mao (Rhizoma Curculiginis Orchioidis) lOg the Spleen and Kidneys to supplement
Yin Yang Huo (Herba Epimedii) 1 Og Yang.
Ba Ji Tian (Radix Morindae Officinalis) 1 Og • KI-3 Taixi and HT-6 Yinxi enrich Yin and clear
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og Heat.
Yan Zhi Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Aspho- • TB-17 Yifeng and GV 14 Dazhui regulate the
elate the functional activities of Qi locally to alleviate
Liver and deloidis, mix-fried with brine) 10g
Yan Zhi Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri, mix-fried thirst .
stasis and
>ur joints with brine) l Og
its) . GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 1Og QI DEFICIENCY OF THE SPLEEN AND
t Qimen, Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) 6g, added 10 STOMACH
ed to the minutes before the end of the decoction process
Main symptoms and signs
e (uniting) HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Dry mouth and throat, thirst with no desire for
nd PC-6 drinks, or distension and discomfort in the stom-
_ves De- Explanation ach after drinking, no pleasure in eating, nausea and
• Xian Mao (Rhizoma Curculiginis Orchioidis), vomiting, abdominal distension, puffy swelling of
nvigorate Yin Yang Huo (Herba Epimedii), Ba Ji Tian the limbs, irritability, fatigue and lack of strength,
(Radix Morindae Officinalis), and Gou Qi Zi and loose stools. The tongue body is pale and
id gener (Fructus Lycii) warm and supplement Kidney enlarged with teeth marks and a thick and greasy
Yang. coating; the pulse is thready and slippery .
:hi and • Yan Zbi Zbi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae As-
phodeloidis, mix-fried with brine) and Yan Zhi HERBAL MEDICINE
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri, mix-fried with
YANG brine) clear Heat to consolidate Yin . Treatment principle
• Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamon-ii Cassiae) returns Fortify the Spleen and boost the Stomach, trans-
Fire to its source and warms and supplements form Dampness and generate Body Fluids .
first with Kidney Yang.
drinking, • Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) aug- Prescription
)w voice, ments Qi and fortifies the Spleen . SHEN LING BAI ZHU SAN HE SAN REN
peak, dry • Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) supple- TANG JIA JIAN
ig in the ments the Blood to supplement Yin . Ginseng, Poria and White Atractylodes Powder
at in the Combined With Three Kernels Decoction, with
and con- modifications
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION
iy is pale Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Hetero-
> is deep, Treatment principle phyllae) 15g
Supplement both Yin and Yang . Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Points : BL-23 Shenshu, CV-4 Guanyuan, ST 36 Zusanli, Chao Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,
KI-3 Taixi, BL-20 Pishu, TB-17 Yifeng, GV 14 Dazhui, stir-fried) 15g
and HT-6 Yinxi . Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g
Sha Ken (Fructus Amomi) 6g, added 10 minutes
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the before the end of the decoction process

196 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
Xing Ken (Semen Pruni Armeniacae) 1 Og
Huo Xiang (Herba Agastaches seu Pogostemi) 1 Og
Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) 1 Og
Ge Gen (Radix Puerariae) 15g
Bai Bian Dou (Semen Dolichoris Lablab) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Explanation
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Hetero-
phyllae), Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos),
Chao Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macro-
cephalae, stir-fried), Bai Bian Dou (Semen
Dolichoris Lablab), Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis
Lachryma-jobi), and Gan Cao (Radix Glycyr-
rhizae) fortify the Spleen and augment Qi .
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Sha Ken
(Fructus Amomi), Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Ar-
meniacae), and Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Of-
ficinalis) regulate Qi and dry Dampness .
• Ge Gen (Radix Puerariae) boosts the Stomach
and generates Body Fluids .
• Huo Xiang (Herba Agastaches seu Pogostemi)
aromatically transforms Dampness.
Note : In this pattern, since Deficiency may lead to
Excess, or may be complicated by Excess, treat-
ment should focus on fortifying the Spleen and
augmenting Qi . During treatment, care must be
taken to ensure that Yin is not damaged by pro-
moting the movement of Dampness ; the introduc-
tion of materia medica for drying Dampness
should be delayed. Dampness and turbidity should
be gradually transformed by supporting Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi) of the Spleen and Stomach .
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUS77ON
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and boost the Stomach, trans-
form Dampness and generate Body Fluids .
Points: BL-20 Pishu, LR-13 Zhangmen, CV-12
Zhongwan, ST-36 Zusanli, SP-9 Yinlingquan,
ST-25 Tianshu, CV 17 Danzhong, CV 23 Lianquan,
and GV-14 Dazhui .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
inforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30
minutes . Moxibustion may be applied if required .
Explanation
• BL-20 Pishu, ST-36 Zusanli, LR-13 Zhangmen,
and CV 12 Zhongwan fortify the Spleen and
boost the Stomach .
• SP-9 Yinlingquan and ST-25 Tianshu benefit
the movement of Dampness and turbidity .
• CV 17 Danzhong regulates the functional ac-
tivities of Qi to strengthen the upward move-
ment of Body Fluids .
CV 23 Lianquan and GV 14 Dazhui are local
points .
Clinical observation report
TREATMENT WITH QI JI TANG (SEVEN
LEVELS DECOCTION)
Liu et al . reported on the clinical observation of
Qi Ji Tang (Seven Levels Decoction) in the treat-
ment of mouth ulcers due to chemotherapy.83
Groups : The 75 patients were divided randomly
into two groups by drawing lots :
• 40 patients, 26 male and 14 female, aged from
12 to 72 (mean age : 48) were placed in the TCM
treatment group ; there were 10 cases each of eso-
phageal, stomach and nasopharyngeal cancer, 6 of
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 3 of lung cancer, and
one of liver cancer .
• 35 patients, 23 male and 12 female, aged from
15 to 68 (mean age : 50), were placed in the Western
medicine treatment group ; there were 9 cases each
of esophageal and stomach cancer, 7 of naso-
pharyngeal cancer, 5 of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,
3 of lung cancer, and 2 of liver cancer.
The main clinical manifestations included mouth
ulcers and swollen and painful mouth after che-
motherapy.
Chemotherapy drugs: cyclophosphamide, vin-
cristine, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil and pingyang-
mycin for both groups .


DRY MOUTH AND TONGUE AND MOUTH ULCERS 197

)ly the re- Treatment methods Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 8g

for 20-30 Before treatment began, both groups were given a Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis) 15g
equired . mouthwash of 0.9 percent normal saline to sterilize LianQiao (Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae) 20g
the surface of the ulcers on the oral mucosa . Both Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
groups were told to take light and easily digested
food such as vegetables and fruit with plenty of One bag a day was used . The non-powdered ingre-
hangmen,
vitamin C and to avoid spicy and greasy food . dients were added to 200m1 of water and decocted
Teen and over a low heat for 30-45 minutes to make 50ml of
Western medicine group : the patients were asked a concentrated liquid. San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis
to benefit to wash the mouth with a 0 .02 percent furacilin Notoginseng) and Bai Ji Fen* (Rhizoma Bletillae
>idity. solution three times a day ; they were also given one Striatae, powdered) were then mixed into the
tional ac- vitamin B compound tablet three times a day and strained decoction. The patient was asked to keep
rd move- intravenous infusion of 200m1 of metronidazole one teaspoon of the decoction in the mouth for as
once a day. The course of treatment lasted 21 days . long as possible and then to swallow it, the proce-
are local dure being repeated until all the 50m1 was used up .
TCM treatment group
Honey could be added to the liquid if the patient
Prescription found it too bitter. The course of treatment lasted
QI JI TANG 21 days.
Seven Levels Decoction
Results
(SEVEN SanQi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 4g The TCM treatment group was observed to have
BaiJi Fen* (Rhizoma Bletillae Striatae, powdered) 15g significantly better results than the Western medi-
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g cine group (P<0 .05) ; see Table 4-10 .
vation of
the treat-
py 83
Table 4-10 Comparison of the two groups
randomly

Pronounced
ged from Group No. of patients Some effect No effect
effect
the TCM
h of eso- TCM treatment
29
icer, 6 of group
ncer, and Western medicine
35 8 15 12
group
ged from
Western Notes :
ases each • Pronounced improvement : complete disappearance of ulcers and swollen and painful mouth .
of naso- • Some improvement: symptoms alleviated .
mphoma, • No improvement : no changes after three courses of treatment .

ed mouth
ifter che- Discussion and local blood circulation impeded, resulting in the
The authors suggest that mouth ulcers caused by multiplication of bacteria in the mouth.
chemotherapeutic agents are attributable to the drugs
ide, vin-
damaging Qi and consuming Yin, thus giving rise to Explanation of the prescription
iingyang-
an imbalance between Yin and Yang and impairment • San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng)
of the immune system. The oral mucosa is damaged and Bai Ji Fen* (Rhizoma Bletillae Striatae,

198 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
powdered) invigorate the Blood and alleviate
pain, generate flesh and disperse swelling .
• Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) and
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis) supplement
Qi, generate Body Fluids, expel Toxins, and
generate flesh .
• Combining these four ingredients strengthens
the body's ability to resist disease, dilates the
blood vessels, and improves microcirculation to
speed up healing of the ulcers.
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) and Lian Qiao
(Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae) clear Heat, re-
lieve Toxicity, abate Deficiency-Heat, and in-
hibit the growth of bacteria in the mouth .
• Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) harmonizes the
properties of the other ingredients .
Empirical formulae
MOUTH AND THROAT ULCERS DUE TO
RADIOTHERAPY
INTERNAL TREATMENT
Ingredients
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15-30g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
15-30g
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis) 9g
Jin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) 15g
Ban Lan Gen (Radix Isatidis seu Baphicacanthi)
12-15g
Shan Dou Gen (Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis) 9-15g
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 6g
Add one bag per day to 300m1 of water and boil
until 100ml of the decoction remains ; drink 50ml
twice a day until the ulcers disappear .
EXTERNAL APPLICATION
Select one of the following methods for
application
• Apply calcined and fmely powdered Da Huang
(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) to the affected area .
• Rinse the mouth with boric acid lotion and in-
sufflate a mixture of equal proportions of finely
powdered Pu Huang (Pollen Typhae) and Hai Piao
Xiao$ (Os Sepiae seu Sepiellae) .
• Grind Pu Huang (Pollen Typhae) 1g and Qing
Dai (Indigo Naturalis) 0 .3g to a fine powder and
apply to the affected area .
• Grind Hu Huang Lian (Rhizoma Picrorhizae
Scrophulariiflorae) 3g, Huo Xiang (Herba Aga-
staches seu Pogostemi) 3g, Xi Xin* (Herba cum
Radice Asari) 3g and Huang Lian (Rhizoma Copti-
dis) 3g to a powder and apply before rinsing out .
• Grind Jiang Cant (Bombyx Batryticatus) 6g and
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 6g, or Da Huang
(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 3g and Gan Cao (Radix
Glycyrrhizae) 3g to a powder and use as an oral
insufflation .
FORMULAE FOR DRY MOUTH AND
TONGUE PATTERNS
1 . Infuse the following ingredients and take as a
tea:
Jin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) 1 Og
Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) 1 Og
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 1 .5g
2. Prepare a decoction with the following ingredi-
ents and drink :
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 3g
Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae) 3g
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 3g
3. Prepare a decoction with the following ingredi-
ents and drink:
Ban Lan Gen (Radix Isatidis seu Baphicacanthi) 10g
Sang Ye (Folium Mori Albae) 1 Og
Deng Xin Cao (Medulla Junci Effusi) 6g
Dan Zhu Ye (Herba Lophatheri Gracilis) 1 Og
4. Prepare a decoction with the following ingredi-
ents and drink:
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 8g
Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis) 8g
 DRY MOUTH AND TONGUE AND MOUTH ULCERS 199

in and in- 5 . Prepare a decoction with the following ingredi- Mw Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 50g
of finely ents and drink: fin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) 30g
Hai Mao fin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) 1 Og Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) 30g
LianQiao (Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae) IOg Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 30g
and Qing Ye Ju Hua (Flos Chrysanthemi Indici) 1 Og
wder and 7 . Prepare a decoction with the following ingredi-
Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae) 6g
ents and use as a mouthwash for dry mouth (can
DaQing Ye (Folium Isatidis seu Baphicacanthi) 15g
icrorhizae also be used for mouth ulcers) :
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) lOg
rba Aga- Chao Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis, Fang Feng (Radix Ledebouriellae Divaricatae) I Og
_rba cum stir-fried) 6g Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
na Copti- Dan Zhu Ye (Folium Lophatheri Gracilis) l Og fin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) 15g
ag out. Sang Ye (Folium Mori Albae) I Og
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) I Og L.ianQiao (Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae) IOg
s) 6g and
Xian Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Re- Bo He (Herba Menthae Haplocalycis) IOg
Da Huang
cens) 15g Jing Jie (Herba Schizonepetae Tenuifoliae) I Og
ao (Radix
s an oral 6. Qing Yan Tang (Throat-Clearing Infusion) 8 . For dry mouth and lack of saliva, keep two or
Infuse a little of the formula each time in boiling three pieces of Xian Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii
water and drink as a tea . Recens) or Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis
I AND Japonici Recens) in the mouth . Alternatively, decoct
Ingredients
IYIu Mei (Fructus Pruni Mume) 15g or Gan Cao
Pang Da Hai (Semen Sterculiae Lychnophorae) 50g (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g and sip frequently as a tea .
take as a

ingredi-

ingredi-

ithi) 10g

g
ingredi-


Hair loss

Many chemotherapeutic agents can induce hair loss, generally directly proportional to the
dosage employed. Hair loss due to drugs is generally confined to the head, although some-
times the body hair can also be affected .
Hair loss is caused by the toxic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs that damage the hair
follicles resulting in the death of rapidly proliferating cells within the hair follicle, thus
causing the hair to fall out . The hair will generally grow back one or two months after ter-
mination of the treatment, and may be of a different color, luster or texture than previ-
ously. However, hair loss caused by very large doses of radiation is more severe and the
hair cannot grow back in most patients because irradiation damages the skin and hair folli-
cles and causes skin dyskeratosis and atrophy .
Different drugs produce different effects :
• Doxorubicin and epiadriamycin cause varying degrees of recoverable hair loss in
80-100 percent of patients .
• Large doses of bleomycin may cause severe hair loss, possibly resulting in temporary
baldness .
Hair loss is one of the main toxic side-effects of etoposide ; nearly all patients will be
affected, some going completely bald temporarily .
• Among alkylating agents, cyclophosphamide has the most obvious hair loss side-effect .
Routine dosage may induce hair loss in about 20 percent of patients, large pulse dosages
may cause hair loss in all patients .
• Hair loss is relatively common with long-term use of small doses of methotrexate
(MTV, but much rarer in cases of short-term use of large doses .
Hair loss can be limited during chemotherapy by placing an ice cap on the patient's head
to cool the scalp, constrict local cutaneous blood vessels, and reduce the amount of the
drug reaching the scalp and, in particular, the hair follicles .

Etiology and pathology

The hair is the surplus of the Blood and is nourished by Yin-Blood . Radiotherapy and
chemotherapy damage Yin-Blood, leading to Yin Deficiency and Blood-Dryness .

General treatment methods

Hair loss due to radiotherapy or chemotherapy should be treated by supplementing the

202 MANAGEMENT OP CANCER
Blood to promote the growth of hair, supplement-
ing the Kidneys and nourishing Yin, dissipating
Wind from the head, clearing Heat and relieving
'Toxicity.
Commonly used materia medica
13ai .Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
(','e 13ai ) e (Cacumen Biotae Orientalis)
Ghi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra)
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong)
l)ang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Hi Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii)
He Shou Vu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori)
Hei Zbi Ma (Semen Sesami Indici)
Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati)
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis)
Nii Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi)
Sang Shen (Fructus Mori Albae)
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis)
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita)
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae)
Commonly used acupuncture points
GV 20 Baihui
BL-23 Shenshu
ST-36 Zusanli
SP-6 Sanyinjiao
BL-15 Xinshu
BL-17 Geshu
BL-20 Pishu
Pattern identification and
treatment principles
BLOOD DEFICIENCY
Main symptoms and signs
Hair loss after chemotherapy, a sallow yellow facial
complexion, mental and physical fatigue, and a
faint and low voice . The tongue body is pale with a
Treatment principle
Supplement the Blood and promote hair growth .
Prescription
SI WU TANG JIA JIAN
Four Agents Decoction, with modifications
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 1 Og
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) 15g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 1 Og
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 1 Og
E Jiaot (Gelatinum Corii Asini) 10g, melted in the
prepared decoction
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 6g
Explanation
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Shu Di
Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita), E Jiaoo (Gelatinum Corii Asini) and Bai
Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) supplement
and generate the Blood . When the Blood is suf-
ficient, the hair will be nourished, less hair will
be lost and new hair will grow more quickly .
• Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong)
invigorates the Blood .
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) fortifies the
Spleen and benefits the movement of Damp-
ness .
• Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) moves
Qi to reduce the cloying and stagnating proper-
ties of the supplementing materia medica in the
prescription.
Modification
Add Zhi He Shou Wu (Radix Polygon Multiflori,
processed) 15g and Hei Zhi Ma (Semen Sesami In-
dici) 30g to enhance nourishment of Blood and
promotion of hair growth .


HAIR LOSS 203

ACUPUNCTURE Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) 15g

!ak . Ce Bai Ye (Cacumen Biotae Orientalis) 15g
Treatment principle Hei Zhi Ma (Semen Sesami Indici) 15g
Supplement the Blood and promote hair growth . • Shou Wu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori) 15g
Points: BL-20 Pishu, ST-36 Zusanli, BL-18 Ganshu, GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
BL-23 Shenshu, BL-17 Geshu, BL-15 Xinshu and • Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
;rowth. GV 20 Baihui.
Explanation
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the • Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae),
reinforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 Gou Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii), Nii Zhen Zi (Fructus
is minutes. Ligustri Lucidi), Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehman-
niae Glutinosae Conquita), Shan Yao (Rhizoma
gig) log Explanation Dioscoreae Oppositae), and Shan Zhu Yu
)sae Con- BL-15 Xinshu, BL-18 Ganshu, BL-20 Pishu, (Fructus Corni Officinalis) enrich Yin and sup-
BL-23 Shenshu, and BL-17 Geshu, the back-shu plement the Kidneys .
points of the Heart, Liver, Spleen, Kidney and • Hei Zhi Ma (Semen Sesami Indici) and He Shou
diaphragm, generate Blood by regulating the Wu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori) nourish the
Zang-Fu organs . Blood and promote hair growth .
:ed in the • ST 36 Zusanli supplements Later Heaven Qi • Ce Bai Ye (Cacumen Biotae Orientalis) cools the
and generates Blood. Blood and dispels Wind .
• GV 20 Baihui is a local point for promoting hair Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) clears
growth . Deficiency-Heat .

i, Shu Di YIN DEFICIENCY Modifications

>ae Con- 1 . For exuberant Heat and Blood-Dryness, remove
) and Bai Main symptoms and signs
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
.pplement Hair loss during or after chemotherapy or radio-
Conquita), increase the dosage of Sheng Di
~od is suf- therapy, dry mouth and tongue, reddening of the
Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) to 30g
hair will cheeks, tidal fever, and limpness and aching in the
and add Chi Xiao Dou (Semen Phaseoli Calcarati)
iickly. lower back and knees. The tongue body is red with 1Og, She Chuang Zi (Fructus Cnidii Monnieri)
aanxiong) a scant coating; the pulse is thready and rapid .
15g and Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis)
10g.
rtifies the HERBAL MEDICINE 2. For Qi stagnation and Blood stasis, add Ji Xue
f Damp- Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g, Hong Hua (Floc
Treatment principle
Carthami Tinctorii) log, Tao Ren (Semen Persi-
Enrich and supplement the Liver and Kidneys,
e) moves cae) log, and Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici
moisten Dryness and dispel Wind .
g proper- Chuanxiong) 6g.
ica in the Prescription For itchy scalp, add Bai Ji Li (Fructus Tribuli
LIU WEI DI HUANG WAN JIA JIAN Terrestris) 30g, Ku Shen (Radix Sophorae Fla-
Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill, with modifications vescentis) 6g, Bai Xian Pi (Cortex Dictamni
Dasycarpi Radicis) 30g, and Di Fu Zi (Fructus
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 1 Og Kochiae Scopariae) log.
ilultiflori, Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con- 4. For irritability and insomnia, add Suan Zao Ren
-sami In- quita) log (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae) 30g, Yuan Zhi (Radix
lood and Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g Polygalae) 10g and He Huan Pi (Cortex Albiz-
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 15g ziae Julibrissin) 1Og.
204 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
In addition, to prevent hair loss, prescribe Liu Wlei
Di Huang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) 15
pills, twice a day, and Y'ing Xue Sheng Fa Jiao Nang
(Capsules for Nourishing the Blood and Promoting
Hair Growth) 6g, twice a day, starting one week be-
fore the chemotherapy or radiotherapy and con-
tinuing until the therapy is completed .
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Enrich and supplement the Liver and Kidneys,
moisten Dryness and dispel Wind .
Points : GV 20 Baihui, GV 19 Houding, GV-23
Shangxing, SP-6 Sanyinjiao, KI-3 Taixi, BL-23
Shenshu, KI-7 Fuliu, HT-6 Yinxi, PC-6 Neiguan
and ST-36 Zusanli .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the
even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes.
Explanation
• GV 20 Baihui, GV 19 Houding and GV 23
Shangxing are local points to clear Heat, in-
vigorate the Blood, dispel Wind and promote
hair growth .
SP-6 Sanyinjiao, KI-3 Taixi, BL-23 Shenshu,
KI-7 Fuliu, and HT-6 Yinxi clear Heat, enrich
Yin, and supplement the Liver and Kidneys to
enhance the generation of Blood .
ST-36 Zusanli supplements the Blood to enrich
Yin and moisten Dryness .
PC-6 Neiguan clears Heart-Fire.
Clinical observation report
TREATMENT WITH GU FA TANG (CON-
SOLIDATING HAIR DECOCTION)
Zhao et al . reported on the clinical observation of
Gu Fa Tang (Consolidating Hair Decoction) in the
prevention of hair loss .s 4
Group: The authors treated 39 cancer patients, 28
male and 11 female, aged from 28-62 (mean age : 43) .
Fifteen patients had been diagnosed with lung cancer,
seven with colorectal cancer, eight with primary liver
cancer, six with breast cancer, and three with Hodg-
kin's lymphoma . All the colorectal and breast cancer
patients had already undergone surgery. Twenty-one
patients were given one course of chemotherapy,
eight two courses, and ten three courses .
Drugs and dosage : The following drugs were
used - cyclophosphamide 800mg/m'-, chlormethine
(mustine) 10mg/m2, mitomycin 6mg/m2 , doxorubi
cin 30mg/m'-, vincristine 25mg/kg, cisplatin
80mg/m2, and etoposide 300mg/m 2.
Method
Chemotherapy was given to the lung cancer patients
by infusion into the bronchial arteries, to the liver
cancer patients by embolism of the hepatic arteries
(using foam or pellets), and to the other patients by
intravenous infusion .
Patients started taking Gu Fa Tang (Consolidating
the Hair Decoction) two weeks before chemother-
apy and continued until two months after the final
chemotherapy course.
Treatment principle
Enrich the Liver and Kidneys, augment the Essence
and Blood, and supplement the Lungs and Spleen .
Prescription ingredients
Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Zhi He Shou Wlu (Radix Polygon Multiflori,
mix-fried with honey) 20g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) 15g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 15g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 1 Og
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae) lOg
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) 10g
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 20g
Gou Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 20g
Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) 15g
Tian-Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis) 15g
Ji Nei Jini (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 10g

nig cancer, Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried) 30g
mary liver Jiao ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) 30g
ith Hodg- Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
scorch-fried) 30g
:ast cancer
Hei Zhi Ma (Semen Sesami Indici) 20g
wenty-one
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 30g
notherapy,
One bag per day was decocted in 800ml of water
rugs were and boiled down to 300n -A, taken in two equal por-
:)rmethine tions morning and evening .
doxorubi-
Results
cisplatin
• no hair loss - 7 patients.
• slight hair loss - 23 patients .
• patches of hair loss - 7 patients .
:r patients • complete hair loss but subsequent regrowth 2
the liver patients .
is arteries • complete hair loss with no regrowth - no pa-
tients .
atients by
Discussion
solidating
Most of the drugs used in chemotherapy cause hair
temother-
loss to varying degrees, beginning one or two weeks
the final after the course starts and peaking at two months,
when the condition is at its worst . Doxorubicin and
etoposide both cause severe hair loss. There are
currently no drugs that effectively control hair loss .
TCM considers that hair growth relies on the
Essence and Blood. Chemotherapeutic agents
greatly damage Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and cause de-
pletion of the Liver and Kidneys and Deficiency
consumption of Qi and Blood, resulting in insuffi-
ciency of the Lungs and Spleen and leading to hair
loss .
References
Yu Rencun et al., "Immune Mechanism of Chinese
Materia Medica in Inhibiting Cancer", Zhong Guo
Zhong Liu [Chinese Oncology journal] 2, 9 (1993) :
20-21 .
2. Wang Yusheng et al ., Zhong Yao Yao Li Yu Yin,g Yong
[Pharmacology and Application of Chinese Mat eria
Medica], 2nd edition (Beijing. People's Medical Pub-
lishing House, 1998), 423 .
Mao Xiaojian et al., "Laboratory Study on the Com-
bination of Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) and Wu Ling
falli) 15g Zhi (Excrementum Trogopteri)", Yun Nan Zhong Yi
HAIR LOSS 205
Explanation of the prescription
• Zhi He Shou Wu (Radix Polygon Multiflori,
processed), Hei Zhi Ma (Semen Sesami Indici),
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae),
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita), Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae), and Gou
Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii) enrich and supplement the
Liver and Kidneys.
• Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) and Dang
Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) nourish the
Blood and emolliate the Liver .
• HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) greatly
supplements the Lungs and Spleen.
Ji Nei Jin1 (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae
Galli), Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi,
scorch-fried), Jiao Shen Qu (Massa Fermentata,
scorch-fried), and Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei
Vulgaris Germinatus) fortify the transportation
function of the Middle Burner.
• Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri), Dan Shen (Radix Sal-
viae Miltiorrhizae), Tao Ren (Semen Persicae),
and Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) dredge
the Liver and move Blood .
• Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis)
and Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis) enrich
Yin and moisten Dryness .
• Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) harmonizes the
properties of the other ingredients .
The formula achieves the goal of consolidating
hair growth through enriching the Liver and
Kidneys, augmenting the Essence and Blood,
and supplementing the Lungs and Spleen .
Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Journal of Yunnan College of
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206 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
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6 . Luo Zhiyong et al ., "Study of Chinese Materia
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10 . Zhang Dongji et al ., "The Role of the Ginsenosides
Contained in the Stalk and Leaves of Xi Yang Shen
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 Integrated
751 .
rnal of Bei- Chapter 5
aal Chinese

Traditional

Traditional

Traditional

Traditional Treatment o complications

commonly associated
of Nursing]

al of Tradi-

ng Liu Hua
nent Based
of Toxic
with cancer
r Tumors],
nal of Tra-
17-118 .
9 Hua Liao Pain 7 I
Guan Cha Fever 243
ven Levels
ndice 253
iith Mouth
i Hu Li Za Profuse sweating 263
Hemorrhage 1
Hua Liao Pleural effusion 3
observation
Ascites 303
g the Hair
ass due to Menstrual disorders 309
Yi Yao Za Constipation 327
iese Medi- Skin ulcers 333
 Pain

Pain is one of the most common symptoms seen in patients with malignant tumors . It is
due to compression of the tissues, nerve endings and nerve trunk by infiltration, metastasis
and dissemination of tumor cells and is often seen in late-stage cancers, frequently having a
major impact on the patient's quality of life . The treatment of pain is one of the principal
aspects of cancer treatment.
Pain, which can be obstinate and continuous, is usually related to the location of the
tumor and its pattern and speed of growth . For example, esophageal cancer frequently
spreads to the base of skull to cause headache, and cancer of the superior pulmonary sul-
cus invades or directly compresses the brachial plexus to cause severe pain in the shoulders
and arms . Pain caused by pancreatic cancer and carcinoma of the anal canal can occur at a
very early stage because local nerve infiltration is a major feature of these types of cancer .
Secondary pain is often caused by obstruction and infection of organs in the vicinity of
the tumor; for instance, colorectal cancer can cause obstruction of the intestines, and can-
cer of the bladder or fallopian tubes can cause urinary tract infection .
Pain continuing after surgical removal of a tumor is often caused by injury to nerves or
muscles . For example, after breast cancer surgery, a sensation of tension and scorching
pain in the anterior thoracic wall, arm, hand and axillary fossa can be felt due to injury of
the brachial plexus and intercostal nerves. Swelling due to lymphedema may exacerbate the
pain.
Some drugs used in chemotherapy such as vincristine (Oncovinr ), vindesine, vinorel-
bine (Navelbine(D), cisplatin (ds-diaminodichloroplatinum), doxorubicin (Adriamycin®),
mitomycin, and mustine hydrochloride (nitrogen mustard) can give rise to numbness in the
extremities and scorching pain in the hands and feet since these drugs can cause neuropa-
thy.
Pain due to radiotherapy can occur immediately or many years after treatment and is
caused by inflammatory edema of local tissue and mucosa characterized by scorching pain,
dryness, bleeding, edema, exudation, and ulceration . This pain is often seen in oral, eso-
phageal, nasopharyngeal and bladder cancer. A continuous dull pain often occurs as a re-
sult of changes in the fibrous tissue due to radiotherapy and is commonly seen in the
treatment of lung cancer .
Active and effective treatment of pain can not only relieve patients' suffering and im-
prove their quality of life, it can also give them a great psychological boost and enhance
their confidence in the fight against the cancer .
TCM has built up a comprehensive theoretical system related to pain, including pain in
cancer, and this has been supplemented by wide-ranging clinical experiences . Ancient
medical books contain many theories and formulae for the treatment of disorders similar

212 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
to the pain occurring in cancer; many still guide
TCM doctors today in their clinical practice .
The use of Chinese materia medica in the treat-
ment of pain has certain advantages :
• Compared with drug treatment, side-effects are
minor and materia medica can be used safely for
long periods.
The effects of materia medica are relatively
long-lasting.
Since TCM treatment is based on etiology, pa-
thology and pattern identification, it regulates the
body's immune functions and inhibits tumor cells as
well as alleviating pain .
Chinese medicine maintains that the basic cause
of pain is obstruction of Qi and Blood in the
Zang-Fu organs, channels and network vessels, as
exemplified by the maxim: "Where free flow is ob-
structed, there is pain." In modern Western medi-
cine, it is also considered that pain may be related to
tissue anoxia and electrolyte disturbance when
blood circulation is impaired . By dredging the
channels and network vessels and regulating the
movement of Qi and Blood, acupuncture is capable
of removing obstructions and promoting circula-
tion.
Modern research has demonstrated that acu-
puncture can prove effective in inhibiting the pain
caused by cancer, and stimulate the endogenous
analgesic system to release large amounts of endor-
phins, enkephalins and other endogenous opiates .
Combination of these substances with the opium
receptors of the pain-sensitive neurons increases
Na+ permeability through the cell membrane and
leads to a reduction in the cAMP level, thereby
decreasing damage stimulation-induced neuronal
excitation and regulating the ascent of pain
impulses through the spinal cord .'
Acupuncture can alleviate pain induced by direct
infiltration of the cancer, severe pain due to com-
pression of the nerves as the tumor grows, trac-
tional pain due to rapid enlargement of the tumor,
or pain resulting from long-term confinement to
bed and debility. Acupuncture is a very convenient
method of treating pain, and does not have
side-effects such as dependence, addiction and
withdrawal symptoms often encountered with many
Western an esics. Comparative clinical observa-
tion trials indicate that acupuncture has a superior
effect in pain relief to certain Western analgesics
such as Hydrochloride Bucinnazine, pethidine and
other opioid analgesics. 2
Pain in cancer may have an internal, external or
neutral (neither internal nor external) cause . Ben Cao
Qiu Zhen [Seeking the Truth on Materia Medica]
states : "Pain may be due to Cold, Heat, Wind,
Dampness, stagnation, Blood, Qi, Fire, and many
other factors."
In terms of pathology, pain can be divided into
Deficiency and Excess patterns .
• In Excess patterns, pain is due to invasion and
accumulation of pathogenic factors, leading to in-
hibited movement of Qi and Blood in the channels
and network vessels ; where free flow is obstructed,
there is pain.
• In Deficiency patterns, pain is due to insuffi-
ciency of Qi, Blood, Yin and Yang, or to the
Zang-Fu organs, channels and network vessels
being deprived of moisture, nourishment or warmth;
where nourishment is insufficient, there is pain.
• In addition to these patterns, Deficiency-Excess
complex patterns are sometimes seen in the clinic.
Commonly occurring etiologies and patholo-
gies are discussed' in more detail below.
Wind-Cold obstruction
In classical Chinese medicine books, there are de-
scriptions of invasion of Wind-Cold leading to pain
that can be considered as cancer, ; pain. In fin, Kid ao
Lue Fang Lun Ben Yi [Supplement to Synopsis of the
Golden Chamber], it says : "Diseases due to accu-
mulations are not only caused by Phlegm, food, Qi
and Blood, but also by externally contracted
Wind-Cold. However, Phlegm, food, Qi and Blood
do not necessarily accumulate if Wind-Cold is not
present; and Wind-Cold' does not accumulate if it
does not meet Phlegm, food, Qi or Blood."
Wind-Cold pathogenic factors invading the
Zang-Fu organs, ' channels and network' vessels or

a superior binding with pathogenic factors (such as tumors or
analgesics stasis of Blood or Phlegm) already present within
aidine and the body lead to inhibited movement of Qi and
Blood in the channels and network vessels, and re-
sult in pain .
In clinical practice in the treatment of cancer
patients at the Sino Japanese Friendship Hospital in
Beijing, we have found that some pain is indeed
xternal or
;e . Ben Cao related to external contraction of Wind-Cold . Addi-
a Medica] tionally, even though some pains do not have a his-
.at, Wind, tory of external contraction of Wind-Cold, the
and many nature of the pain indicates that they do in fact belong
to Wind or Cold patterns (Wind patterns manifest-
Tided into ing as pain without a fixed location and Cold pat-
terns as severe cold and pain at a fixed location);
asion and when these cases are differentiated as Wind-Cold
ing to in- patterns, the pain can be treated effectively . We
channels therefore consider that Wind-Cold obstruction is
bstructed, one of the pathologies of pain in cancer.
o insuffi- Internal accumulation of Heat Toxins
)r to the The expression "Heat Toxins" refers to pathogenic
k vessels Fire, Heat and Warmth, where the "Toxic" element
)r warmth ; relates to the intensity or exuberance of the patho-
pain . genic factor. All pathogenic factors, whether exter-
:y-Excess nally contracted Fire or Heat or other factors
e clinic . invading the body, will transform into internally
generated Fire and Heat . Since tumors are tangible
patholo- pathogenic factors that can obstruct the movement
of Qi and Blood within the body, they also result in
Fire and Heat being generated . In addition, internal
damage by the seven emotions and impairment of
are de- the functions of the Zang-Fu organs may also
g to pain transform into Heat internally, subsequently gener-
n Kui Yao ating Fire.
;is of the When Fire Toxins attack the body, Body Fluids
to accu- and Blood are likely to be scorched, and the chan-
food, Qi nels and network vessels obstructed, leading to pain .
)ntracted In TCM, Fire and Heat can be divided into Defi-
id Blood ciency and Excess patterns . Deficiency patterns are
ld is not characterized by symptoms of Deficiency-Heat due
late if it to damage to Yin such as a sensation of heat in the
Blood." palms and soles, dry mouth and throat, a red tongue
ng the with a scant coating, and a rapid and deficient pulse ;
°ssels or Excess patterns are characterized by exuberance of
PAIN 213
Fire, with such symptoms as reddening of the
cheeks, a red tongue with a yellow coating, and a
thready and rapid pulse .
Binding and accumulation of Phlegm-Damp
and generation of Phlegm-Fluids
This has several causes
• Tumor-induced dysfunction and insufficiency of
the Zang-Fu organs, in particular the Spleen, Lungs,
Liver and Kidneys, cause Body Fluids to accumulate,
resulting in internal exuberance of water and
Dampness, which then transform into
Phlegm-Fluids (tanyin) .
• Exuberant pathogenic factors invading the
Lungs or depletion and Deficiency of Lung Qi in
cancer impair the diffusing and downward-bearing
function of the Lungs, leading to obstruction of the
water passages. This prevents the Body Fluids from
being borne downward and Phlegm-Damp will then
accumulate in the Lungs.
• Dietary irregularities or excessive fatigue in can-
cer patients damages Spleen Qi and hampers the
Spleen's functions in transporting and transforming
water and Dampness and disseminating the Essence.
Body Fluids will therefore flow sluggishly, causing
water to accumulate in the interior .
• Congenital insufficiency in cancer patients or
excessive sexual activity damaging the Kidneys will
result in Kidney Yin Deficiency, which then leads to
the generation of internal Heat ; Heat scorching the
Body Fluids produces Phlegm. Where Kidney Yang
is Deficient, Qi transformation will be impaired,
and water and Dampness will flood upward to
cause the formation of Phlegm .
• Emotional distress and depression and binding
of Liver Qi in cancer patients inhibits the move-
ment of Body Fluids ; Dampness then accumulates
to form Phlegm .
Once Phlegm-Fluids have been generated, they
can flow anywhere in the body ; when they stop,
they accumulate and bind to obstruct the functional
activities of Qi and inhibit the movement of Blood
to cause pain .

214 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Disturbance of the functional activities of Qi
The movement of Qi and Blood around the body is
usually balanced and harmonious, thus maintaining
normal physiological activities . Cancer patients are
likely to suffer from a number of pathological con-
ditions such as emotional distress, food stagnation,
external contraction of Wind-Cold, invasion of
Dampness, accumulation of Phlegm-Fluids, Blood
stasis, and internal generation of Heat, all of which
can impede the movement of Qi . As a tangible
pathogenic factor, tumors themselves can obstruct
Qi . When the functional activities of Qi are dis-
turbed, the Blood will become static, and Body
Fluids stagnate . Qi, Blood and Body Fluids will ac-
cumulate to obstruct the channels and network
vessels and cause pain .
Blood stasis and obstruction
Under normal conditions, Blood circulates with Qi
in the exterior and interior of the body to perform
its nourishing function . However, cancer patients
are likely to experience Blood stasis for several rea-
sons :
• emotional distress results in Qi stagnation and
Blood stasis ;
• externally contracted pathogenic Cold congeals
to produce Blood stasis ;
• Heat Toxins attacking and boiling the Blood or
pathogenic Heat forcing the Blood to seep out of
the vessels will also result in Blood stasis.
Blood stasis can also be caused by inhibited
movement of Qi and Blood due to wounds dam-
aging the Blood vessels and network vessels after
surgery for cancer, by inhibited movement of
Blood due to Qi Deficiency, and by Phlegm turbid-
ity, water-Fluids and tangible pathogenic factors
such as tumors obstructing the movement of Blood .
Blood stasis accumulates to obstruct the channels
and network vessels and impair the movement of
Qi and Blood, and leads eventually to pain, since
"Where there is obstruction, there is pain ."
Lack of nourishment of Yin and Blood
Malignant tumors are a chronic debilitating disease
and can lead to Yin and Blood Deficiency, eventu-
ally depriving the Zang-Fu organs, channels and
network vessels of nourishment and causing pain.
Pain due to Yin Deficiency is generally caused by
Fire or Heat damaging Yin ; by overactivity of the
five emotions, which then transform into Fire and
damage Yin ; or by constitutional insufficiency or
consumption of Yin liquids in a prolonged disease
such as cancer . Overuse of agents of a warm and
dry nature such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy
also comes into this category . Chemotherapy can
damage Vital Qi, with Yin and Blood being particu-
larly vulnerable, and radiotherapy, which TCM con-
siders as a Heat Toxin, can damage Yin Liquids .
Pain due to Blood Deficiency is caused by mas-
sive Blood loss, failure to generate sufficient Blood
as a result of Spleen and Stomach Deficiency, or
over-exhaustion of Yin and Blood due to exces-
siveness of the seven emotions . Since Blood is
Deficient, it cannot nourish and moisten the
Zang-Fu organs, channels and network vessels, thus
causing pain in cancer patients .
Yang Deficiency and Qi Deficiency
Yang and Qi Deficiency also give rise to pain in
cancer patients. Pain due to Yang Deficiency is
caused by
• insufficiency of the congenital constitution (Ear-
lier Heaven)
• undernourishment of the acquired constitution
(Later Heaven) damaging Spleen Yang
• consumption of Yang Qi due to internal damage
caused by excessive fatigue
• Deficiency of Yang Qi in prolonged diseases
When the moving and warming function is im-
paired, the Zang-Fu organs and the channels and
network vessels cannot function properly, or the
channels and Blood vessels contract, thus inhibiting
the movement of Blood and causing pain . In
late-stage cancer patients, Yin Liquids may be dam-
aged, with Deficiency of Yin affecting Yang and
then damaging Yang Qi, or the condition may result
in Yang Qi Deficiency directly.
Pain due to Qi Deficiency is caused by
• insufficiency of the source of generation and
transformation of Qi and Blood as a result of in-
sufficiency of the congenital constitution (Earlier


PAIN 215

nnels and Heaven) or undernourishment of the acquired con- In TCM, "freeing" has different meanings in dif-
ng pain . stitution (Later Heaven) ferent conditions. In situations of Qi stagnation, it
caused by • consumption of Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) in pro- means regulating Qi; where there is Blood stasis, it
ity of the longed diseases means invigorating the Blood ; for Phlegm turbidity,
Fire and • excessive thought and preoccupation and over- it means transforming Phlegm ; and for Heat Toxins,
iciency or exertion damaging the Heart and Spleen it means clearing Heat.
ed disease When Qi is Deficient, it cannot drive the Blood The main manifestation of Vital Qi (Zheng Qi)
warm and to flow, and Blood stasis will then develop . Qi Defi- Deficiency is Deficiency of and damage to Qi,
notherapy ciency and Blood stasis will obstruct the channels Blood, Yin or Yang. When Vital Qi is Deficient, the
erapy can and vessels, eventually causing pain . channels and vessels lack nourishment and pain will
.g particu- result. Therefore, a careful differentiation of the
'CM con- Conclusion state of Qi, Blood, Yin and Yang is crucial .
4uids. The pathology of pain seen in the clinic is often Patterns of Excess pathogenic factors are seen
I by mas very complicated; it varies from individual to indi- most often at the intermediate stage of cancers and
:nt Blood vidual and according to the stage and development manifest with severe pain; at this stage, Vital Qi is
ciency, or of the disease. One or more pathologies may be not yet debilitated and the conflict between exu-
to exces- present at the same time, or can affect or transform berant Vital Qi and exuberant pathogenic factors
Blood is into each other. For example, Deficiency and deple- (essentially Toxins produced by the tumor) is in-
isten the tion of Qi and Blood can combine with exuberance tense . Treatment should therefore be aimed mainly
;sels, thus of Heat Toxins, and Qi stagnation can combine at dispelling pathogenic factors, assisted by sup-
with binding and accumulation of Phlegm-Damp . porting Vital Qi.
However, a Deficiency-Excess complex pattern is
Patterns of Vital Qi Deficiency are seen most
the most common manifestation, especially in the
often at the late stage of cancers and manifest with
pain in intermediate or late stages of cancers . Therefore, chronic pain varying from mild to severe . Vital Qi is
ciency is pain must be viewed systemically on the basis of already debilitated, but residual pathogenic factors
the Zang-Fu organs and the channels and network
are still present . Treatment should be aimed mainly
ion (Ear- vessels, and pattern identification reviewed from
at supporting Vital Qi, assisted by dispelling patho-
time to time in order to achieve a satisfactory result
genic factors.
astitution in treatment .
During treatment, the complex nature of pain in
cancer and the stubbornness of the symptoms
d damage Pattern identification and means that pattern identification should be com-
bined with disease identification, supporting Vital
eases treatment principles
Qi combined with dispelling pathogenic factors, and
:)n is im- invigorating the Blood and transforming Blood sta-
inels and According to TCM theory of the mechanism of
sis combined with regulating Qi and alleviating pain .
y, or the pain and the clinical manifestations and location of
Internal treatment, acupuncture and external treat-
nhibiting pain, the main causes can be summarized as Excess
ment can also be used in combination .
pain. In of pathogenic factors and Deficiency of Vital Qi
Internal treatment with Chinese materia medica
be dam- (Zheng Qi), with the influence of pathogenic fac- involves prescribing a formula to regulate the func
'ang and tors (principally Heat or Fire Toxins, Phlegm, Blood tions of the Zang-Fu organs, Qi and Blood, balance
iay result stasis and Qi disturbances) being seen more often . Yin and Yang, and free the movement of Qi and
Toxic pathogenic factors accumulate internally to Blood in order to alleviate pain .
obstruct the channels and vessels, inhibit the func-
tion and tional activities of Qi, and slow down the move- Acupuncture can be used in the following ways
alt of in- ment of Blood . Since stasis and obstruction in the to treat cancer-induced pain
(Earlier channels causes pain, the obstruction must be freed . • Treating the cause of the disease by eliminating

or reducing the factors that cause stagnation of Qi
and Blood and impede their movement .
• Treating the pathology by dredging the channels
and network vessels and regulating Qi and Blood to
allow them to flow freely.
• Treating the symptoms by quieting the Heart
and shifting the Spirit to distract the patient's atten-
tion away from focusing on the pain .
Although these methods supplement and com-
plement each other, the crucial principles for allevi-
ating pain are dredging the channels and network
vessels and regulating Qi and Blood .
External application alleviates pain by applying
medicinals at a specific location on the body . They
will then be absorbed through the skin to dredge
the channels and invigorate the network vessels, and
free the movement of Qi and Blood .
External application of TCM prescriptions was
recorded in many classical TCM books . For exam-
ple in a discussion on shi Tong ~Zheng (loss-
of-luxuriance, or malignant tumor of the cervical
lymph nodes), Wai Ke Da Cheng [A Compendium of
External Diseases] says : "Although oral administra-
tion of He Bong San Jian Wan (Pill for Harmonizing
Nourishment and Dissipating Hardness) and exter-
nal application of A Wei Ruan Jian Gao (Asafetida
Paste for Softening Hardness) cannot cure the dis-
ease completely, it can prolong the patient's life ." Yi
Zong fin Jian [The Golden Mirror of Medicine] says
that external application of A Wei Ruan Jian Gao
(Asafetida Paste for Softening Hardness) can gradu-
ally disperse the hardness in mild cases and bring
some relief in severe cases, with frequent applica-
tion helping to prevent ulceration.
HEADACHE
Headache in cancer patients is encountered most often
in primary or metastatic intracranial tumors or tumors
of the facial structures such as neuroglioma, in
primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma, in metastatic
encephaloma arising for instance from lung and breast
cancers, in malignant melanoma, or in blood cell
cancers such as leukemia or lymphoma . It can also
occur when the facial and cranial nerves are damaged
by radiotherapy, or in cases of cerebral edema .
WIND-COLD OBSTRUCTION
Main symptoms and signs
Sudden occurrence, a cold sensation and stabbing pain
radiating to the nape and back, exacerbated on expo-
sure to wind and cold . The tongue body is pale red
with a thin white coating, the pulse is wiry or tight .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Dispel Wind, dissipate Cold and alleviate pain .
Prescription
WU TOU TANG
Aconite Mother Root Decoction
Chuan Wu* (Radix Aconiti Carmichaeli) 10g, de-
cocted for at least 60 minutes before adding the
other ingredients
Ma Huang* (Herba Ephedrae) 6g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 1 Og
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 1 Og
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 1 Og
Feng Mi (Mel) 1 Oml
Explanation
• Chuan Wu* (Radix Aconiti Carmichaeli) and Ma
Huang* (Herba Ephedrae) warm the channels
and dissipate Cold.
• Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) aug-
ments Qi and consolidates the exterior.
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) and Gan
Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) relax tension and
alleviate pain .
• Feng Mi (Mel) harmonizes the properties of the
other ingredients with its sweet taste .
Note : Chuan Wu* (Radix Aconiti Carmichaeli) is
highly toxic and must be decocted for at least one


PAIN 217

hour otherwise it may cause cardiotoxicity. Dos- HERBAL MEDICINE

and breast
blood cell age must be strictly controlled . It may be replaced
It can also in the prescription by Fu Pen Zi (Fructus Rubi EXCESS-FIRE PATTERN
e damaged Chingii) 1Og.
Treatment principle
na.
Alternative formulae : Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao San Clear Heat, relieve Toxicity and alleviate pain .
(Tea-Blended Sichuan Lovage Powder) and Qiang
Huo Sheng Shi Tang (Notopterygium Decoction for Prescription
Overcoming Dampness) . LONG DAN XIE GAN TANG
Chinese Gentian Decoction for Draining the Liver
bbing pain
I on expo- ACUPUNCTURE Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae) 6g
is pale red HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) lOg
Treatment principle
r tight. Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 1Og
Dispel Wind, dissipate Cold and alleviate pain .
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 15g
Points : GB-20 Fengchi, EX-HN-5 Taiyang, GV 14 Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) 5g
Dazhui, LI-4 Hegu, and TB-5 Waiguan . Che Oian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 1 Og, wrapped
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 10g
)ain . Technique : Apply the reducing method . Needle Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 1Og ,
GB-20 Fengchi bilaterally 1 .0-1 .3 can toward the Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
spinal column and EX-HN-5 Taiyang on the af-
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
fected side(s) obliquely anteriorly 1 .0-2 .0 cun. Use
standard needling angle and depth for the other
Explanation
10g, de- points. Retain the needles for 10-20 minutes .
• Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae), Huang
iding the Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis), Zhi Zi
Explanation (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis), and Gan Cao
• LI-4 Hegu and GB-20 Fengchi expel Wind and (Radix Glycyrrhizae) clear Heat and relieve
dissipate Cold . Toxicity .
EX-HN-5 Taiyang, GV 14 Dazhui and TB-5 Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis), Tong Cao
g Waiguan expel Wind and alleviate pain . (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) and Che Qian
Zi (Semen Plantaginis) benefit the movement of
INTERNAL ACCUMULATION OF HEAT Dampness and clear Heat.
TOXINS Dang Gui. (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Sheng
i and Ma Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
channels Main symptoms and signs nourish the Blood and emolliate the Liver .
Burning or distending pain, or redness, swelling and • Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) relieves Liver Qi
ari) aug- pain that is eased by cold ; accompanied by manifes- Depression and clears Heat .
tations of Excess-Fire patterns such as high fever,
and Gan thirst with a liking for cold drinks, red face and eyes, Alternative formula : Huang Lian Shang Qing Wan
ion and constipation, reddish urine, a red tongue body with (Coptis Pill for Clearing the Upper Body) .
a yellow coating, and a slippery and rapid pulse ; or
s of the by manifestations of Deficiency-Fire patterns such DEFICIENCY FIRE PATTERN
as low-grade fever in the afternoon, a sensation of
heat in the chest, palms and soles, night sweating, Treatment principle
:haeli) is dry throat, a tender, red tongue tip and a scant Clear Heat, relieve Toxicity, enrich Yin and alleviate
east one tongue coating, and a thready and rapid pulse . pain .

218 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Prescription
XIONG ZHI SHI GAO TANG JIA JIAN
Sichuan Lovage, White Angelica and Gypsum
Decoction, with modifications
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 15g
Bai Zhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae) I Og
Ju Hua (Flos Chrysanthemi Morifolii) 20g
Shi Ga'4 (Gypsum Fibrosum) 20g
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 15g
Bo He (Herba Menthae Haplocalycis) 15g
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 15g
Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) 15g
Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) 20g
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis) 20g
Explanation
• Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong),
Bai Zhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae), Shi Gaol
(Gypsum Fibrosum), and Ju Hua (Flos Chry-
santhemi Morifolii) clear Heat and alleviate
pain .
• HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis), Bo He
(Herba Menthae Haplocalycis) and Zhi Zi
(Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) clear Heat and
relieve Toxicity to benefit the head and eyes.
• Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis),
Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) and Tian Hua Fen
(Radix Trichosanthis) clear Heat and generate
Body Fluids.
Note: Since Shi Gao* (Gypsum Fibrosum), Huang
Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) and Zhi Zi
(Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) are comparatively
bitter and cold and are liable to damage the Spleen
and Stomach, they are not suitable for prolonged
use. Stop using them as soon as the symptoms dis-
appear.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Clear Heat, relieve Toxicity and alleviate pain .
Points: GB-20 Fengchi, EX-HN-5 Taiyang,
GV 14 Dazhui, LI-4 Hegu, LI-11 Quchi, and
LR-3 Taichong.
Technique : Apply the reducing method . Needle
GB-20 Fengchi bilaterally 1 .0-1 .3 can toward the
spinal column and EX-HN-5 Taiyang on the af-
fected side(s) obliquely anteriorly 1 .0-2 .0 cun . Use
standard needling angle and depth for the other
points. Retain the needles for 5 minutes .
Explanation
• LI-4 Hegu and GB-20 Fengchi soothe the sin-
ews and invigorate the network vessels .
EX-HN-5 Taiyang, GV 14 Dazhui, LI-11 Quchi,
and LR-3 Taichong clear Heat and alleviate pain .
PHLEGM TURBIDITY
Main symptoms and signs
Slight dizziness and muzziness of the head due to
headache, fullness and oppression in the chest and
stomach, nausea and vomiting, copious phlegm and
saliva . The tongue body is enlarged with teeth
marks and a white and greasy coating ; the pulse is
deep and wiry, or deep and slippery.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Transform Phlegm and fortify the Spleen, bear
counterflow downward and alleviate pain.
Prescription
BAN XIA BAI ZHU TIAN MA TANG JIA
JIAN
Pinellia, White Atractylodes and Gastrodia Decoc-
tion, with modifications
• Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa-
rata) 15g
Bai Zbu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Tian Ma* (Rhizoma Gastrodiae Elatae) 1 Og
• Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 20g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 15g
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Re
tens) 10g
Explanation
• Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa-
rata), Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae),

Fu Ling (Scierotium Poriae Cocos), Chen Pi
(Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), and Sheng Jiang
(Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens) fortify
the Spleen and transform Phlegm, bear counter-
flow downward and stop vomiting to reduce
Phlegm turbidity and alleviate pain .
• Tian Ma* (Rhizoma Gastrodiae Elatae), a key
herb in the treatment of headache and dizziness,
calms the Liver and extinguishes Wind .
Alternative formula: Zing Gui Zhu Gan Tang (Poria,
Cinnamon Twig, White Atractylodes and Licorice
Decoction) .
Treatment principle
Transform Phlegm and fortify the Spleen, bear
counterflow downward and alleviate pain .
Points: GB-20 Fengchi, EX-HN-5 Taiyang, ST-40
Fenglong, EX-HN-3 Yintang, LU-7 Lieque, and
SP-4 Gongsun .
Technique : Apply the reducing method. Needle
GB-20 Fengchi bilaterally 1 .0-1 .3 can toward the
een, bear
spinal column and EX-HN-5 Taiyang on the af-
fected side(s) obliquely anteriorly 1 .0-2 .0 cun . Use
standard needling angle and depth for the other
LNG JIA points . Retain the needles for 10-15 minutes .
Explanation
EX-HN-3 Yintang, GB-20 Fengchi, EX-HN-5
Taiyang, and LU-7 Lieque soothe the sinews and
invigorate the network vessels to alleviate pain .
• SP-4 Gongsun and ST 40 Fenglong fortify the
Spleen and transform Phlegm .
BLOOD STASIS
nalis Re-
Main symptoms and signs
Persistent headache with a stabbing pain at a fixed
location, a purple tongue body or a tongue with sta-
e Praepa- sis spots or marks and a thin white coating, and a
)cephalae), thready or deep and thready pulse .
PAIN 219
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Free the orifices and invigorate the network vessels,
transform Blood stasis and alleviate pain .
Prescription
TONG QIAO HUO XUE TANG JIA JIAN
Decoction for Freeing the Orifices and Invigorating
the Blood, with modifications
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 10g
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 6g
Tao Ben (Semen Persicae) l Og
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) 1 Og
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
6g
Cong Bai (Bulbus Allii Fistulosi) 6g
Da Zao (Fructus ZiziphiJujubae) 9g
Bai Zhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae) 1 Og
Huang Jiu (Vinum Aureum) 100mi
Explanation
Cong Bai (Bulbus Allii Fistulosi), Bai Zhi (Radix
Angelicae Dahuricae), Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma
Zingiberis Officinalis Recens), and Huang Jiu
(Vinum Aureum) warm and free the orifices
and network vessels.
• Tao Ben (Semen Persicae), Hong Hua (Flos Car-
thami Tinctorii), Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligus-
tici Chuanxiong), Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi
Jujubae), and Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra)
invigorate the Blood, transform Blood stasis
and alleviate pain.
Alternative formula: Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang (Decoc-
tion for Expelling Stasis from the House of Blood) .
Note: Materia medica for invigorating the Blood
and transforming Blood stasis can cause bleeding;
long-term prescription and large dosages are there-
fore contraindicated for pain as a complication of
cancer.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Free the orifices and invigorate the network ves-
sels, transform Blood stasis and alleviate pain .

220 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Points : GB-20 Fengchi, EX-HN-5 Taivang,
LI-4 Hegu, GV-20 Baihui, SP-10 Xuehai,
LR-3 Taichong, and SP-6 Sanyinjiao .
Technique : Apply the reducing method. Needle
GB-20 Fengchi bilaterally 1 .0-1 .3 can toward the
spinal column, and needle EX-HN-5 Taiyang on
the affected side(s) obliquely anteriorly 1 .0-2 .0 can
or prick to bleed . Use standard needling angle and
depth for the other points. Retain the needles for
15-20 minutes .
Explanation
• GB-20 Fengchi, EX-HN-5 Taiyang, LI-4 Hegu,
and GV 20 Baihui soothe the sinews and in-
vigorate the network vessels to alleviate pain .
SP-10 Xuehai invigorates the Blood and dis-
pels Blood stasis .
• LR-3 Taichong and SP-6 Sanyinjiao regulate
Yin and Yang according to the principle of
treating upper body diseases through the lower
body.
QI AND BLOOD DEFICIENCY
Main symptoms and signs
Headache and dizziness, palpitations, restlessness, a
yellowish-white facial complexion, and mental and
physical fatigue . The tongue body is pale with a thin
white coating; the pulse is deep, thready and weak .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Supplement and augment Qi and Blood .
Prescription
BA ZHEN TANG JIA JIAN
Eight Treasure Decoction, with modifications
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 20g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 20g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 15g
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) 15g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 1 Og
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 1Og
Explanation
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae), Bai
Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) and
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) supplement
the Middle Burner and augment Qi .
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Shu Di
Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita),
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae), and Chuan
Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) supple-
ment the Kidneys and nourish the Blood.
• Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) regulates and
harmonizes the properties of the other ingredi-
ents.
Alternative formula: Shi Quan Da Bu Tang (Perfect
Major Supplementation Decoction) .
Note : Materia medica for supplementing and aug-
menting are warm and dry and should not be used
in very large doses to avoid damaging Yin.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Supplement and augment Qi and Blood .
Points : GV 23 Shangxing, SP-10 Xuehai, SP-6
Sanyinjiao, and BL-18 Ganshu .
Technique : Apply the reinforcing method and re-
tain the needles for 10-15 minutes.
Explanation
• GV 23 Shangxing frees the network vessels to
alleviate pain.
SP-10 Xuehai supplements and invigorates the
Blood .
• SP-6 San) njiao e ates and supplements the
Zang-Fu organs.
• BL-18 Ganshu emolliates the Liver and alleviates
pain .


PAIN 221

CHANNEL CONDUCTORS the pleura . Pain behind the sternum accompanied

)ng) lOg by fever occurs when esophageal cancer perforates
Materia medica commonly used as Taiyang, Shao- to cause acute mediastinitis.
yang and Yangming channel conductors in prescrip- Patients with primary lung cancer often complain
tions for alleviating headache : of distension and fullness in the chest with
• for pain at the vertex : compression pain. The usually dull pain initially may
)sulae), Bai Gao Ben (Rhizoma et Radix Ligustici) be poorly localized, and may subsequently radiate to
thalae) and Wu Zhu Yu (Fructus Evodiae Rutaecarpae) the shoulders, upper back and neck . As the tumor
supplement Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis) grows, compression pain at a fixed location be-
for migraine : comes persistent ; it is often exacerbated by taking
s), Shu Di Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) deep breaths, coughing or changing position .
Conquita), HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) Chest pain is frequently a sequel to surgery for
and Chuan Bai Ji Li (Fructus Tribuli Terrestris) breast and nasopharyngeal cancer . In addition,
kg) supple- Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) radiotherapy for lung, breast and nasopharyngeal
)od . • for headache involving the neck: cancer often results in proliferation of fibrous tissue
elates and Qiang Huo (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii) and radiation pneumonitis, which causes sharp pain
per ingredi- Ge Gen (Radix Puerariae) in the chest wall and within the thorax, and is often
for frontal pain: accompanied by dry cough with scant phlegm or
Bai Zhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae) blood-streaked phlegm .
Ge Gen (Radix Puerariae)
Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Aspho- PHLEGM-HEAT CONGESTING THE
deloidis) LUNGS
• for occipital headache :
Main symptoms and signs
Qiang Huo (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii) Cough, dyspnea, rough breathing, pain and fullness
Ma Huang' (Radix Ephedrae) in the chest, abdominal fullness and constipation, or
Man Jing Zi (Fructus Viticis) cough with thick and sticky phlegm, and thirst with
Commonly used acupuncture points a desire for drinks. The tongue body is dull red with
for frontal headache: GB-14 Yangbai and LI-4 a yellow or yellow and greasy coating ; the pulse is
Hegu slippery and rapid .

, SP-6 • for migraine : TB-20 Jiaosun, GB-20 Fengchi

and TB-5 Waiguan HERBAL MEDICINE
• for occipital headache : GB-20 Fengchi and
Treatment principle
:)d and re- BL-60 Kunlun Clear Heat and transform Phlegm, free the network
for headache at the vertex: GV 20 Baihui and vessels to alleviate pain .
LR-3 Taichong
Prescription
YUE BI JIA BAN XIA TANG
vessels to Maidservant from Yue Decoction Plus Pinellia

orates the Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Re-

CHEST PAIN
ments the
Pain in the chest is often induced by tumors in the
pleura, chest wall or internal structures of the chest,
i alleviates
for example, carcinomas of the esophagus, lung or
breast, mediastinal tumors, and mesothelioma of
cens) 15g
• Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa-
rata) 15g
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 15g
• Xing Cao (Herba Houttuyniae Cordatae) 20g
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 20g

222 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis) 15g
She Gan (Rhizoma Belamcandae Chinensis) 15g
Ting Li Zi (Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae) 15g
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 10g
Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) 15g
Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Curydalis Yanhusuo) 15g
Explanation
• Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Re-
cens) and 1'a Bun /a (Rhizoma Pinelliae Terna-
tae Praeparata) dissipate Fluids and transform
Phlegm to bear counterflow downward .
• Huang Qiu (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis), Yu
Xing Cao (I-lerba Houttuyniae Cordatae), Gua
Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis), Chuan Bei Mu
(Bulbul Fritillariae Cirrhosae), and Sang Bai Pi
(Cortex Mori Albae Radicis) clear Heat and
transform Phlegm to benefit the Lungs .
She Gan (Rhizoma Belamcandae Chinensis) and
Ting Li /.i (Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae)
drain the Lungs and calm wheezing.
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) frees the Fu
organs and drains Heat to bear Lung Qi down-
ward .
• Yan Hu Sno (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo)
moves Qi to alleviate pain.
Alternative formula: Sang Bai Pi Tang (Mulberry
Root Bark Decoction) .
Note : Materia medica with a bitter flavor and cold
nature often damage the Stomach and are not suit-
able for long-term use .
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and transform Phlegm, and free the
network vessels to alleviate pain .
Points : CV-17 Danzhong, LI-11 Quchi,
PC-5 Jianshi, LI-4 Hegu, ST-40 Fenglong, and
SP-6 Sanyinjiao .
Technique : Apply a mild reducing method. Needle
CV 17 Danzhong transversely inferiorly. Use stan-
dard needling angle and depth for the other points .
Retain the needles for 5-10 minutes.
Explanation
• CV 17 Danzhong loosens the Middle Burner
and regulates Qi .
LI-11 Quchi drains Heat and bears Qi down-
ward .
PC-5 Jianshi and LI-4 Hegu clear and drain
Heat in the Lungs.
ST-40 Fenglong and SP-6 Sanyinjiao regulate
and harmonize Yin and Yang.
ACCUMULATION AND OBSTRUCTION
OF PHLEGM TURBIDITY
Main symptoms and signs
Oppression and pain in the chest, copious phlegm
with coughing and spitting of phlegm and saliva,
shortness of breath, accompanied by fatigue and
lack of strength, obesity, heavy body, poor appetite,
loose stools, a sticky sensation in the mouth, and
nausea . The tongue body is red with a white and
greasy coating; the pulse is slippery.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Transform Phlegm and drain turbidity, and free the
network vessels to alleviate pain .
Prescription
GUA LOU XIE BAI BAN XIA TANG JIA
JIAN
Tricosanthes, Chinese Chive and Pinellia Decoction,
with modifications
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 15g
Xie Bai (Bulbus Allii Macrostemi) 15g
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Tematae Praeparata) 1 Og
Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) 15g
Zhi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii) 15g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 20g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 5g
Xi Xin* (Herba cum Radice Asari) 5g
Explanation
• Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) and Xie Bai
(Bulbus AU Macrostemi) transform Phlegm
and free Yang, move Qi and alleviate pain .

• Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Prae-
le Burner parata), Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis)
and Zhi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Cirri Aurantii)
Qi down- move Qi and dissipate stagnation with acridity,
bitterness and warmth to transform Phlegm
and dissipate lumps .
and drain
• Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) and Gan Cao
(Radix Glycyrrhizae) fortify the Spleen and
regulate
benefit the movement of water to transform
Fluids.
Xi Xin* (Herba cum Radice Asari) warms Yang
JCTION and transforms Fluids, dissipates Cold and alle-
viates pain .
Alternative formulae : Huang Lian Wlen Dan Tang
is phlegm (Coptis Decoction for Warming the Gallbladder)
nd saliva, and Er Chen Tang (Two Matured Ingredients Decoc-
tigue and tion) .
r appetite,
outh, and Note : Since the Spleen is the source of generation
white and of Phlegm, materia medica for fortifying the Spleen
and transforming Dampness should be used ap-
propriately.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
d free the
Transform Phlegm and drain turbidity, and free the
network vessels to alleviate pain .
NG JIA Points: SP-9 Yinlingquan, ST-40 Fenglong, PC-6
Neiguan, SP-4 Gongsun, CV-11 jianli, and CV-14
Juque.
)ecoction,
Technique : Apply a mild reducing method and re-
tain the needles for 15-20 minutes .
Explanation
• SP-9 Yinlingquan and ST 40 Fenglong fortify
the Spleen and transform Phlegm .
PC-6 Neiguan, SP-4 Gongsun, CV-1 1 Jianli, and
CV 14 Juque regulate the Spleen and Stomach,
and free the network vessels to alleviate pain .
QI STAGNATION AND BLOOD STASIS
Main symptoms and signs
Burning pain in the chest and pain, oppression and
discomfort in the hypochondrium, or a stabbing
PAIN 223
pain in the chest and hypochondrium with inhibited
breathing . The tongue body is dull red with a thin
white coating ; the pulse is wiry.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Regulate Qi and alleviate pain, invigorate the Blood
and transform Blood stasis .
Prescription
XIANG FU XUAN FU HUA TANG JIA GE
XIA ZHU YU TANG JIA JIAN
Nutgrass Rhizome and Inula Flower' Decoction
Plus Decoction for Expelling Stasis from Below the
Diaphragm, with modifications
Xuan Fu Hua (Flos Inulae) 1 Og, wrapped
Su Zi (Fructus Perillae Frutescentis) 1 Og
Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae) log
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata)
10g
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi) 1 Og
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae) log
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 1Og
Qing Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae Viride) 6g
Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae) 1 Og
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) I Og
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) log
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 30g
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 6g
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 1 Og
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) 6g
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 6g
Bie Jia* (Carapax Amydae Sinensis) 20g, decocted
for 30 minutes before adding the other ingredients
Explanation
Xuan Fu Hua (Flos Inulae), Su Zi (Fructus
Perillae Frutescentis), Xing Ren (Semen Pruni
Armeniacae), Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae
Ternatae Praeparata), Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coicis
Lachryma-jobi), and Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae
Cocos) bear Qi downward and transform
Phlegm.

224 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
• Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cjperi Rotundi), Chen Pi
(Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Chai Hu (Radix
Bupleuri), ,Qing Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Viride), and Yu fin (Radix Curcumae) regulate
Qi and relieve Depression.
• Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra), Bai Shao
(Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae), Dan Shen (Radix
Salviae Miltiorrhizae), Oman Xiong (Rhizoma
Ligustici Chuanxiong), Mu Dan Pi (Cortex
Moutan Radicis), Hong Hua (Flos Carthami
Tinctorii), and E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) in-
vigorate the Blood, dissipate Blood stasis and
alleviate pain .
Bie Jia* (Carapax Amydae Sinensis) softens
hardness and dissipates lumps .
Note : Bie Jia* (Carapax Amydae Sinensis) may be
replaced by Jiang Cant (Bomb`x Batryticatus) 12g or
Gou Teng (Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis) 18g .
Alternative formulae : Chai Hu Shu Gan San (Bu-
pleurum Powder for Dredging the Liver) and Xue
Fu Zhu hii Tang (Decoction for Expelling Stasis
from the House of Blood) .
Note : Materia medica for regulating Qi often dam-
age Qi and consume Yin, and materia medica for
invigorating the Blood are liable to cause bleeding.
They must therefore be used with caution for tumor
patients with Yin Deficiency and a tendency to
hemorrhage easily.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Regulate Qi and alleviate pain, invigorate the Blood
and transform Blood stasis.
Points: CV-17 Danzhong, LU-1 Zhongfu,
TB-6 Zhigou, and LR-3 Taichong .
Technique : Apply a mild reducing method . Needle
CV-17 Danzhong transversely inferiorly and LU-1
Zhongfu obliquely and laterally along the first in
tercostal space. Use standard needling angle and
depth for the other points . Retain the needles for
15-20 minutes .
Explanation
• CV 17 Danzhong and LU-1 Zhongfu transform
Phlegm and harmonize the network vessels to
alleviate pain .
TB-6 Zhigou and LR-3 Taichong dredge the
Liver, regulate Qi and relieve Depression .
QI AND YIN DEFICIENCY
Main symptoms and signs
Pain and oppression in the chest with exacerbation
on exertion, heat in the palms and soles or
low-grade fever, dry mouth, night sweating, palpita-
tions, forgetfulness, fatigue and lack of strength,
and a lusterless facial complexion . The tongue bodyi
is red with a scant coating or no coating; the pulse is
threads, or thready and rapid .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and nourish Yin .
Prescription
SHENG MAI SAN JIA JIAN
Pulse-Generating Powder, with modifications
Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) 10g, decocted separately
for at least 60 minutes and added to the prepared
decoction
111ai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
A~ri l7ei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) 15g
Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 15g
E Jiaoi= (Gelatinum Corii Asini) 10g melted in the
prepared decoction
Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) 1 Og
Explanation
• Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) and Huang Qi (Radix
Astragali seu Hedysari) greatly supplement
Original Qi (Yuan Qi) .
• Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici)
nourishes Yin with cold and sweetness .
• Wlu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) constrains Yin
and stops sweating with sourness .


PAIN 225

Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) invigo- cavity as a result of involvement of the lumbosacral
transform rates the Blood and transforms Blood stasis . plexus. An aching persistent pain often occurs in the
vessels to E Jiaol (Gelatinum Corii Asini) supplements and lower abdomen and is exacerbated when sitting or
nourishes the Blood . lying. When tumors spread to the celiac plexus, an
hedge the Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) alle- indeterminate dull pain without any fixed location
ion. viates pain . may occur, subsequently radiating to the upper back,
abdomen and lower chest
Alternative formula: Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang Jia Liu
Wei Di Huang Tang (Decoction for Supplementing
CONGEALING AND STAGNATION OF
the Middle Burner and Augmenting Qi Plus
Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Decoction) . PATHOGENIC COLD
acerbation
soles or Main symptoms and signs
Note : Materia medica for supplementing Qi cannot
g, palpita- Sudden onset of severe tense pain in the abdomen,
be used for a long period, as they generate Heat that relieved by warmth and exacerbated by exposure to
strength, will damage Yin .
igue body cold, cold hands and feet, a bland taste in the mouth
without thirst, and long voidings of clear urine . The
ae pulse is ACUPUNCTURE tongue body is pale red with a white and greasy
coating; the pulse is deep and wiry.
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and nourish Yin .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Points : ST-36 Zusanli, SP-6 Sanyinjiao,
PC-4 Ximen, HT-3 Shaohai, CV-17 Danzhong, and Treatment principle
CV-6 Qihai . Warm the interior and dissipate Cold, regulate Qi
and alleviate pain .
Technique : Apply the reinforcing method . Needle
CV 17 Danzhong transversely inferiorly. Use stan- Prescription
)ns LIANG FU WAN HE ZHENG QI TIAN
Bard needling angle and depth for the other points .
XIANG SAN JIA JIAlV
separately Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes.
Lesser Galangal and Nutgrass Rhizome Pill Com-
prepared
bined With Lindera and Nutgrass Rhizome Vital Qi
Explanation Powder, with modifications
dci) 15g • ST 36 Zusanli and SP-6 Sanyinjiao fortify the
Spleen and augment Qi. Gao Liang Jiang (Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinari) 15g
• CV-6 Qihai nourishes Yin and harmonizes the Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis) 1Og
Blood . Zi Su Ye (Folium Perillae Frutescentis) 15g
:ed in the PC-4 Ximen, HT-3 Shaohai and CV 17 Danzhong Wu Yao (Radix Linderae Strychnifoliae) lOg
free the network vessels to alleviate pain . Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi) 15g
log Chen Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae) 15g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) lOg
Qi (Radix
pplement Explanation
ABDOMINAL PAIN • Gao Liang Jiang (Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinari),
Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis) and
Japonici)
Abdominal pain in cancer is generally caused by Zi Su Ye (Folium Perillae Frutescentis) warm the
tumors in the abdominal cavity, for instance in can- Middle Burner and dissipate Cold .
trains Yin
cers of the stomach, pancreas, gallbladder and large Wu Yao (Radix Linderae Strychnifoliae), Xiang
intestine, and by late-stage tumors of the pelvic Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi) and Chen Pi

226 MANAGEMENT OF CANCI R
(Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) regulate Qi and
alleviate pain .
• Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) and Gay
Cao (Radix Gvcvrrhizae) relax tension and
alleviate pain .
Alternative formulae: Fu Zi L i Zhong IVan (Aco-
nite Pill for Regulating the Middle Burner), Nuan
Gait fian (Liver-Warming Brew) and l eii Pi Tang
(Spleen-Warming Decoction) .
Note : Most of these materia medica are warm or
hot in nature and should not be prescribed for a
long period to avoid damaging Yin and consuming
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Warm the interior and dissipate Cold, regulate Qi
and alleviate pain.
Points : CV-12 Zhongwan, ST-36 Zusanli,
SP-4 Gongsun, CV-8 Shenque, and CV-4 Guanyuan.
Technique : Apply the reducing method . Use
moxibustion on ginger at CV -8 Shenque ; moxibus-
tion can also be used at the other points after acu-
puncture. Retain the needles for 30 minutes .
Explanation
• CV 12 Zhongwan warms the Stomach and alle-
viates pain .
• ST-36 Zusanli fortifies the Spleen and augments
Qi.
• CV-8 Shenque and CV-4 Guanyuan warm Yang
and boost the Kidneys .
INTERNAL OBSTRUCTION OF DAMP-
HEAT
Main symptoms and signs
Distension, fullness and pain in the abdomen that
dislikes pressure, irritability and thirst, constipation
or loose stools with a feeling of incomplete evacua-
tion, and short voidings of reddish urine . The
tongue body is red with a yellow and dry or yellow
and greasy coating ; the pulse is slippery and rapid .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Free the abdomen and drain Heat, regulate Qi and
alleviate pain.
Prescription
DA CHENG QI TANG JIA JIAN
Major Qi-Sustaining Decoction, with modifications
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 15g
Hon Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) 15g
7-hi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii) 15g
Mang Xiaot (Mirabilitum) 5g, dissolved into the
strained decoction
7-hi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 15g
Huang Qbi (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 15g
Explanation
• Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) drains Heat
with cold and bitterness, and attacks dry stool to
force it downward .
Mang Xiaot (Mirabilitum) moistens Dryness,
softens hardness and dissipates lumps with its
salty flavor and cold nature.
• Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) and Zhi
Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii) break up
Qi and guide out stagnation, disperse focal dis-
tension and eliminate fullness .
• Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) and
Huang Oin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) clear
Heat and benefit the movement of Dampness .
Alternative formulae : Hou Po San U'u Tang (Mag-
nolia Bark Three Agents Decoction) and Zhi .Shi
Dao Zhi U"an (Immature Bitter Orange Pill For
Guiding Out Stagnation) .
Note : Since these materia medica have a compara-
tively strong downward-draining effect, they_ are not
suitable for long-term use .

ACUPUNCTURE
Points : TB-6 Zhigou, SI-4 Wangu, SP-9 Yinlingquan,
ST 36 Zusanli, and SP-4 Gongsun.
Technique : Apply the reducing method and retain
the needles for 15-20 minutes .
Explanation
• TB-6 Zhigou in combination with SI-4 Wangu frees
binding of Heat to force it downward.
ST36 Zusanli and SP-4 Gongsun clear the
Stomach, drain Heat and alleviate pain.
• SP-9 Yinlingquan regulates the Spleen and
Stomach .
QI STAGNATION AND BLOOD STASIS
Main symptoms and signs
Pain in the stomach and abdomen.
• Predominance of Qi stagnation manifests as
distension, fullness and discomfort in the stomach
and abdomen that also attacks and penetrates the
hypochondrium, and is sometimes focused and
sometimes dissipated, relieved by belching or pas-
sage of flatus through the rectum . The tongue is
pale red with a thin white coating ; the pulse is wiry
• Predominance of Blood stagnation is character-
ized by severe sharp stabbing pain, a dull purple
tongue body with stasis spots or marks and a thin
white coating, and a thready or deep and thready
pulse .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Invigorate the Blood and transform Blood stasis,
regulate Qi and alleviate pain .
Prescription
SHAO FU ZHU YU TANG JIA CHAI HU
SHU GAN SAN JIA JIAN
Decoction for Expelling Stasis from the Lower
Abdomen Plus Bupleurum Powder for Dredging
the Liver, with modifications
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 20g
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 15g
PAIN 227
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 15g
Pu Huang (Pollen Typhae) 15g, wrapped
Mo Yao (Myrrha) 15g
Xiao Hui Xiang (Fructus Foeniculi Vulgaris) 1 Og
Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis) 10g
Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) 15g
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 15g
Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi) 1 Og
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 15g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 5g
Explanation
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis),
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuan-
xiong) and Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Ru-
bra) nourish and invigorate the Blood .
• Pu Huang (Pollen Typhae) and Mo Yao (Myrrha)
transform Blood stasis to alleviate pain.
• Xiao Hui Xiang (Fructus Foeniculi Vulgaris) and
Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis)
warm the channels to alleviate pain.
• Zbi Ke (Fructus Aurantii), Chai Hu (Radix Bu-
pleuri), Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi), and
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) dredge
the Liver and regulate Qi.
Bai Sbao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) and Gan
Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) relax tension to allevi-
ate pain .
Alternative formula : Ge Xia Zhu Yu Tang (Decoc-
tion for Expelling Stasis from Below the Dia-
phragm)
Note : Materia medica for regulating Qi often dam-
age Qi and consume Yin, and materia medica for
invigorating the Blood are liable to cause bleeding.
They must therefore be used with caution for tumor
patients with Yin Deficiency and a tendency to
hemorrhage easily.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Invigorate the Blood and transform Blood stasis,
regulate Qi and alleviate pain .
Points : LR-3 Taichong, CV-6 Qihai, SP-6 Sanyinjiao,
and GB-34 Yanglingquan .

Technique : Apply a mild reducing method . Needle
CV-6 Qihai first, and then the points on the limbs .
Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes.
Explanation
LR-3 Taichong and GB-34 Yanglingquan dredge
the liver and regulate Qi to alleviate pain-
CV-6 Qihai and SP-6 Sanyinjiao regulate the
functional activities of Qi .
DEFICIENCY COLD OF THE SPLEEN
AND STOMACH
Main symptoms and signs
Constantly recurring abdominal pain that likes
pressure and warmth and is averse to cold, mental
and physical fatigue, shortness of breath, little de-
sire to speak, cold body and limbs, a lusterless facial
complexion, and thin and loose stools . The tongue
body is pale with a thin white coating; the pulse is
deep and thready.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Warm the Middle Burner and supplement Defi-
ciency, relax tension and alleviate pain .
Prescription
XIAO JIAN ZHONG TANG JIA JIAN
Minor Decoction for Fortifying the Middle Burner,
with modifications
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 20g
Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamon-ii Cassiae) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 10g
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Re-
cens) 15g
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 1 Og
Yi Tang (Saccharum Granorum) 15g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 20g
Explanation
• Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae), Yi Tang
(Saccharum Granorum), Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma
Zingiberis Officinalis Recens), and Da Zao
(Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) warm the Middle
Burner and supplement Deficiency.
• Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) and Gan
Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) relax tension to allevi-
ate pain .
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) fortifies
the Spleen and augments Qi .
Alternative formulae: Dang Gui Si Ni Tang (Chi-
nese Angelica Root Counterflow Cold Decoction)
and HuangQi Jian Zhong Tang (Astragalus Decoction
for Fortifying the Middle Burner) .
Note : Patients presenting with this pattern often
have a comparatively weak constitution and have
been ill for a long time . Supplementing herbs
should be not too strong, otherwise the Deficient
constitution may refuse to accept supplementation .
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Warm the Middle Burner and supplement Defi-
ciency, relax tension and alleviate pain .
Points: BL-20 Pishu, BL-21 Weishu, CV 12 Zhong-
wan, CV-6 Qihai, ST 36 Zusanli, and SP-6 Sanyinjiao .
Technique : Apply the reinforcing method, fol-
lowed by moxibustion. Retain the needles for 20-40
minutes .
Explanation
• BL-20 Pishu and BL-21 Weishu warm the
Middle Burner and fortify the Spleen .
• CV 12 Zhongwan regulates the functional ac-
tivities of Qi in the Spleen and Stomach .
CV-6 Qihai and SP-6 Sanyinjiao fortify the
Spleen and augment and regulate Qi .
ST 36 Zusanli supplements and boosts the
Spleen and Stomach .
PAIN IN THE HYPOCHONDRIUM
Hypochondrial pain is often due to the liver capsule


PAIN 229

.e Middle stretching in primary or secondary hepatic carci- • Zhi Ke (Fructus Aurantii) moves Qi and loosens
noma. It can also be caused by pleural effusion in the Middle Burner.
and Gan lung cancer. Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) frees the
i to allevi- Blood vessels and guides the downward move-
BLOOD STASIS OBSTRUCTING THE ment of Blood .
i) fortifies NETWORK VESSELS Alternative formula: Fu Yuan Huo Xue Tang (De-
Main symptoms and signs coction for Restoring the Origin and Invigorating
rang (Chi- A stabbing pain, worse at night, at fixed tender loca- the Blood) .
)ecoction) tions in the hypochondrium, and a somber facial
Decoction Note: Since materia medica for invigorating the
complexion. The tongue body is dull purple with a Blood and transforming Blood stasis are liable to
thin white coating; the pulse is deep and thready. cause bleeding, they must be used with caution for
ern often tumor patients who hemorrhage easily .
and have HERBAL MEDICINE
ng herbs ACUPUNCTURE
Deficient Treatment principle
entation. Invigorate the Blood and transform Blood stasis, Treatment principle
and free the network vessels to alleviate pain. Invigorate the Blood and transform Blood stasis,
Prescription and free the network vessels to alleviate pain.
XUE FU ZHU YU TANG JIA JIAN Points: I B-6 Zhigou, GB-34 Yanglingquan and
Decoction for Expelling Stasis from the House of BL-17 Geshu.
ant Defi-
Blood, with modifications
Technique : Apply the reducing method. Needle
2 Zhong- Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 20g GB-34 Yanglingquan first, and after obtaining Qi,
anyinjiao. Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g rotate the needle to enhance the needling sensation
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae) 15g and send it upward to the hypochondrium . Do the
hod, fol- Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) 15g same when TB-6 Zhigou is punctured to allow the
for 20-40 Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) 1 Og needling sensation to pass from the arm to the
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 15g hypochondrium . Retain the needles for 20 minutes .
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 15g
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) 20g Explanation
'arm the Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 15g • TB-6 Zhigou regulates the functional activities
Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) 20g of Qi in the Middle Burner to harmonize the
Tonal ac- network vessels and alleviate pain .
h. Explanation • GB-34 Yanglingquan and BL-17 Geshu dredge
irtify the Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Sheng Di the Liver and benefit the Gallbladder.
Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae), Tao Ren
'osts the (Semen Persicae), Hong Hua (Flos Carthami DEPRESSION AND BINDING OF LIVER
Tinctorii), Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra), and QI
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong)
invigorate the Blood and transform Blood stasis Main symptoms and signs
to nourish the Blood. Distension and pain in the hypochondrium with no
• Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) moves Qi and dredges fixed location and which may subsequently radiate to
MUM the Liver. the chest and back, pain aggravated by anger, oppres-
• Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) opens sion in the chest, and frequent sighing. The tongue body
Lung Qi. is pale red with a thin white coating ; the pulse is wiry
r capsule

230 MA.NAGEN11?NT ( )I ( : AN( :I : R
HERBAL MI'I)I( .I ;'\I
Treatment principle
Dredge the I Acr, re in cc Qi and alleviate pain .
Prescription
CHAT HU SHU GAN SAN JIA JIAN
Buplculrum I'O\\'dcr for Dredging the Liver, with
III()(]]I -Ical ions
l lu (Radix Bupleuri) IOg
(),il
lauo I`// (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi) 15g
7bi he- (Fructus Cirri Aurandi) 20g
(lien Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae) 15g
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 15g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 5g
Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Meliae Toosendan) 15g
Explanation
s Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri), Xiang Fu (Rhizoma
Cyperi Rotundi), Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii),
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae), and
Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Meliae Toosendan)
regulate Qi and eliminate distension .
• Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong)
invigorates the Blood and moves Qi to free the
network vessels .
• Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) and Gan
Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) relax tension to allevi-
ate pain .
Alternative formula: fin Ling Zi San (Sichuan Chi-
naberry Powder) .
Note: Materia medica for moving Qi are likely to
damage Qi and consume Yin owing to their dry
nature ; they are therefore not suitable for long-term
use in patients with Yin Deficiency.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Dredge the Liver, regulate Qi and alleviate pain .
Points : BL-18 Ganshu and LR-14 Qimen .
Technique : Apply the reducing method . Needle
BL-18 Ganshu first and transmit the needling sen-
sation to the anterior hypochondrium ; then needle
LR-14 Qimen and transmit the needling sensation
to the posterior hypochondrium . Retain the needles
for 20-30 minutes.
Explanation
BL-18 Ganshu dredges the Liver and regulates
Qi.
LR-14 Qimen harmonizes the network vessels
to alleviate pain.
DAMP-HEAT IN THE LIVER AND
GALLBLADDER
Main symptoms and signs
Distension and pain or severe pain and tenderness
in the hypochondrium and abdomen, a bitter taste
in the mouth, yellowing of the eyes, yellow or red-
dish urine, and dry stools . The tongue body is red
or crimson with a yellow and greasy coating; the
pulse is wiry, or slippery and rapid .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Clear the Liver and benefit the Gallbladder.
Prescription
LONG DAN XIE GAN TANG JIA JIAN
Chinese Gentian Decoction for Draining the Liver,
with modifications
Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae) l Og
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 10g
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 1 Og
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 1 Og
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) I Og
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 1 Og
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 1 Og
Bai Ji* (Rhizoma Bletillae Striatae) 10g
Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) I Og
San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 6g, infused
in the prepared decoction
Explanation
• Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae), Huang
Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis), Da Huang
(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), and Huang Lian

sensation (Rhizoma Coptidis) clear and drain Damp-Heat
he needles in the Liver.
• Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis), Chi Shao
(Radix Paeoniae Rubra), Bai Ji* (Rhizoma
Bletillae Striatae), and San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis
I regulates Notoginseng) cool the Blood and dissipate
Blood stasis to stop bleeding.
irk vessels • Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) and Zbi Ke (Fructus
Citri Aurantii) dredge the Liver and regulate Qi .
Alternative formula: Liang Ge San (Powder for
4D
Cooling the Diaphragm) .
Note : Since most of these materia medica are bitter
and cold, they should not be used for long periods .
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Clear the Liver and benefit the Gallbladder.
Points: LR-14 Qimen, TB-6 Zhigou, LR 3 Taichong,
and SP-6 Sanyinjiao.
Technique: Apply the reducing method . Needle
LR-3 Taichong, SP-6 Sanyinjiao and TB-6 Zhigou
first; once the needling sensation has reached the
hypochondrium, LR-14 Qimen should be needled .
Retain the needles for 30 minutes.
Explanation
Og
• LR-14 Qimen and LR-3 Taichong clear the
tog
Liver and benefit the Gallbladder .
SP-6 Sanyinjiao and TB-6 Zhigou harmonize
the network vessels to alleviate pain .
ACCUMULATION OF PHLEGM-FLUIDS
Main symptoms and signs
;, infused Oppression, pain and discomfort in the chest and
hypochondrium, copious phlegm, shortness of
breath, obesity and a heavy body, fatigue and lack of
strength, poor appetite, loose stools, and coughing
and spitting of phlegm and saliva . The tongue body
e), Huang
)a Huang is red with a white and greasy coating; the pulse is
ang Lian slippery.
PAIN 231
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Transform Phlegm and expel Fluids, and free the
network vessels to alleviate pain .
Prescription
SHI ZAO TANG JIA JIAN
Ten Jujubes Decoction, with modifications
Jing Da Ji (Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis) 6g
Gan Sui (Radix Euphorbiae Kansui) 6g
Yuan Hua (Flos Daphnes Genkwa) 6g
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 10 pieces
Technique : Grind Jing Da Ji (Radix Euphorbiae
Pekinensis), Gan Sui (Radix Euphorbiae Kansui)
and Yuan Hua (Flos Daphnes Genkwa) into a pow-
der. Take 1-3g of the powder twice a day with the
juice from the decoction of Da Zao (Fructus
Ziziphi Jujubae) .
Explanation
Jing Da Ji (Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis), Gan
Sui (Radix Euphorbiae Kansui) and Yuan Hua
(Flos Daphnes Genkwa) drain downward dras-
tically and expel water.
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) moderates the
drastic action of the other ingredients.
Alternative formula : Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang (Poria,
Cinnamon Twig, White Atractylodes and Licorice
Decoction) .
Note : Shi Zao TangJia Jian (Ten jujubes Decoction,
with modifications) drains downward drastically to
expel water. Nausea, vomiting, rumbling intestines
or diarrhea may occur after ingestion. If severe
vomiting affects intake of food, reduce the dosage
or stop taking the prescription.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Transform Phlegm and expel Fluids, and free the
network vessels to alleviate pain .
Points : LR-13 Zhangmen, CV 12 Zhongwan,
BL-20 Pishu, BL-21 Weishu, ST-36 Zusanli, and
GB-34 Yanglingquan .

232 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Technique : Apply the reducing method and retain
the needles for 20-30 minutes .
Explanation
• LR-13 Zhangmen dredges the Liver, alleviates
pain and dissipates focal distension .
CV 12 Zhongwan, BL-20 Pishu and BL-21
Weishu regulate the Spleen and Stomach.
ST 36 Zusanli and GB-34 Yanglingquan regu-
late the functional activities of Qi .
INSUFFICIENCY OF LIVER-YIN
Main symptoms and signs
Dull, continuous pain in the hypochondrium, exac-
erbated on exertion, dry mouth and throat, irri-
tability with a sensation of heat in the chest, dry
eyes, and dizziness and blurred vision . The tongue
body is red with a scant coating ; the pulse is wiry,
thready and rapid .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Enrich Yin and emolliate the Liver, nourish the
Blood and free the network vessels .
Prescription
YI GUAN JIAN JIA JIAN
All-the-Way-Through Brew, with modifications
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 20g
Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu Adenophorae) 15g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 20g
Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Meliae Toosendan) 15g
Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
Han Lion Cao (Herba Ecliptae Prostratae) 20g
Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati) 15g
Explanation
• Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae),
Gou Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii), Nii Zhen Zi (Fructus
Ligustri Lucidi), Han Lian Cao (Herba Ecliptae
Prostratae), and Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polvgonati)
enrich and nourish the Liver and Kidneys .
• Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu Adenophorae),
Alai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici)
and Doug Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) nour-
ish Yin and emolliate the Liver .
• Chuan Lion Zi (Fructus Meliae Toosendan)
soothes the Liver and regulates Qi to alleviate
pain .
• The Liver is an unyielding organ and cannot be
regulated and harmonized without the use of
materia medica of an emolliating and moisten-
ing nature .
Alternative formulae : Er Zhi Wan (Double Su-
preme Pill) and Jia Wei Xiao I ao San (Augmented
Free Wanderer Powder) .
Note : Since materia medica for nourishing Yin are
often enriching and greasy, they are not suitable for
long-term use .
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Enrich Yin and emolliate the Liver, nourish the
Blood and free the network vessels .
Points : HT-6 Yinxi, BL-15 Xinshu, SP-10 Xuehai,
and SP-6 Sanyinjiao .
Technique : Apply the reinforcing method and re-
tain the needles for 30 minutes .
Explanation
HT-6 Yinxi and BL-15 Xinshu nourish the
Heart and Spirit and calm Heart-Blood .
• SP-10 Xuehai enriches Yin and supplements the
Blood .
• SP-6 Sanyinjiao regulates the functional activi-
ties of Qi .
LOWER BACK PAIN
Pain in the lower back in cancer is commonly seen
with tumors of the kidneys or lumbar vertebrae, for

example in metastatic cancer involving the vertebrae,
multiple myeloma, kidney cancer and Wilms' tumor
(nephroblastoma) .
CONGEALING AND ACCUMULATION OF
COLD-DAMP
Main symptoms and signs
Severe cold and pain in the lower back, exacerbated
on exposure to cold and relieved by warmth, diffi-
culty in turning to the side, fatigue and lack of
strength, cold hands and feet, reduced food intake,
and abdominal distension . The tongue body is pale
and enlarged with a white, greasy and moist coating;
the pulse is deep and tight or deep and slow.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Dissipate Cold and benefit the movement of
Dampness, warm the channels and free the network
vessels .
Prescription
SHEN SHI TANG JIA JIAN
Dampness-Percolating Decoction, with modifica-
tions
Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis) 15g
Ding Xiang (Flos Caryophylli) 15g
Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 20g
Ju Hong (Pars Rubra Epicarpii Citri Erythrocarpae)
log
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 20g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 10g
Fu Zi' (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli
Praeparata) 10g, decocted for 60 minutes be-
fore adding the other ingredients
Gou Ji (Rhizoma Cibotii Barometz) 20g
Explanation
• Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis), Ding
Xiang (Flos Caryophylli) and Gan Cao (Radix
Glycyrrhizae) dissipate Cold and warm the
Middle Burner to strengthen Spleen Yang .
• Cang Zbu (Rhizoma Atractylodis), Bai Zhu (Rhi-
PAIN 233
zoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) and Ju Hong
(Pars Rubra Epicarpii Citri Erythrocarpae) dry
the Spleen and eliminate Dampness .
• Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) percolates
Dampness and fortifies the Spleen .
Gou Ji (Rhizoma Cibotii Barometz) supplements
the Kidneys and strengthens the lower back.
• Fu Zi* (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli
Praeparata) warms the Middle Burner and dis-
sipates Cold.
Notes :
1 . Since warming and drying materia medica are
likely to damage Yin, they are not suitable for
long-term use.
2. Fu Zz* (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli
Praeparata) may be replaced by Fu Pen Zi
(Fructus Rubi Chingii) 10g.
Alternative formula : Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang (Pubes-
cent Angelica Root and Mistletoe Decoction) .
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Dissipate Cold and benefit the movement of
Dampness, warm the channels and free the network
vessels .
Points: BL-32 Ciliao, GV2 Yaoshu, BLAO Weizhong,
and BL-60 Kunlun .
Technique: Apply the reducing method and retain
the needles for 20-30 minutes . Moxibustion and
fire-cupping may also be applied .
Explanation
BL-32 Ciliao supplements the Kidneys and re-
plenishes the Essence.
• GV 2 Yaoshu invigorates the Blood and frees
the network vessels to alleviate pain .
• BL-40 Weizhong and BL-60 Kunlun move Qi
and invigorate the Blood, and free the network
vessels to alleviate pain .
• Moxibustion and cupping therapy dissipate
Cold and eliminate Dampness.

Main symptoms and signs
Pain in the lower back and hip as if the region was
being pulled in different directions, with a sensation
of heat at the site of the pain ; pain is exacerbated
on exposure to heat and relieved by cold; other
signs include thirst with no desire for drinks, yellow
or reddish urine, or generalized afternoon fever.
The tongue body is red with a yellow and greasy
coating; the pulse is soggy and rapid or wiry and
rapid .
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and benefit the movement of Dampness,
soothe the sinews and invigorate the network ves-
sels .
Prescription
JIA WEI ER MIAO SAN JIA JIAN
Augmented Mysterious Two Powder, with modifi-
cations
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 15g
Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis) 15g
Xu ChangQing (Radix Cynanchi Paniculati) 1 Og
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 20g
Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) 15g
Gui Ban* (Plastrum Testudinis) 15g
Tu Fu Ling (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae) 30g
Mu Gua (Fructus Chaenomelis) 20g
Explanation
• Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) and Cang Zhu
(Rhizoma Atractylodis) open with acridity and
bear downward with bitterness to clear Heat
and transform Dampness.
• Xu Chang Qing (Radix Cynanchi Paniculati)
benefits the movement of Dampness and in-
vigorates the network vessels to promote the
smooth flow of Qi.
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Niu Xi
(Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) nourish and
invigorate the Blood and guide the other ingre-
dients downward directly to the site of the
disease.
Gui Ban* (Plastrum Testudinis) supplements the
Kidneys and enriches Yin to prevent bitterness
and dryness from damaging Yin, thus allowing
Damp-Heat to be eliminated without damaging
Yin.
• Tu Fu Ling (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae) and Mu
Gua (Fructus Chaenomelis) percolate Damp-
ness and soothe the sinews .
Alternative formula: Er Zhi Wan (Double Su-
preme Pill) .
Note : Since materia medica for drying Dampness
with coldness and bitterness are liable to harm the
Stomach and damage Yin, they are not suitable for
long-term use .
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and benefit the movement of Dampness,
soothe the sinews and invigorate the network ves-
sels.
Points: BL-31 to BL-34 Baliao, ST 40 Fenglong
and BL-40 Weizhong.
Technique : Apply the reducing method and retain
the needles for 20-30 minutes .
Explanation
BL-31 to BL-34 Baliao supplement the Kidneys
and enrich Yin .
• ST-40 Fenglong and BL-40 Weizhong enrich
Yin and drain Fire, move Qi and bear counter-
flow downward .
BLOOD STASIS
Main symptoms and signs
Pain and tenderness in a fixed location in the lower
back, or pain, distension and discomfort, or a
stabbing pain similar to being pricked by a needle,
with the pain worsening at night, or persistent pain,
which prevents the patient from turning to the side
in severe cases ; accompanied by a pallid facial
complexion and dull-colored lips, a dull-blue

tongue body or a tongue with stasis marks, and a
wiry and rough or thready and rapid pulse .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Invigorate the Blood and transform Blood stasis,
move Qi and alleviate pain .
Prescription
SHEN TONG ZHU YU TANG JIA JIAN
Decoction for Expelling Blood Stasis Causing
Generalized Pain, with modifications
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 15g
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 15g
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae) 15g
Hong Hua (Floc Carthami Tinctorii) 15g
Mo Yao (Myrrha) 15g
Di Lone (Lumbricus) 1 Og
Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi) 1 Og
Dampness,
Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) 1 Og
work ves-
Gou Ji (Rhizoma Cibotii Barometz) 20g
Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) 20g
Fenglong Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g
Xu Duan (Radix Dipsaci) 15g
and retain
Explanation
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Chuan
Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong), Tao Ken
(Semen Persicae), Hong Hua (Flos Carthami
e Kidneys Tinctorii), and Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi)
invigorate the Blood and transform Blood stasis
ng enrich to dredge the channels and network vessels ;
r counter- combining these ingredients with Mo Yao (Myr-
rha) and Di Lone (Lumbricus) transforms
Blood stasis and disperses swelling .
• Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi) regulates
Qi and alleviates pain to enhance the effect in
invigorating the Blood and transforming Blood
the lower stasis .
ort, or a
• Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae)
a needle, strengthens the lower back and Kidneys, in-
>tent pain, vigorates the Blood and transforms Blood stasis,
o the side and guides the other ingredients downward di-
lid facial rectly to the site of the disease.
dull-blue Gou Ji (Rhizoma Cibotii Barometz), Bu Gu Zhi
PAIN 235
(Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) and Xu Duan
(Radix Dipsaci) supplement the Kidneys and
strengthen the lower back .
Alternative formula : Da Huang Zhe Chong Wan
(Rhubarb and Wingless Cockroach Pill) .
Note : Since materia medica for invigorating the
Blood are liable to cause bleeding, they must be
used with caution for tumor patients who hemor-
rhage easily.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Invigorate the Blood and transform Blood stasis,
move Qi and alleviate pain .
Points: BL-31 to BL-34 Baliao, BL-40 Weizhong,
LI-4 Hegu, BL-23 Shenshu, and GV 3 Yaoyangguan .
Technique : Apply the reducing method and retain
the needles for 20-30 minutes .
Explanation
• BL-31 to BL-34 Baliao free the network vessels
to alleviate pain.
• BL-40 Weizhong invigorates the Blood and
frees the network vessels.
• LI-4 Hegu, BL-23 Shenshu and GV 3 Yao-
yangguan move Qi and bear counterflow
downward, and invigorate the network vessels
to alleviate pain .
KIDNEY DEFICIENCY
Main symptoms and signs
Limpness and aching in the lower back responding
to pressure and rubbing, lack of strength in the legs
and knees, exacerbated on exertion and relieved by
lying down.
• Predominance of Yang Deficiency is character-
ized by hypertonicity in the lower abdomen, cold
hands and feet, shortness of breath, and fatigue .
The tongue body is pale with a scant coating ; the
pulse is deep and thready .
• Predominance of Yin Deficiency manifests as
irritability, insomnia, dry mouth and throat, tidal

236 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
reddening of the face, and a sensation of heat in
the palms and soles . The tongue body is red with a
scant coating ; the pulse is wiry, thready and rapid .
HERBAL MEDICINE
PREDOMINANCE OF YANG DEFICIENCY
Treatment principle
Warm and supplement Kidney Yang .
Prescription
YOU GUI WAN JIA JIAN
Restoring the Right [Kidney Yang] Pill, with modi-
fications
Shu Di Huang (Radix, Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con
quita) 20g
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 15g
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corm' Officinalis) 159 '
GonQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis) 15g
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 20g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 15g
Explanation
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita), Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Op-
positae), Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Offici-
nalis), and Gou Oi Zi (Fructus Lycii) cultivate
and supplement the Kidney channel and are
used for seeking Yang within Yin .
• Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis) strengthens
the lower back and augments the Essence.
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae upplements and
boosts the Liver and Kidneys .
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis supple-
ments and moves the Blood .
This combination has the function of warming
the Kidneys and strengthening the lower back.
Alternative formula : Oing E Wan ng Maid
Pill) .
PREDOMINANCE OF YIN DEFICIENCY
Treatment principle
Enrich and supplement the Liver and Kidne s .
Prescription
ZUO GUI WAN JIA JIAN
Restoring the Left [Kidney Yin] Pill, with modifica-
tions
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-:
quita) 15g
GonQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 20g
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) 15g
Gui Ban* (Plastrum Testudinis) 15g
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 15g
Lu Jiao Jiao4 (Gelatinum Cornu Cervi) 15g, melted in
the strained decoction
Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) 15g
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 1 Og
Explanation
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita), Gou Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii), Shan Zhu
Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis), and Gui Ban*
(Plastrum Testudinis) replenish and supplement
Kidney Yin.
Combining these ingredients with Tu Si Zi
(Semen Cuscutae), Lu Jiao Jiao (Gelatinum
Cornu Cervi) and Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis
Bidentatae) warms the Kidneys and strengthens
the lower back .
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) clears
Deficiency-Heat.
• As soon as the Kidneys are enriched and nour-
ished, pain due to Deficiency can be eliminated .
Alternative formulae: Da Bu Yin Wan (Ma)or Yin
Supplementation Pill) .
ACUPUNC 1 URE
Treatment principle
Supplement the Kidneys and augment
Points : BL-23 Shenshu, GV 4 Mingmen, BL-52
Zhishi, and KI-3 Taixi .

Technique : Apply the reinforcing method and re-
tain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
Explanation
• BL-23 Shenshu and GV 4 Mingmen regulate
and supplement Kidney Qi .
BL-52 Zhishi frees the network vessels to alle-
viate pain .
KI-3 Taixi, the yuan (source) point of the Kid-
ney channel, supplements the Kidneys to treat
Zang diseases.
BRACHIAL PLEXUS NEURALGIA
In cancer patients, this condition is often caused by
primary or metastatic tumor in the upper part of
the lung invading and destroying the brachial plexus,
or by breast or esophageal cancer or cervical lym-
phoma.
ACUPUNCTURE
Acupuncture treatment is the first choice as it has
proven to be effective . Internal treatment can be
used as a supplementary measure .
Treatment principle
Nourish the Blood, dispel Wind, harmonize the
network vessels, and supplement and boost the
Liver and Kidneys.
Points: BL-10 Tianzhu, GV 14 Dazhui, BL-11
Dazhu, SI-13 Quyuan, LI-15 Jianyu, LI-11 Quchi,
TB-5 Waiguan, SI-3 Houxi, LR-8 Ququan, and KI-3
Taixi .
Technique : Apply the reinforcing method at LR-8
Ququan and KI-3 Taixi and the even method at the
other points . Insert the needle perpendicularly at
GV 14 Dazhui to a depth of 1-2 can with the tip of
the needle directed slightly obliquely inferiorly to
enhance stimula tion and achieve a better
pain-alleviation effect. Retain the needles for 20-30
PAIN 237
minutes . Apply moxibustion at all the points except
for GV 14 Dazhui, BL-11 Dazhu and LI-15 Jianyu,
where cupping is applied .
PAIN AFTER AMPUTATIO N
Phantom limb pain
After amputation of a limb, for example in surgery
for osteosarcoma, some patients experience a sensa-
tion that the absent limb is still present ; there may
also be paresthesia, transient aching, and intermit-
tent or continuous pain perceived as originating
from the amputated limb . Although surgical proce-
dures have improved and the affected arm or leg is
generally saved, there are occasions when amputa-
tion still occurs . Phantom limb pain is treated by
acupuncture .
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Dredge the Liver and regulate Qi, and free the net-
work vessels to alleviate pain .
Main points : LI-4 Hegu, LR-3 Taichong and SP-6
Sanyinjiao (all bilateral) .
Auxiliary points (on the side contralateral to the
amputated limb) :
• For amputation of the fingers, add the corre-
sponding jing (well) points - SI-1 Shaoze, TB-1
Guanchong, LI-1 Shangyang, HT-9 Shaochong,
LU-11 Shaoshang, or PC-9 Zhongchong.
• For amputation of the forearm, add TB-5 Wai-
guan and LI-10 Shousanli .
For amputation of the upper arm, add LI-15
Jianyu and LI-14 Binao .
• For amputation of the toes, add the -corre-
sponding jing (well) points - GB-44 Zuqiaoyin,
ST-45 Lidui, BL-67 Zhiyin, SP-1 Yinbai, LR-1
Dadun, or KI-1 Yongquan .

238 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
• For amputation below the knee joint, add GB-34 most frequently adopted, with materia medica for
Yanglingquan and GB-39 Xuanzhong . supplementing Qi and nourishing the Blood used
less often .
• For amputation below the hip joint, add ST-31
Biguan and ST 32 Futu . Dressings and vehicles
Technique : Apply the reducing method with
strong stimulation and large amplitude . Retain the
needles for 20-30 minutes.
to pain originating from the end
with local hyperesthesia.
Stump pain is also treated by acupuncture .
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Regulate and harmonize Qi and Blood .
Technique : Insert the needles deeply into local
points (the relevant .rhu, transport, points 2 can
above the stump) . If there is no transport point
available, select one local point on each of the six
channels (three Yin and three Yang channels) and
insert the needle obliquely upward (at an angle of
about 45 ° to the skin surface) . Do not apply
moxibustion for the first two months after amputa-
tion . If pain is still present after two months, both
acupuncture and moxibustion can be applied .
EXTERNAL APPLICATION
External application of Chinese materia medica
allows the medicinals to be absorbed rapidly
through the skin and act locally, thus avoiding the
much slower absorption in the gastrointestinal tract
as happens with oral administration. The rate of
absorption of Chinese materia medica through the
skin is determined by their physical and chemical
properties, the processing methods utilized, and the
vehicles employed . Most of the materia medica for
external application are aromatic, mobile herbs with
a strong nature and flavor, or minerals with a strong
penetrating action. Eliminating Dampness and dis-
pelling Cold, invigorating the Blood and trans-
forming Blood stasis are the treatment principles
Materia medica commonly used in preparing
dressings
Chuan Wu* (Radix Aconiti Carmichaeli)
Cao Wu* (Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii)
Xi Xin* (Herba cum Radice Asari)
Bing Pian (Borneum)
Bai Zhi (Radix Angelime Dahuricae)
Xue Jie (Resina Draconis)
Ru Xiang (Gummi Olibanum)
Mo Yao (Myrrha)
Tan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo)
Sheng Tian Nan Xing (Rhizoma Arisaematis Cruda)
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae)
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii)
Zhang Nao (Camphora)
A Wei (Asafoetida)
Ming Fant (Alumen)
Qing Dai (Indigo Naturalis)
Ding Xiang (Flos Caryophylli)
Chan Su4 (Venenum Bufonis)
Chuan Shan fiat (Squama Manitis Pentadactylae)
Ban Mao (Mylabris)
Wu Gongs (Scolopendra Subspinipes)
A variety of substances can be used as vehicles, in-
cluding water, vinegar, alcohol, bile, oils or fats,
honey, glycerin, Vaseline®, glycerogelatin, sodium
carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene, ethyl alcohol,
formaldehyde, and ethylaldehyde . Commonly used
skin-penetrating agents include laurocapram (Azone®),
propylene glycol, urea, and dimethyl sulfoxide .
Laurocapram is a frequent choice, since it is flavor-
less and non-toxic, and is easily dissolved and
quickly absorbed .
COMMONLY USED FORMULAE FOR
EXTERNAL APPLICATION
Personal experience
Indication : Mild to moderate pain, chest pain and

medica for patients with no history of using potent morphine
Mood used derivatives.
Prescription
QU TONG LING
Efficacious Remedy for Eliminating Pain 3
preparing
Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo)
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae)
Wu Yao (Radix Linderae Strychnifoliae)
Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis)
Tu Bie Cbongt (Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga)
Preparation: Decoct the ingredients in a propor-
tion of 4:4 :4 :4:1 until they take on a paste-like con-
sistency. Dissolve Xue Jie (Resina Draconis) and Bing
Pian (Borneolum) in alcohol and add the solution to
n) the paste in the proportion of 1 :10. Finally, add
.s Cruda) IOm1 of a vehicle, preservative and penetrating
agent to make a total concentration of about 1g/ml.
During application, clean the painful area, then
spread the paste in a layer about 1mm thick and
cover it with a plastic film to avoid contaminating
clothes or bedding. Change the dressing once a day.
To prevent or reduce allergic reaction (redness and
itching), add a small amount of cetirizine (Bena-
dryl'i) powder prior to application of the paste and
then cover with a piece of gauze, or reduce the
:tylae)
dosage of Tu Bie Chongt (Eupolyphaga seu Steleo-
phaga) to 1 :6 .
Commentary: We have used this preparation on
ehicles, in- a trial basis for many years at the Sino Japanese
Is or fats, Friendship Hospital in Beijing. Apart from its
n, sodium proven use in alleviating pain, it also softens hard-
yl alcohol, ness and disperses tumors . In the 1990s, out of 134
ionly used patients given this treatment, 41 (30 .6 percent) ex-
(Atone®), perienced complete relief, 63 (47 .0 percent) partial
sulfoxide. relief and 30 (22 .4 percent) no relief. Although at
t is flavor-. 79 .2 percent as opposed to 83.3 percent, it is slightly
)lved and less effective than Hydrochloride Bucinnazine
(bucinperazine), its effect lasts much longer; mean
duration of relief was 6 .42 hours against 4.81 hours.
OR This is an excellent preparation for mild to moder-
ate pain, chest pain and patients with no history of
using potent morphine derivatives ; however, it is
not very effective for pain occurring in bone metas-
tasis while radiotherapy is continuing.
pain and
PAIN 239
Other empirical formulae for external applica-
tion
1. Indication : Headache due to cerebral tumor.
Prescription
ZHI TONG TAI YANG DAN
Special Preparation for Alleviating Taiyang Pain 4
Preparation: Pound Cong Bai (Bulbul Allii Fistulosi)
with its root to a pulp and make into a small cake
with equal parts of finely powdered Tian Nan Xing
(Rhizoma Arisaematis) and Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma
Ligustici Chuanxiong) ; then apply to the temple .
The number of daily applications depends on the
severity of the pain, but should not exceed four
times a day.
2. Indication: Chest pain due to pleural effusion in
cancer patients.
Prescription
ZHI TONG XIAO SHUI FANG
Formula for Alleviating Pain and Dispersing Waters
Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) 40g
Ru Xiang (Gummi Olibanum) 20g
Mo Yao (Myrrha) 20g
Yuan Hua (F1os Daphnes Genkwa) 20g
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae) 20g
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 60g
Preparation : Decoct the ingredients in 500m1 of
water and concentrate down to about 1OOml . Add
5g of Bing Pian (Borneolum), dissolved in alcohol,
and apply to the affected area, the number of times
a day depending on the severity of the pain .
3. Indication : Pain due to esophageal or stomach
cancer.
Preparation: Dissolve Bing Pian (Borneolum) 45g
in 500ml of 95% alcohol, then add Peng Shat (Borax)
10g and Ku Fanl (Alumen Praeparatum) 15g; mix
well and let the solution stand for as long as possi-
ble. Rub the painful area with the solution several
times a day depending on the severity of the pain. 6
4. Indication : Pain in liver, bile duct and pancreatic
cancers.

240 NAGEMENT OF C ; ANCa ;R
Prescription
JIA WEI LEI JI
Augmented Struck by l .igl thing Liquid-
Lei Gong Teng Gee !'i Radicis Tripter5Igii
Wilfordi) 90g
Bai fie Zi (Semen Sin .ihis :vil)ac) 30g
Charan .Shirr J« ! (S(Jo n r i i1i a ni ti s Pentadactylae) 30g
DaHuang (Radix ct Rhizonma Rhei) 30g
Roes Gui (Cortex ( : inn ;mu>nii Cassiae) 30g
V1/1 rgg Zb1 (I .xrrenicnt- un? Trogopteri) 20g
Zao fiao (,i (Sl~ina < ilcditsiac Sinensis) 20g
Preparation : -,,al, the ingredients in 2 liters of
acetone for seven dais and discard the residue . Add
90g of , ( ii i ; ( ,s : f :rich) and discard the residue
again when ' it is completely dissolved . Then add
Chars Sri% (Vcncnuni Rufonis) 10g and nitrocellulose
resin 10011 until tllc resin has dissolved completely.
Spread ~>ile ('=r fvv~' l •s
~ yers
" of the solution over the
affected arci 'a itli cotton swabs ; the solution will
dry within 2-5 minutes to form a film; remove the
film before the next application . Apply three times a
day, or whenever the pain occurs .
5 . Indication : Intense pain in the upper limbs due
to involve mci1t of the brachial plexus .
Prescription
RU MO ZH . TONG DING
Frank nce use and Myrrh Tincture for Alleviating
Pains
R,Jr Z7dvrg (( ;U ini Olibanuin)
1,10 0
Song ~ .rir:r; : ()Zesin .; l'ini) l5g
Xuue fie wino l~r,icimis) 5g
BingPian orneolutn) 3g
Preparation: Grind the ingredients into a fine
powder and immerse in alcohol ; then apply to the
affected area, the number of times a day depending
on the severity of the pain .
Precautions for dressings
• Do not apply to ulcerated areas to avoid causing
pain . Avoid areas vulnerable to ulceration to
prevent cancerous ulcers.
• Some materia medico can educe cutaneous al-
lergic reaction (redness, itchy rash or swelling) .
U it Mei (Fructus Pruni Mume) and Cao iih1*
(Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffu) can cause ulcera-
tion ; Ban Moot Qelvlabris) and Xi Vin* (Herba
cum Radice Asari) can irritate the skin and
produce blisters .
• Avoid external application of materia medica to
sites where tumors have hemorrhaged . Using
large dosages of Tao Ken (Semen Persicae), Hong
Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) or other materia
medica for invigorating the Blood in the liver
area can increase the chances of rupture and
hemorrhage in liver cancer .
• Where large amounts of materia medica for in-
vigorating the Blood are applied externally ; they
may disturb blood coagulation and aggravate
hemoptysis, hematochezia, or hemorrhage from
the lower esophageal vein . Therefore bleeding
time and blood coagulation time should be ob-
served carefully.
• Since the amount of the preparation absorbed
into the body is difficult to control, the area of
application should not be too extensive. Sys-
temic toxic reactions may occur when large
dosages of the following materia medica are
incorporated in the prescription :
S'heng Tion Non X rrg (Rhizoma Arisaematis
Cruda)
.berg Cao ld', (Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffi Cruda)
(Herba cure Radice Asari)
1>eiz~ Barn via (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Cruda)
Ban Mao,, (Mylabris)
Inhalation
inhalation is another method of external applica-
tion . The materia medica can be burned to produce
smoke or boiled to allow the vapor to be inhaled .
This type of application is mainly suitable for dis-
orders of the head, neck or Upper Burner.
Empirical formula
Indication : headache due to cerebral tumors .
Prescription
BING ER TANG
Borneol and Cocklebur Decoction"
 PAIN 241

swelling) . Bing Pian (Borneolum) 20g Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) 80g
CaO WIu* Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 20g
Xi Xin* (Herba cum Radice Asari) 9g Preparation: Soak the ingredients in 1000ml of
ise ulcera- water for 30 minutes, then decoct over a strong heat
,n* (Herba Bai Zhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae) 12g
Chao Cang Er Zi (Fructus Xanthii Sibirici, stir-fried) for 10 minutes. Filter the liquid and put into two
skin and
60g small cups. Place the cups on either side of the
me(fica to Yuan Zhi (Radix Polygalae) 60g recumbent patient's head to allow the vapor to be
;ed. Using Shi Chang Pu (Rhizoma Acori Graminei) 60g inhaled into the nose naturally, or use an aerosol in-
icae), Hong Tian Nan Xing (Rhizoma Arisaematis) 80g halation apparatus .
er materia
i the liver
.pture and

Lica for in-

.-nally, they
aggravate
hage from
bleeding
ald be ob-

absorbed
ae area of
isive . Sys-
hen large
iedica are

,risaematis

iii Cruda)

ae Cruda)

d applica-
D produce

e inhaled.
le for dis-

ors .
Fever is a common systemic symptom in patients with malignant tumors . In the clinic,
40-50 percent of fever accompanying malignant tumors is caused by infection (usually
secondary bacterial or viral infection), although another 40 percent is directly related to the
effects of the cancer itself .
Malignant tumors tend to grow rapidly to cause comparative ischemia and hypoxia of
tumor tissue, resulting in tissue necrosis . In addition, white blood cell infiltration in the
tumor gives rise to an inflammatory reaction causing low-grade fever, and malignant tumor
cells disclose antigenic material to result in an immunologic reaction to cause fever .
Different types of malignant tumors may produce various fever-inducing substances ; for
instance, carcinoids secrete serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), pheochromocytomas release
excessive amounts of catecholamines, serum a-fetoprotein may be raised in hepatocellular
carcinomas, and tumor cells in many other types of cancer secrete ectopic hormones .
Certain chemical drugs such as dacarbazine (Deticenell), etoposide and L-asparaginase,
anti-cancer antibiotics such as mitomycin and bleomycin, drugs for regulating biological
reactions such as interleukin-2 and interferons, and drugs used for gene therapy such as
gene recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rhTNF-NC) can also induce fever .
Regardless of whether the fever is caused by infection, the tumor itself or the therapies
used to treat the tumor, it will exacerbate the condition of the disease and make the patient
suffer even more . It should therefore be treated effectively and promptly .

Etiology and pathology

In Chinese medicine, fever in cancer patients belongs to patterns of fever due to internal
damage . It is caused by Deficiency of and damage to the Zang-Fu organs, Qi and Blood,
or Yin-Yang disharmony . The main clinical manifestation is intermittent low-grade fever
(or, in a few cases, high fever), which may occur at a fixed time . Some patients feel feverish
or experience a sensation of heat in the chest, palms and soles, but there is actually no in-
crease in body temperature .

Fever due to Yin Deficiency

Tumors at the late stage of cancers such as lung and liver cancer will cause constitu-
tional Deficiency due to enduring illness ; this can transform into Heat and damage
Yin . When Yin is Deficient, it cannot control Yang, resulting in internal generation
of Deficiency-Fire . TCM also considers irradiation to be a type of pathogenic Heat Toxin
that can easily damage Yin, consume Qi and scorch Body Fluids, often leading to damage

244 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
to Lung, Stomach and Kidney Yin . When Yin is
Deficient, fever will occur .
Depletion and deficiency of Qi and Blood
Malignant tumors, for example in stomach or eso-
phageal cancer, can lead to Deficiency and debilita-
tion of the Spleen and Stomach, and failure of the
transportation and transformation function . Insuf-
ficiency of Original Qi (Yuan Qi) and lack of the
source for generation and transformation of Qi
Blood will result in Deficiency and depletion o
and Blood and Qi fall in the Middle Burner, th
fever then developing.
Accumulation and steaming of Damp-Heat
Late-stage liver, bile duct and pancreatic cancer can
inhibit dredging and drainage of the Liver and
Gallbladder. Damp and Heat react with one another
to steam in the Liver and Gallbladder, and since
they cannot be drained, this results in fever. Alter-
natively, the tumor mass obstructs and stagnates in
the Triple Burner, leading to non-transformation of
water and Dampness, which when retained trans-
form into Heat.
Internal obstruction of Blood stasis
Accumulation of the tumor mass in the interior
obstructs the flow of Qi and Blood . When Yang is
retained in the interior, fever occurs .
Y g Qi Deficiency
During the late stage of cancer, both Yin and Y g
are depleted and exhausted . Deficient Yin repels
Yang, and deficient Yang goes astray; leading to fever.
Pattern identification and
treatment principles
Proper treatment of fever complications in cancer
depends on correct identification of patterns . Dif-
ferentiating the state of Qi, Blood, Yin and Yang
allows identification of the patterns discussed be-
low
FEVER DUE TO YIN DEFICIENCY
Main symptoms and signs
Tidal fever in the afternoon or at night, a sensation
of heat in the palms and soles, irritability, palpita-
tions, insomnia, profuse dreaming, night sweating,
emaciation, dry mouth and throat, constipation, and
scant reddish urine . The tongue body is red and dry
with a scant coating or no coating; the pulse is
thready and rapid . This pattern is seen more often
in late-stage lung or liver cancer or after radiother-
apy:
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Enrich Yin and clear Heat.
SLIGHT FEVER
Prescription
QING GU SAN JIA IAN
Bone-Clearing Powder, with modifications
Yin Chai Hu (Radix Stellariae Dichotomae) I Og
Hu Huang Lian (Rhizoma Picrorhizae Scrophulari-
iflorae) 1Og
Qin Jiao (Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae) 1 Og
Gui Ban* (Plastrum Testudinis) 30g, decocted for 30
minutes before adding the other ingredients
Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis) 15g
Qing Hao (Herba Artemisiae Chinghao) lOg
Zhi Mu (Rhizon a Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) 1 Og
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Explanation
• Yin Chai Hu (Radix Stellariae Dichotomae), Zhi
Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis),
Hu Huang Iran (Rhizoma Picrorhizae
Scrophulariiflorae), Di Gu Pi Cortex Lycii
Radicis), Qing Hao (Herba Artemisiae Chinghao)
and Qin Jiao (Radix Gentianae Macrophylla
clear and reduce Deficiency-Heat .
Gui Ban* (Plastrum Testudinis) enriches Yin and
subdues Yang.
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) regulates and
monizes the properties of the other ingredients .


FEVER 245

Y MODERATE FEVER Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) 1 Og

Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) I Og
Prescription Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
i sensation QING HAO BIE JIA SAN HE QIN JIAO BIE
quita) log
ty, palpita- JIA SAN JIA JIAN
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) log
sweating, Sweet Wormwood and Turtle Shell Powder Com-
>ation, and bined With Large Gentian and Turtle Shell Powder, Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 30g
-d and dry with modifications Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 15g
e pulse is Fu l ing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
lore often Qing Hao (Herba Artemisiae Chinghao) I Og Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) I Og
radiother- Gui Ban* (Plastrum Testudinis) 30g, decocted for 30 Gui Ban* (Plastrum Testudinis) 30g, decocted for 30
minutes before adding the other ingredients minutes before adding the other ingredients
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) 1 Og Explanation
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) I Og • Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) and
Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis) 1 Og
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) en-
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) I Og
rich and supplement Kidney Yin to treat the
Qin Jiao (Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae) I Og
Root.
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) I Og
• Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis), Fu Ling
(Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) and Ze Xie (Rhizoma
Explanation
Alismatis Orientalis) percolate Dampness and
• Qing Hao (Herba Artemisiae Chinghao) aro-
drain Fire to treat the Manifestations .
matically vents the network vessels to guide
• Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) and Zhi Mu
) log pathogenic Heat out of the Shaoyang channel .
(Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) clear
rophulari- • Gui Ban* (Plastrum Testudinis) enriches Yin and
Heat and bear Fire downward .
abates fever.
• Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) • Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Og Conquita) and Gui Ban* (Plastrum Testudinis)
and Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) culti-
ted for 30 enrich and greatly supplement true Yin, and
is vate the Root to treat depletion and Deficiency
by clearing Heat, enriching Yin, and nourishing strengthen Water to restrain Fire, thereby
and harmonizing the Blood . cultivating the Root .
g
oidis) 1Og Qin Jiao (Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae) dispels Notes :
Wind and clears Heat .
1 . Many of the materia medica used for the main
• Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis) and Chai Hu
treatment principle of enriching Yin and clear-
(Radix Bupleuri) clear Deficiency-Heat .
ing Heat are greasy, cloying, cool or cold .
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
mae), Zhi Therefore, it may be necessary to modify the
and Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) clear
)deloidis), prescriptions by incorporating materia medica
Heat and cool the Blood .
icrorhizae for moving Qi and protecting the Stomach,
tex Lycii such as Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae)
-hinghao), HIGH FEVER
15g, Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) 15g and Shen
rophyllae) Prescription Qu (Massa Fermentata) 20g .
ZHI BAI DI HUANG WAN HE DA BU YIN 2. In addition, the principles of nourishing Yin
s Yin and WAN JIA JIAN and augmenting Qi, generating Body Fluids and
Anemarrhena, Phellodendron and Rehmannia moistening Dryness, and regulating the Spleen
and har- Pill Combined With Major Yin Supplementa- and Stomach should be taken into consideration
edients . tion Pill, with modifications through the addition of materia medica such as

246 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae)
15g, Mx Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonica)
20g and FuLing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Enrich Yin and clear Heat, quiet the Heart and
Spirit.
Points: GV-14 Dazhui, SI-3 Houxi, HT -6 Yinxi,
KI-3 Taixi, SP-6 Sanyinjiao, PC-6 Neiguan, KI-7
Fuliu, BL-15 Xinshu, and BL-17 Geshu .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the
even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
Explanation
• GV-14 Dazhui clears Deficiency-Heat and
Excess-Heat and is an important point for re-
ducing generalized fever. Combining GV 14
Dazhui with SI-3 Houxi and HT-6 Yinxi en-
hances the effect in clearing Deficiency-Heat .
• KI-3 Taixi, SP-6 Sanyinjiao and KI-7 Fuliu en-
rich and supplement Spleen and Kidney Yin to
enrich Yin and clear Heat .
• BL-15 Xinshu, BL-17 Geshu and PC-6 Neiguan
quiet the Heart and Spirit to treat palpitations
and insomnia.
FEVER DUE TO BLOOD DEFICIENCY
Main symptoms and signs
A sensation of heat in the chest, palms and soles,
fever of varying intensity exacerbated by irritability
and exertion,, a lusterless facial complexion with
tidal reddening during bouts of fever, pale nails,
mental and physical fatigue, reduced appetite, little
desire to speak, palpitations, and dizziness and
blurred vision . The tongue body is pale with a thin
white coating, the pulse is thready and weak, or de-
ficient and forceless . This pattern can be seen in all
types of cancer at the intermediate and late stages .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Nourish the Blood and clear Heat .
Prescription
GUI PI TANG
Spleen-Returning Decoction
Ben Shen (Radix Ginseng) 10g, decocted separately
for at least 60 minutes and added to the prepared
decoction
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Fu Shen (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos cum Ligno Hos-
pite) 15g
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) 10g
Long Yan Rou (Arillus Euphoriae Longanae) 15g
Suan Zao Ren (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae) 30g
Yuan Zhi (Radix Polygalae) 3g
Mu Xiang' (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 6g
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
6g
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 15g
Explanation
• Ben Shen (Radix Ginseng), HuangQi (Radix As
tragali seu Hedysari), Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atrac-
tylodis Macrocephalae), Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi
Jujubae), and Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae,
mix-fried) augment Qi and fortify the Spleen .
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sibensis) and Long
Yan Rou (Arillus Euphoriae Longanae) supple-
ment and nourish the Blood .
Suan Zao Ken (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae), Yuan
Zhi (Radix Polygalae) and Fu Shen (Sclerotium
Poriae Cocos cum Ligno Hospite) nourish the
Heart and calm the Spirit.
Mu Xiang (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) and Sheng
Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Offncinalis Recens)
fortify the Spleen and regulate Qi in order to
supplement without causing stagnation .
This combination achieves the effect of clearing
Heat by supplementing and boosting the Heart
and Spleen, augmenting Qi and generating
Blood.


FEVER 247

ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Slight fever Nourish the Blood and clear Heat.
Prescription Points: BL-20 Pishu, LR-13 Zhangmen, ST-36
SI WU TANG
Zusanli, BL-17 Geshu, BL-43 Gaohuang, SP-6
Four Agents Decoction
Sanyinjiao, and SP-10 Xuehai.
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) I Og
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con- Technique: Use filiform needles and apply the
quita) 10g even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 3g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g Explanation
• Combining BL-20 Pishu and LR-13 Zhangmen,
the back-shu and front-mu points related to the
~) 15g Spleen, with SP-6 Sanyinjiao and ST-36 Zusanli
Prescription
g DANG GUI BU XUE TANG fortifies the Spleen and augments Qi to enrich
Chinese Angelica Root Decoction for Supplement- the source of generation and transformation of
ing the Blood Qi and Blood .
is Recens) BL-17 Geshu, the hui (meeting) point of the
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g Blood, and SP-10 Xuehai nourish the Blood to
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
clear Heat.
BL-43 Gaohuang, an important point for treat-
High fever ing damage due to Deficiency taxation, supple-
Radix As- Prescription ments and nourishes the Blood.
na Atrac- SHENG YU TANG
us Zi7iphi Sagely Cure Decoction FEVER DUE TO QI DEFICIENCY
,cyrrhizae, HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g Main symptoms and signs
Spleen. Rear Shen (Radix Ginseng) 10g, decocted separately Fever varying from mild to severe, often in the
and Long for at least 60 minutes and added to the prepared
form of tidal fever in the morning abating in the
:) supple- decoction
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og afternoon, fever relieved by warmth and exacer-
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con- bated by exertion, spontaneous sweating, mental fa-
;ae), Yuan tigue, shortness of breath and little desire to speak,
quita) lOg
clerotium Bai Sbao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g dizziness and lack of strength, somnolence, a pallid
)urish the Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 6g facial complexion, reduced food intake, and loose
stools . The tongue body is pale with a thin white
and Sheng Note : These formulae are based on materia medica
coating, the pulse is deficient and weak . This pat-
for augmenting Qi and supplementing the Blood .
Recens) tern can be seen in all types of cancer in the inter-
Other materia medica for enriching Yin and nour-
order to mediate and late stages .
ishing the Blood, such as Sheng Di Huang (Radix
Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 10g, Gou Qi Zi (Fructus
f clearing Lycii) 1 Og, Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 1 Og, HERBAL MEDICINE
the Heart and Han Lian Cao (Herba Ecliptae Prostratae) 10g
enerating can be added to enhance the effect of nourishing Treatment principle
the Blood and clearing Heat . Augment Qi and clear Heat.
248 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Prescription
BU ZHONG YI QI TANG
Decoction for Supplementing the Middle Burner
and Augmenting Qi
Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) 10g, decocted separately
for at least 60 minutes and added to the prepared
decoction
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g
ShengMa (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) 6g
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 6g
Explanation
Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng), HuangQi (Radix As
tragali seu Hedysari), Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atrac-
tylodis Macrocephalae), and Gan Cao (Radix
Glycyrrhizae) eliminate Heat with warmth and
sweetness, augment Qi and fortify the Spleen .
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) nourishes
and invigorates the Blood .
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae) regulates
Qi and harmonizes the Stomach .
Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) and Chai Hu
(Radix Bupleuri) uplift clear Yang and vent
pathogenic Heat.
. This combination uplifts Spleen and Stomach
Yang and eliminates Heat with warmth and
sweetness .
Modifications
1 . For Qi deficiency and spontaneous sweating,
add Mu Lit (Concha Ostreae) 30g and Fu Xiao
Alai (Fructus Tritici Aestivi Levis) 60g to
consolidate the exterior and stop sweating.
2. For oppression in the chest and focal distension
in the stomach, add Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atrac
tylodis) 10g, Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Offici-
nails) 10g and Huo Xiang (Herba Agastaches seu
Pogostemi) l Og to fortify the Spleen and dry
Dampness .
Alternative formulae
Slight fever
Prescription
SI JUN ZI TANG
Four Gentlemen Decoction
Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) 10g, decocted separately
for at least 60 minutes and added to the prepared
decoction
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) is suit-
able for fortifying the Spleen and augmenting Qi in
cases of slight fever . When Spleen Qi is sufficient,
internal Heat will be dispelled spontaneously .
Moderate fever
Prescription
QI XU CHAI HU TANG
Qi Deficiency Bupleurum Decoction
Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) 10g, decocted separately
for at least 60 minutes and added to the prepared .
decoction
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) 10g
Chai Hit Radi(x Bupleuri) 10g
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 10g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g
Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis) 15g
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and clear Heat.
Points : ST-36 Zusanli, CV-4 Guanvuan, CV-6 Qihai,
BL-20 Pishu, BL-23 Shenshu, CV 17 Danzhong,
BL-43 Gaohuang, and GV 14 Dazhui .
Technique: Use filiform needles and apply the
even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .

Moxibustion can also be applied at CV-4 Guanyuan
and ST-36 Zusanli.
Explanation
GV 14 Dazhui rouses Yang Qi to clear De-
ficiency-Heat.
Combining CV 17 Danzhong, the hui (meetin
point of Qi, with CV-6 Qihai regulates and
supplements Qi .
BL-20 Pishu and ST 36 Zusanli fortify the
Spleen and supplement Qi .
BL-23 Shenshu and CV -4 Guanyuan cultivate
and supplement Original Qi (Yuan Qi) and
promote mutual generation of prenatal and
postnatal Qi (Earlier Heaven and Later Heaven
Qt) .
BL-43 Gaohuang, an important point for treat-
ing damage due to Deficiency taxation, supple-
ments and augments Qi .
ACCUMULATION AND STEAMING OF
DAMP-HEAT
Main symptoms and signs
Low-grade fever and sweating in the afternoon, ir-
ritability, irascibility, frequent sighing, dry mouth
with no desire for drinks, yellowing of the skin and
eyes (jaundice), dull pain in the hypochondrium,
abdominal distension and fullness, nausea, reduced
food intake, dry stool, and reddish urine . The
tongue body is dark red with a thin, yellow and
greasy coating or a scant coating; the pulse is wiry
and slippery, or slippery and rapid . This pattern can
be seen in primary cancers of the liver, bile duct
and pancreas, and in cancers metastasizing to the
liver.
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and benefit the movement of Damp-
X-6 Qihai, ness.
)anzhong,
Prescription
JIA WEI XIAO YAO SAN HE YIN CHEN
HAO TANG JIA JIAN
Augmented Free Wanderer Powder Combined With
Oriental Wormwood Decoction, with modifications
FEVER 249
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 1 Og
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 1 Og
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) I0g, added 10
minutes before the end of the decoction process
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 1 Og
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 10g
Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae) 6g
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 1 Og
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 1 Og
Yin Chen Hao (Herbs Artemisiae Scopariae) 30g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 10g
Explanation
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis), Zhi Zi
(Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis), Da Huang
(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), Huang Qin (Radix
Scutellariae Baicalensis), and Long Dan Cao
(Radix Gentianae Scabrae) clear Heat and cool
the Blood .
Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae) and
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
clear Heat and eliminate Dampness .
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) harmo-
nizes the Middle Burner and relaxes tension .
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) fortifies the
Spleen and benefits the movement of Damp-
ness .
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) dredges the Liver and
benefits the Gallbladder.
Modifications
1 . For severe fever, add Shi Gaol (Gypsum Fibro-
sum) 30g.
2. For inhibited urination, add Hua Shit (Talcum)
30g and Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Pa-
pyriferi) 6g to promote urination and free Lin
syndrome .
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and benefit the movement of Damp-
ness.
Points: BL-18 Ganshu, BL-20 Pishu, BL-19 Danshu,
BL-21 Weishu, SP-9 Yinlingquan, GB-40 Qiuxu,
TB-6 Zhigou, GV 12 Zhongwan, and PC-6 Neiguan .

250 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
ducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes .
Explanation
• BL-18 Ganshu, BL-19 Danshu, BL-20 Pishu,
and BL-21 Weishu regulate the functional ac-
tivities of Qi in the Spleen, Stomach, Liver, and
Gallbladder, and clear Heat and benefit the
movement of Dampness to abate jaundice .
SP-9 Yinlingquan is an important point for
benefiting the movement of Dampness
throughout the body.
TB-6 Zhigou re ates the functional activities
of Qi in the Triple Burner.
• Combining GV 12 Zhongwan, the hui (meeting)
point of the Fu organs, with PC-6 Neiguan
moves Qi, harmonizes the Stomach and loosens
the chest to disperse abdominal distension .
• GB-40 Qiuxu, the yuan (source) point of the
Gallbladder channel, clears Heat and benefits
the movement of Dampness in the Liver and
Gallbladder.
FEVER DUE TO YANG DEFICIENCY
Main symptoms and signs
Fever with a desire to add clothing or bedding, a red
facial complexion as though slightly drunk or slight
reddening of the cheeks with no fixed location, ac-
companied by a sensation of burning heat in the
head, face, chest and abdomen, irritability and rest-
lessness, aversion to wind and cold, thirst with a
desire for drinks but an inability to swallow, hot skin
which does not feel hot on palpation or may cause
fear of cold, mental and physical fatigue, and aching
in the lower back and knees . The tongue body is
pale and enlarged with tooth marks and a gray
moist coating; the pulse is deep and thready, or
floating, large and forceless . This pattern can be
seen in all types of cancer at the late stage .
HERBAL, MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Warm and supplement Yang Qi to return Fire to its
source .
Prescription
GUI FU BA WEI WAN
Cinnamon Bark and Aconite Eight-Ingredient Pill
Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae) 1Og
Fu Zi* (Radix Lateralis Carmichaeli Praeparata) 10g,
decocted for 30-60 minutes before adding the other
ingredients
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) lOg
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 30g
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) IOg
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 1 Og
Fu Zing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 1 Og
Explanation
• Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae) and Fu
Zi* (Radix Lateralis Carmichaeli Praeparata)
warm and supplement Yang Qi .
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) and Shu
Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) supplement and nourish the Liver and
Kidneys.
• Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) and
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) supplement
the Kidneys and fortify the Spleen .
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) and Mu
Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) clear and drain
the Liver and Kidneys .
Note : Fu Zi* (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli
Praeparata) may be replaced by Fu Pen Zi (Fructus
Rubi Chingii) 10g.
Alternative formulae
Slight fever
Prescription
BAO YUAN TANG
Origin-Preserving Decoction
Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) 10g, decocted separately
for at least 60 minutes and added to the prepared
decoction
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g


FEVER 251

Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) 3g, added 5 HERBAL MEDICINE

minutes before the end of the decoction process
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g Treatment principle
.dient Pill Invigorate the Blood and transform Blood stasis.
Dg Prescription
Darata) 10g, XUE FU ZHU YU TANG JIA JIAN
g the other Prescription
Decoction for Expelling Stasis from the House of
XIAO JIAN ZHONG TANG
Minor Decoction for Fortifying the Middle Burner Blood
losae Con-
Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae) IOg Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
e) 30g Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 10g Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Og Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with Tao Ren (Semen Persicae) 10g
honey) 6g Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) 1 Og
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) l Og
Recens) 3g Zbi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) I Og
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 15g Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Yi Tang (Saccharum Granorum) 1 Og Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 1 Og
ae) and Fu Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 6g
Notes : Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) 10g
Praeparata) 1. The materia medica in the prescriptions for this Chuan Niu Xi (Radix Cyathulae Officinalis) 15g
pattern are predominantly hot and are used to
is) and Shu treat Heat with heat by returning Fire to its
iosae Con source and warming Yang to abate fever. Explanation
Liver and 2. These materia medica are not recommended for • Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong),
use in Excess patterns of fever with symptoms Tao Ren (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae), Hong
ositae) and such as high temperature, irritability, thirst, pro- Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii), Chi Shao (Radix
upplement fuse sweating, and a surging and large pulse . Paeoniae Rubra), and Chuan Niu Xi (Radix Cy-
athulae Officinalis) invigorate the Blood and
s) and Mu dissipate Blood stasis.
ACUPUNCTURE
r and drain • Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Sheng
The selection of points is the same as for fever due Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) en-
to Qi Deficiency. Moxibustion should be applied to rich Yin and nourish the Blood .
;armichaeli the points after acupuncture to warm Yang and • Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) guides the
?i (Fructus abate fever. other ingredients upward .
• Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) and Chai Hu
INTERNAL OBSTRUCTION OF BLOOD (Radix Bupleuri) dredge the Liver and regulate
STASIS Qi.
• Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) harmonizes the
Main symptoms and signs
properties of the other ingredients .
Fever in the afternoon or at night, or a subjective
• Once the Blood stasis has been dispersed and
sensation of heat locally, dry mouth and throat with
no desire for drinks, pain or lumps at a fixed loca- eliminated, the fever will clear.
tion in the trunk or limbs, dry and squamous skin,
separately and a sallow yellow or dull black facial complexion . Modification
prepared The tongue body is dark purple, possibly with stasis For severe fever, add Bai Wei (Radix Cynanchi Atrati)
spots or marks ; the pulse is rough . This pattern is 10g and Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 10g to
5g seen in late-stage liver cancer. clear Heat and cool the Blood .

252 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Invigorate the Blood, transform Blood stasis and
clear Heat.
Points : GV 14 Dazhui, BL-17 Geshu, SP-6 Sanyin-
jiao, SP-10 Xuehai, BL-18 Ganshu, LI-4 Hegu, and
LR-3 Taichong.
Technique: Use filiform needles and apply the re-
ducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes.
Explanation
• GV 14 Dazhui is a very important point for
clearing Deficiency-Heat.
BL-17 Geshu, SP-6 Sanyinjiao and SP-10 Xue-
hai invigorate the Blood and transform Blood
stasis to clear Heat .
BL-18 Ganshu dredges the Liver and re ates
Qi.
• Applying the reducing method at LI-4 Hegu
and LR-3 Taichong, the si guan (four gates)
points, moves Qi and invigorates the Blood .
ADDITIONAL TREATMENT METHODS
Apart from the treatment based on pattern identifi-
cation discussed above, fever complications in can-
cer can also be treated according to the principle of
seeking the Root to treat the disease in order to
control. the primary focus . In most instances, the
Root and the Manifestations can be treated at the
same time. Within the overall strategy of pattern
identification, different materia medica with a
known cancer-inhibiting effect can be added to treat
different types of cancer :
For fever with cancer of the stomach and in-
testines, add Teng Li Gen (Radix Actinidiae
Chinensis) 10g, Hu Zhang (Radix et Rhizoma
Polygoni Cuspidati) lOg and She Mei (Herba
Duchesneae) 10g.
• For fever with liver cancer, add Teng Li Gen
(Radix Actinidiae Chinensis) 10g, Mao Zhao Cao
(Tuber Ranunculi Ternati) 10g, Long Kui (Herba So-
lani Nigri) 10g, and Chuan Shan fiat (Squama Manitis
Pentadactylae) 1Og.
• For fever with lung cancer, add Bai Ying (Herba
Solani Lyrati) 1 Og, Shan Hai Luo (Radix Codonopsi-
tis Lanceolatae) 1 Og and Zbe Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritil-
lariae Thunbergii) 10g.
• For fever with breast cancer, add Xia Ku Cao
(Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) 30g, Huang Qin (Radix
Scutellariae Baicalensis) 15g, Pu Gong Ying (Herba
Taraxaci cum Radice) 30g, and Bai Jiang Cao (Herba
Patriniae cum Radice) 30g.
• For lymphomas complicated by fever, add Xia
Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) 1 Og, Ju Ruo (Tuber
Amorphophalli) 30g and Bai Hua She She Cao
(Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 30g.
Most of these materia medica also have the func-
tions of clearing Heat, relieving Toxicity and dissi-
pating lumps, so that the Manifestations and the
Root (fever and tumor) can be treated simultane-
ously.
 jaundice

Jaundice is a common symptom with cancers of the digestive system. The incidence of
jaundice at the intermediate and late stages of carcinoma of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas
or duodenum can be as high as 60 percent ; jaundice can also occur as a postoperative com-
plication. The main features are yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes (sclera),
'ing (Herba and dark yellow urine. Generalized chemotherapy can also give rise to jaundice ; for
;odonopsi example, hypoxanthine (6-oxypurine) causes cholestasis, and cytarabine and large dosages
lbus Fritil- of dactinomycin damage the liver to result in jaundice .
Jaundice was recorded in books on Chinese medicine more than two thousand years ago .
;ia Ku Cao Su Wen: Ping RenQi Xiang L un [Plain Questions : On The Qi Status of Normal Individuals]
tin (Radix describes yellowing of the body and eyes as jaundice and Ling Shu: Lun Ji Zhen Chi [The
ing (Herba Miraculous Pivot : On Pulse Diagnosis] says : "When the body is painful, the face slightly
;ao (Herba yellow, the teeth a dirty yellow and the nails are covered in yellow, this is jaundice ."

r, add Xia
3uo (Tuber Etiology and pathology
She Cao
Jaundice is caused in most instances by Dampness . The Spleen, Stomach, Liver and Gall-
bladder are involved, with the Spleen and Stomach normally predominating . The Spleen
the func- governs transportation and transformation and is averse to Dampness . Dietary irregulari-
and dissi- ties, a predilection for alcohol and sweet or fatty food, or externally contracted Damp-Heat
s and the will damage the functions of the Spleen and Stomach . When the Spleen fails to transport
simultane- normally, Dampness will obstruct the Middle Burner and impair the upward-bearing and
downward-bearing functions of the Spleen and Stomach .
If Spleen Qi cannot bear upward, binding Depression of Liver Qi will result and the
Liver will be unable to carry out its dredging and drainage function . If Stomach Qi fails to
bear downward, the transportation and excretion of bile by the Gallbladder will not func-
tion normally. Obstruction of Dampness will then force the bile into the Blood, where it
will spill over to the skin and stain it yellow.
Yang jaundice often occurs in cases with exuberant Yang and severe Heat, and hyper-
activity of Stomach-Fire . Dampness is transformed from Heat drying Body Fluids to form
Damp-Heat. There are therefore sub-patterns of Dampness predominating over Heat and
Heat predominating over Dampness . When Damp-Heat accumulates and steams, it forces
bile to spill over to the skin and flesh, turning them yellow
If Damp-Heat is complicated by Toxins and Heat Toxins become exuberant, they will
enter the Ying and Xue levels and invade the Pericardium. The skin will become yellow
rapidly; this condition is known as acute jaundice.

254 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
In cases with Yin jaundice, Yin is exuberant and
Cold is severe . Dampness is transformed by Cold to
form Cold-Damp. Obstruction of Cold-Damp de-
vitalizes Spleen Yang and causes bile to overflow to
the exterior. In cases with persistent Yang jaundice
or those treated with excessive dosages of cold or
cool materia medica that damage Spleen Yang, Cold
will transform Body Fluids into Dampness and the
condition will turn into Yin jaundice.
Tumors in the alimentary canal that impede ex-
cretion of bile, such as those present in cancer of
the liver, bile ducts and pancreas, will lead to jaun-
dice. In Chinese medicine, tumors are usually con-
sidered as masses and accumulations . Where these
masses and accumulations persist, they will obstruct
the Blood and cause Blood stasis ; bile cannot follow
its normal route and will spill over to the exterior to
result in jaundice .
Surgery damages Vital Qi and causes inhibited
movement of Qi and Blood, providing the condi-
tions of Qi stagnation and Blood stasis from which
jaundice can arise .
Irradiation and chemotherapeutic agents that
damage the Spleen and Stomach will impair their
transportation and transformation function, allow-
ing generation of Dampness and turbidity in the
interior. Retention will transform these factors into
Heat that steams the Liver and Gallbladder (Yang
jaundice) . When bile is prevented from following its
normal route, it will spread to the skin and stain it
yellow.
Deficiency of Spleen and Stomach Yang, or
age to Spleen Yang after a disease will lead to
Body Fluids being transformed by Cold to form
dampness . Cold-Damp stagnating in the Middle
Burner will obstruct the bile passage and bile will
spill over to the skin to make it yellow (Yin jaun-
dice
Pattern identification and
treatment principles
Yellowing of the eyes is generally the first sign of
jaundice, with the skin subsequently turning yellow
throughout the body; the color may be as bright as
tangerine peel or a much duller, smoky yellow .
Accompanying symptoms vary, depending on
whether Damp-Heat or Cold-Damp is involved .
Pattern identification is based on differentiating
between Yin and Yang.
As discussed above, Yang jaundice is caused by
p-Heat, Yin jaundice by Cold-Damp . The main
treatment principle is to transform pathogenic
Dampness and promote urination . Once Dampness
has been transformed, the jaundice will abate .
• For Damp-Heat, the principle should be to clear
Heat and transform Dampness, combined with
freeing the Fu organs and benefiting the movement
of Qi to allow D p-Heat to be discharged down-
ward .
Jaundice due to Cold-D should be treated
by warming the Middle Burner and transforming
pness .
• Urination is mainly promoted by benefiting the
movement of Dampness with bland percolation to
dispel Dampness and abate jaundice . Jin Kui Yao Lue
[Synopsis of the Golden Chamber] advised that
whatever the pathology of jaundice, it should be
treated by promoting urination .
• In acute jaundice, the principle of clearing Heat,
relieving Toxicity, cooling the Ying level and open-
ing the orifices should be adopted to treat exuberant
Heat Toxins that enter the Heart and Ying level.
Jin Kui Yao Lire also stated that jaundice should be
treated for no longer than 18 days, as 10 days or
slightly longer were normally enough for a cure . If
the illness lasts beyond this period or worsens, this
means that Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) is unable to over-
come the pathogenic factors and other measures
will be required to bring about a cure .
Jaundice complicating a cancerous condition is
often characterized by a Deficiency-Excess complex
pattern. The overall treatment principle should be
based on taking both the Manifestations and the
Root into account - in acute conditions, benefit the
movement of Dampness and abate jaundice to treat
the Manifestations ; in moderate conditions, support
Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and disperse accumulations to
treat the Root, while abating jaundice .
The patterns below are seen most often in
late-stage liver cancer, and intermediate-stage and
late-stage carcinoma of the pancreas, ampulla
Vater and bile ducts.
 JAUNDICE 255

:nding on YANG JAUNDICE cumae) 20g and Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Meliae
involved. Toosendan) 15g to dredge the Liver and regu-
Ferentiating HEAT PREDOMINATING OVER late Qi .
DAMPNESS 3. For severe nausea, add Chen Pi (Pericarpium
caused by Cirri Reticulatae) 10g and Zhu Ru (Caulis Bam-
The main Main symptoms and signs busae in Taeniis) 10g.
pathogenic Bright yellow skin and eyes, fever and thirst, anguish 4. For anguish in the Heart, add Huang Lian (Rhi-
Dampness in the Heart, abdominal distension and fullness, a zoma Coptidis) 3g and Long Dan Cao (Radix
gate. dry mouth with a bitter taste, nausea with a desire to Gentianae Scabrae) 15g
be to clear vomit, short voidings of scant yellow or reddish
)fined with urine, and constipation. The tongue body is red Notes :
movement with a yellow and greasy coating, the pulse is wiry 1 . When using materia medica that are bitter in
ged down- and rapid . flavor and cold in nature such as Zhi Zi (Fructus
Gardeniae Jasminoidis), Da Huang (Radix et
be treated Rhizoma Rhei), Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis),
HERBAL MEDICINE and Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae),
nsforming
Treatment principle care must be taken to monitor the severity of
!efiting the Clear Heat and benefit the movement of Dampness, the fever and any changes to it ; if dosages of
-olation to assisted by draining downward . these materia medica are too high or if they are
:ui Yao L .ue taken for too long, the condition may change
wised that Prescription into Dampness predominating over Heat or
should be YIN CHEN HAO TANG JIA WEI prevalence of Cold-Damp, or even into Yin
Oriental Wormwood Decoction, with additions jaundice.
firing Heat, 2 . Gallstones obstructing the biliary tract are
Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae) 30g
and open- characterized by yellow skin and eyes and pain
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 1Og
exuberant in the right hypochondrium extending to the
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 10g, added 10
level. shoulder and back, or aversion to cold, fever,
minutes before the end of the decoction process
should be and pale, gray-white stool. This condition
0 days or should be treated by Da Chai Hu Tang (Major
a cure. If Explanation Bupleurum Decoction) with the addition of Yin
rsens, this • Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae) Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae) 15g, fin
e to over- clears Heat and benefits Dampness to eliminate ,Qian Cao (Herba Lysimachiae) 30g and Yu fin
measures jaundice and should be prescribed in a large (Radix Curcumae) 20g to dredge the Liver,
dosage. benefit the Gallbladder, clear Heat and abate
ndition is Zbi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) and Da jaundice.
s complex Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) clear Heat and
should be drain downward.
ACUPUNCTURE
s and the
)enefit the Modifications Treatment principle
ce to treat 1 . For frequent short voidings of reddish urine, Clear Heat and benefit the movement of Dampness,
s, support add Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g, Zhu assisted by draining downward.
nations to Ling (Sderotium Polypori Umbellati) 20g and
Points : BL-19 Danshu, SP-9 Yinlingquan, GB-34
Hua Shy (Talcum) 15g to percolate Dampness Yanglingquan, PC-6 Neiguan, ST 25 Tianshu,
often in and eliminate pathogenic Damp-Heat from the GB-40 Qiuxu, and LR-3 Taichong.
stage and urine and stool.
npulla of 2. For severe pain in the hypochondrium, add Chai Technique: Use filiform needles and apply the re-
Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 15g, Yu Jin (Radix Cur- ducing method. Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .

Explanation
• Combining BL-19 Danshu, the back-shu point
of the Gallbladder, GB-34 Yanglingquan, the
xia he (lower uniting) point of the Gallbladder,
and GB-40 Qiuxu, the yuan (source) point of
the Gallbladder channel, with LR-3 Taichong,
the yuan (source) point of the Liver channel,
clears Heat and benefits the Gallbladder .
• SP-9 Yinlingquan promotes urination and clears
Damp-Heat in the Spleen and Stomach .
• PC-6 Neiguan harmonizes the Stomach, bears
counterflow downward and stops vomiting.
• ST-25 Tianshu moves Qi downward and frees
the abdomen .
DAMPNESS PREDOMINATING OVER
HEAT
Main symptoms and signs
Yellow skin and eyes but not as bright as when Heat
predominates over Dampness, heavy head and body,
focal distension and fullness in the chest and stom-
ach, reduced appetite, nausea and vomiting, ab-
dominal distension, and grimy loose stools . The
tongue body is red with a thick, greasy and slightly
yellow coating; the pulse is wiry and slippery, or
soggy and moderate.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Benefit the movement of Dampness and transform
turbidity, assisted by clearing Heat .
Prescription
YIN CHEN WU LING SAN HE GAN LU
XIAO DU DAN JIA JIAN
Oriental Wormwood and Poria Five Powder Com-
bined With Sweet Dew Special Pill for Dispersing
Toxicity, with modifications
Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae) 30g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Zhu Ling (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati) 15g
Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae) 1Og
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 15g
Huo Xiang (Herba Agastaches seu Pogostemi) 10g
Bai Dou Kou (Fructus Amomi Kravanh) 10g, added
10 minutes before the end of the decoction process
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 10g
Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) 6g
Shi Chang Pu (Rhizoma Acori Graminei) 1 Og
LianQiao (Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae) 15g
Bo He (Herba Menthae Haplocalycis) 10g, added 10
minutes before the end of the decoction process
Hua Shi- (Talcum) 30g, wrapped
Explanation
• Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae)
serves as the sovereign ingredient . In combina-
tion with Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos),
Zhu Ling (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati), Gui
Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae), Bai Zhu
(Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae), and Ze
Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis), the ingre-
dients of Wu Ling San (Poria Five Powder), it
transforms Qi and benefits the movement of
Dampness to eliminate Dampness through the
urine. .
• Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) and
Lian Qiao (Fructus Forsy thiae Suspensae) clear
Heat, dry Dampness and relieve Toxicity .
• Shi Chang Pu (Rhizoma Acori Graminei), Bai
Dou Kou (Fructus Amomi Kravanh), Huo Xiang
(Herba Agastaches seu Pogostemi), and Bo He
(Herba Menthae Haplocalycis) aromatically
transform Damp turbidity, move Qi and gratify
the Spleen.
• Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) and
Hua Shit (Talcum) clear Heat and transform
Dampness with coldness and blandness .
Notes :
1 If this pattern persists or bitter and cold materia
medica are over-prescribed, it may transform
into Yin jaundice, and should be treated ac-
cordingly.
2. If exuberant Heat appears in the Yangming chan-
nel during the course of the disease, it will scorch
Body Fluids and accumulate and stagnate to result
in an Excess pattern with constipation . In this case,
use Da Huang Xiao Shi Tang (Rhubarb and Niter
Decoction) to drain Heat, eliminate constipation,
and drain downward urgently to preserve Yin .


JAUNDICE 257

.0g, added ACUPUNCTURE Prescription

)n process XI JIAO SAN JIA WEI
log Treatment principle Rhinoceros Horn Powder, with additions
6g Benefit the Gallbladder and transform turbidity,
Og eliminate Dampness and abate jaundice . Sbui Niu Jiao* (Cornu Bubali) 15g, decocted for 60
15g minutes before adding the other ingredients
Points: BL-19 Danshu, GB-34 Yanglingquan, SP-9 Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 1 Og
, added 10
Yinlingquan, CV 12 Zhongwan, BL-20 Pishu, PC-6
)rocess Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) 6g
Neiguan, and SP-4 Gongsun . Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) I Og
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the Yin Chen Hao (Herba•Artemisiae Scopariae) 15g
reducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Scopariae) minutes . Moxibustion can be performed after acu- Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 20g
combina- puncture, if required. Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis) 15g
e Cocos), Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) 20g
aati), Gui Explanation
Bai Zhu BL-19 Danshu and GB-34 Yanglingquan, the Explanation
:), and Ze back-shu and xia he (lower uniting) points of the • Shui Niu Jiaot (Cornu Bubali), Huang Lian (Rhi-
the ingre- Gallbladder, clear Heat and benefit the Gall- zoma Coptidis) and Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimi-
'owder), it bladder. cifugae) clear Heat, cool the Ying level and
ement of • SP-9 Yinlingquan promotes urination and clears relieve Toxicity.
rough the Damp-Heat in the Spleen and Stomach. Zbi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) and Yin
CV 12 Zhongwan and BL-20 Pishu fortify the Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae) clear
.nsis) and Spleen and benefit the movement of Damp- Heat and abate jaundice .
isae) clear ness . Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae),
ity. • PC-6 Neiguan and SP-4 Gongsun, both of Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis), Xuan Shen
zinei), Bai which are jiao hui (confluence) points of the (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis), and Shi Hu*
rluo Xiang eight extraordinary vessels, loosen the chest, (Herba Dendrobii) enhance the functions of
nd Bo He harmonize the Stomach and bear counterflow the other ingredients in clearing Heat and cool-
Dmatically downward. ing the Blood .
nd gratify
ACUTE JAUNDICE Modifications and alternatives
iferi) and
Main symptoms and signs 1 . For severe nosebleeds, blood in the stool or
ransform
Acute onset and rapid development of jaundice, cutaneous ecchymoses, add Di Yu Tan (Radix
cs.
high fever, irritability and thirst, pain in the hypo- Sanguisorbae Officinalis Carbonisata) 20g and
chondrium, abdominal fullness, coma or delirious Ce Bai Ye Tan (Cacumen Biotae Orientalis Car-
Id materia speech, possibly accompanied by nosebleed and bonisatum) 15g to cool the Blood and stop
ransform blood in the stool, or cutaneous ecchymoses . The bleeding.
eated ac- tongue body is red or crimson with a dry, yellow 2. For short inhibited voidings of scant urine or
coating; the pulse is wiry, slippery and rapid, or ascites, add Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis
zing chan- thready and rapid. Papyriferi) log, Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imper-
vill scorch atae Cylindricae) 30g, CheQian Cao (Herba Plan-
e to result taginis) log, and Da Fu Pi (Pericarpium Arecae
a this case, HERBAL MEDICINE Catechu) log to clear Heat and promote urina-
and Niter Treatment principle tion .
Zstipation, Clear Heat and relieve Toxicity, cool the Ying 3. For coma and delirious speech, change the
Yin. level and open the orifices . prescription to An Gong Niu Huang Van

(Peaceful Palace Bovine Bezoar Pill) or Zbi Bao
Dan (Supreme Jewel Special Pill), one large
honeyed pill three times a day, to cool the Ying
level and open the orifices.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Clear Heat, cool the Blood and open the orifices .
Points : EX-UE-11 Shixuan, BL-40 Weizhong,
GV 14 Dazhui, LI-4 Hegu, and LR-3 Taichong .
Technique : Apply blood letting with three
edged-needles at EX-UE-1 1 Shixuan and
BL-40 Weizhong. Apply the reducing method and
strong stimulation at GV 14 Dazhui, LI-4 Hegu
and LR-3 Taichong. Do not retain the needles .
Explanation
• LI-4 Hegu and LR-3 Taichong, the si guan (four
gates) points, open and close the orifices .
• EX-UE-11 Shixuan, BL-40 Weizhong and
GV 14 Dazhui, key points for draining general-
ized Heat, clear Heat and cool the Blood,
arouse the Spirit and open the orifices .
YIN JAUNDICE
COLD-DAMP ENCUMBERING THE
SPLEEN
Main symptoms and signs
Dull or smoky yellow skin and eyes,' reduced food
intake, oppression in the stomach or abdominal
distension, loose stools, mental fatigue, fear of cold,
a bland taste in the mouth, and lack of thirst. The
tongue body is pale with a greasy coating; the pulse
is soggy and moderate, or deep and slow
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and harmonize the Stomach,
warm and transform Cold-Damp .
Prescription
YIN CHEN ZHU FU TANG JIA WEI
Oriental Wormwood, Atractylodes and Aconite
Decoction, with additions
Iin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae) 15g
Fu Zz* (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli Praepa-
rata) 10g, decocted for 30-60 minutes before adding
the other ingredients
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Can Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis) 6g
Can Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Explanation
Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae) and
Fu Zz* (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli
Praeparata) are used in combination to warm
and transform Cold-Damp and abate jaundice .
• Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae),
Can Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis) and
Can Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) fortify the Spleen
and warm the Middle Burner .
Modirications
1 . For severe oppression in the stomach and dis-
tension in the abdomen, add Yr Jin (Radix Cur-
cumae) 10g, Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Offici-
nalis) 10g, Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
20g, and Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis)
20g to move Qi and benefit the movement of
Dampness .
2. For generalized itching, add Oin Jiao (Radix
Gentianae Macrophyllae) lOg and Di Fu Zi
(Fructus Kochiae Scopariae) 30g to dispel
Dampness and stop itching.
Note: Fu Zz* (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli
Praeparata) may be replaced by Far Pen Zi (Fructus
Rubi Chingii) 10g.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Benefit the Gallbladder and abate jaundice.
Points : GV 9 Zhivang, BL-20 Pishu, BL-19 Danshu,
CV-12 Zhongwan, SP-9 Yinlingquan, and ST 36 Zusanli.


JAUNDICE 259

Technique: Apply the even method at GV 9 Zhiyang, HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
J BL-19 Danshu and SP-9 Yinlingquan, and the rein- Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae) 15g
3 Aconite forcing method at BL-20 Pishu, CV-12 Zhongwan Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 15g
and ST-36 Zusanli . Retain the needles for 20-30
minutes . Moxibustion can be performed after acu- Explanation
e) 15g puncture, if required. • Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae), Bai
eli Praepa- Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae), Fu
ore adding Explanation Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos), Gan Cao (Radix
• Acupuncture and moxibustion at GV 9 Zhiyang, Glycyrrhizae), Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici
halae) 15g an important point for abating jaundice, warms Chuanxiong), Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehman-
6g and frees Yang Qi. niae Glutinosae), Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae
Combining CV 12 Zhongwan, the hui (meeting) Sinensis), and Chi Sbao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra),
point of the six Fu organs, with ST 36 Zusanli the ingredients of Ba Zben Tang (Eight Treasure
and BL-20 Pishu and applying the reinforcing Decoction), supplement Qi and Blood ; the ad-
)ariae) and method fortifies the Spleen and harmonizes the dition of Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedy-
:armichaeli Stomach to transform Dampness . sari) enhances the function of supplementing
i to warm • BL-19 Danshu benefits the Gallbladder . Qi.
jaundice. • SP-9 Yinlingquan guides Dampness downward . • Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae) and
)cephalae), Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) percolate
inalis) and Dampness, benefit the Gallbladder and abate
DEFICIENCY OF QI AND BLOOD
the Spleen jaundice.
Main symptoms and signs
Pale yellow skin and eyes, a dull and lusterless facial ACUPUNCTURE
complexion, shortness of breath, lack of strength,
h and dis- palpitations, dizziness, spontaneous sweating, men- Treatment principle
Zadix Cur- tal fatigue, and little desire to speak . The tongue Augment Qi and nourish the Blood, benefit the
iae Offici- body is enlarged and pale with a slightly yellow and movement of Dampness and abate jaundice .
ae Cocos) greasy coating; the pulse is thready. Points : ST-36 Zusanli, CV-4 Guanyuan, BL-20
Orientalis) Pishu, BL-17 Geshu, BL-19 Danshu, BL-18
iement of HERBAL MEDICINE Ganshu, and CV 17 Danzhong .
iao (Radix Treatment principle Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
Di Fu Zi Augment Qi and nourish the Blood, benefit the inforcing method. Retain the needles for 20-30
to dispel movement of Dampness and abate jaundice. minutes . Moxibustion can be performed after acu-
puncture, if required.
Prescription
armichaeli BA ZHEN TANG JIA WEI
: (Fructus Eight Treasure Decoction, with additions Explanation
• BL-20 Pishu, BL-19 Danshu, BL-18 Ganshu,
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g and BL-17 Geshu fortify the Spleen and regu-
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g late the Liver and Gallbladder to enrich the
Fu Ling (Sclerotiurn Poriae Cocos) 15g source of generation and transformation of Qi
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g and Blood.
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 6g CV-4 Guanyuan cultivates and supplements
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g Original Qi (Yuan Qi), whereas ST 36 Zusanli
9 Danshu, Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og cultivates and supplements Later Heaven Qi .
36 Zusanl. Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 1 Og Applying the reinforcing method at CV17

260 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Danzhong, the hui (meeting) point of Qi and a
point on the Sea of Qi, augments gathering Qi
(Zong Qi) .
DEFICIENCY OF VITAL QI WITH
BINDING OF BLOOD STASIS
Main symptoms and signs
Dark yellow skin and eyes, possibly with a
soot-black facial complexion, hard and painful
lumps in the hypochondrium, or stone-like ab-
dominal masses, emaciation, and a greatly reduced
appetite . The tongue body is pale purple with no
coating; the pulse is thready and wiry, or thready
and rapid .
HERBAL_All DICINE
Treatment principle
Greatly supplement Qi and Blood, invigorate the
Blood and transform Blood stasis .
Prescription
BA ZHEN TANG HE HUA JI WAN JIA JIAN
Eight Treasure Decoction Combined With Pill for
Transforming Accumulations, with modifications
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Chuan Xiong (Rhianna Ligustici Chuanxiong) 6g
Sheng DI Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) lOg
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) IOg
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
Tao Ken (Semen Persicae) 1 Og
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) 10g
Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) I Og
Explanation
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae), Bai
Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae), Fu
Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos), Gan Cao (Radix
Glycyrrhizae), Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici
Chuanxiong), Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehman-
niae Glutinosae), Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae
Sinensis), and Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra),
the ingredients of Ba Zhen Tang (Eight Treasure
Decoction), greatly supplement both Qi and
Blood ; the addition of Huang Qi (Radix Astra
gall seu Hedysari) enhances the function of
supplementing Qi .
Tao Ken (Semen Persicae), Hong Hua (Flos Car-
thami Tinctorii) and Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma
Corydalis Yanhusuo) soften hardness, dissipate
lumps and transform Blood stasis gradually. By
using relatively mild materia medica for invigo-
rating the Blood and transforming Blood stasis,
the aim can be achieved without causing bleed-
ing.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and supplement the Blood, invigorate
the Blood and transform Blood stasis .
Points : ST 36 Zusanli, BL-19 Danshu, BL-20 Pishu,
SP-6 Sanyinjiao, BL-17 Geshu, LR-14 Qimen, LR-3
Taichong, and CV 12 Zhongwan .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the
even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
Explanation
• BL-17 Geshu and SP-6 Sanyinjiao invigorate
the Blood and transform Blood stasis .
ST-36 Zusanli and BL-20 Pishu fortify the
Spleen and augment Qi, and support Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi) to expel pathogenic factors.
LR-14 Qimen and CV 12 Zhongwan soothe the
hypochondrium and alleviate pain, regulate Qi
and disperse Blood stasis.
• LR-3 Taichong and BL-19 Danshu dredge the
Liver and benefit the Gallbladder.
YANG JAUNDICE TRANSFORMING
INTO YIN JAUNDICE
If Yang jaundice persists for a lengthy period or is
left untreated or is treated with excessive dosages of
bitter and cold materia medica, Spleen and Stomach
Yang will be damaged, and the condition will
 JAUNDICE 261

ae Rubra), transform into Yin jaundice (see above for the jaundice. Qi stagnation, Blood stasis and residual
t Treasure relevant symptoms and signs, pathology and Dampness and turbidity will bind in the hypochon-
h Qi and treatment principles) . drium to give rise to tenderness and stabbing pain
dix Astra- If the condition is characterized by distension of in the chest and hypochondrium . In these circum-
nction of the stomach and abdomen, dull pain in the hypo- stances, Bie Jia Jian Wan (Turtle Shell Decocted Pill)
chondrium, no desire for food and drink, heavy is indicated to invigorate the Blood and transform
(Flos Car- cumbersome limbs, alternating diarrhea and consti- Blood stasis . Xiao Yao San (Free Wanderer Powder)
(Rhizoma pation, and a wiry and thready pulse, these are could also be prescribed in combination to dredge
dissipate manifestations of Liver Depression and Spleen De- the Liver and support the Spleen .
Ldually. By ficiency and should be treated by Xiao Yao San (Free For obvious Spleen and Stomach Deficiency,
'or invigo- Wanderer Powder) to dredge the liver and support Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang (Aucklandia and Amo-
Dod stasis, the Spleen. mum Six Gentlemen Decoction) should be pre-
ing bleed- Focal distension and lumps in the hypochon- scribed to fortify the Spleen and harmonize the
drium are more likely to be caused by prolonged Stomach.

invigorate

20 Pishu,
nen, LR-3

apply the
minutes .

invigorate

ortify the
t Vital Qi
s.
;oothe the
:gulate Qi

hedge the

RMING

:riod or is
.osages of
I Stomach
ition will
 Pro se sweating

Profuse sweating includes both spontaneous sweating and night sweating, conditions due
to Yin-Yang disharmony and looseness of the interstices (cou k), resulting in abnormal se-
cretion of sweat . Spontaneous sweating manifests as sweating in the daytime independent
of outside influences and more pronounced after exertion. Night sweating occurs during
sleep and stops spontaneously after waking.
Spontaneous sweating and night sweating are commonly seen as accompanying symp-
toms of cancer, and can be treated according to the pattern identification described in this
section while the primary disease is being treated ..

Etiology and pathology

Sweat is fluid of the Heart; it is transformed by Essential Qi Qing Qi) and should not be
secreted profusely or continuously. Tumors are local manifestations of generalized
Yin-Yang disharmony and disturbance of the functions of the Zang-Fu organs. Tumors
that have been present for a long period will aggravate the damage to Vital Qi (Zheng Qi),
resulting in a vicious circle that can manifest as disturbance of sweat secretion . For exam-
ple, some patients with lymphoma may present with night sweating as the main symptom .

Non-consolidation of Lung Qi and Wei Qi

Constitutional insufficiency, a prolonged illness, or the effects of radiotherapy or chemo-
therapy can consume and damage Lung Qi and Lung Yin . The Lungs stand in an
interior-exterior relationship with the skin and hair. When Lung Qi is insufficient, the skin
is loose, Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) is weakened and the interstices (cou k) open up, leading to
spontaneous sweating. In patients with tumors, Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) will be damaged and,
since Wei Qi is part of Vital Qi, sweating will occur.

Disharmony between Ying Qi and Wei Qi

Exuberance or debilitation of Yin and Yang within the body (for example, due to tumors),
or exterior Deficiency resulting in susceptibility to attack by pathogenic Wind, however
slight, leads to disharmony of Ying Qi and Wei Qi (Nutritive and Defensive Qi) . When the
body's defense mechanisms are out of control, sweating will occur .

Effulgent Yin Deficiency-Fire

Congenital Yin Deficiency, damage to Body Fluids by vomiting during chemotherapy, Fire

264 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
or Heat damaging Yin during radiotherapy; or
pathogenic Heat consuming Yin during persistent
fever lead to depletion and Deficiency of
Yin-Essence, thus causing internal generation of
Deficiency-Fire and disturbance of Yin Liquids,
which cannot be stored and are discharged as sweat.
Retention and steaming of pathogenic Heat
Emotional problems affecting cancer patients,
Depression and binding of Liver Qi, effulgent
Gallbladder-Fire, a predilection for spicy or rich
food, or a constitutional tendency toward
Damp-Heat will lead to Liver-Fire or internal
exuberance of I)anlp-Heat . Retained pathogenic
Heat will steam, resulting in Body Fluids discharging
to the exterior and increased sweating .
Pattern identification and
treatment principles Main symptoms and signs
For identification of patterns leading to spontane-
ous sweating and night sweating, differentiation
must be maidc between Yin and Yang, and Defi-
ciency and I xccss. Most sweating patterns are due
to Deficiency; spontaneous sweating is generally
caused by ()i Deficiency and non-consolidation of
the exterior, whereas night sweating is chiefly
caused by internal Heat due to Yin Deficiency :
However, cases of sweating resulting from
Liver-Fire or Damp-Heat causing retention and
steaming of pathogenic Heat are Excess patterns .
In persistent or severe illnesses, there may be
Yin-Yang or Deficiency-Excess complexes . Persis-
tent spontaneous sweating can damage Yin, and
persistent night sweating can damage Yang, leading
to patterns of Deficiency of both Qi and Yin, or
Deficiency of both Yin and Yang . When pathogenic
Heat is retained and steams in a prolonged illness,
Yin will be damaged and a Deficiency-Excess com-
plex will occur.
The main treatment principles are as follows :
• For Deficiency patterns, augment Qi and nour-
ish Yin, consolidate the exterior and constrain
sweating.
• For Excess patterns, clear the Liver and drain
Heat, transform Dampness and harmonize Ying
Qi.
• For Deficiency-Excess complex patterns, the
predominant factor should be determined and the
pattern treated accordingly .
In addition, since spontaneous sweating and
night sweating are due to looseness of the intersti-
ces (cou Ii) and Body Fluids discharging to the exte-
rior, astringent materia medica such as Ma Huang
Gee (Radix Ephedrae), Fu Xiao Mai (Fructus Tritici
Aestivi Levis), Nuo Dao Gen (Rhizoma et Radix
Oryzae Glutinosae), Wlu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisan-
drae), and Mil Lit (Concha Ostreae) can be added
to the prescriptionto enhance the effect in stopping
sweating.
NON-CONSOLIDATION OF LUNG QI
AND WEI QI (DEFENSIVE QI)
Sweating and aversion to wind, made worse by
slight exertion, susceptibility to common colds,
fatigue and lack of strength, and a lusterless facial
complexion ; the tongue body is pale with a thin
white coating; the pulse is thready and weak . This
pattern is often seen in patients with intermediate-
stage and late-stage cancer .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and consolidate the exterior .
Prescription
YU PING FENG SAN JIA JIAN
Jade Screen Powder, with modifications
Huaig Oi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Fang Feng (Radix Ledebouriellae Divaricatae) 6g
Explanation
• Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) aug-
ments Qi, consolidates the exterior and stops
sweating.
• Bai Zbu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)

assists Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
to augment Qi and consolidate the exterior by
fortifying the Spleen and eliminating Dampness.
A small dose of Fang Feng (Radix Ledebouriellae
Divaricatae) expels Wind and assists Huang Pi
(Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) to consolidate
eating and the exterior without nourishing pathogenic fac-
he intersti- tors; at the same time, HuangQi (Radix Astragali
the exte- seu Hedysari) assists Fang Feng (Radix Lede-
Ma Huang bouriellae Divaricatae) to dispel pathogenic
ctus Tritici factors without damaging Vital Qi (Zheng Qi).
. et Radix
s Schisan-
be added For profuse sweating, add Fu Xiao Mai (Fructus
n stopping Tritici Aestivi Levis) 30g, Nuo Dao Gen (Rhi-
zoma et Radix Oryzae Glutinosae) 30g and Mu
Lit (Concha Ostreae) 30g to consolidate the
exterior and constrain sweating .
For severe Qi Deficiency, add Dang Shen (Radix
Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g and Huang Jing
(Rhizoma Polygonati) 15g to augment Qi and
worse by
consolidate containment.
.on colds, Where sweating is accompanied by Yin Defi-
rless facial ciency, with a red tongue body and a thready
ith a thin
and rapid pulse, add Mai Men Dong (Radix
veak. This Ophiopogonis Japonici) 10g and Wu Wei Zi
!rmediate
(Fructus Schisandrae) 10g to nourish Yin and
constrain sweating.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and consolidate the exterior.
Points : BL-13 Feishu, BL-43 Gaohuang,
ST-36 Zusanli, CV-4 Guanyuan, BL-20 Pishu, and
LU-9 Taiyuan.
)g
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
talae) 15g inforcing method. Retain the needles for 20-30
e) 6g minutes . Moxibustion can be performed after acu-
puncture, if required.
sari) aug-
Explanation
md stops • The combination of BL-13 Feishu, the back-shu
point related to the Lungs, and LU-9 Taiyuan,
)cephalae) the yuan (source) point of the Lung channel,
PROFUSE SWEATING 265
consolidates the exterior by supplementing and
augmenting Lung Qi.
• BL-43 Gaohuang, ST 36 Zusan1j and BL-20
Pishu fortify the Spleen and Stomach to sup-
plement Qi .
CV -4 Guanyuan cultivates and supplements
Original Qi (Yuan Qi) and generates Later
Heaven Qi .
DISHARMONY BETWEEN YING QI AND
WEI QI
Main symptoms and signs
Sweating, aversion to wind, generalized aching,
sometimes feeling cold and sometimes hot, or
hemilateral or local sweating . The tongue body is
pale with a thin white coating ; the pulse is moderate.
This pattern is often seen in patients at the inter-
mediate and late stages of cancer.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Re ate and harmonize Ying Qi and Wei Qi (Nu-
tritive and Defensive Qi) .
Prescription
GUI ZHI TANG JIA WEI
Cinnamon Twig Decoction, with additions
Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae) 10g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) l Og
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
6g
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Explanation
• Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae) warms
the channels and releases the flesh ; Bai Shao
(Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) harmonizes Ying
Qi (Nutritive Qi) and constrains Yin . When
the two herbs are used together, since one
dissipates and the other constrains, they can
harmonize Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) and Wei Qi
(Defensive Qi) .

266 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis
Recens), Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) and
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) act as assistants to
regulate and harmonize Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi)
and Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) .
Modifcations
1 . For profuse sweating, add Long Gut (Os Dra-
conis) 30g and Mu Lit (Concha Ostreae) 30g to
act as astringents and constrain sweating.
2. For sweating complicated by Qi Deficiency, add
Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g to
augment Qi and consolidate the exterior.
3. For sweating complicated by Yang Deficiency,
add Fei Zi (Semen Torreyae Grandis) 10g to
warm Yang and constrainn sweating.
4. For hemilateral or local sweating, combine with
Gan Mai Da Zao Tang (Licorice, Wheat and
Chinese Date Decoction) to relax tension with
sweetness and moisture.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Regulate and harmonize Ying Qi and Wei Qi (Nu-
tritive and Defensive Qi) .
Points: BL-13 Feishu, LU-1 Zhongfu, ST 36 Zusanli,
TB-5 Waiguan, SP-6 Sanyinjiao, GV-14 Dazhui, and
LI-4 Hegu .
Technique: Use filiform needles and apply the
even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
Explanation
• BL-13 Feishu and LU-1 Zhongfu, the combina-
tion of the back-.rhu and front-mu points related
to the Lungs, regulate Lung Qi to stop sweating.
• ST 36 Zusanli and SP-6 Sanyinjiao supplement
Qi and fortify the Spleen to consolidate and
protect Ying Qi and Wei Qi (Nutritive and De-
fensive Qi) .
• GV 14 Dazhui, TB-5 Waiguan and LI-4 Hegu
release the exterior and regulate and harmonize
EFFULGENT YIN DEFICIENCY FIRE
Main symptoms and signs
Night sweating or spontaneous sweating with irrita-
bility and a sensation of heat in the chest, palms
and soles, possibly accompanied by tidal fever in the
afternoon, reddening of the cheeks and thirst . The
tongue body is red with a scant coating; the pulse is
thready and rapid . This pattern is often seen in
patients with tumors in late-stage cancer.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Enrich Yin and bear Fire downward .
Prescription
DANG GUI LIU HUANG TANG JIA JIAN
Chinese Angelica Root Six Yellows Decoction, with
modifications
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 1 Og
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) 1Og
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 6g
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 1 Og
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 1 Og
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
Explanation
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Sheng Di
Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) and Shu
Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) enrich Yin and nourish the Blood .
• Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis), Huang Qin
(Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) and Huang Bai
(Cortex Phellodendri) clear Heat, drain Fire and
strengthen Yin with bitterness and coldness .
Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) aug-
ments Qi and consolidates the exterior.
Modifications
1. For profuse sweating, add Mu Lit (Concha


PROFUSE SWEATING 267

Defensive Ostreae) 30g, decocted for 30 minutes before irritability and restlessness, a bitter taste in the
adding the other ingredients, Fu Xiao Mai mouth, and yellow urine . The tongue body is red
(Fructus Tritici Aestivi Levis) 60g and Nuo Dao with a thin yellow coating ; the pulse is wiry and
IRE Gen (Rhizoma et Radix Oryzae Glutinosae) 30g rapid . This pattern is often seen in patients with
to act as astringents and constrain sweating . tumors in intermediate-stage cancer.
2. For severe tidal fever, add Qin Jiao (Radix Gen
with irrita- tianae Macrophyllae) 10g, Yin Chai Hu (Radix HERBAL MEDICINE
est, palms Stellariae Dichotomae) log and, Bai Wei (Radix
ever in the Cynanchi Atrati) log to clear and reduce Treatment principle
thirst. The Deficiency-Heat. Clear the liver and drain Heat, transform Damp-
he pulse is 3. When Yin Deficiency is the main pattern and ness and harmonize Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) .
:n seen in Fire and Heat are not severe, treat instead with Prescription
Mai Wei Di Huang Wan (Ophiopogon and Reh- LONG DAN XIE GAN TANG JIA JIAN
mannia Pill), one large pill three times a day, to Chinese Gentian Decoction for Draining the liver,
supplement and boost the Lungs and Kidneys, with modifications
enrich Yin and clear Heat.
Lang Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae) log
ACUPUNCTURE HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) log
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 1Og
Treatment principle Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 6g
JIAN Enrich Yin, bear Fire downward and stop sweating. Ze Xie (R izoma Alismatis Orientalis) 1 Og
aon, with Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) 6g
Points : HT-6 Yinxi, SI-3 Houxi, KI-7 Fuliu, KI-3 Taixi, CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 1Og, wrapped
SP-6 Sanyinjiao, PC-7 Dating, and GV 14 Dazhui . Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 1 Og
even method at all points except for HT-6 Yinxi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
and SI-3 Houxi, where the reducing method is ap-
plied. Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes . Explanation
log Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae), Huang
Explanation Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis), Zhi Zi
5g • HT-6 Yinxi and SI-3 Houxi, empirical points (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis), and Chai Hu
for treating night sweating due to Yin Defi- (Radix Bupleuri) clear the Liver and drain Heat .
ciency, stop sweating with the reducing method . Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis), Tong Cao
Sheng Di KI-3 Taixi, KI-7 Fuliu and SP-6 Sanyinjiao are (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) and Che Qian
and Shu important points for enriching Yin in the Kid- Zi (Semen Plantaginis) clear Heat and benefit
)sae Con- ney and Spleen channels. the movement of Dampness.
ed . Combining PC-7 Daling, the yuan (source) point • Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Sheng
tuang Qin of the Pericardium channel, with DU-1 4 Da- Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) en-
-Iuang Bai zhui clears Heat. rich Yin, nourish the Blood and harmonize
i Fire and Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) .
3ness . Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) drains Fire and
RETENTION AND STEAMING OF clears Heat, and harmonizes the properties of
sari) aug- PATHOGENIC HEAT the other ingredients.
Main symptoms and signs
Continuous sweating of sticky sweat, or sweat that Modification
(Concha stains clothing yellow, a red face with steady fever, For accumulation of Damp-Heat in the interior

268 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
where Heat is not exuberant, Si Miao IVan (Myste-
rious Four Pill) can be used instead . Cang Zhu (Rhi-
zoma Atractvlodis), Hiiatng 13ai (Cortex Phellodendri)
and Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) clear
Heat and eliminate Dampness, and Chuan Niu Xi
(Radix Cyathulae ( )fticinalis) frees the sinews and
network vessels .
ACUPUNCTI 'Ri
Treatment principle
Clear the I .i\cr and drain Heat, transform Damp
ness and liarmc,niic 1 ing Qi (Nutritive Qi) .
Points : SIB-') l inlingcluan, GB-34 Yanglingquan,
BL-21) Pishii, MA 8 Ganshu, BL-19 Danshu, CV'--12
Zhong,vw ;in, i-14 Rivue, LR-14 Qimen, SP-6
SanvR1,-21 \V'eishu, and LR-13 Zhangmen .
Technique : Psc fliform needles and apply the re-
ducing niciho~d . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes .
Explanation
• Combining Sp-9 Yinlingquan with SP-6 Sanyin-
jiao fortifies the Spleen and benefits the move-
ment of Dampness
. sweating in late-stage cancer patients . The formula
• GB-31 1'anglingquan clears and drains Damp-
Heat in the I ,aver and Gallbladder .
• BL-18 Ganshu, B1-19 Danshu, BL-20 Pishu,
BL-21 \V'cishu, IA-14 Qimen, GB-24 Rivue,
LR-13, Zhangmen and CV-12 Zhongwan, the
back-shut and front-/wt points related to the Liver,
Gallbladder,, Spleen and Stomach, regulate the
functional activities of Qi, clear Heat and bene-
fit the movement of Dampness in the Middle
and Lower Burners, transform Dampness and
harmonize Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) .
Alternative formulae
1 . Indication: Spontaneous sweating due to Qi
Deficiency.
Ingredients
Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedy-sari) 15g
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 15g
Flt Xiao Il-7ai (Fructus Tritici Aestivi Levis) 15g
2 . Indication : Night sweating due to Yin Defi-
ciency .
Ingredients
IV1t Mei (Fructus Pruni Mume) 9g
Fit Yiao Mai (Fructus Tritici Aestivi Levis) 15g
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 15g
General notes
1 . During sweating, the interstices (coil li) are loose
and susceptible to invasion by external patho-
genic factors; wind and cold should therefore be
avoided in order not to catch cold .
Sweat should be wiped off as soon as possi-
ble .
In cases with profuse sweating, sweat-soaked
clothing should be changed frequently .
Clinical experience
Prevention of profuse sweating can be a major
problem in treating fever in cancer patients. In the
Sino Japanese Friendship Hospital in Beijing, we
use our own formulation, known as Zhi Han Fang
(Formula for Stopping Sweating), in the treatment of
consists of 11,711 11"ei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) 15g, Fit
Xiao Alai (Fructus Tritic) Aestivi Levis) 60g and He
Zi (Fructus Terminaliae Chebulae) 15g. Sweating
normally begins to decrease 24 hours after taking
the decoction . Although this may be slower than
Western medicines, in our experience the effect is
much longer-lasting .
In patients who had been given large amounts of
fluid infusion after multiple courses of radiotherapy
or chemotherapy and were diagnosed with Qi and
Blood Deficiency ; the non-modified version of this
formula was not found to be effective . In such cases,
materia medica for supplementing the Blood and
augmenting Qi should be integrated into the for-
mula .
In the formula, Fir Xiao Mai (Fructus Tritici Aes-
tivi Levis) nourishes the Heart and constrains
sweating with coolness and sweetness, and is often
prescribed for night sweating and spontaneous
sweating, as is 14.1', IVei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae),
 PROFUSE SWEATING 269

which constrains the Lungs, enriches the Kidneys, channels and astringes with bitterness and sourness .
and generates Body Fluids and constrains sweating The combination of these three materia medica is
with warmth and sourness. He Zi (Fructus Termina- very effective for stopping sweating and consoli-
liae Chebulae) enters the Lung and Large Intestine dating the exterior .

e a major
nts. In the
3eijing, we
Han Fang
eatment of
ie formula
ie) 15g, Fu
Og and He
Sweating
fter taking
ower than
e effect is

nounts of
Jiotherapy
th Qi and
on of this
such cases,
Mood and
the for-

'ritici Aes
constrains
d is often
Dntaneous
usandrae),


Hemorrhage

Hemorrhage is a frequent complication of malignant tumors, where severe bleeding may

be caused by the cancer eroding adjacent blood vessels . Bleeding in cancer patients is gen-
erally caused by the following factors :
• Ulceration due to tumor necrosis or the tumor eroding main blood vessels : this is
characterized by a positive result for occult blood in the stool in gastrointestinal cancers,
hematemesis in upper gastrointestinal cancers, bloody nasal discharge in nasopharyn-
geal cancer, hemoptysis in lung cancers, and intermenstrual or postcoital bleeding in
cervical cancer.
• disseminated intravascular coagulation: when a tumor is in a state of hypercoagulability,
it consumes large amount of platelets and blood coagulation factors to result in bleed-
ing. This type of bleeding is commonly seen in late-stage cancers.
Hemorrhagic tumors such as angiosarcomas can manifest with bleeding within the
tumor.
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy inhibit the hematopoietic function of the bone mar-
row, and chemotherapy can damage the liver function to result in coagulation disorders,
thus producing a hemorrhagic tendency.
Fibrosis and increased permeability may occur due to damage of the vascular wall after
radiotherapy; for example, radiotherapy of the pelvic cavity in cervical cancer can cause
capillary dilatation in the bladder and colon, leading to extravasation of blood and
hemorrhage.
In Chinese medicine, hemorrhage belongs to the category of Blood patterns (xue .Zheng) .
Blood is generated and transformed in the Spleen, stored in the Liver, governed by the
Heart, and transported and distributed by the Lungs . It transforms Essence in the Kidneys,
flows in the Blood vessels, and nourishes the entire body . Whenever the Blood vessels or
network vessels are damaged or Blood moves frenetically, it will spill out of the vessels,
resulting in a Blood pattern . The main Blood patterns affecting cancer patients include ex-
pectoration of blood (hemoptysis), vomiting of blood (hematemesis), blood in the stools
(hemafecia) and blood in the urine (hematuria) .
Although Chinese medicine has developed comprehensive principles for the treatment
of bleeding through a combination of pattern identification and prescription of appropri-
ate materia medica, practitioners must bear in mind that bleeding due to tumors is often a
critical condition requiring immediate management with Western methods such as surgery.
272 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Hemoptysis is the coughing up or expectoration of
blood from the oral cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi or
lungs. Expectoration of blood may be the first
symptom of bronchial and laryngeal diseases, and is
the first sign of bronchogenic carcinoma in 50-70
percent of cases .
In TCM, ka xue (expectoration of blood) is also
known as ke xue or sou xue (coughing of blood) .
Damage to the channels and network vessels causes
the frenetic flow of Blood, which spills over into
the respiratory tract and is expelled during coughing.
Chinese medicine considers that in intermediate-
stage and late-stage cancers, expectoration of Blood
is primarily due to congestion and exuberance of
Lung Heat, Liver-Fire flaming upward, effulgent
Yin Deficiency-Fire, or Qi failing to contain the
Blood .
The Lungs govern Qi and they also have a
downward-bearing function . As a delicate organ, the
Lungs like to be moist and clear, and hate Dryness
and turbidity : If the Lungs are damaged by patho-
genic factors, their downward-bearing function will
be impaired and the ascending counterflow of Lung
Qi will result in coughing ; damage to the network
vessels of the Lungs will lead to expectoration of
Blood . If Qi is Deficient and fails to contain the
Blood, Blood will flow frenetically. When it spills
out of the Lungs, blood-streaked phlegm or
coughing of bright red blood will be seen .
Etiology and pathology
Congestion and exuberance of Lung-Heat
The Lungs govern Qi and control breathing, open
into the nose and are connected with the skin and
hair in the exterior. The Lungs are a delicate organ
and susceptible to invasion by external pathogenic
factors. Pathogenic factors congesting in the Lungs
impair the diffusion and downward-bearing func-
tion . Retention of pathogenic factors will transform
into Heat or Fire to damage the channels and net-
work vessels and force the Blood to spill out into
the airways, resulting in coughing of blood . For pa-
tients with tumors, exuberant pathogenic Heat will
remain in the Lungs to cause the frenetic movement
of Blood and subsequent expectoration of blood .
Liver-Fire attacking the Lungs .
Where constitutional Deficiency of Lung Qi in
cancer patients is complicated by emotional block-
age, Liver Depression will transform into Fire,
which flames upward to attack the Lungs and dam-
age its network vessels to result in expectoration of
Blood. Alternatively; when a patient has a sudden fit
of anger, transverse counterflow of Liver Qi will
result . When Qi is superabundant, there is Fire.
Blood moves with Fire when it flames upward and
attacks the Lungs, thus resulting in expectoration of
blood .
Effulgent Yin Deficiency-Fire
Constitutional Yin Deficiency or exuberant Heat
damaging Yin, or Lung-Heat and exuberant
Liver-Fire in cancer patients can cause the frenetic
movement of Blood, leading to recurrent bleeding
and consumption of Yin and Blood . Where tumors
have developed over a long period, the exuberant
Toxic pathogenic factors will scorch Qi and Yin,
and radiotherapy may damage Yin Liquids, resulting
in both instances in Yin Deficiency and Lung Dry-
ness. When Deficiency-Fire is intense in the interior,
it scorches the network vessels of the Lungs, lead-
ing to expectoration of blood.
In addition, the Kidney vessels pass through the
diaphragm, enter the Lungs and continue to the
larynx, thus joining the Lungs and Kidneys . When
Lung Yin is Deficient, it will eventually damage the
Kidneys, whereas if Kidney-Water is insufficient,
this will deprive the Lungs of moisture and nour-
ishment, resulting in Deficiency of Lung and Kid-
ney Yin . When Kidney Yin is depleted, Fire will
flame upward and scorch the Lungs ; when the
Lungs are Dry, their network vessels will be dam-
aged and coughing of blood will occur .
Blood stasis obstructing the Lung network
vessels
This pattern is seen most often in cancer patients
with primary or metastasized tumors in the lungs .


HEMORRHAGE 273

)d. For pa- The tumor obstructs Lung Qi, which in turn causes expectoration of relatively large amounts of bright
Heat will Blood stasis . If Lung Qi is insufficient, it is not red blood, fullness in the chest, rapid breathing,
movement strong enough to ensure the normal movement of thirst, irritability, constipation, and reddish urine ;
-f blood. Blood . Congealing and stasis of Blood also occur this may be accompanied by fever and aversion to
when Fire and Heat damage Body Fluids, which cold in circumstances of external Cold and internal
when depleted cannot carry the Blood to allow it to Heat . The tongue body is red with a yellow coating ;
rig Qi in move freely . In addition, once the blood has left the the pulse is wiry, slippery and rapid . This pattern is
-nal block- vessels, it will become static, causing further ob- often seen in the intermediate and late stages of
into Fire, struction and preventing it from flowing freely lung cancer.
and dam- within the vessels, which, in turn, will induce or
oration of aggravate bleeding . All these pathologies can lead to HERBAL MEDICINE
sudden fit expectoration of blood .
er Qi will Treatment principle
ce is Fire . Deficient Qi failing to ensure containment Clear Heat and drain the Lungs, bear counterflow
sward and Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) will already be Deficient in downward and stop bleeding.
oration of cancer patients . Vital Qi will also be consumed in
patients with constitutional Deficiency who develop Prescription
a tumor, those suffering from fatigue due to over- XIE BAI SAN HE SHI HUI SAN
exertion, and those with dietary irregularities, inter- White-Draining Powder Combined With Ten Cin-
nal damage caused by emotional stress, or external ders Powder
rant Heat
exuberant pathogenic factors that cannot be released . All these
factors will cause Qi Deficiency with loss of the Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis) 1 Og
ie frenetic Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis) 1 Og
t bleeding ability to govern the movement of Blood in the
vessels . Blood spilling over from the network ves- Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
:re tumors Jing Mi (Oryza Sativa) 30g
sels of the Lungs will induce or aggravate expecto-
exuberant Ce Bai Ye (Cacumen Biotae Orientalis) 1 Og
and Yin, ration of blood .
Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae) 10g
resulting Qian Cao Gen (Radix Rubiae Cordifoliae) log
,ung Dry- Pattern identification and He Ye (Folium Nelumbinis Nuciferae) log
ie interior,
rigs, lead- treatment principles Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 1 Og
Zong Lu Tan (Fibra Carbonisata Trachycarpi Stipulae)
rough the Expectoration of blood is a Manifestation (biao) and log
Lie to the should be treated according to the principle "in Da Ji (Herba seu Radix Cirsii Japonici) 1 Og
;ys. When acute conditions, treat the Manifestation, and in Xiao Ji (Herba Cephalanoploris seu Cirsii) log
image the moderate conditions, treat the Root ." Priority Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 1Og
sufficient, should be given to timely treatment of the Mani- Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 1 Og
ind nour- festation with measures to stop bleeding, once ex-
and Kid- pectoration of blood has been moderated, attention Explanation
Fire will can be turned back to treating the tumor . When
identifying patterns, the amount and color of the • Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis) clears
when the Lung-Heat and settles coughing and wheezing.
be dam- blood and any accompanying patterns should be
taken into account . • Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis) clears latent Fire
in the Lungs, but does not damage Yin .
• Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) and Jing Mi
network CONGESTION AND EXUBERANCE OF (Oryza Sativa) nourish the Lungs and Stomach .
LUNG-HEAT The combination of these four ingredients
•
r patients Main symptoms and signs supplements while draining to clear and drain
the lungs. Coughing of yellow, blood-streaked phlegm, Lung-Heat . Once obstruction of Lung-Heat

274 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
has been relieved, Lung Qi can carry out its
downward-bearing function properly and
coughing of blood will be stopped .
• The effect of the prescription is enhanced by
combining with the ingredients of Shi Hui San
(Ten Cinders Powder), as listed above .
Modifications
1 . For severe Lung-Heat, add Huang Oin
Scutellariae Baicalensis) 10g, Zhi Mu (Rhizoma
Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) 10g, and Dong
Gua Ken (Semen Benincasae Hispidae) I Og.
2 . For profuse yellow phlegm, add Tian Zhu Huang
(Concretio Silicea Bambusae) 10g, Bai Oian
(Radix et Rhizoma Cynanchi Stauntonii g
and Yu Xing Cao (Herba Houttuyniae Cordatae
30g.
For dry and sore throat,; add Xuan Shen dix
Scrophulariae Ningpoensis)_ 15g and She Gan
(Rhizoma Belamcandae Chinensis) 10g.
4 . For constipation, add Gua Lou Ken (Fructus
Trichosanthis) -30g, for this modification, Da
Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) l Og should be
added 10 minutes before; the end of the decoc-
tion process rather than at the beginning .
5 . For severe bleeding with fresh red blood, add
materia medica for cooling the Blood and stop-
ping bleeding such as Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Mou=
tan Radicis) 10g and Xian He Cao (Herba Agri-
moniae Pilosae) 15g.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and drain the Lungs, bear counterflow
downward and stop bleeding .
Points : BL-13 Feishu, LU-1 Zhongfu, GV 14 Dazhui,
LU-6 Kongzui LU-5 Chize, and LI-4 Hegu.
Technique : Use ftliform needles and apply the re-
ducing method . Retain the needles for 20 minutes .
Pricking and cupping can be applied at GV 14
Dazhui and BL-13 Feishu.
Explanation
Combining BL-13 Feishu and LU-1 Zhongfu,
the back-shat and front-mu points related to the
Lungs, with LU-5 Chize, the Zi (son) point on
the Lung channel, clears and drains Lung-Heat,
bears counterflow downward and stops cough-
ing.
GV 14 Dazhui and LI-4 Hegu release the exte-
rior and clear Heat.
LU-6 Kongzui, the Ni (cleft point on the Lung
channel, stops bleeding.
LIVER-FIRE ATTACHING THE LUNGS
Main symptoms and signs
Coughing of blood-streaked phlegm or fresh red
blood, with the blood seeming to gush out in severe
cases, pain in the chest and hypochondri head-
ache, dizziness, irritability, restlessness and irascibil-
ity, and dry mouth with a bitter taste . The tongue
body is red with a thin yellow coating, the pulse is
wiry and rapid . This pattern is seen at all stages of
primary and metastasized lung cancer.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Clear the Liver and drain the Lungs, cool the Blood
and stop bleeding.
Prescription
DAI GE SAN HE XIE BAI SAN JIA JIAN
Indigo and Clamshell Powder Combined With
White-Draining Powder, with modifications
fling Dai (Indigo N aturalis) l Og
Hai Ge Key (Concha Meretricis seu Cyclinae) l Og
Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis) I Og
Di GA Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis) 1 Og
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Jing Mi (Oryza Sativa 30g
Explanation
• Qing Dai (Indigo Naturalis) and Hai Ge Ket
(Concha Meretricis seu Cyclinae) cool the Liver
and stop bleeding.
• Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis), Di Gu
Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis) and Gan Cao (Radix
Glycyrrhizae) clear Heat and drain the Lungs.

ted to the • Jing Mi (Oryza Sativa) harmonizes and nour-
point on ishes the Stomach to drain Heat in the Lungs
ung-Heat, without damaging the Spleen and Stomach .
ps cough-
Modifications and alternatives
the exte- 1 . For severe coughing of blood, add Ou Jie
(Nodus Nelumbinis Nuciferae Rhizomatis) log,
the Lung Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) 10g,
Han Lian Cao (Herba Ecliptae Prostratae) log,
and Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindri-
NGS cae) 15g to enhance the effect in cooling the
Blood and stopping bleeding.
2. For dizziness and red eyes, add Dai Zhe Shit
fresh red (Haematitum) 30g, decocted for 30 minutes
t in severe before adding the other ingredients, Long Dan
im, head- Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae) 6g and Zhi Zi
s irascibil- (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 6g to clear
ie tongue Heat and calm the Liver.
.e pulse is 3. For incessant, profuse bleeding, use San Qi Fen
stages of (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 3g, taken with wa-
ter, or Yun Nan Bai Yao (Yunnan White), two
0.25g capsules each time .
4. Where exuberant Fire forces the Blood to move
with it, resulting in expectoration of mouthfuls
of fresh red blood, the treatment principle
the Blood should be changed to clearing Heat and cooling
the Blood. Prescribe Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang
(Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction)
in these circumstances .
LAN
ied With Ingredients
is
Shui Niu Jiao (Cornu Bubali, powdered) 15g, in-
fused in the prepared decoction
~) log Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 30g
g Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 12g
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 9g
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
u Ge Ket Clear the Liver and drain Fire, cool the Blood and
the Liver stop bleeding.
Points : LR-2 Xingjian, LR-14 Qimen, LU-5 Chize,
s), Di Gu
ao (Radix LU-10 Yuji, PC-6 Neiguan, LU-6 Kongzui, and
BL-17 Geshu .
Lungs.
HEMORRHAGE 275
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
ducing method . Retain the needles for 20 minutes.
Cupping therapy can be applied at BL-17 Geshu .
Explanation
• LR-2 Xingjian and LU-10 Yuji, the ying (spring)
points of the Lung and Liver channels, clear
and drain Fire in the Liver and Lungs .
• LR-14 Qimen dredges the Liver and drains Fire .
LU-5 Chize and LU-6 Kongzui, the r i (son) and
xi (cleft) points on the Lung channel, drain
Lung-Fire and stop coughing and bleeding.
PC-6 Neiguan loosens the chest and regulates
Qi.
• BL-17 Geshu, the hui (meeting) point of the
Blood, cools the Blood and stops bleeding .
EFFULGENT YIN DEFICIENCY FIRE
Main symptoms and signs
Cough with scant phlegm, expectoration of fresh
red blood or blood-streaked phlegm, or continuous
expectoration of blood or dry cough without
phlegm, reddening of the cheeks in the afternoon,
dry mouth and throat, irritability and a sensation of
heat in the chest, palms and soles, tidal fever, and
t sweating The tongue body is red and dry with
a scant coating or no coating ; the pulse is thready
and rapid, forceless at the cubit (chi) pulse. This
pattern is seen at all stages of primary and metasta-
sized lung cancer.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Enrich Yin and bear Fire downward, cool the Blood
and stop bleeding.
Prescription
BAI HE GU JIN TANG JIA JIAN
Lily Bulb Decoction for Consolidating Metal, with
modifications
Bai He (Bulbus Lilii) 1Og
Mai Men Doug (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 1 Og
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) log

Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 1 Og
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae.Ningpoensis) IOg
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 1Og
Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) I Og
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Explanation
• Bai He (Bulbus I .ilii) and Mai Men Dong (Radix
Ophiopogonis Japonici) enrich Yin and moisten
Dryness.
• Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita), Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae
Glutinosae) and Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae
Ningpoensis) enrich Yin and clear Heat.
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Bai
Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) nourish the
Blood and emolliate the Liver.
Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) and
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) transform Phlegm
and stop coughing.
Modifications and alternatives
1. For severe coughing of blood, add Bai Mao Gen
(Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae) 30g, Ou Jie
(Nodus Nelumbinis Nuciferae Rhizomatis) 10g,
Han Lian Cao (Herba Ecliptae Prostratae) 10g,
and Ce Bai Ye (Cacumen Biotae Orientalis) 10g
to cool the Blood and stop bleeding.
2. Adding Bai JI (Rhizoma Bletillae Striatae) 10g
to the prescription helps to constrain the Lungs,
stop bleeding, disperse swelling and generate
flesh.
3. For exuberant Heat, add Zhi Mu (Rhizoma
Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) 10g and Huang
Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 10g to drain
Lung-Heat .
4 . For Blood stasis obstructing the network vessels
of the Lungs, add Hua Rid Shit (Ophicalcitum)
10g and SanQi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng)
6g, taken with water, to stop bleeding and
transform Blood stasis .
5. Depletion and Deficiency of Qi and Yin of the
Lungs and Kidneys, manifesting as cough,
blood-streaked phlegm, dizziness, blurred vision,
tinnitus, limpness and aching in the lower back
and knees, and a deep and thready pulse, should
be treated by augmenting Qi and supplementing
the Kidneys, nourishing Yin and moistening the
Lungs .
Da Bu Y an Jian (Major Origin-Supplementing
Brew) is used to augment Qi and supplement
the Kidneys, with the addition of Bai He
(Bulbus Lilii) 10g, Mai Men Dong (Radix
Ophiopogonis Japonici) 10g and h'u Zhu (Rhi-
zoma Polygonati Odorati) 10g to nourish Yin
and moisten the Lungs, or Han L ian Cao (Herba
Ecliptae Prostratae) 10g and Xian He Cao
(Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) lOg to quiet the
network vessels and stop bleeding.
6. For depletion and Deficiency of Kidney Yin
and Deficiency-Fire stirring internally, add Zhi
Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis)
1 Og and Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 1 Og to
strengthen Yin and clear Fire.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Enrich Yin and bear Fire downward, cool the Blood
and stop bleeding.
Points : LU-7 Lieque, KI-6 Zhaohai, BL-13 Feishu,
KI-3 Taixi, SP-6 Sanyinjiao, CV 22 Tiantu, LU-1
Zhongfu, and LU-10 Yuji .
Technique: Use filiform needles and apply the
even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
Explanation
LU-7 Lieque and KI-6 Zhaohai, both of which
are jiao hui (confluence) points of the eight ex-
traordinary vessels, nourish Lung Yin to stop
coughing.
• Combining BL-13 Feishu and LU-1 Zhongfu,
the back-shu and front-rnu points related to the
Lungs, with CV 22 Tiantu and LU-10 Yuji
regulates Lung Qi and stops coughing and
bleeding.
• KI-3 Tai-.,d and SP-6 Sanyinjiao are important
points for enriching Yin.


HEMORRHAGE 277

lse, should QI DEFICIENCY Modifications

)lementing 1 . For severe coughing of blood, add Xian He Cao
Main symptoms and signs (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) 30g, Bai Ji* (Rhi-
>tening the Expectoration of blood-streaked phlegm or spitting zoma Bletillae Striatae) 15g, E Jiaot (Gelatinum
of fresh red blood with or without coughing, dizzi- Corii Asini) 15g, and San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis
plementing ness, tinnitus, palpitations, a lusterless facial com-
upplement Notoginseng) 3g to stop bleeding by promoting
plexion, mental and physical fatigue, cold limbs, and contraction and nourishing the Blood .
f Bai He aversion to cold . The tongue body is pale with a 2. In the absence of Cold signs (no cold limbs or
ng (Radix thin white coating; the pulse is deficient and thready. aversion to cold), remove Rou Gui (Cortex Cin-
Zhu (Rhi- This pattern is seen at all stages of primary and namomi Cassiae) .
)urish Yin metastasized lung cancer.
.ao (Herba
z He Cao ACUPUNCTURE
HERBAL MEDICINE
quiet the Treatment principle
Treatment principle Augment Qi and contain the Blood, fortify the
idney Yin Augment Qi and contain the Blood, fortify the Spleen and nourish the Blood .
l; add Zhi Spleen and nourish the Blood .
iodeloidis) Points: ST 36 Zusanli, BL-20 Pishu, CV-4 Guanyuan,
Prescription LU-9 Taiyuan, BL-13 Feishu, LU-1 Zhongfu, and
lri) 10g to ZHENG YANG LI LAO TANG JIA JIAN CV 17 Danzhong.
Decoction for Rescuing Yang and Regulating Taxa-
tion, with modifications Technique: Use filiform needles and apply the re-
inforcing method. Retain the needles for 20-30
Ben Shen (Radix Ginseng) 10g, decocted separately minutes. Moxibustion can be performed after acu-
for at least 60 minutes and added to the prepared puncture, if required .
the Blood decoction
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g Explanation
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
13 Feishu, • Combining BL-13 Feishu and LU-1 Zhongfu,
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g the front-mu and back-shu points related to the
itu, LU-1 Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Lungs, with LU-9 Taiyuan, the yuan (source)
Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) 6g, added point of the Lung channel, and CV 17 Dan-
5 minutes before the end of the decoction process zhong, the hui (meeting) point of Qi, supple-
apply the Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g
minutes . ments Lung Qi to contain the Blood .
• ST 36 Zusanli and BL-20 Pishu fortify the
Explanation Spleen and supplement Qi to enrich the source
• Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) and Huang Qi (Radix of generation and transformation of Qi and
of which Astragali seu Hedysari) augment Qi and contain Blood.
eight ex- the Blood . • CV-4 Guanyuan supplements Original Qi (Yuan
n to stop • Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) Qi) .
and Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) fortify the
Zhongfu, Spleen and augment Qi. OTHER PATTERNS
ted to the • Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) nourishes
J-10 Yuji and harmonizes the Blood. • Massive hemorrhage followed by dizziness,
hing and • Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) regulates shortness of breath, feeling flustered, irritable and
Qi and harmonizes the Middle Burner. restless, profuse sweating, cold limbs, a pallid facial
important Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) warms complexion, and a faint and rapid pulse are all
the Middle Burner and reinforces Yang. manifestations of a critical pattern known as Qi

deserting with the Blood . Since Blood, which has a
material form, cannot be generated rapidly ; Qi,
which does not have a material form, should be
consolidated first. In other words, give priority to
augmenting Qi in cases of Blood desertion . This
can be achieved by supplementing Qi, returning
Yang and stemming desertion by administration of
Du Shen Tang (Pure Ginseng Decoction), made by
decocting 100-200m1 of liquid from 10-15g of Ben
Shen (Radix Ginseng) and giving it to the patient in
frequent small doses or by force-feeding .
• Shortness of breath, mental fatigue, dry mouth
and throat, spontaneous sweating and reddening of
the cheeks, red lips and tongue with scant saliva,
and a thready and rapid pulse is a pattern of Yang
straying due to Yin Deficiency. Sheng Mai San Jia Wei
(Pulse-Generating Powder, with additions) should
be administered immediately to augment Qi and
rescue Yin, and settle and absorb floating Yang .
Ingredients
Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) 1 Og
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 1 Og
Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) 6g
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) 10g
Long Gut (Os Draconis) 30g
Mu LA (Concha Ostreae) 30g
GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE
Bleeding may occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal
tract; hemorrhage in the upper part is likely to
manifest as hematemesis, whereas hemorrhage in
the lower part generally manifests as blood in the
stool - either as the passage of fresh blood (hema-
tochezia) or tarry stools due to altered blood
(melena) . Gastrointestinal hemorrhage is a common
feature of malignant tumors .
HEMATEMESIS
In this condition, the blood is vomited from a
source in the stomach or esophagus . The blood is
usually bright red or dark purple in color, and con-
tains food residue . Blood altered by reaction with
gastric acid results in "coffee-ground" vomitus .
Hematemesis is frequently seen with primary
liver cancer (hepatoma), or may arise as a result of
complications associated with cirrhosis of the liver
or carcinomatous thrombosis in the portal vein
leading to portal hypertension, or may be due to
varices in the esophagus and the fundus of the
stomach, or result from tumor necrosis or vessel
erosion in gastric cancer.
Hematemesis may also be induced by impairment
of the liver function, which decreases the synthesis
of blood coagulation factors, and by inappropriate
treatment, such as overdosage of chemotherapeutic
agents or materia medica for invigorating the Blood
and transforming Blood stasis, which may decrease
the number of platelets and reduce their function .
Etiology and pathology
TCM considers that vomiting of blood can be at-
tributed to a number of causes :
• Many cancer patients suffer from emotional
stress . Emotional problems causing internal damage
or sudden violent anger damaging the Liver leads to
Fire stirring in the interior and ascending counter-
flow of Qi or transverse counterflow of Liver Qi
invading the Stomach and damaging the network
vessels of the Stomach .
• A prolonged illness, such as a growing malignant
tumor, or overwork impairs the Spleen's regulating
and containing function ; Qi will no longer be able
to govern the Blood, which then spills out to the
exterior.
• When Heat is retained in the channels, Fire will
stir in the Stomach .
• Cold due to Qi Deficiency in the Middle Burner
hampers the containment function .
• Exuberant Yin repelling Yang prevents Fire
from returning to its origin and allows it to flame
upward .
Pattern identification and
treatment principles
All the patterns below are seen in the intermediate


HEMORRHAGE 279

dtus. and late stages of primary liver, nasopharyngeal and (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) and Chuan Niu Xi
primary stomach cancers and metastatic liver cancer . Pat- (Radix Cyathulae Officinalis) invigorate the
result of terns should be clearly identified as Deficiency or Blood and dissipate Blood stasis .
the liver Excess, Cold or Heat, and treated by supplementing • Hai Piao Xiaot (Os Sepiae seu Sepiellae) pro-
,rtal vein Deficiency and draining Excess. motes contraction and stops bleeding .
-e due to • Da Ji (Herba seu Radix Cirsii Japonici), Xiao Ji
s of the HEAT ACCUMULATING IN THE STOMACH (Herba Cephalanoploris seu Cirsii), Ce Bai Ye
or vessel (Cacumen Biotae Orientalis), and San Qi Fen
Main symptoms and signs (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) cool the Blood
.pairment A sensation of scorching heat in the stomach with and stop bleeding.
synthesis distension and pain, nausea, vomiting of relatively
propriate large amounts of purplish-red or coffee-colored ACUPUNCTURE
.erapeutic blood, a dry mouth, bad breath, a liking for cold
he Blood food and drink, and tarry stools . The tongue body is Treatment principle
decrease red with a yellow and greasy coating ; the pulse is Clear the Stomach and drain Fire, transform Blood
Lnction . slippery and rapid . stasis and stop bleeding .
Points : ST 44 Neiting, CV 12 Zhongwan, ST-34
HERBAL MEDICINE Liangqiu, PC-6 Neiguan, BL-21 Weishu, ST-21
Treatment principle Liangmen, and SP-4 Gongsun.
an be at- Clear the Stomach and drain Fire, transform Blood Technique: Use filiform needles and apply the re-
stasis and stop bleeding . ducing method. Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
:motional
l damage Prescription utes.
r leads to XIE XIN TANG JIA JIAN
counter- Decoction for Draining the Heart, with modifica- Explanation
Liver Qi tions Combining ST 44 Neiting and ST-34 Liangqiu,
network the ying (spring) and xi (cleft) points of the
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 1 Og Stomach channel, clears the Stomach and drains
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 1 Og Fire .
nalignant Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 1 Og
regulating • PC-6 Neiguan and SP-4 Gongsun, both of
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 10g which are jiao hui (confluence) points of the
r be able Hai Piao Xiaot (Os Sepiae seu Sepiellae) 1Og
ut to the eight extraordinary vessels, regulate the func-
Chuan Niu Xi (Radix Cyathulae Officinalis) 1 Og tional activities of Qi in the Stomach and Intes-
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 1 Og tines, drain Fire and transform Blood stasis .
Fire will Da Ji (Herba seu Radix Cirsii Japonici) 1 Og • CV 12 Zhongwan and BL-21 Weishu, the
Xiao Ji (Herba Cephalanoploris seu Cirsii) 10g front-mu and back-shu points related to the
le Burner Ce Bai Ye (Cacumen Biotae Orientalis) 10g Stomach, regulate Qi and boost the Stomach .
San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 6g, infused • ST 21 Liangmen, the .xi (cleft) point of the
;nts Fire in the prepared decoction
to flame Stomach channel, stops bleeding .

Explanation LIVER-FIRE ATTACKING THE STOMACH

• Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), Huang Lian
(Rhizoma Coptidis) and Huang Pin (Radix
Scutellariae Baicalensis) clear and drain Heat in
the interior.
• Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis), Chi Shao
.rmediate
Main symptoms and signs
Vomiting of bright red or purplish-red blood, a dry
mouth with a bitter taste, pain in the hypochon
drium, irritability, insomnia, dry stools, and yellow

280 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
urine . The tongue body is dark red with a yellow
coating; the pulse is wiry and rapid.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Clear the Liver and drain Fire, harmonize the
Stomach and stop bleeding.
Prescription
DAN ZHI XIAO YAO SAN JIA JIAINT
Moutan and Gardenia Free Wanderer Powder, with
modifications
Da Hi,ang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) IOg
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 1 Og
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 1 Og
Hiiang Oin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) lOg
Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae) 6g
Dang G/11'(Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Chaff Ha (Radix Bupleuri) 1 Og
Chuan Niu Xi (Radix Cyathulae Officinalis) 1 Og
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 6g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 10g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 1 Og
Bai Ji* (Rhizoma Bletillae Striatae) 10g
Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) 1 Og
San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 6g, infused
in the prepared decoction
Explanation
• Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), Huang Oin
(Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis), uai,g Lion
(Rhizoma Coptidis), and Long Dan Cao (Radix
Angelicae Sinensis) clear the Liver and drain Fire .
• Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) and Dang
Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) nourish the
Blood and emolliate the Liver.
• 11.1u Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis), She,ig Di
Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae), Chi .Sao
(Radix Paeoniae Rubra), Bob Jz* (Rhizoma Bletil-
lae Striatae), San,Oi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notogin-
seng), and Chi,an Niu Xi (Radix Cyathulae
Officinalis) cool the Blood, stop bleeding and
dissipate Blood stasis.
• Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) dredges the Liver
and regulates Qi .
• C hai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) conducts the other in-
gredients to the Liver.
,A1 CUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Clear the Liver and drain Fire, harmonize the
Stomach and stop bleeding.
Points : LR-3 Taichong, ST-44 Neiting, BL-1 8 Ganshu,
BL-21 Weishu, LR-2 Xingjian, PC-6 Neiguan, and
CV 12 Zhongwan .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
ducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes.
Explanation
• Combining LR-3 Taichong and LR-2 Xingjian,
the_yuan (source) and ying (spring) points of the
Liver channel, with BL-18 Ganshu, the back-shu
point related to the Liver, clears and drains
Liver-Fire.
• Combining ST-44 Neiting, the ying (spring)
point of the Stomach channel, with BL-21
Weishu and CV 12 Zhongwan, the back-smu and
./ points related to the Stomach, harmo-
front-u
nizes the Stomach and stops bleeding .
• PC-6 Neiguan loosens the chest, harmonizes
the Stomach, dredges the Liver and regulates Qi
to stop bleeding.
DEFICIENCY HEAT IN THE SPLEEN
AND STOMACH
Main symptoms and signs
Focal distension and oppression in the chest and
stomach, nausea, blood-streaked vomit, a lusterless
facial complexion, and tar n, stools . The tongue
body is pale with a yellow and greasy coating ; the
pulse is threads and rapid .
.HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Harmonize the Stomach and bear counterflow
downward, cool the Blood and stop bleeding.

Prescription
BAN XIA XIE XIN TANG JIA JIAN
Pinellia Decoction for Draining the Heart, with
modifications
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata)
10g
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) I Og
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) I Og
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 1 Og
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) log
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae) 15g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 10g
Chuan Niu Xi (Radix Cyathulae Officinalis) 10g
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) l Og
Bai Ja* (Rhizoma Bletillae Striatae) log
Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) 1 Og
Di Yu Tan (Radix Sanguisorbae Officinalis Carboni-
sata) 1Og
San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 6g, infused
in the prepared decoction
Explanation
• Fa-Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Prae-
parata) harmonizes the Stomach and bears
counterflow downward .
• Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), Huang Qin
(Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) and Huang Lian
xmonuzes
(Rhizoma Coptidis) clear and drain Stomach-
Fire.
;elates Qi
• Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) cools the
Blood and dissipates Blood stasis .
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyl-
.EN
lae) augments Qi and supports Vital Qi (Zheng
Qi)
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Bai
.best and Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) nourish the
lusterless Blood and emolliate the Liver .
e tongue • Chuan Niu Xi (Radix Cyathulae Officinalis), Bai
ating ; the Ji* (Rhizoma Bletillae Striatae), Di Yu Tan
(Radix Sanguisorbae Officinalis Carbonisata),
and San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng)
dissipate Blood stasis and stop bleeding .
• Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) regulates Qi and
harmonizes the Stomach .
znterflow
'1g.
HEMORRHAGE 281
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Harmonize the Stomach and bear counterflow
downward, cool the Blood and stop bleeding .
Points : BL-20 Pishu, LR 13 Zhangmen, BL-21 Weishu,
CV 12 Zhongwan, ST 36 Zusanli, SP-6 Sanyinjiao,
and ST 21 Liangmen .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the
even method. Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
Explanation
• BL-20 Pishu, BL-21 Weishu, LR-13 Zhangmen
and CV 12 Zhongwan, the back-tu and
front-mu points related to the Spleen and
Stomach, fortify the Spleen and harmonize the
Stomach.
• ST-21 Liangmen, the xi (cleft) point of the
Stomach channel, stops bleeding.
• ST 36 Zusanli and SP-6 Sanyinjiao enrich
Spleen and Stomach Yin and stop bleeding by
clearing Deficiency-Heat.
DAMP-HEAT IN THE LIVER AND
GALLBLADDER
Main symptoms and signs
Distension and pain in the hypochondrium, disten-
sion and pain or severe pain and tenderness in the
abdomen, vomiting of purplish-red or bright red
blood, a bitter taste in the mouth, yellow eyes, yel-
low or reddish urine, and dry stools. The tongue
body is dark red with a yellow and greasy coating,
the pulse is wiry, or slippery and rapid .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Clear Heat, benefit the movement of Dampness
and stop bleeding.
Prescription
LONG DAN XIE GAN TANG JIA JIAN
Chinese Gentian Decoction for Draining the Liver,
with modifications

282 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae) 10g
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) lOg
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 1 Og
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 1 Og
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 1 Og
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) I Og
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 1 Og
Bai Ji* (Rhizoma Bletillae Striatae) I Og
Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) 1 Og
San Oi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 6g, infused
in the prepared decoction
Explanation
• Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae), Huang
Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis), Da Huang
(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), and Huang Lian (Rhi-
zoma Coptidis) clear and drain Liver-Heat .
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis), Chi Shao
(Radix Paeoniae Rubra), Bai Ji* (Rhizoma
Bletillae Striatae), and San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis
Notoginseng) cool the Blood, dissipate Blood
stasis and stop bleeding.
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) and Zhi Ke (Fructus
Citri Aurantii) dredge the Liver and regulate Qi .
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Clear Heat, benefit the movement of Dampness
and stop bleeding .
Points : CV 12 Zhongwan, SP-9 Yinlingquan, GB-34
Yanglingquan, BL-18 Ganshu, BL-19 Danshu,
BL-20 Pishu, BL-21 Weishu, LR-3 Taichong, and
GB-40 Qiuxu .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
ducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes .
Explanation
• BL-18 Ganshu, BL-19 Danshu, BL-20 Pishu
and BL-21 Weishu, the back-shu points related
to the Liver, Gallbladder, Spleen and Stomach,
regulate the functional activities of Qi in these
four organs.
• SP-9 Yinlingquan fortifies the Spleen to benefit
the movement of Dampness .
• Combining GB-34 Yanglingquan, the xia he
(lower uniting) point of the Gallbladder, with
LR-3 Taichong and GB-40 Qiuxu, the yuan
(source) points of the Liver and Gallbladder
channels, clears the Liver and drains the Gall-
bladder to benefit the movement of Dampness .
CV 12 Zhongwan, the front-nzu point of the
Stomach, harmonizes the Stomach and stops
bleeding.
SPLEEN QI DEFICIENCY
Main symptoms and signs
A prolonged illness and constant vomiting of vary-
ing amounts of blood, black stools, dull or distend-
ing pain in the hypochondrium, fatigue and lack of
strength, and a pallid complexion . The tongue body
is pale and enlarged with a thin white coating ; the
pulse is soggy and thready .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and contain the Blood .
Prescription
GUI PI TANG JIA JIAN
Spleen-Returning Decoction, with modifications
Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) 10g, decocted separately
for at least 60 minutes and added to the prepared
decoction
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Bai Ji* (Rhizoma Bletillae Striatae) I Og
Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) 1 Og
Di Yu Tan (Radix Sanguisorbae Officinalis Carboni-
sata) 10g
San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 6g, infused
in the prepared decoction
E Jiaot (Gelatinum Corii Asini) IOg
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 15g


HEMORRHAGE 283

)i in these Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) IOg • ST 36 Zusanli augments Qi and supplements
Wu Yao (Radix Linderae Strychnifoliae) 1 Og the Blood.
to benefit Xue Yu Tann (Crinis Carbonisatus Hominis) I Og • CV 12 Zhongwan and CV 17 Danzhong regu-
Zao Xin Tu (Terra Flava Usta) 30g, decocted sepa- late Qi in the Upper and Middle Burners to
he xia he rately stop bleeding.
Ider, with • CV -4 Guanyuan supplements Original Qi (Yuan
the yuan Explanation Qi) to generate Qi in the Middle Burner .
;allbladder • Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng), Huang Qi (Radix
the Gall- Astragali seu Hedysari), Bai Zhu (Rhizoma
)ampness . QI DEBILITATION AND BLOOD
Atractylodis Macrocephalae), Fu Ling
nt of the DEFICIENCY
(Sclerotium Poriae Cocos), and Da Zao (Fructus
and stops Ziziphi Jujubae) fortify the Spleen and augment Main symptoms and signs
Qi . Drop in blood pressure following massive vomiting
• Zao Xin Tu (Terra Flava Usta) warms the Spleen
of blood, a pallid facial complexion, beads of cold
and Stomach to stop bleeding. sweat, and cold limbs . The tongue body is pale with
Bai Jz* (Rhizoma Bletillae Striatae), Di Yu Tan
a white coating; the pulse is thready and may be
(Radix Sanguisorbae Officinalis Carbonisata)
g of vary- verging on expiry.
and San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng)
)r distend- dissipate Blood stasis and stop bleeding .
ed lack of • E Jiaoo (Gelatinum Corii Asini) and Xue Yu Tan$ HERBAL MEDICINE
ngue body (Crinis Carbonisatus Hominis) nourish the
Dating; the Blood and stop bleeding. Treatment principle
• Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) and Wu Yao Augment Qi and stem desertion .
(Radix Linderae Strychnifoliae) regulate Qi and Prescription
harmonize the Stomach . SHEN FU TANG JIA JIAN
• Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) Ginseng and Aconite Decoction, with modifica-
warms the Kidneys and reinforces Yang .
tions

ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION Ben Shen (Radix Ginseng) 10g, decocted separately
for at least 60 minutes
Treatment principle
cations Fu Zz* (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli Praepa-
Augment Qi and contain the Blood .
rata) 10g, decocted separately for 30-60 minutes
separately San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 6g, infused
Points : BL-20 Pishu, LR-13 Zhangmen, ST-36
prepared Zusanli, CV 12 Zhongwan, CV-4 Guanyuan, and in the combined decoctions of the other two herbs
CV17 Danzhong. when ready
5g
halae) 15g Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
inforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 Explanation
minutes. Moxibustion can be performed after acu- Ben Shen (Radix Ginseng) and Fu Zz* (Radix
puncture, if required . Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli Praeparata) strongly
s Carboni- warm and supplement Original Qi and Yang.
Explanation • When combined with SanQi Fen (Pulvis Radicis
5g, infused BL-20 Pishu and LR-13 Zhangmen, the Notoginseng), the prescription stops bleeding
back-shu and front-mu points related to the to strengthen the effect in stemming desertion .
Spleen, fortify the Spleen, supplement Qi and In those countries where Fu Zi* (Radix Lateralis
contain the Blood. Aconiti Carmichaeli Praeparata) is not allowed for

284 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
internal use, the following alternative formula may
be substituted :
Du Shen Tang (Pure Ginseng Decoction), made by
decocting 100-200m1 of liquid from 10-15g of Ren
Shen (Radix Ginseng) and giving it to the patient in
frequent small doses or by force-feeding .
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and stem desertion to stop bleeding .
Points : GV 26 Shuigou, GV 20 Baihui, CV -4
Guanyuan, ST-36 Zusanli, CV-12 Zhongwan, and
CV 17 Danzhong.
Technique : Using filiform needles, apply the
sparrow-pecking method at GV 26 Shuigou and the
reinforcing method at CV-12 Zhongwan and CV-17
Danzhong. Apply intense moxibustion at GV 20
Baihui, CV-4 Guanyuan and ST-36 Zusanli until
warmth returns to the limbs and the pulse is felt .
Explanation
• GV 26 Shuigou opens the orifices and arouses
the Spirit .
• CV 12 Zhongwan and CV 17 Danzhong regu-
late Qi and contain the Blood .
• Applying intense moxibustion at GV 20 Baihui,
CV -4 Guanyuan and ST-36 Zusanli returns
Yang, stems counterflow and stems desertion .
Note : Yun Nan Bai Yao (Yunnan White), dissolved
in warm water, can be used in all the above patterns .
Take 3g of the powder from the capsules for the
first dose, then take one or two 0 .25g capsules every
2-4 hours . When combined with Da Huang Tan
(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Carbonisatae), it stops
bleeding, relieves Toxicity and transforms Blood
stasis . Yun Nan Bai Yao (Yunnan White) can also be
used in combination with materia medica for aug-
menting Qi and nourishing the Blood to reduce
gastrointestinal bleeding in liver diseases and pre-
vent post-hemorrhage complications .
HEMAFECIA
Blood in the stool may be the first symptom of a
malignant tumor in the colon or rectum . Initially,
small amounts of blood can be seen on the surface
of the stool or are admixed with the stool . As the
disease develops, the amount of blood gradually in-
creases and is accompanied by altered bowel habit,
abdominal pain and tenesmus . By the time that
weight loss, anemia and emaciation occur, it is likely
that the cancer is already at an advanced stage . The
stool may be mixed with pus or mucus and may
have a fishy smell . Bleeding due to cancer should be
differentiated from bleeding due to hemorrhoids,
inflammatory bowel disease, and infections such as
bacterial dysentery or campylobacter enteritis .
Blood in the stool can also be caused by invasion
of the lower gastrointestinal tract by advanced pel-
vic cancer penetrating the bowel wall. It may be
possible to distinguish this type of hemorrhage
from bleeding due to primary tumors of the bowel
based on the medical history and clinical symptoms
and signs. Pelvic radiotherapy can cause radiation
proctitis, which also results in bleeding.
In TCM, evacuation of blood from the anus,
whether before or after defecation, mixed with the
feces or passed on its own, is known as bian xue
(blood in the stool) . This term appeared as early as
1174 in San Yin Fang [Formulae for the Three
Categories of Etiological Factors] in the chapter en-
titled Bian Xue Zheng Lun [On Blood in the Stool],
which said : "Blood in the stool may be clear or tur-
bid, bright red or black, and may come before or
after defecation or together with the waste matter ."
fin Kui. Yao Lue [Synopsis of the Golden Cham-
ber] divided blood in the stool into distal and
proximal bleeding. This was further discussed in the
chapter on bleeding patterns in Jing Yue Quan Shu
[The Complete Works of Zhang Jingyue], which
stated : "Bleeding before defecation is proximal
bleeding, with the blood coming from the rectum
or anus ; bleeding after defecation is distal bleeding,
with the blood coming from the small intestine or
stomach."


HEMORRHAGE 285

However, distinguishing between bleeding before HERBAL MEDICINE

or after defecation is not a very useful criterion for
Treatment principle
diagnosis, since in many instances the blood is
Clear Heat and transform Dampness, cool the
'tom of a mixed with the stool . Color is usually a better indi-
Blood and stop bleeding .
i. Initially, cator of whether bleeding is distal or proximal . If
ie surface the blood is bright red, it has a proximal origin ; if it Prescription
:)l. As the is purple or dark-colored, it has a distal origin . DI YU SAN HE HUAI JIAO WAN JIA JIAN
idually in- Sanguisorba Powder Combined With Pagoda Tree
wel habit, Fruit Pill, with modifications
Etiology and pathology
time that Di Yu (Radix Sanguisorbae Officinalis) 1 Og
it is likely Spleen and Stomach Deficiency causes failure of Qian Cao Gen (Radix Rubiae Cordifoliae) 6g
stage . The the transportation and transformation function, Huai Jiao (Fructus Sophorae Japonicae) 1 Og
and may thus generating Damp-Heat internally, which pours Zbi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 6g
should be downward and obstructs the Blood vessels and HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 10g
iorrhoids, network vessels of the Stomach and Intestines . Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 6g
is such as Tumors may also damage these vessels . Cancer may Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
itis. lead to Spleen and Stomach Deficiency-Cold ; the Fang Feng (Radix Ledebouriellae Divaricatae) 1 Og
V invasion Spleen therefore cannot control the Blood, which Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) 1 Og
tnced pel- spills out of the vessels and results in bleeding . Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
t may be
morrhage
the bowel
Pattern identification and Explanation
• Di Yu (Radix Sanguisorbae Officinalis), Huai
ymptoms treatment principles Jiao (Fructus Sophorae Japonicae) and Qian Cao
radiation
The patterns below are seen in primary or metas- Gen (Radix Rubiae Cordifoliae) clear Heat, cool
the Blood and stop bleeding .
the anus, tatic liver, colorectal and stomach cancer at all stages .
The two major patterns seen in the clinic are • Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis), Huang
I with the Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) and Huang
> bian xue Damp-Heat in the Intestines and Deficiency-Cold
in the Spleen and Stomach . Cold and Heat and De- Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) clear Heat and dry
is early as Dampness, drain Fire and relieve Toxicity.
ficiency and Excess must be clearly differentiated
he Three • Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) benefits the
when identifying patterns . Internal obstruction of
iapter en- movement of Dampness with bland percola-
Damp-Heat generally manifests as an Excess pat-
he Stool], tion.
tern, and should be treated principally by clearing
!ar or tur- • Fang Feng (Radix Ledebouriellae Divaricatae), Zhi
Heat and transforming Dampness . Deficiency-Cold
before or Ke (Fructus Cirri Aurantii) and Dang Gui (Radix
of the Spleen and Stomach, on the other hand, usu-
matter." Angelicae Sinensis) dredge Wind, regulate Qi
ally manifests as a Deficiency pattern, and should be
:n Cham- and invigorate the Blood .
treated by warming the Middle Burner and fortify-
listal and
ing the Spleen .
sed in the ACUPUNCTURE
Quan Shu
DAMP-HEAT IN THE INTESTINES Treatment principle
e], which
proximal Clear Heat and transform Dampness, cool the
Main symptoms and signs
ie rectum Blood and stop bleeding .
Fresh red blood in the stool, inhibited defecation or
bleeding, thin, loose stools, abdominal pain, and a bitter taste Points: ST 25 Tianshu, ST 36 Zusanli, ST-44 Neiting,
testine or in the mouth . The tongue body is red with a yellow SP-9 Yinlingquan, BL-25 Dachangshu, LI-11 Quchi,
and greasy coating, the pulse is soggy and rapid . and LI-4 Hegu .

Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
ducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes .
Explanation
• ST 25 Tianshu and BL-25 Dachangshu, the
back-shu and front-mu points related to the
Large Intestine, clear Heat and benefit the
movement of Dampness in the Large Intestine .
• LI-11 Quchi and LI-4 Hegu, the yuan (source)
and he (uniting) points related to the Large In-
testine, clear Heat and drain Fire, cool the
Blood and stop bleeding.
SP-9 Yinlingquan fortifies the Spleen and bene-
fits the movement of Dampness .
• ST 44 Neiting, the ying (spring) point of the
Stomach channel, dears Heat in the Stomach
and Intestines .
ST-36 Zusanli fortifies the transportation func-
tion of the Stomach and Intestine, and is often
selected to treat gastrointestinal diseases .
DEFICIENCY COLD IN THE SPLEEN
AND STOMACH
Main symptoms and signs
Dark purple or black blood in the stool, dull pain in
the abdomen, a liking for hot drinks, a lusterless
facial complexion, mental fatigue, little desire to
speak, and loose stools . The tongue body is pale
with a thin white coating the pulse is thready.
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and warm the Middle Burner,
nourish the Blood and stop bleeding.
Prescription
HUANG TU TANG JIA JIAN
Yellow Earth Decoction, with modifications
Zao Xin Tu (Terra Flava ; Usta) 30g, decocted sepa-
rately
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Fu Zi* (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli Praepa-
rata) 10g, decocted for 30-60 minutes before adding
the other ingredients
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
E Jiaot (Gelatinum Corii Asini) 10g, melted in the
prepared decoction
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) 15g
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 10g
Explanation
• Zao Xin Tu (Terra Flava Usta) warms the
Middle Burner and stops bleeding
• Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae),
Fu Zs* (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli
Praeparata) and Gan Cao (Radix, Glycyrrhizae)
warm the Middle Burner and fortify the Spleen .
• E Jiaot (Gelatinum Corn Asini) and Shu Di
Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita)
nourish theBlood and stop bleeding._
• Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)
strengthens Yin with coldness and bitterness to
play the role of a paradoxical assistant.
Modifications
1 . For profuse blood in _ the stool, add Bai Ji*
(Rhizoma Bletilla.e Striatae) lOg and Hai . Piao
Xiaot (Os Sepiae seu Sepiellae) 15g to promote
contraction and stop bleeding .
2 . For profuse blood in the stool accompanied by
Blood_ stasis and stagnation, add San Qi (Radix
Notoginseng) lOg and Hua Rui Shay (Ophicalci-
tum) to invigorate the Blood and stop bleeding.
3 . For relatively severe Yang Deficiency character-
ized-by aversion to cold and cold limbs, add Lu
Jiao Shuang~ (Cornu Cervi Degelatinatum) 10g,
melted into the prepared decoction, Pao Jiang
(Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Praeparata) 6g
and Ai Ye (Foliurn Artemisiae Argy), lOg to
warm Yang and stop bleeding .
Note : Fu Zi* (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli
Praeparata) may be replaced by Fu Pen Zi (Fructus
Rubi Chingii) 1'0g
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and warm the Middle Burner,
nourish the Blood and stop bleeding .
 HEMORRHAGE 287

Points: ST25 Tianshu, BL-20 Pishu, LR 13 Zhangrrien, examination of urine samples, or by biochemical
:ed in the BL-21 Weishu, ST-36 Zusanli, SP-3 Taibai, tests for blood using diagnostic reagents or test
CV- 12 Zhongwan, and CV-4 Guanyuan . strips .
)sae Con- In TCM, the presence of blood in the urine is di-
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re- vided into two categories - niao xue (bloody urine)
log inforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 describes a situation with no obvious pain during
minutes . Moxibustion can be performed after acu- urination, and xue lin (blood Lin syndrome) a situa-
puncture, if required . tion of dribbling, painful urination with blood . This
arms the section deals with the pattern identification and
Explanation treatment of niao xue only.
:ephalae), • ST-25 Tianshu, the front-ma point related to
irmichaeli the Large Intestine, benefits the Intestines to
stop bleeding. Etiology and pathology
cyrrhizae)
to Spleen. • BL-20 Pishu, BL-21 Weishu, LR-13 Zhangmen
When hematuria occurs, the Kidneys and Bladder
I Shu Di and CV 12 Zhongwan, the back-shu and
are always involved . The condition can be caused by
Conquita) front-mu points related to the Spleen and
Stomach, fortify the Spleen and harmonize the Excess-Heat or Deficiency-Heat damaging the
Blood vessels and network vessels. Excess-Heat is
iicalensis) Stomach .
caused by invasion of pathogenic Heat, for example
:erness to • ST-36 Zusanli augments Qi and supplements
the Blood, nourishes the Blood and stops bleed- in radiotherapy, which TCM considers as a type of
Heat Toxin . Deficiency-Heat is caused by irritability
ing.
and overexertion, which consume Essence and
• CV-4 Guanyuan cultivates and supplements
damage Yin, and by Deficiency of Vital Qi (Zheng
Original Qi (Yuan Qi) to warm the Middle
i Bai Ji* Qi), which allows pathogenic factors to linger . Can-
Burner.
Hai Mao cer strongly consumes Vital Qi leading to Defi-
• SP-3 Taibai, the yuan (source) point of the
promote ciency of Vital Qi and Excess of pathogenic fac-
Spleen channel, fortifies the Spleen and nour-
ishes the Blood . tors .
)anied by Dietary irregularities, damage due to overexertion,
2i (Radix debility in old age and enduring illnesses such as
)phicalci- cancer of the liver, stomach or rectum result in
)leeding. non-consolidation of the ' Spleen and Kidneys,
:haracter- leading to blood in the urine .
s, add Lu HEMATURIA Cancer patients often manifest with Spleen and
um) 10g, Kidney Deficiency. Spleen Deficiency results in in-
Pao Jiang The presence of blood or blood clots in the urine is sufficiency of Qi in the Middle Burner, failure to
arata) 6g known as hematuria . This may be frank, with mac- control the Blood and Blood sinking with Qi . Kid-
IOg to roscopic hematuria discoloring the urine pale red, ney Deficiency results in Deficiency of the Lower
bright red or brown depending on the amount of Origin and failure of the storage function, resulting
blood present. Intermittent hematuria without pain in blood being excreted with the urine.
rmichaeli
(Fructus may be caused by kidney, bladder, prostate or ure-
thral cancer and can be one of the first presenting
Pattern identification and
symptoms . Blood in the urine is also often seen in
primary or metastatic liver cancer, stomach cancer treatment principles
and cancer of the rectum, as well as in radiation
cystitis and non-malignant conditions such as uri- As with other bleeding patterns, Cold must be dif-
Burner, nary tract infection and glomerulonephritis . Micro- ferentiated from Heat, and Deficiency from Excess .
scopic hematuria can be identified by microscopic Excess-Heat should be treated by clearing Heat and

288 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
draining Fire, and Deficiency-Heat by enriching Yin
and bearing Fire downward . Deficiency-Cold of the
Spleen and Kidneys is a Deficiency pattern and can
be treated by warming the Kidneys and fortifying
the Spleen.
EXUBERANT HEAT IN THE LOWER
BURNER
Main symptoms and signs
Yellow or reddish urine with a sensation of heat
during urination or fresh blood in the urine, irrita-
bility, thirst, a red face, mouth ulcers, and insomnia .
The tongue body is red with a yellow and greasy
coating; the pulse is rapid .
HERBAL . MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and drain Fire, cool the Blood and stop
bleeding.
Prescription
XIAO JI YIN ZI JIA JIAN
Field Thistle Drink, with modifications
Xiao Ji (Herba Cephalanoploris seu Cirsii) 1 Og
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Ou Jie (Nodus Nelumbinis Nuciferae Rhizo-
matis) 15g
Pu Huang Tan (Pollen Typhae Carbonisatum) 1 Og
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 1 Og
Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) 6g
Dan Zhu Ye (Folium Lophatheri Gracilis) 10g
Hua Shit (Talcum) 30g, wrapped
Gan Cao (Radix Gly cyrrhizae) 6g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Explanation
• Xiao Ji (Herba Cephalanoploris seu Cirsii), Sheng
Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae), Oar
Jie (Nodus Nelumbinis Nuciferae Rhizomatis),
and Pu Huang Tan (Pollen Typhae Carbonisatum)
cool the Blood and stop bleeding.
• Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis), Tong
Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) and Dan
Zhu Ye (Folium Lophatheri Gracilis) clear Heat
and drain Fire .
• Hua Shit (Talcum) and Gan Cao (Radix Glycyr-
rhizae) benefit the movement of water, clear
Heat and guide Heat downward .
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) nourishes
and invigorates the Blood .
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and drain Fire, cool the Blood and stop
bleeding.
Points: BL-28 Pangguangshu, CV -3 Zhongji, BL-40
Weizhong, SP-6 Sanyinjiao, ST 25 Tianshu, BL-22
Sanjiaoshu, and PC-7 Daling.
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
ducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
Explanation
• Combining BL-28 Pangguangshu and CV-3
Zhongji, the back-shu and front-mu points re-
lated to the Bladder, with BL-40 Weizhong, the
xia he (lower uniting) point of the Bladder
channel, clears Heat and benefits the movement
of Dampness in the Bladder.
• ST-25 Tianshu and BL-22 Sanjiaoshu clear Heat
and benefit the movement of Dampness in the
Lower Burner.
• SP-6 Sanyinjiao fortifies the Spleen, promotes
urination and stops bleeding.
PC-7 Daling drains Fire and cools the Blood .
EFFULGENT FIRE DUE TO KIDNEY
DEFICIENCY
HERBAL MEDICINE
Main symptoms and signs
Short voidings of blood-streaked urine, dizziness,
tinnitus, mental fatigue, reddening of the cheeks,
tidal fever, and limpness and aching in the lower
back and knees . The tongue body is red with a scant
coating; the pulse is thready and rapid .


HEMORRHAGE 289

fear Heat Treatment principle Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the
Enrich Yin and bear Fire downward, cool the Blood even method. Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
x Glycyr- and stop bleeding.
iter, clear Explanation
Prescription
ZHI BAI DI HUANG WAN JIA JIAN • Combining BL-23 Shenshu and GB-25 Jingmen,
nourishes the back-shu and front-mu points related to the
Anemarrhena, Phellodendron and Rehmannia Pill,
Kidneys, with KI-3 Taixi and KI-7 Fuliu, im-
with modifications
portant points for enriching Yin throughout the
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g body, enriches and supplements Kidney Yin,
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 15g bears Fire downward and cools the Blood.
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 1 Og • BL-28 Pangguangshu and CV-3 Zhongji, the
and stop Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 30g back-shu and front-mu points related to the
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g Bladder, benefit the Bladder to stop bleeding.
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) 15g • SP-6 Sanyinjiao cools the Blood and stops
,ji, BL-40 bleeding.
.u, BL-22 Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) 1 Og
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 1 Og
THE SPLEEN FAILING TO CONTROL
ly the re- Explanation THE BLOOD
minutes . • Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae), Main symptoms and signs
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis), Mu Dan Blood in the urine in a prolonged illness, a lusterless
Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis), Shan Yao (Rhizoma facial complexion, fatigue and lack of strength,
nd CV-3 Dioscoreae Oppositae), Fu Ling (Sclerotium Po- shortness of breath, a low voice, possibly accompa-
Joints re- riae Cocos), and Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni nied by bleeding gums or a tendency to bruise easily .
hong, the Officinalis) enrich and supplement Kidney Yin. The tongue body is pale with a white coating ; the
Bladder Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) pulse is thready and weak .
iovement and Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) enrich Yin
and bear Fire downward. HERBAL MEDICINE
Gear Heat
ess in the Modification Treatment principle
To strengthen the effect of cooling the Blood and Supplement the Spleen and control the Blood, with
promotes stopping bleeding, add Han Lian Cao (Herba Eclip- modifications
tae Prostratae) 15g, Da Ji (Herba seu Radix Cirsii Prescription
Blood. Japonici) 30g, Xiao Ji (Herba Cephalanoploris seu GUI PI TANG JIA JIAN
Cirsii) 30g, Ou Jie (Modus Nelumbinis Nuciferae Spleen-Returning Decoction, with modifications
EY Rhizomatis) 15g, and Pu Huang Tan (Pollen Typhae
Carbonisatum) 10g. Bai Zbu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
ACUPUNCTURE
Long Yan Rou (Arillus Euphoriae Longanae) 15g
Treatment principle Suan Zao Ken (Semen 7iziphi Spinosae) 15g
dizziness, Enrich Yin and bear Fire downward, cool the Blood Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) 1Og, decocted separately
e cheeks, and stop bleeding. for at least 60 minutes and added to the prepared
decoction
he lower Points: BL-23 Shenshu, KI-3 Taixi, KI-7 Fuhu, Mu Xiang' (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 6g
h a scant BL-28 Pangguangshu, CV -3 Zhongji, SP-6 Sanyin- Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
jiao, and GB-25 Jingmen . Yuan Zhi (Radix Polygalae) 1 Og

290 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycy rrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) 6g
Explanation
• Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysan), Bai
Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae), Ren
Shen (Radix Ginseng), Mu Xiang* (Radix Auck-
landiae Lappae), and Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Gly-
cyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey) fortify the
Spleen and augment Qi to control the Blood .
Yuan Zhi (Radix Polygalae), Fu Ling (Sclerotium
Poriae Cocos) and Suan Zao Ren (Semen Ziziphi
Spinosae) quiet the Heart and Spirit .
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Long
Y7n Rou (Arillus Euphoriae Longanae) supple-
ment and nourish Heart-Blood .
Modifications
1 . To strengthen the effect in nourishing the Blood
and stopping bleeding, add Shu Di Huang (Radix
Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita) 10g, E Jiaot
(Gelatinum Corii Asini) 10g, melted into the
prepared decoction, Xian He Cao (Herba Agri-
moniae Pilosae) 15g, and Huai Hua (Flos
Sophorae Japonicae) 10g.
2. For Qi Deficiency fall and dragging distension
in the lower abdomen, add Sheng Ma (Rhizoma
Cimicifugae) 6g and Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri)
6g. In combination with Ren Shen (Radix Gin-
seng), Huang,i (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
and Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macro-
cephalae) from the original prescription, these
two herbs augment Qi and bear Yang upward .
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION
Treatment principle
Supplement the Spleen and control the Blood .
Points: BL-20 Pishu, ST-36 Zusanli, BL-28 Pang-
guangshu, CV-3 Zhongji, SP-6 Sanyinjiao, SP-3
Taibai, and CV 12 Zhongwan .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
inforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30
minutes . Moxibustion can be performed after acu-
puncture, if required .
Explanation
• Combining SP-3 Taibai, the yuan (source) point
of the Spleen channel, with BL-20 Pishu and
ST-36 Zusanli, fortifies the Spleen, supplements
Qi and contains the Blood .
• CV 12 Zhongwan regulates and supplements
Stomach Qi and supplements Spleen Qi .
• SP-6 Sanyinjiao stops bleeding .
• BL-28 Pangguangshu and CV-3 Zhongji, the
back-shu and front-nmu points related to the
Bladder, regulate Bladder Qi to stop bleeding.
NON-CONSOLIDATION OF KIDNEY QI
Main symptoms and signs
Pale red urine in an enduring illness, dizziness,
tinnitus, mental fatigue, and limpness and aching in
the spine and lower back . The tongue body is pale
with a white coating; the pulse is deep and weak .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Supplement and augment Kidney , consolidate
containment and stop bleeding .
Prescription
WU BI SHAN YAO WAN JIA JIAN
Matchless Chinese Yam Pill, with modifications
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) 1Og
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 30g
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) 10g
Huai Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) 15g
Rou Cong Rong (Herba Cistanches Deserticolae) 15g
• Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 15g
Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis) 15g
Ba Ji Tian (Radix Morindae Officinalis) 15g
• Ling (Sderotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Wlu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) 6g
Chi .Shi Zhit (Halloysitum Rubrum) 10g
Explanation
• Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita), Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Oppositae), Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni

Officinalis), and Huai Niu Xi (Radix Achyran-
e) point this Bidentatae) supplement the Kidneys and
;hu and augment the Essence.
lements • Rou Cong Rong (Herba Cistanches Deserticolae),
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae), Du Zhong (Cortex
lements Eucommiae Ulmoidis), and Ba Ji Tian (Radix
Morindae Officinalis) warm the Kidneys and
reinforce Yang.
igji, the • Fu Zing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) fortifies the
to the Spleen .
:ding. Wlu Wlei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) and Chi Shi Zhit
(Halloysitum Rubrum) augment Qi and con-
Y QI solidate containment .
Modifications
zziness, 1. To strengthen the effect in stopping bleeding
clung in add Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae)
y is pale 15g, Pu Huang Tan (Pollen Typhae Carbonisatum)
,eak . 10g, Huai Hua (Flos Sophorae Japonicae) 10g,
and Zi Zhu (Folium Callicarpae) 10g.
2. If the prescription is not strong enough, add
Mu lit (Concha Ostreae) 30g, decocted for 30
minutes before adding the other ingredients, fin
isolidate Ying Zi (Fructus Rosae Laevigatae) 15g and Bu
Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) 15g to
enhance the effect in consolidating containment
and stopping bleeding.
3. For limpness and aching in the spine and lower
ons
back and aversion to cold, add Lu Jiaoo (Cornu
ae Con- Cervi) 10g and Gou Ji (Rhizoma Cibotii Ba-
rometz) 15g to warm and supplement the Du
30g vessel.
15g ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION
ae) 15g
Treatment principle
g Supplement and augment Kidney Qi, consolidate
containment and stop bleeding .
Points: GV 4 Mingmen, BL-23 Shenshu, CV-4
Guanyuan, BL-28 Pangguangshu, CV-3 Zhongji,
ST-36 Zusanli, SP-6 Sanyinjiao, and KI-7 Fuliu .
Technique : Use fi1iform needles and apply the re-
.ztinosae inforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30
scoreae minutes. Moxibustion can be performed after acu-
Corni puncture, if required .
HEMORRHAGE 291
Explanation
• Combining BL-23 Shenshu, the back-shu point
related to the Kidneys, and KI-7 Fuhu, the mu
(mother) point of the Kidney channel, with
CV -4 Guanyuan and GV 4 Mingmen, important
points for enriching and supplementing Original
Qi (Yuan Qi), warms and supplements Kidney
Yang to stop bleeding.
• BL-28 Pangguangshu and CV-3 Zhongji benefit
the Bladder to stop bleeding .
• ST 36 Zusanli and SP-6 Sanyinjiao fortify the
Spleen and supplement Qi to enrich the Root
of Later Heaven and supplement and nourish
Kidney Qi .
Empirical formulae
Pattern : Deficiency of the Spleen, which fails to
control the Blood . 10
Indication: thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage
due to chemotherapy.
Ingredients
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) 5g, decocted separately
for at least 60 minutes and added to the prepared
decoction
Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) 15g
SanQi (Radix Notoginseng) 6g
Ou Jie (Nodus Nelumbinis Nuciferae Rhizomatis)
30g
Zhi Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae, mix-fried with
honey) 6g
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 30g
Pattern : Frenetic movement of hot Blood due to
Yin Deficiency. 10
Indication : thrombocytopenia during chemother-
apy manifesting as blood in the urine, nosebleed,
spontaneous cutaneous bleeding, and bleeding
gums .
Ingredients
Shan Hai Luo (Radix Codonopsitis Lanceolatae) 30g


292 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER

Xi Yang Shen* (Radix Panacis Quinquefolii) 10g, Mu Dan Pi Tan (Cortex Moutan Radicis Carbonisata) 10g
steamed separately and then infused in the prepared Mo Han Lian (Herba Ecliptae Prostratae) 15g
decoction Sheng Di Huang Tan (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis) 15g Carbonisata) 15g
 Pleural e sion

Pleural effusion is a commonly seen complication in patients with malignant tumors, and
most types of malignant tumors other than brain tumors can induce pleural effusion . Some
75% of pleural effusions related to malignant tumors are accounted for by lung cancer,
breast cancer and lymphomas ; the remainder occur primarily as complications of cancer of
the ovaries, cervix, kidney, stomach, or pancreas, or from malignant melanomas, sarcomas
and mesotheliomas . The type of primary cancer complicated by pleural effusion differs
between men and women ; in men, it is more likely to occur with lung cancer, lymphomas
or leukemia, stomach cancer, and cancers of the urogenital system, whereas it is seen more
often in women with breast, ovarian, lung and stomach cancers, or lymphomas or leuke-
mia .
When tumors cause fluid accumulation in the thoracic cavity, this means that the cancer
is already at an advanced stage and has either spread locally or disseminated systemically ; it
is then too late for curative surgery. Since the amount of fluid accumulated is relatively
large with rapid onset, cardiac and pulmonary functions are often affected by the me-
chanically limited expansion of the lungs . Atelectasis and repeated infection often
cause serious respiratory difficulties and circulation problems, which if not treated in time
may result in a life-threatening condition .
Fluid accumulation due to primary or metastatic tumors in the pleura is difficult to treat
with Western methods such as draining of the pleural space, since the fluid tends to reac-
cumulate rapidly. Sealing of the pleural space after drainage can also lead to pain in the
chest . On the other hand, the TCM approach to treatment is to disperse the accumulated
fluid and alleviate pain . The time scale for treatment with TCM varies greatly depending on
the severity of the condition and can range from one month to several years .

Etiology and pathology

Pleural effusion comes under the category of xuanyin (suspended fluids) in Chinese medi-
cine . Under normal physiological conditions, the transportation, distribution and excretion
of water and Body Fluids depend primarily on the actions of the Triple Burner . As an
external Fu organ related to the internal Zang organs, the Triple Burner governs Qi trans-
formation for the entire body and manages the routes for the transportation and move-
ment of water, food and Body Fluids . If Qi is transformed, then water will move . However,
if tumors affect Qi transformation in the Triple Burner and impair its diffusing function,
Yang will be Deficient and water and Body Fluids will not move, resulting in the collec-
tion of Retained Fluids (yin) .
294 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
This mechanism for the formation of Retained
Fluids (yin) was put forward in Sheng Ji Zong Lu
[General Collection for Holy Relief], which says :
"The Triple Burner is the passageway for water and
food, and the beginning and end of Qi. When its
regulating function is normal, Qi is harmonious in
the channels and vessels, and water and Body Fluids
are diffused correctly; Qi is transformed into Blood
and the whole body is irrigated . If Qi is obstructed
in the Triple Burner and the vessels and passages
are blocked, water and Body Fluids collect and
cannot be diffused, thus accumulating to form
Phlegm-Fluids." The Lungs are located in the
Upper Burner and control regulation of the water
passages. The Spleen is located in the Middle
Burner and regulates transportation of the Essence
of water and food . The Kidneys are located in the
Lower Burner; they steam and transform water and
Body Fluids and are responsible for separating the
clear and the turbid, which is then excreted .
In Su Wen: Jing Mai Bie Lun [Simple Questions :
On Channels], it says : "Water and Body Fluids enter
the Stomach, where their Essence and Qi is ex-
tracted and transported upward to the Spleen .
Spleen Qi dissipates the Essence upward to the
Lungs to regulate the water passages, and down-
ward to the Bladder. Water and Essence are there-
fore distributed throughout the body via the five
channels of the Zang organs ."
This indicates that the transportation of water
and Body Fluids is related to the Spleen, Lungs and
Kidneys . If the functions of the Triple Burner are
impaired, the Lungs cannot regulate the water pas-
sages adequately, the Spleen is impaired in its trans-
portation function, and the Kidneys fail to perform
their function of steaming and transforming, which,
as explained above, results in water and Body Fluids
collecting to form Retained Fluids (yin) . Conse-
quently, tumors affecting the functions of the
Spleen, Lungs and Kidneys will also lead to pleural
effusion .
The transportation function of the Spleen plays a
vital role . Once Spleen Yang is Deficient, Essence
cannot be transported upward to nourish the Lungs,
with the result that water and food cannot be
transformed normally, and Phlegm-Fluids will form
to dry the Lungs . At the same time, the Spleen will
be unable to assist the Kidneys in governing water
and pathogenic Water-Cold will damage Kidney
Yang. As a result, water and Body Fluids will collect
in the Middle Burner and flood everywhere. When
water penetrates between the skin and the mem-
branes, Retained Fluids (yin) will form in the hypo-
chondrium, thus leading to pleural effusion .
In terms of pathology relating to tumors, pleural
effusion is generally caused by insufficiency of
Lung Qi and Yang Deficiency of the Spleen and
Kidneys, which impairs the Qi transformation func-
tion so that water and Body Fluids accumulate .
Constitutional Deficiency of Yang in the Middle
Burner and insufficiency of Qi in the Zang organs
is the basic internal pathology. Since the nature of
water is Yin, it can only be moved by Yang . If Yang
Qi is Deficient, Qi cannot transform Body Fluids ;
Yin pathogenic factors will then become exuberant,
with Cold-Fluids collecting internally. Although
patterns of seasonal pathogenic factors fighting
with interior water or Retained Fluids (yin), trans-
forming into Heat in the long term and manifesting
as a Retained Fluids-Heat complex do occur, they
are relatively rare.
Pleural effusion frequently occurs in primary or
metastatic lung cancers and pleural mesotheliomas
when the patient has a weak constitution with Lung
Deficiency and weakness of Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) .
External seasonal pathogenic factors will impair the
regulating functions of the Lungs, whereas Retained
Fluids (yin) collecting in the chest and hypochon-
drium will cause disharmony of Qi in the network
vessels. Prolonged stagnation of Qi due to obstruc-
tion by Retained Fluids (yin) will transform into Fire
and damage Yin, thus aggravating consumption of
Lung Qi, and creating a pattern of Root Deficiency
and Manifestation Excess .
Pattern identification and
treatment principles
Both internal and external treatment can be applied
for pleural effusion as a complication of malignant
tumors .


PLEURAL EFFUSION 295

,leer will HEAT OR COLD ATTACKING THE form Phlegm and open bin
ng water CHEST AND LUNGS • Zbi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii), Jie Geng (Radix
Kidney Platycodi Grandiflori) and Chi Shao (Radix
Main symptoms and signs Paeoniae Rubra) regulate Qi and harmonize the
ill collect
Pleural effusion with alternating fever and chills, network vessels .
.e . When
ie mem- fluctuating generalized fever and lack of sweating,
or fever without aversion to cold and no relief de-
he hypo- Modifications
spite sweating; other accompanying symptoms
1 . For coughing and dyspnea, rapid breathing and
include cough with scant phlegm, rapid breathing, a
s, pleural pain in the hypochondrium, add Bai Jie Zi (Se-
stabbing pain in the chest and hypochondrium that men Sinapis Albae) 10g and Sang Bai Pi (Cortex
iency of
is aggravated when breathing and turning the body,
leen and Mori Albae Radicis) 10g
hard focal distension below the heart, retching, a 2. For hard focal distension below the heart, a bit-
ion func- bitter taste in the mouth and a dry throat . The
:umulate. ter taste in the mouth and retching, add Huang
tongue body is red with a yellow or thin white coat- Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 10g.
e Middle ing; the pulse is wiry and rapid .
ig organs 3. For fever, sweating, cough, and rough breathing,
lature of remove Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) and combine
If Yang HERBAL MEDICINE the other ingredients with Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang
ly Fluids ; (Ephedra, Apricot Kernel, Gypsum and Lico-
Treatment principle rice Decoction) to clear Heat, diffuse the Lungs
xuberant, Harmonize the chest and Lungs, and diffuse the and transform Phlegm.
Although Lungs. 4. For Retained Fluids (yin) collecting in the chest
fighting and hypochondrium before the alternating fever
in), trans- Prescription
CHAI ZHI BAN XIA TANG JIA JIAN and chills have been eliminated, combine the
anifesting above prescription with that recommended for
:cur, they Bupleurum, Gardenia and Pinellia Decoction, with
modifications the next pattern .

rimary or Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) I Og ACUPUNCTURE

theliomas HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 10g
with Lung Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 15g Treatment principle'
nsive Qi) . Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa- Clear Heat and diffuse the Lungs, transform
mpair the rata) 10g Phlegm and loosen the chest .
Retained Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) 1 Og Points: GV 14 Dazhui, BL-13 Feishu, LU-1 Zhongfu,
_ypochon- Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) I Og CV 17 Danzhong, PC-6 Neiguan, LU-5 Chize,
network Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 1 Og SP-9 Yinlingquan, and BL-20 Pishu .
> obstruc-
t into Fire Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
Explanation
nption of • The prescription harmonizes Shaoyang and ducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
deficiency clears Heat, flushes out Phlegm and opens utes .
binding; it is indicated for the initial stage of
alternating attacks of fever and chills with op- Explanation
pression and pain in the chest and hypochon- • DU-14 Dazhui clears Heat in the chest and
drium . Lungs.
• Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) and HuangQin (Radix • BL-13 Feishu and LU-1 Zhongfu, the back-shu
Scutellariae Baicalensis) harmonize Shaoyang and front-mu points related to the Lungs, dif-
be applied and clear Heat. fuse the Lungs and transform Phlegm .
malignant Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) and Fa Ban Xia • Combining CV 17 Danzhong, the hui (meeting)
(Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata) trans- point of Qi, with PC-6 Neiguan regulates Qi,

296 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
loosens the chest and harmonizes the network
vessels.
• LU-5 Chize, the !~i (son) point on the Lung
Channel, clears Heat and transforms Phlegm .
• SP-9 Yinlingquan and BL-20 Pishu fortify the
Spleen, benefit the movement of Dampness
and transform Phlegm.
RETAINED FLUIDS' COI J.CTING IN
THE CHEST AND HYPOCHONDRIUM
Main symptoms and signs
Pain induced by coughing and expectorating spu-
tum, with the pain in the chest and hypochondrium
improving compared with the initial stage indicated
in the pattern above, although breathing becomes
more difficult; coughing, dyspnea, wheezing and
rough breathing make it impossible for patients to
lie flat, or they can only lie on the side of the effu-
sion; in addition, distension and fullness occur in
the affected intercostal spaces . The tongue is pale
with a thin, white and greasy coating ; the pulse is
deep and wiry, or wiry and slippery.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Expel water and dispel Retained Fluids (yin) .
Prescription
SHI ZAO TANG
Ten Jujubes Decoction
Gan Sui (Radix Euphorbiae Kansui) 6g
Jing Da Ji (Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis) 6g
Yuan Hua (Flos Daphnes Genkwa) 6g
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 30g
Grind the first three ingredients into a fine powder
and put into capsules to take with the decoction of
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) ; take on an empty
stomach.
Alternative prescription
KONG XIAN DAN
Special Pill for Controlling Saliva
Gan Sui (Radix Euphorbiae Kansui) 1 Og
Jing Da Ji (Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis l Og
Bai Jie Zi (Semen Sinapis Albae)1 Og
Grind the ingredients into a, fine powder and put
into capsules . Take 5-10 capsules with a
low-concentration salt solution or a ginger decoc-
tion .
Explanation
Both prescriptions attack and expel water and
Retained Fluids (yin).
Gan Sui (Radix Euphorbiae Kansui), Jing Da Ji
(Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis) and Yuan Hua
(Flos Daphnes Genkwa) have a drastic action
and are indicated for an Excess pattern with a
large amount of accumulated Fluids . Taking the
capsules with the decoctionof Da Zao (Fructus
Ziziphi Jujubae) moderates the nature of the
three herbs to prevent major damage to Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi) .
• Kong Xian Dan (Special Pill for Controlling- Sa-
liva) is a modification of Shi Zao Tang (Ten Ju-
jubes Decoction), with Yuan Hua (Flos Daphnes
Genkwa) replaced by Bai Jie Zi (Semen Sinapis
Albae), and it therefore has a more moderate
action, expelling Phlegm and water between the
skin and the membranes, diffusing the Lungs
and regulating Qi .
Both prescriptions should start from a low dosage
of 1 .5g per day, which is gradually increased to 5g
over three to five days . If the patient experiences
repeated vomiting and diarrhea after administration,
suspend the treatment for two or three days and
then resume.
If vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrheaare se-
vere, reduce the dosage to one-third or one half of
the original dosage, or terminate the treatment and
switch to Jiao Mu Gua Lou Tang (Chinese Prickly
Ash Seed and Trichosanthes Husk Decoction)
based on the following treatment principle :
Treatment principle
Drain the Lungs and dispel Retained Fluids (yin),
bear Qi downward and transform Phlegm .
Ingredients
Ting Li Zi (Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae) 1 Og

log Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis) 1 Og
Su Zi (Fructus Perillae Frutescentis) IOg
:r and put Gua Lou Pi (Pericarpium Trichosanthis) 20g
with a Chen Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae) I Og
ger decoc- • Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa-
rata) 1Og
Jiao Mu (Semen Zanthoxyli) I Og
• Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
water and Sheng Jiang Pi (Cortex Zingiberis Officinalis
Recens) 20g
Jing Da Ji
Yuan Hua Explanation
stic action Ting Li Zi (Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae) and
°rn with a Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis) drain
Taking the the Lungs and expel Retained Fluids (yin) .
o (Fructus • Su Zi (Fructus Perillae Frutescentis), Gua Lou Pi
re of the (Pericarpium Trichosanthis), Chen Pi (Pericar-
:o Vital Qi pium Cirri Reticulatae), and Fa Ban Xia (Rhi-
zoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata) bear Qi
rolling Sa- downward and transform Phlegm .
g (Ten Ju- • Jiao Mu (Semen Zanthoxyli), Fu Zing (Scle-
Daphnes rotium Poriae Cocos) and Sheng Jiang Pi (Cortex
en Sinapis Zingiberis Officinalis Recens) benefit the move-
moderate ment of water and guide out Retained Fluids
:tween the
(yin) .
he Lungs
Modifications
1 . For exuberant Phlegm-turbidity, fullness and
oppression in the chest, and a turbid and greasy
tongue coating, add Xie Bai (Bulbus Allii Mac-
rostemi) 6g and Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Arme-
niacae) log..
2. For water and Retained Fluids (yin) that are dif-
ficult to eliminate, accompanied by fullness in
the chest and hypochondrium, a weak constitu-
tion and reduced appetite, add Gui Zbi (Ramulus
Cinnamon-ii Cassiae) log, Bai Zhu (Rhizoma
Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g and Gan Cao
(Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g to free Yang, fortify the
Spleen and transform Retained Fluids . A drastic
attack on the Retained Fluids is not advisable .
3. For disharmony of Qi in the network vessels,
add materia medica for regulating Qi and
harmonizing the network vessels such as those
:) log
PLEURAL EFFUSION 297
in Xiang Fu Xuan Fu Hua Tang (Nutgrass Rhi-
zome and Inula Flower Decoction) to move
water once Qi moves (see pattern below) .
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION
Treatment principle
Dispel water and expel Retained Fluids (yin), loosen
the chest and regulate Qi.
Points: CV 17 Danzhong, CV 12 Zhongwan,
BL-13 Feishu, BL-17 Geshu, BL-20 Pishu,
BL-43 Gaohuang, BL-18 Ganshu, CV-4 Guanyuan,
and ST-36 Zusanli .
Technique: Use filiform needles and apply the
even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
Moxibustion can be performed after acupuncture,
if required .
Explanation
• Combining CV 17 Danzhong, the hui (meeting)
point of Qi, with CV 12 Zhongwan, the hui
(meeting) point of the Fu organs, benefits the
movement of water and loosens the chest and
diaphragm to free respiration .
• Combining the back-shu points of BL-13 Feishu,
BL-17 Geshu, BL-43 Gaohuang, BL-18 Ganshu,
and BL-20 Pishu fortifies the Spleen and bene-
fits the movement of water, regulates Qi and
transforms Phlegm stasis, drains the Lungs and
expels Retained Fluids (yin), and loosens the
chest and benefits the hypochondrium.
CV-4 Guanyuan and ST 36 Zusanli support Vi-
tal Qi (Zheng Qi) and expel pathogenic factors .
DISHARMONY OF QI IN THE NETWORK
VESSELS
Main symptoms and signs
Pleural effusion accompanied by pain in the chest
and hypochondrium, oppression and discomfort in
the chest, a burning or stabbing pain in the chest,
and inhibited breathing. The tongue body is dark
red with a thin coating ; the pulse is wiry.

298 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Regulate Qi, transform Phlegm and harmonize the
network vessels .
Prescription
XIANG FU XUAN FU HUA TANG JIA JIAN
Nutgrass Rhizome and Inula Flower Decoction
Xuan Fu Hua (Flos Inulae) 1 Og, wrapped
Su Zi (Fructus Perillae Frutescentis) 10g
Xing Ken (Semen Pruni Armeniacae) 1 Og
• Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa-
rata) 10g
Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
• Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi) 1 Og
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 1 Og
Explanation
• Xuan Fu Hua (Flos Inulae), Su Zi (Fructus
Perillae Frutescentis), Xing Ren (Semen Pruni
Armeniacae), Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae
Ternatae Praeparata), Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coicis
Lachryma-jobi), and Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae
Cocos) bear Qi downward and transform
Phlegm .
Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi) and Chen Pi
(Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) regulate Qi and
relieve Depression .
Mo&Fzcations
1 . For obstruction of Phlegm and Qi, oppression
in the chest and a greasy tongue coating, add
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 15g and Zhi Ke
(Fructus Citri Aurantii) 10g.
2. For enduring, stabbing pain entering the net-
work vessels, add Dang Gui IYei (Extremitas
Radicis Angelicae Sinensis) 1Og, Chi Shao (Radix
Paeoniae Rubra) 10g, Tao Ren (Semen Persicae)
1 Og, Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) 1 Og, Ru
Xiang (Gummi Olibanum) 10g, and Mo Yao
(Myrrha) 10g.
Where water and Retained Fluids (yin) have not
been expelled completely, add Tong Cao (Medulla
Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) 6g, Lu Lu Tong (Fructus
Liquidambaris) 10g and Dong Gua Pi (Epicar-
pium Benincasae Hispidae) 15g .
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Regulate Qi and harmonize the network vessels .
Points : BL-17 Geshu, BL-43 Gaohuang, BL-13 Feishu,
BL-15 Xinshu, PC-6 Neiguan, SP-6 Sanyinjiao,
CV 17 Danzhong, LI-4 Hegu, and LR-3 Taichong .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the
even method at all the points except for LI-4 Hegu
and LR-3 Taichong where the reducing method
should be used . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes.
Explanation
• Combining BL-17 Geshu, the hui (meeting)
point of the Blood, with SP-6 Sanyinjiao
invigorates the Blood and transforms Blood
stasis .
Combining the back-shu points of BL-43 Gao-
huang, BL-15 Xinshu and BL-13 Feishu regu-
lates Qi, transforms Phlegm and harmonizes
the network vessels .
• Combining CV 17 Danzhong, the hui (meeting)
point of Qi, with PC-6 Neiguan regulates Qi
and relieves Depression, loosens the chest and
harmonizes the network vessels .
Applying the reducing method at LI-4 Hegu
and LR-3 Taichong, the si guan (four gates)
points, opens blockage and regulates Qi to in-
vigorate the Blood .
INTERNAL HEAT DUE TO YIN
DEFICIENCY
Main symptoms and signs
Pleural effusion with an intermittent choking cough,
expectoration and spitting of small amounts of
sticky phlegm, dry mouth and throat, tidal fever in
the afternoon, reddening of the cheeks, irritability ; a
sensation of heat in the center of the palms and
soles, and night sweating; these symptoms may be
accompanied by oppression and pain in the chest


PLEURAL EFFUSION 299

Pi (Epicar- and hypochondrium, and emaciation . The tongue 2. For cough, add Bai Bu (Radix Stemonae) IOg
body is red with a scant coating; the pulse is small and Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cir-
and rapid . rhosae) 10g
For oppression and pain in the chest and hypo-
HERBAL MEDICINE chondrium, add Gua Lou Pi (Pericarpium
Trichosanthis) 15g, Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Auran-
Tessels. Treatment principle tii) 10g, Yu fin (Radix Curcumae) 10g, and Si
Enrich Yin and clear Heat . Gua Luo (Fasciculus Vascularis Luffae) 10g.
-13 Feishu,
Sanyinjiao, Prescription 4. For residual accumulation of Retained Fluids
laichong. SHA SHEN MAI DONG TANG HE XIE BAI (yin), add Mu Lit (Concha Ostreae) 30g and Ze
SAN JIA JIAN Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 30g.
apply the Adenophora/Glehnia and Ophiopogon Decoction 5 . For Qi Deficiency, mental fatigue, shortness of
LI-4 Hegu Combined With White-Draining Powder, with breath, a tendency to sweat easily, and a pale
ig method modifications facial complexion, add Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseu-
?0-30 min- dostellariae Heterophyllae) 15g, HuangQi (Radix
Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu Adenophorae) lOg
Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g and Wu Wei Zi
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
Yu Zhu (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati) 15g (Fructus Schisandrae) 10g .
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis) 15g
(meeting) Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis) 15g ACUPUNCTURE
ianyinjiao Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis) 15g
ms Blood Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g Treatment principle
Enrich Yin and clear Heat .
L-43 Gao-
Explanation Points : BL-13 Feishu, LU-1 Zhongfu, BL-43 Gao-
:ishu regu-
• Sha Shen Mai Dong Tang Jia Jian (Adeno- huang, LU-7 Lieque, KI-6 Zhaohai, KI-3 Taixi,
.armonizes
phora/Glehnia and Ophiopogon Decoction, and SP-6 Sanyinjiao .
with modifications), consisting of Sha Shen (Radix
i (meeting) Glehniae seu Adenophorae), Mai Men Dong Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the
gulates Qi (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici), Yu Zhu (Rhi- even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
chest and zoma Polygonati Odorati) and Tian Hua Fen
(Radix Trichosanthis), clears the Lungs, mois- Explanation
J-4 Hegu tens Dryness, nourishes Yin and generates Body
our gates) • BL-13 Feishu and LU-1 Zhongfu, the back-shu
Fluids ; it is indicated for a dry cough with scant and front-mu points related to the Lungs, clear
Qi to in- sputum, a dry mouth and a red tongue .
the Lungs and moisten Dryness .
• Xie Bai San Jia Jian (White-Draining Powder,
with modifications), consisting of Sang Bai Pi BL-43 Gaohuang, a point selected to treat a
(Cortex Mori Albae Radicis), Di Gu Pi (Cortex variety of chronic Deficiency patterns, supple-
Lycii Radicis) and Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae), ments Qi and generates Body Fluids .
clears the Lungs and bears Fire downward ; it is • LU-7 Lieque and KI-6 Zhaohai, both of which
indicated for a choking cough, dyspnea and are jiao hui (confluence) points of the eight ex-
ing cough, Heat steaming to the skin and flesh. traordinary vessels and often selected to treat
founts of disorders of the chest and diaphragm, enrich
al fever in Yin and moisten the Lungs .
Modifications
ritability, a • KI-3 Taixi and SP-6 Sanyinjiao, important
1 . For tidal fever, add Gui Ban* (Plastrum
palms and points for enriching Yin throughout the body,
Testudinis) 30g, decocted for 30 minutes
is may be before adding the other ingredients, and Shi nourish Yin, generate Body Fluids and bear Fire
the chest Da Gong Lao Ye (Folium Mahoniae) 15g. downward.
300 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
EXTERNAL TREATMENT
There are numerous references in the TCM classics
to external treatment of xuan yin. External treat-
ment of pleural effusion due to tumors works
through the application of materia medica for
transforming Blood stasis, dispersing masses, aro-
matically opening the orifices, and expelling water
and Retained Fluids (yin) to relieve the pressure ex-
erted by tumors on the blood vessels and lymphatic
vessels . This then allows greater movement within
the vessels, thereby benefiting the absorption of
Body Fluids that have accumulated within the tho-
racic' cavity . At the same time, external treatment
can also improve the function of the Lungs in free-
ing Qi, for example by reducing rapid breathing and
alleviating pain in the chest .
Formulae for external application
General patterns of pleural effusion
1 . Grind the following ingredients into a fine
powder :
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 3g
Jing Da Ji (Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis) 3g
Bing Pian (Borneolum) 5g
SanQi (Radix Notoginseng) 3g
Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) 5g
Peng Shat (Borax) 3g
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 3g
Mix the powder thoroughly with 50g of melted
plain black paste, an external plaster made mainly
from animal materials such as E Jiaot (Gelatinum
Corii Asini), and spread it on a sterile plastic sheet
so that it is about 0 .5cm thick and 5xl0cm in size .
Apply the paste to the body surface nearest to the
site of the tumor and cover the plastic sheet with a
hot water bottle for two hours a day to facilitate
absorption through the skin . Change the paste
every seven days . If small vesicles appear on the
skin treated, they will disappear one or two days
after removing the paste. Application can then be
resumed .
2. This treatment method combines a powder and
a decoction .
Powder ingredients
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 3g
Bai Zhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae) 6g
Zhi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii) 6g
Shan Dou Gen (Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis) 6g
Shi Jian Chuan (Herba Salviae Chinensis) 6g
Grind the ingredients into a fine powder for use as
the base substance ; other materia medica for aro-
matically opening the orifices, breaking up Blood
stasis and dispersing masses can also be used .
Decoction ingredients
Shi Chang Pu (Rhizoma Acori Graminei) 15g
Gan Sui (Radix Euphorbiae Kansui) 6g
Jing Da Ji (Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis) 6g
Yuan Hua (Flos Daphnes Genkwa) 6g
Bo He (Herba Menthae Haplocalycis) 15g
Modifications
1 . For rapid breathing and oppression in the chest,
add Chen Xiang (Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum)
10g and Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 15g .
2. For coughing, add Su Zi (Fructus Perillae Fru-
tescentis) IOg and Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Al-
bae Radicis) 15g.
3 . For pain in the chest, add E Zhu (Rhizoma
Curcumae) 15g and han Hu Suo (Rhizoma
Corydalis Yanhusuo) 15g.
Mix 60-90g of the base powder and 50-100ml of
the concentrated liquid from the decoction into a
medicated cake about 1cm thick and 5x10cm in size
and sprinkle Bing Pian (Borneolum) 2g on top. At-
tach the medicated cake with adhesive plaster to
BL-13 Feishu, BL-43 Gaohuang and the site of the
pleural effusion for 2-4 hours a day for two days
followed by one day rest. Repeat the treatment until
the effusion disappears .
Profuse pleural effusion in patients with a rea-
sonably strong constitution
Pound Ba Dou (Semen Crotonis Tiglii) 5g into a
paste and grind Gan Sui (Radix Euphorbiae Kansui)
6g and Bing Pian (Borneolum) 2g into a fine powder .
Mix the ingredients into a thick paste with Mi Cu
(Acetum Oryzae) 3-5ml . Decoct Gan Cao (Radix
 PLEURAL EFFUSION 301

Glycyrrhizae) 50g in 200m1 of water and boil down cover with gauze and hold in place with adhesive
to 50ml of a concentrated liquid . Apply the paste to tape. Drink the decoction of Gan Cao (Radix Gly-
the affected site on the chest or hypochondrium, cyrrhizae) immediately. Treat once a day.

6g
;is) 6g
.g
for use as
:a for aro-
up Blood
sed .

5g

> the chest,

tesinatum)
his) 15g.
-rillae Fru-
x Mori Al-

(Rhizoma
(Rhizoma

-100ml of
ion into a
)cm in size
)n top. At-
plaster to
site of the
r two days
tment until

vith a rea-

5g into a
ae Kansui)
ne powder .
with Mi Cu
Cao (Radix
 Asates

Ascites is a common complication in endometrial carcinoma and ovarian, liver, gastrointes-

tinal and pancreatic cancers . It may also be caused by abdominal cavity metastasis or infil-
tration related to breast cancer, testicular and esophageal cancers, malignant lymphoma,
and leukemia . It is a fairly stubborn condition to treat, and the prognosis is relatively poor.
Increased abdominal pressure may affect venous return and lead to deep venous thrombo-
sis and impairment of the cardiorespiratory and kidney functions . When the patient's
resistance is lowered, as is often the case in intermediate-stage and late-stage cancers, sus-
ceptibility to infection will increase. This is a serious complication when associated with as-
cites and the condition can deteriorate rapidly, frequently resulting in death .
In TCM, ascites comes under the category of diseases known as gu Zhang (drum disten-
sion), since the distended abdomen looks like a drum, or as danfu Zhang (simple abdominal
distension), since swelling in the abdomen is the main feature, but may also occur in the
limbs. The skin is dull yellow in color, and the blood vessels are visible under the skin .

Etiology and pathology

Ascites as a complication of cancer is generally caused by binding of tumors in the interior,
leading to mutual impairment of the Liver, Spleen and Kidney functions, eventually result-
ing in Qi stagnation, Blood stasis and accumulation of water in the abdomen .
Emotional dissatisfaction causes binding Depression of Liver Qi and impairs the func-
tional activities of Qi, resulting in the inhibited movement of Blood, which in turn leads to
Qi Depression and Blood stasis in the Blood vessels and network vessels of the Liver .
Binding Depression of Liver Qi also results in transverse counterflow of Liver Qi to
overwhelm the Spleen and Stomach. Failure of the transportation and transformation
function then leads to accumulation of water and Dampness, which fight with Blood stasis.
Prolonged accumulation and Blood stasis block the Middle Burner, gradually affecting the
Kidneys and resulting in mutual impairment of the liver, Spleen and Kidney functions,
eventually giving rise to gu hang (drum distension) .
Impairment of the Liver, Spleen and Kidneys means that Deficiency will be severe for
patients manifesting with Deficiency patterns ; on the other hand, accumulation and bind-
ing of Qi, Blood and water in the abdomen and non-transformation of water and Damp-
ness mean that Excess will be severe for patients manifesting with an Excess pattern .
Ascites patterns are therefore characterized by Root Deficiency and Manifestation
Excess, or a Deficiency-Excess complex .

Pattern identification and
treatment principles
When treating ascites, Deficiency must be differen-
tiated from Excess . Treatment is therefore based on
supplementing a Deficient condition while dispers-
ing Excess factors or dispersing an Excess condi-
tion while supplementing Deficient factors . Treat-
ment of the two patterns is given in more detail
below. It should also be borne in mind that while
dispelling pathogenic factors (in other words, the
cancer Toxins), Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) should be
carefully protected .
EXCESS-TYPE DISTENSION
Main symptoms and signs
Abdominal distension and fullness, on palpation
feeling like a bag filled with water or hard lumps,
sound mental and physical condition, reduced appe-
tite, a sallow yellow facial complexion, short void-
ings of scant urine, and thin and loose stools or
constipation . The tongue body is pale with a white
and greasy or yellow and greasy coating ; the pulse is
soggy and moderate, or deep and wiry
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and benefit the movement of
water, invigorate the Blood and dissipate masses,
inhibit tumors and relieve Toxicity.
Prescription
SI JUN ZI TANG HE WU LING SAN JIA
JIAN
Four Gentlemen Decoction Combined With Poria
Five Powder, with modifications
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae) 1Og
Zhu Ling (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati) 1 Og
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 1 Og, wrapped
Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 1 Og
Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri) 1 Og
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 15g
Explanation
• Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae), Huang
Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari), Fu Ling (Scle-
rotium Poriae Cocos), and Bai Zhu (Rhizoma
Atractylodis Macrocephalae) augment Qi and
fortify the Spleen.
• Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae) warms
Yang and transforms Qi .
• Zhu Ling (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati), Che
Qian Zi (Semen Plantaginis), Yi Yi Ren (Semen
Coicis Lachryma-jobi) and Long Kui (Herbs
Solani Nigri) percolate Dampness and benefit
the movement of water.
• E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) invigorates the
Blood and dissipates lumps.
• Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae)
inhibits tumors and relieves Toxicity .
Modifications
1 . For Qi stagnation and abdominal distension, add
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 6g and
Zhi Ke (Fructus Cirri Aurantii) 1 Og .
2 . For nausea and vomiting, add Fa Ban Xia (R1-ii
zoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata) 10g and
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Re-
cens) 6g.
3 . For prevalence of Heat signs, add Huang Qin
(Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 10g and Zhu Ling
(Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati) 10g.
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUST7ON
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and benefit the movement of
water, invigorate the Blood and dissipate masses,
inhibit tumors and relieve Toxicity
Points : ST 25 Tianshu, CV-6 Qihai, CV 12
Zhongwan, ST-36 Zusanli, SP-9 Yinlingquan, CV -3
Zhongji, BL-22 Sanjiaoshu, and BL-20 Pishu .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the


ASCITES 305

)g reducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) 12g, added
minutes . Moxibustion can be applied after acu- toward the end of the decoction process
puncture, if required . HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
15g Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) 1 Og
Explanation Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
• ST-25 Tianshu and CV-6 Qihai regulate the func- Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
te), Huang tional activities of Qi in the abdominal region to Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
.ing (Scle- invigorate the Blood, dissipate lumps and move quita) 10g
(Rhizoma water. Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) 10g
Qi and • Combining CV 12 Zhongwan, the hui (meeting) CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 1Og, wrapped
point of the Fu organs, with BL-22 Sanjiaoshu Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) l Og
e) warms frees the Triple Burner. Chuan Niu Xi (Radix Cyathulae Officinalis) 1Og
• SP-9 Yinlingquan and BL-20 Pishu fortifies the ShenQu (Massa Fermentata) 30g
llati), Che Spleen to benefit the transportation and trans- Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri) 1 Og
n (Semen formation of water and Dampness . Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Dif-
i (Herba • ST-36 Zusanli supports Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) to fusae) 30g
d benefit inhibit tumors.
• CV-3 Zhongji, the front-mu point related to the Explanation
rates the Bladder, promotes urination to disperse ab- • Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) and Bu Gu
dominal distension . Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) warm the
3arbatae) Kidneys and reinforce Yang .
DEFICIENCY TYPE DISTENSION HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari), Bai Zhu
(Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) and Fu
DEFICIENCY OF SPLEEN AND KIDNEY Zing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) augment Qi and
sion, add YANG fortify the Spleen .
) 6g and Chen Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae) regulates
Main symptoms and signs Qi and fortifies the Spleen .
kia (Rhi- Abdominal distension, fullness and discomfort in • Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
1Og and cancer patients, especially in the evening, a dull yel- Conquita) and Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Offi-
nails Re low facial complexion, oppression in the stomach, cinalis) warm the Kidneys and supplement the
poor appetite, mental fatigue, little desire to move, Blood .
uang Qin cold limbs or puffy swelling of the lower limbs, • CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis), Long Kui (Herba
Zhu Ling short inhibited voidings of scant urine, and thin and Solani Nigri) and Chuan Niu Xi (Radix Cyathulae
loose stools. The tongue body is dull and pale or Officinalis) benefit the movement of water and
pale purple and enlarged with a white and greasy free Lin syndrome .
coating; the pulse is deep, thready and forceless . • Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae)
inhibits tumors and relieves Toxicity.
HERBAL MEDICINE • Shen Qu (Massa Fermentata) protects the Stom-
ment of ach.
masses, Treatment principle
Warm and supplement the Spleen and Kidneys,
transform Qi and move water. Modification
CV 12 For severe puffy swelling, add Zhu Ling (Sclerotium
an, CV-3 Prescription Polypori Umbellati) 1 Og and Ze Xie (Rhizoma Ails-
.u. JI SHENG SHEN QI WAN JIA JIAN matis Orientalis) 30g to strengthen the effect in
Life Saver Kidney Qi Pill, with modifications benefiting the movement of water .
?ply the

306 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTTON
Treatment principle
Warm and supplement the Spleen and Kidneys,
transform Qi and move water .
Points: BL-20 Pishu, IR-13 Zhangmen, BL-23 Shenshu,
GV 4 Mingmen, CV-4 Guanyuan, ST-36 Zusanli,
CV 12 Zhongwan, and ST-25 Tianshu .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
inforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30
minutes . Moxibustion can be performed after acu-
puncture, if required .
Explanation
• Combining BL-20 Pishu and LR-13 Zhangmen,
the back-shu and front-mu points related to the
Spleen, with ST-36 Zusanli fortifies the Spleen
and augments Qi to transport and transform
water and Dampness.
• BL-23 Shenshu, GV 4 Mingmen and CV-4
Guanyuan warm and supplement Kidney Yang
to transform Qi and move water .
Combining CV 12 Zhongwan, the hui (meeting)
point of the Fu organs, with ST-25 Tianshu, the
front-mu point related to the Large Intestine,
regulates Qi and disperses distension.
DEPLETION OF LIVER AND KIDNEY
YIN
Main symptoms and signs
Distension and fullness with an enlarged abdomen
in cancer patients, emaciation, reduced appetite,
mental fatigue, irritability, dry mouth, short voidings
of scant urine, and constipation . The tongue body
is dry red or crimson ; the pulse is deep and wiry, or
thready and rapid .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Enrich and nourish the Liver and Kidneys, benefit
the movement of water and dissipate lumps .
Prescription
LIU WEI DI HUANG TANG JIA JIAN
Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Decoction, with modifi-
cations
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) 15g
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) 15g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Nii Zben Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) 15g
Fu ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Zhu Ling (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati) 15g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 1 Og
Lai Fu Zi (Semen Raphani Sativi) I Og
Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri) 1 Og
Bai Ying (Herba Solani Lyrati) lOg
Explanation
• Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita), Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Offici-
nalis), Gou Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii), and Nii Zhen Zi
(Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) enrich and nourish the
Liver and Kidneys .
• Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) nourishes
Yin and clears Heat .
• Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos), Zhu Ling
(Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati) and Long Kui
(Herba Solani Nigri) fortify the Spleen and
benefit the movement of water .
• Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) and Lai
Fu Zi (Semen Raphani Sativi) regulate Qi and
dissipate lumps .
• Bai Ying (Herba Solani Lyrati) clears Heat and
inhibits tumors .
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Enrich and nourish the Liver and Kidneys, benefit
the movement of water and dissipate lumps .
Points : CV 12 Zhongwan, ST 25 Tianshu, BL-18
Ganshu, BL-23 Shenshu, KI-3 Taixi, LR-3
Taichong, and SP-6 Sanyinjiao .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the
even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .

Explanation
• Combining CV 12 Zhongwan, the hui (meeting)
point of the Fu organs, with ST-25 Tianshu, the
front-mu point related to the Large Intestine,
regulates the functional activities of Qi in the
abdomen to regulate Qi and dissipate lumps .
• BL-18 Ganshu and LR-3 Taichong dredge and
nourish the Liver .
• BL-23 Shenshu and KI-3 Taixi enrich and sup-
plement Kidney Yin .
• SP-6 Sanyinjiao enriches Yin and invigorates the
Blood .
External application of materia
medica for dispersing water
Investigations into the external application of mate-
ria medica to treat ascites began in the pre-modern
era. In Li Yue Pian Wen [Rhymed Discourses on Ex-
ternal Therapy], published in 1870, Wu Shangxian
suggested that the principles for external application
were the same as for internal treatment. He also
listed a number of materia medica, such as Qian Niu
Zi (Semen Pharbitidis), Zao Jim (Fructus Gleditsiae
Sinensis), Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae),
or Hu Pot (Succinum), which could be made into a
paste and applied to the abdomen and around the
umbilicus to treat ascites.
At the Sino Japanese Friendship Hospital in Bei-
jing, we have studied the effect of external applica-
tion of materia medica on ascites since 1985 . Based
on this experience, I prepared a formulation to treat
ascites in cancer patients. The formula, known as
Xiao Shui Gao (Water-Dispersing Paste), is based on
the principle of fortifying the Spleen and benefiting
the movement of water, warming Yang and trans-
forming Blood stasis ."
In recent years, we have used this paste to treat 120
cases of ascites in cancer patients when Western
treatment has been unsuccessful and it has shown an
effect in 99 (82 .5 percent) of these cases. In vitro
studies indicate that percutaneous absorption of
astramembrannin, believed to be one of the main
active constituents of Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu
Hedysari), is directly proportional to the time
employed . 12
ASCITES 307
Paste ingredients
Huang .Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 60g
Qian Niu Zi (Semen Pharbitidis) 20g
Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae) 1Og
Zhu Ling (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati) 20g
E Zbu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 30g
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae) IOg
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 60g
Decoct the ingredients twice, then add a suitable
vehicle such as starch to the concentrated decoction
and mix to a paste . Place in 200ml wide-neck jars,
seal and sterilize . After routine disinfection of the
abdominal region, spread the paste on the skin in a
layer about 1-2mm thick extending from below the
xiphoid process to 10cm below the umbilicus and
bilaterally to the line joining the axilla to the hip ;
cover the paste with a plastic sheet or gauze to keep
it moist. If there is a tensely swollen mass in the
liver that may rupture, avoid application on the cor-
responding area . Change the dressing once a day for
15 days.
In TCM, ascites is generally treated according to
the principles of fortifying the Spleen and supple-
menting the Kidneys, warming Yang and benefiting
the movement of water, and moving Qi and in-
vigorating the Blood . However, in treating ascites in
cancer patients, consideration should also be given
to adding materia medica for invigorating the Blood
and transforming Blood stasis, and softening hard-
ness and dissipating lumps .
The composition of Xiao Sbui Gao (Water-
Dispersing Paste) complies with these principles .
• HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) benefits
the movement of water and disperses swelling and
can be absorbed percutaneously. Clinical studies in-
dicate that it has a diuretic function and expels so-
dium (sodium retention is considered as one of the
principal causes of ascites, especially non-malignant
ascites) .
• Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) fortifies
the Spleen and benefits the movement of Damp-
ness . It has inhibited the growth of a variety of
cancer cells in vitro, such as cervix carcinoma U14
cells . One of its active ingredients, coixenolide, in-
hibits cancer and regulates the immune system .
• Qian Niu Zi (Semen Pharbitidis) strongly expels
water; however, in combination with Huang Qi
(Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) and Yi Yi Ren (Semen
Coicis Lachryma-jobi), its toxicity will be decreased
so that Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) will not be damaged .
• Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae) warms
Yang and benefits the movement of water ; it mod-
erates Yin-Cold and Dampness accumulation
patterns in late-stage cancers to assist Zhu Ling
(Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati) in benefiting the
movement of water .
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) and Tao Ren (Semen
Persicae) invigorate the Blood and transform Blood
stasis . Curcumol and curdione extracted from E
Zhu have demonstrated an inhibitory effect on a va-
riety of tumor cell strains.
Xiao Shui Gao (Water-Dispersing Paste) takes
both cold and warmth into account, dispels Damp-
ness and transforms accum »la tions without dam-
aging Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) . Electron and confocal
scanning microscope examinations have indicated
that interference with synthesis of DNA and RNA
in cancer cells might be one of the mechanisms by
which the paste reduces the number of tumor cells
and the quantity of ascites in cancer patients .


I from E
:t on a va- Menstrual disorders
ste) takes
is Damp-
.out dam-
confocal
indicated
and RNA
anisms by
imor cells
its. Menstrual disorders and genital bleeding are a relatively common feature of cancers of the
female reproductive system . They can be caused by endometrial carcinoma, ovarian cancer,
and benign tumors of the uterus and ovaries, as well as by surgery, radiotherapy and che-
motherapy used to treat cancer . Tumors secreting hormones may also result in abnormal
genital bleeding.
Menstrual disorders may occur at any stage of endometrial carcinoma, ovarian cancer
and breast cancer, all of which cause dysfunction of the endocrine system . Genital bleed-
ing may vary with different forms of cancer :
• Endometrial carcinoma usually develops after menopause, occurring most often in
women aged 50-60 . The prognosis is comparatively good, especially where the cancer has
not spread beyond the uterus and hysterectomy completely removes all cancerous cells .
Abnormal bleeding from the uterus is a common symptom :
• invasive endometrial carcinoma can cause heavy bleeding ;
• bleeding caused by localized endometrial carcinoma is often seen at the late stage ;
• polypoid endometrial carcinoma causes bleeding due to ulceration and infection of
carcinomatous tissue.
Bleeding in premenopausal women is characterized by profuse bleeding between
periods or continuous dribbling between irregular periods ; in postmenopausal women,
the condition is more likely to manifest as bleeding from the vagina after amenorrhea
for one or more years, with the amount of blood increasing gradually .
• Cancer of the cervix generally affects women aged 35-55 . The initial symptom of the
cancer may be irregular intermenstrual bleeding or postcoital bleeding.
• Cancer of the ovaries occurs at any age, but most frequently in women aged between 50
and 70 and tends to have a worse prognosis than other cancers of the female reproductive
system. Although some uterine bleeding may occur, ascites is seen more often than men-
strual disorders . If both ovaries in a premenopausal woman are replaced by carcinomatous
tissue, amenorrhea is likely .
• Cancer of the vagina affects women aged from 45 to 65 and may cause watery or
bloody vaginal discharge.
• Fibroids or benign tumors manifest as heavier or prolonged periods, or as continuous
bleeding.
• If benign or malignant folliculoma or granular cell ovarian tumors occur in children,
they may cause precocious sexual maturity characterized by earlier menarche due to secre-
tion of female sex hormones ; in women of child-bearing age, they may manifest as heavy
periods ; and in postmenopausal women, they often cause endometrial hyperplasia
 and postmenopausal bleeding. Arrhenoblastoma
occurs more often in younger women and causes
hormone-induced amenorrhea.
Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy can di-
rectly or indirectly result in menstrual disorders . For
example, some alkylating agents such as cyclo-
phosphamide can cause amenorrhea . In addition,
long-term use of drugs used in endocrine therapy
for breast cancer such as tamoxifen and aminoglu-
tethimide can cause irregular menstruation and oc-
casionally endometrial carcinoma.
In TCM, the term menstrual disorders refers to
abnormalities in the menstrual cycle, the quantity,
color and quality of periods, and whether men-
struation is accompanied by pain . The most com-
mon disorders include early, delayed, or irregular
menstruation, profuse or heavy menstruation (me-
norrhagia), scant menstruation (oligomenorrhea),
prolonged menstruation (metrostaxis), bleeding
between periods (metrorrhagia), flooding and spot-
ting, painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea), and
cessation of menstruation or menstrual block
(amenorrhea) . Menstrual disorders may occur in
patients with persistent tumors or with a weak
constitution, or, as mentioned above, those taking
chemotherapeutic agents such as tamoxifen and
cyclophosphamide.
TCM considers that the pathology of menstrual
disorders in cancer patients is due primarily to in-
ternal damage caused by the seven emotions, exter-
nal contraction of the Six Excesses, overwork or
overexertion, congenital insufficiency of Kidney Qi,
or lack of nourishment of the Liver and Kidneys .
These factors damage the Zang organs, leading to
dysfunction of the Liver, Kidneys and Spleen, dis-
harmony of Qi and Blood, and eventually to dam-
age to the Chong and Ren vessels .
The key points in diagnosing menstrual disorders
are changes occurring in the menstrual cycle and
the amount of menses. Early, profuse, delayed or
scant menstruation are relative . It is necessary to
observe the other manifestations to differentiate
Yin from Yang, Cold from Heat, and Deficiency
from Excess . Generally speaking, early menstrua-
tion with profuse red discharge belongs to Heat and
Yang patterns, whereas delayed menstruation with a
small amount of dark-colored discharge belongs to
Cold, Yin and Deficiency patterns .
The main treatment principles for regulating
menstruation and treating menstrual disorders are
to regulate Qi and Blood, supplement the Kidneys
and fortify the Spleen, soothe the Liver and relieve
Depression, and warm and nourish the Chong and
Ren vessels.
PROFUSE, EARLY AND
PROLONGED MENSTRUATION
Etiology and pathology
Steaming of Heat Toxins and predominance of
exuberant Liver-Fire or Qi Deficiency failing to
contain the Blood in cancer patients causes the fre-
netic movement of Blood leading to early men-
struation characterized by profuse amounts of
menstrual blood . Prolonged menstruation in cancer
patients is due to Blood Deficiency in the Chong
and Ren vessels, Cold congealing and Qi stagnating,
or the accumulation of Toxic pathogenic factors
and Blood stasis .
Blood-Heat leading to early or prolonged
menstruation
• Blood-Heat due to exuberant Yang: Constitutional
Yang exuberance, over-intake of materia medica to
warm the Uterus and reinforce Yang, overindul-
gence in spicy, warm and dry foods, or living in a
high-temperature environment for a long period
will result in pathogenic Heat invading the interior,
and disturbing the function of the Chong and Ren
vessels, thus forcing the Blood to move frenetically.
• Blood-Heat due to Liver Depression : Damage to the
seven emotions causes Liver Depression, which
transforms into Fire. Heat will then disturb the
functions of the Chong and Ren vessels .
• Blood-Heat due to Yin Deficiency : Constitutional
Yin Deficiency, tumors consuming the Essence and
Blood, or insufficiency of Yin-Essence due to
chronic loss of blood will lead to Yin Deficiency
and Yang hyperactivity. Deficiency-Heat generated
internally moves downward to disturb the Sea of


MENSTRUAL DISORDERS 311

'egulating Blood, which therefore causes the Blood to leak out scant, thick purplish-red menstrual blood with pro-
rders are of the vessels to cause early or prolonged men- longed menstruation, a tender and red tongue body,
Kidneys struation. and a thready and rapid pulse .
id relieve • Kidney Deficiency patterns are characterized by
-long and Kidney Deficiency scant amounts of thin, dull-colored menstrual
Congenital insufficiency, multiple childbirth and ex- blood, a pale tongue body, and a deep and thready
cessive sexual activity can damage Kidney Qi to lead pulse, with a particularly weak cubit (chi) pulse .
to failure of the storage function and lack of con- • Spleen Deficiency patterns are characterized by
solidation of the Chong and Ren vessels, resulting a profuse amount of pale, thin menstrual blood, a
in irregular menstruation . pale and enlarged tongue, and a thready and weak
pulse .
• Blood stasis patterns are characterized by ir-
LION Spleen Deficiency
re ar menstruation with dark menstrual blood and
Constitutional Deficiency, excessive thought and
blood clots, alleviation of abdominal pain after dis-
preoccupation, overexertion, lack of nourishment in
a serious illness, or dietary irregularities damage the charge of the clots, a dull purple tongue body or a
Spleen and Stomach. Qi Deficiency in the Middle tongue with stasis spots and marks, and a rough
pulse .
Burner will result in failure of the control and con-
lance of tainment function and lack of consolidation of the The main principle in treating menstrual disor-
ailing to Chong and Ren vessels, leading to early menstrua- ders lies in consolidating the Chong vessel to regu-
s the fre- tion. late the menstrual cycle and return menstruation to
rly men- normal . This needs to be assisted by clearing Heat,
)unts of enriching Yin, supplementing the Kidneys, fortify-
in cancer Blood stasis ing the Spleen or dispelling Blood stasis, depending
• Chong Internal damage due to the seven emotions, not on the patterns identified .
agnating, looking after oneself properly during menstruation
• factors or postpartum, external contraction of pathogenic
Cold, knocks and falls, or surgical trauma can lead BLOOD-HEAT
to Blood stasis obstructing the Chong and Ren ves-
sels . It is difficult for new Blood to enter the chan-
re d BLOOD-HEAT DUE TO EXUBERANT
nels, resulting in early menstruation .
YANG
titutional
aedica to Pattern identification and Main symptoms and signs
verindul- Early menstruation with profuse amounts of thick
ving in a treatment principles and sticky bright red or purplish-red menstrual
g period blood, red face and cheeks, thirst with a desire for
The main characteristics of this condition are early cold drinks, short voidings of yellow urine, and
interior,
or prolonged menstruation . The quantity, color and constipation . The tongue body is red with a dry
and Ren
netically, quality of the menstrual blood, and the, signs ob- yellow coating; the pulse is slippery and rapid .
ge to the served in tongue and pulse examinations should be
taken into account in pattern identification .
i, which HERBAL MEDICINE
;turb the • Profuse quantities of thick, dark-colored men-
strual blood, a red tongue body, and a rapid and Treatment principle
titutional forceful pulse indicate an Excess-Heat pattern. Clear Heat and cool the Blood, consolidate the
ence and :m Irregular menstruation with profuse or scant Chong vessel and regulate menstruation .
due to ounts of thick dull red menstrual blood, a dull red
-eficiency tongue body, and a wiry and rapid pulse indicate a Prescription
venerated pattern of Liver Depression transforming into Fire . QING JING SAN
t Sea of Deficiency-Heat patterns are characterized by Menses-Clearing Powder

312 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 1 Og
Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis) 15g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 1 Og
Qing Hao (Herba Artemisiae Chinghao) 15g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Explanation
• Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis), Di Gu Pi
(Cortex Lycii Radicis) and Sheng Di Huang
(Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) clear Heat and
cool the Blood .
• Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) and Qing Hao
(Herba Artemisiae Chinghao) drain Heat and
strengthen Yin .
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) constrains
Yin and emolliates the Liver .
• Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) fortifies the
Spleen .
Modifications
1 . For profuse menstrual blood with blood clots,
add Di Yu (Radix Sanguisorbae Officinalis) 15g
to the decoction, and infuse San Qi Fen (Pulvis
Radicis Notoginseng) 3g in water and take
separately; these materia medica are added to
clear Heat, transform Blood stasis and stop
bleeding.
2. For irritability and severe thirst, add Zhi Mu
(Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) 10g
and Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae asminoidis) 1 Og
to clear Heat and eliminate irritability .
Alternative formula
Indication : Profuse menstruation pouring down
due to exuberance of pathogenic Heat .
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and cool the Blood, consolidate the
Chong vessel and stop bleeding .
Prescription
QING RE GU ING TANG
Decoction for Clearing Heat and Consolidating the
Menses
Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis) 1 Og
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Gui Ban* (Plastrum Testudinis) 30g, decocted for 30
minutes before adding the other ingredients
Mu Lit (Concha Ostreae) 30g, decocted for 30
minutes before adding the other ingredients
E iaoo (Gelatinum Corii Asini) 10g, melted in the
prepared decoction
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae asminoidis) 1Og
Di Yu (Radix Sanguisorbae Officinalis) 15g
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) log
Ou ie (Nodus Nelumbinis Nuciferae Rhizo-
matis) log
Zong Lu Tan (Fibra Carbonisata Trachycarpi
Stipulae) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and cool the Blood, consolidate the
Chong vessel and regulate menstruation .
Points: SP-6 Sanyinjiao, CV-6 Qihai, ST-25 Tianshu,
LI-4 Hegu, LR-3 Taichong, and PC-7 Daling .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
ducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes .
Explanation
• SP-6 Sanyinjiao, the jiao hui (confluence) point
of the three Yin channels of the foot, clears
Heat to re ate menstruation.
CV-6 Qihai, the jiao hui (confluence) point of
the Ren vessel and the three Yin channels of
the foot, consolidates the Chong vessel to regu-
late menstruation.
• ST-25 Tianshu regulates Qi and Blood in the
Lower Burner to regulate menstruation .
LI-4 Hegu and LR-3 Taichong, the si guan (four
gates) points, clear Heat and cool the Blood.
PC-7 Daling clears Heart-Fire to cool the Blood
and stop bleeding.
BLOOD-HEAT DUE TO LIVER
DEPRESSION
Main symptoms and signs
Profuse or scant irregular menstruation with


MENSTRUAL DISORDERS 313

osae) 15g purplish-red blood and blood clots, irritability and and Yi Mu Cao (Herba Leonuri Heterophylli)
ted for 30 irascibility, distension and pain in the chest, hypo- 25g to regulate Qi and invigorate the Blood .
is chondrium and breast, and a dry mouth with a bit- 2. For severe distension and pain in the chest,
~d fo 30 ter taste . The tongue body is dull red with a thin hypochondrium and breast, add Chuan Lian Zi
is yellow coating, the pulse is wiry, slippery and rapid. (Fructus Meliae Toosendan) 10g and Si Gua Luo
ted in the (Fasciculus Vascularis Luffae) IOg to dredge the
HERBAL MEDICINE Liver, regulate Qi and free the network vessels.
Treatment principle
Dredge the Liver and relieve Depression, cool the ACUPUNCTURE
Blood and consolidate the Chong vessel.
Treatment principle
ichycarpi Prescription Dredge the Liver and relieve Depression, cool the
DAN ZHI XIAO YAO SAN IA IAN Blood and consolidate the Chong vessel .
Moutan and Gardenia Free Wanderer Powder, with
modifications Points : LI-4 Hegu, LR-3 Taichong, CV-6 Qihai,
SP-6 Sanyinjiao, BL-18 Ganshu, and LR-14 Qimen .
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 15g
Chao Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae asminoidis, Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
lidate the stir-fried) 10g ducing method. Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
Chaff Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 10g utes .
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 6g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 1Og
Explanation
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
• LI-4 Hegu and LR-3 Taichong, the si guan (four
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g gates) points, drain Fire and cool the Blood .
Bo He (Herba Menthae Haplocalycis) 6g, added 5-10 BL-18 Ganshu and LR-14 Qimen, the back-shu
minutes before the end of the decoction process and front-mu points related to the Liver, dredge
the Liver and relieve Depression .
Explanation • SP-6 Sanyinjiao, the jiao hui (confluence) point
ice) point of the three Yin channels of the foot, clears
'ot, clears • Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) and Chao
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae asminoidis, stir-fried) Heat to regulate m enstruation.
clear the Liver and drain Heat . CV-6 Qihai, the jiao hui (confluence) point of
point of
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Chi Shao the Ren vessel and the three Yin channels of
annels of
.1 to regu- (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) and Bai Sbao (Radix the foot, consolidates the Chong vessel to regu-
Paeoniae Lactiflorae) nourish and harmonize late menstruation.
Dd in the the Blood.
1. • Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) and Bai Zhu BLOOD-HEAT DUE TO YIN DEFICIENCY
guan (four (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) fortify
Mood. the Spleen . Main symptoms and signs
the Blood • Bo He (Herba Menthae Haplocalycis) and Chai Early menstruation with scant or profuse, thick and
Hu (Radix Bupleuri) dredge the Liver and re- sticky, dark red or purplish-red menstrual blood,
lieve Depression . dizziness, tidal fever, sweating, a sensation of heat
in the chest, palms and soles, and a dry mouth and
Modifications throat . The tongue body is tender and red with a
1 . For pain in the lower abdomen, add Zhi Xiang scant coating or no coating; the pulse is thready and
Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi, processed) lOg rapid .
ion with

314 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Nourish Yin and clear Heat, cool the Blood and
consolidate the Chong vessel.
Prescription
LIANG DI TANG
Rehmannia and Wolfberry Root Bark Decoction
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis) 15g
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis) 12g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis aponici) 15g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
E iaol (Gelatinum Corii Asini) 10g, melted in the
prepared decoction
Explanation
• Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae),
Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis), Xuan Shen
(Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis), and Mai
Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis aponici) nour-
ish Yin and clear Heat.
• Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) and E iaot
(Gelatinum Corii Asini) nourish the Blood and
stop bleeding.
Modifications
1 . For an excessive amount of menstrual blood,
add Nii Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
and Han Lian Cao (Herba Ecliptae Prostratae)
15g to cool the Blood and stop bleeding .
2. For dizziness, tinnitus, insomnia and profuse
dreaming, add Long Gut (Os Draconis) 30g and
Mu Lit (Concha Ostreae) 30g, both decocted
for 30 minutes before adding the other ingredi-
ents, to enrich Yin and subdue Yang .
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Nourish Yin and clear Heat, cool the Blood and
consolidate the Chong vessel.
Points: CV-6 Qihai, SP-6 Sanyinjiao, KI-3 Taixi,
KI-6 Zhaohai, BL-23 Shenshu, and HT-6 Yinxi .
Technique: Use filiform needles and apply the
even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
Explanation
• CV-6 Qihai and SP-6 Sanyinjiao cool the Blood
and consolidate the Chong vessel .
• KI-3 Taixi, KI-6 Zhaohai and BL-23 Shenshu
enrich and supplement Kidney Yin, nourish Yin
and clear Heat.
• HT-6 Yinxi, the xi (cleft) point of the Heart
channel, clears Heat and cools the Blood .
OTHER PATTERNS
NON-CONSOLIDATION OF KIDNEY QI
Main symptoms and signs
Early menstruation with scant, thin, dull-colored
menstrual blood, limpness and aching in the lower
back and knees, dizziness, tinnitus, cold hands and
feet, long voidings of clear urine, frequent nocturia,
and loose stools. The tongue body is pale with a
thin white coating; the pulse is deep, thready and
forceless, being particularly weak at the cubit (chi)
pulse.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Supplement the Kidneys and augment Qi, consoli-
date the Chong vessel and regulate menstruation .
Prescription
ZUO GUI WAN IA IAN
Restoring the Left [Kidney Yin] Pill, with modifica-
tions
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) 15g
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) 1Og
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 30g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 15g
Lu iao iaot (Gelatinum Cornu Cervi) 10g, melted in
the prepared decoction
Gui Ban iao* (Gelatinum Plastri Testudinis) 10g,
melted in the prepared decoction


MENSTRUAL DISORDERS 315

Explanation Kidneys and augments Qi.

apply the
minutes . Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae • CV-6 Qihai, the jiao hui (confluence) point of
Conquita), Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Offici- the Ren vessel and the three Yin channels of
nalis), Gou Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii) and Gui Ban the foot, consolidates the Chong vessel to regu-
iao* (Gelatinum Plastri Testudinis) replenish late menstruation.
the Blood ST-36 Zusanli nourishes Qi and Blood by sup-
and supplement Kidney Yin .
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) and Lu iao iaoo plementing Post-Heaven Essence.
3 Shenshu
(Gelatinum Cornu Cervi) supplement the Kid-
:)urish Yin
neys and consolidate the Chong vessel . SPLEEN QI DEFICIENCY
the Heart • Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) for-
tifies the Spleen and augments Qi . Main symptoms and signs
.od . Early menstruation with profuse, pale, thin men-
Modifications strual blood, a lusterless facial complexion, mental
1 . For a greater amount of menstrual blood, add and physical fatigue, shortage of Qi and little desire
Du Zhong Tan (Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis to speak, a sagging sensation in the lower abdomen,
EY QI Carbonisatum) 12g and Sang Ye (Folium Mori and thin and loose stools . The tongue body is pale
Albae) 12g to supplement the Kidneys and stop with a white coating; the pulse is thready, weak and
bleeding. forceless.
ill-colored
2 . For limpness and aching in the lower back and
the lower
knees, add Sang i Sheng (Ramulus Loranthi) 15g HERBAL MEDICINE
lands and and Xu Duan (Radix Dipsaci) 15g to strengthen
nocturia, the lower back and knees by supplementing the Treatment principle
de with a Fortify the Spleen and augment Qi, consolidate the
Kidneys.
ready and Chong vessel and regulate menstruation .
cubit (chi)
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION Prescription
BU ZHONG YI QI TANG
Treatment principle Decoction for Supplementing the Middle Burner
Supplement the Kidneys and augment Qi, consoli- and Augmenting Qi
date the Chong vessel and regulate menstruation .
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
., consoli- Points : CV-4 Guanyuan, GV 4 Mingmen, CV-6 Zhi Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari,
uation . Qihai, BL-23 Shenshu, KI-7 Fuliu, and ST-36 mix-fried with honey) 30g
Zusanli. Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re- Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 6g
modifica- inforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) lOg
minutes . Moxibustion can be performed after acu- Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) 1 Og
puncture, if required. Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 1Og
isae Con- Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
Explanation honey) 6g

30g • CV-4 Guanyuan is an important point for culti-

vating and supplementing Original Qi (Yuan Qi) .
Combining CV -4 Guanyuan with BL-23 Shen-
melted in shu, the back- .chu point related to the Kidneys,
KI-7 Fuliu, the mu (mother) point of the Kid-
nis) log, ney channel, and GV 4 Mingmen warms and
supplements Original Qi, supplements the
Explanation
• Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae), Zhi
Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari,
mix-fried with honey), Bai Zhu (Rhizoma
Atractylodis Macrocephalae), and Zhi Gan Cao
(Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey)

fortify the Spleen, supplement the Middle
Burner and augment Qi .
• Dan Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) consoli-
dates the Chong vessel and regulates menstrua-
tion .
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Retic ulatae) regulates
Qi and harmonizes the Middle Burner .
Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) and Chai Hit
(Radix Bupleuri) bear Yang upward and raise
the fall .
Modifications
1 . For palpitations, shortness of breath, insomnia
and profuse dreaming, add Long Iirn Rou (Arillus
Euphoriae Longanae) 10g and Chao Suan Zao
Ref? (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, stir-fried) 15g to
augment Qi, nourish the Blood and quiet the
Spirit.
For poor appetite, add Shan I•ao (Rhizoma Dio-
scoreae Oppositae) 30g, Lian Zi (Semen Ne-
lumbinis Nuciferae) 15g, Chao Gu Ya (Fructus
Setariae Italicae Germinatus, stir-fried) 15g, and
Chao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germi-
nates, stir-fried) 15g to fortify the Spleen and
harmonize the Stomach .
Alternative formula
Indication : Qi Deficiency combined with Blood
Deficiency.
Treatment principle
Augment Qi, nourish the Blood and regulate men-
struation .
Prescription
SHENG YU TANG
Sagely Cure Decoction
Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) 10g
Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 10g
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 6g
Shy Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) 1Og
Shen Di Huan (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and augment Qi, consolidate the
Chong vessel and regulate menstruation .
Points : BL-20 Pishu, LR-13 Zhangmen, ST-36
Zusanli, CV-4 Guanyuan, EX-CA-1 Zigong, CV-6
Qihai, and SP-6 Sanyinjiao .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
inforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30
minutes. Moxibustion can be performed after acu-
puncture, if required .
Explanation
• BL-20 Pishu and LR-13 Zhangmen, the
front-mu and back-shu points related to the
Spleen, fortify the Spleen and augment Qi .
• ST-36 Zusanli, an important point for
strengthening the body, augments Qi and sup-
plements the Blood .
CV -6 Qihai and EX-CA-1 Zigong regulate the
functional activities of Qi in the Lower Burner
to regulate menstruation and consolidate the
Chong vessel .
CV-4 Guanvuan nourishes the Blood and bene-
fits the Uterus.
• SP-6 Sanyinjiao fortifies the Spleen and regu-
lates menstruation.
BLOOD STASIS
Main symptoms and signs
Early menstruation with profuse or scant dull pur-
ple menstrual blood with blood clots, and pain and
tenderness in the lower abdomen with alleviation of
pain after expulsion of the clots . The tongue body
is dark purple with stasis spots or marks ; the pulse
is rough, or wiry and rough.
HERBAL MIIFDICINE
Treatment principle
Invigorate the Biood and transform Blood stasis,
consolidate the Chong vessel and regulate men-
struation .

N Prescription
TAO HONG SI WU TANG HE SHI XIAO
SAN
olidate the Peach Kernel and Safflower Four Agents Decoction
Combined With Sudden Smile Powder
en, ST-36 Tao Ken (Semen Persicae) 10g
ong, CV-6 Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) I Og
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) I Og
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 10g
ply the re-
for 20-30 Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) 15g
after acu-
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Pu Huang (Pollen Typhae) 1Og, wrapped
Wu Ling Zhi (Excrementum Trogopteri) I Og,
wrapped
men, the
;d to the
Explanation
t Qi.
• Tao Ren (Semen Persicae), Hong Hua (Flos Car-
)oint for
thami Tinctorii) and Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma
.and sup-
Ligustici Chuanxiong) invigorate the Blood and
transform Blood stasis.
gulate the
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Shu Di
,er Burner
Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita)
-lidate the and Bai. Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) con-
solidate the Chong vessel, nourish the Blood
and bene- and regulate menstruation .
• Pu Huang (Pollen Typhae) and Wu Ling Zhi t
and regu-
(Excrementum Trogopteri) dissipate Blood sta-
sis and stop bleeding.
Modifications
1 . For large amounts of blood clots and severe
dull pur- pain in the lower abdomen, add Yi Mu Cao
pain
n and (Herba Leonuri Heterophylli) 25g to the decoc-
viation of tion and infuse San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis
tgue body Notoginseng) 3g in water and take separately;
these materia medica enhance the effect in in-
the pulse
vigorating the Blood, transforming Blood stasis
and alleviating pain .
2 . For distension in the hypochondrium and irrita-
bility, add Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis)
12g and Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Meliae Toosen-
od stasis, dan) 10g to dredge the Liver and clear Heat .
ate men- 3 . For cold and pain in the lower abdomen and
cold limbs, add Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi
MENSTRUAL DISORDERS 317
Cassiae) 10g, added 5 minutes before the end of
the decoction process, and Ai Ye (Folium Ar-
temisiae Argyi) 10g to warm the Uterus and dis-
sipate Cold.
Alternative formula
Indication: Blood stasis combined with Qi stagna-
tion.
Treatment principle
Regulate Qi and invigorate the Blood .
Prescription
XUE FU ZHU YU TANG
Decoction for Expelling Stasis from the House of
Blood
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae) 10g
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) l Og
Chi Sbao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) IOg
Zhi Ke (Fructus Cirri Aurantii) I Og
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 1 Og
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 6g
ie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) 1 Og
Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) 15g
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Invigorate the Blood and transform Blood stasis,
consolidate the Chong vessel and regulate men-
struation .
Points : SP-6 Sanyinjiao, SP-10 Xuehai, BL-17 Geshu,
CV-6 Qihai, EX-CA-1 Zigong, LI-4 Hegu, and
LR-3 Taichong.
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
ducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes .
Explanation
• SP-6 Sanyinjiao, SP-10 Xuehai and BL-17 Geshu
invigorate the Blood and transform Blood stasis
to regulate menstruation .
• CV-6 Qihai and EX-CA-1 Zigong invigorate

318 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
the Blood by regulating Qi and Blood in the
Lower Burner and moving Qi .
LI-4 Hegu and LR-3 Taichong, the si guan (four
gates) points, open blockage and move Qi .
DELAYED MENSTRUATION
AND MENSTRUAL BLOCK
Delayed menstruation refers to periods being de-
layed for at least seven days compared with the
normal menstrual cycle or to the menstrual cycle
lasting 40-50 days. Menstrual block (amenorrhea) is
defined as the absence of periods, which either
never started _ at puberty or cease to occur for at
least three months in non-pregnant or postpartum
women who would normally menstruate .
Etiology and pathology
The pathology of these conditions may manifest
either as a Deficiency pattern or as an Excess pat-
tern. Deficiency patterns usually relate to Blood
Deficiency or Yin Deficiency, with the result that
the Sea of Blood cannot be filled at the appropriate
time . Excess patterns are generally caused by
pathogenic Cold, Liver Depression or Phlegm-
Damp stagnating in and obstructing the Sea of
Blood, with the movement of Blood then being
impeded, leading to delayed menstruation and, in
severe cases, to menstrual block . Depression and
binding of Liver Qi affects the Gate of Vitality ;
Heat Toxins from tumors affect the extra channels
resulting in breakdown of the Du vessel's functions .
The pathologies described below are aggravated in
women with endometrial carcinoma, ovarian cancer
and breast cancer.
Qi and Blood Deficiency
A weak constitution, major damage to Qi and
Blood in severe or prolonged illnesses, or dietary
irregularities, excessive thought and preoccupation,
and overexertion damaging the Spleen and Stomach
lead to insufficiency of the source of transforma-
tion, Qi and Blood Deficiency, and damage to the
Chong and Ren vessels, resulting in emptiness of
the Sea of Blood and lack of discharge from the
Uterus at the expected time .
Insufficiency of the Liver and Kidneys
Congenital insufficiency; early pregnancy, profuse
lactation, excessive sexual activity ; or damage to the
Kidneys in prolonged illnesses will result in con-
sumption of Kidney-Essence . When the Essence
cannot transform into Blood, Yin and Blood will be
insufficient and the Chong and Ren vessels under-
nourished, with the result that the Sea of Blood
cannot be filled at the appropriate time and men-
struation will be delayed .
Blood-Cold
The Blood Chamber opening up during menstrua-
non or postpartum and therefore losing its regulat-
ing and containment function, external contraction
of pathogenic Cold, over-intake of raw and cold
food or bitter and cold materia medica, living in a
cold and damp environment for a long time, or ex-
posure to rain or damp can result in pathogenic
Cold invading the interior and Blood turning cold
and congealing . Obstruction of the movement of
blood will delay menstruation . In addition, constitu-
tional Yang Deficiency leads to lack of warmth in
the Uterus and uterine vessels and Deficiency-Cold
in the Chong and Ren vessels. The Blood will
therefore have insufficient force to move, resulting
in delayed menstruation.
Qi Depression
In patients with repressed emotions, depression and
anger damage the Liver, resulting in inhibition of
the functional activities of Qi, obstruction of the
movement of Blood, and stagnation in the Chong
and Ren vessels . As a result, the Sea of Blood can-
not be discharged regularly ; leading to delayed men-
struation .
Phlegm-Damp
In women with a tendency to be overweight, a
predilection for fatty, sweet or rich foods, or where
Kidney Yang is insufficient, water and Body Fluids
cannot be steamed and transformed ; water and
Dampness will accumulate to form Phlegm .


MENSTRUAL DISORDERS 319

mess of Devitalization of Spleen Yang resulting in impair- HERBAL MEDICINE

Tom the ment of the transportation and transformation
Treatment principle
function will also cause Dampness to accumulate
Augment Qi, nourish the Blood and regulate men-
and generate Phlegm . When Phlegm-Damp pours
down and stagnates in the Chong and Ren vessels struation.
profuse and the Sea of Blood, menstruation will be delayed . Prescription
ae to the SHI QUAN DA BU TANG
in con- Perfect Major Supplementation Decoction
Essence Pattern identification and
)d will be treatment principles Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
is under- Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
)f Blood Delayed menstruation and menstrual block should Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
nd men- be differentiated into Deficiency and Excess pat- Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
terns for treatment : honey) 10g
• Scant amounts of thin, pale menstrual blood, Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 15g
and a thready and weak pulse generally indicate a Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
nenstrua- pattern of Qi and Blood Deficiency. Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 1 Og
s regulat- • Scant amounts of dull-colored menstrual blood, Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
ntraction a history of delayed menarche, accompanied by quita) 15g
and cold aching in the lower back, tinnitus, and a deep and Zhi Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari,
.ving in a thready pulse generally indicate a pattern of Liver mix-fried with honey) 15g
ie, or ex- and Kidney Deficiency. Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) 6g, added
ithogenic • Scant amounts of thin, dull-colored, 5-10 minutes before the end of the decoction
wing cold fishy-smelling menstrual blood indicate Blood-Cold . process
:ment of • Delayed menstruation with scant amounts of
constitu- dull-colored menstrual blood, accompanied by
carmth in Explanation
emotional depression and distension and pain in the • Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae), Bai
:ncy-Cold chest and hypochondrium, suggests a pattern of Qi
lood will Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae), Fu
stagnation or Qi Depression . Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos), Zbi Gan Cao
resulting • Scant amounts of pale and sticky menstrual (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey), and
blood in overweight women with profuse vaginal Zhi Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari,
discharge suggest a pattern of Phlegm-Damp .
mix-fried with honey) fortify the Spleen and
The main treatment method for delayed men- augment Qi .
ssion and struation and menstrual block is to harmonize the
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Bai Shao
:bition of menstrual cycle by regulating the Chong and Ren
>n of the (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae), Chuan Xiong (Rhi-
vessels; in many of the patterns below, this is
ae Chong zoma Ligustici Chuanxiong), and Shu Di Huang
achieved by nourishing the Blood.
lood can- (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita) nour-
Lyed men- ish and supplement the Blood to regulate the
QI AND BLOOD DEFICIENCY Chong and Ren vessels and regulate menstrua-
Main symptoms and signs tion.
Delayed menstruation with scant amounts of pale, Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) warms
thin menstrual blood, a lusterless or sallow yellow and supplements Yang Qi.
weight, a
or where facial complexion, dizziness, blurred vision, palpita-
~dy Fluids tions, insomnia, and mental and physical fatigue . Modifications
eater and The tongue body is pale with a thin white coating ; 1. For poor appetite, add Sha Ren (Fructus Amomi)
Phlegm . the pulse is thready and weak . 5g, added 5 minutes before the end of the

decoction process, and Chen Pi (Pericarpium Ci-
te Reticulatae) 1Og to reinforce the transporta-
tion function of the Spleen .
2. For palpitations and insomnia, add Long Ian Rou
(Arillus Euphoriae Longanae) 12g and Chao
Suan Zao Rest (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, stir-fried)
15g to nourish the Blood and quiet the Spirit .
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION
Treatment principle
Augment Qi, nourish the Blood and regulate men-
struation.
Points : SP-6 Sanyinjiao, CV-6 Qihai, SP-10 Xuehai,
ST-36 Zusanli, ST-29 Guilai, BL-20 Pishu, and
SP-3 Taibai.
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
inforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30
minutes. Moxibustion can be performed after acu-
puncture, if required .
Explanation
• CV-6 Qihai consolidates the Chong vessel to
regulate menstruation.
• Combining SP-6 Sanyinjiao, the jiao hui (con-
fluence) point of the three Yin channels of the
foot, and CV-6 Qihai, the jiao hui (confluence)
point of the Ren vessel and the three Yin
channels of the foot, with ST-29 Guilai, a point
on the Foot Yangming channel frequently used
for regulating menstruation, nourishes the
Blood and regulates menstruation .
• BL-20 Pishu, ST-36 Zusanli, SP-3 Taibai, and
SP-10 Xuehai fortify the Spleen to enrich the
source of generation and transformation of
Later Heaven Qi and Blood, augment Qi and
nourish the Blood .
INSUFFICIENCY OF THE LIVER AND
KIDNEYS
Main symptoms and signs
Delayed menstruation with scant amounts of thin,
dull-colored menstrual blood, delayed menarche,
dizziness, tinnitus, a sensation of heat in the chest,
palms and soles, dry mouth and throat, and limp-
ness and aching in the lower back and knees. The
tongue body is tender and red with a scant coating
or no coating ; the pulse is thready and rapid.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Enrich and supplement the Liver and Kidneys,
nourish the Blood and regulate menstruation .
Prescription
DA YING IAN IA WEI
Major Nutritive Qi Brew, with additions
Doug Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 15g
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) 15g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis) 12g
Huai Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) 15g
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) 6g
Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) 10g, added
5-10 minutes before the end of the decoction
process
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) 10g
Ba i Tian (Radix Morindae Officinalis) 1 Og
Zi He Chef- (Placenta Hominis) 1 Og
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 1 Og
Explanation
• Doug Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Shu Di
Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita)
nourish the Blood and regulate menstruation .
• Gon Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii), Du Zhong (Cortex
Eucommiae Ulmoidis), Huai Niu Xi (Radix
Achyranthis Bidentatae), Shan Zhu I'u (Fructus
Corni Officinalis), and Ba i Tian (Radix Morin-
dae Officinalis) enrich and supplement the Liver
and Kidneys to supplement and augment the
Chong and Ren vessels .
• Zi He C>e= (Placenta Hominis) greatly supple-
ments Original Qi (Yuan Qi) .
• Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) and Zhi
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) regulate Qi and harmonize the Stomach .


MENSTRUAL DISORDERS 321

ad limp- • Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) warms Explanation

.ees. The and supplements Yang Qi so that Yin is assisted • SP-6 Sanyinjiao and CV -6 Qihai are important
t coating by Yang to provide an inexhaustible source of points for regulating menstruation .
1. generation and transformation. • Combining BL-18 Ganshu, the back-shu point
related to the Liver, and LR-3 Taichong, the
Modifications yuan (source) point of the Liver channel, regu-
1 . For tidal fever, sweating, and a sensation of heat lates and supplements Liver-Blood .
in the palms and soles, add Gui Ban* (Plastrum • Combining BL-23 Shenshu, the back-shu point
Kidneys, related to the Kidneys, with KI-3 Taixi and
Testudinis) 30g and Sheng Di Huang (Radix
infl . Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g to enrich Yin and KI-7 Fuliu, the yuan (source) and mu (mother)
points of the Kidney channel, supplements the
clear Heat.
2 . For severe pain in the lower back, add Sang i Kidneys and replenishes the Essence .
Sheng (Ramulus Loranthi) 15g and Xu Duan
(Radix Dipsaci) 15g to supplement the Kidneys BLOOD-COLD
and strengthen the lumbar spine.
Main symptoms and signs
sae Con-
Alternative formula Delayed menstruation with scant amounts of thin,
Indication: Liver and Kidney Deficiency compli- dull red and fishy-smelling menstrual blood, cold
cated by Deficiency-Fire. and pain in the lower abdomen relieved by warmth,
'•g cold limbs, long voidings of dear urine, and loose
15g Treatment principle stools . The tongue body is pale or dull with a thin
ied with Enrich the Kidneys and nourish Yin, clear Heat and and very moist coating; the pulse is deep and
regulate the Chong vessel . thready, or deep and tight.
added
.ecoction Prescription
YI YIN IAN IA IAN HERBAL MEDICINE
All Yin Brew, with modifications Treatment principle
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g Warm the channels and dissipate Cold, nourish the
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con- Blood and regulate menstruation .
quita) 15g
Prescription
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g WEN ING TANG
ZhiMu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) 10g
d Shu Di Menses-Warming Decoction
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis aponici) 15g
:onquita) Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis) 15g Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 15g
nation. Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
(Cortex honey) 10g
i (Radix
ACUPUNCTURE Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
(Fructus Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) 10g, added
K Morin-
Treatment principle 5-10 minutes before the end of the decoction
the Liver Enrich and supplement the Liver and Kidneys, process
nent the nourish the Blood and regulate menstruation . E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 10g
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
supple- Points : SP-6 Sanyinjiao, CV -6 Qihai, BL-18 Ganshu,
Chuan Niu Xi (Radix Cyathulae Officinalis) 1 Og
LR-3 Taichong, BL-23 Shenshu, KI-3 Taixi, and
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 1 Og
and Zhi KI-7 Fuliu .
ed with
Technique: Use filiform needles and apply the rein- Explanation
,tomach.
forcing method. Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes . • Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae and

Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) fortify the Spleen and augment Qi.
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Bai
Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) nourish the
Blood to regulate the Chong and Ren vessels
and regulate menstruation .
• Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) warms
and supplements Yang Qi .
• E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae), Chuan Niu Xi
(Radix Cyathulae Officinalis) and Mu Dan Pi
(Cortex Moutan Radicis) transform Blood sta-
sis .
Modifications
1 . For severe cold and pain in the lower abdomen,
add Ai Ye (Folium Artemisiae Argyi) 10g and
Wu Zhu Yu (Fructus Evodiae Rutaecarpae) 3g to
warm the Uterus, dissipate Cold and alleviate
pain .
2 . For delayed menstruation with numerous blood
clots and pain that is alleviated after passage of
the clots, add Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinc-
torii) 1 Og and Yi Mu Cao (Herba Leonuri Het-
erophylli) 20g; infuse San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis
Notoginseng) 3g in water and take separately .
These materia medica are used to transform
Blood stasis, free menstruation and alleviate
pain.
Alternative formula
Indication: Blood-Cold complicated by Blood sta-
sis .
Treatment principle
Warm the channels and dissipate Cold, invigorate
the Blood and transform Blood stasis .
Prescription
SHAO FU ZHU YU TANG
Decoction for Expelling Stasis from the Lower
Abdomen
Xiao Hui Xiang (Fructus Foeniculi Vulgaris) 6g
Yin Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) 10g
Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamon -ii Cassiae) 1Og
Mo Yao (Myrrha) 10g
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 6g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Pao iang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis
Praeparata) 3g
Pu Huang (Pollen Typhae) 15g
Wit Ling Zhit (Excrementum Trogopteri) 15g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 1 Og
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION
Treatment principle
Warm the channels and dissipate Cold, nourish the
Blood and regulate menstruation .
Points : ST-29 Guilai, CV-4 Guanyuan, GV 4
Mingmen, ST-25 Tianshu, SP-10 Xuehai, and
EX-CA-1 Zigong.
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the
even method . Retain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
Follow with warm-needling moxibustion at all the
points except SP-10 Xuehai .
Explanation
GV-4 Mingmen and CV-4 Guanyuan warm and
supplement Original Yang to dispel Cold .
• EX-CA-1 Zigong, ST-29 Guilai and ST-25
Tianshu are local points . Moxibustion at these
points warms the channels and dissipates Cold .
SP-10 Xuehai nourishes the Blood and regulates
menstruation .
QI DEPRESSION
Main symptoms and signs
Delayed menstruation with scant amounts of dull
red menstrual blood, sometimes with blood clots,
emotional depression, frequent sighing or irritability,
restlessness and irascibility, distension and fullness
in the chest and hypochondrium, and distension
and pain in the breast. The tongue body is normal
or dull with a thin white or thin yellow coating ; the
pulse is wiry, or wiry and thready .
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Dredge the Liver and relieve Depression, regulate
Qi and menstruation .

Prescription
CHAI HU SHU GAN SAN IA IAN
Bupleurum Powder for Dredging the Liver, with
modifications
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 1 Og
Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi) 10g
Zhi Ke (Fructus Cirri Aurantii) 15g
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 1 Og
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) 10g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 15g
i Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 15g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 1Og
Explanation
• Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri), Xiang Fu (Rhizoma
Cyperi Rotundi) and Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Au-
rantii) dredge the Liver and relieve Depression .
• Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) and Dang
Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) nourish and sup-
plement the Blood to regulate the Chong and
Ren vessels and regulate menstruation .
• Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong)
and i Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) nourish and
invigorate the Blood .
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) and Zhi
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) regulate the Middle Burner and harmo-
nize the Stomach.
Modifications
1 . For severe distension and pain in the chest,
hypochondrium and breast, add Chuan Lian Zi
(Fructus Meliae Toosendan) 10g and Si Gua Luo
(Fasciculus Vascularis Luffae) 10g to dredge the
Liver and free the network vessels .
2. For pain and tenderness in the lower abdomen,
add Pu Huang (Pollen Typhae) 10g and Wu Ling
Zhi (Excrementum Trogopteri) 10g, both wrapped,
to transform Blood stasis and alleviate pain .
Alternative formula
Indication: Liver Depression transforming into
Heat.
MENSTRUAL DISORDERS 323
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and dredge the Liver .
Prescription
DAN ZHI XIAO YAO SAN
Moutan and Gardenia Free Wanderer Powder
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 15g
Chao Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae asminoidis,
stir-fried) 10g
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 1 Og
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 6g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 1Og
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Bo He (Herba Menthae Haplocalycis) 6g
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Dredge the Liver and relieve Depression, regulate
Qi and menstruation .
Points: LR-3 Taichong, BL-18 Ganshu, CV-6
Qihai, LR-14 Qimen, SP-6 Sanyinjiao, PC-6
Neiguan, and ST-25 Tianshu .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
ducing method. Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes.
Explanation
• Combining LR-3 Taichong, the yuan (source)
point of the Liver channel, with BL-18 Ganshu
and LR-14 Qimen, the back-shu and front-mu
points related to the Liver, dredges the Liver, re-
lieves Depression and regulates Qi .
• SP-6 Sanyinjiao is an important point for regu-
lating menstruation.
CV-6 Qihai and ST 25 Tianshu regulate Qi and
harmonize the Middle Burner.
• PC-6 Neiguan regulates Qi and loosens the
Chest.
PHLEGM-DAMP
Main symptoms and signs
Delayed menstruation with scant amounts of pale

menstrual blood mixed with mucus, oppression in
the chest, nausea, a sticky and greasy sensation in
the mouth, coughing and spitting of phlegm and
saliva, poor appetite, and sticky stools . The tongue
body is pale and enlarged with tooth marks at the
edges and a white and greasy or white and very
moist tongue coating ; the pulse is thready and slip-
pery.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Dry Dampness and transform Phlegm, nourish the
Blood and regulate menstruation .
Prescription
LU IAO SHUANG YIN
Degelatined Deer Antler Beverage
Lu iao Shuangt (Cornu Cervi Degelatinatum) 1 Og
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) 15g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 15g
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 1 Og
Kun Bu (Thallus Laminariae seu Eckloniae) 1 Og
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa-
rata) 1Og
Yi Mu Cao (Herba Leonuri Heterophylli) 25g
Explanation
• Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
and Huang ,Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
augment Qi and fortify the Spleen .
• Kun Bu (Thallus Laminariae seu Eckloniae) and
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa-
rata) dry Dampness and transform Phlegm .
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Chuan
Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) and Yi
Mu Cao (Herba Leonuri Heterophylli) nourish
and invigorate the Blood to regulate menstrua-
tion.
• Lu iao Shuangt (Cornu Cervi Degelatinatum)
warms Yang and invigorates the Blood.
Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) regulates Qi and
harmonizes the Stomach .
Modifications
1 . For aching in the lower back, and thin, clear and
profuse vaginal discharge, add Sang i Sheng
(Ramulus Loranthi) 15g, Xu Duan (Radix Dip-
saci) 30g and Zi Shi Yingt (Amethystum seu
Fluoritum) 20g, decocted for 20-30 minutes
before adding the other ingredients, to warm
and supplement Kidney Yang, strengthen the
lower back and stop vaginal discharge .
2 . For poor appetite, nausea and vomiting, and in-
hibited bowel movement, add Huo Xiang (Herba
Agastaches seu Pogostemi) 10g, Chen Pi (Peri-
carpium Citri Reticulatae) 10g and Sha Ren
(Fructus Amomi) 6g, added 5 minutes before
the end of the decoction process, to fortify the
Spleen and harmonize the Stomach, bear coun-
terflow downward and stop vomiting .
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Dry Dampness and transform Phlegm, nourish the
Blood and regulate menstruation .
Points : SP-6 Sanyinjiao, CV-6 Qihai, ST 29 Guilai,
BL-20 Pishu, LR-13 Zhangmen, SP-9 Yinlingquan,
CV 12 Zhongwan, and ST-36 Zusanli .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
ducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes .
Explanation
• SP-6 Sanyinjiao, CV-6 Qihai and ST-29 Guilai
nourish the Blood and regulate menstruation .
• Combining BL-20 Pishu and LR-13 Zhangmen,
the front-mu and back-shu points related to the
Spleen, with SP-9 Yinlingquan, the he (uniting)
point of the Spleen channel and an important
point for benefiting the movement of Damp-
ness throughout the body, fortifies the Spleen
and dries Dampness .
• Combining CV 12 Zhongwan, the hui (meeting)
point of the Fu organs, with ST-36 Zusanli
benefits the movement of Qi, fortifies the
Spleen,, and generates and nourishes the Blood .


Constipation

Constipation describes a condition of infrequent or uncomfortable bowel movements . A

patient with constipation may produce hard stools that are difficult to pass . In slow-transit
constipation, the stool takes considerably longer than normal to transit through the intes-
tines, with the result that frequency of defecation is reduced to once every three to five
days or even longer. Sometimes, although the frequency is not decreased, the stool is too
dry and hard to be excreted . In other instances, an obstruction or dysfunction in the intes-
tines inhibits defecation despite the patient wishing to evacuate stool
Constipation, both acute and chronic, is seen in many late-stage cancer patients . General
debilitation may impair the body's functions including the functions of the intestines;
tumors in the colon or rectum may obstruct the passage of stool, thus inhibiting defecation .
Constipation can also result from chemotherapy and local radiotherapy . It is a common
side-effect when patients are treated with plant alkaloids such as vinblastine, vincristine and
vinorelbine or taxanes such as paclitaxel . Chronic constipation may give rise to hemor-
rhoids ; straining too hard to defecate can result in anal fissures .

Etiology and pathology

When food enters the Stomach, it is transformed and transported by the Spleen and
Stomach. After the Essence is absorbed, the waste residue (the stool) is conveyed out of
the body through the Large Intestine . When the gastrointestinal function is normal, bowel
movement is not inhibited and the passage of stool is regular . Constipation can occur in
the following circumstances:
• tumors affecting the functions of the Stomach and Intestines
• Dryness and Heat binding iniernally
• Qi Deficiency leading to the stools not moving or impairing the excretion function of
the Large Intestine
• Blood Deficiency resulting in dryness and roughness in the intestinal tract
• Yin-Cold congealing and binding
In patients undergoing radiotherapy or chemotherapy, Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) of the Spleen
and the Stomach will be damaged, thus impairing their transportation function and inhib-
iting the conveyance function of the Large Intestine, and consequently giving rise to con-
stipation.

326 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Accumulation of Heat in the Stomach and In-
testines with constitutional Yang exuberance
Heat will accumulate in the Stomach and Intestines
in cancer patients with constitutional Yang exuber-
ance or overindulgence in alcohol or spicy, rich and
hot foods . Residual pathogenic Heat may also linger
in the body after a febrile disease. In both instances,
Heat consumes Body Fluids and deprives the intes-
tinal tract of moisture, resulting in dry, bound stool
that is difficult to excrete . This condition is also
known as Heat constipation (re In) .
Qi stagnation due to emotional disharmony
Overanxiety, excessive thought and preoccupation,
and other emotional problems, or sitting for a long
time without movement lead to Qi stagnation.
When Qi cannot be diffused properly, its
downward-bearing movement is impeded and
conveyance impaired . Waste matter will collect and
cannot move freely, thus resulting in constipation .
Depletion of the Lower Origin due to insuffi-
ciency of Qi and Blood
Qi and Blood will both be depleted as a result of
excessive fatigue, internal damage due to dietary
irregularities, sequelae of a long illness or postpartum,
or in old people with a weak constitution . Qi Defi-
ciency weakens the conveying function of the Large
Intestine ; Blood Deficiency dries up Body Fluids,
which cannot then moisten the Large Intestine . In
severe cases, the Essence and Blood in the Lower
Burner will be damaged, leading to depletion of the
Lower Origin. Depletion of True Yin deprives the
intestinal tract of moisture, and the stool will be dry ;
depletion of True Yang means that Body Fluids
cannot be steamed and transformed to warm and
moisten the intestinal tract . Hence, TCM considers
that constipation is also related to the Kidneys.
Internal generation of Yin-Cold resulting from
Yang Deficiency due to a weak constitution
Yin-Cold generated internally lingers in the Stom-
ach and Intestines in cancer patients with a weak
constitution due to Yang Deficiency or old age .
Congealing and binding of Yin-Cold inhibits the
movement of Yang Qi and Body Fluids, thus im-
pairing the conveyance function of the Large Intes-
tine and inducing constipation . This condition is
also known as Cold constipation (lelag bi) .
Pattern identification and
treatment principles
Constipation in cancer patients can be brought on
by a variety of factors and cannot be treated simply
by freeing downward movement . Therefore, treat-
ment principles must be used flexibly depending on
the different etiologies, pathologies and symptoms .
In particular, Deficiency patterns must be differen-
tiated from Excess patterns and treated accordingly
• Excess patterns can be subdivided into binding
of Heat and Qi stagnation:
1 . Binding of Heat should be treated by drain-
ing Heat and freeing the Fu organs .
2 . Qi stagnation should be treated by moving
Qi and guiding out stagnation .
• Deficiency patterns can be subdivided into Qi
Deficiency, Blood Deficiency and Yang Deficiency :
1 . Qi Deficiency should be treated by aug-
menting Qi and moistening the Intestines .
2 . Blood Deficiency should be treated by nour-
ishing the Blood and moistening Dryness .
3 . Yang Deficiency should be treated by warm-
ing Yang and freeing the bowels.
These constipation patterns may be seen singly or in
combination, with the result that the treatment
principles to be adopted should also be modified
according to each patient's situation .
• Constipation often occurs due to a combination
of Qi Deficiency and Blood Deficiency. The treat-
ment principles adopted, namely augmenting Qi,
nourishing the Blood, moistening the Intestines and
freeing the bowels should be weighted in accor-
dance with the relative degree of Qi and Blood
Deficiency.
• To treat Qi Deficiency accompanied by Yang
Deficiency, the principle of augmenting Qi and
moistening the Intestines should be assisted by
warming Yang and freeing the bowels .


CONSTIPATION 327

hus im- • To treat Blood Deficiency combined with Dry- • Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) nourishes
;e Intes- ness-Heat, the principles of nourishing the Blood Yin and harmonizes Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) .
lition is and moistening Dryness should be assisted by
draining Heat and freeing the Fu organs . Modifications and alternatives
Accompanying symptoms due to Qi stagnating in 1 . If Body Fluids have already been damaged, add
the Fu organs and turbid Qi not being borne down- Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
ward include dizziness, headache, abdominal 30g, Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoen-
distension and fullness (with pain in more severe sis) 30g and Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopo-
cases), oppression in the stomach, belching, reduced gonis aponici) 30g to nourish Yin and generate
ught on appetite, insomnia, irritability, and irascibility . Body Fluids .
i simply 2. For complications due to depression and anger
e, treat- damaging the Liver, manifesting as irascibility
HEAT CONSTIPATION
[ding on and red eyes, add Lu Hui* (Herba Aloes) 10g,
nptoms. Main symptoms and signs Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 10g and Zhi
lifferen- Dry and bound stool, short voidings of reddish Zi (Fructus Gardeniae asminoidis) 10g to clear
)rdingly. urine, a red face and generali zed fever, possibly ac- the Liver and free the bowels .
binding companied by abdominal distension or pain, dry 3. If Dryness-Heat is not severe and there are no
mouth and bad breath . The tongue body is red with other obvious symptoms apart from constipa-
,y drain- a yellow or yellow and dry coating; the pulse is slip- tion, or if, after treatment, the bowels have been
pery and rapid. freed, but the rectum still does not feel empty
moving after defecation, Qing Lin Van (Green-Blue
Unicorn Pill) can be used to clear the Fu organs
HERBAL MEDICINE and drain downward mildly to avoid recurrence .
into Qi
iciency: Treatment principle
by aug- Clear Heat and moisten the Intestines. ACUPUNCTURE

)y nour- Prescription Treatment principle

MA ZI REN WAN Clear Heat, moisten the Intestines and free the
y warm- Hemp Seed Pill bowels.

Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 10g, added 10 Points: BL-25 Dachangshu, ST-25 Tianshu, TB-6
gly or in minutes before the end of the decoction process Zhigou, ST 37 Shangjuxu, ST-40 Fenglong, ST 29
eatment Huo Ma Ken (Semen Cannabis Sativae) 30g Guilai, LI-4 Hegu, and LI-11 Quchi.
nodified Xing Ken (Semen Pruni Armeniacae) I Og Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g ducing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
bination Zhi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii) 1 Og utes.
ie treat- Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) IOg
ing Qi, Explanation
nes and Explanation Combining BL-25 Dachangshu and ST-25
accor- • Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), Zhi Shi Tianshu, the front-mu and back-shu points re-
Blood (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii) and Hou Po lated to the T arge Intestine, with ST 37 Shang-
(Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) free the Fu or- juxu, the xia he (lower uniting) point of the
y Yang Large Intestine channel, frees the abdomen and
gans and drain Heat .
Qi and drains Heat .
• Huo Ma Ken (Semen Cannabis Sativae) and Xing
;red by • LI-4 Hegu and LI-11 Quchi, the yuan (source)
Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae) moisten the In-
testines and free the bowels . and he (uniting) points of the Large Intestine

channel, clear Heat in the Large Intestine .
• TB-6 Zhigou, ST 40 Fenglong and ST-29 Guilai,
empirical points for treating constipation, move
the Intestines to free the bowels .
CONSTIPATION DUE TO QI STAGNATION
Main symptoms and signs
Constipation with inability to defecate in spite of
the desire to do so, frequent belching, focal disten-
sion and fullness in the chest and hypochondrium,
with abdominal distension and pain and reduced
appetite in severe cases . The tongue body is pale red
with a thin and greasy coating; the pulse is wiry.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Normalize Qi and move stagnation.
Prescription
LIU MO TANG
Six Milled Ingredients Decoction
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 1 Og
Wu Yao (Radix Linderae Strychnifoliae) 1 Og
Chen Xiang (Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum) 1 Og
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 10g, added 10
minutes before the end of the decoction process
Bing Lang* (Semen Arecae Catechu) 15g
Zbi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii) 1 Og
Explanation
• Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) regu-
lates Qi .
• Wu Yao (Radix Linderae Strychnifoliae) normal-
izes Qi .
• Chen Xiang (Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum)
bears Qi downward .
• Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), Bing Lang*
(Semen Arecae Catechu) and Zhi Shi (Fructus
Immaturus Cirri Aurantii) break up Qi and
move stagnation.
Modification:
For prolonged Qi Depression transforming into
Fire, manifesting as a bitter taste in the mouth, dry
throat, a red tongue body with a yellow coating, and
a wiry and rapid pulse, add HuangQin (Radix Scutel-
lariae Baicalensis) 10g and Zhi Zi (Fructus
Gardeniae asminoidis) 10g to clear Heat and drain
Fire.
ACUPUNCTURE
Treatment principle
Normalize Qi, move stagnation and free the bowels .
Points : BL-25 Dachangshu, ST-25 Tianshu, TB-6
Zhigou, ST 40 Fenglong, ST 29 Guilai, LR-3
Taichong, CV 12 Zhongwan, and BL-22 Sanjiaoshu .
Technique: Use filiform needles and apply the re-
ducing method. Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes.
Explanation
• BL-25 Dachangshu and ST-25 Tianshu, the
front-mu and back-shu points related to the
Large Intestine, free the abdomen and drain
Heat .
• TB-6 Zhigou, ST 40 Fenglong and ST-29 Guilai,
empirical points for treating constipation, move
the Intestines to free the bowels.
CV 12 Zhongwan, the hui (meeting) point of
the Fu organs, frees Qi in the abdomen and
bears it downward.
• LR-3 Taichong, the yuan (source) point of the
Liver channel, dredges the Liver and regulates
Qi.
BL-22 Sanjiaoshu, the back-shu point of the
Triple Burner, frees the functional activities of
Qi in the Triple Burner.
DEFICIENCY CONSTIPATION
QI DEFICIENCY
Main symptoms and signs
Desire to defecate, but insufficient force to pass
stool despite straining, perspiration and shortness
of breath on straining, fatigue after defecating even
though the stool is neither dry nor hard, mental


CONSTIPATION 329

)uth, dry fatigue, nervousness, a pallid facial complexion, a Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re-
ting, and pale and tender tongue body with a thin coating, inforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30
K Scutel- and a deficient pulse . minutes . Moxibustion can be performed after acu-
(Fructus puncture, if required.
nd drain HERBAL MEDICINE
Explanation
Treatment principle • Combining BL-25 Dachangshu and ST-25
Augment Qi and moisten the Intestines . Tianshu, the front-mu and back-tu points re-
Prescription lated to the T arge Intestine, with ST 37 Shang
HUANG QI TANG juxu, the xia he (lower uniting) point of the
bowels. Astragalus Decoction Large Intestine channel, frees the abdomen and
.u, TB-6 drains Heat .
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g • BL-20 Pishu and ST 36 Zusanli fortify the
i, LR-3 Huo Ma Ben (Semen Cannabis Sativae) 15g
ijiaoshu. Bai Mit (Mel) 30g Spleen and augment Qi .
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae) 1 Og • BL-43 Gaohuang supplements Qi to treat all
i' the re- Deficiency or debilitation patterns .
30 min- CV-4 Guanyuan supplements and augments
Explanation
• Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) sup- Original Qi (Yuan Qi) to supplement Qi in the
plements Spleen and Lung Qi. Spleen and Stomach.
• Huo Ma Ben (Semen Cannabis Sativae) and Bai
;hu, the Mid (Mel) moisten the Intestines and free the BLOOD DEFICIENCY
to the bowels.
id drain • Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) regulates Main symptoms and signs
Qi. Constipation, a bright white facial complexion, diz -
9 Guilai, ziness, palpitations, pale lips, a pale tongue body
n, move with a white coating, and a thready and rough pulse.
Modifications
1 . For severe Qi Deficiency, add Dang Shen (Radix
oint of Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g and Bai Zhu (Rhi-
nen and HERBAL MEDICINE
zoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g to en-
hance the effect in supplementing Qi. Treatment principle
t of the 2. For Qi Deficiency fall and a heavy sagging sen- Nourish the Blood and moisten Dryness .
regulates sation in the anus, add Bu Zhong YiQi Tang (De-
coction for Supplementing the Middle Burner Prescription
of the and Augmenting Qi) to augment Qi and raise RUN CHANG WAN
cities of the fall . Once Spleen and Lung Qi have been Pill for Moistening the Intestines
replenished from the interior, the conveyance
function will be restored and the bowels freed. Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 15g
Huo Ma Ren (Semen Cannabis Sativae) 30g
ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION Tao Ren (Semen Persicae) 10g
Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) 15g
Treatment principle
to pass Augment Qi and moisten the Intestines . Explanation
iortness Points: BL-25 Dachangshu, ST-25 Tianshu, • Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
ng even ST-36 Zusanli, CV -4 Guanyuwan, ST-37 Shang- and Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) enrich
mental juxu, BL-43 Gaohuang, and BL-20 Pishu . Yin and nourish the Blood .

330 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
• Huo Ma Ken (Semen Cannabis Sativae) and Tao
Ken (Semen Persicae) moisten the Intestines and
free the bowels.
• Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) guides Qi down-
ward .
Modifications
1 . For internal Heat due to Yin Deficiency arising
out of a shortage of Blood and characterized by
irritability with a sensation of heat, dry mouth
and a red tongue body with scant fluids, add
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis)
15g, He Shou Wu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori) 10g
and Zbi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Aspho-
deloidis) lOg to clear Heat and generate Body
Fluids.
2 . For dry stool despite restoration of Body Fluids,
use Wu Ken Wan (Five Kernels Pill) to moisten
the Intestines and free the bowels.
ACUPUNCFVRE
Treatment principle
Nourish the Blood, moisten Dryness and free the
bowels.
Points : ST 25 Tianshu, ST 36 Zusanli, BL-20 Pishu,
ST 40 Fenglong, SP-3 Taibai, BL-17 Geshu, SP-6
Sanyinjiao, and BL-25 Dachangshu .
Technique: Use fliform needles and apply the re-
inforcing method . Retain the needles for 20-30 min-
utes .
Explanation
• BL-25 Dachangshu and ST-25 Tianshu, the
front-mu and back-shu points related to the
Large Intestine, free the abdomen and drain
Heat .
• ST-40 Fenglong, an empirical point for treating
constipation, moves the Intestines to free the
bowels.
• ST-36 Zusanli, BL-20 Pishu and SP-3 Taibai
fortify the Spleen and nourish the Blood .
• BL-17 Geshu and SP-6 Sanyinjiao nourish the
Blood to moisten Dryness .
Notes
• Constipation due to Qi Deficiency and Blood
Deficiency may occur singly or in combination
in cancer patients and should be treated ac-
cordingly.
In addition, constipation in the elderly with De-
ficiency of the Lower Origin often does not
cause any apparent discomfort in the stomach
and abdomen, even though several days may
pass without the desire to defecate . However,
most will suffer from emaciation, low spirits,
limpness in the lower back and knees, and dry
lusterless skin. This condition should be treated
by nourishing, moistening and freeing the bow-
els with materia medica such as Kou Cong Kong
(Herba Cistanches Deserticolae) and Huo Ma
Ken (Semen Cannabis Sativae) . If they are not
effective, add Huang Qi (Radix Astragals seu
Hedysari) and Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae
Sinensis) to augment Qi and nourish the Blood .
When Qi and Blood circulate normally, defeca-
tion can be regulated spontaneously.
COLD CONSTIPATION
Main symptoms and signs
Dry stool and difficult defecation, long voidings of
clear urine, a bright white facial complexion, cold
limbs, a liking for heat and fear of cold, abdominal
abscess due to Cold, or aching and cold in the lum-
bar spine. The tongue body is pale with a white
coating; the pulse is deep and slow.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Treatment principle
Warm Yang and free the bowels.
Prescription
I CHUAN IAN IA ROU GUI
Ferry Brew Plus Cinnamon Bark
Rou Cong Kong (Herba Cistanches Deserticolae) 15g
Huai Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) 15g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) 6g
Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) 6g, added 5
minutes before the end of the decoction process
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 1 Og


CONSTIPATION 331

Explanation points for treating constipation, move the Intes-

3 Blood Rou Cong Kong (Herba Cistanches Deserticolae) tines to free the bowels.
bination and Huai Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) • Apply moxibustion at CV-8 Shenque, CV-6
ated ac- warm and supplement Kidney Yang, moisten Qihai and GV 4 Mingmen to eliminate Yin-
the Intestines and free the bowels. Cold by warming Yang Qi in the Lower Burner .
with De- • Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) nourishes
loes not the Blood and moistens the Intestines . TREATMENT NOTES
stomach • Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) and Ze Xie
ays may • Treatment of constipation in cancer patients can
(Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) bear the turbid
lowever, also be accompanied by external methods such as
downward by bearing the clear upward .
7 spirits, Mi ian Dao Fa (Thickened Honey Enema) recom-
and dry Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) warms mended in Shang Han Lun [On Cold Diseases] .
e treated Yang to dissipate Cold . Simmer 20m1 of honey over a low fire to obtain a
he bow concentrate. Once it has thickened, make it into a
.ong Kong ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION 2 can long suppository for insertion into the anus .
Huo Ma • Diet therapy is also effective in treating consti-
are not Treatment principle pation . For example, finely grind equal parts of Hei
Lgali seu Warm Yang and free the bowels . Zhi Ma (Semen Sesami Indici), Hu Tao Ken (Semen
nngelicae Points: BL-25 Dachangshu, ST-25 Tianshu, TB-6 uglandis Regiae) and Song Zi Ken (Semen Pini), add
e Blood. Bai Mi * (Mel), infuse in warm water and drink . This
Zhigou, ST-40 Fenglong, CV-8 Shenque, CV-6
defeca recipe works well for constipation due to insuffi-
Qihai, and GV 4 Mingmen .
ciency of Yin-Blood .
Technique : Use filiform needles and apply the re- • For habitual constipation, advise the patient not
inforcing method. Retain the needles for 20-30 min- to become preoccupied about the condition, and to
utes . Perform moxibustion as indicated below. undertake some light exercise, follow a high-fiber
diet and go to the toilet at regular times .
dings of • After a febrile disease or during chronic debili-
on, cold Explanation tating diseases, there is no need to take urgent
)dominal • BL-25 Dachangshu and ST-25 Tianshu, the action to free the bowels since the absence of
the lam- front-mu and back-,chu points related to the defecation is due to the reduced food intake .
a white Large Intestine, free the abdomen and drain Supporting and nourishing Stomach Qi will gradu-
Heat. ally increase the appetite and the bowels will return
• TB-6 Zhigou and ST-40 Fenglong, empirical to normal .

lae) 15g
15g

added 5
.ocess
 Skin ulcers

Ulcers are one of the more serious skin manifestations of malignant tumors . This compli-
cation is often seen in cases at the late stage of a variety of cancers where the patient's
general health is poor, immunity is low, and infection more likely. The skin at the affected
site does not heal, and there is a large area of foul-smelling ulceration with exudation of
blood and pus. Lack of nourishment and poor circulation locally and systemically inhibit
the generation of granulation tissue and epithelial cells, thus preventing the ulcer from
healing.
External application of Chinese materia medica is very effective in treating ulcers as a
complication of cancer and works best when it helps to regulate the patient's overall state
of health.
Two points need to be borne in mind :
• The main method of treatment is application of a decoction as a wet dressing, thus al-
lowing secretions to drain away. Decoctions not only enable full use to be made of the
flexibility of treatment according to pattern identification, they also ensure that the active
ingredients come into direct contact with the ulcer .
• The active ingredients of the materia medica selected for the decoction should be
water-soluble so that they can be easily extracted and absorbed locally, thus acting directly
on the affected site.

External treatment of skin ulcers

COMMONLY USED MATERIA MEDICA AND BASIC FORMULAE

Generating flesh and closing sores

Commonly used materia medica

Zi Cao (Radix Arnebiae seu Lithospermi)
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Xue ie (Resina Draconis)
Zao iao Ci (Spina Gleditsiae Sinensis)
Zben Zhu Fen$ (Margarita, powdered)

Basic formula
Prescription
KUI YANG XI I
Ulcer Wash Preparation
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 1 Og
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 30g
Zi Cao (Radix Arnebiae seu Lithospermi) 60g
Xue ie (Resina Draconis) 20g
Er Cha (Pasta Acaciae seu Uncariae) 20g
Preparation
Decoct HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari), Da
Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) and Zi Cao (Radix
Arnebiae seu Lithospermi) in 300m1 of water to
obtain about 30m1 of a concentrated liquid . Grind
Xue ie (Resina Draconis) and Er Cha (Pasta Acaciae
seu Uncariae) to a fine powder. Mix well into the
liquid and sterilize in an autoclave. Wash the af-
fected area directly or use as a damp compress .
Ingredients
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 30g
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 30g
Feng Fangs (Nidus Vespae) 30g
Zi Cao (Radix Arnebiae seu Lithospermi) 1 Og
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) 1 Og
Decoct the ingredients in 300m1 of water to obtain
about 30m1 of a concentrated liquid and apply to
the affected area as a wet compress .
Explanation of the formulae
Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari), Dang
Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Zi Cao
(Radix Arnebiae seu Lithospermi) generate
flesh .
• Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) invigorates
the Blood and dissipates Blood stasis.
• Feng Fangt (Nidus Vespae) has anti-cancer
properties and disperses swelling.
• Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) promotes
contraction and relieves Toxicity .
• Xue ie (Resina Draconis) and Er Cha (Pasta
Acaciae seu Uncariae) invigorate the Blood,
close sores and generate flesh .
These formulae can also be used for the treatment
of benign ulcers and pressure sores .
Pharmacological studies suggest that many of the
constituents of Zi Cao (Radix Arnebiae seu Lithos-
permi) can inhibit vascular hyperpermeability, exu-
dation and edema in the acute inflammatory phase
of a disease, and increase blood supply to local tis-
sue, thus benefiting the growth of granulation tissue
and the healing of wounds.13 Huang Qi (Radix As-
tragali seu Hedysari) has a pronounced effect in
enhancing the immune function and inhibiting infec-
tion to promote the healing of ulcers ."
Drying dampness and closing sores
Commonly used materia medica
Vu Bei Zit (Galla Rhois Chinensis)
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis)
Yuan Hua (Flos Daphnes Genkwa)
Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis)
Er Cha (Pasta Acaciae seu Uncariae)
Ku Shen (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis)
She Chuang Zi (Fructus Cnidii Monnieri)
A decoction of these materia medica dries Damp-
ness, closes sores and disperses swelling by improv-
ing permeability of the micro-vessels ; it is indicated
for exudative skin lesions .
Basic formula
Ingredients
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 60g
Zhu Ling (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati) 20g
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 20g, wrapped
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 20g
Preparation
Decoct the ingredients to obtain about 50-60m1 of
 SKIN ULCERS 335

romotes a concentrated liquid and apply to the affected area also has the effect of generating flesh and astrin-
as a damp compress. ging.
a (Pasta
Blood, Clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity Stopping bleeding

Commonly used materia medica Commonly used materia medica

e atment
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae)
.y of the Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) Bai z* (Rhizoma Bletillae Striatae)
. Lithos- Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) He Ye (Folium Nelumbinis Nuciferae)
ity, exu- HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) Da i (Herba seu Radix Cirsii aponici)
ry phase Bai iang Cao (Herba Patriniae cum Radice) Xiao i (Herba Cephalanoploris seu Cirsii)
local tis- Pu Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice) Ce Bai Ye (Cacumen Biotae Orientalis)
)n tissue in Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae)
adix As- Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Basic application
:ffect in these materia medica act as broad-spectrum antibi- Preparation: Grind Bai r* (Rhizoma Bletillae Stri-
ag infec- otics and are effective in preventing infection .' 5 atae) into a fine powder, sterilize in an autoclave and
spread over the affected area .
Indication: recurrent oozing of blood and persis-
Basic formula
tent bloody exudate from the surface of carcino-
Ingredients matous ulcers.
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 30g Alleviating pain
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 30g
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 30g Commonly used materia medica
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 1 Og
Feng Mi l (Mel) 50m1 Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo)
Wu Yao (Radix Linderae Strychnifoliae)
Preparation
BaiQu Cai (Herba Chelidonii)
Grind the herbs into a fine powder and mix to a
Mo Yao (Myrrha)
paste with the honey before applying to the affected
Damp- Ru Xiang (Gummi Olibanum)
area .
improv- These materia medica are commonly used for These materia medica alleviate pain, especially can-
ndicated clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity, drying Damp- cer pain, by invigorating the Blood and moving Qi,
ness and reducing local inflammatory exudate . transforming Blood stasis and relieving Toxicity .

Alternative formula Basic formula

Ingredients
Shi Gaol (Gypsum Fibrosum) 30g
)g Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae asminoidis) 30g
,ed Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 30g
Grind the ingredients into a fine powder and mix
with two egg whites; sterilize in an autoclave before
-60m1 of external application to the affected area. Egg white
Ingredients
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 20g
Ru Xiang (Gummi Olibanum) 20g
Mo Yao (Myrrha) 20g
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) 1 Og
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 10g, added 10
minutes before the end of the decoction process
Apply the decoction as a wet compress on the
affected area .
Commonly used mateda medica
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae)
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae)
Shi Shang Bai (Herba Selaginellae Doederleinii)
Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri)
Feng Fang1 (Nidus Vespae)
Clinical experience and earlier laboratory tests sug-
gest that these materia medica have anti-cancer
properties. 16,17
Case history
A woman aged 64 was diagnosed in the Sino apanese
Friendship Hospital with late-stage infiltrative ductal car-
cinoma of the breast with invasion of the chest wall. On
initial examination, the skin on the right chest was
purplish-red, ulcerative and erosive, exuding foul-
smelling purulent and bloody secretions ; the ulcerative
area measured approximately 10cm x 10cm and was
painful.
Pattern identifcation: Damp Toxins spreading un-
checked, accumulation of Heat Toxins .
Treatment principle
Relieve Toxicity and eliminate Dampness .
Prescription ingredients
Zi Cao (Radix Amebiae seu Lithospermi) 20g
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 20g
Huang Iian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 20g
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 20g
Bai Xian Pi (Cortex Dictamni Dasycarpi Radicis) 20g
1. Han isheng, Zhen iu Zhen Tong Yuan Li Yan iu
[Study of the Principles of Acupuncture in Alleviat-
ing Pain], Zhen Ci Yan iu [Acupuncture Research] 9,
3 (1984) : 231 .
2. Zhang Mei et al., Zhen iu i Zhong Yao Zhi Liao Ai
Xing Teng Toil De Lin Chuang Guan Cha [Clinical
Channel conductors
Commonly used ma teria medica
Di Fu Zi (Fructus Kochiae Scopariae)
Bai Xian Pi (Cortex Dictamni Dasycarpi Radicis)
Ku Shen (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis)
Even though only small dosages are involved, these
channel conductors are strongly recommended for
use in the clinic, since they can lead the other mate-
ria medica directly to the affected area once they
have penetrated through the skin .
Yi Yi Ben (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri) 30g
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 30g
Ku Shen (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis) 15g
She Chuang Zi (Fructus Cnidii Monnieri) 15g
Peng Sha : (Borax) 5g
Two or three layers of sterilized gauze were soaked in the
decoction, squeezed slightly to get rid of any excess liquid
and then used to cover the lesion . The wet dressing was
changed even' few minutes for 30-60 minutes, two or
three times a day. After 10 bags of the decoction, the
surface of the ulcer was considerably smaller, the granula-
tion tissue looked fresh, the purulent secretion had
stopped, the bloody exudate was less, and the smell had
disappeared. After 20 bags, the ulcer was reduced to an
area of 4cm x 1cm, local exudation of blood had stopped,
the patient no longer felt pain in the local area, and her
mental and physical strength had improved .
Observation of the Effect of Acupuncture and Chi-
nese Materia Medica in Alleviating Pain in Cancer],
Zhong Guo Zhen fin [Chinese Acupuncture and
Moxibustion] 25,1 (2000) : 65-67 .
3. Li Peiwen et al., Zhong Yao Qu Tong Ling Wai Yong
Zhi Liao Ai Tong 134 Li [External Application of
 REFERENCES: COMMON COMPLICATIONS 337

Chinese Materia Medica Remedies for Eliminating
Pain in the Treatment of 134 Cases of Cancer Pain],
Zbong Guo Zhong Xi Yi ie He Za Zhi [ournal of In-
tegrated TCM and Western Medicine] 14, 10 (1994) :
616-7 .
Qi Xiao Liang Fang [Excellent Formulae with a
iicis)
Mysterious Effect] .
5 . U Peiwen, Zhi Tong Xiao Shui Fang De Zhi Tong Yuan
:d, these Li [Principles of Alleviating Pain in Formulae for
Alleviating Pain and Dispersing Water], Zbong Yi Za
ided for
Zhi [ournal of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 11
er mate-
(1991) .
-ice they
6. Meng Linsheng et al ., Zbong Hua Zbong Liu Zhi Liz
Da Cheng [A Compendium of the Treatment of
Swelling and Pain in Chinese Medicine] (Beijing.
China TCM Publishing House, 1997), 98 .
7. Tan Huangying et al., Zbong Yi Wai Zhi Za Zhi [our
nal of TCM External Treatments] 1 (1996) : 19 .
8. U Peiwen, Zhong Xi Yi Lin Chuang Zhong Liu Xue
[Clinical Oncology in TCM and Western Medicine] .
(China TCM Publishing House, 1996), 343 .
9. Wang Yongyan et al., Xian Dai Zhong Yi Nei Ke Xue
[Modem TCM Internal Medicine] (Beijing : People's
Medical Publishing House, 1999), 102.
10. Li Peiwen et al ., Zhong Yi Za Zhi [ournal of Tradi-
tional Chinese Medicine] 34,11 (1993) : 693 .
11 . U Peiwen et al., Zhong Yao Xiao Shui Gao Zhi Liao Ai
Xing Fu Shui 120 la Lin Chuang i Shi Yan Yan i u
[Clinical and Experimental Study of Xiao Shui Gao
(Water-Dispersing Paste) in the Treatment of 120
Cases of Ascites as a Complication of Cancer], Zhong
Yi Za Zhi [ ournal of Traditional Chinese Medicine]
41, 6 (2000): 358-9.
12. Wang Yusheng et al., Zhong Yao Yao Li Yu Ying Yong
[Pharmacology and Application of Chinese Mat eria
Medica], 2nd edition (Beijing People's Medical Pub-
lishing House, 1998), 984 .
13 . Liu Mousheng et al ., Hei Long iang Zhong Yi Yao
[Heilongjiang ournal of Traditional Chinese Medi-
cine] (1986) :4.
14. Wang Yusheng et al., Zhong Yao Yao Li Yu Ying Yong
[Pharmacology and Application of Chinese Materia
Medica] (Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House,
1998), 992.
15. Wang Yusheng et al., Zhong Yao Yao Li Yu Ying Yong,
73, 976, 1006, 1025, 705, 731, and 1181 .
16. Tumor Research Group of Chinese Materia Medica
Institute, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese
Medicine, Ke i Zi Liao Hui Bian [Collection of Scien-
tific Papers] (1972): 140.
17. Wang Zheng, Shan Xi Xin Yi Yao [Shaanxi New
Medical ournal] 8,11 (1979) : 51 .

:ed in the
:ess liquid
ssing was
s, two or
:tion, the
e granula-
:tion had
smell had
ced to an
1 stopped,
t, and her

and Chi-
i Cancer],
:ture and

Wai Yong
ication of


Principles o igong in Traditional Chinese Medicine 341

Commonly used Qigong exercises for cancer patients 342
Basic principles cr- practicing Qigong and advice for the patient 349
 Principles of Qigong in
Traditional Chinese Medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine holds that tumors are formed due to insufficiency of Vital
Qi (Zheng Qi), which leads to impairment of the functions of the Zang-Fu organs, re-
sulting in Qi stagnation and Blood stasis, congealing of Phlegm, and accumulation and
binding of Toxic pathogenic factors . The mechanism lies in improper diet, inability to
adapt to changes in climate or temperature, physical overstrain, and emotional distur-
bances. These result on the one hand in dysfunction of the Zang-Fu organs, channels
and network vessels and Deficiency and depletion of Qi and Blood, and on the other in
invasion by external pathogenic factors .
Practicing Qigong can help maintain one's health, principally by exercises that regulate
respiration, regulate Qi and Blood, and harmonize the emotions . This enables Qi stagna-
tion to be eliminated, Blood stasis dispersed, accumulation dissipated, and the function
of Qi and Blood in the Zang-Fu organs, channels and network vessels to be restored to
normal.
Medical Qigong is an art and skill based on the TCM principles of Yin and Yang, Qi
and Blood, the Zang-Fu organs, and the channels and network vessels . By practicing
Qigong, external Qi can assist internal Qi to free the movement of Qi in the channels
and harmonize the circi ,la tion of Qi and Blood . Meanwhile, by acting on the Essence,
Qi and Spirit to achieve a state of "calm Yin and sound Yang", a relative equilibrium is
maintained and health is ensured . Practicing particular exercises to prevent or treat dis-
eases strengthens the constitution, augments and supplements Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and
regulates the functions of the Zang-Fu organs .
Cultivating Qi is the foundation of Qigong therapy . Therefore, in practicing Qigong,
augmenting and supplementing Original Qi (Yuan Qi) to secure the Root is an essential
element, as is made clear in Su Wen : Shang Gu Tian Zhen Lun [Simple Questions : On the
Origins of Man], which says : "Remain detached and empty, then true Qi will follow; if
the Essence and Spirit are preserved inside the body, how is it possible to be affected by
illness? "
The three elements in Qigong - regulating the body, regulating respiration and regu-
lating the Spirit - can be achieved through taking up the correct posture, being aware of
the regular breathing pattern, and by concentrating the mind, which will strengthen one's
volition. By practicing these three elements, the Heart and Spirit (,then) will be regulated
and nourished, and the ethereal soul (hun), corporeal soul (po), mind (shen), reflection (ya)
and will (Zha) stored by the five Zang organs will be calmed . . The Heart can then function
properly as the governor of the Zang-Fu organs .
342 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER

Concentrating the mind enables cultivation of the

Original Yin and Yang stored by the Kidneys and
makes the Qi of Earlier Heaven more vigorous and
substantial. Conscious respiration allows the Lungs,
which govern the movement of Qi throughout the
body, to function to their full extent . As an integral
part of Original Qi (Yuan Qi), the Qi of the
Zang-Fu organs and the channels and network
vessels, when vigorous and substantial, will
strengthen the functions of these organs .
The action of Qigong therapy in augmenting
and supplementing Original Qi (Yuan Qi), regu-
lating the functions of the Zang-Fu organs, freeing
the channels and network vessels, and regulating
and harmonizing Qi and Blood means that pa-
tients suffering from cancer may use Qigong at Figure 6-1 Natural crossed leg posture
any stage of the disease, even while undertaking
chemotherapy or radiotherapy Single crossed leg posture
Sit with the legs crossed, one lower leg placed on
the other, with the dorsum of the foot against the
Commonly used Qigong exer- thigh of the other leg, and the sole facing upward
cises for cancer patients (see Figure 6-2) .

STRENGTHENING QIGONG

POSTURE

Three postures are used for practicing strengthening

Qigong.

Sitting posture

Natural crossed leg posture

Sit with the buttocks on a pad or cushion, the lower
legs crossed under the thighs and the soles directed
posterolaterally: The head, neck and trunk are held
upright, with the buttocks slightly extended back-
ward, the chest slightly drawn in, the neck muscles
Figure 6-2 Single crossed leg posture
relaxed, the lower jaw slightly drawn in, and the eyes
slightly closed . The arms should hang down natu-
rally, and the palms should face upward with the Double crossed leg posture
fingers interlocked or with one palm in the other ; Sit with the legs crossed, the left leg on the right
the arms then rest on the thighs in front of the thigh and the right leg on the left thigh, and both
lower abdomen (see Figure 6-1) . soles facing upward (see Figure 6-3) .
 QIGONG THERAPY 343

Free posture
No special posture is required. This can be used for
example to practice regulating respiration and
meditating on Dantian (cinnabar field) when feeling
mentally or physically tired .

Figure 6-3 Double crossed leg posture
e Standing posture
Stand naturally with the feet parallel pointing to the
front and shoulder-width apart, with the knee joints
iced on slightly flexed, the back erect, the lower jaw slightly
inst the drawn in, and the eyes slightly closed . The shoulders
upward should be relaxed and the elbows dropped, with the
forearms slightly flexed . Both hands are positioned
in front of the abdomen with the thumbs separated
from the other fingers as if there were an object
between them ; alternatively, the hands and arms can
be slightly raised in front of the chest as if holding
a ball (see Figure 6-4) .
RESPIRATION
There are three methods for regulating respiration .
Static (or natural) respiration method
Breathe naturally without conscious effort . This
method is suitable for beginners, the elderly or
those with a weak constitution .
Abdominal respiration method (deep or mixed deep and
long respiration method)
Both the chest and abdomen b e out during in-
halation ; the abdomen is drawn in during exhala-
tion.
Counter-abdominal respiration method (or reversed respira-
tion method)
During inhalation, the chest is expanded and the
abdomen retracted ; during exhalation, the chest is
retracted and the abdomen expanded.
Counter-respiration progresses from shallow to
deep and should be practiced step by step ; overex-
ertion or undue haste should be avoided .
These three breathing methods should be prac-
ticed by inhaling and exhaling through the nose
with the tip of the tongue raised slightly against
the hard palate . However, if the nasal air passage is
partially obstructed, the mouth can be kept slightly
open to assist respiration .

MEDITATION
Through meditation the mind is highly focused on a
particular part of the body or an object. In
strengthening Qigong, meditation is directed toward
CV-6 Qihai (the location of the lower Dantian),
CV 17 Danzhong (the location of the middle
Dantian) or EX-HN-3 Yintang (the location of the
upper Dantian) .
Notes
ie right • Qigong practice in sitting postures is best con-
Ld both ducted indoors, whereas practice in the standing
Figure 6-4 Standing posture posture can take place indoors or outdoors ; in both
cases, the environment should be quiet with plenty
of fresh air to help calm the mind .
• Strengthening Qigong is generally practiced with
one of the three crossed leg postures . Those not
used to sitting for long periods with the legs crossed
may experience numbness or pain . Beginners
should therefore not practice for too long, starting
from 5 minutes and gradually extending to 20 or 30
minutes. Alternatively, the position of the legs may
be switched .
• Those who cannot tolerate sitting with the legs
crossed should change to inner-nourishing Qigong
(see below) and sit on a wooden stool or chair . Per-
sons with a weak constitution should practice in a
supine posture (see Figure 6-9, the strengthening
posture in inner-nourishing Qigong) .
• Beginners, elderly persons with a weak constitu-
tion or persons suffering from heart or lung dis-
eases should start with the natural respiration
method and gradually advance to the abdominal
and counter-abdominal methods . The natural respi-
ration method can be practiced before or after
meals, whereas the abdominal and counter-
abdominal methods should be practiced before
meals.
• In strengthening Qigong, Dantian is located 1 .5
can below the umbilicus. The Spirit should be re-
laxed and the mind should be able to concentrate
without any deliberate effort .
Indications
This method has the function of cultivating the
Root, consolidating Original Qi (Yuan Qi) and
strengthening the body. Since it is unhurried, calm-
ing and easy to learn, it is suitable for patients with
a weak constitution due to cancer (when practiced
in the supine posture) or for patients who have
undergone an operation or are undertaking
chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Latericumbent posture
Lie on one side on a firm bed, with the lower ja\v
slightly drawn in and the head on a leveled pillow.,
the spine slightly arched posteriorly, the chess
slightly drawn in and the back erect. In the left rc-
cumbent position, the left arm is flexed naturally,
the left hand, with the thumb and fingers extended
and the palm upward, is placed on the pillow about
2 can from the ear. The right arm is extended natu-
rally and the right hand placed on the ipsilateral hip
with the palm facing downward . The left leg is ex-
tended naturally; the right knee is bent at an angle
of about 120 ° and rested on the left knee . The eyes
are gently closed or left slightly open. The mouth is
open or closed depending on respiratory needs (sec
Figure 6-5) . Left and right are reversed for the right
recumbent position.
Figure 6-5 Latericumnbent posture
Supine posture
Lie flat on the back on a firm bed, with the lower
jaw slightly drawn in, the trunk straight, the arms
extended naturally along the sides of the body, with
the fingers relaxed and extended and the palms fac-
ing downward. The legs are extended naturally, with
the heels touching each other and the toes pointing
outward (see Figure 6-6) .

INNER-NOURISHING QIGONG

POSTURE

Four postures are used for practicing inner-

nourishing Qigong, three lying and one sitting. Figure 6-6 Supine post//re
 QIGONG THERAPY 345

Sitting posture Strengthening posture

lower jaw Sit up straight on a stool, with the lower jaw slightly The requirements are almost the same as the
:led pillow, drawn in, the trunk stretched, the chest slightly basic supine posture ; however, the height of the
the chest drawn in and the back erect, the shoulders relaxed pillow should increased to 8 can and the shoulders
the left re- and the elbows hanging down, the hands placed and back cushioned in a sloping position with no
l naturally, free space left between them and the bed . Close up
lightly on the knees or thighs, and the palms facing
s extended the heels and place the hands firmly alongside the
downward. The feet are placed firmly on the floor, thighs with the palms facing downward (see Figure
Uow about
shoulder-width apart, with the knees flexed at an 6-9) .
ided natu-
angle of 90 ° (see Figures 6-7 and 6-8) . If the stool
ilateral hip
leg is ex- is not at a suitable height, a pad or cushion can be
t an angle placed under the buttocks or legs .
. The eyes
mouth is
needs (see
r the right

Figure 6-9 Strengthening posture

RESPIRAT70N
In inner-nourishing Qigong, respiration exercises
are relatively complicated and are performed by
breathing and pausing in coordination with tongue
movements and the saying of words, phrases or
the lower Figure 6-7 Sitting posture (side view) sentences silently to oneself. Three respiration
the arms methods are commonly used .
ody, with
alms fac- Inhale pause-exhale
-ally, with Breathe through the nose with the mouth slightly
pointing closed . Inhale first and use the mind to direct Qi
downward to the lower abdomen . Then hold the
breath and pause for a short while (neither inhal-
ing nor exhaling) before exhaling slowly. The
sequence is therefore inhale-pause-exhale .
This breathing sequence is accompanied by say-
ing words silently to oneself. Start with a short
phrase such as "I am calm and relaxed" . Say "I
am" when inhaling, "calm and" when pausing and
"relaxed" when exhaling . When practicing Qigong,
Figure 6-8 Sitting posture (front view) many Chinese start with " .i ji jing" ("I am calm
within myself') - " ~ZZ" when inhaling, 'j1' when
pausing and `jing" when exhaling. Select words or

346 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
phrases which mean relaxation, tranquility, joy or
benefit to the health and increase the number of
words gradually up to a maximum of nine .
Movement of the tongue also accompanies the
respiration sequence and the silent saying of words ;
raise the tongue against the hard palate when in-
haling, hold it there during the pause, and lower it
when exhaling.
Inhale-exhale pause
Breathe through the nose or the nose and mouth .
Exhale immediately after inhaling, then hold
the breath . The sequence is therefore inhale-
exhale-pause. Say the first word or part of the
phrase silently to oneself when inhaling (raise the
tongue against the hard palate), the second word
or part of the phrase when exhaling (lower the
tongue) and the rest of the phrase while holding
the breath (no tongue movement) .
Inhale pause-inhale-exhale
Inhale a little air through the nose ; at the same
time, raise the tongue against the hard palate and
say the first word or part of the phrase silently to
oneself. Then, hold the breath for a short while
and say the second word or part of the phrase si-
lently to oneself while the tongue is still pressed
against the hard palate. Immediately afterwards,
inhale a large amount of air and guide Qi down to
the lower abdomen while saying the rest of the
phrase silently to oneself. Do not hold the breath,
but exhale slowly while lowering the tongue . The
sequence is therefore inhale-pause-inhale-exhale .
MEDITATION
In inner-nourishing Qigong, meditation focuses on
the lower Dantian, CV 17 Danzhong (the middle
Dantian) or the toes .
• Meditation on the lower Dantian
In inner-nourishing Qigong, Dantian is 1 .5 can be-
low the umbilicus and coincides with CV-6 Qihai .
However, meditation does not necessarily have to
focus on the point itself, but rather on a circular
area on the surface of the lower abdomen sur-
rounding it, or on an imaginary sphere inside the
lower abdomen .
• Meditation on CV- 17 Dan.Zhong
Meditate on a round area between the breasts cen-
tered on CV 17 Danzhong, or on the area below
the xiphoid process .
• Meditation on the toes
With the eyes slightly closed, direct the mind to
follow the line of vision to the big toe, or close the
eves and silently recall the image of the toes .
Notes
• Practicing inner-nourishing Qigong generally
starts with a lying posture (latericumbent or su-
pine) . Patients with gastric complaints, increased
peristalsis or slow evacuation of the stomach
should adopt the right latericumbent position,
especially when practicing Qigong after a meal .
Otherwise, the left or right latericumbent or the
supine position can be chosen depending on the
condition and nature of the disease and the pa-
tient's habits . Sitting and lying postures can be
adopted alternately or one only used . However, the
strengthening supine posture in inner-nourishing
Qigong should be assumed in the later stages of
Qigong exercising in order to strengthen the body.
• Meditation should focus on Dantian . When
respiration is rhythmically regulated, stray thoughts
can be banished from the mind and concentration
improved . During heavy or profuse menstruation,
meditation should focus on CV 17 Danzhong
rather than on the lower Dantian . Those with many
stray thoughts who find it difficult to meditate with
the eyes closed can meditate on the toes instead .
Meditation is one of the fundamental elements of
Qigong exercises, but it must come naturally and
cannot be forced .
Indications
This method can be used to regulate the functions
of the Spleen and Stomach, improve the appetite,
aid digestion and supplement the Root of Later
Heaven Qi . It is suitable for patients with a weak
constitution in the later stages of cancer or for pa-
tients who have undergone an operation or are un-
dertaking chemotherapy or radiotherapy, in particu-
lar patients with cancer of the stomach or rectum .'
 QIGONG THERAPY 347

LUNG-REGULATING, • It will be helpful if the practitioner could pro-

)reasts cen- WHITE-PRESERVING AND vide the patient with basic information on acu-
area below LUNG-BOOSTING QIGONG puncture channels so that the white mist can be
guided correctly
POSTURE
to mind to Indications
>r close the Assume any of the sitting, standing or supine pos- This method can be used to regulate Lung Qi and
tures, relax the whole body, slightly close the mouth maintain general health . It is particularly suitable for
:oes .
and eyes, shut out any external noises, raise the patients suffering from pulmonary, nasopharyngeal
tongue against the hard palate and get rid of stray and skin cancers as it specifically targets the func-
generally thoughts (see Figures 6-1 to 6-4 and 6-6 to 6-8) . tioning of the lungs .
ent or su-
increased RESPIRATION ACUPRESSURE AND MASSAGE QIGONG
stomach
Inhale evenly and gently for a short time through
position,
the nose ; exhale all the residual air relatively rapidly POSTURE
:r a meal.
through the mouth, imagining that morbid Qi is
ent or the Adopt a sitting or crossed leg posture, banish any
being exhaled ; repeat for 5-10 respiration cycles.
.ng on the stray thoughts, relax naturally, keep the mouth
Then inhale and exhale 36 times through the nose
id the pa- with even, deep and long respiration to achieve a state closed, and the biting surfaces of the teeth slightly
es can be of mental and physical relaxation and tranquility. apart . Regulate respiration and guide Qi to the ex-
,wever, the tremities of both hands .
nourishing
MEDITATION Methods
stages of
the body. When inhaling and exhaling through the nose, Press CV 22 Tiantu forcefully with the left
an. When imagine the lungs are pure, white and unblemished, thumb and pinch-press right EX-HN-13 Yuye and
y thoughts and are gradually transformed into a mass of white left EX-HN-12 Jinjin with the right thumb and in-
icentration mist that gathers in the chest for several minutes . dex finger ; guide Qi to the affected area and breathe
nstruation, Then use the mind to guide the mist to circulate deeply 20 times . Then press CV 23 Lianquan with
Danzhong from the chest and axillae to the thumbs via the the left thumb and pinch CV-24 Cbengjiang and
with many Lung channel, then via the Large Intestine channel Shanglianquan (located at the midpoint between
ditate with to the head and along the anterior aspect of the CV 23 Lianquan and the inferior border of the
~s instead . body to the feet via the Stomach channel, and mandible) with the right thumb and index finger,
2ments of finally upward via the Spleen channel to the abdo- and breathe deeply 20 times (to locate the points,
orally and men, after which it is guided through the diaphragm see Figures 6-10 and 6-11) .
to return to the chest . • With the face raised upward, pinch ST-12
Notes Quepen and ST-9 Renying with the left thumb and
• The Spirit should be relaxed and the mind middle finger and press left EX-HN-13 Yuye and
functions right EX-HN-12 Jinjin with the right thumb and
appetite, should be able to concentrate without any deliberate
effort . When respiration is rhythmically regulated, index finger. Gently rub the points alternately 50
of Later times to cause secretion of saliva in the mouth .
th a weak stray thoughts can be banished from the mind and
concentration improved . Gargle with the saliva and swallow it slowly in three
or for pa- portions down to Dantian while the tongue is raised
• The patient should choose a comfortable posi-
or are un- tion . Lung-regulating, white-preserving and Lung- against the hard palate. Finally, meditate for a short
n particu- boosting Qigong can be practiced for as long as one time before ending the session (to locate the points,
rectum .' hour if the patient is strong enough . see Figures 6-10 and 6-11) .


POSTURE

This type of Qigong can be practiced in any of the

lying, sitting or standing postures, although the su-
CV-24 Chengjiang
pine or sitting postures are used most (see Figures
EX-HN-13 Yuye EX-HN-12 Jinjin
6-1 to 6-9) . Whatever posture is adopted, a calm
CV-23 Lianquan
mood is required .
CV-22 Tiantu

RESPIRATION

Figure 6-10 Acupuncture points used in acupressure Generally, the abdominal respiration method is
and massage Qigong (front view) adopted . During inhalation, focus on the part of
the body that needs relaxing; during exhalation, say
the word "song" silently .

MEDITATION

In most instances, meditate on the lower Dantian,

Shanglianquan
ST-9 Renying
ST-12 Quepen
r of the head and neck via the shoulders, upper
Figure 6-11 Acupuncture points used in acupressure
and massage Qigong (side view
Notes
• The Spirit should be relaxed and the mind
should be able to concentrate without any deliberate
effort . When respiration is rhythmically regulated,
stray thoughts can be banished from the mind and
concentration improved .
• The practitioner should guide the patient as to
the accurate location of the acupuncture points .
Indications
This method can regulate Qi in the local chan-
nels and harmonize Qi and Blood ; it is particu-
larly suitable for patients suffering from cancer
of the esophagus as it concentrates on this area.
or on KI-1 Yongquan, ST 36 Zusanli or GV 4
Mingmen . Meditation can also focus on an object
outside the bode Relaxation is a prerequisite for
meditation.
Relaxation for meditation
• Triple-route relaxation method
a) the first route (bilateral) runs from both sides
arms, elbows, forearms, wrists, and hands to the
fingers . Meditate on the middle finger for 1-2
minutes.
b) the second route (anterior) runs from the
face, neck, chest, and abdomen via the thighs,
knees, shins, and dorsum of the feet to the ex-
tremities of the toes . Meditate on the big toe for
1-2 minutes .
c) the third route (posterior) runs from the back
of the head and neck via the back, waist, posterior
aspect of the thighs, the popliteal fossae, the calves,
and the heels to the soles of the feet . Meditate on
KI-1 Yongquan for 3-5 minutes .
• Sequential relaxation
Suppose the body is divided into separate segments
from the head to the feet - head, shoulders, hands,
chest, abdomen, legs, and feet - and practice relaxing

the segments in sequence . Focus on one segment,
then say the word "song" two or three times silently
to oneself. Then focus on the next segment in the
sequence and continue for two or three cycles .
• Local relaxation
While relaxing the whole body, focus on relaxing a
particular point (a tense area or an area affected by
illness) .
• Whole-body relaxation
Taking the body as a whole, meditate silently to
relax either from the head to the feet like a boat
carried along by a stream or continuously down-
ward along all three routes of the triple-route
method simultaneously.
Notes
Relaxation Qigong should be practiced for several
cycles depending on the patient's condition . Gener-
ally, a minimum of three cycles is needed lasting
about 30 minutes. Take a short rest before ending
the session.
Indications
As this technique involves the entire body it is par-
ticularly suitable for patients suffering from can-
cers such as leukemia and reticulosarcoma.
Basic principles for practicing
Qigong and advice for the patient
BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR PRACTICING
QIGONG
Patients should start practicing Qigong under the
guidance of a qualified instructor or practitioner
and pay attention to the three key elements of
Qigong - regulating the body, regulating respiration,
and regulating the mind . Each Qigong exercise has
its own characteristics and requirements in terms of
these three elements . Different exercises have dif-
ferent effects on the physiological functions and the
prevention and treatment of diseases . Therefore,
patients should select the exercises best suited to
their own physique and the disease involved .-
Although there are hundreds of exercises in
QIGONG THERAPY 349
Qigong, they are interrelated and share common
rules. Understanding the essential points described
below will facilitate progress, eliminate any uncer-
tainties, and avoid adverse reactions such as mental
confusion.
• Relaxation and tranquility should come naturally :
The principles of relaxation and tranquility should
be followed throughout the exercise sessions . Re-
laxation means that the body should be fully relaxed
and the mind free of tension . Tranquility means
eliminating stray thoughts and focusing mental ac-
tivities to keep the mind calm and tranquil . Natu-
rally means that relaxation and tranquility should
come naturally and spontaneously during the ses-
sion without being forced ; excessive concentration
should be avoided .
• Interaction of the mind and Qi : Patients use the
mind to control their own respiration and the
movement of internal Qi, or use respiration and in-
ternal Qi to control their mind, thus integrating
their mental activities with the movements of Qi
and breathing. To begin with, the mind guides Qi
and respiration, but as more experience is gained in
the exercises, Qi and respiration guide the mind ;
therefore, the body, respiration and the mind are all
exercised.
• Deficiency in the upper body (above the um-
bilicus) and Excess in the lower body : This is also
known as "Deficiency in the chest, Excess in the
abdomen." In concrete terms, this means that when
practicing Qigong the posture adopted keeps the
center of gravity in the lower body and the whole
body is rock solid ("as solid as Mount Taishan") in a
comfortable and natural position .
• Moderation in duration and degree : When prac-
ticing Qigong, an appropriate amount of exertion
and volition should be used . First, adopt a relaxed,
natural and comfortable posture that is neither too
tense nor too slack . Respiration should be deep (the
breath and Qi sink deep in the body filling the lower
Dantian), long (the breath is a long, steady stream),
fine (the breath is smooth and quiet rather than
rough) and slow (the respiration rate is slow and the
mood unhurried), without undue exertion or re-
quiring control by the mind . Concentration should
come naturally and should not be forced ; some

350 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
effort is required from the mind, but it should not
be overexerted . Practice sessions should be long
enough to have the desired result, but not so long
that fatigue sets in . Do not force too much when
exercising ; the body should not experience discom-
fort . After exercising, the head will be clear and the
spirits high .
• Practice and recuperation: Practicing Qigong is
closely linked to recuperation after the session . Can-
cer patients are particularly likely to have a
weakened constitution and may tire easily. In such
cases, there is no need to meditate; relaxation is suf-
ficient. Simply recuperate quietly until the tiredness
has passed and then resume Qigong. When used al-
ternately, practice and recuperation can complement
each other and enhance the quality of the therapy .
• When practicing Qigong, first master the basics,
then move from the simple to the complex . Pro-
ceed slowly and systematically and advance step by
step to grasp the fundamentals. Practice consistently,
but without undue haste, for haste will disturb re-
laxation and tranquility. Practicing exercises that are
not suited to the disease involved or forcing oneself
to practice just for the sake of practice without a
proper objective in sight will not bring the desired
result.
ADVICE FOR THE PATIENT
• Patients must be clear at the outset which exer-
cise is to be practiced, which methods of respira-
tion and meditation are to be used, and where the
acupuncture points for meditation are located .
• Patients should practice conscientiously and
References
1 . Jin Guan et al ., Qi Gong JingXuan [Essentials of Qigong],
Beijing. People's Sports Publishing House, 1981 .
2 . For Western readers, a clear introduction to medical
systematically to see the full benefits of Qigong . Do
not practice Qigong when preoccupied or tense .
• Qigong should generally be practiced in a quiet
place with fresh air (outdoors or indoors) ; do not
face into the wind or a working electric fan .
• Be well prepared before a session; calm down,
empty the bowels or bladder, loosen the belt, and
take off the wristwatch, rings or glasses which
might hinder circulation of Qi and Blood .
• The number and length of sessions should be
appropriate to the patient's condition, varying gen-
erally from 30 minutes to one hour. Do not practice
for too long or use up all one's strength and energy.
Patients should not feel tired after a session .
• Do not practice Qigong after eating too m :ch
or feeling very hungry. Cut down on sexual activities,
alcohol, smoking, strong tea and spicy food which
stimulate the mind and body, making meditation
more difficult .
• The occurrence of sensations such as heat, dis-
tension, soreness, pain, itching, numbness, cold,
formication, or muscular twitching is normal during
Qigong sessions as Qi is moved around the body .
There is no need to worry about this or to try to
identify the cause; it is perfectly natural .
• There is no need to be alarmed or panic if there
is a sudden external disturbance during the session,
such as shouting or other people interrupting . Iden-
tify the cause, calm down and continue practicing.
• Practice steadily from beginning to end . A hasty
start or end to the practice session will cause prob-
lems such as Qi being unable to return to its origin,
or disorders of the functional activities of Qi .
Qigong can be found in Kenneth S . Cohen, The Way
ofQigong. The Art and Science of Chinese Energy Healing,
New York : Ballantine Books, 1997 .


on . Do
:nse.
i a quiet
; do not Chapter 7
n down,
)elt, and
s which

Zould be
in en-
practice
3 ener y.

)o much
activities,
>d which Diet therapy in cancer treatment strate ies 353
.editation Selection o diet 356
Foods and materia medica used as ood the mana ement o cancer 359
heat, dis- Selected recipes suitable or use in the mana ement a cancer 366
!ss, cold,
al durin
he body.
to try to

i there
session,
n . Iden-
:ticin .
L A hasty
ase prob-
its ori in,
Zi.

z, The Way
r y Healin ,
 DIET THERAPY 353

Diet therapy is an important part o Traditional Chinese Medicine. Inte ration o diet
therapy into an overall disease treatment strate y enables treatment o a disease to be as-
sisted by application o a diet suited to the patient's constitution and the type o illness . In
Chinese medicine, diet therapy has a lon history and can be traced back to the earliest
medical book, the Huan Di Nei Jin [Yellow Emperor's Classic o Internal Medicine],
compiled more than 2,000 years a o . The book not only provides a systematic theoretical
discussion o how ood is di ested, absorbed and distributed to nourish the body, and how
the metabolic process unctions, it also makes clear that an inappropriate diet is one o the
main causes o disease . In addition, it su ested how a suitable diet can be used to sup-
plement and rein orce treatment o a disease with materia medica, thus achievin the aim
o supportin Vital Qi (Zhen Qi) and dispellin patho enic actors .
On the Relationship between Qi o the Zan Or ans and the Four Seasons, a chapter o Su Wen
[Plain Questions], states : "The ive rains are used to nourish ; the ive ruits to rein orce;
the lesh o the ive kinds o livestock to au ment ; and the ive ve etables to replenish .
When taken in an appropriate combination accordin to their nature and lavor, they can
supplement and au ment Essence and Qi ." This underlines the act that, a ter materia
medica have been used to dispel most o the patho enic actors, rains, ruit, meat and
ve etables should be used or nourishment and re ulation to complete the cure ; this is the
oundation o diet therapy.
The irst treatises on diet therapy appeared in the Sui and Tan dynasties (581-907) .
They include Shi Jin [The Diet Classic], compiled by Cui Hao, and Yan Shen Yao Ji
[Essentials or Preservin Health] by Zhan Zhan . In a chapter on diet therapy in Qian in
Yao Fan [Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold Pieces or Emer encies], Sun Simiao
stated : "First, ain a thorou h understandin o the cause o the disease ; when this is
known, the disease can be attacked . Treat irst with diet, but i this does not work, then use
medicines." This excerpt makes clear just how important diet therapy was at that time.
Examples o the oods he used success ully to treat diseases include liver rom livestock or
poultry to treat ni ht blindness, cereal su ars and a thick decoction o soybeans to treat le
Qi, and the thyroid land o oats to treat oiter.
Other works on this subject appearin at this period include Shi Liao Ben Cao [A Dietetic
Materia Medica], compiled by Men Man, and Shi Yi Xin Jian [A Revised Mirror or the
Dietitian], compiled by Zan Yin . The most important book on diet therapy to appear in
the Jin and Yuan dynasties (1115-1368) was Yin Shan Zhen Yao [Principles o a Correct
Diet], compiled by Hu Sihui, who summarized the principles o cookin , dietary hy iene,
recipes and diet therapy, and described which oods should be avoided and which oods
could cause poisonin . The reat pharmacolo ist and clinician Li Shizhen collected and
recorded in Ben Cao Gan Mu [A Compendium o Materia Medica] 462 species o cereal,
ruit, ve etables, poultry, ish and shell ish that could be used or medicinal purposes .
This chapter ocuses on the application o diet therapy in the mana ement o cancer .

Diet therapy in cancer treatment strate ies

REGULATING NUTRITION IN CANCER PATIENTS

Cancer is a disease that uses up the body's resources . In addition, Qi and Blood will be se-
verely dama ed in those under oin sur ery, whereas radiotherapy and chemotherapy o ten

354 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
result in poor appetite, nausea and vomitin , diar-
rhea, and other adverse reactions in the astrointes-
tinal tract that severely impede the absorption and
utilization o nutrients . I the body takes in ewer
nutrients than it needs to unction properly, it will
be come extremely debilitated and less able to resist
disease ; cachexia may occur in severe cases .
There ore, re ulatin nutrition plays a key role in
recovery rom an illness . Intake o the proper
amount o basic nutrients at the ri ht time is essen-
tial or repairin dama ed tissues and maintainin
an appropriate wei ht; proteins, ats and carbo-
hydrates such as starch and su ar are the source o
ener y, and vitamins, iber and minerals participate
in the metabolic process. All o these nutrients
should be taken in rom the daily diet.
Food that is rich in protein includes ish, meat,
poultry, e s, pulses (beans), and peanuts ; these
oods are also relatively rich in vitamin B and iron .
Fresh or powdered milk and milk products such as
condensed milk, cheese, butter, and yo urt are also
rich in proteins, vitamins A and B, and calcium .
Ve etables, ruit, resh ruit juice, and dried ruits
contain abundant vitamins, iber and minerals . Rice
and lour and products made rom them, such as
rice cakes, bread, biscuits and pastries are a source
o carbohydrates, i .e. ener y or the body; they also
contain vitamin B and iron . Fats and ve etable oils,
cheese and butter are a source o calories and vita-
min E .
PATTERN IDENTIFICATION AND
DIETARY REQUIREMENTS
A diet developed on the basis o a cancer patient's
appetite and special requirements can both satis y
nutritional demands and help the body to recover .
At the same time, the practitioner must devise a
dietary strate y based on pattern identi ication at
various sta es o a disease. In TCM, the pattern and
mani estations o ten chan e at di erent phases in
the development o a disease in accordance with its
cause, the constitution and a e o the patient, the
climate, and eo raphic actors. Diet will also vary
dependin on the chan in patterns .
Generally speakin , supplementin and boostin
oods should be used or De iciency patterns, oods
that dispel patho enic actors or Excess patterns,
oods or warmin the interior and disseminatin
Heat or interior Cold patterns, and oods or
clearin and drainin Heat or interior Heat patterns .
More speci ic examples are detailed below :
• For exuberant Heat Toxins, select ve etables
that have the unctions o clearin Heat and reliev-
in Toxicity such as mustard lea , romaine lettuce
(cos lettuce) and purslane (Ma Chi Xian, Herba
Portulacae Oleraceae), or cool oods such as duck,
reed rhizome (Lu Gen, Rhizoma Phra mitis Com-
munis) and aspara us. However, red insen (Hon
Shen, Radix Ginsen Rubra), cinnamon twi (Gui
Zhi, Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae), litchee, venison,
and lamb or mutton should be avoided, as they are
warmin and supplementin oods .
• For postoperative cases with abdominal disten-
sion, loose stool and lack o appetite, suitable oods
include Chinese yam (Shan Yao, Rhizoma Dio-
scoreae Oppositae), hawthorn ruit (Shan Zha,
Fructus Cratae i), barley sprout (Alai 1 °a, Fructus
Hordei Vul aris Germinatus), chicken izzard (Ji
Nei in, Endothelium Corneum Gi eriae Galli) and
tan erine peel (Chen Pi, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)
as they orti y the Spleen and harmonize the Stom-
ach . These are best taken in the orm o re ulatin
and supplementin medicinal con ees such as Shan
1 ao Er 11i Zhon (Chinese Yam, Rice and Millet
Con ee) or 1'i Mi Zhon (Coix Seed Con ee) . How-
ever, drastic supplementation is inadvisable, because
Qi and Blood will have been severely dama ed by
sur ery and the stomach's absorption unction will
have been impaired .
Since one disease can mani est with di erent
patterns, there will also be di erences in the oods
suitable or that disease . For instance, where diar-
rhea occurs as a complication o colorectal cancer :
• or patterns o Damp-Heat accumulatin inter-
nally, purslane (Ma Chi Xian, Herba Portulacae
Oleraceae) is a suitable ood .
• or patterns o ood accumulatin and not
bein di ested, suitable oods include radish
(Lai Fay, Radix Raphani Sativi) and hawthorn
ruit (Shan Zha, Fructus Cratae i) .


DIET THERAPY 355

0oostin or patterns o Spleen and Stomach De iciency, medica) used in diet therapy can be divided into ive
s, oods Chinese yam (Shan Yao, Rhizoma Dioscoreae cate ories:
>atterns, Oppositae) and lotus seed (Iian Zi, Semen Ne- • supplementin and au mentin dishes such as
Zinatin lumbinis Nuci erae) should be eaten . Chun Cai Ji Tan (Chicken Soup with Water
As or Stomach cancer can be taken as another example : Shield), Shan Yao Ji Zhi Tan (Chinese Yam and
Datterns . or patterns o Qi sta nation and con estion, Chicken Broth), Dan Gui Yan Rou Gen (Chi-
tan erine peel (Chen Pi, Pericarpium Cirri Re- nese An elica and Mutton Broth), or Wu Zhi
;etables ticulatae) and Buddha's hand (Fo Shou, Fructus Yin (Five Juice Bevera e)
I reliev- Citri Sarcodactylis) are suitable oods . • dishes or invi oratin the Blood such as Huan
lettuce • or patterns o insu iciency o Stomach Yin, Hua E Jiao Dan Tan (Day Lily, Donkey-Hide
Herba lehnia or adenophora root (Sha Shen, Radix Gelatin and E Yolk Soup)
Glehniae seu Adenophorae), ophiopo on root • dishes or so tenin hardness and dissipatin
S duck,
s Com- (Mai Men Don , Radix Ophiopo onis Japonici) lumps such as Huan Qi Hai Dai Yin (Astra alus
(Hon and resh ruit can be eaten. and Kelp Bevera e)
Only by ollowin a diet on the basis o pattern • dishes or clearin Heat and relievin Toxicity
i (Gui
venison, identi ication can the unctions o the Zan -Fu such as Li Yan Cha (Throat-Bene itin Tea) and
hey are or ans be re ulated, internal balance restored, and Yin Lu Bo He Cha (Honeysuckle Flower, Reed
the nutrients required by the patient be adequately Rhizome and Peppermint Tea)
disten- maintained . dishes based on symptoms :
The hot, warm, cool or cold nature o the ood 1. or bleedin , prepare Con Bai E Jiao Yin (Scal-
e oods
selected must always be borne in mind . Some doc- lion and Donkey-Hide Gelatin Bevera e) or
a Dio-
tors ar ue that both so t-shelled turtle and eel are Huan Hua E Jiao Dan Tan (Day Lily, Donkey-
'n Zha,
ood or patients with cancer. However, they have a Hide Gelatin and E Yolk Soup)
Fructus
di erent nature . So t-shelled turtle is o a cool or poor appetite, prepare Xiao Shi Yin (Bever-
:ard (Ii
nature and enriches Yin; it is not suitable or patients a e or Dispersin Food Accumulation) or Shan
1h) and
with Stomach-Cold. On the other hand, eel is o a Yao Shuan E Tan (Chinese Yam, Goose Blood
iculatae)
warmin and supplementin nature and is suitable and Goose Flesh Soup)
Stom- or Stomach-Cold patterns ; however, it is contrain- 3. or pain, prepare Nei in Ji Li Zhou (Chicken
,ulatin dicated or Damp-Heat in the Stomach. Gizzard and Flat-Stem Milkvetch Seed Con ee)
as Shan In addition, while selectin oods on the basis o or Hu Tao Du Zbon Tan (Walnut and Eucom-
Millet pattern identi ication, a balanced, nutritious diet mia Bark Soup)
. How- must be maintained . In others words, the diet 4. or ever, prepare Zhi Mu Su Ron Yin
)ecause should be as varied as possible in terms o color, (Quick-Dissolvin Anemarrhena Powder) or Da
ed by ra rance and lavor while satis yin the patient's Mai Zhou (Barley Con ee)
on will nutritional requirements and should also incorpo- or edema, prepare Fu Lin Yi Mi Zbou (Poria
rate di erent orms o preparation such as broth, and Coix Seed Con ee)
i erent thin soup or con ee. This avoids the situation o a
oods patient no lon er wantin to eat or keepin too COMPATIBILITY OF DIET WITH THE
-e diar- much to one particular type o ood . NATURE AND CONDITION OF THE
ancer: DISEASE
inter-
FOOD OR MATERIA MEDICA
t ulacae The nature and lavor o ood should be appropri-
Chinese medicine emphasizes the combination o ate or the pattern relatin to the disease (Cold or
id not herbal medicine and diet therapy, and it is some- Heat, De iciency or Excess) . In this context, nature
radish times di icult to distin uish whether particular in- and lavor have the same si ni icance as they do
,vthorn redients are used as materia medica or as ood.' when re errin to materia medica . Compatible
Dependin on their unction, ood (or materia oods mean those that are bene icial or help ul to
356 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
the treatment o a disease ; incompatible oods are
those that do not bene it recovery rom the disease
and should there ore be avoided .
Cancer patients with severe Heat patterns due to
Toxins invadin deep into the body, mani estin as
thirst, irritability and restlessness, non-abatin ever,
and dry, bound stool, should eat ruit, watermelon,
rice con ee and other coolin oods that clear Heat,
orti y the Stomach, disperse thirst and eliminate
vexation . Consumption o warm, dry, oily and
reasy ood should be kept to a minimum .
Cancer patients with clinical mani estations o
the tumor itsel or adverse reaction to treatment
such as poor appetite, nausea and vomitin , and
distension and ullness in the stomach should avoid
eatin sweet or reasy ood such as sweet potato,
corn, milk, deep- ried ood, and meat pies . However,
bland ood such as soup made rom resh ve eta-
bles, mushroom or laver, or juice squeezed rom
lotus root (Ou, Rhizoma Nelumbinis Nuci erae),
water chestnut or apple is suitable .
Patients with edema o the limbs should cut
down on salty or pickled oods and avoid cold, raw,
reasy and cloyin oods in order to prevent urther
dama e to the Spleen and Stomach and increased
accumulation o water and Dampness .
DIETARY INCOMPATIBILITIES
Folk sayin s such as persimmon is incompatible
with crab, onions with honey, and turtle with
three-colored amaranth are backed up by reports in
specialist literature o adverse reactions a ter eatin
these oods to ether . The Ei hteen Incompatibili-
ties and Nineteen Anta onisms ound in materia
medica books should also be observed . In addition,
radish (Lai Fu, Radix Raphani Sativi) or radish seeds
(Lai Fu 7i, Semen Raphani Sativi) should be
avoided when takin supplementin or enrichin
materia medica .
COMPATIBILITY OF DIET WITH SEASON
AND CLIMA"1 E
As the seasons and climate chan e, the laws o na-
ture should be complied with . Yan Qi is exuberant
in sprin and summer, and warmin and supple-
mentin oods such as mutton and red insen
(Hon Shen, Radix Ginsen Rubra) should be
avoided as much as possible . Autumn in China is a
dry season and many patients su er rom dry
mouth and ton ue, nosebleeds and cracked lips ;
ruit with a hi h water content should be eaten and
ood with an acrid lavor and hot nature avoided . In
winter, when the weather is cold, avoid cool or cold
oods that dama e the Stomach, and eat warm,
supplementin oods .
COMPATIBILITY OF DIET WITH THE
PATIENTAND THE DISEASE
Althou h the patients covered by the treatments in
this book are all su erin rom cancer, they will
di er in their con enital and acquired constitutions,
the seriousness o their condition and the speci ic
treatment iven to them . Consequently, diets will
also di er. Generally speakin , it is contraindicated
to eat ood that is similar in nature and lavor to the
nature o the disease ( or instance, acrid and spicy
ood should be avoided in Heat patterns) . Food
should be eaten that is compatible with the
treatment employed, or example ood o a Cold
nature or Heat patterns and ood o a Hot nature
or Cold patterns. The di erent measures adopted
in the overall treatment strate y and any adverse
reactions should also be taken into consideration .
Selection o diet
APPLY SUPPLEMENTATION AND
REGULATION IN ACCORDANCE WITH
THE TREATMENT UNDERTAKEN
Sur ery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the
main methods or treatin cancer . Be ore sur ery,
nutrition should be increased and the constitution
stren thened to enable the patient to withstand the
operation better . A ter sur ery, dependin on the
location o the operation and the speed o recovery
o the di estion and absorption unctions, nutrition
should be supplemented radually to accelerate the
process o repair.
Since radiotherapy can result in ulceration or in-
lammation, it is better to eat supplementin and
replenishin oods to enerate Body Fluids and

)uld be nourish Yin, such as resh ve etables and ruit or
-una is a bevera es derived rom these products, thus in-
om dry creasin the intake o vitamins and minerals.
zed lips ; As a eneral rule, radiotherapy and chemotherapy
iten and
result in De iciency and depletion o Qi and Blood,
)ided . In or Blood De iciency due to desiccation o Body
l or cold
Fluids . It is there ore recommended to include in
t warm,
the diet materia medica or au mentin Qi, nour-
ishin Yin, and supplementin Qi and Blood, such
as Xi Yan Shen* (Radix Panacis Quinque olii),
Huan Qi (Radix Astra ali seu Hedysari), Dan Gui
(Radix An elicae Sinensis), Gou Qi Zi (Fructus
vents in Lycii), and Bai Mu Er (Tremella) .
hey will In this way, the body's ability to withstand treat-
titutions, ment will be enhanced and overall stren th in-
speci ic creased, enablin the patient to proceed to the next
liets will sta e or the next radiotherapy or chemotherapy
ndicated course.
or to the The most appropriate oods or the various
nd spicy sta es o treatment are discussed in reater detail
s) . Food below.
vith the
a Cold
AF1 ER SURGERY
)t nature
adopted Patients o ten mani est with patterns o De iciency
adverse o Qi and Blood, and devitoli>ed Spleen and Stom-
-ation . ach caused by lack o nutrition and postoperative
unctional disorders. Diet therapy should ocus on
supplementin nutrition and calories throu h the
intake o ood rich in proteins and vitamins and
also on re ulatin the unction o the Spleen and
Stomach to rouse Stomach Qi, restore the source
VITH o eneration and trans ormation, and siren en
the Root o Later Heaven . Apart rom milk and
e s, the diet should also include resh ve etables
are the and ruit such as radish, carrots, spinach, chives,
sur ery, onion, Chinese lea , oran es, rape ruit, lemons,
lstitution hawthorn ruit, and dried apricot .
stand the Food selection should also be based on the con-
on the dition o the patient and the site o the sur ery :
recovery
• Followin an operation on the head, patients
nutrition
o ten mani est with mental ati ue and ear . The
lerate the
normal diet should be expanded to include ood
on or in- or supplementin the Kidneys, nourishin the
itin and brain, quietin the Spirit and sharpenin the
uids and wits such as hawthorn ruit (Shan Zha, Fructus
Cratae i), momordica ruit (Luo Han Guo,
DIET THERAPY 357
Fructus Momordicae Grosvenori), walnuts,
mulberry, Lon jin tea, water melon, wax ourd,
wild rice stem, honey, lotus seed (Lian Zi,
Semen Nelumbinis Nuci erae), shiitake mush-
rooms, pi 's brain, and yellow jelly un us (Bai
Mu Er, Tremella) .
A ter sur ery on the neck, or example or thy-
roid land cancer or cancer o the ton ue, the
diet should include oods or trans ormin
Phle m, bene itin the throat, so tenin hard-
ness and dissipatin lumps such as Xin Ken
Shuan (Almond Kernel jelly), loquat ruit,
wol berry (Gou Qi Zi, Fructus Lycii), pear,
litchees, seaweed, sea cucumber, oysters, jelly-
ish, laver, and shiitake mushrooms.
• A ter sur ery on the chest, or example or
breast, lun or esopha eal cancer, the diet
should include oods or nourishin and sup-
plementin the Blood, loosenin the chest and
bene itin the diaphra m such as oran es,
apples, loquat ruit, lon an ruit, Chinese dates
(Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae), wax ourd,
almonds, dishcloth ourd (Si Gua, Fructus Lu -
ae), lotus root (Ou, Rhizoma Nelumbinis
Nuci erae), carrot, wild rice stem, water chest-
nut, sea cucumber, Chinese yam powder, Yi Mi
Zhou (Coix Seed Con ee), He Tao Ken Bai He
Zhou (Walnut Kernel and Lily Bulb Con ee),
and Mu Er Nuo Mi Zhou (Jelly Fun us and Glu-
tinous Rice Con ee) .
• A ter sur ery on the abdomen, or example or
stomach, liver, colorectal or pancreatic cancer,
the diet should include ood or nourishin the
Blood, emolliatin the Liver, and re ulatin the
Spleen and Stomach such as lemons, oran es,
Buddha's hand (Fo Shou, Fructus Citri Sarco-
dactylis), citron ruit (Xian Yuan, Fructus Citri
Medicae seu Wilsonii), banana, momordica ruit
(Luo Han Guo, Fructus Momordicae Grosve-
nori), Chinese dates (Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi
Jujubae), hawthorn ruit (Shan Zha, Fructus
Cratae i), spinach, purslane (Ma Chi Xian,
Herba Portulacae Oleraceae), resh in er,
honey, abalone, and rice ield eel/ inless eel (or
other species o reshwater eel) .
A ter sur ery on the urolo ical system, or ex-
ample in treatin kidney, bladder or prostate

cancer, the diet should include ood or sup-
plementin the Kidneys, nourishin the Liver,
reein the Bladder and promotin urination
such as wol berry (Gou Qi Zi, Fructus Lycii),
pear, banana, Chinese quince ruit (Mu Gua,
Fructus Chaenomelis), momordica ruit (Luo
Han Guo, Fructus Momordicae Grosvenori),
kiwi ruit (Chinese ooseberry), walnuts, mul-
berry, black sesame seeds, water melon, wax
ourd, lotus root (Ou, Rhizoma Nelumbinis
Nuci erae), Chinese yam powder, mun beans,
aduki beans, purslane (Ma Chi Xian, Herba
Portulacae Oleraceae), yellow jelly un us (Bai
Mu Er, Tremella), pumpkin seed, crucian carp,
abalone, Lon jin tea, and Yi Mi Zhou (Coix
Seed Con ee) .
• A ter sur ery on the emale reproductive system,
or example in treatin cancer o the uterus,
cervix or ovaries, the diet should include ood
or nourishin the Blood, re ulatin menstrua-
tion, and enrichin and supplementin the Liver
and Kidneys such as pome ranate, momordica
ruit (Luo Han Guo, Fructus Momordicae
Grosvenori), wol berry (Gou Qi Zi, Fructus Ly-
cii), i s, banana, lemons, lon an ruit, rapes,
walnuts, mulberry, black sesame seeds, water
melon, wax ourd, black jelly un us (Hei Mu Er,
Exidia Plana), Chinese yam powder, lotus root
(Ou, Rhizoma Nelumbinis Nuci erae), Chinese
prickly ash (Hua Jiao, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli),
mun beans, aduki beans, crucian carp, e s,
milk, and Yi Mi Zhou (Coix Seed Con ee) .
• A ter sur ery on the limbs, or example in
treatin tumors o the so t tissue and bones, the
diet should include ood or stren thenin the
sinews and bones, soothin the sinews and
invi oratin the network vessels such as
wol berry (Gou Qi Zi, Fructus Lycii), i s,
momordica ruit (Lao Han Guo, Fructus
Momordicae Grosvenori), Chinese quince ruit
(Mu Gua, Fructus Chaenomelis), dishcloth
ourd (Si Gua, Fructus Lu ae), bitter ourd,
litchees, walnuts, lon an ruit, mulberry, and
black jelly un us (HeiMu Er, Exidia Plana) .
Al- ILK CHEMOTHERAPY
Chemotherapeutic a ents o ten cause side-e ects
such as nausea, vomitin , and a reduction in
peripheral blood values as a result o bone marrow
suppression dama in the hematopoietic system .
Diet therapy or patients who have undertaken
chemotherapy should ocus on increasin the appe-
tite and encoura in intake o more nutritious ood,
such as Shan Zha Dun Shou Rou (Hawthorn Fruit
Stewed with Pork), Dan Gui Yan Rou Gen (Chi-
nese An elica and Mutton Broth), Chon Cao Zhen
An Chun (Quails Steamed with Cordyceps), resh
Royal Ginsen jelly, yellow jelly un us (Bai Mu Er,
Tremella), and hed eho hydnum (or other species
o dark mushroom) to supplement the Blood and
orti y the Spleen and Stomach, reduce side-e ects
and rein orce the e ectiveness o the overall treat-
ment. Fish and shell ish are contraindicated .
• The lar e dosa es o combination chemother-
apy iven to patients with lymphoma and leu-
kemia o ten cause severe side-e ects . The diet
should there ore also include ood or au -
mentin Qi, nourishin the Blood, supple-
mentin the bones and eneratin the Marrow
such as apples, oran es, momordica ruit (Luo
Han Guo, Fructus Momordicae Grosvenori),
Chinese dates (Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae),
milk, e s, spinach, coriander, walnuts, and
marrow rom the bones o pi s or cows .
• For patients with solid tumors such as those
appearin in lun , stomach, liver, colorectal,
cervical, and ovarian cancer, the side-e ects in-
duced by chemotherapy are similar, even thou h
the location o the tumors is di erent . The diet
should also include ood or supplementin and
nourishin the Liver and Kidneys and re ulatin
the Spleen and Stomach such as oran es, Bud-
dha's hand (Fo Shou, Fructus Cirri Sarcodactylis),
coconut, pome ranate, hawthorn ruit (Shan
Zha, Fructus Cratae i), chicken liver, black jelly
un us (Hei Mu Er, Exidia Plana), mushroom,
aduki bean, Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao, Peri-
carpium Zanthoxyli), resh in er, honey, radish,
tomato, purslane (Ma Chi Xian, Herba Portu-
lacae Oleraceae), and sun lower seeds .


DIET THERAPY 359

AFTER RADIOTHERAPY reshwater eel), loquat ruit, and apricots .

• Where radiotherapy is applied to tumors in the
Durin and a ter radiotherapy, patients o ten mani-
e ects abdomen, the diet should also include ood or
tion in est with si ns o scorchin Heat dama in Yin, orti yin the Spleen, harmonizin the Stomach,
characterized by dry mouth and ton ue, a red and
marrow nourishin the Blood and supplementin Qi
peelin ton ue body, and a wiry, thready and rapid
system . such as oran es, tan erines, citron ruit (Xian
pulse . Diet therapy should emphasize enrichin and
iertaken Yuan, Fructus Citri Medicae seu Wilsonii), red
moistenin ood, li ht ood, and ood o a sweet
ie appe- bayberry, hawthorn ruit (Shan Zha, Fructus
lavor and cold nature or eneratin Body Fluids
us ood, Cratae i), chicken liver, resh in er, and Yi Mi
such as water chestnuts, pears, resh lotus root (Ou,
.n Fruit Zbou (Coix Seed Con ee) .
Rhizoma Nelumbinis Nuci erae), lotus seed (Lian Zi,
n (Chi- • Where radiotherapy is applied to tumors in the
Semen Nelumbinis Nuci erae), wax ourd, water
no Zhen enitourinary system, the diet should also in-
melon, mun beans, citron ruit (Xian Yuan, Fruc-
>), resh clude oods or osterin Yin, clearin Heat,
tus Citri Medicae seu Wilsonii), and yellow jelly
Mu Er, supplementin the Kidneys and nourishin the
un us (Bid Mu Er, Tremella) . Patients should avoid
species Liver such as wol berry (Gou Qi Zi, Fructus
spicy, deep- ried and stimulatin ood, ci arettes
)od and Lycii), i s, water melon, bitter ourd, sun lower
and alcohol. Other dietary recommendations de-
e ects seeds, milk, e s, Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao,
pend on the site o the radiotherapy:
ill treat- Pericarpium Zanthoxyli), and citron ruit (Xian
• Where radiotherapy is applied to tumors on the
head, the diet should also include ood or en- Yuan, Fructus Cirri Medicae seu Wilsonii) .
nother-
richin Yin, orti yin the brain, sharpenin the
nnd leu- wits and quietin the Spirit such as walnuts,
le diet chestnuts, peanuts, reen tea, mulberry, black
Foods and materia medica used
or au - sesame seeds, pome ranate, man o, pineapple, as ood in the mana ement o
supple- Chinese dates (Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae), cancer
Marrow spiny jujube seed (Suan Zao Ren, Semen Ziziphi
.ut ( aro Spinosae), and seaweed. As mentioned previously, in TCM, ood is o ten
venori), Where radiotherapy is applied to tumors on the considered as medicine and many materia medica
ujubae), are o ten eaten as ood or added to other dishes .
ace and neck, the diet should also include ood
.ts, and or enrichin Yin, eneratin Body Fluids, This section discusses the e ects and unctions o
clearin Heat and bearin Fire downward such certain commonly used oods/materia medica,
s those as pears, oran es, apples, water melon, water which i taken as directed will stren then the con-
lorectal, caltrop (Lin Jiao, Fructus Trapae), lotus root stitution o cancer patients and enhance their en-
sects in- (Ou, Rhizoma Nelumbinis Nuci erae), rape- eral health .
thou h ruit, lemons, bitter ourd, honey, reen tea, They can be prepared with a selection o the
rbe diet wild rice stem, Chinese lea , crucian carp, and ollowin in redients to which seasonin s are added
in and jelly ish. to make a variety o soups, broths, con ees, salads,
;ulatin Where radiotherapy is applied to tumors on the and stir- ried dishes - walnut kernels (Hu Tao Ren,
:s, Bud- chest, the diet should also include ood or en- Semen Ju landis Re iae), lon an ruit (Lon Yan Rou,
.actylis), richin Yin, moistenin the Lun s, stoppin Arillus Euphoriae Lon anae), Chinese dates (Da
t (Shan cou hin and trans ormin Phle m such as wax Zao, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae), Chinese yam (Shan
ick jelly ourd, water melon, dishcloth ourd (Si Gua, Yao, Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae), lotus seed
hroom, Fructus Lu ae), oran es, white pear (Pyrus bret- (Lian Zi, Semen Nelumbinis Nuci erae), edible
io, Peri- schneiden), lotus root (Ou, Rhizoma Nelumbinis bird's nest (the outer part o the nests built by
radish, Nuci erae), Chinese yam powder, perilla ruit swi ts o the enus Collocalia), ish maw, shark's in,
Portu- (Su Zi, Fructus Perillae Frutescentis), radish, sea cucumber, oysters, inless or rice ield eel (or
rice ield eel/ inless eel (or other species o other species o reshwater eel), coach, snakehead
mullet, quail, pi eon, black-boned chicken, youn
chicken, duck, pi 's liver, pi 's kidney, pi 's tripe,
tendons o pork, tenderloin, rock candy, Royal jelly,
lotus root starch, water chestnut, and su arcane .
Most o these products should now be available
throu hout the world in local supermarkets or Chi-
nese rocery stores, but i not, suitable local prod-
ucts can be substituted .
REN SHEN (RADIX GINSENG)
Ren Shen (Radix Ginsen ), its many varieties, such as
Gao Li Shen (Radix Ginsen Coreensis), sun-dried
insen (Shen Shai Shen), Hon Shen (Radix Ginsen
Rubra), and Bai Shen (Radix Ginsen Alba), and its
more a ordable alternatives such as Xi Yan Shen*
(Radix Panacis Quinque olii), Dan Shen (Radix
Codonopsitis Pilosulae) and Tai Zi Shen (Radix
Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae) all have the unction
o supplementin Qi.
Modern pharmacolo ical studies have proven
that the polysaccharides contained in insen are
active in enhancin the immune unction in patients
with late-sta e stomach cancer and other tumors .'
Ginsen is o ten used in combination with other
materia to alleviate the side-e ects caused by radio-
therapy or chemotherapy, such as leukopenia,
erythrocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, alopecia, and
nausea and vomitin .
Recipes with insen as one o the main in re-
dients include Ken Shen Lian Er Tan (Ginsen ,
Lotus Seed and Yellow Jelly Fun us Soup), Ken Shen
Zhou (Ginsen Con ee) and Ken Shen Hon Zao Gui
Yuan Tan (Ginsen , Chinese Date and Lon an
Fruit Soup) .
HUANGQI (RADIX ASTRAGALI SEU
HEDYSARI)
Huan Qi (Radix Astra ali seu Hedysari), or astra-
alus, supplements Qi, consolidates the exterior,
draws out Toxins and enerates lesh, bene its the
movement o water and disperses swellin ; it is rich
in selenium, iron and calcium .
Huan Qi (Radix Astra ali seu Hedysari) can ex-
cite the central nervous system, re ulate the im-
mune unction, and stren then the body's resistance
to inhibit the rowth o tumors . The decoction o
the herb can stimulate the production o
anti-cancer actors and inter eron . 2
Huan Qi (Radix Astra ali seu Hedysari) is o ten
used in combination with Dan Gui (Radix An eli-
cae Sinensis) and Lon Yan Rou (Arillus Euphoriae
Lon anae) to raise peripheral blood values to re-
duce leukopenia caused by radiotherapy or chemo-
therapy.
It can be used in a variety o dishes such as
Huan Qi Hai Dai Yin (Astra alus and Kelp Bever-
a e), Huan Qi Hou Tou Tan (Astra alus and
Hed eho Hydnum Soup) and Huan Qi Ji Rou Zhou
(Astra alus and Chicken Con ee) .
Huan Qi Hui Shi in (Assorted In redients
Braised with Astra alus Root) is a very popular dish
in Taiwan with patients recoverin rom treatment
or tumors. For this dish, a decoction o Huan Qi
(Radix Astra ali seu Hedysari) is used to braise
stir- ried slices o bamboo shoots, pork and carrot .
DANG GUI (RADIXANGELICAE SINENSIS)
Dan Gui (Radix An elicae Sinensis), or Chinese
an elica root, is requently used to supplement and
invi orate the Blood . It also has the unctions o
moistenin the Intestines and reein the bowels,
reein the channels and invi oratin the network
vessels, dispersin swellin and dissipatin lumps . It
is indicated or dizziness, Blood-Dryness, Dryness
o the Intestines, knocks and alls, abdominal
masses and accumulations, and pain due to stasis
and bindin .
Its water-soluble constituents include vitamins A,
E and B12, more than 10 amino acids, and various
trace elements. An extract o Dan Gui (Radix
An elicae Sinensis) can stimulate B cells, thus
enhancin the immunolo ic unction . Dan Gui
W ei (Extremitas Radicis An elicae Sinensis) directly
inhibits the rowth o cancer cells .-,
Used durin chemotherapy or late-sta e breast
cancer, ormulae with Dan Gui (Radix An elicae
Sinensis) as the main in redient can diminish the
eelin o ati ue, alleviate pain, increase the appe-
tite and extend the survival period . 4 The polysac-
charides contained in Dan Gui (Radix An elicae
Sinensis) enhanced the e ectiveness o mitomycin
in experiments.;
 DIET THERAPY 361

decoction o Dan Gui (Radix An elicae Sinensis) is used as GouQi Cha (Wol berry Tea), where 5 o reen tea
>duction o the main in redient in Dan Gui Yan Rou Gen is in used in a decoction o 20 o Gou Qi Zi
(Chinese An elica and Mutton Broth) . In addition, (Fructus Lycii) prepared with 500m1 o water, and
'sari) is o ten dependin on the season and personal pre erences, Gou Qi Jiu (Wol berry Liquor), where 20 o the
adix An eli- convalescin patients can be iven Dan Gui Huo herb is steeped in 750m1 o vodka or 3-4 weeks
is Euphoriae Guo (Chinese An elica Hotpot) containin Dan Gui with a little o the liquid then bein sipped every
values to re- (Radix An elicae Sinensis), ish balls, shiitake day; it can also be used in dishes such as QiQi Tao
,y or chemo- mushroom, Chinese lea and bean curd . Ken Tan (Astra alus, Wol berry, Walnut and Peanut
Soup), Qi Zao Dan Hua Tan (Wol berry, Chinese
;hes such as Date and E Soup) and Shou Wu Zao Qi Zhou
Kelp Bever- LING ZHI (CLANODERMA)
(Fleece lower, Chinese Date and Wol berry Con-
ia alus and Lin Zhi (Ganoderma) has stren thenin , enrichin ee) .
?i Ji Rou Zhou and supplementin unctions, as well as bein able
to orti y the Stomach and quiet the Spirit ; it also ROU CONG KONG (HERBA CISTANCHES
In redients
inhibits hyperplasia and a in . DESERTICOLAE)
popular dish
m treatment Lin Zhi (Ganoderma) contains triterpenes, many
types o amino acids, lucose, proteins, and poly- Rou Con Kon (Herba Cistanches Deserticolae), or
o Huan Qi cistanche, supplements the Kidneys and boosts the
:d to braise saccharides. It has a pronounced e ect in inhibitin
the proli eration o tumors; in particular, Lin Zhi Essence, moistens the Intestines and rees the bow-
and carrot.
Po Lie Bao Zu Fen (Ganoderma Burst Spore Powder) els, and promotes lon evity. It is indicated or De i-
inhibits the telomerase activity o cancer cells . 5 Lin ciency o both Yin and Yan , mani estin as
SINENSIS) Kidney De iciency and shorta e o Essence, limp-
Zbi (Ganoderma) can be used in the treatment o
or Chinese esopha eal, stomach and colorectal cancer . ness and achin in the lower back and knees, and
dement and Soups, broths and con ees made with Lin Zhi dry, bound stool .
unctions o Modern research indicates that the alkaloids con-
(Ganoderma) such as Lin Zhi Hon Zao Zhou
the bowels, tained in Rou Con Kon (Herba Cistanches Deserti-
(Ganoderma and Chinese Date Con ee) are ener-
he network colae) have a hormone-like unction, can increase
ally very suited to cancer patients because they are
n lumps. It the body's resistance to disease and are e ective in
easy to di est .
:ss, Dryness treatin De iciency o and dama e to the Liver and
abdominal Kidneys, consumption o Body Fluids and
ue to stasis GOUQI ZI (1 RUCTUS LYCII) Blood-Dryness, and constipation in late-sta e can-
cer patients . 8
Gou Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii), or wol berry, enhances
vitamins A, Rou Con Kon (Herba Cistanches Deserticolae)
the immune unction, inhibits a in , supplements
and various can be made into a con ee with polished lutinous
the Liver and Kidneys, and stren thens the sinews
Gui (Radix rice, or used to prepare a hotpot with mutton and
and bones . It contains up to 166 x 10-6 ml/L o the bean starch vermicelli . A decoction o Rou Con
cells, thus
Dan Gui anti-cancer trace element ermanium, 2 .8 times as Kon (Herba Cistanches Deserticolae) and Dan Gui
Isis) directly much as that contained in Gao Li Shen (Radix Gin- (Radix An elicae Sinensis) can be cooked with
sen Coreensis), 28 times as much as that in pol- duck's blood to prepare a liquid that is e ective or
;ta e breast ished round- rain rice (Din Mi, Oryza Sativa), and supplementin the Blood and reein the bowels.
i An elicae much hi her than the amounts contained in Shan
iminish the Dou Gen (Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis) and Da Suan
ZI HE CHE,t (PLACENTA HOMINIS)
e the appe- (Bulbus Allii Sativi) . 6 It also contains carotene,
he polysac- vitamins A, B,, B2 and C, selenium, calcium and Zi He Che (Placenta Hominis) invi orates Yan ,
An elicae iron, which makes it an excellent addition to a diet supplements Yin, reatly supplements Ori inal Qi
mitomycin or patients recoverin rom treatment or cancer .? (Yuan Qi), nourishes the Blood, and boosts the Es-
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) is used in drinks such as sence . It is indicated or a variety o De iciency and
depletion patterns such as De iciency o the Lun s
and Kidneys.
Zi He Che (Placenta Hominis) contains a wide
variety o antibodies, inter eron, blood coa ulation
actors, onadotropins, thyrotropins, erythropoietin,
phospholipids, and polysaccharides, which can en-
hance the immune unction and stren then the
constitution . It is especially use ul or emaciation,
rapid wheezin on exertion and severe anemia in
late-sta e cancer patients .
It can be stewed with Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dio-
scoreae Oppositae) and added to chicken stock to
make a clear chicken broth, or simmered with Don
Chon Xia Cao (Cordyceps Sinensis), or cooked with
rock candy. Its lyophilized powder can be mixed
with powdered Hei Zhi Ma (Semen Sesami Indici)
and white su ar.
HE SHOU WVU (RADIX POLYGONI MULTI-
FLORI)
He Shou WIu (Radix Poly oni Multi lori), or leece-
lower root, supplements the Liver and Kidneys,
stren thens the sinews and bones, nourishes the
Blood, enerates hair rowth, and promotes lon-
evity. The lecithin, lucose, emodin, rhapontin,
sennosides and trace elements it contains have been
demonstrated as havin cardiotonic and hypo-
lipemic properties, and bein able to raise WBC and
promote hair rowth . 10 There ore, He Shou Wlu
(Radix Poly oni Multi lori) is indicated or leuko-
penia and alopecia due to radiotherapy or chemo-
therapy.
This herb can be steamed with black-boned
chicken in a clear soup, made into a paste with
powdered polished round- rain rice (Din Mi, Oryza
Sativa) or prepared as a con ee such as Shou W/u Zao
,Qi Zhou (Fleece lower, Chinese Date and Wol berry
Con ee). Powdered He Shou Wlu (Radix Poly oni
Multi lori) can also be made into a variety o sweet
broths, or instance with Lon Yan Rou (Arillus
Euphoriae Lon anae) or Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi
Jujubae) .
BAI HE (BULB US LILII)
Bai He (Bulbus Lilii), or lily bulb, enriches Yin,
nourishes the Lun s, stops cou hin and moistens
the Intestines. Apart rom vitamins B1, B2 and C,
carotene, proteins and lipids, Bai He (Bulbus Lilii)
also contains alkaloids, one o which, colchicine,
has been demonstrated as inhibitin the proli era-
tion o cancer cells in thrall
Bai He (Bulbus Ilii) is o ten made into a sweet
broth with lotus root starch, rock candy and rose
petals, into soups such as Bai He ji Zi Huan Tan
(Lily Bulb and E Yolk Soup), into con ees such
as Bai He Zhou (Lily Bulb Con ee) and He Tao Ren
Bai He Zhou (Walnut Kernel and Lily Bulb Con ee),
or used or steamed dishes such as Fen Mi Zhen Bai
He (Lily Bulb Steamed with Honey) . These dishes
have the unction o nourishin Yin and stoppin
cou hin and are indicated or dry cou h without
phle m in primary broncho enic carcinoma, medi-
astinal lymphosarcoma and radiation pneumonitis.
TIAN MEN DONG (RADIX ASPARAGI
COCHINCHINFNSIS)
Tian Men Don (Radix Aspara i Cochinchinensis), or
lucid aspara us root, nourishes Yin and enerates
Body Fluids, moistens the Lun s and nourishes the
Stomach, and rees the bowels. It can be used as an
alternative or Lu Sun (Herba Aspara i O icinalis)
in a cancer treatment diet and is e ective or
late-sta e lun cancer, lymphomas and leukemia,
and or reducin adverse side-e ects caused by
radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
Tian Men Don (Radix Aspara i Cochinchinensis)
has proven e ective in reducin hyperplasia in the
lobules o the mammary land and in controllin
the development o beni n and mali nant breast
tumors. 12
Tian Men Don (Radix Aspara i Cochinchinensis)
is used to make Tian Men Don Cha (Lucid Aspara-
us Root Tea) and can be combined with Yu Zhu
(Rhizoma Poly onati Odorati) and Mai Men Don
(Radix Ophiopo onis Japonici) to prepare Yu Zhu
Er Don Tan (Solomon's Seal, Lucid Aspara us and
Ophiopo on Soup) ; both o these dishes are e ec-
tive or nourishin Yin, clearin Heat and inhibitin
tumors.
 DIET THERAPY 363
I moistens BAI MU ER (TREMELLA) DONG CHONG XIA CAO (CO RDYC±PS
B2 and C, SINENSIS)
Bai Mu Er or Yin Er (Tremella), or yellow jelly un-
A bus U14)
us, enriches Yin and moistens the Lun s, nourishes Don Chon Xia Cao (Cordyceps Sinensis) is o ten
colchicine,
the Stomach and moistens the Intestines, quiets the considered as bein as precious as ken Shen (Radix
: proli era-
Spirit and stabilizes the Mind, promotes lon evity Ginsen ) and Lu Ron t (Cornu Cervi Parvum)
and nourishes the complexion . amon supplementin materia medica . It enriches
to a sweet Bai Mu Er (Tremella) contains acid and neutral Lun Yin and supplements Kidney Yan , stops
7 and rose cou hin and calms wheezin .
polysaccharides, proteins, 16 types o amino acids,
-Iuan Tan Don, Chon Xia Cao (Cordyceps Sinensis) con-
calcium, phosphorus, iron, and various vitamins.
i ees such tains more than 20 types o amino acids and a vari-
The polysaccharides contained in Bai Mu Er
le Tao Ren ety o vitamins and minerals . Cordycepic acid and
(Tremella) can increase the rate o lymphoblast
Con ee), cordycepin act to stimulate the adrenal lands, dilate
trans ormation in leukemia patients, activate B and
i Zben Bai the bronchi, enhance monocyte pha ocytosis,
T lymphocytes, and raise the WBC in patients un-
.ese dishes re ulate humoral immunity by increasin antibody
der oin radiotherapy or chemotherapy .13
I stoppin production, and stren then the unction o T
Bai Mu Er (Tremella) can be used to prepare Yin
without lymphocytes . It also inhibits tumor cells present in
Er Za Guo Tan (Yellow Jelly Fun us and Fruit
ma, medi- nasopharyn eal and lun cancers .15
Medley Soup), Mi Tao Yin Er Tan (Honey Peach
unonitis. Its lyophilized powder can be taken directly orally ;
and Yellow Jelly Fun us Soup), Mu Er Nuo Mi Zhou alternatively the un us can be used to prepare a
(Jelly Fun us and Glutinous Rice Con ee) and Bai number o dishes suitable or cancer patients such
GI Er Wu Jia Zhou (Yellow Jelly Fun us and Acantho- as Chon Cao Zhen An Chun (Quails Steamed with
panax Root Con ee) . Bai Mu Er (Tremella) soaked Cordyceps) or Chon Cao Shen Ya (Duck Steamed
nensis), or in water can be mixed with watermelon and su ar with Cordyceps and Ginsen ) . In addition, it can be
and iven to patients under oin radiotherapy or prepared with Lan Yan Rou (Arillus Euphoriae
enerates
irishes the chemotherapy, especially those su erin rom thirst Lon anae), Chinese date paste and rock candy into
.zsed as an due to Yin De iciency. a sweet broth, or stewed with pears .
) icinalis)
ective or SHI HU* (HERBA DENDROBII) LU SUN (HERBA ASPARAGI OPPICINALIS)
leukemia,
Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii), or dendrobium, sup- Lu Sun (Herba Aspara i O icinalis), or aspara us,
:aused by
nourishes Yin, enerates Body Fluids, trans orms
plements the Lun s and nourishes the Stomach, en-
riches Yin and enerates Body Fluids, moistens the Phle m and dissipates lumps . A concentrated liquid
chinensis) o Lu Sun (Herba Aspara i O icinalis) killed tumor
tsia in the Intestines and rees the bowels .
cells derived rom cervical, esopha eal or naso-
Its active constituents dendrobine, dendramine
ontrollin
and mucila e not only promote peristalsis in the pharyn eal cancers in humans and adenocarcinoma
ant breast o the lun s in mice in vitro with the e ect bein
astrointestinal tract to increase the appetite but dose-dependent. Lon -term administration o
chinensis) also enerate Body Fluids to stop thirst, clear Heat, hi hly-concentrated aspara us juice had an obvious
d Aspara- reduce in lammation and enhance the immune e ect in inhibitin the development o tumors ;
h Yu Zhu unction.' a however, the e ect o repeated, small quantities o
Men Don Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) is o ten in used in tinned aspara us was much less .16
:e Yu Zhu boilin water and drunk as a tea, or decocted with For cancer patients, resh aspara us can be
ra us and Qin Guo (Fructus Canarii AN) and in Yin Hua served cold, dressed with su ar and vine ar, as a
are e ec- (Flos Lonicerae) to treat dry mouth, poor appetite, con ee with Chinese dates (Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi
inhibitin nausea, aversion to ood, and mouth ulcers a ter Jujubae) and lutinous rice, or Lu Sun Men Don
radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Zhou (Aspara us and Lucid Aspara us Root
364 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Con ee), as a drink, or cooked as an omelet with
resh e s.
XIAN HE CAO (HERBA AGRIMONIAE
PILOSAE)
Xian He Cao (Herba A rimoniae Pilosae), or hairy
vein a rimony, supplements Qi, stops bleedin ,
trans orms Blood stasis and dissipates swellin . The
a rimonine, a rimonolide and lucosides contained
in the herb have been demonstrated to possess
hemostatic properties . It is also reported that Xian
He Cao (Herba A rimoniae Pilosae) is e ective in
treatin Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma in mice and in-
hibits the development o melanoma and cervical
cancer. 1 7
Xian He Cao (Herba A rimoniae Pilosae) can be
served as Xian He Cao Cha (A rimony Tea), where
5 o reen tea is in used in a decoction o 30 o
Xian He Cao (Herba A rimoniae Pilosae) prepared
with 500ml o water, and Xian He Cao Jiu (A ri-
mony Liquor), where 30 o the herb is steeped in
750m1 o vodka or 3-4 weeks with a little o the
liquid then bein sipped every day; these dishes are
particularly suitable or hemorrha e in lun , colo-
rectal and cervical cancer. It can also be used to
prepare He Zao Yin (A rimony and Date Bevera e)
and Xian He Cao Zhi Dun Zi Ji (Baby Chicken
Stewed with Hairy Vein A rimony) .
BAI GUO (SEMEN GINKGO BILOBAE)
Bai Guo (Semen Gink o Bilobae) supplements the
Lun s and Kidneys, constrains Lun Qi, stabilizes
cou hin and wheezin , and reduces urination : it is
o ten used to treat cou hin and wheezin due to
Lun De iciency, requent urination due to Kidney
De iciency, and seminal emission.
Bai Guo (Semen Gink o Bilobae) contains pro-
teins, lipids, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus,
iron, carotene, ribo lavin, a number o amino acids,
and small amounts o cyano enetic lycoside and
ibberellin .' 5 It is indicated or the Kidneys ailin
to absorb Qi, hasty and rapid breathin , and dry
cou h due to Lun De iciency in late-sta e lun
cancer.
Bai Guo (Semen Gink o Bilobae) can be served
as a drink, prepared as a soup with Chinese dates
(Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) or roasted with
baby chicken . Gink o should not be eaten raw as it
can cause irritation o the astrointestinal tract;
similar side-e ects can occur with overdosa e (oc-
casionally rom as ew as 40 seeds) .
YI YI KEN (SEMEN COICIS LA CHRYMA JOBI)
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi), or coix
seed, orti ies the Spleen and harmonizes the
Middle Burner, clears Heat and percolates Dampness,
supplements the Middle Burner and au ments Qi .
It contains a number o amino acids, proteins,
coixol, coixenolide, calcium, phosphorus, and iron .
Its aqueous extract kills cells in Yoshida's sar-
coma, and eliminates cancer cells in Ehrlich's ascites
carcinoma when administered intraperitoneally in
mice .l 9 Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) is
also e ective in treatin stomach and cervical can-
cer, and ascites as a complication o cancer .
It can be served as Yi Yi Ren Cha (Coix Seed Tea),
where 5 o reen tea is in used in a decoction o
20 o Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi)
prepared with 500m1 o water, or as a sweet broth
with water chestnut and tan erine ; it is also used as
one o the staple in redients in a wide variety o
con ees such as Yi Mi Zhou (Coix Seed Con ee), Shi
Bin Shan Yao Zhou (Dried Persimmon, Chinese Yam
and Coix Seed Con ee) and Fu Lin Yi Mi Zhou
(Poria and Coix Seed Con ee) .
MI HO U TAO (PRUCTUS AL 1 INIDIAE
CHINENS IS)
Mi Hou Tao (Fructus Actinidiae Chinensis), or kiwi
ruit, protects the Heart, stren thens the constitu-
tion and reduces ati ue . It contains 5-10 times as
much vitamin C as tan erines and 20-30 times as
much as apples.
Mi Hou Tao (Fructus Actinidiae Chinensis) inhib-
its the rowth o hepatocarcinoma and carcinomas
o the pancreas, stomach and esopha us, and helps
to reduce the side-e ects o radiotherapy and
chemotherapy. It can be served as resh juice, jam, a
dilute drink, or a decoction, but is most e ective
when the ruit is eaten resh .

°se dates SHAN ZHA (HRUCTUS CRATAEGI)
.ted with
raw as it Shan Zha (Fructus Cratae i), or hawthorn ruit, dis-
ial tract ; perses ood and trans orms accumulations (hence
its alternative name o Kai Wei Guo, or appetite-
;a e (oc-
increasin ruit), disperses abdominal masses and
trans orms Blood stasis, trans orms Phle m and al-
leviates pain. It contains tartaric acid, citric acid,
LA JOBI)
cratae olic acid, lavones, saponins, vitamin C,
or coax ructose, and proteins .
izes the An aqueous extract o Shan Zha (Fructus
lampness, Cratae i) can inhibit the rowth o Ehrlich's ascites
cents Qi . carcinoma cells and its aqueous decoction slows the
roteins, rowth rate o cervical carcinoma in mice . This
id iron . herb can also be used or stomach and colorectal
ida's sar- cancer and or abdominal distension and pain as a
i's ascites complication o cancer. 20
neally in It can be taken as a drink, candied haws on a
a-jobi) is
stick, haw jelly, haw slices, or as candied ruit . It can
rical can-
also be in used in boilin water with chrysanthe-
mum lowers (/u Hua, Flos Chrysanthemi Mori olii)
eed Tea), and taken as a tea, or made into a sweet broth with
)ction o lotus seed, lotus starch and rock candy, added to
Tma-jobi) pork to make Shan Zha Dun Shou Rou (Hawthorn
°et broth
Fruit Stewed with Pork), or prepared as Shan Zha
used as Zhou (Hawthorn Fruit Con ee) .
ariety o
i ee), Shi
HAI DAI (LAMINARIA JAPONICA)
iese Yam
Mi Zhou Hai Dai (Laminaria Japonica), or kelp, trans orms
Phle m, so tens hardness, disperses oiter, dissi-
pates lumps, re ulates Qi and rees the Intestines . It
contains laminarin, proteins, proline, vitamins B and
C, carotene, phosphorus, potassium, iodine, and
calcium 2 1 Use o Hai Dai (Laminaria Japonica) to
treat enlar ement o the thyroid land and lymph
nodes was documented at an early date . The ronds
o this sea plant are also known as Kun Bu (Thallus
Laminariae seu Eckloniae) .
It can be used to prepare drinks or soups such as
Huan Qi Hai Dai Yin (Astra alus and Kelp Bever-
a e) or Hai Zhe Bi Shen Tan Qelly ish, Water Chest-
nut and Codonopsis Soup), or in con ees such as
Hai Dai Mai Pian Zhou (Kelp and Oatmeal Con ee) .
It can also be prepared into a paste with lour or
starch .
DIET THERAPY 365
YU XING CAO (HERBA HO IAE
CORDATAE)
Yu Xin Cao (Herba Houttuyniae Cordatae), or
houttuynia, clears Heat and relieves Toxicity, pro-
motes urination and disperses swellin , attacks
hardness and dispels stasis . A crystal (with a meltin
point o 140° C) isolated rom this herb has proved
very e ective in treatin stomach cancer ; the hout-
tuynine contained in the herb has been demon-
strated as havin a pronounced inhibitory e ect on
the mitosis o cancer cells . 22
Yu Xin Cao (Herba Houttuyniae Cordatae) can
be served as a drink such as Yu Xin Cao Yin (Hout-
tuynia Bevera e) or Ji Cai Yin (Houttuynia,
Astra alus and Lepidium Bevera e) or as a soup
made with pi 's tripe ; alternatively, it can be served
cold with bamboo shoots . It is indicated or severe
internal Heat and short voidin s o reddish urine in
lun or colon cancer .
WU HUA GUO (RECEPTACULUM FIG
CARICAE)
Wu Hua Guo (Receptaculum Fici Caricae), or i ,
supplements the Lun , moistens the Intestines, or-
ti ies the Stomach, rees lactation, clears Heat and
relieves Toxicity. It can both stop diarrhea and ree
the bowels. Wu Hua Guo (Receptaculum Fici Caricae)
is rich in lucose, polysaccharides, citric acid and
malic acid 23
It can be served as i tea, as a soup such as Wu
Hua Guo Pai Gu Tan (Fi and Spareribs Soup), or as
an accompaniment to slices o stir- ried pork . It can
also be eaten as a preserved ruit as a healthy snack .
KU G UA (1 RUCTUS MOMORDICAE
CHARANTh4E)
Ku Gua (Fructus Momordicae Charantiae), or bitter
ourd, clears Summerheat and relieves thirst, clears
Heat and relieves Toxicity, au ments Qi and bears
Body Fluids upward . It contains charantin, mo-
mordicine and a number o amino acids ; mo-
mordicine has an inhibitory e ect on ton ue,
laryn eal and nasopharyn eal cancer .
Ku Gua (Fructus Momordicae Charantiae) can be
served as a soup, cold in a salad, or cooked with a
sweet and sour sauce, stu ed with round (minced)
meat, steamed in a clear soup, or stir- ried with
sliced pork .
HOU TO U GU (HYDNUM ERINACEUS)
Hou Tou Gu (Hydnum Erinaceus), or hed eho
hydnum, enriches and supplements to stren then
the body, orti ies the Spleen and harmonizes the
Stomach, disperses abdominal masses and trans-
orms accumulations. It contains vitamins, proteins,
16 types o amino acids, polypeptides, and poly-
saccharides and can enhance the immune system
and inhibit the rowth o tumors in the di estive
tract . I it is not available, other species o dark
mushroom can be used instead.
Hou Tou Gu (Hydnum Erinaceus) can be used to
make soups with pi 's liver or kidneys, or tenderloin,
or with beaten quail, pi eon or chicken e s . It can
also be steamed in clear soup with crucian carp,
bream, or perch, or stir- ried with various types o
Chinese cabba e, cauli lower or romaine (cos) let-
tuce . Since it is rich in amino acids and proteins, it
can increase the appetite ; its pleasant taste means
that many patients with poor appetite durin or
a ter radiotherapy or chemotherapy are willin to
add it to their diet .
PU GONG YING (HERBA TARAXACI CUM
RADICE)
Pu Gon Yin (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice), or dan-
delion, clears Heat and relieves Toxicity, bene its the
Gallbladder and abates jaundice, orti ies the Stom-
ach, rees lactation, promotes urination, and dissi-
pates lumps. It is o ten used in the treatment o
acute mastitis, hepatitis and cholecystitis, urinary in-
ections, and astroenteritis .
Pharmacolo ical analysis has demonstrated that
Pu Gon Yin (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice) contains
taraxasterol, choline, ructose, lucose, inulin, pectin,
vitamin C, carotene and ribo lavin, and acts as a
broad-spectrum antibiotic . It can also inhibit the
rowth o Helicobacterpylori and is used in the treat-
ment o astritis and peptic ulcers due to this bacte-
rium, which has been shown to have a stron link
with stomach cancer. It clears Heat, relieves Toxicity,
cools the Blood and stops bleedin to treat hemor-
rha in ulcers in the astrointestinal tract as a com-
plication o cancer 2 4
Fresh Pu Gon Yin (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice)
can be served cold in a salad, or eaten as a soup
made with Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) ; when
dried, it can be in used and drunk as a tea .
Selected recipes suitable or use
in the mana ement o cancer
BEVERAGES
Therapeutic bevera es are desi ned to keep the
body healthy, and prevent or treat certain symptoms
or conditions by enhancin the immune system and
stren thenin the constitution.
This section presents a number o recipes or
bevera es relevant to the prevention and treatment
o cancer.
YU XING CAO YIN (HOUTTUYNIA BEV-
ERA GE)
Houttuynia (Yu Xin Cao, Herba Houttuyniae Cor-
datae)
Fresh, 200 or dried, 100
Preparation : Decoct the herbs in 500m1 o water
or 20 minutes and sip the decoction rom time to
time .
Properties: Acrid and sli htly warm .
Channels entered: Liver and Lun .
Functions : Inhibits bacteria, expels Toxins and re-
lieves Toxicity, trans orms Phle m, stops cou hin
and calms wheezin .
Indications : Used in primary or metastatic lun
cancer complicated by in ection to disperse in-
lammation, trans orm Blood stasis and reduce
in ection .
Notes : This bevera e is not suitable or some patients
on account o its unpleasant taste . It can there ore be
classi ied as a therapeutic bevera e and is not recom-
mended or drinkin on a lon -term basis .

WU ZHI YIN (FIVE JUICE BEVERAGE)
Pears, sliced, 500
Water chestnut, peeled and sliced, 500
Fresh lotus root (Ou, Rhizoma Nelumbinis
Nuci erae), washed and sliced, 500
Fresh reed rhizome (Lu Gen, Rhizoma Phra mitis
Communis), washed and sliced, 500
Fresh ophiopo on root (Mai Men Don , Radix
Ophiopo onis Japonici), 100
Preparation: Squeeze the juice rom the in redi-
ents, add 500m1 o cold or warm boiled water and
drink.
Properties: Sweet, cool, neutral, non-toxic .
Functions: Clears Heat, relieves Summerheat,
moistens the throat, and eliminates Dryness .
Indications : Dryness and discom ort in the throat,
and radiation pharyn itis, laryn itis and esopha itis
due to radiotherapy in the chest or neck area in the
treatment o nasopharyn eal, esopha eal and lun
cancers, lymphoma and thymoma .
LI YAN CHA (THROAT-BENEFI'1 ING I _LA)
Chrysanthemum lower (Ju Hua, Flos Chrysanthemi
Mori olii), 20
Honeysuckle lower (Tin Yin Hua, Flos Lonicerae), 20
Ophiopo on root (Mai Men Don , Radix Ophiopo-
onis Japonici), 20
Licorice root (Gan Cao, Radix Glycyrrhizae), lO
Sterculia (Pan Da Hai, Semen Sterculiae Lychno-
phorae), 1 seed
Preparation : Add 1000ml o cold water to the in-
redients and decoct or 10 minutes ; drink warm as
a tea rom time to time.
Properties : Sweet, neutral, cool.
Functions : Clears and bene its the throat, moistens
Dryness and disperses in lammation .
Indications: As or Wu Zhi Yin (Five Juices Bever-
a e) ; however, Li Yan Cha (Throat-Bene itin Tea)
has a more e ective anti-in lammatory unction and
can be drunk re ularly by patients under oin radia-
tion therapy.
MAI DONG YIN (OPHIOPOGON BEVERAGE)
Ophiopo on root (Mai Men Don , Radix Ophiopo-
onis Japonici) 20
DIET THERAPY 367
Preparation: Decoct the ophiopo on root in
500m1 o cold water or 10 minutes and drink while
warm.
Properties : Sweet, cool, neutral.
Channel entered: Lun .
Functions : Clears and bene its the throat and
moistens Dryness .
Indications: Reducin the side-e ects caused by
radiotherapy in the treatment o nasopharyn eal,
laryn eal, tonsil and maxillary sinus cancers, and
tumors on the head and neck .
GAN ZHE LUO BO ZHI (SUGARCANE AND
TURNIP JUICE)
Su arcane, 120
Turnip, 120
Haw juice, 200m1
Preparation: Peel the su arcane and cut it into sec-
tions one inch (2 .5cm) lon ; dice the turnip. Place
these two in redients in 300m1 o water, brin to
the boil and simmer or 30 minutes until the turnip
is thorou hly cooked. Turn the heat up and boil
down to 50-100ml, then add the haw juice .
Properties : Sweet, sour, neutral, sli htly cool .
Channels entered: Spleen, Stomach, Heart, and
Kidney.
Functions : Vanquishes Toxicity and inhibits tu-
mors.
Indications : Hiccou hs, distension o the stomach
and indi estion complicatin mali nant tumors .
This juice assists di estion, increases the appetite
and alleviates symptoms .
ZHE OU ZHI YIN (SUGARCANE AND
LOTUS ROOT JUICE BEVERAGE)
Su arcane, 500
Fresh lotus root (Ou, Rhizoma Nelumbinis
Nuci erae), 500
Preparation : Peel the su arcane and cut it into sec-
tions one inch (2.5cm) lon ; clean the resh lotus
root and cut into pieces . Squeeze the juice rom the
in redients and drink.
Properties: Sweet, neutral, cool .
Channels entered : Lun , Heart and Stomach .
Functions: Generates Body Fluids, moistens the
Lun s, clears Heat, and relieves Summerheat.
Indications : This juice is rich in vitamins and can
be used or a weak constitution and poor appetite in
prolon ed illnesses . Its supplementin action also
relieves symptoms such as poor appetite caused by
radiotherapy and chemotherapy .
MAO QI BU YIN (SUPP 1 ,EMENTING
BE VERAGE OF COGON GRASS AND
AS'1 RAGALUS)
Astra alus root (Huan Qi, Radix Astra ali seu He-
dysari)
Fresh, 30 or dried, 20
Co on rass (Bai Mao Gen, Rhizoma Imperatae
Cylindricae), 20
Desert-livin cistanche (Rou Con Kon , Herba Cis-
tanches Deserticolae), 20
Fresh water melon skin (with the reen outer layer
removed), 60
Preparation : Place the in redients in 300ml o
water and brin to the boil . Then simmer or 10
minutes, pour o the juice and drink warm or cold .
Prepare daily.
Properties : Sweet, neutral, sli htly bitter.
Channels entered : Spleen, Lun and Bladder.
Functions : Supplements Qi to treat De iciency.
Indications: Weak constitution, lack o stren th
and poor appetite in the elderly, and as a supple-
mentin and boostin medicinal drink or patients
with De iciency patterns a ter sur ery, or a ter or
durin radiotherapy and chemotherapy .
CHONG CAO SHEN CHA (CORDYCEPS AND
AMERICAN GINSENG TEA)
American insen * (Xi Yan Shen, Radix Panacis
Quinque olii), 10
Cordyceps (Don Chon Xia Cao, Cordyceps Sinen-
sis), 4-8 pieces
Preparation : Add the in redients to 1000ml o
water and brin quickly to the boil ; then simmer
over a very low heat or 4 hours . Drain o the
liquid and drink in 4-6 portions in one day . The tea
can also be taken with ood .
Properties : Acrid, neutral, sli htly cold, non-toxic .
Channels entered: Lun , Spleen, Heart, and Kidney.
Functions : This is a stron ly supplementin
preparation, which can also help inhibit the devel-
opment o cancers.
Indications: Weak constitution, lack o stren th
and emaciation a ter sur ery, or a ter or durin
radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
LIAN CAO CHA (LOTUS SEED AND
LICORICE ROOT 'I EA)
Lotus plumule (Lian Zi Xin, Plumula Nelumbinis
Nuci erae), 1-2
Licorice root (Gan Cao, Radix Glycyrrhizae), 1-2
Green tea, 10
Preparation: Add the lotus plumule and licorice
root to 500m1 o water. A ter the water has boiled,
add the tea and in use .
Properties : Sweet, sli htly bitter, neutral, warm .
Channels entered : Lun , Spleen and Kidney.
Functions : Forti ies the Spleen and stops cou hin .
Indications: Cou hin and wheezin due to De i-
ciency in lun cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis or
other conditions ; drink one dose a day . Lon -term
administration di uses the Lun s, orti ies the
Stomach and promotes di estion, and helps to in-
hibit cancer.
ZIAI\T MEN DONG CHA (LUCID
ASPARAGUS ROOT TEA)
Lucid aspara us root (Tian Men Don , Radix Aspar-
a i Cochinchinensis), 100
Green tea, 3-5
Preparation: Boil the aspara us root in 1000ml o
water or 10 minutes . Add the tea to the decoction
and in use .
Properties : Sweet, neutral, sli htly bitter.
Channels entered: Lun , Spleen, Kidney, and
Stomach .
Functions : Enriches Yin, orti ies the Stomach,
dispels Phle m, abates ever and moistens Dryness.
Both in redients can enhance the immune system
and inhibit cancer.
Indications : Can be served as a drink on a daily
basis or patients with lun cancer or pulmonary
tuberculosis .

QING HAO SHEN MAT YIN (SWEET
WORMWOOD, OPHIOPOGON AND GINSENG
BEVERAGE)
Sweet wormwood (Qin Hao, Herba Artemisiae
Chin hao), 50
Ophiopo on root (Mai Men Don , Radix Ophiopo-
onis Japonici), 30
Ginsen (Ren Shen, Radix Ginsen ), 30 or
codonopsis root (Dan Shen, Radix Codonopsitis
Pilosulae), 60
Honey, 50
Preparation: Add the sweet wormwood and
ophiopo on root to 1000ml o water, brin to the
boil and simmer until the liquid is reduced to 500m1 .
Discard the residues and add the insen (or
codonopsis root) . A ter simmerin or another 5-10
minutes, add the honey . Divide into three portions
to be drunk in one day .
Properties: Sweet, acrid, neutral, warm .
Channels entered: Heart, Spleen and Liver.
Functions : Au ments Qi and stren thens Yan ,
moistens the Lun s and enriches the Kidneys, and
clears De iciency-Heat . Ginsen re ulates the im-
mune unction, sweet wormwood has an
anti-in lammatory e ect, and honey moistens Dry-
ness in the Intestines and Lun s .
Indications : This recipe can be used to maintain
stren th in patients bein treated or cancer by sur-
ery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy ; it can also be
drunk on a re ular basis durin convalescence .
XIAO SHI YIN (BEVERAGE FOR DISPERS-
ING FOOD ACCUMULATION)
Tan erine peel (Chen Pi, Pericarpium Citri Reticu-
latae), 50
Lotus lea (He Ye, Folium Nelumbinis Nuci erae), 50
Hawthorn ruit (Shan Zha, Fructus Cratae i), 50
Barley sprouts (Mai Ya, Fructus Hordei Vul aris
Germinatus), 50
Rock candy, lo
Preparation : Stir- ry the tan erine peel, lotus lea
and hawthorn ruit until they turn yellow. Add the
barley sprouts and decoct in 1000ml o water or 20
minutes . Drain o the liquid and add the rock
candy. Drink warm.
DIET THERAPY 369
Properties : Sweet, neutral, warm .
Channels entered: Spleen and Stomach .
Functions : Promotes di estion, reduces the at
level and lowers blood pressure .
Indications : Chronic astritis, indi estion, and
primary hypertension ; and lack o appetite, ab-
dominal distension and indi estion in cancer
patients . This drink can also improve symptoms in
the astrointestinal tract.
YIN LU BO HE CHA (HONEYSUCKLE
FLOWER, REED RHIZOME AND PEPPER-
MINT 1 EA)
Honeysuckle lower (Jin Yin Hua, Flos Loni-
cerae), 30
Reed rhizome (Lu Gen, Rhizoma Phra mitis
Communis), 30
Peppermint (Bo He, Herba Menthae Haplocaly-
cis), lo
Green tea, 3
Preparation : Decoct the honeysuckle and reed rhi-
zome in 500m1 o water or 15 minutes, then add
the peppermint and cook or a urther 5 minutes .
In use the reen tea in the decoction . I pre erred,
1 O o rock candy can also be added with the tea .
Properties : Sweet, acrid, cool, sli htly bitter .
Channels entered: Lun , Kidney, Bladder, and
Stomach.
Functions : Clears Heat, enerates Body Fluids and
relieves Toxicity
Indications : Hi h ever, irritability and thirst in the
acute sta e o in luenza; sore throat with a burnin
sensation, thirst and indi estion, or the prevention
and treatment o in ection o the pharynx, larynx
and lun s a ter radiotherapy.
CONG BAI E JIAO YIN (SCALLION AND
DONKEYHIDE GELATIN BEVERAGE)
Scallion, 2 stalks
Donkey-hide elatin (E Jiao, Gelatinum Corii
Asini), 9
Preparation : Cook the scallion in 200-400ml o
water or 10 minutes and in use the elatin in the
decoction ; drink one dose a day .
Properties : Neutral, acrid, warm .
370 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Channels entered : Spleen, Liver and Lun .
Functions : Nourishes and supplements the Blood .
Indications : Weak constitution in the elderly,
decreased resistance to colds and in luenza ; or or
increasin resistance to in ection, preventin colds
and in luenza and raisin the red blood cell count in
cancer patients .
GAN CAO CHA (LICORICE ROOT AND
HONEYSUCKLE'] A)
Honeysuckle lower ( in Yin Hua, Flos Loni-
cerae), 30
Licorice root (Gan Cao, Radix Glycyrrhizae), 30
Black tea, 3-5
Preparation: Cover the honeysuckle and licorice
with 500ml o water and brin to the boil . In use
the black tea in the decoction.
Properties : Sweet, neutral, warm.
Channels entered : Lun , Stomach and Kidney.
Functions : Stops cou hin and trans orms Phle m,
relieves Toxicity and disperses in lammation .
Indications : This tea can be drunk by patients with
lun cancer. Black tea warms the Stomach and pro-
motes di estion, and helps to inhibit cancer.
Honeysuckle relieves Toxicity and reduces in lam-
mation and is o ten used in drinks to treat the
side-e ects o radiation therapy or esopha eal
cancer and tumors o the head and neck .
JI CAI I -IN (HOUTTUY NLA, AS'I RAGALUS
AND T.EPIDIUM BEVERAGE)
Houttuynia (Yu Xin Cao, Herba Houttuyniae Cor-
datae), 20
Astra alus (Huan Qi, Radix Astra ali seu He-
dysari), lO
Lepidium seed (Tin Li Zi, Semen Lepidii seu Des-
curainiae), 6
Preparation: Boil the in redients in 300ml o water
and drink the decoction as a tea several times a day
(prepare once a day) .
Properties : Acrid and cool .
Channels entered : Spleen, Stomach and Lun .
Functions : Attacks hardness and dissipates stasis,
clears Heat and relieves Toxicity, promotes urination
and disperses swellin .
Indications : Chronic cou h and prevention o
in ection in lun cancer . It includes constituents
with a comparatively stron antibiotic e ect and is
recommended or use in treatin cancer o the
stomach and anus .
HUANG,QI HAI DAI YIN (ASI KAGALUS
AND KELP BEVERAGE)
Kelp (Hai Dai, Laminaria japonica), 40
Astra alus (Huan Qi, Radix Astra ali seu Hedy-
sari), 40
Preparation: Add the in redients to 300m1 o water,
brin to the boil and simmer or 30 minutes. Drain
o the liquid, and then add another 150 ml o
water to the in redients and simmer or 20 minutes .
Combine the two decoctions. Divide into 4-6 por-
tions and drink within one day .
Properties: Salty, acrid, sli htly sweet, warm .
Channels entered: Spleen and Stomach .
Functions : So tens hardness and dissipates Blood
stasis, vanquishes Toxicity and has anti-cancer
properties.
Indications : This drink can be used or all cancer
patients.
ZHI MU SU KONG YIN (QUICK-DISSOLVING
ANEMARFHENA POWDER)
Anemarrhena rhizome (Zhi Mu, Rhizoma Anemar-
rhenae Asphodeloidis), 30
Preparation : Soak the anemarrhena rhizome in
300ml o cold water or 30 minutes, then brin to
the boil and simmer or 20 minutes . Drain o the
liquid and set aside . Add another 300ml o water,
simmer or 20 minutes and drain ; repeat the proce-
dure a third time. Combine the three decoctions
and simmer down to a thick paste . Add 300 o
honey, mix, dry in the sun or in an oven at low
temperature, crush to a powder and ill into bottles,
10 each or later use . In use the contents o one
bottle in one cup o boiled water, three times a day.
Properties : Sweet, re reshin , cold, moistenin .
Channels entered : Spleen, Lun , Kidney, Heart,
and Stomach .
Functions : Drains Lun -Fire, enriches Kidney-
Water, cools Heart-Heat, supplements De iciency
 DIET THERAPY 371

ntion o due to ati ue, and moistens the Heart and Chicken or pork stock, 1000ml
astituents Lun s . Laver, 20
:ct and is Indications : Hi h ever due to mali nant tumors, Coriander, 10
r o the or adverse side-e ects rom radiotherapy and Salt, to taste
chemotherapy. Sesame oil, 5 drops
Preparation : Soak the laver in cold water and rinse .
IGALUS KU CAO YIN (PRUNELLA BEVERAGE) Peel and dice the carrot, add to the chicken or pork
stock and cook until so t. Add the laver, brin back
Prunella (Xia Ku Cao, Spica Prunellae Vul aris), 60 to the boil and cook or one minute . Then add the
Rock candy, 3 chopped coriander, season with salt and sesame oil,
:u Hedy- Preparation: Boil the prunella in 1000ml o water and serve .
or 20 minutes, then add the rock candy. Take a ter Properties: Neither reasy nor stron ly lavored ;
o water, meals, three cups a day. sli htly salty and ra rant.
es . Drain Properties : Bitter, acrid, warm . Functions : Disperses Phle m and trans orms
10 ml o Channels entered : Spleen and Stomach . Blood stasis, clears Heat and promotes urination,
minutes . Functions : Vanquishes Toxicity, dissipates tumors supplements the Heart and re ulates the Kidneys.
4-6 por- and has anti-cancer properties. Indications : Has a nourishin and re ulatin action
Indications: Assistant therapy or stomach cancer . in cancer patients with di iculties in di estion ; also
n. used or chronic bronchitis, primary hypertension
HE ZAO YIN (AGRIMONYAND DA I .L and hyperlipemia .
es Blood
BEVERAGE)
iti-cancer CHUN CAI JI TANG (CHICKEN SOUP WITH
A rimony (Xian He Cai, Herba A rimoniae Pilosae), WA"1 ER SHIELD)
ii cancer 15
Chinese dates (Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae), Water shield, 50-100
15 Chicken meat, 150
)LYING Preparation : Add the in redients to 300ml o Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao, Pericarpium
water, brin to the boil and simmer until the Zanthoxyli), 5
Chinese dates are cooked . Drink as a tea . Fresh in er, 10
Anemar- Scallion, 30
Properties: Sweet, ra rant, re reshin , cool.
Channels entered : Lun and Spleen . Chicken stock cube
zome in Fresh in er, 3
Functions : Vanquishes Toxicity, so tens hardness
brin to Vine ar, 1 teaspoon
i o the and has anti-cancer properties.
Indications : Ni ht sweatin in lun cancer ; can Salt, to taste
) water, Preparation: Blanch the water shield in boilin water
reduce or eliminate symptoms o Lun De iciency
ie proce- and rinse in cold water . Dice the chicken meat and
:coctions and stimulate the appetite.
place in 400m1 o water. Put the Chinese prickly ash
300 o and sliced in er in a condiment ball ° and add to
a at low SOUPS the pot with the scallion . Cook over a low heat until
bottles, the meat is tender. Remove the condiment ball and
o one SOUPS FOR TREATING CANCER AND scallion, add the water shield, brin back to the boil,
es a day. PROMOTING GENERAL HEALTH season with the chicken stock cube, inely chopped
rin . in er, vine ar and salt, and serve .
y, Heart, Properties : Sweet, salty, sour, warm .
HU LUO BO ZI CAI TANG (CARROT AND
LAVER SOUP) Channels entered : Spleen and Stomach .
Kidney- Functions : Water shield has anti-viral and
e iciency Carrot, 500 anti-cancer properties ; the chicken broth supplements
372 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
the Middle Burner, au ments Qi and inhibits
cancer.
Indications : This soup is suitable or all patients
with mali nant tumors .
BAI HE JI ZI HUANG TANG (LIT Y BUT.13
AND EGG YOLK SOUP)
Fresh lily bulb (Bai He, Bulbus T .ilii), 30
E yolk, 1
White su ar, 15
Preparation : Soak the lily bulb overni ht . Pour o
the water, add another 500m1 o cold water and boil
until cooked . Add the beaten e yolk and mix,
then add the white su ar. Drink the soup warm .
Properties : Warm and sweet.
Channels entered : Spleen, Stomach and Lun .
Functions : Moistens the Lun s, nourishes the
Heart, and has anti-cancer properties.
Indications : Palpitations and disquiet, and vomit-
in in patients with mali nant tumors .
ZING JIAO DOU FU JI ZHI TANG (WATER
CAIN KOP, BEAN CURD AND CHICKEN
BROTH)
Chicken carcass, pre erably uncooked
Water caltrop (Lin Jiao, Fructus Trapae), 100
Bean curd, 100
Chestnut, 20
Gin ko (Bai Guo, Semen Gink o Bilobae), 5 nuts
Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao, Pericarpium
Zanthoxyli), 10
Fresh in er, 10
Chicken stock cube
Salt, to taste
Sesame oil, 5 drops
Preparation : Put the prickly ash and sliced in er
in a condiment ball' and place in 500m1 o water
with the chicken carcass. Simmer or 30-40 minutes.
Peel and dice the water caltrop and cut the bean
curd into cubes . Remove the carcass and condiment
ball rom the stock and add the water caltrop, bean
curd, chestnut, and in ko ; cook until the water cal-
trop is so t. Finally, add the chicken stock cube, salt
and sesame oil to taste, and serve . Eat once a day.
Properties : Sweet, salty, warm .
Channels entered : Spleen, Stomach, Heart, and
Kidney.
Functions: Supports Vital Qi (Zhen Qi) and has
anti-cancer properties .
Indications : Use as a supplementin soup or can-
cer patients with constitutional De iciency and
cachexia .
MI HO U JU ZI FU RONG TANG (KIWI FRUIT,
TANGERINE AND EGG WHITE SOUP)
Kiwi ruit (Chinese ooseberry), 1
Tan erine, 1
E whites, 2
White su ar, 20
Preparation: Peel the tan erine, remove the pips
and break into se ments ; peel and slice the kiwi
ruit. Boil the tan erine se ments and kiwi ruit
slices in 300m1 o water until cooked . Then add the
e whites and stir until they coa ulate and the soup
thickens. Finally, add the su ar and serve.
Properties : Sweet and sour; neither reasy nor
stron ly lavored.
Functions : Generates Body Fluids and stops thirst,
orti ies the Stomach and disperses in lammation .
Indications : Poor appetite and indi estion in can-
cer patients ; and as a soup or orti yin the Stom-
ach in chronic illnesses .
MI TAO YIN ER TANG (HONEY PEACH
AND YELLOW JELLYFUNGUS SOUP)
Peaches, 200
Yellow jelly un us (Bai Mu Er, Tremella), 1 O
Rock candy, 10
Preparation : Soak and clean the yellow jelly un us,
cut into small pieces and boil in 300ml o water
until cooked . Peel the peaches, remove the stones
and slice ; add the slices to the liquid and cook until
so t . Thicken the soup, add the rock candy and serve .
Properties: Sweet, neither reasy nor stron ly la-
vored .
Functions : Moistens the Lun s and stops thirst,
orti ies the Stomach and has anti-cancer properties .
Indications : This soup is suitable or all cancer
patients .


DIET THERAPY 373

YU CHI GUIQI TANG (SHARK'S FIN, Preparation: Wash the meat and cut into cubes.
ANGELICA AND AS-1 RAGALUS SOUP) Put the meat, an elica, scallion, astra alus,
codonopsis, cookin wine and a condiment ball"
Shark's in, 50-100 containin the prickly ash, sliced in er and ennel
Chinese an elica root (Dan Gui, Radix An elicae seeds in 500m1 o water . Brin rapidly to the boil,
Sinensis), 30 then lower the heat and simmer until the meat is
Astra alus root (Huan Qi, Radix Astra ali seu He- thorou hly cooked. Remove the condiment ball and
dysari), 15 scallion, add the chicken stock cube and salt, and
Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao, Pericarpium serve .
Zanthoxyli), 5 Properties : Sweet, salty, acrid, warm, with a sli htly
Fresh in er, 10 bitter ra rance .
Chicken stock cube Functions : Supplements the Middle Burner and
Salt, to taste au ments Qi, supplements the body and inhibits
Sesame oil, 3 drops
cancer.
Preparation : Put the prickly ash and sliced in er
Indications : Qi and Blood De iciency, cachexia,
in a condiment ball" and place in 700m1 o water
with the shark's in, Chinese an elica root and as- ati ue and lack o stren th in patients with mali nant
tra alus . Brin to the boil and simmer or one hour tumors . This soup can also be eaten once a week or
until the shark's in is thorou hly cooked . Remove eneral health care .
the condiment ball, add the chicken stock cube, salt
and sesame oil, and serve . SOUPS FOR TREATING CANCER AND
Properties : Sweet, salty, re reshin , warm . SUPPLEMENTING THE BODY
Channels entered: Spleen, Stomach, Heart, and
The main purpose o supplementation is to en-
Liver.
hance the body's immune system and increase its
Functions : Supplements the body, invi orates
Yan and has anti-cancer properties. ability to resist diseases . These soups have three
Indications: Emaciation, a white acial complexion, eatures :
ati ue and lack o stren th in patients with mali - • they are tasty and re reshin , thus stimulatin
nant tumors and cachexia . the appetite
since most soups are based on a chicken or meat
stock, they are rich in proteins and nutrients
DANG GUI YANG ROU GENG (CHINESE • most o the other in redients are both ood and
ANGELICA AND MUTTON BROTH) materia medica
Stewin lamb or mutton, 500
Chinese an elica root (Dan Gui, Radix An elicae SAN XIAN JI ZHI TANG (CHICKEN BROTH
Sinensis), 25 WITH THREE DELICACIES)
Astra alus root (Huan Qi, Radix Astra ali seu He-
dysari), 25 Fresh chicken carcass
Codonopsis root (Dan Shen, Radix Codonopsitis Astra alus root (Huan Qi, Radix Astra ali seu He-
Pilosulae), 25 dysari), 20
Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao, Pericarpium Wol berry (GouQi Zi, Fructus Lycii), 1O
Zanthoxyli), 15 Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao, Pericarpium
Fresh in er, 10 Zanthoxyli), 5
Fennel seeds, 5 Scallion, 10
Scallion, 25 Fresh in er, 1 O
Cookin wine, 20m1 Fennel seeds, 5
Chicken stock cube Sea cucumber, 150
Salt, to taste Shelled shrimps, 50

374 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Shiitake mushrooms, 50
Coriander, 10
Table salt, to taste
Cornstarch, 1O
Preparation: Soak the prepared sea cucumber in
water or 30 minutes, rinse and cut into sections;
soak the mushrooms in warm water or 20 minutes .
Put the prickly ash, scallion, sliced in er, and en-
nel seeds in a condiment ball" and place in 1000ml
o water with the chicken carcass, astra alus and
wol berry. Brin to the boil and simmer until the
meat is thorou hly cooked . Strain o the stock
(which should be approximately 300ml) and add the
sea cucumber, shelled shrimps and shiitake mush-
rooms . Cook until so t and then add the coriander
and salt, thicken with the starch, and serve .
Properties : Re reshin ; neither reasy nor stron ly
lavored.
Functions : Sea cucumber has anti-cancer proper-
ties ; when combined with chicken broth, it en-
hances the immune system, supplements the Liver
and Spleen, au ments Kidney-Essence, nourishes
the Blood and moistens Dryness .
Indications: Has a supplementin and re ulatin
e ect in cancer patients with symptoms such as lack
o stren th due to prolon ed illness, emaciation,
verti o, tinnitus, achin in the lower back, insomnia,
spontaneous emission, constipation, cou h, arterio-
sclerosis, and hypertension .
REN SHEN LIAN ER TANG (GINSENG,
LOTUS SEED AND YELLOW JELLY FUN-
GUS SOUP)
Lotus seeds (Lian Zi, Semen Nelumbinis Nuci erae),
with the plumules removed, 20
Chinese dates (Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae), 6
Ginsen (Ken Shen, Radix Ginsen ), 5-10
Rock candy, 20
Yellow jelly un us (Bai Mu Er, Tremella), soaked in
water, 15
Preparation : Soak the jelly un us in warm water
or at least 30 minutes and drain . Cover the lotus
seeds, dates, rock candy, and jelly un us with 400m1
o water, brin to the boil and simmer or 1 hour .
In use the insen in the liquid . Eat the soup warm,
once a day . The insen can be chewed when so t .
Properties : Sweet, sli htly bitter, warm .
Channels entered: Spleen, Lun , Heart and Kidney .
Functions : Stren thens Yan , moistens the Lun s
and boosts the Liver, nourishes the Blood and sup-
plements the body, and has anti-cancer properties .
Indications : Qi De iciency, lack o appetite, ati ue,
and anemia as complications o mali nant tumors
and cachexia.
KEN SHEN HONG ZAO GUI YUAN TANG
(GINSENG, CHINESE DA -1h AND LONGAN
FRUIT SOUP)
Ginsen (Ren Shen, Radix Ginsen ), lO
Chinese dates (Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae), 20
Lon an ruit (Lon Yan Rou, Arillus Euphoriae
Lon anae), 7
Rock candy, 5
Preparation : Put the in redients into a lar e bowl,
add 50m1 o water and steam over a low heat or
one hour. Eat once a day.
Properties : Sweet, neutral, warm .
Channels entered: Spleen, Heart and Kidney .
Functions : Supplements the Middle Burner and
au ments Qi, nourishes the Heart and quiets the
Spirit.
Indications : Re ulates the body's immune unction,
supplements Blood De iciency due to cancer, and
has anti-cancer properties ; can also be used or
emaciation, a bri ht white acial complexion, palpi-
tations, pro use dreamin , and insomnia .
SUN GU HAI SHEN TANG (BAMBOO SHOOT,
MUSHROOM AND SEA CUCUMBER SOUP)
Fresh chicken carcass
Astra alus root (Huan Qi, Radix Astra ali seu He-
dysari), 20
Wol berry (Gou Qi Zi, Fructus Lycii), 1 O
Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao, Pericarpium
Zanthoxyli), 5
Scallion, 10
Fresh in er, 10
Fennel seeds, 5
Sea cucumber, 100
Shiitake mushrooms, 100
Bamboo shoots, 100

Coriander, 10
Cornstarch, 10
Salt and pepper, to taste
Preparation : Soak the prepared sea cucumber in
water or 30 minutes, rinse and cut into sections ;
soak the shiitake mushrooms in warm water or 20
minutes, squeeze out the water and cut into small
pieces; and rinse the bamboo shoots in cold water
and dice . Put the prickly ash, scallion, sliced in er,
and ennel seeds in a condiment ball" and place in
1000m] o water with the chicken carcass, astra alus
and wol berry. Brin to the boil and simmer until
the meat is thorou hly cooked . Strain o the stock
(which should be approximately 300m1) and use it
to cook the sea cucumber, mushrooms and bamboo
shoots until so t . Season with salt, pepper and cori-
ander; brin back to the boil and thicken with the
starch.
Properties: Salty, re reshin , ra rant, neither
reasy nor stron ly lavored .
Functions : Supplements the Kidneys and nour-
ishes the Liver, orti ies the Spleen and moistens
Dryness, nourishes the Blood and stren thens the
body, vanquishes Toxicity and inhibits cancer . Sea
cucumber, bamboo shoots and shiitake mushroom
enhance the immune system to help the body i ht
a ainst cancer.
Indications : Weak constitution, emaciation, anemia,
shortness o breath, wheezin , cou h, constipation,
verti o, and tinnitus in cancer patients ; and treat-
ment o primary hypertension and arteriosclerosis.
HUANG YU SHEN GENG (YELLOW
CROAKER AND SEA CUCUMBER BROTH)
Yellow croaker, 120
Sea cucumber, 50
Salt, '/2 teaspoon and to taste
Ve etable oil, 30m1
Pepper, l0
Garlic, IO
E , 1
Ham, 20
Water chestnut starch, 10
Cookin wine, 10m1
Scallion, IO
Preparation : Cut the yellow croaker into thin slices .
DIET THERAPY 375
Soak the prepared sea cucumber in water or 30
minutes, rinse and cut into thin slices . Chop the ar-
lic and dice the ham. Heat the ve etable oil in a wok,
brie ly stir- ry the salt, hal o the pepper and the
arlic, ollowed by the ish and sea cucumber . Add
the cookin wine, the rest o the pepper, the ham
and 500m1 o water . Stew or 10 minutes until the
sea cucumber and yellow croaker are thorou hly
cooked . Beat the e and mix with the water chest-
nut starch and a little water . Pour slowly into the
stew, stirrin all the time. Sprinkle the chopped scal-
lion over the top, adjust the seasonin and serve .
Properties : Sweet, salty, warm, re reshin .
Channels entered : Spleen, Stomach, Kidney, and
Heart.
Functions : Supplements the Middle Burner and
au ments Qi, supplements the Kidneys and replen-
ishes the Essence, orti ies the Spleen, vanquishes
Toxicity and has anti-cancer properties .
Indications: Can be used as an enrichin and sup-
plementin ood to build up the stren th o cancer
patients ; and in the treatment o debility, achin in
the lower back, limpness in the le s, back pain, dis-
turbance o the unctionin o the astrointestinal
tract, indi estion, nephrotic syndrome, and
cerebrovascular diseases .
YANG ROU LUO BO TANG (MUTTON AND
RADISH SOUP)
Stewin lamb or mutton, 250
Radish, 100
Carrot, 100
White radish (mooli), 100
Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao, Pericarpium
Zanthoxyli), 5
Fresh in er, 10
Scallion, 10
Fennel seeds, 5
Cookin wine, 30ml
Coriander, 1O
Salt, to taste
Preparation: Put the prickly ash, scallion, sliced
in er, and ennel seeds in a condiment ball.li Cut
the meat into cubes, add them to 100ml o water,
brin to the boil, then discard the water . Put the
meat, condiment ball and cookin wine in 500m1 o
376 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
water in a pressure cooker and cook or 20 minutes ;
then add the radish, carrot and white radish and
simmer or 20 minutes .' Remove the condiment ball,
season with salt and coriander, and serve.
Properties : Sli htly sweet, salty, warm .
Functions : Supplements the A - iddle Burner and
au ments Qi, loosens the chest and increases the
appetite, vanquishes Toxicity and has anti-cancer
properties .
Indications : Since the meat and ve etables in this
soup supplement De icienc\; stren then the body
and enhance the immune system, it is indicated or
emaciation, ati ue and poor appetite in cancer
patients, and or chronic bronchitis .
SHAH IAO SHUANG F TANG (CHINESE
IAM, GOOSE BLOOD AND GOOSE FT .FSH
SOUP)
Goose blood, 100m1
Goose meat, diced, 50
Chinese yam (Sban )Rio, Rhizoma Dioscoreae Op-
positae), 3O
Glehnia or adenophora root (S/ia Sben, Radix
Glehniae seu Adenophorae), 15
Solomon's seal rhizome (1'/, , Zhu, Rhizoma Polr o-
nat Odorati), 15
Chinese prickly ash (Hita Jiao, Pericarpium
Zanthoxvli), 5
Bamboo shoots, sliced, 20 ,
Scallion white, 20
Cookin wine, 20m1
Chicken stock cube
Salt, to taste
Sesame oil, 2-3 drops
Preparation : Put the prickly ash and sliced bamboo
shoots in a condiment ball ." Add the oose blood
and oose meat, Chinese vain alehnia/adenophora,
Solomon's seal rhizome, cookin wine, and scallion
white to 500m1 o water with the condiment ball .
Brin to the boil and simmer until thorou hly
cooked . Remove the condiment ball and scallion
white, season with the chicken stock cube, salt and
sesame oil, and serve . Eat once every two days .
Properties : Salts; neutral, re reshin , neither reasy
nor stron ly lavored .
Channels entered: Spleen, Stomach, Lun , and .Heart.
Functions : Moistens Dryness and clears the Lun s,
supplements the Middle Burner and au ments Qi,
dispels Toxicity and has anti-cancer properties.
Indications : De iciency patterns, drv throat, lack
o stren th, reduced ood intake, poor appetite, and
shortness o breath in cancer patients .
JI ZHI BAO IU TANG (CHICKEN BROTH
111TH ABALONE)
Fresh chicken carcass
Astra alus root (Hztali Qi, Radix Astra ali seu He-
dysari), 20
Wol berry (Gory Qi Zi, Fructus Lycii), 1 O
Chinese prickly ash (Htta Jiao, Pericarpium
Zanthoxyli), 5
Scallion, lO
Fresh in er, IO
Fennel seeds, 5
Abalone, 100
Fresh mushroom, 100
Coriander, IO
Salt and pepper, to taste
Preparation : Cut the mushrooms into cubes. Put the
prickly ash, scallion, sliced in er, and ennel seeds
in a condiment ball" and place in 1000ml o water
with the chicken carcass, astra alus and wol berrv .
Brin to the boil and simmer until the meat is
thorou hly cooked . Strain o the stock (which
should be approximately 500ml) . Remove the en-
trails rom the abalone, wash and slice, and place in
a pot with the chicken stock and the resh mush-
rooms ; cover the pot and simmer until cooked .
Season with salt, pepper and coriander .
Properties : Sweet, salt neutral, warm, neither
reasy nor stron ly lavored .
Functions : Supplements and au ments Qi and
Blood . stren thens the body and has anti-cancer
properties .
Indications: Suitable ' or all tees o cancer patients,
especially those with a weak constitution, emacia-
tion, anemia, and lack o stren th . It is also e ective
or middle-a ed or elderly persons with a weak
constitution or premature a in .
 DIET THERAPY 377

he Lun s, LING LIAN GUO TANG (WA I ER CALL KOP, Properties : Sweet and warm.
nents Qi, LOTUS SEED AND FRUIT SOUP) Channels entered : Spleen, Stomach and Heart.
ties. Functions : Has a supplementin unction when
Water caltrop (Zin Jiao, Fructus Trapae), 2 taken over a lon period .
roat, lack Lotus seeds (Lien Zi, Semen Nelumbinis Nuci erae), 20
-etite, and Indications : Poor memory, insomnia, disquiet, and
Peach, 1 a bland taste in the mouth in cancer patients .
Tan erine, 1
Apple, 1
ZHI MU JI GENG (ANEMARRHENA AND
BROTH Red and reen crabapples, 2 each
EGG BROTH)
Lotus root starch (or cornstarch), 10
Rock candy, 10 Anemarrhena rhizome (Zhi Mu, Rhizoma Anemar-
Preparation: Peel the shell and outer skin rom the rhenae Asphodeloidis), 15-30
seu He- water caltrop, dice and place in 1000ml o water E s, 2
with the lotus seeds . Simmer over a very low heat Salt, to taste
until thorou hly cooked . Remove the stone rom Sesame oil, 2-3 drops
icarpium the peach and dice the lesh; peel the tan erine, re- Preparation : Add the anemarrhena rhizome to
move the pips and separate the se ments ; peel the 150m1 o water, brin to the boil and simmer or
apple, remove the pips and dice the lesh. Add the one hour. Strain o the liquid and discard the resi-
ruit and cook until so t. Then add the crabapples, due. Beat the e s and add to the decoction ; season
cut into our se ments each, and the rock candy . with salt . Place in a steamer and steam until set,
Thicken with the starch and serve . dribble the sesame oil over the soup and serve .
Properties: Sweet, bland, re reshin . Properties : Sweet, salty, warm.
Functions : Nourishes the Spleen and harmonizes Functions : Supplements the Blood and stren th-
the Stomach, supplements the Heart and au ments ens Yan , relieves Toxicity and has anti-cancer
Qi; water caltrop, peach and lotus seed have properties .
Put the anti-cancer properties . Indications : Erythropenia and leukopenia due to
1el seeds Indications : Emaciation and no desire to eat in mali nant tumors or caused by radiotherapy or
o water cancer patients. Since. this soup supplements nutri- chemotherapy. Lon -term use can directly inhibit
'ol berry. tional de iciency and re ulates the unctions o the cancers and prevent the ormation o tumors in the
meat is Stomach and Intestines, it is also used or a weak di estive system .
(which constitution and ra ile stomach a ter hi h ever,
the en- sur ery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. GUI HUA LIAN ZI TANG (OSMANTHUS
place in FLOWER AND LOTUS SEED SOUP)
h mush- XIN PI SHUANG BU TANG (SOUP FOR
Lotus seeds (Lian Zi, Semen Nelumbinis
cooked . SUPPLEMENTING THE HEARTAND
Nuci erae), 60
SPT .FEN) Preserved osmanthus lower, 3
neither Lon an ruit (Lon Yan Rou, Arillus Euphoriae Candied ruit (red and reen), 5
Lon anae), 15 Rock candy (use special sweetener or diabetic pa-
Qi and Lotus seeds (Lian Zi, Semen Nelumbinis Nuci erae), tients), 10
ti-cancer with the plumules removed, 15 Preparation : Soak the lotus seeds in boiled water
Chinese dates (Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae), 15 or one hour, then peel and remove the plumule.
patients, Honey, 10-30m1 Add 500n- l o water and cook over a low heat or
emacia- Preparation: Put the lon an ruit, lotus seeds and two hours until very so t . Add the rock candy and
e ective dates in 400m1 o water and simmer until the dissolve ; sprinkle the preserved osmanthus lower
in redients are thorou hly cooked . Add the honey and diced candied ruit over the soup as decoration,
a weak and serve.
and serve .
Properties : Sweet, bland, neutral, warm, re reshin .
Functions : Warms the Middle Burner and nour-
ishes the Spleen, warms the Stomach and alleviates
pain .
Indications : Used or supplementation or cancer
patients with pain in the stomach, emaciation, aver-
sion to cold, palpitations, shortness o breath, and
anemia ; also used or astric ulcers due to De iciency-
Cold.
HUANG HUA E JIAO DAN TANG (DA I" LILY,
DONKEY-HIDE GELATIN AND EGG YOLK
SOUP)
Day lily, 20
Fresh white peony (Bai Shao, Radix Paeoniae Lacti-
lorae), 10
Chinese dates (Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae), 15
Donkey-hide elatin (E Jiao, Gelatinum Corii
Asini), 20
E yolks, 2
Cucumber, sliced, 50
Chicken stock cube
Salt and pepper, to taste
Sesame oil, 2-3 drops
Preparation: Soak the day lily in warm water or 20
minutes, then add with the white peony and Chi-
nese dates to 400ml o water and boil down to
200m1 . Strain o the liquid and add the donkey-
hide elatin, e yolks and sliced cucumber . When
the elatin has melted and the e s set, add the
chicken stock cube, salt, pepper and sesame oil, and
serve .
Properties : Salty; neutral, bland .
Functions : Supplements Qi and nourishes the
Spleen, enerates Blood and moistens Dryness .
Indications : De iciency patterns, anemia, ati ue,
and lack o stren th in middle-a ed and elderly
persons ; or supplementin and stren thenin the
body to treat anemia, ati ue and lack o stren th in
cancer patients ; and as supportin treatment or pa-
tients under oin sur ery; radiotherapy or chemo-
therapy.
JI ZHI SET MI GENG (CHICKEN STOCK AND
SUjEET CORN BROTH)
Small chicken carcass
Astra alus root (Huan Oi, Radix Astra ali seu He-
dysari), 30
Wol berry (Goal Oi 7_i, Fructus Lycii), 20
Sweet corn, resh or canned, 500
E s, 1-2
Salt, to taste
Preparation : Make a chicken stock by placin the
chicken carcass, astra alus and wol berry in 1000ml
o water and boilin down to 200-300m1 o liquid .
Strain o the stock, add the sweet corn and boil
until it is very so t . Add 1-2 beaten e s, brin back
to the boil, add salt to taste, and serve .
Properties : Acrid, sli htly salty, neither reasy nor
stron ly lavored .
Functions : Supplements Qi and stren thens the
body; orti ies the Spleen and increases the appetite .
Indications : Can be used re ularly as a supple-
mentin and nourishin soup or cancer patients
with emaciation, anemia, De iciency patterns and
lack o stren th ; and to supplement and enrich the
body and stren then Kidney Qi in elderly and de-
bilitated persons by slowin down the a in process.
XI GUA NIU PAI TANG (I ATERMELON
AND BEEFSTEAK SOUP)
Bee steak (entrecote), 150
Watermelon pith, 150
Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao, Pericarpium
Zanthoxyli), 5
Fresh in er, 10
Fennel seeds, 5
Scallion, 20
Coriander, 10
Bee stock cube
Soil sauce
Sesame oil, 2-3 drops
Salt, to taste
Preparation : Cut the steak into cubes, cover with
300m1 o water, brin to the boil and simmer or
one hour. Put the prickly ash, scallion, sliced in er,
and ennel seeds in a condiment ball' and add to the
pot with the watermelon pith (a ter the outer reen
layer has been removed) . Simmer or another 20
minutes . Take out the condiment ball, season with
the bee stock cube, soy sauce, sesame oil, and
coriander. Brin back to the boil and serve .
 DIET THERAPY 379

i seu He- Properties : Sweet, salty, warm. QI QI TAO KEN TANG (AS1 KAGALUS,
Channels entered : Spleen, Stomach and Heart . WOLFBERRY, WALNUT AND PEANUT
Functions : Supports Vital Qi (Zhen Qi) and SOUP)
stren thens Yan , bene its the movement o water Astra alus root (Huan Qi, Radix Astra ali seu He-
and moistens Dryness. dysari), 30
Indications : Generally, or the prevention and Wol berry (GouQi Zi, Fructus Lycii), 20
acin the treatment o cancers ; also or nasopharyn eal can- Walnuts, 30
n 1000ml cer and or ulceration due to radiation therapy. Peanuts, 20
o liquid . Chicken stock cube
and boil Sesame oil, 2-3 drops
rin back MATERIA MEDICA-BASED SOUPS FOR
TREATING CANCER Rock candy, 20 (optional)
Salt, to taste
reasy nor Preparation : Put the astra alus and wol berry in
HUANG JING JU GUO TANG (SIBERIAN 800m1 o water, brin to the boil and simmer down
hens the SOLOMON'S SEAL RHIZOME, TANGERINE to 400m1 . Strain o the liquid . Add the walnuts and
appetite. AND APPT .F, SOUP) peanuts to the strained decoction and simmer until
t supple- so t. Add the chicken stock cube, salt, sesame oil,
patients Siberian Solomon's seal rhizome (Huan Jin , Rhi- and rock candy (optional), and serve.
erns and zoma Poly onati), 60 Properties: Without the rock candy, sli htly salty,
:nrich the Ophiopo on root (Mai Men Don , Radix Ophiopo- bland, neutral, warm; with the rock candy, sweet,
T and de- onis Japonici), 30 neutral, warm.
process . Licorice root (Gan Cao, Radix Glycyrrhizae), 15 Functions: Supplements the Middle Burner and
Tan erine, 1 au ments Qi, nourishes the Blood and orti ies the
MELON Peach, 1 Spleen, enriches the Kidneys and stren thens Yan .
Apple, 1 Indications: Emaciation, anemia, lack o stren th,
Rock candy, 20 and ati ue in various cancers ; exhaustion patterns
in cancer and non-cancer patients .
Lotus root starch (or corn starch), lO
Candied ruit (red and reen), 5
icarpium BU GU ZHI ZHU ROU TANG (PSORALEA
Preparation : Put the Siberian Solomon's seal rhi-
zome, ophiopo on root and licorice root in 1000ml FRUIT AND PORK SOUP)
o water, brin to the boil and simmer down to Cornelian cherry ruit (Shan Zhu Yu, Fructus Corni
500m1 . Strain o the liquid . Peel the tan erine, O icinalis), 20
peach and apple, remove the stone or pips, cut the Anemarrhena (Zhi Mu, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
lesh into cubes and add to the strained decoction . Asphodeloidis), 20
Cook until the ruit is so t. Add the starch, rock Psoralea ruit (Bu Gu Zhi, Fructus Psoraleae Coryli-
candy and diced candied ruit, and serve . oliae), 20
Properties: Sweet, bland, warm . Lean pork, 50-100
)ver with Functions : The trace minerals contained in Sibe- Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao, Pericarpium
nmer or Zanthoxyli), 5
rian Solomon's seal rhizome, licorice root and peach
Star anise, 5
:d in er, nourish the Stomach, orti y the Spleen, supplement Fennel seeds, 5
dd to the Qi and moisten the Lun s. Fresh in er, 10
.ter reen Indications : De iciency cou hin and wheezin in Scallion, l0
.other 20 cancer patients ; also has a re ulatin unction or Cookin wine, 1 Oml
.son with poor appetite with reduced ood intake, indi estion, Salt, to taste
oil, and cou h with phle m, and low- rade ever . Coriander, 10
380 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Preparation: Put the Cornelian cherry, anemar-
rhena and psoralea in 800m1 o water, brin to the
boil and simmer down to 400m1 . Strain o the
liquid . Cut the lean pork into broad bean-sized
cubes, and put them in the strained decoction with
the scallion, cookin wine and a condiment ball"
containin the prickly ash, star anise, ennel seeds,
and sliced in er. Cook over a low heat until the
pork is tender. Remove the condiment ball and scallion .
Add the salt, coriander and some chopped resh
scallion (or sprin onion), and serve .
Properties : Salty, bland, neutral, warm .
Functions : Supplements the Middle Burner and
au ments Qi, nourishes the Liver and enriches the
Kidneys.
Indications : Supplements nutrition in cancer pa-
tients with cachexia . This soup can also be used to
treat nephritis, limpness and achin in the lower
back and knees, lack o stren th, and emaciation .
JU HUA ZHU GAN TANG (CHRYSANTHE-
MUMAND PIG'S LIVER SOUP)
Codonopsis root (ban Shen, Radix Codonopsitis
Pilosulae), 30
Astra alus root (Huan Qi, Radix Astra ali seu He-
dysari), 30
Chrysanthemum lower (Ju Hua, Flos Chrysanthemi
Mori olii), 15
Pi 's liver, 100
Cookin wine, 1 Oml
Su ar, l0
Fresh' in er, 10
Scallion, 1O
Chinese prickly ash Hua Jiao, Pericarpium
Zanthoxyli), 5
Star anise, 5
Coriander, 15
Salt, to taste
Preparation : Put the codonopsis and astra alus in
800ml o water, brin to the boil and simmer down
to 400ml . Cut the liver into small cubes and add
them to the decoction with the cookin wine, su ar,
shredded in er, scallion, and a condiment ball"
containin the prickly ash and star anise; simmer
until thorou hly cooked . Remove the condiment
ball and scallion, add the chrysanthemum and boil
or 4-5 minutes. Then add salt and coriander to
taste, and serve .
Properties: Salty, bland, neutral, warm .
Functions : Nourishes the Liver and bri htens the
eyes, supplements,the Middle Burner and au ments
Qi. Codonopsis root and astra alus root have
anti-cancer properties ; cookin pi 's liver and chry-
santhemum in their decoction helps to protect the
Liver.
Indications: Anemia in De iciency patterns o
cancer; headache, dizziness and blurred vision in
patients with hypertension or diabetes.
YIN YANG HUO MIAN TANG (EPIMEDIUM
NOODI .F SOUP)
Epimedium (Yin Yan Huo, Herba Epimedii), 15
Lon an ruit (Lon Yan Rou, Arillus Euphoriae
Lon anae), 15
Chinese yam (Shan Yao, Rhizoma Dioscoreae Op-
positae), 20
Thin noodles, 50-100 (dependin on appetite)
Spinach, 50
Chicken stock cube
Soy sauce, 1 teaspoon
Coriander, 10
Sesame oil, 5 drops
Preparation : Decoct the epimedium in 300m] o
water or 30 minutes. Strain o the liquid and dis-
card the residue . Peel the Chinese yam, cut into
cubes, add 100 ml o water and boil down until
there is a paste . Put the'lon an ruit in another pot
with 500m1 o water and brin to the boil . Add the
noodles, the epimedium decoction, the Chinese yam
paste and the spinach . Brin to the boil, add the
chicken stock cube, soy sauce, coriander and sesame
oil, and serve .
Properties : Salty and warm.
Channels entered: Spleen, Stomach, Lun , and
Heart .
Functions : Supplements the Middle .; Burner and
au ments Qi, quiets the Spirit and nourishes the
Blood, has anti-cancer properties and sa e uards
eneral health.
Indications : Convalescent sta e or patients with
brain tumors, since the soup activates the unction
 DIET THERAPY 381

of the brain cells ; anemia and reduced appetite due Spiny jujube seed (Suan Zao Ben, Semen Ziziphi
to radiotherapy and chemotherapy or other causes . Spinosae), 30g
Day lily, 30g
WU HUA GUO PAI GU TANG (FIG AND Chrysanthemum flower (Ju Hua, Flos Chrysanthemi
SPARERIBS SOUP) Morifolii), 30g
White pepper, IOg
Fresh figs, 2 Salt, to taste
Spareribs, 500g Sesame oil, 2 drops
Wolfberry (GouQi Zi, Fructus Lycii), 20g Preparation : Put the chicken carcass in a large pot,
Scallion, 20g cover with 1500ml of water, add the codonopsis
.tterns of Tangerine peel (Chen Pi, Pericarpium Citri Reticu- and spiny jujube, bring to the boil and simmer for
vision in latae), 10g about one hour to make approximately 400m1 of
Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao, Pericarpium chicken stock. Add the day lily and simmer for
Zanthoxyli), 10g another 20 minutes . Then add the chrysanthemum
Fresh ginger, 10g and boil for 1 minute . Add the salt, white pepper
vIEDIUM and sesame oil, and serve .
Spinach, 15g
Egg, 1 Properties : Salty, bland, neutral, warm .
ii), 15g Salt, to taste Functions : Codonopsis root and spiny jujube seed
iuphoriae Preparation: Wash the figs and cut into small cubes. nourish the Heart ; white pepper assists sleep ; day
Put the prickly ash, sliced ginger and tangerine peel lily, codonopsis root and chrysanthemum brighten
)reae Op- in a condiment ball ." Scald the spareribs in water the eyes and have anti-cancer properties.
that is just below boiling point . Add the figs, the Indications : Insomnia, dizziness, and for strength-
_tite) condiment ball, the spareribs, wolfberry, and scal- ening the body.
lion to 500m1 of water and boil for 20 minutes .
Turn the heat down and simmer until the spareribs HUANG QI HOU TOU TANG (ASTRAGALUS
are thoroughly cooked . Season with salt and serve . AND HEDGEHOG HYDNUM SOUP)
Take out the spareribs and add the spinach and
cook until shrunk, then add the beaten egg to the Young chicken, 1
300m1 of soup and cook until set. Eat the spareribs with the Cooking wine, 1 Oml
and dis- soup. Astragalus root (Huang Qi, Radix Astragali seu He-
cut into Properties: Salty and warm . dysari), 30g
)wn until Channels entered: Spleen, Stomach and Heart . Hedgehog hydnum (or another species of dark
ether pot Functions : Supplements the Middle Burner and mushroom), 30g
Add the augments Qi, bears Fire downward and relieves Chinese leaf, 50g
nese yam Toxicity, nourishes the Heart and quiets the Spirit ; Scallion, 25g
add the also supplements proteins . Chinese prickly ash Hua Jiao, Pericarpium
d sesame Indications : Cancer patients with emotional de- Zanthoxyli),10g
pression, stress and anxiety or those heading toward Fresh ginger, 15g
a nervous breakdown . Chicken stock cube
zng, and Sesame oil, 5 drops
JIN ZHEN GU JU HUA JI ZHI TANG Salt, to taste
rner and (CHICKEN SOUP WNH DAY LILY AND White pepper powder, to taste
.shes the CHRYSANTHEMUM) reparation : Chop a young chicken into pieces and
tfeguards soak in the cooking wine for 10 minutes . ut the
Chicken carcass, preferably uncooked pieces into 1000 ml of water with the astragalus,
nts with Codonopsis root (Dang Shen, Radix Codonopsitis scallion and a condiment ball" containing the prickly
function Pilosulae), 30g ash and sliced ginger . Bring quickly to the boil, then
382 MA AGEME T F CA CER
simmer until the meat is cooked . Add the sliced
hedgehog hydnum and cook until the chicken meat
is so tender that it disintegrates. Then add the Chi-
nese leaf and bring back to the boil . Remove the
condiment ball and scallion, season with the chicken
stock cube, salt, white pepper powder and sesame
oil, and serve.
roperties : Salty, bland, neutral, warm .
Functions : Fortifies the Spleen and nourishes the
Stomach, supplements the Middle Burner and has
anti-cancer properties .
Indications : leural effusion and ascites due to
malignant tumors, and to restore riginal Qi (Yuan
Qi) in cancer patients with cachexia .
HUA G SU R U SI TA G (AIR TAT ,
BAMB SH T A D SHREDDED MEAT
S U)
Air potato (Huang Yao Zi, Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Bulbiferae), 15g
Lean pork, 200g
Corn starch, 15g
Bamboo shoots, 300g
Dried small shrimps, 15g
eanut oil, 10ml
Celery, 100g
Scallion, 50g
Salt, to taste
reparation: Decoct the air potato in 100ml of
water over a low heat for 30 minutes . Drain off the
liquid and discard the residue . Cut the pork into
shreds and coat with cornstarch mixed with water.
Add to the strained decoction with the shredded
bamboo shoots, dried shrimps and peanut oil, pour
in another 250ml of water and cook until very ten-
der. Then add the celery and chopped scallion, cook
for another 5 minutes, season with salt, and serve .
This soup is also very tasty when used to cook
noodles, when it is known as Lu Sun Rou Si Mian
(Bamboo Shoot and Shredded Meat oodles) .
roperties : Salty, cool .
Channels entered : Spleen and Stomach .
Functions : Relieves Toxicity, cools the Blood, and
inhibits cancer Toxins .
Indications : Stomach cancer and other malignant
tumors in the digestive tract, hemorrhage of the
digestive tract, and cancer patients manifesting with
Heat signs.
HU TA DU ZH G TA G (WAL UT A D
E UC MMIA BARK S U )
Eucommia bark (Du Zhong, Cortex Eucommiae
Ulmoidis), processed with ginger juice, 50g
soralea fruit (Bu Gu Zhi, Fructus soraleae Coryli-
foliae), processed with wine, 25g
Bupleurum root (Chai Hu, Radix Bupleuri), 20g
Garlic, 50g
Walnuts, 50g
Rice vinegar, 20 ml
Sesame oil, 2-3 drops
Salt, to taste
reparation : ut the eucommia bark, psoralea,
bupleurum and garlic in a pot with 800m1 of water,
bring to the boil and simmer until the liquid is
reduced to 400ml . Strain off the liquid . Add the
walnuts to the strained decoction and cook until soft .
Season with salt, sesame oil and vinegar, and serve .
roperties : Salty, sour, neutral .
Functions : Boosts the Kidneys and supplements
the Marrow, nourishes the Heart and improves the
complexion, strengthens the bones and invigorates
the Blood .
Indications : bvious signs of Kidney depletion or
Deficiency in cancer patients such as excruciating
pain in the lower back (as if had been broken or a
heavy weight was attached), limpness and aching in
the lower back and knees, lack of strength, and
fatigue ; can also be used as a tonic for the elderly .
QI ZA DA HUA TA G (W LFBERRY,
CHI ESE DATE A D EGG S U )
Siberian Solomon's seal rhizome (Huang Jing, Rhi-
zoma olygonati), 30g
Wolfberry (GouQi Zi, Fructus Lycii), 30g
Chinese dates (Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae), 15g
Eggs, 2
Salt, to taste
White pepper powder, to taste
Sesame oil, 2-3 drops
reparation : ut the Siberian Solomon's seal
 DIET THERA Y 383

ting with rhizome and wolfberry in a pot with 500m1 of water, roperties : Salty, sour, neutral, warm, neither
bring to the boil and simmer down until the liquid is greasy nor strongly flavored .
reduced to 250m1 . Strain off the liquid. Add the Functions : Fortifies the Spleen and strengthens
IT A D dates to the strained decoction and cook until soft . Yang, supplements the Middle Burner and aug-
Then pour in the beaten eggs, season with salt, ments Qi .
white pepper powder and sesame oil, and serve . Indications : All types of Deficiency patterns mani-
:ommiae roperties : Sweet, salty, bland, refreshing . festing as indigestion, poor appetite, fatigue, and
Functions : Supplements the Essence and Qi, forti- lack of strength, including those caused by cachexia
e Coryli- fies the Spleen and Stomach, reinforces Kidney Qi . in cancer patients.
Indications : All illnesses due to Kidney or Spleen
20g Deficiency, including anemia, debility, reduced HAI ZHE BI SHE TA G (JELLYFISH,
appetite and emaciation in cancer patients . Since WA'TR CHEST UTA D C D SIS S U )
this soup increases the amount of proteins digested,
it enhances the body's ability to resist disease . Codonopsis root (Dang Shen, Radix Codonopsitis
ilosulae), 60g
jellyfish, 20g
SHA YA JI ZHI TA G (CHI ESE YAM
)soralea, Kelp (Hai Dai, Laminaria Japonica), 20g
A D CHICKE BR TH)
)f water, Water chestnuts, 100g
liquid is Chicken carcass, preferably uncooked Chicken stock cube
Add the Siberian Solomon's seal rhizome (Huang Jing, Rhi- Salt, to taste
mtil soft. zoma olygonati), 30g Coriander, 10g
serve. Codonopsis root (Dang Shen, Radix Codonopsitis Sesame oil, 2-3 drops
ilosulae), 30g reparation: Decoct the codonopsis in 500m1 of
dements Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao, ericarpium water over a low heat for 30 minutes . Drain off the
oves the Zanthoxyli), 5g liquid . Soak the jellyfish and kelp in water, then
rigorates Scallion, I g clean, dry and cut into shreds. Add the jellyfish, kelp
Fresh ginger, 10g and shredded water chestnuts to the strained decoc-
Fennel seeds, 5g tion and cook thoroughly. Season with the chicken
letion or
Chinese yam (Shan Yao, Rhizoma Dioscoreae p- stock cube, salt, coriander, and sesame oil, and serve
ruciating
positae), 60g with rice or bread.
ken or a roperties: Salty, bland, slightly cool .
Rice vinegar, 10ml
.ching in Coriander, 10g Functions: Clears Heat and moistens the Lungs,
,th, and
Chicken stock cube transforms phlegm and stops coughing, moistens
[derly. Spring onion, 5g the Intestines, vanquishes Toxicity, dissipates lumps,
Salt, to taste and has anti-cancer properties.
BERRY, Sesame oil, 2-3 drops Indications : Transforms hlegm, stops coughing
reparation: ut the prickly ash, scallion, sliced and relieves symptoms in lung cancer, chronic
ginger, and fennel seeds in a condiment ball" and bronchitis and pneumonia ; can also be used to pre-
ing, Rhi-
place in 800m1 of water with the Siberian Solomon's vent and treat constipation, hypertension and
seal rhizome and codonopsis root. Bring to the boil hyperlipemia in cancer patients .
and simmer until the meat is thoroughly cooked and
re),15g there is about 400m1 of stock remaining. Strain off CHUR XI G GE LI TA G (SICHUA
the stock and add the Chinese yam, peeled and cut L VA GE A D CLAM S U )
into small squares; cook for about 30 minutes until
soft. Season the broth with the chicken stock cube, Sichuan lovage rhizome (Chuan Xiong, Rhizoma
salt, vinegar, coriander, spring onion, and sesame oil, Ligustici Chuanxiong), 10g
n's seal and serve. Clam, soaked in salted water, 100g
384 MA AGEME T F CA CER

Carrot, 1 the tangerine peel, scallion and condiment ball, sea-

otato, 1
Curry powder, 10g
Salt, to taste
reparation: Decoct the Sichuan lovage in 300m1
of water over a low heat for 30 minutes . Strain off
the liquid and discard the residue. eel and dice the
carrot and potato, add to the decoction and cook
until soft . Then add the clam flesh and bring quickly
to the boil. nce it has boiled, season with curry
powder and salt, and serve .
roperties : Salty, sweet, warm .
Channels entered : Spleen, Stomach and Liver .
Functions : Supplements the Blood and has
anti-cancer properties.
Indications : Anemia in patients with malignant
tumors .
YU ZHU ER D G TA G (S L M 'S
SEAL, LUCID AS ARAGUS A D HI -
G S U)
Lucid asparagus root (Tian Men Dong, Radix Aspar-
agi Cochinchinensis), 30g
phiopogon root (Mai Men Dong, Radix phiopo-
gonis Japonici), 30g
Sichuan fritillary bulb (Chuan Bei Mu, Bulbus Fritil-
lariae Cirrhosae), 40g
Tangerine peel (Chen i, ericarpium Cirri Reticu-
latae), 10g
Solomon's seal rhizome (Yu Zhu, Rhizoma olygo-
nati dorati), 10g
Lean pork, 100g
Scallion, log
Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao, ericarpium
Zanthoxyli), 10g
Star anise, 5g
Fresh ginger (sliced) 1 g
Salt, to taste
reparation : ut the asparagus root, ophiopogon
root and fritillary bulb in a pot with 800ml of water,
bring to the boil and simmer the liquid down to
400m1 . Strain off the liquid . Add the diced lean pork,
scallion, tangerine peel, sliced Solomon's seal rhizome,
and a condiment ball" containing the prickly ash, star
anise and fresh ginger to the strained decoction .
When the ingredients are thoroughly cooked, remove
son with salt and serve .
roperties : Salt 1 slightly acrid, bland, refreshing .
Functions : Moistens the Lungs, nourishes the
Stomach, benefits the throat and stops coughing .
Indications : Fatigue, lack of strength, tidal fever
and dry mouth and throat due to Deficiency of
Lung and Stomach Yin in cancer patients, where
these symptoms are not too severe ; dry and sore
throat during or after radiotherapy.
YI EK ZA GU TA G (ELL W/JE T .T .Y
FU GUS A D FRUIT MEDVFY S U )
Yellow jelly fungus (Bai Mu Er, Tremella), 40g
Rock candy, 20g
Apple, 20g
Kiwi fruit, 20g
ear, 20g
Watermelon, 20g
reparation : Soak the jelly fungus in water over-
night, then rinse it and cook in 400m1 of water over
a low heat until it is very soft . Add the rock candy
and the peeled and diced apples, kiwi fruit, pears,
and water melon, and bring back to the boil . Serve
when the soup has cooled down, preferably at the
end of a meal.
roperties : Sweet, sour, neutral tending toward
cool, refreshing.
Channels entered : Spleen, Stomach and Lung .
Functions : Supplements and boosts the Spleen and
Stomach and relieves Toxicity to inhibit cancer .
Indications : Weakened constitution, reduced food
intake, and radiation esophagitis and stomatitis
when radiotherapy is applied at the head, neck,
esophagus and stomach ; since this soup promotes
the absorption of nutrients, it can be used generally
for the side-effects of radiation therapy .
YI ER GE DA TA G (1 ELL W/JE T J Y
FU GUSA D IGE 'S EGG S U )
Yellow jelly fungus (Bai Mu Er, Tremella), 50g
Chinese dates (Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi Ju)ubae), 50g
Wolfberry (GouQi Zi, Fructus Lycii), 50g
Lotus seeds (Lian Zi, Semen elumbinis
uciferae), 50g
 DIET THERA Y 385

ball, sea- igeon's eggs, 20 QI Y U R U TA G (ASI RAGALUS A D

Rock candy, 50g SHADD CK S U )
shing. reparation: Soak the jelly fungus in water over-
Lean pork, 50g
;hes the night, then rinse it and put in a pot with 250m1 of
;hang. Cornstarch, 10g
water and the dates, wolfberry and lotus seeds. Shaddock pulp, 40g
ial fever Cook over a very low heat for 3-4 hours until the
iency of Astragalus root (HuangQi, Radix Astragali seu He-
jelly fungus is like pulp. Add the pigeon's eggs, one dysari),10g
s, where by one, and cook for another 30 minutes before Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao, ericarpium
and sore
adding the rock candy Drink 300m1 once a day . Zanthoxyli), 5g
roperties : Sweet, slippery, neutral, refreshing . Fresh ginger, I g
Channels entered: Liver, Spleen, Stomach, and Scallion, 20g
LLY Heart. akchoi hearts, I g
Functions: Moistens Yin, supports Vital Qi (Zheng Salt, to taste
g Qi), nourishes the Middle Burner and has Coriander, I g
anti-cancer properties . Sesame oil, 2-3 drops
Indications: Cachexia and anemia in patients with reparation : Cut the pork into thin slices and coat
liver and lung cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, and with 5g of cornstarch mixed with water . ut in a
tumors of the bones ; fever, blood-streaked phlegm, pot with the shaddock pulp, astragalus, scallion, and
and coughing and expectoration of blood in lung a condiment ball" containing the prickly ash and
:er over- cancer ; alleviation of symptoms of nasopharyngeal sliced fresh ginger ; add 300m1 of water and cook
mter over cancer . for 30 minutes . Remove the condiment ball and
:k candy scallion, add the pakchoi hearts and . cook until soft .
it, pears, Add the remainder of the starch and season with
'il. Serve SA QI DA U TA G ( T GI SE G,
salt, coriander and sesame oil . Bring back to the boil
ly at the EGG A D L TUS R T S U ) and serve immediately .
Fresh lotus root ( u, Rhizoma elumbinis roperties : Sweet, salty, aromatic, neutral .
toward uciferae), 500g Channels entered : Spleen, Stomach and Lung.
owdered notoginseng (San Qi Fen, ulvis Radicis Functions : Supplements the Middle Burner, nour-
ung. ishes the Stomach, eliminates Lung-Dryness, van-
otoginseng), 5g
leen and quishes Toxicity, and has anti-cancer properties .
Egg, 1
cer. Indications : Cancers complicated by pulmonary
Sesame oil, 2-3 drops
:ed food infections, coughs and colds ; eliminating Dryness-
:omatitis Salt, to taste
Heat and stopping coughing in lung cancer ; general
reparation: Squeeze the juice out of the lotus
d, neck, effect in supplementing the body.
romotes root, add 500ml of water and boil for 20 minutes .
;enerally . Add the powdered notoginseng and the beaten egg,
C GEES
season with salt and sesame oil, and serve with rice
or bread, twice a day. Congees are a sort of porridge made from polished
.LY roperties: Sweet, slightly salty, acrid, neutral. round-grain rice, glutinous rice, pulses, sorghum,
Channels entered: Spleen and Stomach . corn, coix seeds, or other grains or seeds . The base
Functions : Softens hardness, relieves Toxicity; ingredient is simmered slowly for 30-50 minutes in
)g stops bleeding, supplements Yang Qi and has a large quantity of water until it is soft and the
ie), 50g anti-cancer properties . liquid is thick.
Indications : Stomach cancer and hemorrhage of Congees are highly nutritious and easy to digest ;
imbinis in Chinese, there is a saying that "congee cures a
the digestive tract in various cancers .
386 MA AGEME T F CA CER
hundred kinds of disease ." They are especially suit-
able for persons with chronic' diseases or debility
due to prolonged illness, including cancer patients .
As they are soft, tasty and nourishing, they are a
very useful means of promoting the appetite.
Congees aid digestion, supply nutrients and regu-
late bodily functions. The base ingredients' can be
enhanced by adding meat, eggs, milk, or materia
medica to make a "medicated congee" with' a regu-
lating, enriching and supplementing function to
strengthen the body and help it withstand disease .
C GEES F R TREATI G CA CER A D
R M TI G GE ERAL HEALTH
Congees for promoting general health aid digestion
and the absorption of nutrients. They can be modi-
fied according to the state of health and the chang-
ing seasons . They should be prepared within the
overall diet according to the principle of keeping a
balance between the main ingredient and the
non-staple ingredients . Single-ingredient congees
are, rare, and most congees will contain between two
and ten ingredients.
Congee is a very common dish in China and the
particular variety chosen for preparation will de-
pend on the nutritional value required and the func-
tions of the, ingredients. For example, Shan Yao Er
Mi Zhou: (Chinese Yam, Rice and Millet Congee) as-
sists digestion by nourishing the Stomach and forti-
fying the Spleen ; Hong Zao Gui 1 uan Zhou (Chinese
Date and Longan Congee), Hu Luo Bo Zhou (Carrot
Congee), Da Mai Zhou (Barley Congee), Mu Er uo
Mi Zhou (Jelly Fungus and Glutinous Rice Congee)
and Hei Zhi Ma Er Mi Zhou (Black Sesame Seed,
Rice and Millet Congee) all help to safeguard overall
health . Their ingredients, such as coix seed (Yi Yi
Ren, Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi), white hyacinth
bean (Bai Bian Dou, Semen Dolichoris Lablab) and
black sesame seed (Hei Zhi Ma, Semen Sesami In-
did), are rich in vitamins and contain substances
such as coixenolide that inhibit the growth of
tumors .
DA MAI ZH U (BARLEY C GEE)
Barley, 20g
Coix seed (Yi-Yi Ken, Semen Coicis Lachryma-
jobi), 10g
Glutinous ; rice, 10g
reparation : ut the barley, coix seed and gluti-
nous rice in 1000m1 of water, bring to the boil and
simmer for 50 minutes until the mixture is thick .
roperties : Sweet, neutral, refreshing.
Channels entered : Spleen and Stomach .
Functions: The coarse fibers, vitamins and miner-
als contained in barley aid digestion and absorption .
Coix seed has anti-cancer properties, aids digestion
and warms the Stomach . The congee fortifies the
Stomach and supplements the Middle Burner .
Indications: Fever as a complication of cancer or
other chronic diseases, and for general health care .
HU LU B ZH U (CARR T C GEE)
Carrots, 500g
Vegetable oil, 10ml
Rice or corn, 50g ;
reparation: Cut the carrot into chunks and stir-fry
in the vegetable oil until tender . ut the rice or corn
into 1000ml of water, bring to the boil and simmer
. for 30 minutes until the congee is ready Add the
carrots and serve .
roperties: Sweet, neutral, warm .
Channels entered: Stomach and Small Intestine .
Functions : Fortifies the Stomach, calms the Zang
organs, supplements the, Middle Burner and bears
Qi downward .
Indications : Aids digestion to treat non-severe
indigestion and hiccoughs due to Spleen and
Stomach Deficiency or Deficiency in prolonged
illnesses : malignant tumors of the stomach and
esophagus; cataracts, hyperlipem a, coronary diseases,
chronic gastritis, and chronic hepatitis .
QIE ZI ER MI ZH U (EGG LA T, RICE A D
MIi JET C GEE)
Eggplant (aubergine), 100g
Rice, 25g
Millet, 25g
reparation: Wash the eggplant (aubergine nd
cut into chunks (including the skin) . ut the ingre-
dients into 1500m1 of water, bring to the boil and
 DIET THERA Y 387

tchryma simmer for 30-40 minutes until the congee is ready . bring to the boil and simmer for 20 minutes . Add
roperties: Sweet, neutral, slightly astringent . the pears and simmer for another 20 minutes until
Channels entered : Spleen, Kidney and Small In- the congee is ready. Add the rock candy and serve
end gluti- testine . warm .
boil and Functions : Eggplant contains tumor-inhibiting roperties: Sweet and cool.
thick. substances ; when combined with rice and millet, it Channels entered: Lung and Spleen
dissipates Blood stasis, stops pain, disperses swelling, Functions : Moistens the Lungs and transforms
and inhibits cancer . hlegm.
id miner- Indications : Hypertension, hyperlipemia, arterio- Indications : Used to safeguard the patient's general
'sorption . sclerosis, coronary diseases, cancer, and hemor- health in cases of coughing as a complication of
digestion rhoids with blood in the stool . lung cancer, pneumonia, and chronic bronchitis .
.tifies the
let . SHAH YA ER MI ZH U (CHI ESE YAM, SHA ZHA ZH U (HAWTH R I KUIT
:ancer or RICE A D MILLET C GEE) C GEE)
.th care.
Chinese yam (Shan Yao, Rhizoma Dioscoreae p Fresh hawthorn fruit, 10-20g
positae), 50-100g Rice, 100g
E)
Rice, 25g reparation: Wash the fruit and remove the stone .
Millet, 25g Add the fruit and rice to 1000ml of water, bring to
Rock candy, 20g the boil and simmer for 40 minutes until the congee
reparation : eel the Chinese yam and cut it into is ready.
id stir-fry pieces. Add the yam, rice and millet to 1000ml of roperties : Sour, sweet, astringent, neutral .
° or corn water. Bring to the boil and simmer for 40 minutes Channels entered: Spleen, Stomach and Targe In-
i simmer until the congee is ready. This congee can produce a testine.
Add the slightly numb sensation in the mouth due to the Functions : Increases the appetite, stops diarrhea by
Chinese yam; this is counteracted by adding the astringing, invigorates the Blood and transforms
rock candy. Blood stasis .
estine . roperties : Sweet and neutral . Indications : Aids digestion and disperses food
he Zang Channels entered: Spleen, Stomach, Lung, Kidney, accumulation to treat chronic pain, poor appetite,
nd bears and Large Intestine . abdominal distension, and inhibited gastric peristalsis
Functions : Fortifies the Spleen, supplements the in cancer patients ; also indicated for primary hyper-
n-severe Lungs, enriches the Kidneys, and nourishes the tension, hyperlipemia, arteriosclerosis, coronary
yen and Stomach. diseases, cholelithiasis, and indigestion . This congee
.olonged Indications: Debility and weakness in prolonged can be used for general health care and to inhibit
ach and illnesses, poor appetite, loose stool, cough, and fre- cancer.
diseases, quent nocturia; especially suitable for debility and
po r ap eti e in cancer patients resulting from sur-, HEI ZHI MA ER MI ZH U (BLACK SESAME
gery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy. SEED, RICE A D MILLET C GEE)
:E A D
Rice, 50g
QIU LI ZH U (AUTUM EAR C GEE)
Millet, 50g
Fresh pears, sliced, 2 Black sesame seed (Hei Zhi Mai, Semen Sesami In-
Rice, 50g dici), 50g
Glutinous rice, 50g reparation : Stir-fry and crush the sesame seeds.
ine) and Rock candy, 10-20g Add the rice and millet to 1500m1 of water, bring to
ie ingre- reparation: eel the pears and cut into chunks . the boil and simmer for about 40 minutes until the
boil and ut the rice and glutinous rice in I000ml of water, congee is ready. Mix in the sesame seeds and serve.
388 MA AGEME T F CA CER
roperties : Sweet, aromatic, neutral, refreshing.
Channels entered : Spleen, Stomach, Kidney; and
Large Intestine .
Functions : Fortifies the Spleen, increases the appe-
tite and aids digestion, moistens the Intestines, and
has anti-cancer properties.
Indications : Deficiency patterns in the middle-
aged and elderly, and in cancer patients.
MU ER U MI ZH U JELLY FU GUS A D
GLUTI US RICE C GEE)
Glutinous rice, 100g
Yellow jelly fungus (Bai Mu Er, Tremella), 5g
Black jelly fungus (Hei Mu Er, Exidia lana), 5g
Rock candy, 10-20g
reparation: Soak the black and yellow jelly fungus
in water overnight, clean and cut into small pieces .
Add them with the glutinous rice to 1000ml of
water, bring to the boil and simmer for 35-40 minutes
until the congee is ready. Add the rock candy and
serve.
roperties : Acrid and neutral (without the rock
candy) .
Channels entered : Spleen, Stomach and Kidney .
Functions : Supplements Deficiency, blackens the
hair and nourishes the complexion .
Indications : Deficiency patterns in the middle-
aged and elderly, and in cancer patients.
AI MI ZH U (MILK A D RICE C GEE)
Rice, 50g
Millet, 50g
Fresh milk, 250ml
reparation: Add the rice and millet to 1000ml of
water, bring to the boil and simmer for 30 minutes
until the congee is thick. ut in the milk, cover,
bring back to the boil, and serve .
roperties : Sweet, neutral, warm .
Channels entered: Liver, Spleen, Stomach, and
Kidney.
Functions: Strengthens Yang, supplements Defi-
ciency, and fortifies the Spleen and Stomach .
Indications : Supplements nutrition to treat
reduced food intake, poor appetite, emaciation, and
lack of nourishment in cancer patients ; also used
for Spleen and Stomach Deficiency patterns, as it
aids digestion and promotes absorption .
YI MI ZH U (C IX SEED C GEE)
Coix seeds (Yi Yi Ken, Semen Coicis Lachryma-
jobi), 30g
Aduki beans (Chi Xiao Dou, Semen haseoli Cal-
carati), 30g
reparation : ut the aduki beans in 500m1 of
water, bring to the boil and simmer for one hour,
then add the coix seeds, bring back to the boil and
simmer for one to two hours until ready .
roperties : Sweet, bland, neutral.
Functions : Supports Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and has
anti-cancer properties, benefits the movement of
water and percolates Dampness, clears Heat and
expels pus .
Indications: Bladder, stomach, cervical, breast and
colorectal cancers, and as a supplement during che-
motherapy.
C GEES F R TREATI G CA CER A D
SU LEME TI G THE B DY
Although these congees also have a function in
safeguarding general health, they lay more emphasis
on regulating, supplementing and nourishing the
Zang organs and strengthening the body by en-
hancing specific and non-specific immunity.
When used over a long period alternately with
congees for promoting general health, these con-
gees have a significant effect in safeguarding health ;
when used on their own, alternating different
supplementing congees can also significantly
improve bodily functions .
Congees of this type indicated for cancer patients
include king Zhi Hong Zao Zbou (Ganoderma and
Chinese Date Congee), Ren Shen Zhou (Ginseng
Congee), Lian Zi Yan loo Zhou (Lotus Seed and
Edible Bird's est Congee) and Chong Cao Hong Zao
Zhou (Cordyceps and Chinese Date Congee) .
LI G ZHI H G ZA ZH U (GA DERMA
A D CHI ESE DATE C GEE)
Ganoderma, 15-20g
 DIET THERA Y 389

:rns, as it Chinese dates (Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi Functions : Supplements the Kidneys and strength-
Jujubae), 15-30g ens Yang.
Rice, 50g Indications : Liver and kidney diseases, especially
reparation: ut the ganoderma, dates and rice in those with lower plasma protein levels in the late
1500m1 of water, bring to the boil and simmer for stage of cancers ; Kidney deficiency, chronic nephri-
ichryma- 40 minutes until the congee is thick, then serve . tis and nephrotic syndrome in the middle-aged and
roperties : Sweet, bland, warm. elderly.
;eoli Cal- Functions : Greatly supplements Deficiency.
Indications : Leukopenia in the early, middle or late LIA ZI YA W ZH U (L TUS SEED A D
00ml of stages of radiotherapy or chemotherapy. EDIB T R BIRD'S EST C GEE)
>ne hour,
boil and Edible bird's nest, l g
LI G JIA ZH U (WA I ER C4LI R
C GEE) Rice, 50g
Millet, 50g
and has Water caltrop (Zing Jiao, Fructus Trapae), 2 Coix seeds (Yi Yi Ren, Semen Coicis Lachryma-
ment of Rice, 50g jobi), 50g
seat and reparation: eel the water caltrop and cut into reparation : ut all the ingredients in 1500m1 of
pieces. Add to 1000ml of water with the rice, bring water, bring to the boil and simmer for 30-40 min-
-east and to the boil and simmer for 40 minutes until the utes until the congee is ready.
ring che- congee is ready. roperties: Acrid, neutral, warm.
roperties: eutral and warm . Channels entered: Lung, Spleen and Stomach .
Channels entered : Spleen and Kidney. Functions : Enriches Yin, supplements the Lungs
R A D Functions : Fortifies the Spleen, supplements the and moistens Dryness.
Kidneys and has anti-cancer properties . Indications : Deficiency patterns in cancer patients
Indications : Long-term administration helps to after surgery; Yin Deficiency patterns due to Dryness-
ction in strengthen the constitution and enhance the Heat after radiotherapy or chemotherapy; coughing
mphasis immune system of patients with chronic diarrhea, and wheezing in lung cancer, chronic bronchitis,
sing the indigestion and malnutrition or middle-aged and pulmonary heart disease, and Deficiency patterns in
by en- elderly patients with a weak constitution, especially middle-aged and elderly patients.
those with cancer or tuberculosis .
°ly with
E JIA U MI ZH U (D KEY-HIDE
!se con- LU JIA JIA ZH U (DEER A TLER GLUE GELATI A D GLUTI US RICE C GEE)
; health; C GEE)
lifferent Donkey-hide gelatin (E Jiao, Gelatinum Corii
ificantly Rice, 50g Asini), 30g
Millet, 100g Glutinous rice, 50g
patients Coix seeds (Yi Yi Ren, Semen Coicis Lachryma- Millet, 50g
ma and jobi), 50g urple rice, 50g
3inseng Deer antler glue (Lu Jiao Jiao, Gelatinum Cornu Brown sugar, 50g
ed and Cervi), 20g reparation: ut the glutinous rice, millet and pur-
Long Zao Rock candy, 10-20g ple rice in 1500m1 of water, bring to the boil and
reparation: ut the rice, millet and coix seeds in simmer for about 40 minutes until the congee is
1500ml of water, bring to the boil and simmer for ready. Add the brown sugar and the gelatin, broken
ERMA 30 minutes. Then, add the deer antler glue and rock into pieces and crushed . Bring back to the boil, mix
candy, simmer for another 10 minutes, and serve . thoroughly and serve .
roperties : Sweet, acrid, warm, neutral . roperties : Sweet, acrid, neutral, warm .
Channels entered : Kidney and Stomach . Channels entered : Spleen and Stomach .
390 MA AGEME T F CA CER
Functions : ourishes the Blood and complexion,
harmonizes the Stomach, enhances the immune
system, and strengthens the body's resistance to
disease.
Indications : Used for supplementation to treat
anemia due to cancer or other causes . This congee
greatly supplements patients given major surgery or
with Deficiency signs during a prolonged illness .
IU R U ZH U (BEEF C GEE)
Beef, 100g
Cornstarch, 10g
Rice, 25g
Millet, 20g
Coix seeds (Yi Yi Ren, Semen Coicis Lachryma
jobi), 20g
Beef stock cube
Salt, to taste
reparation: Cut the beef into thin slices and coat
with the cornstarch mixed with water . ut the rice,
millet and coix seeds in 500m1 of water, bring to the
boil and simmer for 20 minutes. Add the beef and
simmer for another 30 minutes . Add the beef stock
cube and salt, and serve hot .
roperties : Salty, sweet, warm .
Channels entered : Spleen and Stomach .
Functions : Supplements Spleen-Earth, fortifies the
Spleen and Stomach, and has a similar function to
Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) in supple-
menting Deficiency of Later Heaven Qi and Blood .
Indications : Cachexia due to malignant tumors,
especially tumors in the digestive tract with loose
stool or diarrhea .
KE SHE ZH U (GI SE G C GEE)
Ginseng (Ken Shen, Radix Ginseng), 5g
Fresh ginger, 15g
Rice, 50g
reparation : Grind the ginseng into a fine powder
and press the fresh ginger to squeeze out the juice .
Add 1000ml of water and boil down until 500m1 of
liquid remains . Add the rice and simmer over a low
heat for 30 minutes until the congee is ready. Take a
little at frequent intervals on an empty stomach .
roperties : Sweet, salty, bland, warm .
Channels entered : Spleen, Stomach, Heart, and
Kidney.
Functions: Greatly supplements the Zang organs,
augments riginal Qi (Yuan Qi), nourishes the
Spirit, and has anti-cancer properties .
Indications : Cachexia, anemia, debility, emaciation,
palpitations, shortness of breath, insomnia, poor
appetite and chronic diarrhea in cancer patients ; can
also be used to alleviate the side-effects of surgery;
radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
XI G KE AI ZH U (A RIC T KER EL
A D MILK C GEE)
Rice, 100g
Apricot kernels (Xing Ren, Semen runi Armenia-
cae),100g
Fresh milk, 100ml
White sugar, 20g
reparation: ut the rice and apricot kernels in
1000ml of water, bring to the boil and simmer for
30 minutes. Add the milk and simmer until the
congee thickens, mix in the sugar and serve warm .
roperties : Sweet and cool .
Channels entered: Spleen, Heart, Kidney and
Stomach .
Functions : Moistens the Lungs, stops coughing,
transforms hlegm, and calms wheezing.
Indications : Malignant tumors of the lung (on a
long-term, daily basis) ; dry throat, irritability and
thirst .
H G ZA GUI YUA ZH U (CHI ESE
DA-1 E A D L GA C GEE)
Chinese dates (Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae),
10-20g
Longan fruit (Long Yan Rou, Arillus Euphoriae
Longanae), 30g
Glutinous rice, 50g
urple rice, 20g
Millet, 30g
reparation : ut all the ingredients in a pot and
add 1500m1 of water, bring to the boil and simmer
for 40-50 minutes until the congee is thick .
roperties : Sweet, neutral, warm .
Channels entered : Spleen, Heart and Kidney .
 DIET THERA Y 391

leant, and Functions : Supplements the Spleen, boosts the reparation : Decoct the astragalus root in 300m1
Heart, and nourishes the Blood . of water and boil down to 150ml . Strain off the
ig organs, Indications : Insomnia and poor memory in the liquid and discard the residue . Add the wolfberry,
ishes the middle-aged and elderly, and climacteric syndrome rice, millet and dates to the strained decoction, top
due to Heart and Spleen Deficiency ; can also be up with another 150m1 of water, bring to the boil
:naciation, used to regulate the immune system and as supple- and simmer for 30 minutes until the congee is ready.
,nia, poor mentation for Blood Deficiency due to cancer. Mix in the water caltrop starch, bring back to the
tients; can boil and serve warm. Eat once every three days .
-f surgery, YA G R U ZH U (LAMB C GEE) roperties : Sweet, warm, refreshing.
Functions : Supplements the Middle Burner and
Lamb, 100g augments Qi, supports Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and has
Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao, ericarpium
KER EL anti-cancer properties. Astragalus root, wolfberry
Zanthoxyli), 5g
Cooking wine, 1 ml and water caltrop are supplementing ingredients
Rice, 50g that inhibit cancer; Chinese dates relieve Toxicity
Millet, 50g and supplement the Blood to inhibit cancer .
Armenia-
Salt, to taste Indications : Weakness and emaciation in patients
reparation: Cut the lamb into dice, cover with with malignant tumors ; alleviation of the
water and soak for 30 minutes with the prickly ash side-effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
,,ernels in and cooking wine. Bring the water rapidly to the
mmer for boil, then drain off. ut the lamb, rice and millet in FL-4I SHE YU IA ZH U (SEA CUCUM-
until the 1500m1 of cold water, bring to the boil and simmer BER A D FISH SLICE C GEE)
e warm. for 40 minutes until the congee is thick, season with
salt, and serve. Sea cucumber, 50g
iney and roperties : Sweet and warm. Carp, 400g
Channels entered: Spleen and Stomach. Cooking wine, 1 ml
coughing, Functions : Warms the Middle Burner and fortifies Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao, ericarpium
the Spleen, supplements Qi and nourishes the Zanthoxyli),10g
mg (on a Blood . Rice, 100g
bility and Indications : Used for supplementation for patients Salt, to taste
with a weak constitution due to cancer, or those reparation: Soak the prepared sea cucumber in
recovering from surgery, radiotherapy or chemo- water for 30 minutes and cut into chunks . Scrape
therapy. It can also be used for cases with aversion off the scales of the carp, slit it open and remove
HI ESE to cold, anemia, wheezing, a preference for hot the entrails and bones (or buy filleted) and cut into
food and a dislike of cold drinks, especially in slices . Soak the slices in a mixture of cooking wine
Jujubae), autumn and winter. and prickly ash for 30 minutes . Take out the slices,
and add with the sea cucumber and rice to 1500ml
:uphoriae QI QI LI G FE ZH U (ASIRAGALUS, of water, bring to the boil and simmer for 30 min-
W i . FBERRY A D WAl ER CALTR utes. Season with salt and serve .
STARCH C GEE) roperties : Sweet, slightly fishy, neutral.
Astragalus root (HuangQi, Radix Astragali seu He- Channels entered: Spleen, Heart, Liver, Lung, Kid-
dysari), 30g ney, and Stomach .
pot and Wolfberry (GouQi Zi, Fructus Lycii), 20g Functions : Strengthens Yang and supplements Qi
3 simmer Rice, 20g and Blood to inhibit cancer.
Millet, 20g Indications: Debility due to a major or prolonged
Chinese dates (Da Zao, Fructus Zi7iphi Jujubae),1 g illness ; to help recover strength and enhance the
iey. Water caltrop starch (or water chestnut starch), 15g immune function after surgery, radiotherapy or
392 MA AGEME T F CA CER
chemotherapy ; depletion of and damage to Kidney
Qi and emaciation in middle-aged and elderly per-
sons, especially those with cachexia due to cancer
with symptoms such as dry skin, low-grade fever,
night sweating, dry cough, and irritability due to
Dryness-Heat.
F SH U GA ZH U (BUDDHA'S HA D
C GEE)
Buddha's hand (Fo Shou, Fructus Citri Sarcodac-
tylis), 20g
Rice, 50g
Millet, 50g
reparation : Decoct the fruit in 300m1 of water
for 20 minutes. Remove the residue and put the rice
and millet in the strained decoction, then add an-
other 1000ml of water, bring to the boil and sim-
mer for 30-40 minutes until the congee is thick .
roperties : Sour and neutral .
Channels entered : Spleen and Stomach .
Functions : Regulates Qi and alleviates pain, forti-
fies the Spleen and increases the appetite .
Indications : oor appetite, indigestion, belching,
pain in the stomach, loose stools and diarrhea in
cancer patients; taken at the end of a meal, this
congee can aid digestion, fortify the Spleen and
Stomach, and alleviate stomachache .
QI QIE YA G C G ZH U (CET.FRY,
EGG LA. TA D I C GEE)
Celery stalks, 100g
Eggplant (aubergine), 100g
Rice, 50g
Millet, 50g
nion, 100g
reparation : Cut the celery stalks into chunks, peel
and dice the eggplant, and chop the onion . ut the
celery and eggplant with the rice and millet in
1500ml of water . Bring to the boil, and simmer for
30-40 minutes until almost ready . Add the onion,
return to the boil and simmer until the congee has
thickened . Season with salt and serve .
roperties : Acrid, bland, neutral, combining the
tastes of celery and onion.
Channels entered : Lung, Spleen, Stomach, Large
Intestine, and Kidney :
Functions : Celery, eggplant and onion contain sub-
stances that inhibit cancer . The cooked congee
supplements the Spleen and Stomach, calms the
Liver, promotes urination, nourishes the Blood, and
augments Qi.
Indications : Since the coarse fibers in the congee
promote peristalsis of the intestines, this recipe can
be used for indigestion and constipation . This con
gee is also indicated for primary hypertension, dia-
betes, hyperlipemia and arteriosclerosis .
CH G CA H G ZA ZH U (C RDY-
CE S A D CHI ESE DATE C GEE)
Cordyceps (Doug Chong Xia Cao, Cordyceps Sinen-
sis), 5g
Chinese dates (Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae), 20g
Rice, 20g
Glutinous rice, 20g
Millet, 20g
Coix seeds (Yi Yi Ken, Semen Coicis Lachryma-
jobi), 20g
Rock candy, 5-10g
reparation : Crush the cordyceps into a powder.
Cover the dates, rice, glutinous rice, millet and coix
seeds with 1000ml of water, bring to the boil and
simmer for 30-40 minutes until almost ready . Add the
powdered cordyceps, bring back to the boil and
simmer until the congee is thick. Add the rock candy
to sweeten the congee, if desired . This congee can be
eaten with breakfast or the evening meal .
roperties : Acrid, slightly fishy, sweet, neutral .
Channels entered : Liver, Spleen, Stomach, and
Lung.
Functions : Supplements the Liver, nourishes Qi,
boosts the Lungs and Kidneys .
Indications : Chinese dates and cordyceps have a
pronounced effect in enhancing the immune system ;
they can also inhibit the growth of tumors and sup-
plement Deficiency, strengthen the body and pro-
long life expectancy in cancer patients . This congee
can also be used for supplementation purposes in
patients with a weakened constitution due to
chronic hepatitis, chronic bronchitis, pulmonan'
tuberculosis, asthma, or nephritis .
 DIET THERA Y 393

.ch, Large EI JI JU SHA ZH U (CHICKE GIZZARD, and scallion; cover with 1000ml of water, add salt
TA GERI E EEL A D AM MUM FRUIT and cook until there is about 300ml of chicken
ntain sub- C GEE) stock left. Remove the astragalus and condiment
d congee ball ; keep the stock warm . Add the rice to 1000ml
Chicken gizzard (Ji ei fin, Endothelium Corneum of water, bring to the boil and simmer for 40 min-
calms the
Gigeriae Galli), 6g utes until the congee thickens. Add the chicken
)food, and
Fresh tangerine peel (Chen i, ericarpium Citri Re- stock and boil for one minute . Adjust the seasoning
ie congee ticulatae), 6g and serve.
recipe can Rice, 20g roperties : Salty and slightly bitter .
This con- Glutinous rice, 20g Functions: Boosts the Middle Burner, supplements
ision, dia- Millet, 20g Qi, and supports Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) to inhibit can-
Coix seeds ( Yi Ren, Semen Colds Lachryma-jobi), 20g cer.
Sweet corn, 20g Indications: Used to regulate nutrition and prevent
Amomum fruit (Sha Ken, Fructus Amomi), 1 .5g or treat cachexia in cancer patients after surgery or
(C RDY- reparation : Stir-fry the amomum fruit until yellow,
E) after radiotherapy or chemotherapy ; and to supple-
then grind to a powder. Cut the tangerine peel into ment the diet in middle-aged and elderly persons
ps Sinen- pieces. ut the rice, glutinous rice, millet, coix seeds, presenting with Deficiency patterns.
and sweet corn into 1000ml of water, bring to the
bae), 20g boil and simmer until 80% done. Then add the
chicken gizzard, tangerine peel and powdered XIA MAI ZH U (IVHEAT C GEE)
amomum fruit, bring back to the boil and cook T .ight wheat grain (Fu Xiao Mai, Fructus Tritici Aes-
until the congee is ready. tivi Levis), 60g
ichryma- roperties : Acrid and neutral . Rice, 100g
Channels entered : Stomach, Small Intestine and Chinese dates (Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae), 15g
Large Intestine . reparation: Wash the wheat and add to 1000ml
t powder. Functions : Disperses food accumulation and forti- of water, bring to the boil and simmer for 50 min-
and coix fies the Spleen and Stomach . utes. Remove the wheat and add the rice and dates
boil and Indications: Since this congee aids digestion and to the liquid and simmer for 30 minutes until the
7. Add the supplements Deficiency, it can be used for indiges- congee is ready. Divide into two or three portions to
boil and tion after meals and poor appetite in cancer be consumed on the same day
)ck candy patients . roperties : Sweet, salty, cold .
;ee can be Functions : Supplements Deficiency and stops
HUA G QI JI R U ZH U (ASIRAGALUS sweating.
itral . A D CHICKE C GEE) Indications : Cancer patients with a weak constitu-
ach, and tion after surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy .
Astragalus root (Huang Qi, Radix Astragali seu He-
ishes Qi, dysari), 120g
XI G RE MI AI SHUA G (ALM D,
Chicken breast, ground (minced), 300g H EYA D MIT .K JET.T Y)
>s have a Fresh ginger, 10g
ie system; Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao, ericarpium Almond powder, 30g
and sup- Zanthoxyli), 5g Honey, 300m1
and pro- Scallion, l g Fresh milk, 500m1
is congee Rice, 100g Cornstarch, 50g
rposes in Salt, to taste reparation : Boil 800m1 of water in a large sauce-
due to reparation: Make a stew with the astragalus root, pan, gradually add the almond powder and stir
ilmonary wrapped in cheesecloth, the ground chicken flesh evenly while bringing back to the boil . Add the milk
and a condiment ball'' containing ginger, prickly ash and bring back to the boil again, before adding the
394 MA AGEME T F CA CER
cornstarch and honey and mixing in thoroughly.
roperties: Sweet and cool .
Functions : Moistens the Lungs and stops coughing,
transforms hlegm and calms wheezing.
Indications : Malignant tumors of the lung (on a
long-term, daily basis) ; dry throat, irritability and
thirst.
MATERIA MEDICA-BASED C GEES
F R TREATI G CA CER
This group of congees has proven effective in the
management of cancers. Selection of materia
medica that can also be used as food and that have a
primary function of supplementation and the safe-
guarding of general health and a secondary function
of vanquishing Toxicity and inhibiting cancer pro-
vide a valuable accessory treatment for cancer.
HU TA RE BAI HE ZH U (WIAL UT
KER EL A D LIT.Y BULB C GEE)
Walnuts, 30g
Lily bulb (Bai He, Bulbus Tilii), 30g
Rice, 50g
Glutinous rice, 20g
urple rice, 1 g
Barley, 20g
reparation: ut the ingredients in a pot with
1500ml of water, bring to the boil and simmer for
40 minutes until the congee thickens .
roperties: Sweet, bland, neutral, slightly warm .
Channels entered: Lung, Spleen, Kidney, and
Stomach .
Functions : Supplements the Kidneys and warms
the Lungs, stops coughing and stabilizes wheezing,
consolidates the Essence and moistens the Lungs .
Indications : Coughing, wheezing, constipation,
and aching in the lower back and knees in cancer
patients, especially those with lung cancer ; and also
for persistent cough with clear phlegm, aversion to
cold, neurasthenia, irritability, and constipation .
BAI ER WIU JIA ZH U (YELL W JELLY
FU GUS A D ACA TH A AX R T
C GEE)
Acanthopanax root (Ci WIu Jia, Radix Acantho-
panacis Senticosi), 30-50g
Rice, 25g
Glutinous rice, 25g
Yellow jelly fungus (Bai Mu Er, Tremella), 1 g
reparation: Soak the jelly fungus overnight in
cold water. Cut the acanthopanax root into chunks
and soak in 200m1 of cold water for 15-30 minutes,
then decoct in 1500ml of water for 30 minutes .
Strain off the liquid and discard the residue . Add
the rice, glutinous rice and jelly fungus to the
strained decoction and simmer for about 30 min-
utes until the congee is ready.
roperties : Sweet and bland .
Channels entered: Kidney, Heart, Spleen, and
Stomach.
Functions : Strengthens the body and supplements
Defciency, and raises general immunity .
Indications : Cancer patients with Qi Deficiency
patterns manifesting as a sallow yellow facial
complexion, dizziness and lack of strength .
TA HUA ER MI ZH U ( EACH BL SS M,
RICE A D GLUTI US RICE C GEE)
Fresh peach blossom petals, 4g
Rice, 50g
Glutinous rice, 50g
reparation: Add the ingredients to 1500ml of
water, bring to the boil and simmer for 30-40 min-
utes until the congee is ready.
roperties : Acrid, slightly bitter, neutral.
Channels entered: Spleen, Stomach and Large
Intestine.
Functions : Moistens the Intestines and frees the
bowels.
Indications : Constipation in cancer patients, espe-
cially due to Dryness-Heat in the Intestines and
Stomach due to radiotherapy, since this congee
moistens Dryness and promotes intestinal peristalsis .
It can also be used for debility in prolonged illnesses
and constipation in the elderly.
WWU RE ER MI ZH U (FIVE KER EL A D
TW RICE C GEE)
Rice, 100g
Glutinous rice, 50g

each kernel (Tao Ren, Semen ersicae), l g
Walnut kernel (Hu Tao Ren, Semen Juglandis
Regiae), 10g
Apricot kernel (Xing Ken, Semen runi Armenia-
cae), l g
ine nuts (Song Zi Ren, Semen ini), 1 g
Black sesame seeds (Hei Zhi Ma, Semen Sesami In
dici), l g
Salt or sugar, to taste
reparation : ut the rice and glutinous rice in
1500m1 of water, bring to the boil and simmer for
30 minutes. Stir-fry the peach kernels until yellow;
stir-fry the walnut and apricot kernels, pine nuts and
sesame seeds until dry, and crush . Add the kernels
to the congee and simmer for another 20 minutes .
Serve with salt or sugar according to taste.
roperties : Aromatic.
Channels entered: Spleen, Stomach and Large
Intestine.
Functions : Moistens the Intestines and frees the
bowels, nourishes the Blood and boosts the Spleen .
, SS M, Black sesame seed, peach kernel and walnut kernel
3E) contain substances that inhibit cancer .
Indications : Constipation due to Deficiency-
Dryness in cancer patients or due to a weak consti-
tution in the elderly.
; ml of
SHA YA BA XIA ZH U (CHI ESE YAM
)-40 min-
A D I ELLIA TUBER C GEE)
urified pinellia tuber (Qing Ban Xia, Rhizoma
7d Large inelliae Ternatae Depurata), 30g
Chinese yam (Shan Yao, Rhizoma Dioscoreae p-
frees the positae), 25g
Rice, 25g
nts, espe- Millet, 25g
tines and Rock candy, 20g
s congee reparation: Rinse the purified pinellia tuber in
peristalsis . warm water, add to 500m1 of water, bring to the
i illnesses boil and boil down to 250m1 . Discard the residue.
eel the Chinese yam and cut into chunks ; add to
the strained decoction with the rice and millet, bring
JL A D to the boil and simmer for 30 minutes until the
congee is ready. Add the rock candy and serve .
roperties : Sweet, bland, neutral, warm .
Channels entered: Spleen, Stomach and Small
Intestine .
DIET THERA Y 395
Functions : Fortifies the Spleen and nourishes the
Stomach .
Indications : Acid reflux, hiccoughs, belching, and
vomiting in cancer patients ; nausea and vomiting
due to chemotherapy; alleviates the side-effects of
chemotherapy and supplements with nutrients .
SH U WU ZA QI ZH U (FLEECEFL WER,
CHI ESE DA'I E' A D W T . FBERRY C -
GEE)
Fleeceflower root (He Shou Wu, Radix olygoni
Multiflori), 6g
Chinese dates (Da Zao, Fructus 7i7iphi Jujubae), l g
Wolfberry (GouQi Zi, Fructus Lycii), 1 g
Coix seeds (Yi Yi Ren, Semen Coicis Lachryma-
jobi), 25g
Rice, 25g
Millet, 25g
Rock candy, 10-20g
reparation: Decoct the fleeceflower root in
250m1 of water and boil down to 100ml of a con-
centrated liquid; discard the residue . ut the rice,
coix seeds, millet, dates and wolfberry in the
strained decoction and add another 500m1 of water,
bring to the boil and simmer for 30 minutes until
the congee is ready. Add the rock candy and serve .
roperties : Acrid, slightly bitter, warm .
Channels entered : Liver, Kidney, Stomach, Spleen,
and Small Intestine.
Functions: Chinese date and wolfberry enhance
the immune function and have anti-cancer proper-
ties. Fleeceflower root supplements the Liver,
boosts the Kidneys, harmonizes the Stomach, in-
vigorates Qi, generates Blood, and strengthens the
body.
Indications : Can be used to help build up strength
after surgery for cancer or to alleviate the
side-effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy ; also
used for arteriosclerosis, primary hypertension and
hyperlipemia .
FU LI G YI MI ZH U ( RIA A D C IX
SEED C GEE)
Coix seeds (Yi Yi Ren, Semen Coicis Lachryma-
jobi), 60g
396 MA AGEME T F CA CER
oria (Fu Ling, Sclerotium oriae Cocos), 1 g
Millet, 25g
reparation: Wash the coix seeds in water and dry ;
then soak the seeds in vinegar for 30 minutes and
rinse in clean water. Grind the poria into a powder
and add it with the coix seeds and millet to 1500m1
of water. Bring to the boil and simmer for about 30
minutes until the congee is ready .
roperties : Acrid, neutral, slightly warm .
Channels entered: Lung, Spleen, Stomach, and
Kidney.
Functions : Fortifies the Spleen and supplements
the Middle Burner, moves upward to clear Heat in
the Upper Burner and downward to regulate
Spleen-Damp.
Indications : Since this congee disperses food ac-
cumulation, dispels hlegm and calms wheezing, it
is used for Stomach disharmony, indigestion, puffy
swelling of the lower limbs, wheezing, and cough-
ing with profuse phlegm in cancer patients, espe-
cially those with lung cancer ; also clears Lung-Heat
during radiotherapy; and can be used for chronic
bronchitis with coughing and wheezing and profuse
phlegm.
BAI HE ZH U (LILY BULB C GEE)
Fresh lily bulb (Bai He, Bulbus Lilii), 30g (or dried
lily bulb, 20g)
Rice, 25g
Glutinous rice, 20g
Coix seeds (Yi Yi Ren, Semen Coicis Lachryma-
jobi), 15g
earl barley, 10g
reparation: Cut the fresh lily bulb into sections
(or soak the dried lily bulb in warm water until soft),
then add to 1500ml of water with the rice, glutinous
rice, coix seeds and barley. Bring to the boil and
simmer for 30 minutes until the congee is ready.
roperties : Sweet, neutral, slightly cool .
Channels entered: Lung, Spleen, Liver, and Stom-
ach.
Functions : Moistens the Lungs, clears the Heart,
stops coughing, quiets the Spirit, brightens the
eyes, and constrains sweating . Lily bulb can en-
hance the immune system ; barley and coix seed
contain a variety of vitamins and trace minerals,
helping to inhibit cancer.
Indications : Can be used throughout the treatment
course for lung cancer; and to treat radiation bron-
chitis and pneumonia after radiotherapy for tumors
of the mediastinum and esophagus by eliminating
Dryness, moistening the Lungs, clearing the Heart,
and dispelling hlegm; also for chronic bronchitis,
emphysema, pulmonary tuberculosis, neurasthenia,
and dizziness.
SHI BI G SHAH YA ZH U (DRIED ER-
SIMM , CHI ESE YAM A D C IX SEED
C GEE)
Chinese yam (Shan Yao, Rhizoma Dioscoreae
ppositae), 70g
Coix seeds (Yi Yi Ren, Semen Coicis Lachryma-
jobi), 60g
Millet, 25g
Dried persimmon, 250g (cut into pieces)
reparation: eel and dice the Chinese yam and
put in 1500ml of water with the coix seeds and mil-
let . Bring to the boil and simmer for 30-40 minutes .
Cut the dried persimmon into chunks, add to the
congee and serve .
roperties : Sweet, slightly astringent, neutral.
Channels entered: Spleen, Lung and Stomach .
Functions : Calms the Stomach, augments Qi, for-
tifies the Spleen, stops coughing, enriches Yin, and
supplements Deficiency.
Indications : Debility, poor appetite, thin and loose
stools, lack of strength in the limbs, and coughing
and wheezing in cancer patients ; also for chronic
bronchitis, emphysema, pulmonary heart disease,
and pulmonary tuberculosis .
GUI I MAI LA ZH U (A GELICA A D
ATMEAL C GEE)
Codonopsis root (Dang Shen, Radix Codonopsitis
ilosulae), 15g
Astragalus root (Huang Qi, Radix Astragali seu He-
dysari), 15g
Chinese angelica root (Dang Gui, Radix Angelicae
Sinensis), 10g
Spiny jujube seed (Suan Zao Ren, Semen Ziziphi
Spinosae), 10g

Licorice root (Gan Cao, Radix Glycyrrhizae), 1 g
treatment Red sage root (Dan Shen, Radix Salviae Miltior-
ion bron- rhizae), 12g
or tumors Cinnamon twig (Gui Zhi, Ramulus Cinnamomi Cas-
liminating siae), 5g
:he Heart, atmeal, 60g
)ronchitis, Longan fruit (Long Yan Rou, Arillus Euphoriae
trasthenia, Longanae), 20g
Chinese dates (Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae),1 g
reparation: Soak the codonopsis, astragalus, an-
gelica, spiny jujube seed, licorice root, red sage root,
ED ER-
and cinnamon twig in 800-1000ml of water for one
X SEED
hour, then bring quickly to the boil and simmer for
40 minutes . Strain off the liquid and discard the
ioscoreae residue . Add the oatmeal, longan fruit and dates to
the strained decoction and simmer for 10-15 min-
utes until the congee is ready.
roperties : Sweet, acrid, slightly bitter, warm .
Channels entered : Heart, Spleen, Liver, and Stom-
ach.
Functions: Strengthens Yang Qi, supplements
Heart-Blood, fortifies the Spleen, and nourishes the
Heart. Codonopsis root, astragalus root, licorice
root, and oatmeal also have anti-cancer properties .
Indications : Anemia, cachexia, debility, aversion to
cold, palpitations, shortness of breath, and fatigue
in cancer patients ; also for palpitations, shortness of
breath, and cyanotic lips in cardiac insufficiency .
HUA G JI G ER MI ZH U (SIBERIA
S L M 'S SEAL RHIZ ME, RICE A D
MIT .T.FT C GEE)
Siberian Solomon's seal rhizome (Huang Jing, Rhi-
zoma olygonati), 30g
White hyacinth bean (Bai Bian Dou, Semen Dolicho-
ris Lablab), 20g
=A A D
Coix seeds (Yi Yi Ren, Semen Coicis Lachryma-
jobi), 20g
ionopsitis Rice, 25g
Millet, 20g
Li seu He- urple rice, 10g
reparation: Decoct the Siberian Solomon's seal
Angelicae rhizome in 200m1 of water and boil down to 100m1.
Strain off the liquid and discard the residue . ut the
n Ziziphi rice, coix seeds, millet, purple rice, and hyacinth
bean in the strained decoction and add another
DIET THERA Y 397
500ml of water . Bring to the boil and simmer for 30
minutes until the congee is ready.
roperties : Sweet and neutral .
Channels entered: Spleen, Lung, Kidne y, and
Stomach.
Functions : Supplements the Middle Burner and
augments Qi, clears the Heart and moistens the
Lungs, and strengthens the sinews and bones . Coix
seeds and white hyacinth beans possess anti-cancer
properties, whereas Siberian Solomon's seal rhizome
supplements proteins.
Indications : Cachexia, bone pain, lack of strength,
poor appetite and reduced food intake in cancer
patients ; and for progressive malnutrition, chronic
gastritis, neurasthenia, fatigue, lack of strength,
poor appetite, dry cough due to Lung Deficiency,
tuberculosis, and coughing of blood .
YUA ZHI YI ZHI RE ZH U ( T YGALA
R T A D Bll '"1 ER CARDAM M C GEE)
olygala root (Yuan Zhi, Radix olygalae), 20g
Bitter cardamom fruit (Yi Zhi Ren, Fructus Alpiniae
xyphyllae), 20g
Rice, 25g
Millet, 20g
Sweet corn, crushed, log
Longan fruit (Long Yan Rou, Arillus Euphoriae
Longanae), 10g
reparation: Decoct the polygala root and bitter
cardamom in 1000ml of water and boil down to
500m1 . Strain off the liquid and discard the residue .
ut the rice, millet and crushed sweet corn into the
strained decoction and add another 500m1 of water .
Bring to the boil and simmer for 30-40 minutes
until the congee is ready. Cut the longan fruit into
chunks, add to the congee and cook for another 5
minutes before serving.
roperties : Acrid, slightly bitter, warm .
Channels entered: Spleen, Kidney, Heart, and
Stomach .
Functions : Re ates the Spleen and Stomach,
stren ens riginal Qi (Yuan Qi), supplements
Kidney Deficiency, and stabilizes the Spint and
Mind.
Indications : Emaciation, debility, anemia, and poor
appetite in cancer patients ; effective for irritability

398 MA AGEME T F CA CER
and poor appetite and is often recommended for
insomnia and poor memory caused by radiotherapy
after surgery for brain tumors, as it boosts the
Brain.
CHUR XI G HUA G QI ZH U (SICHUA
L VA GE A D ASI KAGALUS C GEE)
Sichuan lovage rhizome (Chuan Xiong, Rhizoma
Ligustici Chuanxiong), 10g
Astragalus root (Huang Qi, Radix Astragali seu He-
dysari), 15g
Coix seeds (Yi Yi Ken, Semen Coicis Lachryma-
jobi), 20g
Glutinous rice, 20g
Millet, 20g
Cornstarch, 15g
Rock candy, 10g
reparation : Decoct the Sichuan lovage and astra-
galus in 500m1 of water and boil down to 250m1 .
Strain off the liquid and discard the residue . ut the
glutinous rice, millet and coix seeds into the strained
decoction and add 250m1 of water . Bring to the boil
and simmer for 30 minutes until the congee is ready .
Add the cornstarch and cook for another 1-2 min-
utes before adding the rock candy and serving .
roperties : Acrid, slightly sweet, slightly bitter,
warm .
Channels entered : Spleen, Stomach and Liver .
Functions : Supplements Qi and consolidates the
exterior, fortifies the Spleen and nourishes the
Stomach .
Indications : Adverse side-effects caused by radio-
therapy and chemotherapy, including aplastic ane-
mia and leukopenia ; also helps control leukemia .
CHE 1 SUA ZH U (TA GERI E EEL LU HUI H
A D GARLIC C GEE) CHI ESE DATE C GEE)
Tangerine peel (Chen i, ericarpium Cirri Reticu-
latae), 5g
Glutinous rice, 25g
Garlic, 5g
Rock candy, l g
reparation: Crush the garlic cloves ; stir-fry the
tangerine peel and grind to a powder . Cover the
glutinous rice with 500m1 of water, bring to the boil
and simmer for 30 minutes . Add the garlic and tan-
gerine peel, and cook for another 5 minutes over a
low heat. Mix in the rock candy and serve .
roperties : Sweet, pungent, warm .
Channels entered : Spleen, Stomach and Liver .
Functions : Fortifies the Spleen and Stomach,
dredges the Liver, relieves the Toxicity of cancer .
Indications : Tumors of the digestive tract .
SA QI MAI LA ZH U ( T GI SE G
A D SESAME SEED C GEE)
otoginseng powder (San Qi Fen, ulvis Radicis
otoginseng), 3g
Black sesame seeds (Hei Zhi Ma, Semen Sesami In-
dici), 50g
Brown rice, 50g
Light wheat grain (Fu Xiao Mai, Fructus Tritici Aes-
tivi Levis), 50g
Brown sugar, 10g
reparation : ut the sesame seeds, brown rice and
wheat in 1500m1 of water, bring to the boil and
simmer for 30 minutes until the congee is ready.
Add the notoginseng powder and brown sugar
Bring back to the boil and serve.
roperties : Sweet, aromatic, acrid .
Channels entered: Spleen, Stomach and Heart .
Functions : Disperses swelling and dissipates Blood
stasis, dredges the Liver and regulates Qi, invigo-
rates the Blood, vanquishes Toxicity, and has
anti-cancer properties.
Indications : Low spirits, lack of strength and ema-
ciation in cancer patients, especially where the can-
cer has not metastasized.
G ZA0 ZH U (AL E A D
Aloe* (L-ii Hui, Herba Aloes), 100g
Rice, 50g
Chinese dates (Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae), 25g
owdered tangerine peel (Chen i, ericarpium Citri
Reticulatae), l g
reparation: ut the aloe in 500m1 of water, bring
quickly to the boil, then turn the heat down and

simmer for 10-20 minutes . Strain off the liquid and
discard the residue . Add the rice, dates and pow-
dered tangerine peel and simmer for 30 minutes
until the congee is ready.
roperties : Sweet, acrid, warm .
Channels entered: Liver, Spleen, Stomach, and
Kidney.
Functions : Enhances the immune system and has
anti-cancer properties .
Indications: oor appetite, low spirits and emacia-
tion in all types of cancer .
HAI DAI MAI LA ZH U (KEL A D
ATMEAL C GEE)
Kelp (Hai Dai, Laminaria Japonica), 50g
atmeal, 250g
Rock candy, I g
reparation: Cut the kelp into strips and cook in
1000ml of water until tender. Add the oatmeal and
continue cooking for 3-4 minutes. Stir in the rock
candy and serve .
roperties : Sweet, acrid, slightly salty.
Channels entered: Spleen and Stomach .
Functions : Softens hardness and dissipate lumps,
and has anti-cancer properties .
Indications : Esophageal cancer and other malig-
nant tumors .
BAI MA 1 E G ZA ZH U (CLIMBI G
IGHTSHADE A D CHI ESE DATE
C GEE)
Climbing nightshade (Bai Ying, Herba Solani
Lyrati), 30g
Brown rice, 20g
Millet, 20g
Coix seeds (Yi Yi Ren, Semen Coicis Lachryma-
jobi), 20g
Chinese dates (Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae),
10-20g
Cornstarch, 15g
reparation : Decoct the climbing nightshade in
500m1 of water and boil down to 300m1 . Strain off
the liquid and discard the residue. Add the brown
rice, millet, coix seeds, and dates, bring to the boil
and simmer for 30 minutes until the congee is ready.
DIET THERA Y 399
Stir in the cornstarch, bring back to the boil, and
serve. Eat every other day.
roperties : Sweet, slightly bitter, neutral .
Channels entered: Spleen and Lung.
Functions : Supplements the Middle Burner and
augments Qi, rejuvenates the body and extends
longevity.
Indications : Debilitated patients with malignant
tumors ; impairment of bodily functions caused by
radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
SA QI SHA ZHA ZH U ( T GI SE G
WDERA D HAWTH R C GEE)
Hawthorn fruit (Shan Zha, Fructus Crataegi), 15g
owdered notoginseng (San Qi Fen, ulvis Radicis
otoginseng), 3g
Rice, 30g
Light wheat grain (Fu Xiao Mai, Fructus Tritici Aes-
tivi Levis), 20g
Honey, l0ml
reparation: ut the hawthorn, rice and wheat in
1500m1 of water, bring to the boil and simmer for
30 minutes . Add the powdered notoginseng and
honey, bring back to the boil, and serve at breakfast .
roperties : Sweet, slightly bitter, sour, refreshing .
Channels entered: Spleen, Stomach and Heart .
Functions : Fortifies the Stomach and benefits the
Intestines, frees Blood stasis and has anti-cancer
properties .
Indications : Colorectal and stomach cancer.
EI JI JI LI ZH U (CHICKE GIZZARD
A D FLAT-STEM MILKI/ETCH SEED
C GEE)
Chicken gizzard (Ji ei fin, Endothelium Corneum
Gigeriae Galh), 5g
Flat-stem milkvetch seed (Sha Yuan Zi, Semen As-
tragali Complanati), 5g
Hawthorn kernel (Shan Zha He, Endocarpium et
Semen Crataegi), 5g
Rice, 20g
Millet, 20g
Sweet corn, 20g
reparation: Bake the chicken gizzard, milkvetch
seed and hawthorn kernel and grind into a fine
powder. ut the rice, millet and sweet corn into a
pot with 1500m1 of water, bring to the boil and
simmer for 40 minutes until the congee is ready .
Add the powdered chicken gizzard, milkvetch seed
and hawthorn kernel. Bring back to the boil and
divide into three portions .
roperties : Sour, slightly sweet, neutral .
Channels entered : Spleen and Stomach .
Functions : Disperses food and dissipates accumu-
lation, vanquishes Toxicity, and has anti-cancer
properties.
Indications : Indigestion, food accumulation, gas-
tric discomfort, acid regurgitation, and intercostal
pain due to masses in patients with stomach cancer .
LU SU ME D G ZH U (AS ARAGUS
A D LUCID AS ARAGUS R T C GEE)
Asparagus, 100g,
Lucid asparagus root (Tian Men Dong, Radix Aspar-
agi Cochinchinensis), 60g
Chinese dates (Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae),1 g
Rice, 25g
earl barley, 20g
Sweet corn, 20g
Millet, 20g
reparation: Cover all the ingredients with 1500m1
of water, bring to the boil and simmer for 30-40
minutes . Eat at breakfast .
roperties : Sweet, slightly bitter, warm, refreshing.
Channels entered: Spleen, Lung and Stomach .
Functions : Supports Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and has
anti-cancer properties .
Indications: Used as supplementary therapy for
breast cancer and cancers of the digestive tract .
MAI DISHES
Apart from beverages, soups and congees, other
cooked dishes can also form part of a diet designed
to provide additional nutrients. These dishes may be
based on meat, poultry, eggs, fish, dried fruits,
vegetables or fresh fruits . Cancer patients should eat
a diet rich in proteins and vitamins, with the dish
chosen taking the location and severity of the
tumor and the patient's general condition and most
important symptoms into consideration . As a gen-
eral principle, the food should be tasty in order to
stimulate the appetite as well as having a supple-
menting action to strengthen the body and inhibit
cancer.
XIA HE CA ZHI DU ZI JI (BABY CHICKE
SIEWED WITH HAIRY VEI AGRIM Y)
Hairy vein agrimony (Xian He Cao, Herba Agrimo-
niae ilosae), 100g
arrow-leaved rattlebox ( ong Ji Li, Herba Croto-
lariae,Sessiliflorae), 100g
Baby chicken, 1
Scallion, 50g
Garlic cloves, 50g
Cooking wine, 20-30m1
Chinese prickly ash (Hsra Jiao, ericarpium
Zanthoxyli),15g
Fresh ginger, 15g
Fennel seeds, 15g
Chicken stock cube
Salt, to taste
reparation: ut the agrimony and rattlebox in a
pot with 700m1 of water, bring quickly to the boil
and then simmer for one hour . Strain off the de-
coction and discard the residue . Clean out a baby
chicken, cut it into sections and add them to the
strained decoction with the scallion, garlic, cooking
wine, and a condiment ball" containing the prickly
ash, ginger and fennel seeds . Bring quickly to the
boil, then simmer until the chicken meat separates
from the bones. Remove the condiment ball, scal-
lion and garlic, season with the chicken stock cube
and salt, and serve .
roperties : Salty, sweet, cool .
Channels entered: Spleen, Stomach and Heart.
Functions : romotes hematopoiesis, softens hard-
ness, relieves Toxicity, and has anti-cancer proper-
ties.
Indications : Dizziness or Meniere's disease in can-
cer patients ; treatment of lung cancer .
YA W BA YU CHI (EDIBI .F BIRD'S EST
A D SHARK'S FI Sl EWI)
Shark's fin, 50g
Edible bird's nest, 2g
 DIET THERA Y 401

i order to Chicken breast, 150g reparation : Clean and wash the quails. Chop the
a supple- Lean pork, 150g fresh ginger and scallion very finely and mix with
ad inhibit Ham, 30g the salt, pepper and cooking wine . Spread the mix-
Scallion, 30g ture over the internal and external surfaces of the
Chinese prickly ash (Hua iao, ericarpium quails. lace two cordyceps in each quail as a stuff-
HICKE Zanthoxyli),15g ing. ut the quails in a porcelain casserole dish and
f Y) Fresh ginger, 15g steam over water for 40 minutes until the quails are
Fennel seeds, 5g thoroughly cooked . our the liquid that has col-
. Agrimo- Chicken stock cube lected in the casserole during steaming into another
Salt, to taste dish with the ginger and scallion ; add the cornstarch
:)a Croto- Coriander, 10g mixed with water and stir until thick . our the liquid
reparation: Boil the shark's fin in 100m1 of water, over the quails and serve . Eat once a day for 5 days .
remove the bones and steam for 2 hours . Soak the roperties : Salty, sweet, acrid, warm .
edible bird's nest in warm water, remove any stray Channels entered : Spleen, Stomach and Lung.
objects, and steam for 30 minutes. Cut the chicken Functions : Supplements Deficiency and strength-
breast, pork and ham into small cubes and cut the ens the body, vanquishes Toxicity, and inhibits can-
ricarpium scallion into sections. ut the meat, scallion and a cer.
condiment ball° containing the prickly ash, fresh Indications : Stops coughing, calms wheezing,
ginger and fennel seeds in 400m1 of water and cook eliminates chronic cough due to overexertion, and
until the meat is tender. Remove the condiment ball stops blood-streaked phlegm in patients with ma-
and scallion, add the bird's nest and shark's fin and lignant tumors, especially primary or metastatic lung
stew over a low heat for 20 minutes . Season with cancer; also alleviates symptoms such as aching and
.box in a the chicken stock cube, salt and coriander, and limpness in the lower back and knees, debility and
> the boil serve. poor appetite.
fthe de- roperties : Sweet, salty, aromatic, warm .
it a baby Channels entered: Liver, Spleen, Stomach, Heart,
m to the and Kidney. CH G CA SHE YA (DUCK STEAMED
, cooking Functions : Augments Qi, increases the appetite, WITH C RDYCE S A D GI SE G)
ie prickly supplements the Zang organs, and has anti-cancer Duck, small
ly to the properties. Cordyceps (Dong Chong Xia Cao, Cordyceps Sinen-
separates Indications : Enhances the immune function in sis), 2 pieces
ball, scal- patients with malignant tumors, and aids recovery
Ginseng (Ken Shen, Radix Ginseng), 5g
ock cube from surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy . Cooking wine, 20m1
Fresh ginger, 10g
CH G CA ZHE G A CHU `QUAILS Scallion, l0g
.ears STEAMED WITH C RDYCE S)
ins hard- Cornstarch, 15g
Quails, 5 Salt, 2 teaspoons
r proper-
Cordyceps (Doug Chong Xia Cao, Cordyceps Sinen- epper, 1 teaspoon
;e in can- sis), 10 pieces Cooking wine, 20m1
Cooking wine, 20m1 reparation: repare as for Chong Cao Zheng An
Fresh ginger, 10g Chun (Quails Steamed with Cordyceps), except that
Scallion, l0g the duck stuffing consists of two cordyceps and the
'S EST ginseng.
Cornstarch, 15g
Salt, 2 teaspoons roperties : Sweet, salty, warm.
epper, 1 teaspoon Channels entered: Spleen, Stomach, Lung, and
Cooking wine, 20m1 Liver.
402 MA AGEME T F CA CER

Functions : Strengthens Yang, vanquishes Toxicity, Fresh ginger, 15g

supplements the body, enhances the immune sys- Fennel seeds, 10g
tem, and has anti-cancer properties . Lotus root starch or water chestnut starch, 15g
Indications : Anemia, emaciation and , debility , in Chicken stock cube
cachectic cancer patients . Salt, to taste
reparation: Clean out and wash the eel and cut
SHE QI JI (CHICKE WITH C D SIS into sections. ut in a pot with the cordyceps, scal-
A D ASTRAGALUS) lion, and a condiment ball ° containing the prickly
Black-boned chicken, 1 ash, sliced ginger and fennel seeds . Cover with
Astragalus root (HuangQi, Radix Astragali seu He- 400m1 ofwater, bring to the boil and simmer until
dysari),10-30g the eel is thoroughly cooked and the cordyceps sof-
Codonopsis root (bang Shen, Radix Codonopsitis tened . Meanwhile, peel and dice the carrot and dice
ilosulae), 20g the green pepper and bamboo shoots. Remove the
Scallion, 20g condiment ball and scallion . Add the carrot, green
Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao, ericarpium pepper and bamboo shoots, and cook for 2-5 min-
Zanthoxyli), 15g utes until the vegetables are soft . Add the starch
Fresh ginger, 15g blended with water, season with the chicken stock
Fennel seeds, 5g cube and salt, and serve .
Chicken stock cube roperties: Sweet, salty, warm .
Salt, to taste_, Channels entered: Spleen, Stomach, Kidne\
reparation: Clean and wash the chicken and put Lung.
in a pot with the astragalus, codonopsis, scallion,
Functions : Supplements Qi, vanquishes Toxicity
and a condiment ball" containing the prickly ash,
sliced ginger and fennel seeds . Add 500m1 of water, and inhibits tumors.
bring to the boil, and simmer until the chicken is Indications : Weak constitution, cough and cachexia
thoroughly cooked . Remove the condiment ball and in patients with malignant tumors ; especially effective
scallion, season with the chicken stock cube' and salt, in treating the Lungs and Kidneys by moistening the
and serve . Lungs and stopping coughing, benefiting the move-
roperties : Sweet, salty, aromatic, warm. ment of water and dispersing swelling.
Channels entered: Spleen, Stomach, Heart, and
Lung, FE MI ZHE G BAI HE (LILY BULB
Functions : Supplements riginal Qi (Yuan Qi), STEAMED II7TH H EY)
fortifies the Spleen, supplements the Lungs, nour-
ishes Yin, and abates fever to inhibit cancer . Fresh lily bulb (Bai He, Bulbus T .ilii),120g
Indications: All types of malignant tumors . Honey, 30m1
phiopogon root (Mai Men Dong, Radix phiopo-
CH G CA HUA G SHE (FRESHWAI ER gonis Japonici), 1 g
EEL WITH C RDYCE S) Licorice root (Gan Cao, Radix Glycyrrhizae), 5g
Chinese date (Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae g
Freshwater eel, 1 reparation : ut all the ingredients into the top
Cordyceps (Doug Chong Xia Cao, Cordyceps Sinen-
sis), log compartment of a steamer . Steam for 30 minutes
Scallion, 30g until the lily bulb is thoroughly cooked . Eat the lily
Carrot, 20g bulbs and drink the juice that has collected, once a
Green pepper, 20g day.
Bamboo shoot, 20g roperties: Sweet, aromatic, neutral, cool, refresh-
Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao, ericarpium ing.
Zanthoxyli), I g Functions: Supplements the Spleen, moistens the
 DIET THERA Y 403

Lungs, vanquishes Toxicity, and has anti-cancer QI G UQI HAI SHE (SEA CUCUMBER
properties . C KED WITH AS-1 HA GAL, US A D
15g Indications : Can be used for malignant lung tu- W LFBERRY)
mors since it benefits the throat, clears Dryness, Sea cucumber, 200g
moistens the Lungs and transforms hlegm ; can Astragalus root (Huang Qi, Radix Astragali seu He-
1 and cut also alleviate the symptoms of radiation stomatitis, dysari), 30g
:eps, scal- pharyngitis, laryngitis, and esophagitis after radio- Wolfberry (GouQi Zi, Fructus Lycii), 20g
ie prickly therapy in these areas. Fresh ginger, 5g
>ver with Bamboo shoots, 15g
mer until Shiitake mushrooms, 20g
CHE I IU R U (BEEF WITH TA GER-
-ceps sof- Carrots, 20g
I E EEL)
and dice Celery, 20g
move the Tangerine peel (Chen i, ericarpium Citri Reticu- Cornstarch, 10g
'ot, green latae), 5g Scallion, l0g
2-5 min- Garlic, l0g
Amomum fruit (Sha Ben, Fructus Amomi), 10g
he starch Coriander, 10g
Beef, 500-1000g Chicken stock cube
,,en stock Fresh ginger, 15g Vegetable oil, 15m1
Scallion, 30g Salt, to taste
Cassia bark (Rou Gui, Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae), 3g reparation : Soak the prepared sea cucumber in
Iney, and Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao, ericarpium water for 30 minutes and rinse . Chop the ginger
Zanthoxyli),10g finely and stir-fry in the oil . Add the sea cucumber,
Toxicity astragalus and wolfberry, followed by the water .
Fennel seeds, 3g
Salt, to taste Bring quickly to the boil, then simmer until the sea
. cachexia cucumber is soft . Meanwhile dice the bamboo
Lotus root starch, 10g
effective shoots, mushrooms, carrots, and celery. nce the
ening the reparation: ut the beef in a pot with the tanger-
ine peel, amomum fruit, sliced ginger, scallion, and a sea cucumber is ready, add the vegetables to the pot
he move- and cook for 5 minutes . Then add the shredded
condiment ball' containing the prickly ash, cassia scallion, chopped garlic and the coriander . Season
bark and fennel seeds. Cover with 1500m1 of water, with the chicken stock cube and salt, and serve.
bring quickly to the boil and then simmer for at roperties : Sweet, slightly salty, warm, refreshing .
least one hour until the beef is cooked . Take out the Channels entered: Spleen, Stomach, Heart, Liver,
beef and cut it into slices . Strain off the stock and and Kidney.
remove the residue . Bring it back to the boil, add Functions : Supplements the Middle Burner and
the beef and season with salt . Blend the lotus root augments Qi, strengthens the body and has
)phiopo- starch with water, pour the thick juice slowly over anti-cancer properties .
the beef, and serve. repare twice a week, if possi- Indications : Has a supplementing effect and can
), 5g ble. extend the survival period in patients with lym-
Rae), 5g phoma, leukemia, metastasized breast cancer and
roperties : Sweet, salty, aromatic, acrid, warm .
the top other malignant tumors, especially those with
Channels entered : Spleen, Stomach and Liver.
minutes cachexia and emaciation.
Functions : Supplements the Middle Burner and
it the lily augments Qi, vanquishes Toxicity, and has
:1, once a ZHI MU DU IU R U (BEEF STEWED
anti-cancer properties .
WITH A EMARRHE A)
Indications : Lack of appetite, emaciation and
, refresh-
cachexia as a result of tumors of the digestive tract Anemarrhena rhizome (Zhi Mu, Rhizoma Anemar-
or various malignant tumors . rhenae Asphodeloidis), 50g
stens the
Beef, 200g slices and shred the remainder ; cut the ginseng into
Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao, ericarpium slices, the bean curd into cubes, and the scallion and
Zanthoxyli), l g red pepper into shreds. ut the fish in 500ml of
Fresh ginger, 15g cold water and add the ginseng, sliced ginger, 30g
Fennel seeds, 5g of the scallion, the cooking wine and the white
Scallion, 10g sugar. Bring to a rolling boil, then turn the heat
nion, 20g down and simmer for 10 minutes. Add the bean
Coriander, 10g curd and continue simmering until the fish (includ-
Beef stock cube ing the head) is completely cooked . Add the two
Salt, to taste segments of shaddock and the pepper, boil for an-
reparation : Slice the ginger and cut the scallion other minute, and season with salt . Sprinkle the
and onion into shreds. ut the beef, anemarrhena coriander and the shredded scallion, ginger and red
and a condiment ball° containing the prickly ash, pepper over the fish, dribble over the sesame oil,
sliced ginger and fennel seeds in 400m1 of water. and serve .
Bring to the boil, and then simmer over a low heat roperties : Sweet, salty; bland, warm .
until the beef is tender. Remove the condiment ball, Channels entered : Spleen, Stomach, Heart, and
add the coriander and the shredded scallion and Kidney.
onion. Season with the beef stock cube and salt, Functions : Greatly supplements and strengthens
and serve. Yang, and has anti-cancer properties .
roperties : Sweet, salty, warm . Indications : Cachexia, anemia and debility in
Channels entered: Spleen, Stomach and Lung. patients with malignant tumors ; also to reduce the
Functions : Strengthens Yang and supplements Qi, side-effects of surgery, radiotherapy and chemo-
vanquishes Toxicity and has anti-cancer properties . therapy.
Indications: Early stages of lung, stomach and
liver cancer; also limits the extent of leukopenia and ZHI MU DA G GUI JI DA (EGG C KED
erythropenia caused by chemotherapy. WITH A EMARRHE A A D CHI ESE
A GELICA)
KE SHE DIA YU DU D U FU (BEA
CURD SIEVED KITH GI SE G A D Anemarrhena (Zhi Mu, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
RGY) Asphodeloidis), 60g
Chinese angelica root (Dang Gui, Radix Angelicae
Ginseng (Ren Shen, Radix Ginseng), 5g Sinensis), 35g
orgy, 750g Eggs, 6
Bean curd, 25g Green tea leaves, 6g
Fresh ginger, 20g Soy sauce, 120ml
Scallion, 35g reparation: ut the eggs in 400ml of cold water
Shaddock, 2 segments with the anemarrhena and angelica, bring to the boil
Coriander, 10g and cook for 10 minutes . eel the eggs and cook
Red pepper 10g them with the tea leaves and soy sauce for 5 min-
Sesame oil, 2-3 drops utes or until the liquid is almost evaporated . Eat two
Cooking wine, 20m1 eggs a day at breakfast .
White sugar, 5g roperties : Sweet, salty; warm, neutral .
epper, 10g Channels entered: Spleen, Stomach, Heart, and
Salt, to taste Kidney.
reparation : Clean out and wash the porgy (in- Functions : Supplements Deficiency; strengthens
cluding the head). Sprinkle salt over the fish and Yang and has anti-cancer properties.
scald it in boiling water . Cut 15g of the ginger into Indications : Hypoproteinemia in cancer patients ;
 DIET THERA Y 405

.seng into and recovery of strength after surgery, radiotherapy Indications : Stomach and liver cancer, pleural ef-
allion and and chemotherapy. fusion and ascites as complications of cancer; in-
300m1 of somnia and poor appetite ; can also be served as a
nger, 30g supplementing food for all types of cancer .
FU LI E BA ZI ( RIA-STUFFED BU )
:he white
the heat owdered Chinese yam (Shan Yao, Rhizoma Dio- SU SHA CAI (STIRFRIED VEGETAB LE S)
the bean scoreae ppositae), 100g
h (includ- owdered poria (Fu Ling, Sclerotium oriae Co- Mushrooms, 20g
l the two cos), l g Carrots, 20g
)il for an- Self-raising flour, 200g Bamboo shoots, 20g
inkle the Chicken breast, 200g Celery, 20g
r and red Bamboo shoots, 300g Eggplant (aubergine), 20g
:same oil, Shiitake mushrooms, 20g Vegetable oil, 20m1
Fresh ginger, log Salt, to taste
Scallion, log reparation: Dice the mushrooms, carrot, bamboo
eart, and epper, 5g shoots, celery and eggplant and stir-fry for 2 min-
Vegetable oil, 30m1 utes in a wok. Add 50m1 of water and cook until
rengthens Egg, 1 the vegetables are tender. Season with sesame oil
Salt, to taste and salt, and serve.
ability in reparation: Soak the powdered Chinese yam and roperties : Sweet, salty, acrid, warm .
educe the poria in 150-200m1 of water until they form a paste . Channels entered : Spleen, Stomach and Gallblad-
I chemo- Steam for 30 minutes, mix with the flour and knead der.
Functions : Strengthens Yang, disperses food
to form a dough for the buns . Leave for one hour
accumulation, eliminates irritability, and alleviates
in a warm place to allow the dough to rise a little .
Mince the chicken breast, squeeze the juice out of thirst .
; KED Indications : Supplements proteins in cancer
HI ESE the mushrooms, and finely chop the ginger and
patients with cachexia ; also suitable for dyspepsia,
scallion . Make the filling by thoroughly mixing the
in estion and other side-effects in the oral cavity
minced (ground) chicken, bamboo shoots, mush- and digestive tract during radiotherapy.
larrhenae rooms, ginger, scallion, pepper, vegetable oil, and
egg. Make the buns by forming the dough into a
Angelicae sausage shape about 50cm long and 2cm wide ; HUA GJI G SHA YA D U JI KUAI
divide the dough into 20-25 portions with a sharp (CHICKE S1 :EWED WITH SIBERIA
knife . lace each portion on a well-floured board S L M 'S SEAL RHIZ ME A D
and roll into a circle about 10cm in diameter (the CHI ESE YAM)
center should be thicker than the edges) . lace the Siberian Solomon's seal rhizome (Huang Jing, Rhi-
old water filling in the center of the circle and draw the dough zoma olygonati), 20g
o the boil up around it in pleats; pinch the pleats to close the Chinese yam (Shan Yao, Rhizoma Dioscoreae p-
and cook bun. Steam the buns for 30 minutes and serve. positae), 150g
:)r 5 min- roperties : Sweet, tender, aromatic, warm . Chicken breast, 500g
1 . Eat two Channels entered: Spleen, Stomach, Heart, and Shiitake mushrooms, 50g
Kidney. Cooking wine, 20m1
Functions : Supplements the Middle Burner and Sugar, log
eart, and augments Qi, vanquishes Toxicity and has Garlic cloves, 10
anti-cancer properties ; also enhances the immune Scallion, 30g
rengthens system, percolates Dampness and benefits the Fresh ginger, 20g
movement of water, boosts the Spleen and harmo- Chinese prickly ash (Hua iao, ericarpium
patients ; nizes the Stomach, and quiets the Heart and Spirit . Zanthoxyli), 15g
406 MA AGEME T F CA CER
Chicken stock cube
Salt, to taste
reparation : Cut the Solomon's seal rhizome, Chi-
nese yam and chicken breast into chunks and put
into a pot with 500m1 of water. Add the mush-
rooms, cooking wine, sugar, fresh ginger slices, gar-
lic, scallion, and prickly ash, bring to the boil, and
then simmer until the chicken is tender and the
stock has concentrated . Season with the chicken
stock cube and salt, and serve .
roperties : Sweet, bland, salty, slightly acrid, warm .
Channels entered : Spleen, Stomach, Heart, Kidney,
and Liver.
Functions : Siberian Solomon's seal rhizome, Chi-
nese yam, chicken, and shiitake mushrooms
strengthen Yang and inhibit cancer .
Indications : Deficiency patterns in cancer patients
manifesting as cachexia, poor appetite and lack of
strength .
SHA ZHA DU SH U R U (HAWTH R
FRUIT S hWED WITH RK)
ork, 200g
Hawthorn fruit (Shan Zha, Fructus Crataegi), 15g
Fresh ginger, 1 g
Cassia bark (Rou Gui, Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae), 3g
Salt, to taste
reparation: Cut the pork into shreds and put in a
pot with 1500m1 of water. Add the ginger and cas-
sia bark, bring to the boil, then simmer for one hour .
Add the hawthorn fruit and simmer for another
hour until the meat is tender . Season with salt and
serve .
roperties : Sour, sweet, slightly warm .
Functions: Increases the appetite and supplements
the Blood .
Indications : oor appetite and decrease in periph-
eral blood count after chemotherapy.
Special note on ingredients
The recipes above are a selection from those com-
monly used in China as part of diet therapy in the
management of cancer . To a certain extent, this
selection is governed by those ingredients that are
available outside China . What were "exotic" foods a
few years ago are often readily available now in local
supermarkets, although some are still only likely to
be found in Chinese grocery stores, some of whom
will operate a mail order or Internet ordering service .
Some of the less common Chinese ingredients
are listed below as an aid to identification and
preparation (further information should be available
in any good Chinese cookery book) .
Bitter gourd
art of the marrow family and similar in size and
shape to courgettes (zucchini), although more wrin-
kled, this vegetable is as bitter as its name would
suggest. The bitterness can be alleviated somewhat
by parboiling or soaking in salt water .
Day-lily buds
Also known as Tiger Lily buds or golden needles .
Sold in dried form, they should be soaked in warm
water for 10-20 minutes and the hard stems re-
moved . They are often used in combination with
jelly fungus.
Jellyfish
Salted jellyfish can usually be found in Chinese food
stores in flat sheets. our boiling water over them
and leave to soak in cold water for three days,
changing the water every day. Cut into shreds before
cooking.
Jelly fungus
Two varieties of jelly fungus are included in the
recipes above - yellow jelly fungus (bai mu er or yin
er), also known as silver wood ears, and black jelly
fungus (hei mu er), also known as wood ears or black
fungus. Both types should be soaked in warm water
for 30 minutes, rinsed well and any hard pieces re-
moved before cooking .
Lotus root
Fresh lotus roots are crisp and white in the inside
with a pattern of holes . These roots should be
peeled and sliced before cooking . They should be
available at Asian grocery stores .


DIET THERA Y 407

:" foods a Lotus root starch or water chestnut starch natans) with four-pronged edible nutlike fruits . If
-w in local In China, there are many types of flours and not available in Chinese grocery stores, fresh
y likely to starches that are used to thicken sauces and soups, Chinese water chestnuts can be substituted .
of whom of which lotus root starch and water chestnut starch
g service. are two of the most common . If not available in Water chestnut
igredients Chinese grocery stores, cornstarch is a good substi- Water chestnuts (Ekocharis tuberosa) are not actually
ition and tute. part of the chestnut family. A sweet root vegetable
available about the size of a walnut, they grow under water in
Sea cucumbers the mud. Fresh water chestnuts are usually available
Good-quality sea cucumbers resemble hard black in Chinese grocery stores ; they should be rinsed and
gherkins. They should be soaked in cold water for peeled before use . They have a much crunchier
size and three days with frequent changes of water and then texture and sweeter taste than tinned water chest-
l ore wrin- boiled in fresh water for 20 minutes before being nuts.
ne would scrubbed inside and outside to remove extraneous
somewhat matter. Use as directed in the recipe . White radish (moot)
Although white radishes can be small, the variety
Water caltrop most commonly found in China and used in these
Also known as horn nut, this is often known as recipes will be approximately 20-30cm (8-12 inches)
i needles . water chestnut in certain parts of South and East long, resembling a large, thick white carrot, but with
. in warm Asia . Water caltrop is a floating aquatic plant (Trapa a much sharper taste .
stems re-
tion with
otes

i. For this reason, the designation of materia medica
has been changed slightly from that used in the
lese food other chapters of this book . Where foods are
ver them generally widely available with a common English
ree days, name, that name has been used in the text; where
ds before ingredients are known more as materia medica
than food, the pinyin and Latin name has been
added. It is reasoned that in these instances, the
patient may have to rely on the practitioner to sup-
ply the ingredient, whereas more common ingre-
dients can be bought in local stores .
A condiment ball is a small stainless steel sphere
with a number of tiny holes to allow the flavor of
the herbs to be absorbed by the cooking liquid ;
alternatively, the ingredients can be wrapped in
cheesecloth .

:d in the References
e er or yin
slack jelly 1. Wang Yusheng et al., Zbong Yao Yao Li Yu Ying Yong for Supplementing the Blood], Zhong Guo Zhong
or black [ harmacology and Application of Chinese Materia Yao Za Zhi [Journal of Chinese Materia Medica]
rm water Medical (Beijing. eople's Medical ublishing House, 19,1 (1994) : 43-45 .
)ieces re- 1998),18 . 5. Wang Yusheng et al., Zhong Yao Yao Li Yu Ying Yong,
2. Wang Yusheng et al ., Zhong Yao Yao Li Yu Ying Yong, 614 .
983 . 6. Wang Yusheng et al., Zhong Yao Yao Li Yu Ying Yong,
3. Wang Yusheng et al ., Zhong Yao Yao Li Yu Ying Yong, 763 .
441 . 7. Liu Junian et al., "The Effect of the olysaccharides
he inside
4. Chen Yuchun et al ., Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang Bu Xue Contained in Gou Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii) on the Im-
iould be
Zuo Yong Ji Li De Tan Tao [Discussion of the Mecha- mune Function in atients Receiving Radiotherapy
hould be
nism of the Blood-Supplementing Effect of Dang for Malignant Tumors", Zhong Hua Fang She Yi Xue
Gui Bu Xue Tang (Chinese Angelica Root Decoction Yu Fang Hu Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Radiation
 Medicine and Radiation rotection] 16, 1 (1996) :
18-19 .
8 . Mei Jinxi et al ., Xian' Dai Zhong Yao Yao Li Shou Ce
[Manual of harmacology of Current Chinese Mate-
ria Medica] (Beijing : Traditional Chinese Medicine
ublishing House, 1998), 563 .
9 . Mei Jinxi et al., Xian Dai Zhong Yao Yao Li Shou Ce,
574 .
10 . Mei Jinxi et al., Xian Dai Zhong Yao Yao Li Shou Ce,
582 .
11 . Lei Zaiquan and Zhang Tingmo, Zhong Hua Lin
Chuang Zhong Yao Xue [Chinese Clinical Materia
Medica] (Beijing: eople's Medical ublishing House,
1998), 1807 .
12 . Wang Yusheng et al ., Zhong Yao Yao Li Yu Ying Yong,
146 .
13 . Lei Zaiquan and Zhang Tingmo, Zhong Hua Liz
Chuang Zhong Yao Xue, 1808.
14 . Wang Yusheng et al ., Zhong Yao Yao Li Yu Ying Yong,
273.
15 . Wang Yusheng et al ., Zhong Yao Yao Li Yu Ying Yong,
319.
16. Wang Yusheng et al., Zhong Iao Yao Li Yu Ying Yong,
522 .
17 . Wang Yusheng et al., Zhong Yao Yao Li Yu Ying Yong,
312 .
18 . Wang Yusheng e t al., Zhong Yao Yao Li Yu Ying Yong,
1078 .
19 . Mei Jinxi et al ., Xian Dai Zhong Yao Yao Li Shou Ce,
350.
20. Wang Yusheng et al., Zhong Yao Yao Li Yu Ying Yong,
105 .
21 . Wang Yusheng et al., Zhong Yao Yao Li Yu Ying Yong,
685 .
22 . Wang Yusheng et al ., Zhong Yao I ao Lz Yu Ying Tong,
740 .
23. Li eiwen, E Xing Zhong Liu De Shu Hou Zhi Liao
[ ostoperative Treatment of Malignant Tumors]
(Beijing: eople's Medical ublishing House, 2002),
166 .
24. Wang Yusheng et al ., Zhong Yao Yao Li Yu Ying Yong,
1182 .
Ying Yong,

YingYong,
Chapter 8
Ying Yong,

i Shou Ce,

Ying Yong,

Ying Yong,
Chinese medicine and
Ying Yong,

i Zhi Uao t management o cancer

Tumors]
ise, 2002),

Ying Yong,
'Clinica experience and
case studies

Nasopharyngeal cancer 4 1
Esophageai cancer 425
Breast cancer 435
Lung cancer 449
Liver cancer
Stomach cancer 483
Colorectal cancer 501
Ovarian cancer '513 :
Cervical cancer 523
Bladder cancer 531
Prostate cancer 539
 60 gener role
st p
numin the
f with
fromtothe
to
metnose
the mor nose the Epstein-B
gre long
to
into
the
perio
tre
West

Nasopharyngeal cancer

Nasopharyngeal cancer is a malignant tumor involving the upper part of the ph rynx, the
n soph rynge l region . Although rel tively r re in Western ountries, it o urs mu h more
frequently in those n tive to E st Asi n ountries . It r nks eighth mong e ths from n-
er in Chin . It is lso more ommon mong Chinese who h ve emigr te
th n in the in igenous popul tion, lthough there is evi en e th t in i en e e lines from
the se on tion.
N soph rynge l n er ffe ts men two to three times more often th n women. Al-
though this n er m y o ur in young people, pe k in i en e is between the ges of 40
n . Met st sis to region l lymph no es in the ne k is frequent .
Risks re losely sso i te l ohol n ig rettes, n rr virus is lso
thought to pl y evelopment of the ise se .
TCM oes not re ognize this ise se s su h n , epen ing on its symptoms, it n e
l ssifie s i nil (nose lee ), hen tou tong (true, or intoler le, he he), sh ng . hi ju (upper
o y stone s ess, norm lly rel te st ti n er of the ervi l lymph no es), i phi
(n s l polyp), shi Tong (loss-of-luxuri n e, or m lign nt tumor of the ervi l lymph no es),
or shi qi ( ou le vision) .

Clini l m nifest tions

• The first noti e le symptom is usu lly persistent lo k ge of the nose or Eust hi n
tu es. If the Eust hi n tu e is lo ke , flui y umul te in the mi le e r.
• Dis h rge of pus n loo lee s m y lso o ur.
• N soph rynge l n er m y spre ervi l lymph no es.

Etiology n thology

Exu er n e n gn tion of He t Toxins

When the six p thogeni tors inv e the Lungs n umul te there for ,

Note: This h pter is usses the m in tre tment prin iples for m ny of the most ommon types
of soli -tumor n ers n es ri es how Chinese me i ine n est e integr te t-
ment str tegy for these n ers . It lso ro ens the outlook to in lu e lini l experien es n
se stu ies from er of le ing TCM o tors in Chin , thus offering ter insight into
the Chinese me i ine ppro h to e ling with n er.


they will eventu lly tr nsform into He t n imp ir
the Lungs' fun tion of iffusing Qi, resulting in
exu er nt He t in the Upper Burner . Exu er nt
He t uses Bloo to move outsi e the h nnels,
m nifesting s nose lee s, sin e the Lungs open
into the nose .
ull or h s purple st sis m rks ; the tongue o ting is
yellow or white; the pulse is wiry or rough .
Tre tment prin iple
Dre ge the Liver n relieve Depression, isperse
swelling n issip te in ing (referring here to the
onge ling n st gn tion of Qi n Bloo ) .

Conge ling n st gn tion of Qi n Bloo Pres ription

Emotion l iss tisf tion uses Depression n JIA WEI XIAO YAO SAN JIA JIAN
in ing of Liver Qi n f ilure of the Liver's re g- Augmente Free W n erer Pow er, with mo ifi -
ing n r ining fun tion, le ing to non- iffusion tions
of Qi n thus to onge ling n st gn tion of Qi
n Bloo . He he will o ur when there is Mu D n Pi (Cortex Mout n R i is) 30g
s en ing ounterflow of Liver Qi . Liver Depres- Ch o hi i (Fru tus G r eni e J sminoi is, stir-
sion will result in He t Toxins th t n s en long frie ) 1Og
the G ll l er h nnel ; when om ine with Ch i Hu (R ix Bupleuri) 6g
s en ing ounterflow of Liver Qi, this will le to Chi Sh o (R ix P eoni e Ru r ) 15g
tinnitus n e fness. Long D n C o (R ix Genti n e S r e) 1 Og
Xi Ku C o (Spi Prunell e Vulg ris) 20g
D n Shen (R ix S lvi e Miltiorrhiz e) 30g
Bin ing of Phlegm-He t
B i M o Gen (Rhizom Imper t e Cylin ri e) 30g
Constr ine Liver Qi n Liver-Spleen ish rmony
Xi n He C o (Her Agrimoni e Pilos e) 30g
imp ir the Spleen's fun tion of tr nsport tion n
Y'u fin (R ix Cur um e) 1 Og
tr nsform tion . W ter n D mpness olle t inter-
C ng Er i (Fru tus X nthii Si iri i) 1Og
n lly, resulting in the gener tion of Phlegm-tur i ity, B i Hu She She C o (Her He yoti is
whi h o stru ts the h nnels n network vessels, Diffus e) 30g
fights with He t Toxins n follows Bloo st sis
n Qi st gn tion . Prolonge in ing of Phlegm
n He t is ret ine in the Sh oy ng h nnel n Expl n tion
olle ts intern lly in the orifi e of the Lungs to • Ch i Hu (R ix Bupleuri), Xi Ku C o (Spi
pro u e m lign nt flesh . Prunell e Vulg ris), Yu fin (R ix Cur um e),
n Ch o hi i (Fru tus G r eni e J sminoi is,
stir-frie ) le r He t n re ge the Liver.
P ttern i entifi tion n Chi Sh o (R ix P eoni e Ru r ), Mu D n Pi
(Cortex Mout n R i is) n D n Shen (R ix
tre tment prin iples S lvi e Miltiorrhiz e) le r Liver-Fire n in-
vigor te the Bloo .
Long D n C o (R ix Genti n e S r e) ries
D mpness n le rs He t from the Liver n
CONGEALING AND STAGNATION OF QI G ll l er.
AND BLOOD DUE TO LIVER DEPRESSION • B i M o Gen (Rhizom Imper t e Cylin ri e)
INVADING THE LUNGS n Xi n He C o (Her Agrimoni e Pilos e)
ool the Bloo n stop lee ing.
M in symptoms n signs • C ng Er i (Fru tus X nthii Si iri i) opens the
Bloo y n s l is h rge, istension n oppression n s l p ss gew ys .
in the inner e r, he he, izziness, irrit ility ue B i Hu She She C o (Her He yoti is Diffus e)
to He t, istension n p in in the hest n hypo- le rs He t, relieves Toxi ity n h s nti- n er
hon rium, n onstip tion . The tongue o y is properties .

o ting is ACCUMULATED HEAT IN THE LUNGS
SCORCHING BODY FLUIDS TO FORM
PHLEGM
, isperse
M in symptoms n signs
ire to the Bloo y n s l is h rge, n s l ongestion n
i) .
lo ke nose, oughing with phlegm, oppression in
the hest n shortness of re th, he vy he n n tr nsform Phlegm .
he he, p lpit tions, n use , poor ppetite, n
mo ifi - loose stools . The tongue o y is ull with thi k
n gre sy o ting; the pulse is wiry n r pi .
Tre tment prin iple
Cle r He t in the Lungs n tr nsform tur i ity,
s, stir-
fortify the Spleen n isperse Phlegm .
Pres ription
QING QI HUA TAN WAN JIA JIAN
}g
Pill for Cle ring Qi n Tr nsforming Phlegm, with
mo ifi tions
Chen Pi (Peri rpium Citri Reti ul t e) 1 Og
Qing Pi (Peri rpium Citri Reti ul t e Viri e) I Og
Xing Ken (Semen Pruni Armeni e) 1 Og
Hu ngQin (R ix S utell ri e B i lensis) 12g
Gu Lou Ren (Semen Tri hos nthis) 20g
D n N n Xing* (Pulvis Aris em tis um Felle
Bovis) 10g
F B n Xi (Rhizom Pinelli e Tern t e Pr ep -
r t ) 1 Og
hu Ling (S lerotium Polypori Um ell ti) 30g
Tu Fu ing (Rhizom Smil is Gl r e) 30g
Tu Bei Mu (Tu er Bol ostemm tis) 30g
Xi o Ji (Her Ceph l noploris seu Cirsii) 30g
Gou . Teng (R mulus Un ri e um Un is) 15g
Shi Sh ng B i (Her Sel ginell e Doe erleinii) 30g
Xin Yi Hu (Flos M gnoli e) l Og, wr ppe
Expl n tion
• D n N n Xing$ (Pulvis Aris em tis um Felle
Bovis) strongly le rs lo k ge use
Phlegm-He t. 4,
• Xing Ken (Semen Pruni Armeni e), Chen Pi
(Peri rpium Citri Reti ul t e) n Qing Pi
(Peri rpium Citri Reti ul t e Viri e) regul te Qi
to ssist the ispersion of Phlegm.
• Hu ng Qin (R ix S utell ri e B i lensis) n
NASOPHARYNGEAL CANCER 413
Gu Lou Ren (Semen Tri hos nthis) r in
Lung-Fire, le r He t n tr nsform Phlegm.
F B n Xi (Rhizom Pinelli e Tern t e Pr ep
rt) n hu Ling (S lerotium Polypori Um el-
l ti) ry D mpness n tr nsform Phlegm .
Tu Fu Ling (Rhizom Smil is Gl r e) n Tu
Bei Mu (Tu er Bol ostemm tis) relieve Toxi ity
Xi o Ji (Her Ceph l noploris seu Cirsii) ools
the Bloo n relieves Toxi ity.
• Xin Yi Hu (Flos M gnoli e) rom ti lly opens
the orifi es to tre t he he.
• Gou Teng (R mulus Un ri e um Un is) le rs
He t n gui es Qi ownw r .
• Shi Sh ng B i (Her Sel ginell e Doe erleinii)
le rs He t, relieves Toxi ity n h s nti- n er
properties.
PATHOGENIC WIND-HEAT TOXINS
ACCUMULATING IN THE ANG-FU
ORGANS AND BLOCKING THE LUNG
NETWORK VESSELS
M in symptoms n signs
He he n izziness, lurre vision, f i l
p r lysis in severe ses, n s l ongestion n nose-
lee , itter t ste in the mouth n ry thro t,
irrit ility, insomni , oughing of thi k phlegm, n
ti l re ening of the heeks. The tongue o y is
re or rimson with yellow o ting; the pulse is
wiry n r pi .
Tre tment prin iple
Cool the Bloo , extinguish Win n le r He t
from the Lungs .
Pres ription
LING JIAO GOU TENG TANG JIA JIAN
Antelope Horn n Un ri De o tion, with
mo ifi tions
y
Ling Y ng Ji ot (Cornu Antelopis) 10g, ooke for
two hours efore ing the other ingre ients
S ng Ye (Folium Mori Al e) 10g
Chu n Bei Mu (Bul us Fritill ri e Cirrhos e) 10g
Sh ng Di Hu ng (R ix Rehm nni e Glutinos e) 15g
Gou Teng (R mulus Un ri e um Un is) 20g

414 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Ju Hu (Flos Chrys nthemi Morifolii) 20g
B i Sh o (R ix P eoni e L tiflor e) 15g
D n hu Ye (Her Loph theri Gr ilis) 10g
Fu Shen (S lerotium Pori e Co os um Ligno Hos-
pite) 15g
Xi Ku C o (Spi Prunell e Vulg ris) 20g
D n Shen (R ix S lvi e Miltiorrhiz e) 30g
hi i (Fru tus G r eni e J sminoi is) 1 Og
B n hi Li n (Her S utell ri e B r t e) 20g
Xi n He C o (Her Agrimoni e Pilos e) 25g
Expl n tion
• Ling Y ng Ji ol (Cornu Antelopis) n Gou Teng
(R mulus Un ri e um Un is) le r He t, lm
the Liver n extinguish Win .
• S ng Ye (Folium Mori Al e) n Ju Hu (Flos
Chrys nthemi Morifolii) expel Win n le r
He t from the Liver n Lungs.
Chu n Bet' Mu (Bul us Fritill ri e Cirrhos e)
le rs He t n tr nsforms Phlegm .
• Sheng Di Hu ng (R ix Rehm nni e Glutinos e)
n B i Sh o (R ix P eoni e L tiflor e) nour-
ish Yin n in re se Bo y Flui s to emolli te
the Liver.
• D n hu Ye (Her Loph theri Gr ilis), Xi Ku
C o (Spi Prunell e Vulg ris) n hi i
(Fru tus G r eni e J sminoi is) le r He t n ,
when om ine with Fu Shen (S lerotium
Pori e Co os um Ligno Hospite) n D n
Shen (R ix S lvi e Miltiorrhiz e), elimin te
irrit ility.
• B n hi Li n (Her S utell ri e B r t e) n
Xi n He C o (Her Agrimoni e Pilos e) le r
He t n relieve Toxi ity, promote ontr tion
n stop lee ing.
DEPLETION OF QI AND BLOOD DUE TO
DEBILITATION OF VITAL QI ( HENG QI)
M in symptoms n signs
A ull gr y f i l omplexion, l k of strength in
the lim s, ol lim s n version to ol , em i -
tion, hing in the lower k, n p in in the ones.
The tongue o y is ull n p le with white o t-
ing, the pulse is eep n thre y.
Tre tment prin iple
Supplement Qi n nourish the Bloo .
Pres ription
REN SHEN YANG RONG TANG JIA JIAN
Ginseng De o tion for Nourishing Ying Qi, with
mo ifi tions
Ren Shen (R ix Ginseng) 10g, e o te sep r tely
for one hour n e to the prep re e o tion
D ng Shen (R ix Co onopsitis Pilosul e) 1 Og
Fu Ling (S lerotium Pori e Co os) 30g
G n C o (R ix Gly yrrhiz e) 1 Og
D ng Gui (R ix Angeli e Sinensis) 15g
B i Sh o (R ix P eoni e L tiflor e) 20g
Shu Di Hu ng (R ix Rehm nni e Glutinos e Con-
quit ) 1Og
Hu ngQi (R ix Astr g li seu He ys ri) 30g
Nu hen i (Fru tus Ligustri Lu i i) 20g
S ng Ji Sheng (R mulus Lor nthi) 30g
Yin Y ng Huo (Her Epime ii) 20g
Wu Wei i (Fru tus S his n r e) 1 Og
B i Hu She She C o (Her He yoti is Diffus e) 20g
Expl n tion
Ken Shen (R ix Ginseng) n Hu ngQi (R ix
Astr g li seu He ys ri) supplement Vit l Qi
( heng Qi) .
• D ng Shen (R ix Co onopsitis Pilosul e), Fu
Ling (S lerotium Pori e Co os) n G n C o
(R ix Gly y~rrhiz e) fortify the Spleen n
ugment Qi .
• D ng Gui (R ix Angeli e Sinensis), B i Sh o
(R ix P eoni e L tiflor e) n Shu Di Hu ng
(R ix Rehm nni e Glutinos e Conquit )
nourish the Bloo ;
• Nil hen i (Fru tus Ligustri Lu i i), S ng Ji
Sheng (R mulus Lor nthi) n Yin Y ng Huo
(Her Epime ii) strengthen the Ki neys .
• Wu Wei i (Fru tus S his n r e) onstr ins the
Lungs n enri hes the Ki neys.
• B i Hu She She C o (Her He yoti is Dif-
fus e) le rs He t, relieves Toxi ity n h s
nti- n er properties.
 NASOPHARYNGEAL CANCER 415

' ite o t- ACUPUNCTURE on ition. Further et ils of the tre tment of

he he re given in Ch pter 5 .
M in points : BL-13 Feishu, BL-15 Xinshu, TB-17
Yifeng, LI-20 Yingxi ng, TB-21 Ermen, n SI-19 Nose lee
Tinggong. B i M o Gen (Rhizom Imper t e Cylin ri e) 30g
Auxili ry points : LU-7 Lieque, PC-6 Neigu n, Xi n He C o (Her Agrimoni e Pilos e) 30g
LI-4 Hegu, n ST 36 us nli . B i Jz* (Rhizom Bletill e Stri t e) 15g
L JIAN Te hnique : Apply om in tion of the reinfor - S n Qi Fen (Pulvis R i is Notoginseng) 6g, infuse
Qi, with ing n re u ing metho s. Ret in the nee les for in the prep re e o tion
20-30 minutes. Tre t on e y. Sheng Di Hu ng (R ix Rehm nni e Glutinos e) 15g
sep r tely Ce B i Ye T n (C umen Biot e Orient lis C r oni-
o tion MOXIBUSTION s tum) 9g
Og
Points : GV22 Xinhui, GV23 Sh ngxing, BL-7 Tongti n, Burning p in in the thro t
GV 20 B ihui, EX-HN-5 T iy ng, ST-2 Si i, n She G n (Rhizom Bel m n e Chinensis) 9g
GB-14 Y ng i. M Bo (S lerotium L siosph er e seu C lv ti e) 6g
Ingre ients : Ai Rong (Folium Tritium Artemisi e B n L n Gen (R ix Is ti is seu B phi nthi) 20g
s e Con- Argyi) 80g, Long Kui (Her Sol ni Nigri) 40g, Sh n Dou Gen (R ix Sophor e Tonkinensis) 9g
Sh n Dou Gen (R ix Sophor e Tonkinensis) 40g, Long D n C o (R ix Genti n e S r e) 6g
D Su n (Bul us Allii S tivi) 30 loves. Hu ng Li n (Rhizom Copti is) 6g
Te hnique : Grin the three her s into floss n L Gen (Rhizom Phr gmitis Communis) 20g
mix them evenly to m ke me i in l mox ; ut the Jie Geng (R ix Pl ty o i Gr n iflori) 9g
g rli into sli es 5mm thi k. Sele t three points e h G n C o (R ix Gly yrrhiz e) 6g
time. Pl e the g rli on the points, the me i i- Jue Ming i (Semen C ssi e) 9g
e) 20g n l mox n light it. Tre t on e y; thirty ses- M t Men Dong (R ix Ophiopogonis J poni i) 15g
sions m ke up ourse. One or two ourses re Shi Hu* (Her Den ro ii) 15g
nee e epen ing on response.
>i (R ix Low-gr e fever
Jit l Qi Di Gu Pi (Cortex Ly ii R i is) 15g
EAR ACUPUNC URE
Yin Ch i Hu (R ix Stell ri e Di hotom e) 15g
l e), Fu Points: Upper n Lower Lung, He rt, L rge In- Mu D n Pi (Cortex Mout n R i is) 15g
; n Co testine, A ren l Gl n , En o rine, Nose, n Qing H o (Her Artemisi e Chingh o) 15g
:en n Thro t. hi Mu (Rhizom Anem rrhen e Aspho eloi is) 15g
Gui B n* (Pl strum Testu inis) 15g
3 i Sh o Te hnique: Att h W ng Bu Liu Xing (Semen V -
'i Hu ng ri e Seget lis) see s t the points with hesive High fever
)nquit ) t pe. Tell the p tient to press e h see for one fin Yin Hu (Flos Loni er e) 20g
minute ten times y. Ch nge the see s every Shi G ol (Gypsum Fi rosum) 15g
S ng Ji three ys, using ltern te e rs. hi Mu (Rhizom Anem rrhen e Aspho eloi is) 15g
ng Huo Cu Ch i Hu (R ix Bupleuri, pro esse with vine-
s. g r) 9g
sins the TCM tre tment of ommpn D ,Qing Ye (Folium Is ti is seu B phi nthi) 9g
ompli tions of n soph ryn- Ling Y ng Ji o Fen$ (Cornu Antelopis, pow ere ) 2g,
[is Dif- ge l n er infuse in the prep re e o tion
n h s Hu ngQin (R ix S utell ri e B i lensis) 9g
Sele t three to five her s from the list for e h Long D n C o (R ix Genti n e S r e) 6g


416 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER

N use n poor ppetite TINNITUS AND POOR HEARING

hu Ru (C ulis B m us e in T eniis) 15g Etiology

Xu n Fu Hu (Flos Inul e) 9g, wr ppe Effulgent Liver n G ll l er Fire le s to o -
D i he Shit (H em titum) 20g, e o te for t le st stru tion of Qi in the Sh oy ng h nnel, resulting
30 minutes efore ing the other ingre ients in the retention n in ing of Phlegm n He t,
Ji NeiJint (En othelium Corneum Gigeri e G ll) 15g whi h then o stru t the le r orifi es.
Huo Xi ng (Her Ag st hes seu Pogostemi) 9g Tre tment prin iple
Sh Ben (Fru tus Amomi) 6g, roken Cle r n r in Liver-Fire, ispel Phlegm n free
Sh n Y o (Rhizom Dios ore e Opposit e) 20g the orifi es.
B i hu (Rhizom Atr tylo is M ro eph l e) 9g
Ch o Chen Pi (Peri rpium Citri Reti ul t e, stir-frie ) 9g Points : GB-42 Diwuhui, TB-3 hongzhu, GB-2 Ti#iui,
Ji o Sh n h (Fru tus Cr t egi, s or h-frie ) 15g, TB-21 Ermen, n TB-17 Yifeng.
Ji o Shen Qu (M ss Ferment t , s or h-frie )
15g n Ji o M i Y (Fru tus Hor ei Vulg ris Mo ifi tions
Germin tus, s or h-frie ) 15g, use together 1 . For Liver-Fire istur ing upw r s, LR-2 Xingji n.
2. For epression n in ing of Phlegm n He t,
S roful n Phlegm no es PC-8 L ogong n ST-40 Fenglong.
hi Tz r N n Xing (Rhizom Aris em tis Pr ep r t ) 9g Te hnique : Apply the re u ing metho n ret in
H i o (Her S rg ssi) 15g the nee les for 20-30 minutes .
Kun Bu (Th llus L min ri e seu E kloni e) 15g
Xi Ku C o (Spi Prunell e Vulg ris) 15g
Sh n Ci Gu (Pseu o ul us Sh n igu) 15g Expl n tion
Hu ng Y o i (Rhizom Dios ore e Bul ifer e) 15g • Lo l points GB-2 Tinghui, TB-21 Ermen n
Tu Bei Mu (Tu er Bol ostemm tis) 15g TB-17 Yifeng re ge n free Qi n Bloo
Mu Lit (Con h Ostre e) 15g lo lly to open the orifi es.
• Com ining TB-17 Yifeng n TB-3 hongzhu,
Tu Fu Ling (Rhizom Smil is Gl r e) 15g
H n Sh oy ng h nnel points ehin the e r,
B i Ying (Her Sol ni Lyr ti) 15g
with GB-42 Diwuhui n GB-2 Tinghui, he
Long Kui (Her Sol ni Nigri) 15g
(uniting) points on the Foot Sh oy ng h nnel,
Chong Lou (Rhizom P ri is) 15g re ges n gui es Qi in the Sh oy ng h nnel.
• Applying the re u ing metho t LR-2 Xingji n,
INTEGRATION OF CHINESE MEDICINE the ying (spring) point of the liver h nnel,
IN TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR THE le rs the liver n r ins Fire.
MANAGEMENT OF NASOPHARYNGEAL PC-8 L ogong n ST 40 Fenglong le r He t
CANCER n tr nsform Phlegm.
• On e Liver-Fire is r ine n Phlegm-He t
le re , tinnitus n re u e he ring n e
Surgery n postoper tive perio relieve .

Surgery to tre t n er of the n soph rynx is nor- BLOCKED NOSE DUE TO LUNG QI
m lly only use to remove l rge.,or persistent DEFICIENCY
tumors .
Etiology
The Lungs open into the nose. Defi ien y n
ACUPUNCTURE
e ilit tion of Lung Qi inhi its the orifi es of the
A upun ture n e pplie to tre t v rious post- nose n p thogeni f tors st gn ting in the nose
oper tive on itions : use lo k ge of the nose.


NASOPHARYNGEAL CANCER 417

Tre tment prin iple
Supplement n ugment Lung Qi, issip te p tho-
geni f tors n free the orifi es.
s to o -
resulting Points : BL-13 Feishu, LU-9 T iyu n, LI-20 Yingxi ng,
n He t, n LI-4 Hegu .
Te hnique: Apply the re u ing metho n ret in
the nee les for 20-30 minutes.
n free
Expl n tion
Tinghui, • Com ining BL-13 Feishu with LU-9 T iyu n,
the yu n (sour e) point of the Lung h nnel,
supplements the Lungs n ugments Qi.
• Lo l point LI-20 Yingxi ng re ges n frees
Xing*L Qi n Bloo in the nose to ispel p thogeni
He t, f tors n open the orifi es .
• LI-4 Hegu, the yu n (sour e) point of the L rge
Intestine (H n Y ngming) h nnel, re ges
i ret in n frees h nnel Qi, iffuses the Lungs n
frees the orifi es .
LI-4 Hegu re ges n frees h nnel Qi, if-
fuses the Lungs n frees the orifi es.
Further et ils on the tre tment of he he n
e foun in Ch pter 5 .
EAR ACUPUNCTURE
Points: Inner Nose, Lung, Thro t, En o rine, n
A ren l Gl n .
Metho : Att h W ng Bu Liu Xing (Semen V -
ri e Seget lis) see s t the points with hesive
t pe. Tell the p tient to press e h see for one
minute ten times y. Ch nge the see s every
three ys, using ltern te e rs.
R iother py
ROT F OF TCM IN REDUCING THE
SIDE EFJECTS CAUSED BY RADIOTHERAPY

BLOCKED NOSE DUE TO QI STAGNATION R iother py is usu lly the first hoi e for tre tment
nen n AND BLOOD STASIS of n soph rynge l n er. Si e-effe ts of r io-
i Bloo ther py for n soph rynge l n er in lu e ry
Etiology mouth n tongue, ysph gi , re n swollen gums,
.ongzhu, A prolonge illness enters the network vessels n loose teeth, tinnitus n n s l ongestion, n poor
the e r, uses umul tion of Bloo st sis, whi h o stru ts ppetite.
ghui, he the fun tion l tivities of Qi, thus ggr v ting
h nnel, lo k ge of the nose.
h nnel. INTERNAL TREATMENT
(ingji n, Tre tment prin iple The following p tterns n e i entifie se on
h nnel, Invigor te the Bloo n tr nsform Bloo st sis, the lini l symptoms :
ispel p thogeni f tors n free the orifi es.
: r He t
Points : CV 17 D nzhong, LR-3 T i hong, SP-10 Xueh i, DAMAGE TO LUNG AND STOMACH YIN
m-He t LI-20 Yingxi ng, n LI-4 Hegu .
M in symptoms n signs
n e
Dry mouth n thro t, p r he lips, norm l ppe-
Expl n tion tite, sore thro t ffe ting sw llowing, oughing with
• Com ining LR-3 T i hong, the shu (stre m) s nt phlegm, ry stool, n short voi ings of s nt
n yu n (sour e) point of the Liver h nnel, urine . The tongue o y is re with ry, yellow
with CV 17 D nzhong re ges n tfrees Qi. o ting; the pulse is thre y n r pi , or wiry n
• LR-3 T i hong n SP-10 Xueh i invigor te slippery, or slippery n r pi .
the Bloo n tr nsform Bloo st sis.
i y n
• Lo l point LI-20 Yingxi ng re ges n frees Tre tment prin iple
of the
Qi n Bloo to ispel p thogeni f tors n Moisten the Lungs n le r He t, nourish the
he nose
open the orifi es . Stom h n enefit the thro t.
418 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Pres ription ingre ients
Bei Sh Shen (R ix Glehni e Littor lis) 15g
Ti n Men Dong (R ix Asp r gi Co hin hinensis) 15g
M i Men Dong (R ix Ophiopogonis J poni i) 15g
Pi P Ye (Folium Erio otry e J poni e) 9g
Xu n Shen (R ix S rophul ri e Ningpoensis) 15g
Ti n Hu Fen (R ix Tri hos nthis) 30g
B i He (Bul us Lilii) 20g
Ju Hu (Flos Chrys nthemi Morifolii) 6g
Jin Y in Hu (Flos Loni er e) 20g
Sh n Dou Gen (R ix Sophor e Tonkinensis) 9g
She G n (Rhizom Bel m n e Clunensis) 9g
B n L n Gen (R ix Is ti is seu B phi nthi) 20g
P ng D H i (Semen Ster uli e Ly hnophor e) 3g
Jie Geng (R ix Pl ty o i Gr n iflori) 9g
B n hi Li n (Her S utell ri e B r t e) 30g
G n C o (R ix Gly yrrhiz e) 6g
DAMP-HEAT OBSTRUCTING THE
MIDDLE BURNER
M in symptoms n signs
Dry mouth with itter t ste, n use n vomiting,
poor ppetite n re u e foo int ke, oppression
in the hest n istension in the omen, ment l
f tigue n izziness, n loose stools. The tongue
o y is re with yellow n gre sy o ting; the
pulse is slippery, or r pi n thre y.
Tre tment prin iple
Cle r He t n enefit the movement of D mpness,
fortify the Spleen n h rmonize the Stom h.
Pres ription ingre ients
T i i She?; (R ix Pseu ostell ri e Heterophyll e) 15g
B i hu (Rhizom Atr tylo is M ro eph l e) 9g
Fu Ling (S lerotium Pori e Co os) 9g
Mu Ni ng* (R ix Au kl n i e L pp e) 9g
Hu ng Li n (Rhizom Copti is) 6g
Hou Po (Cortex M gnoli e Offi in lis) 6g
Qing B n Ni (Rhizom Pinelli e Tern t e Depur t ) 9g
Ch o Chen Pi (Peri rpium Cite Reti ul t e, stir-frie ) 9g
Shi Ch r g Pu (Rhizom A ori Gr minei) 6g
VI l z Reri (Semen Coi is L hrvm -jo i) 30g
Fo Shou (Fru tus Citri S r o tvlis) 9g
Ji o Sh n h (Fru tus Cr t egi, s or h-frie ) 12g
Ji o Shen_Oil (hl ss Ferment t , s or h-frie ) 12g
Ji o M i I (Fru tus Hor ei Vulg ris Germin tus,
s or h-frie ) 12g
Ji Nei Jint (En othelium Corneum Gigeri e G lli) 12g
Hu ng B i (Cortex Phello en ri) 9g
Pei L n (Her Eup torii Fortunei) 9g
YIN DEFICIENCY OF THE LUNGS AND
KIDNEYS
M in symptoms n signs
Ti l fever n night swe ting, sens tion of he t
in the hest, p lms n soles, limpness n hing in
the lower k n knees, izziness n lurre
vision, p lpit tions, n shortness of re th . The
tongue o y is re or rimson, possi ly with r ks ;
the o ting is s nt or re n peeling. The pulse is
eep n thre y, or thre ), n we k.
Tre tment prin iple
Enri h n supplement the Liver n Ki neys,
nourish Yin n gener te Bloo .
Pres ription ingre ients
Sheng Di Hu ng (R ix Rehm nni e Glutinos e) 20g
Shu Di Hu ng (R ix Rehm nni e Glutinos e Con-
quit ) 20g
Sh n hu )'ii (Fru tus Corni Offi in lis) 15g
Mu D n Pi (Cortex Mout n R i is) 9g
Fu Lirzg (S lerotium Pori e Co os) 15g
N/i hen i (Fru tus Ligustri Lu i i) 15g
Goi Qi i (Fru tus Ly ii) 15g
Gui B n* (Pl strum Testu inis) 20g
Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lv ii R i is) 15g
7-hi Mu (Rhizom Anem rrhen e Aspho eloi is) 12g
Q»g H o (Her Artemisi e Chingh o) 15g
M i Men Doug (R ix Ophiopogonis J poni i) 15g
Ti r .Hu Fen (R ix Tri hos nthis) 30g
He Shou 11'is (R ix Polvgoni Multiflori) 20g
11-r Wei i (Fru tus S his n r e) 9g
Chi Sh o (R ix P eoni e Ru r ) 15g
Ji o Sh z h (Fru tus Cr t egi, s or h-frie ) 15g
Ji o ShenQl ~Al ss Ferment t , s or h-frie ) 15g
Ji o M i V (Fru tus Hor ei Vulg ris Germin tus,
s or h-frie ) 15g
 NASOPHARYNGEAL CANCER 419

) 12g MANAGEMENT OF SEQUELAE AFTER n er is 18 .7 months ; roun 35 per ent of p -

min tus, RADIOTHERAPY tients survive for more th n five ye rs . In our
experien e, integr tion of TCM in the tre tment
Diffi ulty in opening the mouth str tegy h s in re se the surviv l perio y five
ll) 12g Grin equ l mounts of Ru Xi ng (Gummi Oli - ye rs .
num), Mo Y o (Myrrh ), S n Qi (R ix Notoginsen R iother py is gener lly the first hoi e of
Qu n Xiet (Buthus M rtensi), n Wlei Ling Xi n tre tment . Before r iother py or hemother py,
(R ix Clem ti is) into pow er n mix thor- p tients with n soph rynge l n er gener lly pre-
S AND oughly. Apply extern lly to the re t the or er of sent with n Ex ess p ttern h r terize y He t in
the tempor l n front l ones n hol in pl e the Upper Burner, effulgent Liver n G ll l er
with g uze ressing. Tre t every y until re overy. Fire, Qi epression n Phlegm in ing, n inter-
At the s me time, the following m teri me i nl umul tion of He t Toxins. The tre tment
of he t to the e o tions pres ri e for re u ing the
i hing in prin iple shoul e se on r ining Ex ess .
si e-effe ts of r iother py: After r iother py or hemother py, Origin l Qi
lurre Ge Gen (R ix Puer ri e) 20g (Yu n Qi) is gr u lly m ge . The tre tment
ith. The Ti n M * (Rhizom G stro i e El t e) 9g prin iple in this inst n e shoul e se on sup-
i r ks ; Si Gu Luo (F s i ulus V s ul ris Luff e) 20g plementing Defi ien y.
pulse is Di Longt (Lum ri us) 9g In the first six months fter r iother py, it is
B i Sh o (R ix P eoni e L tiflor e) 15g etter to supplement more n tt k less ; in p r-
R i tion m ge to one m rrow ti ul r, ttention shoul e p i to regul ting the
Ki neys, R i tion m ge to one m rrow n o ur three Spleen n Stom h n restoring Origin l Qi .
months fter the en of the r iother py ourse. It In the perio from six months to two ye rs fter
m nifests s feeling simil r to n ele tri sho k r iother py, it is etter to pply om in tion of
r i ting to the ist l en s of the lim s when lower- tt king n supplementing to re u e the h n e
ing the he , l k of strength in the lim s, re u tion of re urren e n met st sis n prolong the sur-
s e) 20g viv l perio . This om in tion shoul e m in-
in sensitivity to p in, n ry stool .
e Con- t ine for five ye rs fter r iother py.
Pres ription ingre ients W rm supplementing her s shoul not e over-
use to voi exu er nt He t tr nsforming into Fire .
S ng Ji Sheng (R mulus Lor nthi) 30g
Du hong (Cortex Eu ommi e Ulmoi is) 15g
H i Feng Teng (C ulis Piperis K sur e) 30g Other ther pies
Gou,Qi i (Fru tus Ly ii) 15g
NR hen i (Fru tus Ligustri Lu i i) 15g Throughout the tre tment pro ess, vi e n
Ge Gen (R ix Puer ri e) 15g gui n e for p tients on iet ther py n pr ti ing
Sh n hu Yu (Fru tus Corni Offi in lis) 15g Qigong re very import nt .
iis) 12g
Hu i Niu Xi (R ix A hyr nthis Bi ent t e) 9g
Bu Gu hi (Fru tus Psor le e Corylifoli e) 15g
i) 15g DIET THERAPY
Dong Chong Xi C ot (Cor y eps Sinensis) 3g,
e o te sep r tely In our experien e, p tients with n soph rynge l
Qing H o (Her Artemisi e Chingh o) ,g n er usu lly enefit from e ting more fresh vege-
Gui hi (R mulus Cinn momi C ssi e) 6g t les n fruit su h s rrot, hestnut, white r -
S ng hi (R mulus Mori Al e) 9g ish (mooli), tom to, lotus root, pe r, or nge, lemon,
15g
n h wthorn fruit .
1) 15g
nin tus, Tre tment notes • P tients with re u e ppetite, n use or
vomiting shoul e t st ple foo s with high nutri-
The ver ge surviv l perio for n soph rynge l tion l v lue.


420 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER

• P tients t the l te st ge of the ise se, h r - Defi ien y of Qi in the Mi le Burner, Defi ient
terize y very poor ppetite ue to Fire Toxins Y ng flo ting str y, ish rmony etween Ying Qi
fl ming upw r , n e t fresh pomegr n te, l k n Wei Qi, n the onset of fever.
plum, gr pefruit, itron fruit (Xi ng Yu n, Fru tus Tre tment shoul follow the prin iple of " oost-
Citri Me i e seu Wilsonii), pine pple, green plum, ing the sour e of Fire to isperse the shrou of Yin,
hestnut, n pe r, or ongee m e with ro k n strengthening the governor of W ter to restr in
n y n oix see (Yi Yi Ren, Semen Coi is the rilli n e of Y ng" with Sheng M i S n Ji Ji n
L hrym -jo i) . Fresh h wthorn fruit n e kept in (Pulse-Gener ting Pow er, with mo ifi tions) plus
the mouth n su ke to le r the thro t n gen- Bu hong Yi Qi T ng (De o tion for Supplementing
er te flui s . the Mi le Burner n Augmenting Qi, with
• Al ohol n ig rettes must e voi e s mo ifi tions) .
shoul stimul ting foo su h s spi y foo s, hilli,
r w onion, n must r . Expl n tion
• T i i Shen (R ix Pseu ostell ri e Heterophyl-
QIGONG THERAPY l e), M i Men Dong (R ix Ophiopogonis J poni i),
Xu n Shen (R ix S rophul ri e Ningpoensis), n
Strengthening Qigong in sitting posture n Sheng DI Hu ng (R ix Rehm nni e Glutinos e)
inner-nourishing Qigong respir tion (inh le-p use- ugment Qi, nourish Yin n e r Fire own-
exh le) n tongue movement n e pr ti e to w r .
gener te flui s to stop thirst, le r the thro t n • Sheng M (Rhizom Cimi ifug e) n Ch i Hu
moisten ryness (see et ils in Ch pter 6) . Qigong (R ix Bupleuri) uplift le r Y ng n thrust
shoul not e pr ti e where there is risk of the p thogeni He t outw r .
p tient t hing ol . • Mu D n Pi (Cortex Mout n R i is) n Chi Sh o
(R ix P eoni e Ru r ) ool n invigor te the
Clini l experien e n se Bloo .
• Rou Gm (Cortex Cinn momi C ssi e) n Hu ngQi
histories (R ix Astr g li seu He ys ri) w rm Y ng n
ugment Qi.
LIU WEISHENG When om ine , these ingre ients will regul te
n h rmonize Yin n Y ng to m ke Fire n
Clini l experien e W ter help e h other, s is o umente in Jing
Dr. Liu onsi ers th t fever in p tients with n so- Yue Qu n Shu The Complete Works of h ng
ph rynge l n er is gener lly use y intern l Jingyue : "Strengthen W ter to lm Fire ue to
m ge, n ppe rs in the form of Yin Defi ien y Yin Defi ien y; oost Fire to ultiv te rootless
fever or Qi Defi ien y fever, o urring in most fever ."
inst n es in the fternoon or t night. This type of
fever is usu lly omp nie y ry thro t, izziness, C se histories
f tigue, n short ge of Qi with little esire to
spe k. The tongue o y is re n the pulse is
thre y. C se 1
A m n of 45 w s mitte to lo l hospit l in August
R iother py n hemother py ' severely 1992 for tre tment for repe te nose lee s th t h
onsume n m ge Qi, Bloo n Bo y Flui s, o urre over the previous ye r omp nie y p in in
le ing to efi ien y of oth Qi n Yin, n the lower k th t h st rte six months previously
gener tion of intern l Defi ien y-He t. After hemo- (met st sis of the n er th t w s not i gnose t the
ther py (usu lly for met st size n er), m ge to time) n oughing th t h egun more th n month
the Spleen n Stom h will le to epletion n go . The p thologi l i gnosis of the iopsy spe imen
 NASOPHARYNGEAL CANCER 421

Defi ient w s poorly ifferenti te squ mous ell r inom of the Bever ge) 10ml w s ministere or lly (see pres ription
Ying Qi n soph rynx . The p tient w s given two ourses of elow for ingre ients use to prep re this ever ge) .
r iother py to the n soph rynx n ne k. By the sixth y, the nose lee s were gr u lly e-
" oost- In M y 1993, the nose lee s n lower k p in re sing, the ough h improve n there were fewer
re urre n there w s lump elow the right eyeli th t loo y stre ks in the phlegm. The tongue o y w s re
of Yin,
w s gr u lly in re sing in size. The p tient w s then with s nt o ting, n the pulse w s thre y. However,
restr in
referre to the n er ep rtment in Dr. Liu's hospit l. the fever h not te , o urring m inly in the fter-
n Ji Ji n
CT ex min tion showe re urren e of the n er in the noon n t night . This w s phenomenon of M nifes-
)ns) plus
right eyeli , n s l vity n ethmoi l sinus ; nu li e t tion Ex ess gr ui lly is ppe ring n Root Defi ien y
;menting
ex min tion is overe multiple met st ti fo i in the
2i, with gr u lly ppe ring.
hest, lum r verte r e, ri s, n right shoul er joint.
From June to August, the p tient un erwent three P ttern i entifi tion
ourses of hemother py with the PF regime ( ispl tin Qi n Yin Defi ien y, with fever ue to Defi ien y-Fire
n 5-fluorour il) ; however, g strointestin l re tions fl ming upw r n Fire f iling to return to its sour e .
:erophyl- su h s omin l istension, re u e foo int ke, n u-
l poni i), se , n ret hing were too severe to toler te n he w s Tre tment prin iple
Isis), n referre to Dr. Liu's ep rtment . The p tient presente Augment Qi n nourish Yin.
itinos e) with ment l n physi l f tigue, little esire to spe k,
Pres ription
e own- nose lee s with right re loo , ough with white
phlegm o sion lly stre ke with loo , fternoon fever, SHENG MM SAN JIA JUN
Pulse-Gener ting Pow er, with mo ifi tions, plus
Ch i Hu o y temper ture of 38 .3-38 .5° C, no version to ol ,
Rou Gui (Cortex Cinn momi C ssi e) to return Fire
3 thrust lower k p in, limite movement, ry mouth, poor
ppetite, norm l urine n stool, re tongue o y with to its sour e .
thin yellow o ting, n thre y pulse . T i i Shen (R ix Pseu ostell ri e Heterophyll e) 30g
Chi Sh o
r te the M i Men Dong (R ix Ophiopogonis J poni i) 15g
P ttern i entifi tion Xu n Shen (R ix S rophul ri e Ningpoensis) 15g
UIu ng .g Defi ien y of Qi n Yin, in ing of Phlegm-He t. Rou Gui (Cortex Cinn momi C ssi e) 3g, infuse in the
ng n prep re e o tion
Tre tment prin iple Sheng M (Rhizom Cimi ifug e) 15g
Augment Qi n nourish Yin, le r He t n moisten Ch ff Hu (R ix Bupleuri) 5g
regul te
Dryness, relieve Toxi ity n issip te in ing . Mu D n Pi (Cortex Mout n R i is) 15g
.,ire n
1 in Jing Chi Sh o (R ix P eoni e Ru r ) 15g
Pres ription ingre ients
Sheng Di Hu ng (R ix Rehm nni e Glutinos e) 15g
h ng
he Bei Mu (Bul us Fritill ri e Thun ergii) 18g Hu ngQi (R ix Astr g li seu He ys ri) 30g
ue to
Hu ngQin (R ix S utell ri e B i lensis) 12g G n C o (R ix Gly yrrhiz e) 6g
rootless
Qu n Xiet (Buthus M rtensi) 6g
Ti n Hu Fen (R ix Tri hos nthis) 15g One g per y w s use to prep re e o tion, t ken
G n C o (R ix Gly yrrhiz e) 6g twi e y. At the s me time, Shen M i u She Ye (Gin-
Chi Sh o (R ix P eoni e Ru r ) 15g seng n Ophiopogon Inje tion) 60ml w s e to
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coi is L hrym -jo i) 30g 500ml of 5% glu ose solution n given s n intr ve-
Long D n C o (R ix Genti n e S r e) 5g nous rip to enh n e the effe t in ugmenting Qi n
Mu D n Pi (Cortex Mout n R i is) 15g nourishing the Bloo . After two weeks of this tre tment,
August
Vu h o L ng (Her Humuli S n entis) 30g the fever gr u lly re e e , n the p tient's ment l
h t h
Yu Xing C o (Her Houttuyni e Cor t e) 30g f tigue w s etter th n efore. However, the ough n
p in in
eviously S n Qi Fen (Pulvis R i is Notoginseng) 6g, infuse n lower k p in h not improve to ny signifi nt
3 t the t ken sep r tely egree .
i month Dr. Liu onsi ere th t the prin ip l fo us of the on-
One g per y w s use to prep re e o tion, t ken ition h now shifte to the remote met st ses n
De imen
twi e y . In ition, Sheng M i Yin (Pulse-Gener ting shoul e tre te with me sures to support Vit l Qi
422 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
( heng Q1), ssiste y inse t m teri me i to inhi it
n er n relieve Toxi ity if ne ess ry.
Pres ription ingre ients
D ng Shen (R ix Co onopsitis Pilosu6e) 20g
Hu ngQi (R ix Astr g ls seu He ys ri) 30g
Fu Ling (S lerotium Pori e Co os) 15g
S n Y o (Rhizom Dios ore e Opposit e) 30g
B i hu (Rhizom Atr tylo is M ro eph l e) 15g
T i i Shen (R ix Pseu ostell ri e Heterophyll e) 30g
M i Men Dong (R ix Ophiopogonis J poni i) 15g
Qu n Xiet (Buthus M rtensi) 6g
Ti n Hu Fen (R ix Tri hos nthis) 15g
Xi n He C o (Her Agrimons e Pilos e) 20g
hi Ke (Fru tus Citri Aur ntii) 15g
After t king the e o tion for one month, X-r ys
showe no further met st ses .
Comment ry
Routine hemost ti me sures in Western me i ine often
o not prove very s tisf tory for p tients fter r io-
ther py or hemother py for l te-st ge n soph rynge l
n er; their qu lity of life is poor, ist nt met st sis to
the lungs n ones nnot e ontrolle , the tumor in-
filtr tes lo lly, n nose lee s re frequent. However,
TCM me sures se on p ttern i entifi tion re often
re son ly effe tive in helping p tients .
This on ition is h r terize y Root Defi ien y n
M nifest tion Ex ess, whi h shoul e tre te first -
or ing to the prin iple of le ring He t, tr nsforming
Phlegm, ooling the Bloo n stopping lee ing . e Bet'
Mu (Bul us Fritill ri e Thun ergii), Hu ng Qin (R ix
S utell ri e B i lensis), Yu Xing C o (Her Houttuyni e
Cor t e), n Long D n C o (R ix Genti n e S r e)
re re ommen e for le ring He t, tr nsforming
D mpness n r ining tur i ity, where s Mu D n Pi
(Cortex Mout n R i is) n e use to ool the Bloo
n stop lee ing. The over ll effe t, therefore, is to e r
He t in the Bloo .
However, the Root Defi ien y is insuffi ien y of Qi
n Bloo . If ool or ol m teri me i re use in
l rge oses in these ir umst n es, Stom''l h Qi will e
m ge n will e un le to ontrol the Bloo , whi h
spills out of the h nnels . Therefore, Wu h o Long
(Her Humuli S n entis) n e e to ugment Qi
n fortify the Spleen, thus strengthening Stom h Qi .
This follows the prin iples set out in "On Nose lee s",
h pter in Ji Sheng F ng Pres riptions for Su oring the
Si k) : "Freneti movement of Bloo is use y He t .
When Bloo is he te , it will e orne upw r with Qi,
le ing to nose lee s . When Bloo is orne ownw r
s Qi sinks, lee ing will gr u lly stop."
C se 2
During routine he lth he k in 1991, lymph no e
enl rgement ehin the right stemo lei om stoi mus le
w s is overe in wom n of 53 ; she w s i gnose
with n soph rynge l n er y n sol ryngos opi n
ytologi l ex min tion . She w s then given two ourses
of r iother py, n the n er w s ontrolle .
In O to er 1995, the p tient is overe tumor in the
right su m n i ul r region, i gnose s re urren e of
the n er. She w s given further ourse of r iother-
py. Afterw r s, she felt st ing p in in oth e rs with
yellow purulent is h rge from the e rs n nose; other
si e-effe ts in lu e mouth ul ers, slight he ring loss,
iffi ulty in opening the mouth, n re ness, swelling,
h r ness n p in in the heeks with urning sens tion .
The tongue o y w s re with s nt o ting; the pulse
w s thre y n r pi . In J nu ry 1996, the p tient w s
referre to the TCM ep rtment s n in-p tient .
P ttern i entifi tion
Qi n Yin Defi ien y, in ing of Phlegm n Bloo
st sis, intern l umul tion of He t Toxins .
Tre tment prin iple
Augment Qi n nourish Yin, ispel Phlegm n relieve
Toxi ity.
Pres ription ingre ients
T i i Shen (R ix Pseu ostell ri e Heterophyll e) 30g
M i Men Dong (R ix Ophiopogonis J poni i) 10g
Wu Wei i (Fru tus S his n r e) 1 Og
Sheng Di Hu ng (R ix Rehm nni e Glutinos e) 20g
Sh n hu Yu (Fru tus Corni Offi in lis) 8g
Sh n Y o (Rhizom Dios ore e Opposit e) 15g
Mu D n Pi (Cortex Mout n R i is) 15g
e Xie (Rhizom Aism tis Orient lis) 5g
Fu Ling (S erotium Pori e Co os) 15g
F B n Xi (Rhizom Pinells e Tern t e Pr ep r t ) 15g
One g w s use to prep re e o tion, t ken twi e
y. At the s me time, the p tient w s given n intr ve-
nous infusion of 40m1 of Qing K i Ling (Effi ious
Reme y for Cle ring n Opening) in 500m1 of 10%
glu ose solution, on e y; Xi Hu ng W n (Rhino eros
 y He t . Bezo r Pill) 1g, on e y; hen hu Fen (Pe rl Pow er) il ter l ervi l lymph enop thy, n repe te nose-
with Qi, for extern l ppli tion to the skin lesion ; hy ro ortisone lee s over the previous month . P thologi l i gnosis
ownw r et te 1% rops instille in the e r, three times y; of the iopsy spe imen w s poorly ifferenti te
n the hospit l's own prep r tion of Di Bi Ling (Effi - squ mous ell r inom of the n soph rynx . The
ious Nose Drop Reme y) use topi lly in the nose, p tient presente with we k onstitution, em i tion,
three times y. frequent insomni , p lpit tions, izziness, l k of
After four weeks' tre tment, is h rge from the e r strength, n version to ol ; she w s not strong
ph no e
mus le n nose w s signifi ntly re u e , the mouth ul ers enough to un ergo r iother py imme i tely .
li gnose were resolve , n the p tient oul e t norm lly .
P ttern i entifi tion
opi n In M y 1997, the symptoms re urre . In ition, the Spleen n Ki ney Defi ien y.
31 ourses p tient h sore thro t, whi h m e spe king iffi ult,
n oul only t ke liqui foo . The ne k n nterior Tre tment prin iple
for in the hest were swollen n the presen e there of ull- olore Fortify the Spleen n ugment Qi, enri h n supp-
.ren e of e hymoses w s note . lement the Liver n Ki neys .
iother-
P ttern i entifi tion Pres ription ingre ients
e rs with
)se ; other Qi n Yin .Defi ien y with exu er nt He t Toxins . D ng Shen (R ix Co onopsitis Pilosul e) 15g
ping loss, B i hu (Rhizom Atr tylo is M ro eph l e) 9g
Tre tment prin iple
swelling, Fu Ling (S lerotium Pori e Co os) 12g
Cle r He t n relieve Toxi ity, nourish Yin n ugment
ens tion . Sh n Y o (Rhizom Dios ore e Opposit e) 20g
Qi .
the pulse Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coi is L hrym -jo i) 30g
ent w s Pres ription ingre ients Sheng M (Rhizom Cimi ifug e) 3g
t. Wu Wei i (Fru tus S his n r e) 9g
Sh Shen (R ix Glehni e seu A enophor e) 20g Sh Shen (R ix Glehni e seu A enophor e) 15g
M i Men Dong (R ix Ophiopogonis J poniei) 15g Su n o Ken (Semen iziphi Spinos e) 30g
Bloo Wu Wei i (Fru tus S his n r e) 6g Jin Yin Hu (Flos Loni er e) 15g
Xu n Shen (R ix S rophul ri e Ningpoensis) 15g G n C o (R ix Gly yrrhiz e) 20g
Jin Yin Hu (Flos Loni er e) 20g
Li n2i o (Fru tus Forsythi e Suspens e) 15g After t king one g twi e y for 15 ys, the symp-
relieve toms of Spleen n Ki ney Defi ien y h improve
B i Hu She She C o (Her He yoti is Diffus e) 30g
n the p tient felt in etter moo . She w s then le
M o h o C o (Tu er R nun uli Tem ti) 30g
to un ert ke r iother py n re eive tot l ose of
Jie Geng (R ix Pl ty o i Gr n iflori) 15g
7000 Gy in seven weeks . After two weeks of r iother-
T i i Shen (R ix Pseu ostell ri e Heterophyll e) 20g
:) 30g py, the p tient eg n to suffer from si e-effe ts su h s
B n L n Gen (R ix Is ti is seu B phi nthi) 15g
ry mouth n tongue, thirst n esire for rinks, ero-
g G n C o (R ix Gly yrrhiz e) 6g sion of the mu ous mem r ne of the mouth, sore thro t,
.0 At the s me time, the p tient w s given n intr venous izziness, n l k of strength. The tongue o y w s re
infusion of 30m1 of Shen M i hu She Ye (Ginseng n with thin yellow o ting, the pulse w s eep n
thre y.
Ophiopogon Inje tion) in 250m1 of 5% glu ose solu-
tion, n 5mg of ex meth sone in 250m1 of 5% glu- Tre tment prin iple
ose solution, oth on e y. The p tient w s lso Cultiv te n supplement the Spleen n Ki neys, om-
given frequent, sm ll qu ntities of one prep re ine with gener ting Bo y Flui s n relieving Toxi ity.
t ) 15g with Lu Dou (Semen Ph seoli R i ti) 50g n Xi n Chou
C o (Her Rut e Re ens) 50g. After four weeks of Pres ription ingre ients
twi e tre tment, ll symptoms h improve onsi er ly.
intr ve- Sh Shen (R ix Glehni e seu A enophor e) 20g
Ei ious B i hu (Rhizom Atr tylo is M ro eph l e) 9g
f 10%
C se 3 Fu Ling (S lerotium Pori e Co os) 12g
A wom n of 44 w s hospit lize in 1988 for tre tment of Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coi is L hrym -jo i) 30g
ino eros
he he, tinnitus n poor he ring on the right si e, GouQi i (Fru tus Ly ii) 12g
424 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Nu en i (Fru tus Ligustri Lu i i) 15g
Hu ngQi (R ix Astr g li seu He ys ri) 20g
Shi Hu* (Her Den ro ii) 15g
fin Yin Hu (Flos Loni er e) 15g
Ti n Hu Fen (R ix Tri hos nthis) 20g
Xu n Shen (R ix S rophul ri e Ningpoensis) 15g
D n Shen (R ix S lvi e Miltiorrhiz e) 20g
Chi Sh o (R ix P eoni e Ru r ) 15g
M i Men Dong (R ix Ophiopogonis J poni i) 15g
B i Hu She She C o (Her He yoti is Diffus e) 20g
Sh n Dog Gen (R ix Sophor e Tonkinensis) 9g
G n C o (R ix Gly yrrhiz e) 6g
The p tient r nk one g twi e y until ompletion
of the r iother py ourse . At the s me time, mixture
of gent mi in 400000U n ex meth sone 5mg w s
issolve in 500m1 of 0 .9% s line n 120-150ml of the
mixture w s use to w sh the mouth 3-4 times y.
After the r iother py ourse, the p tient ontinue
to t ke m teri me i for supporting Vit l Qi ( heng Qi)
n relieving Toxi ity.
Pres ription ingre ients
Hu ngQi (R ix Astr g li seu He ys ri) 30g
Sh Shen (R ix Glehni e seu A enophor e) 25g
T i i Shen (R ix Pseu ostell ri e Heterophyll e) 20g
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coi is L hrym -jo i) 30g
Fu Ling (S lerotium Pori e Co os) 12g
GouQi i (Fru tus Ly ii) 12g
Nil hen i (Fru tus Ligustri Lu i i) 15g
Bie fi * (C r p x Amy e Sinensis) 15g
Sh n Dou Gen (R ix Glehni e seu A enophor e) 9g
Sh n Ci Gu (Pseu o ul us Sh n igu) 15g
B n hi Li n (Her S utell ri e B r t e) 30g
E hu (Rhizom Cur um e) 15g
H i o (Her S rg ssi) 15g
B i Hu She She C o (Her He yoti is Diffus e) 30g
Xi Ku C o (Spi Prunell e Vulg ris) 9g
G n C o (R ix Gly yrrhiz e) 6g
In the first ye r, the p tient r nk six . gs week; this
w s re u e to three or four gs week in the se on
ye r n two gs week in the thir ye r . She w s lso
given Xi Hu ng W n (Rhino eros Bezo r Pill) n Liu
Wei Di Hu ng W n (Six-Ingre ient Rehm nni Pill) -
or ing to the requirements of her on ition . The
p tient's over ll st te of he lth w s goo enough to llow
her to return to work full time .


Esoph ge l n er is the eighth most ommon n er in the worl n h s o vious if-

30g feren es in geogr phi l istri ution, whi h show gre ter v ri tion th n for most other
types of n er . Some 40 per ent of these n ers re squ mous ell r inom s o urring
in the mi le thir of the esoph gus, with simil r proportion ounte for y eno r-
inom s in the lower thir n t the r i . Other types of esoph ge l n er in lu e
week; this lymphom s, leiomyos r om s n met st ti n ers. The in i en e of squ mous ell r-
to se on inom of the esoph gus in Chin is p rti ul rly high; over ll, esoph ge l n er ounts
w s lso for pproxim tely one qu rter of n er e ths. The m le to fem le mor i ity n mort l-
n Liu ity r tios re oth in the region of 1 .6 :1 .
Pill) - C n er n o ur nywhere in the esoph gus, ppe ring s n rrowing of the lumen,
on. The lump or pl que, with 60-70 eing the pe k ge for i gnosis. He vy rinking n smok-
i to llow ing re oth m jor risk f tors, espe i lly for squ mous ell r inom ; other risks in lu e
h l si (f ilure of the lower esoph ge l sphin ter to open properly) n hroni i
reflux . Sin e it is iffi ult to i gnose the e rly st ge of esoph ge l r inom , some 70-80
per ent of p tients re lre y t the interme i te or l te st ges of the ise se efore it is
re ognize . On e the n er h s re he this st ge, prognosis is very poor, with five-ye r
surviv l r te s low s 5 per ent.
Surgery to remove the tumor is norm lly only possi le in the e rly st ges efore infiltr -
tion outsi e the esoph ge l w ll h s o urre . Chemother py or r iother py n e use
fter surgery to relieve symptoms . For p tients with l te-st ge esoph ge l n er, hemo-
ther py or om in tion of r iother py n hemother py is the m in metho of tre t-
ment ; lthough the n er is not ure , symptoms n e relieve n surviv l prolonge .

Clini l m nifest tions

The first symptom is usu lly iffi ulty in sw llowing soli s; ysph gi progresses n
worsens to involve soft foo s n then liqui s.
• Dysph gi is often omp nie y p in ehin the sternum n vomiting of mu us.
• The e rly st ges m y e omp nie y sens tion of lump or foreign o y in the
thro t. -* ,

• Dysph gi n loss of ppetite frequently result in signifi nt weight loss.

• Swelling in the ne k m y lso o ur.


Pres ription
XIAO YAO SAN HE XUAN FU DAI HE
TANG JIA JIAN
Depression n in ing of Liver Qi Free W n erer Pow er Com ine With Inul n
Emotion l pro lems le to Depression n Hem tite De o tion, with mo ifi tions
in ing of Liver Qi n Qi st gn tion . Diet ry
irregul rities m ge the Spleen n Stom h n Ch i Hu (R ix Bupleuri) 1 Og
gr u lly onsume Bo y Flui s resulting in Qi B i Sh o (R ix P eoni e L tiflor e) 1 Og
Depression n gener tion of Phlegm, whi h Fu Ling (S lerotium Pori e Co os) 30g
lo ks the p ss gew ys n uses Qi to s en Gu Lou (Fru tus Tri hos nthis) 20g
r ther th n es en , m nifesting s iffi ulty in D i he Shit (H em titum) 30g, e o te for t
sw llowing n em i tion . le st 30 minutes efore ing the other ingre i-
ents
Phlegm st sis n Qi st gn tion Xu n Fu Hu (Flos Inul e) 1 Og
D m ge to the Spleen n Stom h results in f il- Chen Pi (Peri rpium Citri Reti ul t e) 1 Og
ure to tr nsform Phlegm-D mp, thus le ing to the hu Ru (C ulis B m us e in T eniis) 1 Og
form tion of Phlegm st sis n tumors . Sh n Dou Gen (R ix Sophor e Tonkinensis) 15g
Hu i Niu Xi (R ix A hyr nthis Bi ent t e) 1 Og
Depletion of Qi n Bloo ue to e ility in Yu Jin (R ix Cur um e) 10g
ol ge B i Ying (Her Sol ni Lyr ti) 20g
De ility in ol ge or prolonge illness n use
epletion of Qi n Bloo n esi tion of Expl n tion
Bo y Flui s resulting in ysph gi in the upper • Ch i Hu (R ix Bupleuri) n Yu Jin (R ix Cur
p rt of the esoph gus ue to Qi f iling to move. um e) llow onstr ine Liver Qi to flow freely
n le r He t.
• Gu Lou (Fru tus Tri hos nthis), Xu n Fu Hu
P ttern i entifi tion n
(Flos Inul e), hu Ru (C ulis B m us e in T e-
tre tment prin iples niis), Fu Ling (S lerotium Pori e Co os), n
Chen Pi (Peri rpium Citri Reti ul t e) regul te
Qi n tr nsform Phlegm .
D i he Shi$ (H em titum), Hu i Niu Xi (R ix
A hyr nthis Bi ent t e) n B i Sh o (R ix
DEPRESSION AND BINDING OF LIVER
P eoni e L tiflor e) lm the Liver n e r
QI
ounterflow Qi ownw r .
M in symptoms n signs Sh n Dou Gen (R ix Sophor e Tonkinensis) n
Dis omfort fter int ke of foo , o sion l hi - B i Ying (Her Sol ni Lyr ti) le r He t, enefit
oughs, oppression in the hest, itter t ste in the the thro t n h ve nti- n er properties .
mouth, istension n p in in the hypo hon rium,
he he n izziness, irrit ility, n insomni . PHLEGM STASIS AND QI STAGNATION
The tongue o y is p le re with thin yellow
o ting; the pulse is wiry n thre y. M in symptoms n signs
Inhi ite foo int ke, stifling oppression in the
Tre tment prin iple hest or istension n fullness in the hest n
Soothe the Liver, regul te Qi n issip te lumps . i phr gm, is omfort in the hest n k,
 BKu
LouC(Fru
Lou
FenSWith
(R
(Flos
(Rhizom
(Fru
Swith
Inul
Prunell
D
Inul
Tri
tooth
Epi
Epi
Pinelli
Ku mHem
C n slippery
white
Prunell
for
vom- With
stop
Pinelh
Inul
vomiting
FenOstre
(R
vomiting
(Flos
thin
Polygon
nourish
Ligusti
Atr
hHem
signs
Inul
orforlthin
of
themu
white
Bloo
BDf for 20-30
(Rhi-
s

ough with profuse phlegm, n use n • Xu n Fu Hu e), F n Xi

HE iting with frequent vomiting of mu us. The tongue zom e Tern t e Pr ep r t ), Fu Ling
o y is enl rge rks n n (S lerotium Pori e Co os), n i he Shil
sy o ting ; the pulse is wiry n . (H em titum) e r ounterflow Qi ownw r
ul n gre
n .
Tre tment prin iple • Teng Li Gen (R ix A tini i e Chinensis) n
Tr nsform Phlegm n ispel st sis, e r Qi Ti n Hu ix Tri hos nthis) le r He t,
ownw r n issip te lumps . relieve Toxi ity n ve nti- n er properties .
Pres ription
BEI MU GUA LOU SAN HE XUAN FU DAI DEPLETION OF QI AND BLOOD DUE
for t HE TANG JIA JIAN TO DEBILITY IN OLD AGE
ngre i- Fritill ry Bul n hos nthes Fruit Pow er M in symptoms n
Com ine n tite De o tion, Dysph gi , em i tion n k of strength, l-
with mo ifi tions low yellow or ull white f i l omplexion, thin or
loose stools, spont neous swe ting, int low or
Chu n Bei Mu (Bul us Fritill ri e Cirrhos e) log
ho rse voi e, n us. The tongue
Gu tus Tri hos nthis) 20g
15g o y is p le with o ting; the
Ti n Hu ix Tri hos nthis) 20g
log pulse is eep, thre y n eless .
Fu Ling (S lerotium Pori e Co os) 20g
Ju Hong (P rs Ru r rpii Citri Erythro- Tre tment prin iple
rp e) IOg Supplement Qi n , tr nsform
Jie Geng (R ix Pl ty o i Gr n iflori) 1 Og Phlegm n issip te lumps.
D i he Shit (H em titum) 30g, e o te t
Pres ription
ix Cur- le st 30 minutes efore ing the other ingre i-
SHI QUAN DA BU TANG HE XUAN FU
7 freely ents
DAI HE TANG JIA JIAN
Xu n Fu Hu e) I Og Perfe t M jor Supplement tion De o tion Com-
7u Hu F n Xi e Tern t e Pr e- ine n tite De o tion, with
n T e- p r t ) log mo ifi tions
;), n D n N n Xing* (Pulvis Aris em tis um Felle
Bovis) log D ng Shen (R ix Co onopsitis Pilosul e) 30g
:gul te
Xi o (Spi e Vulg ris) 20g Ji o B i u (Rhizom tylo is M ro eph l e,
Wei Ling Xi n (R ix Clem ti is) 30g s or h-frie ) 9g
(R ix Fu ing (S lerotium Pori e Co os) 9g
H i o (Her rg ssi) 1Og
(R ix Mu Xi ng* (R ix Au kl n i e L pp e) 6g
Teng Li Gen (R ix A tini i e Chinensis) 30g
e r Ch o Chen Pi (Peri rpium Citri Reti ul t e,
stir-frie ) 9g
Expl n tion
is) n D ng Gui (R ix Angeli e Sinensis) 30g
• Chu n Bei Mu (Bul us Fritill ri e Cirrhos e), Chu n Xiong (Rhizom i Chu nxiong) 12g
Benefit
Gu tus Tri hos nthis), H i o Shu Di Hu ng (R ix Rehm nni e Glutinos e Con-
(Her rg ssi), Xi o (Spi e
quit ) 12g
Vulg ris), n n N n Xing~ (Pulvis Aris e- B i Sh o (R ix P eoni e L tiflor e) 15g
ON m tis um Felle Bovis) le r He *,t tr nsform He Shou Wu (R ix Polygoni Multiflori) 20g
Phlegm n issip te lumps . Ji Xue Teng (C ulis Sp tholo i) 30g
• Ju Hong (P rs Ru r rpii Citri Erythro r- Hu ngQi (R ix Astr g li seu He ys ri) 30g
in the
p e), Jie Geng (R ix Pl ty o i Gr n iflori) n Hu ng Jing (Rhizom ti) 20g
st n
Wei Ling Xi n (R ix Clem ti is) ispel Phlegm Mu Li1 (Con h e) 15g, e o te
k,
n enefit the thro t . minutes efore ing the other ingre ients

428 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Xi Ku C o (Spi Prunell e Vulg ris) 12g
B i Hu She She C o (Her He yoti is Diffus e) 20g
Expl n tion
• D ng Shen (R ix Co onopsitis Pilosul e),
Hu ng Qi (R ix Astr g li seu He ys ri) n
Hu ng Jing (Rhizom Polygon ti) supplement Qi .
Mu Xi ng* (R ix Au kl n i e L pp e), Ch o
Chen Pi (Peri rpium Citri Reti ul t e, stir-
frie ), Ji o B i hu (Rhizom Atr tylo is
M ro eph l e, s or h-frie ), n Fu Ling
(S lerotium Pori e Co os) ry D mpness,
regul te Qi n ssist the Spleen's tr nsform -
tion n tr nsport tion fun tion .
D ng Gui (R ix Angeli e Sinensis), Chu n
Xiong (Rhizom Ligusti i Chu nxiong), Ji Xue
Teng (C ulis Sp tholo i), Shu Di Hu ng (R ix
Rehm nni e Glutinos e Conquit ), B i Sh o
(R ix P eoni e L tiflor e), n He Shou Wu
(R ix Polygoni Multiflori) supplement, nour-
ish n invigor te the Bloo .
• Mu Li t (Con h Ostre e) n Xi Ku C o
(Spi Prunell e Vulg ris) soften h r ness n
issip te lumps .
• B i Hu She She C o (Her He yoti is Dif
fus e) le rs He t, relieves Toxi ity n h s
nti- n er properties .
Gener l mo ifi tions
1 . For severe vomiting of loo , S n Qi Fen
(Pelvis R i is Notoginseng) 3g, Yun N n B i
Y o (Yunn n White) 2g, Xi n He C o (Her
Agrimoni e Pilos e) 30g, n E Ji ot (Gel ti-
num Corii Asini) 10g.
For p in in the hest n k, B i Qu C i
(Her Cheli onii) 30g, Ch o Wu Ling hit
(Ex rementum Trogopteri, stir-frie ) 6g, Pu
Hu ng (Pollen Typh e) 6g, n Hu ng Y o i
(Rhizom Dios ore e Bul ifer e) 15g .
3 . For n in ess nt irrit ting ough, Qi n Hu
(R ix Peu e ni) 10g, Yu Xing t o (Her
Houttuvni e Cor t e) 20g, Gu Lou (Fru tus
Tri os nthis) 20g, n D i he Shit, (H em ti-
tum) 30g.
4 . Severe ysph gi n e tre te y ing i
N o Sh t (S l Ammoni um Purpureum) 30g
to 1500m1 of w ter n oiling own until
1000ml of the e o tion is left. Filter off the
liqui , 1000ml of vineg r to it n oil until
ry . T ke 1 .5g of the pow er three times y.
ACUPUNC I URE
M in points : CV 22 Ti ntu, LI-17 Ti n ing,
CV 13 Sh ng u n, CV 12 hongw n, n PC-6 Neigu n.
Auxili ry points
• For n er in the upper p rt of the esoph gus,
CV-21 Xu nji, n BL-13 Feishu joining
BL-15 Xinshu .
• For n er in the entr l p rt of the esoph -
gus, CV-17 D nzhong, n BL-20 Pishu
joining BL-17 Geshu.
• For n er in the lower p rt of the esoph gus,
CV-14 Juque n BL-18 G nshu.
• For vomiting n profuse phlegm, ST-40
Fenglong.
For oppression n p in in the hest, LI-4
Hegu, PC-6 Neigu n, CV-20 Hu g i, n
ST-18 Rugen .
• For Qi Defi ien y n l k of strength,
ST-36 us nli n CV-6 Qih i.
Te hnique : Insert o liquely ownw r to epth
of 1 .0-1 .5 n t CV 22 Ti ntu n m nipul te the
nee le for 30 se on s ; the st n r insertion te h-
nique shoul e employe t the other points.
Ret in the nee les for 20-30 minutes .
INTEGRATION OF CHINESE MEDICINE
IN TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR THE
MANAGEMENT OF ESOPHAGEAL
CANCER
Surgery n postoper tive perio
INTERNAL TREATMENT
Before surgery
A ministr tion efore surgery of TCM pres rip-

tions with m teri me i for supporting Vit l Qi
( heng Qi) improves the p tient's h n es of
enefiting from the oper tion . A et ile is us-
sion of the formul e involve n e foun in
Ch pter 3 .
Postoper tive perio
Two p tterns often o ur uring the postoper tive
perio :
Depletion of n m ge to Qi n Bloo
n Spleen-Stom h ish rmony
Tre tment prin iple
Soothe the Liver n fortify the Spleen, relieve
Toxi ity n inhi it tumors .
Commonly use ingre ients
Cu Ch o Ch i Hu (R ix Bupleuri, stir-frie with
vineg r) 9g
Hu ngQin (R ix S utell ri e B i lensis) 9g
B i Sh o (R ix P eoni e L tiflor e) 1 Og
Ch o B i hu (Rhizom Atr tylo is M ro eph l e,
stir-frie ) 9g
Fu Ling (S lerotium Pori e Co os) 9g
Mu Xi ng* (R ix Au kl n i e L pp e) 6g
Teng Li Gen (R ix A tini i e Chinensis) 15g
B n hi Li n (Her S utell ri e B r t e) 30g
Ji Nei Jinn` (En othelium Corneum Gigeri e G lli) 12g
Sh n h (Fru tus Cr t egi) 30g
• Qi n Yin Defi ien y
Tre tment prin iple
Supplement Qi n nourish Yin, relieve Toxi ity
n inhi it tumors .
Commonly use ingre ients
Xi Y ng Shen* (R ix P n is Quinquefolii) 3g, e-
o te sep r tely from the other ingre ients
Sh Shen (R ix Glehni e seu A enopohor e) 15g
T i i Shen (R ix Pseu ostell ri e Hetero-
phyll e) 15g
Xu n Shen (R ix S rophul ri e Ningpoensis) 1 Og
M i Men Dong (R ix Ophiopogonis J poni i) 9g
Shi Hu* (Her Den ro ii) 1 Og
ESOPHAGEAL CANCER 429
Yu hu (Rhizom Polygon ti O or ti) 9g
B i hu (Rhizom Atr tylo is M ro eph l e) 9g
• Ling (S lerotium Pori e Co os) 9g
Ji o ShenQu (M ss Ferment t , s or h-frie ) 15g
Chen Pi (Peri rpium Citri Reti ul t e) 9g
• Shou (Fru tus Citri S r o tylis) 9g
Sh n (Fru tus Cr t egi) 15g
B n hi Li n (Her S utell ri e B r t e) 30g
B i Hu She She C o (Her He yoti is Dif-
fus e) 30g
ACUPUNCTURE
A upun ture is very effe tive in tre ting iffi ulty
in sw llowing ue to mutu l o stru tion of Phlegm
n Qi n inhi ite movement in the esoph gus.
Tre tment prin iple
Relieve Depression, tr nsform Phlegm n open
lo k ge .
Points : ST 36 us nli, BL-21 Weishu, PC-6
Neigu n, CV 17 D nzhong, n CV 22 Ti ntu.
Te hnique: Apply the re u ing metho n ret in
the nee les for 20-30 minutes .
Expl n tion
Com ining ST-36 us nli with BL-21 Weishu
fortifies the Spleen n oosts the Stom h to
supplement the Root of L ter He ven n
ispel p thogeni f tors .
• PC-6 Neigu n, the luo (network) point of the
Yin linking vessel, e rs p thogeni tur i ity
ownw r to regul te the fun tion l tivities
of Qi.
• Com ining CV-17 D nzhong, the Se of Qi,
with CV-22 Ti ntu soothes Qi in the hest,
issip te lumps n enefits the thro t.
• The over ll om in tion of points llevi tes
sw llowing iffi ulties y freeing the fun -
tion l tivities of Qi .
EAR ACUPUNCTURE
Points : Esoph gus, Stom h n Shenmen .

430 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Te hnique: Att h W ng Bu Liu Xing (Semen
V ri e Seget lis) see s t the points with he-
sive t pe. Tell the p tient to press e h see for one
minute ten times yy Ch nge the see s every
three ys, using ltern te e rs .
Chinese m ter me i ommonly use in formu-
l e to re u e the si e-effe ts of r iother py in
tre ting esoph ge l n er v ry epen ing on the
tre tment prin iple n p tterns involve .
Cle ring He t n relieving Toxi ity
fin Yin Hu (Flos Loni er e) 15g
Li n,Qi o (Fru tus Forsythi e Suspens e) 15g
Hu ngQin (R ix S utell ri e B i lensis) 9g
Yu Xing C o (Her Houttuyni e Cor t e) 30g
Sh n Dou Gen (R ix Sophor e Tonkinensis) 9g
B n L n Gen (R ix Is ti is seu B phi nthi) 20g
She G n (Rhizom Bel m n e Chinensis) 9g
Pu Gong Ying (Her T r x i um R i e) 30g
S ng B i Pi (Cortex Mori Al e R i is) 15g
Chong Lou (Rhizom P ri is) 15g
B n hi Li n (Her S utell ri e B r t e) 30g
Cooling n supplementing Qi n Bloo
Xi Y ng Shen* (R ix P n is Quinquefolii) 3g, e-
o te sep r tely from the other ingre ients
Hu ngQi (R ix Astr g li seu He ys ri) 30g
Hu ng Jing (Rhizom Polygon ti) 20g
He Shou Vu (R ix Polygon Multiflori) 20g
Ji Xue Teng (C ulis Sp tholo i) 30g
Bei Sh Shen (R ix Glehni e Littor lis) 15g
Sheng Di Hu ng (R ix Rehm nni e Glutinos e) 15g
D ng Shen (R ix Co onopsitis Pilosul e) 20g
4
Gener ting Bo y Flui s n moistening
Dryness
Sheng Di Hu ng (R ix Rehm nn e Glutinos e) 15g
Xu n Shen (R ix S rophul ri e Ningpoensis) 9g
M i Men Dong (R ix Ophiopogons J pon i) 9g
Ti n Hu Fen (R ix Tri hos nthis) 15g
Lu Gen (Rhizom Phr gmitis Communis) 30g
Shi Hu* (Her Den ro ii) 15g
Ti rMen Dong (R ix Asp r gi Co hin hinensis) 1 Og
FORTIFYING THE SPLEEN AND
HARMONI ING THE STOMACH
• For poor ppetite s the m in symptom
Pres ription
XIANG SHA LIU JUN I TANG JIA JIAN
Au kl n i n Amomum Six Gentlemen De o -
tion, with mo ifi tions
T i i Shen (R ix Pseu ostell ri e Heterophyll e) 15g
B i hu (Rhizom Atr tylo is M ro eph l e) 9g
Fu Ling (S lerotium Pori e Co os) 9g
G n C o (R ix Gly yrrhiz e) 6g
Chen Pi (Peri rpium Citri Reti ul t e) 9g
• B n Xi (Rhizom Pinelli e Tern t e Pr ep -
r t ) 9g
Mu Xi ng* (R ix Au kl n i e L pp e) 6g
Sh Ren (Fru tus Amomi) 3g
Ji o Sh n h (Fru tus Cr t egi, s or h-frie ) 12g
Ji o ShenQu (M ss Ferment t , s or h-frie ) 12g
Ji o M i Y (Fru tus Hor ei Vulg ris Germin tus,
s or h-frie ) 12g
Ji Nei Jint (En othelium Corneum Gigeri e G lli) 9g
Altern tive formul
Pres ription
XIAO YAO SAN JIA JIAN
Free W n erer Pow er, with mo ifi tions
• Ch o Ch i Hu (R ix Bupleuri, stir-frie with
vineg r) 15g
D ng Gui (R ix Angeli e Sinensis) 15g
B i Sh o (R ix P eoni e L tiflor e) 15g
• Ling (S lerotium Pori e Co os) 9g
B i hu (Rhizom Atr tylo is M ro eph l e) 9g
G n C o (R ix Gly yrrhiz e) 6g
Hu ng Li n (Rhizom Copti is) 6g
ji o Sh n h (Fru tus Cr t egi, s or h-frie ) 15g
Ji o ShenQu (M ss Ferment t , s or h-frie ) 15g
Ji o M i Y (Fru tus Hor ei Vulg ris Germin tus,
s or h-frie ) 15g


ESOPHAGEAL CANCER 431

• For n use n vomiting s the m in Empiri l formul

'0g symptom
Hu ngQi (R ix Astr g li seu He ys ri) 15-30g
nsis) log Pres ription Sheng Di Hu ng (R ix Rehm nni e Glutinos e) 15-30g
ER CHEN TANG JIA JIAN Sh n Dou Gen (R ix Sophor e Tonkinensis) 15-30g
Two M ture Ingre ients De o tion, with mo ifi- Li nQi o (Fru tus Forsythi e Suspens e) 15-30g
tions She G n (Rhizom Bel m n e Chinensis) 9-15g
f
B n L n Gen (R ix Is ti is seu B phi nthi) 15-30g
Ch o Chen Pi (Peri rpium Citri Reti ul t e, Xu n Shen (R ix S rophul ri e Ningpoensis) 9g
7tom
stir-frie ) 9g Chen Pi (Peri rpium Citri Reti ul t e) 9g
Qing B n Xi (Rhizom Pinelli e Tern t e Depu- Qing B n Xi (Rhizom Pinelli e Tern t e
IAN r t ) 9g Depur t ) 9g
De o - Fu Ling (S lerotium Pori e Co os) 9g Ji o B i hu (Rhizom Atr tylo is M ro eph l e,
G n C o (R ix Gly yrrhiz e) 6g s or h-frie ) 9g
Ji o ShenQu (M ss Ferment t , s or h-frie ) 15-30g
ll e) 15g Mo if tions Gu Lou (Fru tus Tri hos nthis) 15-30g
t e) 9g
1 . For vomiting ue to Stom h-Col , Sheng
Ji ng (Rhizom ingi eris Offi in lis Re ens) 6g. One g per y is use to prep re e o tion,
2. For vomiting ue to Stom h-He t, hu Ru t ken two or three times y. St rt t king three or
(C ulis B m us e in T eniis) 10g. four ys efore the r iother py ourse om-
Pr ep - men es.
Altern tive formul
Pres ription Chemother py
12g JU PI HU RU TANG JIA JIAN
T ngerine Peel n B m oo Sh vings De o tion,
i) 12g
with mo ifi tions INTERNAL TREATMENT
nin tus,
Chen Pi (Peri rpium Citri Reti ul t e) 9g Tre tment prin iple
- ll) 9g • B n Xi (Rhizom Pinelli e Tern t e Pr e- Supplement Qi n nourish the Bloo , fortify the
p r t ) 9g Spleen n h rmonize the Stom h, enri h n
• Ling (S lerotium Pori e Co os) 9g supplement the Liver n Ki neys, relieve Toxi ity
G n C o (R ix Gly yrrhiz e) 6g n tr nsform Phlegm.
hu Ru (C ulis B m us e in T eniis) 15g
D ng Shen (R ix Co onopsitis Pilosul e) 15g Ingre ients of si formul
M i Men Dong (R ix Ophiopogonis J poni i) 9g Hu ng Qi (R ix Astr g li seu He ys ri) 30g
: with Pi P Ye (Folium Erio otry e J poni e) 20g D ng Shen (R ix Co onopsitis Pilosul e) 15g
Sheng Ji ng (Rhizom ingi eris Offi in lis B i hu (Rhizom Atr tylo is M ro eph l e) 9g
Re ens) 6g • Ling (S lerotium Pori e Co os) 9g
D o (Fru tus iziphi Juju e) 1 Og Chen Pi (Peri rpium Citri Reti ul t e) 9g
• B n Xi (Rhizom Pinelli e Tern t e Pr e-
te) 9g Mo if tions p r t ) 9g
1 . For Stom h-Col , remove &' Ru (C ulis Ji Nei Jint (En othelium Corneum Gigeri e
B m us e in T eniis) n M i Men Dong G lli) 12g
15g (R ix Ophiopogonis J poni i) . Ji o Shen Qu (M ss Ferment t , s or h-frie ) 20g
1 15g 2. For Stom h-He t, repl e D ng Shen (R ix Nii hen i (Fru tus Ligustri Lu i i) 15g
in tus, Co onopsitis Pilosul e) with Ding Xi ng (Flos GouQi i (Fru tus Ly ii) 15g
C ryophylli) 5g. • Si i (Semen Cus ut e) 15g
432 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
He Shou Wu (R ix Polygoni Multiflori) 20g
D n Shen (R ix S lvi e Miltiorrhiz e) 20g
Sh n Dou Gen (R ix Sophor e Tonkinensis) 9g
Chong Lou (Rhizom P ri is) 15g
Over ll om ine ther py
Purpose : Enh n ing the over ll results o t ine
y the tre tment str tegy n preventing lo l on-
stri tion n re urren e.
Tre tment prin iple
Supplement Qi n nourish the Bloo , le r He t
n relieve Toxi ity, fortify the Spleen n h rmo-
nize the Stom h, ssiste y m teri me i for
softening h r ness n issip ting lumps, stopping
lee ing n inhi iting tumors.
Pres ription ingre ients
Hu ngQi (R ix Astr g li seu He ys ri) 15-30g
fin Yin Hu (Flo Loni er e) 15-30g
Sh n Dou Gen (R ix Sophor e Tonkinensis) 15-30g
B n L n Gen (R ix Is ti is seu B phi nthi) 15-30g
Xu n Shen (R ix S rophi zl ri e Ningpoensis) 9g
Ch o Chen Pi (Peri rpium Citri Reti ul t e,
stir-frie ) 9g
Xi Ku C o (Spi Prunell e Vulg ris) 15g
H i o (Her S rg ssi) 9g
Xi n He C o (Her Agrimoni e Pilos e) 30g
B i hu (Rhizom Atr tylo is M ro eph l e) 9g
Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coi is L hrym -jo i) 60g
B n hi Li n (Her S utell ri e B r t e) 30g
Ji o ShenQu (M ss Ferment t , s or h-frie ) 30g
One g per y is use to prep re e o tion,
t ken twi e y for minimum of three months .
Depen ing on the p tient's on ition, this formul
m y nee to e t ken for more th n six months .
Purpose : Mo ilizing the efensive tions of the
o y to strengthen the immune system, irliproving
the long-term ther peuti effe t n prolonging the
surviv l time fter surgery, r iother py or hemo-
ther py.
Tre tment prin iple
Supplement Qi n nourish the Bloo , le r He t
n relieve Toxi ity, n inhi it n er.
Pres ription ingre ients
Hu ngQi (R ix Astr g li seu He ys ri) 15-30g
Ji Xue Teng (C ulis Sp tholo i) 30g
D n Shen (R ix S lvi e Miltiorrhiz e) 20g
Gu Lou (Fru tus Tri hos nthis) 15-30g
Xi Ku C o (Spi Prunell e Vulg ris) 9-15g
H i o (Her S rg ssi) 9-15g
WYlei Ling Xi n (R ix Clem ti is) 15g
Sh n Dou Gen (R ix Sophor e Tonkinensis) 9g
Long Kui (Her Sol ni Nigri) 20-30g
Chen Pi (Peri rpium Citri Reti ul t e) 9g
B i hu (Rhizom Atr tylo is M ro eph l e) 9g
Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coi is L hrym -jo i) 30g
Ji o Sh n h (Fru tus Cr t egi, s or h-frie ) 12g
Ji o ShenQu (M ss Ferment t , s or h-frie ) 12g
Ji o M i Y (Fru tus Hor ei Vulg ris Germin tus,
s or h-frie ) 12g
B n hi Ii n (Her S utell ri e B r t e) 30g
Chong Lou (Rhizom P ri is) 15-20g
One g per y is use to prep re e o tion,
t ken twi e y on long-term sis.
Tre tment notes
Sin e e rly i gnosis of esoph ge l r inom is
still iffi ult, 70-80 per ent of p tients re not
suit le for surgery on e they re eventu lly i g-
nose with the ise se . Even when surgery is
performe in e rly-st ge ses, there is still signifi-
nt possi ility of re urren e or met st sis . Che-
mother py or om in tion of hemother py n
r iother py h s so f r only hieve limite su -
ess. Although postoper tive hemother py shoul
theoreti lly e le to ontrol ist nt met st sis,
there is so f r no on lusive s ientifi evi en e to
prove th t it oes so. In my experien e t the
Sino J p nese Frien ship Hospit l, integr ting
TCM with these ther pies h s in re se the over ll
effe t of the tre tment in terms of relieving symp-
toms n prolonging surviv l.
TCM n not only ttenu te the toxi ity pro-
u e y r iother py for esoph ge l n er, ut
lso works synergisti lly y in re sing sensitivity to
r iother py, improving mi ro ir ul tion n in-
re sing the loo flow. M teri me i for


invigor ting the Bloo n tr nsforming Bloo st sis Ji Xing i (Semen Imp tientis B ls min e)
ommonly use to hieve this effe t in lu e Hong Hu F B n Xi (Rhizom Pinelli e Tern t e Pr ep r t )
Ig
(Flos C rth mi Tin torii), Su Mu (Lignum S pp n), D n N n Xingl (Pulvis Aris em tis um Felle Bovis)
Ji Xue Teng (C ulis Sp tholo i), Chi Sh o (R ix
P eoni e Ru r ), S n Qi Fen (Pulvis R i is
Notoginseng), n Chu n Xiong (Rhizom Ligusti i Other ther pies
Chu nxiong) . However, l rge os ges of these
m teri me i must e voi e to ounter ny risk DIET THERAPY
of ist nt met st sis uring r iother py.
g • After surgery, on e p tients n t ke foo
Most p tients visiting the hospit l lini re
norm lly, they shoul follow liqui or semi-liqui
lre y t the interme i te or l te st ge of esoph g-
iet high in nutrition l v lue with foo s su h s B i
:) 9g e l n er. Du l epletion of Qi n Bloo , n Qi
He hou (Lily Congee) in om in tion with soups
st gn tion n Bloo st sis re the two most fre-
m e from fresh me t sto k, eggs, veget les n
12g quently en ountere p tterns . In most inst n es, fruits (see Ch pter 7 for more inform tion). Stimu-
12g they re tre te or ing to the prin iples of l ting foo s su h s spi y or physi lly hot foo s
.i tus, ugmenting Qi n nourishing the Bloo , ssiste shoul e voi e .
y loosening the hest, regul ting Qi, tr nsforming 1 . For p tients with prev len e of Stom h-Col ,
Bloo st sis n relieving Toxi ity. ook portion of pig's intestines with Chinese
pri kly sh (Hu Ji o, Peri rpium nthoxyli)
:tion, Commonly use m teri me i in lu e:
30g n pe nuts 10g until ll the ingre ients
• for supplementing Qi n nourishing the
re very ten er; s lt to t ste. E t 30g e h
Bloo y.
Hu ngQi (R ix Astr g li seu He ys ri) 2. For p tients with prev len e of Stom h-He t,
D ng Shen (R ix Co onopsitis Pilosul e) m sh pe nuts 50g n fresh lotus root 50g,
n is fresh milk 200m1 n honey 30m1, n
B i u (Rhizom Atr tylo is M ro eph l e)
not ook until very ten er . Drink 30-50m1 every
D ng Gui (R ix Angeli e Sinensis)
i g- evening.
Ji Xue Teng (C ulis Sp tholo i)
ry is • P tients shoul t ke foo three to five times
gnifi- D n Shen (R ix S lvi e Miltiorrhiz e) y. If there is n use n vomiting fter foo ,
Che- • for loosening the hest n regul ting Qi p tients shoul e vise to sit own for while or
n w lk roun slowly; the symptoms shoul is p-
su - Gu Lou (Fru tus Tri hos nthis) pe r very soon. P tients n lso e given e o -
ioul Xie B i (Bul us Allii M rostemi) tion of fresh ginger 10g for frequent sipping . For
;t sis, Chen Pi (Peri rpium Citri Reti ul t e) in ess nt vomiting, e o t three pie es of per-
e to Yu Jin (R ix Cur um e) simmon lyx (Shi Di, C lyx Diospyri K ki) n
t the Y n Hu Suo (Rhizom Cory lis Y nhusuo) rink the liqui .
-sting • During r iother py or hemother py, p tients
ver ll • for tr nsforming Bloo st sis t,n relieving shoul t ke foo with high nutrition l v lue th t
YmP Toxi ity is e sy to sw llow su h s milk, sponge ke, Chi-
nese y m pow er mixe with w ter, ori n er,
pro- B n hi Ir n (Her S utell ri e B r t e) olz , jelly fungus, n l ver.
; ut B i Hu She She C o (Her He yoti is Diffus e) • For p tients t the l te st ge of esoph ge l
ity to • for symptom ti tre tment n er, poun Chinese hives (Xie B i, Bul us AN
t in- M rostemi) 100g into jui e, ste m with two
. for W ei Ling Xi n (R ix Clem ti is) eggs n t ke sep r tely in two equ l portions ;

434 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
ltern tively, t ke Ling Ji o hou (W ter C ltrop
Congee) regul rly.
• As p rt of the regul r iet, p tients shoul e t
more pe rs, persimmons n honey; l ohol, ig -
rettes, hilli, h r n run hy foo su h s pot to
risps, n eep-frie foo re ontr in i te .
QIGONG THERAPY
Strengthening Qigong is suit le for this type of
n er, ut shoul not e pr ti e where there is
risk of the p tient t hing ol .
Clini l experien e n se
histories
LI PEIWEN
C se history
A m n of 38 first visite the Sino J p nese Frien ship
Hospit l in Beijing in June 1985 ompl ining of gr u-
lly worsening vomiting n ysph gi . The on ition
w s i gnose s r inom of the esoph gus y r io-
gr phi n esoph gos opi ex min tion . In Septem er
1985, he un erwent rese tion of the tumor
esoph gog strostomy. Histologi ex min tion of the
rese te spe imen g ve the i gnosis of squ mous ell
r inom (st ge III) .
Two months l ter, the p tient w s referre to the
TCM ep iulient. Sin e the oper tion, his gener l he lth
h een poor, n he often suffere from f tigue,
swe ting, oppression n p in in the hest, re u e
foo int ke, n poor sleep ; urine n stool were norm l.
The tongue o y w s p le re with slightly re tip n
yellow o ting; the pulse w s thre y n we k .
P ttern i entifi tion
Qi n Yin Defi ien y, Spleen-Stom h ish rmony .
Tre tment prin iple
Augment Qi n nourish Yin, fortify the Spleen n tive i gnosis w s m e .
h rmonize the Stom h, loosen the hest n regul te
Qi, tr nsform Bloo st sis n relieve Toxi ity.
Ingre ients of m in pres ription
D ng Shen (R ix Co onopsitis Pilosul e) 20g
Hu ngQi (R ix Astr g li seu He ys ri) 3Og
M i Men Dong (R ix Ophiopogonis J poni i) 15g
Wu Wei i (Fru tus S his n r e) 9g
Gu Lou (Fru tus Tri hos nthis) 20g
• Jin (R ix Cur um e) 9g
• ing (S lerotium Pori e Co os) 12g
Ji Nei Jint (En othelium Corneum Gigeri e G lli) 12g
• B n Xi (Rhizom Pinelli e Tern t e Pr ep r t ) 9g
D n N n Xingt (Pulvis Aris em tis um Felle Bovis) 6g
Ji Xing i (Semen Imp tientis B ls min e) 9g
Wei Ling Xi n (R ix Clem ti is) 15g
Fu Xi o M i (Fru tus Triti i Aestivi Levis) 30g
A itions for poor ppetite n poor sleep
Ji o Sh n h (Fru tus Cr t egi, s or h-frie ) 15g
Ji o M i Y (Fru tus Hor ei Vulg ris Germin tus,
s or h-frie ) 15g
Ji o Shen Ju (M ss Ferment t , s or h-frie ) 15g
B i i Ren (Semen Biot e Orient lis) 20g
Ch o Su n o Ren (Semen iziphi Spinos e, stir-frie )
20g
y The pres ription w s om ine with Ji Wei Xi Hu ng
Ji o N ng (Augmente Western Bovine Bezo r C psule),
two psules twi e y, n Ti n Xi n W n (He venly
Go ess Pill), three pills twi e y.
The p tient ontinue to follow the tre tment for
more th n three ye rs . The symptoms gr u lly im-
prove n eventu lly is ppe re . In Fe ru ry 1989,
the p tient w s re-ex mine . Fin ings were in the nor-
m l r nge for hest X-r y, upper igestive tr t r io-
gr phy, liver n ren l fun tion tests, loo se iment -
tion r te, r inoem ryoni ntigen, immunoglo ulin,
omplement, n serum protein ele trophoresis . There
h een no re urren e or met st sis n the p tient
h survive for three n h lf ye rs sin e the efini-


regulate
Breast cancer

12g Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women who do not smoke.
.ta) 9g Throughout the world, about 1 .2 million women are diagnosed with breast cancer and 0.5
ris) 6g million women die of it every year . There are significant geographical differences, with the
highest morbidity rates found in Western Europe, North America, Australia and New Zea-
land, and lower rates in Asia, Africa and Latin America.
As longevity has increased in China and with the introduction of more r ar screening,
so the age range for developing breast cancer has expanded from 45-60 to 35-70, with 75
P percent of cases falling within the 40-59 age group . In many Western countries with a
higher proportion of elderly people in the overall population, about 60 percent of breast
ninatus, cancers occur in women over 60 . Apart from age, the main risk factors are previous breast
cancer and a family history of breast cancer.
Breast cancers may originate in the milk glands, milk ducts, fatty tissue, or connective
it-fried) tissue and may be in situ or invasive ; invasive breast cancers may be localized, only affecting
the same or opposite breast, or metastasize to the lungs, liver, bones, lymph nodes, and
brain. Most breast cancers start in the milk ducts or milk glands ; ductal carcinoma in situ
i Huang can develop before or after menopause, whereas lobular carcinoma in situ usually occurs
apsule), before menopause. Most invasive breast cancers are ductal .
eavenly

ent for Clinical manifestations

lly im-
• The initial symptom of breast cancer is usually a firm painless increasing mass or lump
7 1989,
with no clear margin and located in the upper part of the breast; this accounts for around
ze nor-
80 percent of patients presenting with breast cancer.
' radio-
• At the initial stage, the lump may be mobile ; in the later stages, it will adhere to the
menta- chest wall or overlying skin and become fixed . In advanced cases, swelling or ulceration
obulin,
may develop on the skin.
There • Inverted nipple, nipple erosion or nipple discharge may occur .
patient • The breast may lose its normal contour and the overlying skin may develop an orange
defini- skin-like appearance (peau d'orange) or become inflamed .

Etiology and pathology

Internal factors
• The breast is traversed by the Liver channel, whereas the Stomach channel passes through

436 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
the nipple . In addition, women rely on the Chong
and Ren vessels as the Root, which depends on the
Essence-Qi of the Kidneys. Deficiency of Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi), internal damage due to the seven
emotions, obstruction of Spleen Qi, and Deficiency
of the Liver and Kidneys will disturb Qi and Blood
and cause disharmony of the Chong and Ren
vessels. When the functions of the Zang-Fu organs
are debilitated and the immune function weakened,
Qi and Blood will stagnate, and Phlegm will congeal .
Pathogenic Toxins will eventually accumulate in the
network vessels of the breast, resulting in cancer .
• Prolonged emotional depression may lead to
endocrine disturbance, imbalance in the sex hor-
mone level and over-secretion of estrogen . Persis-
tent stimulation of estrogen will result in loss of
control of cell division, giving rise to carcinomatous
changes.
External factors
• External Pathogenic Wind-Cold can take
advantage of Deficiency in the channels to settle
and bind with Blood to form lumps .
• Pathogenic Fire Toxins invade the Zang-Fu
organs to cause breast cancer with inflammation,
characterized by redness, swelling and pain .
• Nipple erosion or nipple discharge is due to
invasion of pathogenic Damp .
Pattern identification and
treatment principles
LIVER DEPRESSION AND QI STAGNA-
TION
Main symptoms and signs
Firm lumps in the breast with distension and pain
but without any change in skin color, an impatient
or melancholic mood, oppression in the chest and
distension in the hvpochondrium, irritability, poor
appetite, a bitter taste in the mouth, dry throat,
dizziness, and distension in the breast before men-
struation . The tongue body is dull with a thin yellow
coating; the pulse is wiry, or wiry and thread\:
Treatment principle
Dredge the Liver and regulate Qi, transform
Phlegm and dissipate lumps .
Prescription
XIAO YAO SAN
Free Wanderer Powder, with modifications
Cu Chao Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri, stir-fried with
vinegar) 9g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 12g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) l Og
Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi) 9g
Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae) 9g
Qing Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae Viride) 9g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 9g
Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Meliae Toosendan) 9g
Ju Ye (Folium Citri Reticulatae) 9g
Huang Qi (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 9g
Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) 15g
Pu Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice) 20g
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 30g
Xie Bai (Bulbus Allii Macrostemi) 9g
Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) 15g
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis) 15g
Explanation
• Cu Chao Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri, stir-fried with
vinegar) allows constrained Liver Qi to flow
freely.
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Bai Shao
(Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) nourish the Blood
and emolliate the Liver .
• Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi), 1'// fin
(Radix Curcumae) and Xie Bai (Bulbus Allii
Macrostemi) move Qi and relieve Depression,
invigorate the Blood and alleviate pain .
• Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Qing Pi
(Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride), Chuan
Lian Zi (Fructus Meliae Toosendan), and Ju Ye
(Folium Citri Reticulatae) regulate Qi and trans-
form stagnation .
• Huang Qi (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) sup-
plements Qi .
• Pu Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice), Xia
Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) and Gua Lou
(Fructus Trichosanthis) clear Heat, relieve Tox-
icity and transform Phlegm to dissipate lumps in
the breast .

Yi Y Ren Semen Coicis La -'o and Bai Zhu
(Rhizoma Atractvlodis Macrocephalae stre e (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) fortify the Spleen
the Spleen's transformation and transportation
function .
Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis) and Shan Ci Gu
udobulbus Shancigu) clear Heat, relieve
Toxicity and have anti-cancer properties .
PHLEGM-DAMP DUE TO SPLEEN
DEFICIENCY
Main symptoms and signs
Firm and uneven lumps in the breast and axillae,
sallow yellow facial complexion, mental and physical
fatigue, cold hands and feet, oppression in the chest
and distension in the stomach, reduced appetite,
and loose stools. The tongue body is pale with teeth
marks and a white or white and greasy coating, the
pulse is slippery and thready, or wiry and slippery .
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and transform Phlegm, soften
hardness and dissipate lumps .
Prescription
XIANG SHA LIU JUN ZI TANG IA JIAN
Aucklandia and Amomum Six Gentlemen Decoc-
tion, with modifications
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 9g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae) 9g
Mu Xiant (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 6g
Sha Ren (Fructus Amomi) 3g
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
Mu Lit (Concha Ostreae) 15g
Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) 15g
Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) 15g
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 30g
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa-
rata) 9g
Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) 9g
Ji Nei Jint (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli) 12g
Explanation
• Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae Bai Zhu
(Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Fu Ling
BREAST CANCER 437
Sclerotium Poriae Cocos and Yi Yi Ren
and dry Dampness.
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Sha Ren
(Fructus Amomi), Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklan-
diae Lappae), and Ji Nei Jint (Endothelium
Corneum Gigeriae Galli) regula i and dis-
perse accum ula tion .
Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris and Shan
Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) clear Heat and
relieve Toxicity .
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis), Fa Ban Xia
ma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata), Chuan
Bei Mu ulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae), and Mu
Li t (Concha Ostreae) soften hardness, trans-
form Phlegm and dissipate lumps .
DISHARMONY OF THE CHONG AND
REN VESSELS
Main symptoms and sigiis
ful on
Firm lumps in the breast which are
r menstruation, aching and limp-
pressure, irr
ness in the lower back and legs, distension in the
breast before menstruation, a sensation of heat in
the chest, palms and soles, dry eyes, and dry mouth .
The tongue body is pale with a thin white coating ;
the pulse is wiry and thready, or slippery and thready.
This pattern occurs more often where the woman is
nulliparous, or has multiple miscarriages, or does
not breast-feed the baby.
Treatment principle
Harmonize the Chong and Ren vessels, enrich the
Liver and supplement the Kidneys .
Prescription
LIU WEI DI HUANG TANG IA IAN
Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Decoction, with modifi-
cations
Xian M (Rhizoma Curculiginis Orchioidis) 15g
Yin I ang Huo (Herba Epimedii) 9g
Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi) 9g
Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae) 9g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 9g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 6g

438 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 6g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita) 15g
Nu Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 20g
Ju Hua (Flos Chrysanthemi Morifolii) 3g
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 20g
Hai Zao (Herba Sargassi) 15g
Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) 15g
Qing Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride) 9g
Explanation
• Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita), Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae
Glutinosae), GonQi Zi (Fructus Lycii), Nu Zhen
Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi), Xian Mao (Rhizoma
Curculiginis Orchioidis), Yin Yang Huo (Herba
Epimedii), and Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Oppositae) supplement Kidney Yin and Yang .
• Xiong Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi), Yu fin
(Radix Curcumae), Ju Hua (Flos Chrysanthemi
Morifolii), and Qing Pi (Pericarpium Citri Re-
ticulatae Viride) regulate Qi and relieve depres-
sion, move the Blood, clear Heat and alleviate
pain .
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Bai Shao
(Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) nourish the Blood
and emolhate the Liver.
• Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) and Chuan Xiong
(Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) allow con-
strained Liver Qi to flow freely and invigorate
the Blood .
• Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis), Hai Zao
(Herba Sargassi) and Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus
Shancigu) dissipate lumps, clear Heat and
transform Phlegm .
ACCUMULATION OF STASIS AND
TOXINS
Main symptoms and signs
Firm and immovable lumps in the breast with a
sensation of burning heat and pain, the skin above
the lump is dull purple with an indistinct border, or
there may be an ulcerated swelling like an upside-
down flower with oozing of foul-smelling blood or
pus; accompanying symptoms include irritability,
dry mouth, afternoon fever, shortness of breath,
lack of strength, constipation, and reddish urine .
The tongue body is red or dull red with stasis marks
and a yellow coating ; the pulse is slippery and rapid,
or wiry and rapid .
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and relieve Toxiciti, transform Blood
stasis and dissipate lumps .
Prescription
TAO HONG SI WU TANG HE JIN YIN HUA
GAN CAO TANG JIA JIAN
Peach Kernel and Safflower Four Agents Decoction
Combined With Honeysuckle and Licorice Decoc-
tion, with modifications
Tao Ben (Semen Persicae) 9g
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) 9g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 12g
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 20g
fin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) 15g
Pu Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice) 20g
Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis) 15g
Ye Ju Hua (Flos Chrysanthemi Morifolii) 6g
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 9g
Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) 15g
Ku Shen (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis) 15g
HuangQi (Radix Astragals seu Hedysari) 30g
Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corvdalis Yanhusuo) 9g
Bai Y ing (Herb a Solani Lyrati) 20g
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
SanQi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 3g, infused
in the prepared decoction
Explanation
• Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corvdalis Yanhusuo), Tao Ren
(Semen Persicae), Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra),
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae), E Zhu (Rhi-
zoma Curcumae), Hong Hlea (Flos Carthami Tinc-
torii), and San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng~
invigorate the Blood and alleviate pain .
• fin I in Hua (Flos Lonicerae), Pu Gong Ying
(Herba Taraxaci cum Radice), I e Ju Hua (Flos

)side- C anthe Morifolii), Ku Shen (Radix Sopho-
od or rae Flavescentis), and Chong Lou (Rhizoma
bility, Paridis) clear Heat, dry Dampness and relieve
reath, Toxicity.
urine . Huang Oi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) sup-
narks plements Qi and promotes the discharge of pus .
rapid, Ban Zhi Iran (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae), Shan
Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) and Bai Ying
(Herba Solani Lyrati) clear Heat, relieve Toxicity
and have anti-cancer properties .
3lood
DEPLETION OF QI AND BLOOD
Main symptoms and signs
HUA
Late-stage breast cancer (also known in TCM as nryan
ction or mammary rock), characterized by lumps in the
°coc- breast which erode and then ulcerate giving off
foul-smelling, thin, clear exudate, accompanied by
dry and lusterless skin, mental fatigue, emaciation, a
pallid facial complexion, dizziness, feeling flustered,
shortness of breath, reduced appetite, difficult
digestion, profuse sweating, sleeplessness, clear
urine, and loose stools. The tongue body is pale
with a yellow, or thick and greasy coating; the pulse
is deep, thready and forceless .
Treatment principle
Supplement nourish the Blood whilst
relieving Toxicity.
Prescription
YI QI YANG RONG TANG HE SHI QUAN
DA BU TANG JIA JIAN
Decoction for Augmenting Qi and Nourishing Ying
ised Qi Combined With Perfect Major Supplementation
Decoction, with modifications
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 20g
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae) 20g
Xi Yang Shen* (Radix Panacis Quinquefolii) 3g,
decocted separately
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 9g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 9g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 40g
'ing
'los Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati) 20g
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 20g
BREAST CANCER 439
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 15g
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 15g
Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi) 9g
Ban Zhi Iran (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 20g
Pu Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice) 20g
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 30g
Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri) 20g
Explanation
• Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae), Bai Zhu
hizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) fortify the
Spleen and dry Dampness .
Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) and
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) supplement
Qi and Blood .
Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati), Xi Yang Shen*
(Radix Panacis Quinquefolii) and Tai Zi Shen
(Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae) supple-
ment Qi and nourish Yin .
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae), Chi Shao
(Radix Paeoniae Rubra), Ji Xue Teng (Caulis
Spatholobi), and Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi
Rotundi) regulate Qi, clear Heat and invigorate
the Blood .
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae), Pu
Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice), Bai Hua
She She Cao (Herba Hedvotidis Diffusae), and
Long Kin (Herba Solani Nigri) clear Heat, relieve
Toxicity and have anti-cancer properties .
INTEGRATION OF CHINESE MEDICINE
IN TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR THE
MANAGEMENT OF BREAST CANCER
Integrating Chinese medicine in the overall treat-
ment strategy for breast cancer can obtain very
good results by improving the therapeutic effect,
raising the quality of life and prolonging the sur-
vival period .
TCM treatment for supporting Vital Qi (Zheng
Qi) and dispelling pathogenic factors should be
applied throughout the course of treatment with
surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Surgery and postoperative period
INTERNAL TREATMENT
• After surgery for breast cancer, internal treat-
ment with Chinese materia medica can help the
patient to recover more quickly and also lay the
foundation for strengthening the body to cope
better with future radiotherapy or chemotherapy .
Treatment principle
Supplement Qi and nourish the Blood, fortify the
Spleen and boost the Kidneys .
Prescription ingredients
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyl-
lae) 20g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 15g
Huang Ping (Rhizoma Polygonati) 20g
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 20g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 1 Og
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 20g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 9g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 9g
Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried) 12g
Jiao ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) 12g
Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
scorch-fried) 12g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Dan Sheaa (Radix Salviae Milltiorrhizae) 20g
Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
Yin Yaazg Huo (Herba Epimedii) 1 Og
• If the surgical wound does not heal, this is due
to depletion and deficiency of Qi and Blood and
obstruction of static Blood .
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and nourish the Blood, invigorate the
Blood and free the network vessels .
Prescription ingredients
HuaaagQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Dan,g Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 20g
Dan Sheaa (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 30g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 9g
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 15g
Ye Ju Hua (Flos Chrysanthemi Morifolii) 9g
fin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) 20g
Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis) 15g
Er Cha (Pasta Acaciae seu Uncariae) 9g
Long Guy (Os Draconis) 15g
Mu Lill (Concha Ostreae) 15g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 9g
Y< Jin (Radix Curcumae) 9g
Accompanying external treatment
Apply Sheng Ji San (Powder for Generating Flesh) or
Hua Y'u Sheng Ji Fen (Powder for Transforming
Blood Stasis and Generating Flesh) to the affected
area and hold in place with a gauze dressing.
Change once a day.
EXTERNAL TREATMENT
For postoperative swelling in the upper arms, local
external treatment can be combined with the inter-
nal treatment described above based on pattern
identification for postoperative conditions .
Three prescriptions can be used depending on
the manifestations . Decoct the ingredients to
produce 500-800m1 of liquid, which is used first to
steam then to soak the affected arm for 30 minutes,
once or twice a day. Alternatively, 50m) of the
concentrated decoction can be obtained for applica-
tion to the affected arm, then covered by gauze and
wrapped in plastic film ; change the dressing two or
three times a day :
Prescription 1
Indication: mild and medium swelling with dull
white skin that is cold to the touch .
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and benefit the movement of
water.
Prescription ingredients
Zhu Ling (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati) 50g
Fu king (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 50g

Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 50g
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 50g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 20g
Da Fu Pi (Fructus Kochiae Scopariae) 30g'
Prescription 2
Indication : swelling in the upper arm with red-
dened skin that feels hot to the touch .
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and benefit the movement of
water, clear Heat and relieve Toxicity.
Prescription ingredients
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 50g
Zhu Zing (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati) 50g
Ban Ran Gen (Radix Isatidis seu Baphicacanthi) 50g
DaQing Ye (Folium Isatidis seu Baphicacanthi) 50g
fin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) 30g
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 20g
Da Fu Pi (Fructus Kochiae Scopariae) 30g
Prescription 3
Indication : swelling with bluish-purple skin that is
cold to the touch .
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and benefit the movement of
water, transform Blood stasis and dissipate lumps .
Prescription ingredients
Huang Oi adix Astragali seu Hedysari) 50g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 50g
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 50g
Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) 50g
Jiang Can+ (Bombvx Batryticatus) 50g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 20g
SanQi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 15g
Bai Qu Cai (Herba Chelidonii) 50g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 30g
fi Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 60g
DIET THERAPY
For persistent swelling with a normal skin color and
which depresses on palpation (pitting edem
prescribe u u Mi Zhou (Five Grains Conge to take
once or twice a day on a long-term basis .
BREAST CANCER 441
Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
Lian Zi (Semen Nelumbinis Nuciferae) 30g
Gao Liang Mi (Sorghum Vulgare) 30g
Qian Shi (Semen Euryales Ferocis) 30g
Da Z uctus Ziziphi jujubae) 30g
Preparation
Put the ingredients in a pot with 1000ml of water,
ring to the boil and simmer for 40 minutes until
the congee thickens .
Radiotherapy
Breast cancer is relatively sensitive to radiotherapy,
which can be given before or after surgery or as a
palliative treatment for patients who cannot or do
not wish to undergo surgery However, radiotherapy
for breast cancer can cause severe side-effects
manifesting as painful local skin, ulceration, swelling
and fibrosis, radiation pneumonitis, and radiation
damage to the heart. Radiation pneumonitis and
cardiotoxieityare discussed in detail in Chapter 4 .
LN I ERNAL TREATMENT
DAMAGE TO YIN
Main symptoms and signs
A sensation of burning heat and p in the skin,
dry mouth with a desire for drinks, irritability due to
Heat, reduced food intake, dry stools, and yellow or
reddish urine . The tongue body is red with a scant
coating ; the pulse is thready and rapid .
Treatment principle
Nourish Yin and generate Body Fluids, clear Heat
and relieve Toxicity.
Prescription ingredients
Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) 20g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis) 30g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 20g
Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) 20g
fin Yin Hua los Lonicerae) 30g
Huang 0 dix Scutellariae Baicalensis 9g
442 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 9g
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 9g
Su Mu (Lignum Sappan) 9g
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g
Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried) 12g
Jiao ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) 12g
Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
scorch-fried) 12g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 9g
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL TREATMENT
SKIN DAMAGE DUE TO RADIATION
Main symptoms and signs
The skin in the affected area is red, swollen, dry,
scaly, and itchy; there may also be erosion, exuda-
tion, or ulceration with acute pain .
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and nourish the Blood, draw out
Toxins and generate flesh .
Prescription ingredients
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 40g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 20g
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis) 20g
Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) 15g
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis) 30g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 15g
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae) 20g
fin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) 20g
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 12g
Ju Hua (Flos Chrysanthemi Morifolii) 9g
Pu Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice) 20g
Bai Xian Pi (Cortex Dictamni Dasycarpi Radicis) 15g
Ku Shen (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis) 15g
Di Fu Zi (Fructus Kochiae Scopariae) 15g
Ian Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) 9g
Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) 15g
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 9g
Chao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
stir-fried) 20g
External treatment
Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao Oade and Red Paste for Gen-
erating Flesh)
Dan Huang You (Egg Yolk Oil)
Sheng Ji Fen (Powder for Generating Flesh)
Apply one of these prescriptions to the affected
area twice a day
Chemotherapy
Breast cancer is a solid tumor and one of most
responsive to chemotherapy . General and local
chemotherapy can help to improve the therapeutic
effect of surgery and radiotherapy, and conserve as
much of the breast as possible. Chemotherapy for
metastatic breast cancer helps to relieve symptoms
and improve the quality of life .
Chemotherapy for breast cancer often causes
gastrointestinal reactions characterized by nausea
and vomiting and irregular bowel movements ; other
side-effects include poor appetite, bone marrow
suppression, altered liver function, cardiotoxicity,
and alopecia. The treatment of these conditions is
discussed in detail in Chapter 4 .
Endocrine therapy
Endocrine therapy with hormone-blocking drugs is
a palliative treatment and can have a significant
effect in achieving remission of symptoms, pro-
longing survival time and improving the quality of
life for patients at an advanced stage . However,
long-term use of drugs such as tamoxifen,
medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate, or
aminoglutethimide can cause irregular menstrua-
tion, nausea and vomiting, and poor appetite.
The treatment of these conditions is discussed in
detail in Chapters 4 and 5 .
Treatment notes
In China, integrating TCM in the overall treatment
strategy for breast cancer has given good results .
The various treatment methods adopted depend


BREAST CANCER

essentially on the stage reached by the cancer
staging based on WHO classification using the
en- TNM method
• Carcinoma in situ- simple resection with postop-
erative TCM treatment for supporting Vital
(Zheng Qi) and expelling pathogenic factors.
cted • Stage 1 : surgery consisting of simple mastec-
tomy plus removal of the axillary lymph nodes
node dissection) . Chemotherapy is performed
supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi), assisted by materia
medica for expelling pathogenic factors, should be
taken during the treatment in accordance with the
patterns identified . Alternatively, treat with these
materia medica and combine with endocrine ther-
apy.
Other therapies

postoperatively to reduce the risk of dissemination

(this applies to about 15% of the patients) . For DIET THERAP
lost menopausal and estrogen receptor-positive patients,
ocal endocrine therapy can be applied as adjuvant treat- • After surgery, patients should be advised to eat
:utic foods for augmenting Qi, supplementing the Blood
ment supported by TCM to support Vital Qi
e as and regulating the Spleen and Stomach such as
(Zheng Qi) and expel pathogenic factors.
for Chinese yam powder, spinach, vegetable sponge,
• Stage II and IIla: chemotherapy should be
ams seaweed, Chinese dates (Da Zao, Fructus Ziziphi
performed about three weeks prior to radical or
Jujubae), Isng Zhi Hong Zao Zhou (Glossy Gano-
modified radical mastectomy. Chemotherapy should
.ises derma and Chinese Date Congee), or Hong Zao Gui
be given again about one month after surgery;
zsea Yuan Zhou (Chinese Date and Longan Flesh Con-
ther radiotherapy can be added for cases with a high risk
gee
row of recurrence . Endocrine therapy should also be
• D radiotherapy, patients should eat foods
1*1 used for estrogen receptor-positive or posiweno-
for enriching Yin and moistening Dryness such as
is is pausal patients . Alternatively, sub-total mastectomy
Xing Ren Shuang (Apricot Kernel Jelly), Xing Ren Mi
can be performed, followed by large-field radio-
Nai Shuang (Almond, Honey and Milk Jelly), U"u Zbi
therapy and chemotherapy . During the treatment,
Yin (Five Juice Beverage) and Zhe On Zhi Yin (Sugar
prescribe materia medica for supporting Vital Qi
Cane and Lotus Root Juice) .
(Zheng Qi) ; after the therapy is completed, materia
• During chemotherapy, patients should regularly
is is medica for supporting Vital Qi and expelling
eat ganoderma, yellow jelly fungus (Bai Mu Er,
- ant pathogenic factors should continue to be taken .
Tremella), Chinese olives, oranges, hawthorn fruit,
iro- • Stage IIIb: radiotherapy or chemotherapy fresh ginger, radish, tomato, and other fresh vegeta-
of systemic or arterial intervention) should be per-
ver, bles and fruit, as well as Yi Mi Zhou (Coix Seed
formed prior to simple mastectomy with or without
fen, Congee) and Mu Er Nuo Mi Zhou (Jelly Fungus and
removal of the axillary lymph nodes (node dissec-
or Glutinous Rice Congee) .
tion) . Postoperatively, systemic chemotherapy and
• Patients with breast cancer should avoid stimu-
6te. endocrine therapy is generally performed . Materia lating foods such as raw ginger or garlic, or ripe
i in medica for supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi), assisted pkin .
by materia medica for expelling pathogenic factors,
should be taken throughout the course of treat-
QIGONG THERAPY
ment.
• Stage 1V systemic chemotherapy with adjuvant After surgery, patients should start to practice
lent endocrine treatment is suitable . If necessary, inter- strengthening Qigong in a standing position as early
.alts. ventional radiological treatment or palliative local as possible ; exercise by slowly raising the hand and
end radiotherapy can be considered . Materia medica for arm in an increasing vertical range ee Chapter 6

Clinical experience and case
histories
A woman of 40 discovered a firm, relatively immobile
1 .5 x 1 .0 cm lump in her left breast. Needle aspiration
biopsy found cancer cells . Modified radical mastectomy
including removal of axillary lymph nodes was performed .
Postoperative pathology showed that the tumor was
infiltrative ductal carcinoma, partly scirrhous in structure,
and metastasis involved two out of ten of the axillary
lymph nodes . After surgery, chemotherapy with cyclo-
phosphamide (CTX), 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) and epiadria-
mycin (E-ADM) began .
During the two chemotherapy courses, the patient
suffered from nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, fatigue,
and lack of strength . The tongue body was pale red with
a thin, yellow coating at the tip ; the pulse was thready.
Pattern identification
Spleen-Stomach disharmony, insufficiency of the Liver
and Kidneys .
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and harmonize the Stomach, enrich
and supplement the Liver and Kidneys .
Prescription ingredients
Huang Oi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 20g
Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu Adenophorae) 20g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 12g
y i Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 20g
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatac Praeparata) 9g
Xuan Fu Hua (Flos Inulae) 9g, wrapped
Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati) 20g
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g
Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Chao Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis, stir-fried)
15g
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction, taken
twice a day . The decoction was taken from the first day
of chemotherapy until the symptoms listed above
disappeared, thus allowing the patient to complete both
chemotherapy courses .
Eighteen months later, the patient discovered multiple
small firm nodules of varying size in the lateral upper
quadrant of her right breast, subsequently confirmed as
metastatic lesions in the chest wall . At that time, she had
been suffering from amenorrhea for about five months.
She sometimes felt distension in the lower abdomen,
which proved to be non-malignant . The tip of the tongue
was red with a thin coating ; the pulse was wiry .
Pattern identification
Liver Depression, Qi stagnation and Blood stasis .
Treatment principle
Dredge the liver and regulate Qi, transform Blood stasis
and dissipate lumps .
Prescription ingredients
Pu Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice) 2Og
Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi) l Og
Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae) 9g
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 9g
Di Lone (Lumbricus) 15g
Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) 12g
Yi Mu Cao (Herba Leonuri Heterophylli) 30g
Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) 15g
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) I Og
Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) 15g
Tu Bei Mu (Tuber Bolbostemmatis) 20g
Hai Zao (Herba Sargassi) 15g
Bie Jia* (Carapax Amydae Sinensis) 20g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
The patient was also prescribed Jia Wei Xiao Yao San
(Augmented Free Wanderer Powder) 6g, twice a day, and
Dan Shen Pian (Red Sage Root Tablet) two tablets three
times a day.
After taking the medicinals for six weeks, constant
dribbling menstruation began, but the menstrual blood
was dark and mixed with a large number of blood clots .
The original formula was modified by adding Ge Gen
(Radix Puerariae) 10g, Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinen-
sis) 10g, Rlu 1,4 (Conchs Ostreae) 3Og, Huang Qi (Radix
Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g, and Dan Shen (Radix Salviae
Miltiorrhizae) 15g to supplement and augment Qi and
Blood, soften hardness and dissipate lumps . The men-
struation symptoms gradually improved and the ab-
dominal distension stabilized .


rbove The patientwas then given a new prescription to be
both taken on a long-term basis, three times a week :
iltiple Pu Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci, cum Radice) 20g
apper Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g
ed as Huang,Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedvsari) 30g
e had Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
mths . Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi)) 30g
imen, Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)-9g
rngue E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 15g
Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) 15g
Hai Zao (Herba Sargassi) 15g
Bie Jia* (Carapax Amydae Sinensis) ;15g
Di Long$ (Lumbricus) 9g ;
Tu Bei Mu (Tuber Bolbostemmatis) 15g
I-Iuai Niu Xi (Radix Achvranthis Bidentatae) 9g
stasis Yi Mu Cao (Herba Leonuri Heterophylli) 20g
Nu Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi) 9g
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxion
Ban Zhi Lian erba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
Huang,Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis,Macrocephalae
Fu L ng (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
For supplementing the Kidneys and augmenting
the Essence
Yin Yang Huo (Herba Epimedii)'
Gan Di Huang dix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Exsiccata)
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycu
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscuta
For invigorating the Blood an transforming
Blood stasis
San Leng (Rhizoma Sparganii Stoloniferi)
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
g • For freeing the channels and invigorating the
network vessels

She was also prescribed Xi Huang Wan (Rhinoceros
Bezoar Pill) and Liu Wee DI Huang Wan (Six-ingredient
Rehmannia Pill) 6g each twice a day alternately . She was
re-examined regularly and hadalready survived for more
than six years at the time of this report .
WANG JINHONG
Clinical experience
Professor Wang works at Nanjing TCM University
and has a wide experience in treating malignant
tumors.
San Professor Wang argues that Vital Qi (Zheng Qi)
and should be supported by supplementing and boost-
ing the Spleen and Kidneys to strengthen the
hree
patient's overall debilitated state, regulate the nerv-
ous, endocrine and fluid systems, and keep the
,taut
body's internal environment balanced and stable .
ood
He combines pattern identification and disease
lots .
differentiation, using materia medica flexibly and
Gen -
ien- referring to recent advances in pharmacological
adix
x research to formulate a prescription with multiple
viae functions . The main materia medica he prescribes in
and his practice are listed below:
ien- • For augmenting Qi and invigorating the Spleen
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosul
Zao iao Ci pina Gleditsiae Sinens s
Wang Bu Liu Xing (Semen Vaccariae Segetalis)
For dredging the liver and relieving Depression
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri
Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Meliae Toosendan
• For transforming Phlegm and softening hard-
ness
Zhe Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii)
Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris
Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu)
• For clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffus e
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae
Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis)
• For bearing counterflow downward and stop-
ping vomiting caused by chemotherapy
Zhu Ku (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis
tang Ban Xia a Pinelliae cum Zingibere
Praeparatum
• For fluid depletion and dry mouth du
radiotherapy, add Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii)
446 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis) to generate
Body Fluids and moisten Dryness .
• For metastasis to the bones, add Lu Jiao Sbuang
(Cornu Cervi Degelatinatum) and Gui Ban* (Plas-
trum Testudinis) to replenish the Essence and
Marrow.
• For metastasis to the bones and severe pain, add
Gan Di Long (Lumbricus Exsiccatus) and Quan Xiet
(Buthus Martensi) to free the network vessels and
alleviate pain.
• For leukopenia caused by radiotherapy or
chemotherapy, add Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae
Corylifoliae), Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) and E
fiaot (Gelatinum Corii Asini) to supplement and
augment Qi and Blood .
Case history
A woman of 38 first attended Professor Wang's TCM
clinic in October 1999. She had been diagnosed in 1992
with infiltrative ductal carcinoma of the left breast. She
underwent radical mastectomy and was given six courses
of chemotherapy. Bone metastasis in the chest and spine
was found in 1994 and the patient underwent resection
of metastatic foci in the left ribs in 1996 and in the
ovaries in 1999. Recent CT examination had revealed a
metastatic focus, 1 .5 x 1 .2 cm in size, in the lower section
of the left lung, and multiple metastatic foci in the skull,
cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, and the pelvis .
She had been given radiotherapy (tangential irradiation of
the entire breast area), but the therapeutic effects were
not significant.
The patient then decided to seek help from a TCM
doctor . Although her facial complexion was typical of a
person suffering from a chronic disease, her mood was
not downhearted . The main symptom was generalized
pain in the bones, particularly severe in the thoracic
vertebrae and the lumbosacral region; the pain was
alleviated during the day, but worsened at night and was
intense enough to disturb sleep . Appetite, urination and
defecation were normal . The tongue body was dull with a
black or gray coating ; the pulse was deep and thready.
Pattern identification
Depletion and Deficiency of the Spleen and Kidneys, Qi
stagnation and Blood stasis .
Treatment principle
Supplement the Spleen and boost the Kidneys, relieve
Toxicity and invigorate the Blood, free the network
vessels and alleviate pain.
Prescription ingredients
Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis) 15g
Ken Dong Teng (Caulis Lonicerae Japonicae) 15g
YeQiao Mai (Radix et Rhizoma Fagopyri C}most) 15g
SanQi (Radix Notoginseng) 5g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 12g
Gan Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Exsiccata)
20g
Tao Ken (Semen Persicae) l Og
Zao Jiao Ci (Spina Gleditsiae Sinensis) 1 Og
Di Long (Lumbricus) 1 Og
Gui Ban* (Plastrum Testudinis) 1 Og
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey)
6g
Shi Da Gong Lao Ye (Folium Mahoniae) 15g
Zhi Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Praeparatae) 3g
Huai Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) l Og
After one month of treatment, the pain was obviously
less . Two months later, CT indicated that the metastatic
focus in the lung had shrunk to 1 .0 x 0 .8 cm. At present,
the patient no longer feels pain and is able to undertake
some household chores . She has continued to take the
decoction, modified by adding herbs for regulating the
Spleen and Stomach such as Jiao Shan Zba (Fructus
Crataegi, scorch-fried), Jiao Shen Qu (Massa Fermentata,
scorch-fried), Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris
Germinatus, scorch-fried), Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri
Reticulatae), and Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) .
SHI YULIN
Clinical experience in treating bone metastasis
in breast cancer
Dr. Shi Yulin from the Third TCM Hospital of
Baoding, Hebei Province, prefers to use fin Gui Shen
Qi Wan (Golden Coffer Kidney Qi Pill), Liu Wei Di
Huang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) or Zuo
Gui Yin (Restoring the Left [Kidney Yin] Beverage)
as the main formulae for treatment of bone metas-
tasis in breast cancer . He then modifies the formu-
lae according to the pattern identified . He often
includes L.u Jiao Jiao* (Gelatinum Cornu Cervi) and
Gui Ban* (Plastrum Testudinis), both infused in the
decoction, to link up and fill the Ren and Du vessels,

network and large dosages of Rou Cong Kong (Herbs Cis
tanches Deserticolae) to warm and supplement
Kidney Yang.
Materia medica that he recommends for supple-
menting Qi, nourishing the Blood, softening hard-
ness and transforming Blood stasis to disperse
15g tumors include:
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
Exsiccata) Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii)
Tu Bie Chong (Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga)
Chuan Shan Jial (Squama Manitis Pentadactylae)
th honey) Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu)
In addition, Zhu Ji Suit (Medulla Suis Spinae) can be
prescribed to nourish and supplement the Marrow,
3g
and strengthen and generate the bones . A course of
treatment lasts for three months.
obviously
Dr. Shi upholds the TCM theory of the etiology
metastatic
and pathology of bone metastasis of breast cancer.
.t present,
undertake Since the Kidneys govern the bones and generate
the Marrow, he argues that the main etiology of this
take the
lating the form of metastasis is Kidney Deficiency brought
(Fructus about by Kidney Qi depletion, insufficiency of
:rmentata, Kidney Yin, and Yin-Yang disharmony .
Vulgaris After a diagnosis of breast cancer, long-term
ium Citri fears about the disease may further damage the
Kidneys, whereas excessive brooding and anxiety
about the condition will damage the Spleen . Defi-
ciency of the Spleen impairs its ability to transport
and transform the Essence of Water and Grain to
etastasis
nourish the Kidneys, thus causing further damage
to the Kidneys . Kidney Deficiency implies that it
'spital of
cannot nourish the Marrow to generate the bones,
Gui Shen
meaning that the bones are either not generated at
iu Wei Di
all or are weakened. In addition, when both Qi and
1) or Zuo
Blood are Deficient, the bones may be invaded by
3everage)
the metastasizing cancer .
ie metas-
Therefore, as well as softening hardness, dissi-
e formu-
pating lumps, invigorating the Blood and transform-
He often
ing Blood stasis, the main treatment principles must
.ervi) and
also include warming and supplementing Kidney
;ed in the
Yang, enriching and supplementing Kidney Yin,
)u vessels,
balancing Yin and Yang, and regulating Qi and
BREAST CANCER 447
Blood in order to supplement the Kidneys, nourish
the Marrow, and generate and strengthen the bones .
Case history
A female physical education teacher aged 46 was diag-
nosed in July 1996 with breast cancer . The cancer was
confirmed by pathological examination and resected .
After surgery, the patient underwent chemotherapy .
In July 1997, the patient attended Dr. Shi's clinic., Ex-
amination revealed generalized weakness with a pale and
lusterless facial complexion, weak and rapid breathing,
sluggish movement, and occasional dry cough . Pain in
the lower back hindered free movement. The patient also
complained of lack of strength and insomnia . The tongue
body was red with no coating ; the pulse was deep,
thready and rapid .
Treatment principle
Enrich and supplement the Liver and Kidneys, regulate
Yin and Yang, soften hardness and dissipate lumps,
assisted by relieving Toxicity and dissipating Heat.
Prescription ingredients
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Lu Jiao Jiaot (Gelatinum Comu Cervi) 10g, melted into
the prepared decoction
Gui Ban Jiao* (Plastrum Testudinis) 30g, melted into the
prepared decoction
Shi Ha (Herba Dendrobii) 1Og
Wu Gong (Scolopendra Subspinipes) three pieces
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g
Rou Cong Rong (Herba Cistanches Deserticolae) 30g
Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis) 1 Og
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Chuan Shan fiat (Squama Mantis Pentadactylae) 1 Og
GonQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 1Og
Bai He (Bulbus Lilii) 15g
Tu Bie Chong (Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga) 1 Og
Shi Gaot (Gypsum Fibrosum) 30g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 15g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 5g
Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) 1 Og
The symptoms improved significantly after three months
of treatment and had completely disappeared after a
further two months .


Lung cancer

Most lung cancers are bronchial carcinomas, with the majority of the remaining cases
being alveolar cell carcinomas . Bronchial carcinoma is the most common type of malignant
tumor in Western countries . It is the most frequent cause of death from cancer in men and
is second only to breast cancer in women . Men are almost three times as likely to die of
lung cancer than women . Lung cancer generally occurs after 40, with a peak age range of
50-70 . In China, the morbidity and mortality rate of lung cancer has risen significantly in
recent years as smoking has become more widespread, but treatment results have not im-
proved significantly within the last ten years .
Cigarette smoking is by far the major cause of lung cancer, accounting for up to 90 per-
cent of this type of cancer in men in certain countries. Even where other environmental
factors such as asbestos, arsenic, radon, or petroleum products may be involved, smokers
are many times more likely to be affected than non-smokers. Even passive smoking in-
creases the risk of lung cancer by 150 percent.
Bronchial carcinoma is divided into small-cell carcinoma and non-small-cell carcinoma.
Some 20-25 percent of all lung cancers are small-cell carcinomas ; tumors tend to grow
rapidly, but they are the only type of bronchial carcinoma that responds to chemotherapy .
Non-small-cell carcinoma may be squamous cell carcinoma (40 percent), large-cell carci-
noma (25 percent) or adenocarcinoma (10 percent); squamous cell carcinoma metastasizes
at a relatively late stage, whereas large-cell carcinoma spreads at an earlier stage . Adenocar-
cinoma often metastasizes to the pleura, mediastinal lymph nodes, brain, and bones .
Many other cancers metastasize to the lungs ; the most common sites of origin include
the breast, kidney, colon, stomach, prostate, bones, cervix, and ovaries .

Clinical manifestations
• Symptoms of lung cancer depend on the type of tumor, its location and the manner in
which it spreads. The main presenting symptom is usually a persistent cough or chest pain,
or a combination of the two . Phlegm may be streaked with blood .
• Later . symptoms generally include weight loss, lassitude, anorexia and pleural effusion .
• Severe bleeding may occur if the tumor invades adjacent blood vessels .
• Wheezing can result if the tumor narrows the bronchus ; in severe cases, atelectasis may
occur.
• Additional complications may include pneumonia with coughing, fever, chest pain, and
shortness of breath ; chest pain may be constant if the cancer spreads to the chest wall .
450 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
• Spread to nerves in the neck can result in
Horner's syndrome (unilateral ptosis, miosis and
reduced sweating) .
• Tumors located at the top of the lungs can in-
volve the nerves supplying the arm, leading to pain
and weakness in the arm ; if the nerve to the larynx
(recurrent laryngeal nerve) is affected, the voice will
become hoarse.
• Tumors compressing the esophagus lead to
dysphagia; if the tumor spreads to the pericardium,
arrhythmia or pericardial effusion can result .
• Lung tumors may also grow into the superior
vena cava, causing enlargement of the jugular veins
and the veins on the chest wall, headache, shortness
of breath, and facial congestion .
• Where lung cancer, especially small-cell carci-
noma, metastasizes by hematogenous spread to the
liver, brains and bones, this can lead to liver failure,
mental confusion or pain in the bones .
Etiology and pathology
Pathogenic Toxins invading the Lungs
External pathogenic Heat Toxins invade the Lungs
and impair their diffusing and downward-bearing
function. Lung Qi therefore accumulates, leading to
Qi stagnation and Blood stasis, which inhibit move-
ment in the vessels and network vessels.
Exuberant Phlegm-Damp
Failure of the diffusing and downward-bearing
function of Lung Qi results in exuberance of
Phlegm, which congeals and obstructs the passage-
ways of the Lungs. Since the Spleen is not fortified,
its transportation and transformation function is
impaired, resulting in congealing of exuberant
Phlegm-Damp and Heat Toxins and the gradual
formation of tumors .
Deficiency and depletion of the Zang-Fu organs
The main internal cause is Yin-Yang disharmony
and Deficiency of Qi and Yin . Insufficiency of
Lung Yin and Deficiency of Qi and Yin impair the
depurative downward-bearing function of the
Lungs ; insufficiency of Spleen Qi results in Spleen-
Stomach disharmony; failure of the Kidneys to
absorb Qi and Kidney Yin's failure to nourish up-
ward lead to depletion of the Lungs and Kidneys .
External pathogenic factors take advantage of De-
ficiency and depletion of the Zang-Fu organs to
settle and collect in the Lungs to form tumors .
Pattern identification and,
treatment principles
INTERNAL TREATMENT
HEAT TOXINS AND LUNG YIN
DEFICIENCY
Main symptoms and signs
Dry cough without phlegm, or with scant sticky
phlegm or blood-streaked phlegm, shortness of
breath and pain in the chest, irritability, poor sleep,
tidal fever and night sweating, reddening of the
cheeks in the afternoon, dry throat, tongue and
mouth, hoarse voice, reddish urine, and dry stools .
The tongue body is red and dry, or dull red or crim-
son with a thin yellow or scant coating ; the pulse is
thready and rapid .
Treatment principle
Enrich Yin and moisten the Lungs, clear Heat and
relieve Toxicity.
Prescription
QING ZAO JIU FEI TANG JIA JIAN
Decoction for Clearing Dryness and Rescuing the
Lungs, with modifications
Bei Sha She 11 (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) 20g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 20g
Mai Men Dona (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
Qing Haft (Herba Artemisiae Chinghao) 12g
Jiang Cant (Bombyx Batryticatus) 9g
Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis) 15g
Bai He (Bulbus I ilii) 20g
Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae) 12g
Zhe Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii) 9g
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 30g
Bai Bu (Radix Stemonae) 9g
Qian Hu (Radix Peucedani) 9g
Yu <Ying Cao (Herba Houttuyniae Cordatae) 30g


LUNG CANCER 451

zrish up- Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Kidneys. Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 30g Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
of De- Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
rgans to Explanation Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 9g
ors. • Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis), Bai He Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
(Bulbus I Alii) and Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophio- Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 9g
pogonis Japonici) nourish Yin, clear Heat and Qing Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Depu-
generate Body Fluids . rata) 9g
• Qing Hao (Herba Artemisiae Chinghao), Di Gu Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) 9g
Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis) and Sheng Di Huang Lu Gm (Rhizoma Phragmitis Communis) 20g
(Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) clear Fire due Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis) 15g
to Deficiency and cool the Blood . Hai Zao (Herba Sargassi) 12g
• Zhe Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii), Xing Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus) 20g
Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae), Gua Lou (Fruc- Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 20g
tus Trichosanthis), Qian Hu (Radix Peucedani), Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 9g
and Bai Bu (Radix Stemonae) clear Heat, trans- Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis) 15g
form Phlegm and bear Qi downward to stop Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
nt sticky
tness of coughing.
oor sleep, Jiang Cant (Bombyx Batryticatus) transforms
Phlegm and dissipates lumps. Explanation
of the Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari), Dang
igue and • Yu Xing Cao (Herba Houttuyniae Cordatae), Ban
Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) and Bai Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae), Bai Zhu
ry stools. (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae), and
or crim- Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae)
clear Heat and relieve Toxicity. Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) for-
pulse is
tify the Spleen and dry Dampness.
QI DEFICIENCY OF THE SPLEEN AND • Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) and Yi Yi Ken
LUNGS (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) percolate Damp-
Meat and ness to assist the Spleen in its transformation
Main symptoms and signs and transportation function .
Enduring cough with loose phlegm, oppression in Qing Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae
the chest, shortness of breath, hasty breathing, Depurata), Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori)
puffy swelling of the face, reduced appetite and and Hai Zao (Herba Sargassi) disperse Phlegm
.um the food intake, distension in the abdomen, lack of and soften hardness, promote the movement of
strength in the limbs, and loose stools . The tongue water and benefit the throat .
body is pale with tooth marks or enlarged with a
• Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus)
thin or slightly greasy coating ; the pulse is moderate,
)sae) 20g and Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)
thready and forceless.
ci) 15g regulate Qi to harmonize the Middle Burner .
Treatment principle • Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis), Sang
Boost the Lungs and fortify the Spleen, transform Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis) and Lu
Phlegm and dissipate tumors. Gen (Rhizoma Phragmitis Communis) clear
Heat through the urine whilst protecting
Prescription
Body Fluids .
)g LIU JUN ZI TANG HE JIE GENG TANG JIA
• Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis) and Ban Zbi Lian
JIAN
(Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) clear Heat and re-
Six Gentlemen Decoction Combined With Platycodon
lieve Toxicity
Decoction, with modifications
30g

452 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
ACCUMULATION OF PHLEGM-DAMP IN
THE LUNGS
Main symptoms and signs
Severe cough with profuse white or yellow phlegm,
Phlegm rale in the throat, oppression or stifling pain
in the chest, shortness of breath, edema in the face,
chest or limbs or generalized edema, poor appetite,
fatigue, lack of strength, and loose stools . The
tongue body is dull or pale and enlarged with a thin
white or yellow greasy coating; the pulse is slippery,
or slippery and rapid .
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and transform Phlegm, dissipate
tumors and relieve Toxicity .
Prescription
PING WEI SAN JIA JIAN
Powder for Calming the Stomach, with modifications
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 9g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis) 9g
Qing Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Depu-
rata) 9g
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 9g
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
Zhi Nan Xing (Rhizoma Arisaematis Praeparata) 9g
Xing Ken (Semen Pruni Armeniacae) 9g
Lai Fu Zi (Semen Raphani Sativi) 9g
Qian Hu (Radix Peucedani) 9g
Zhi Ma Huang* (Herba Ephedrae, mix-fried with
honey) 3g
Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri) 20g
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 20g
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
Explanation
• Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Dang
Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosula), Fu Ling
(Sclerotium Poriae Cocos), Yi Yi Ren (Semen
Coicis Lachryma-jobi), Bai Zhu (Rhizoma
Atractylodis Macrocephalae), and Cang Zhu
(Rhizoma Atractylodis) dispel Dampness and
strengthen the transportation function of the
Spleen.
• Zhi Nan Xing (Rhizoma Arisaematis Praeparata)
and Qing Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae
Depurata) dry Dampness and transform
Phlegm .
• Xing Ken (Semen Pruni Armeniacae) and Zhi Ma
Huang' (Herba Ephedrae, mix-fried with honey)
calm wheezing and diffuse Lung Qi .
• Lai Fu Zi (Semen Raphani Sativi) and Qian Hu
(Radix Peucedani) cause Lung Qi to descend
and transform Phlegm .
Long Kid (Herba Solani Nigri), Bai Hua She She
Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) and Ban Zhi
Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) clear Heat,
relieve Toxicity and invigorate the Blood .
QI STAGNATION AND BLOOD STASIS
Main symptoms and signs
Inhibited coughing, phlegm streaked with bright red
or dark red blood, rapid breathing, a sharp fixed
pain in the chest, irritability, thirst, dry stool, and
dark purple lips. The tongue body is dull with stasis
marks or bluish-purple with a thin yellow coating ;
the pulse is wiry or thready and rough .
Treatment principle
Regulate Qi and invigorate the Blood, transform
Blood stasis and relieve Toxicity.
Prescription
XUE FU ZHU YU TANG JIA JIAN
Decoction for Expelling Stasis from the House of
Blood, with modifications
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 9g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 12g
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) 9g
Tao Ben (Semen Persicae) 9g
Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae) 9g
Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) 12g
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 30g
Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae) 9g
Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) 6g
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) 6g
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 20g
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 9g
Zi Cao (Radix Arnebiae seu Lithospermi) 9g
Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) 30g

aeparata) Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) 12g
Ternatae fin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) 10g
ransform Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri) 20g
Bat Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 20g
I Zhi Ma
th honey) Explanation
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Chi Shao
Qian Hu (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) and Dan Shen (Radix
descend
Salviae Miltiorrhizae) nourish, cool and invigo-
rate the Blood.
a She She
• Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii), Tao Ben
Ban Zhi
(Semen Persicae), Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Cory-
gar Heat,
dalis Yanhusuo), and E Zhu (Rhizoma
,d .
Curcumae) invigorate the Blood and break up
Blood stasis.
ISIS • Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis), Jie Geng (Radix
Platycodi Grandiflori) and Xing Ben (Semen
Pruni Armeniacae) transform Phlegm, stop
)right red coughing, and promote the dispersing and
arp fixed descending function of the Lungs .
tool, and • Yu fin (Radix Curcumae), Xia Ku Cao (Spica
with stasis Prunellae Vulgaris) and Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri
7 coating; Aurantii) clear Heat, regulate Qi and Blood, and
eliminate focal distension.
• Zi Cao (Radix Arnebiae seu Lithospermi) and
Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) cool
-ransform
the Blood and stop bleeding .
Jin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae), Long Kui (Herba
Solani Nip) and Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba
Hedyotidis Diffusae) dear Heat and relieve Toxicity
House of
LUNG AND KIDNEY DEFICIENCY
Main symptoms and signs
Lack of strength when coughing phlegm, shortness
of breath, a dull white facial complexion, poor ap-
petite, abdominal distension, limpness and aching in
the lower back and knees, fatigue and lack of
12g strength, seminal emission, night sweating and
spontaneous sweating, cold limbs and aversion to
cold, loose stools, and scant urine or longvoidings of
clear urine. The tongue body is red or pale red with a
thin white coating; the pulse is deep, thready and
forceless.
Treatment principle
)g
Supplement the Lungs and enrich the Kidneys, aug-
40g
ment Qi and relieve Toxicity.
LUNG CANCER 453
Prescription
SHA SHEN MAI DONG TANG HE LIU WEI
DI HUANG TANG JIA JIAN
Adenophora/Glehnia and Ophiopogon Decoction
Combined With Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Decoc-
tion, with modifications
Dong Chong Xia Caot (Cordyceps Sinensis) 6-9g;
decocted separately
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu Adenophorae) 15g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 12g
Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) 9g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) 12g
Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis)
12g
Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) 9g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 15g
Bai Zbu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 9g
Xian Mao (Rhizoma Curculiginis Orchioidis) 15g
Bai Ying (Herba Solani Lyrati) 15g
Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis) 15g
Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) 15g
Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) 20g
Explanation
• Dong Chong Xia Caot (Cordyceps Sinensis), Tu Si Zi
(Semen Cuscutae) and Xian Mao (Rhizoma
Curculiginis Orchioidis) supplement the Kid-
neys and nourish the Lungs .
• Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari), Bai
Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) and
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) fortify the
Spleen and promote its transformation and
transportation function .
• Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu Adenophorae),
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici),
Gou Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii), Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus
Ligustri Lucidi), and Sheng Di Huang (Radix
Rehmanniae Glutinosae) nourish Yin and
moisten the Lungs, enrich the Kidneys and
augment the Essence, and nourish the Blood .
• Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) and Shan Zhu

454 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) constrain the
Lungs and enrich the Kidneys .
• Bai Ying (Herba Solani Lyrati), Chong Lou (Rhi-
zoma Paridis), Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vul-
garis), Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae),
Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae), and
Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis)
clear Heat, relieve Toxicity, and have anti-cancer
properties.
LUNG YIN DEFICIENCY IN LATE-STAGE
CANCER
Although a number of different patterns can be
seen in lung cancer, those characterized by coughing
of large amounts of blood, with infection, dissemi-
nated intravascular coagulation or respiratory acido-
sis usually represent Lung Yin Deficiency ; this
pattern tends to worsen the later the stage reached
by the cancer . Therefore, preventing and treating
Yin Deficiency plays a very important role in clinical
practice .
Although the symptoms of d ben (rushing respi-
ration)' and ke sou (cough) as described in classical
TCM works have similarities to lung cancer, fei wei
(Lung Wei syndrome)li is closest to those seen at the
late stage of lung cancer . Lung Wei syndrome due
to Deficiency-Heat is often a critical condition . De-
ficiency of and damage to Lung Qi and insuffi-
ciency of Body Fluids impairs moistening and
nourishing, eventually resulting in desiccation of the
lobes of the lungs . The symptoms of this pattern
are described in Wai Tai Mi Yao [Secrets of a Frontier
Official] as "dry cough, hasty breathing, sticky
phlegm sometimes streaked with blood, irritability,
thirst, tidal fever, a red tongue body with a scant
coating, and a thready and rapid pulse."
Factors leading to Lung Yin Deficiency include :
Individuals with chronic illnesses usually have a
constitutional Deficiency of Lung and Kidney Yin,
2-
An accumulation of pathogenic factors in the Lungs, one of the five types of accumulations, xi ben manifests as a lump
in the right hypochondrium, hasty breathing, fever and aversion to cold, oppression in the chest, retching, and cough-
ing of purulent or bloody phlegm .
H A chronic debilitating lung condition caused by damage to Lung Yin and manifesting as cough with white, frothy
phlegm, emaciation, mental listlessness, dry mouth and lips, and a deficient and rapid pulse.
which is aggravated in the later stages of lung can-
cer.
• Loss of a large amount of fluids during lung
resection, where these fluids are not replenished
very quickly after the operation .
• Heat Toxins damaging Yin during radiotherapy .
• Administration of large amounts of diuretic
agents in the treatment of persistent fluid accumu-
lation, leading to extensive loss of fluids or hypo
kalemia.
• Pulmonary fibrosis caused by chemotherapeu-
tic agents such as bleomycin and large doses of
cyclophosphamide, or the cumulative effects of ra-
diotherapy.
Bai He Gu fin Tang (Lily Bulb Decoction for
Consolidating Metal) and Qing Zao fin Fei Tang (De-
coction for Clearing Dryness and Rescuing the
Lungs) are the recommended formulae for Lung
Yin Deficiency, since they have the functions of
nourishing Yin, augmenting Qi, stopping cough and
dissipating lumps. Recent reports indicate that these
formulae enhance the immune function, inhibit the
growth of tumors and stop coughing . 1'2
Bai He (Bulbus T .ilii) augments Qi, clears the
Heart, moistens the Lungs and stops coughing ; one
of its main ingredients, colchicine, has been shown
to inhibit the development of tumors in vitro .
Some researchers consider that since the complex
formula of Tian Men Dong (Radix Asparagi Cochin-
chinensis) has a pronounced inhibitory action on
squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of
the lung in animals, it will therefore reduce the ex-
tent of metastatic foci in the lungs, raise the level of
lymphoblast transformation, and increase the num-
ber of natural killer cells in human subjects .3
Other ingredients in the formulae such as Pi Pa
Ye (Folium Eriobotryae Japonicae), Yu Xing Cao
(Herba Houttuyniae Cordatae), Ban Zhi Lian (Herba
Scutellariae Barbatae), and Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritil-
lariae) enter the Lung channel and act to soften
ung can- hardness and dissipate lumps . When added to mate- Han Lian Cao (Herba Ecliptae Prostratae) 20g
ria medica for stopping coughing, moistening the Di Yu (Radix Sanguisorbae Officinalis) 15g
ring lung Lungs, stopping bleeding and clearing Heat, the Qian Cao Gen (Radix Rubiae Cordifoliae) 9g
)lenished overall formula has a pronounced effect . Ou Jie (Nodus Nelumbinis Nuciferae Rhizomatis) 9g

)therapy. Wheezing and shortness of breath

MODIFICATIONS FOR COMMON
diuretic COMPLICATIONS OF LUNG CANCER Zhi Ma Huang (Herba Ephedrae, stir-fried with
accumu honey) 3g
or hypo- Select three to five of the materia medica listed to
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) 9g
add to the above prescriptions to treat the following
Su Zi (Fructus Perillae Frutescentis) 9g
herapeu- common complications of lung cancer .
Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae) 15g
loses of
Cough Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) 12g
:ts of ra-
He Zi (Fructus Terminaliae Chebulae) 6g
Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae) 12g Bai Guo (Semen Ginkgo Bilobae) 6g
:tion for Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) 9g HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
`Tang (De- Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) 9g Dong Chong Xia Caot (Cordyceps Sinensis) 3g
uing the Bai Bu (Radix Stemonae) 9g
nor Lung Qian Hu (Radix Peucedani) 9g Pain in the chest
:tions of Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis) 9g
)ugh and Zi Wlan (Radix Asteris Tatarici) 9g Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) 12g
hat these Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) 9g Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 30g
ihibit the Pi Pa Ye (Folium Eriobotryae Japonicae) 15g Xie Bai (Bulbus Allii Macrostemi) 9g
Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae) 9g
tears the Cough with profuse sticky sputum Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
iing; one Si Gua Luo (Fasciculus Vascularis Luffae) 15g
Qing Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Depu-
n shown Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) 9g
rata) 9g
ro. Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 20g
Dan Nan Xing (Pulvis Arisaematis cum Felle Bo-
complex Xu ChangQing (Radix Cynanchi Paniculati) 9g
vis) 9g
Cochin- BaiQu Cai (Herba Cheiidonii) 15g
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 30g
ction on Wu Yao (Radix Linderae Strychnifoliae) 9g
Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) 15g
ioma of E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 9g
Sang Ye (Folium Mori Albae) 9g
e the ex-
Ju Luo (Retinervus Fructus Citri Reticulatae) 9g
level of Prolonged high fever
Hai Zao (Herba Sargassi) 9g
he num-
3
Lai Fu Zi. (Semen Raphani Sativi) 15g Shi Gaot (Gypsum Fibrosum) 20g
Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae) 15g DaQing Ye (Folium Isatidis seu Baphicacanthi) 9g
as Pi Pa
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 15g Chao Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis, stir-
ding Cao
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) 9g fried) 9g
n (Herba
as Fritil Coughing of blood Jin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) 30g
o soften Ling Yang Jiaot (Cornu Antelopis, powdered) 3g, in-
Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae) 30g fused in the prepared decoction
Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) }30g Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 12g
as a lump Bai Ji* (Rhizoma Bletillae Striatae) 9g Zi Cao (Radix Arnebiae seu Lithospermi) 9g
id cough- Hua Rui Shit (Ophicalcitum) 3g
San Pi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 3g, infused Patent medicines such as Zi Xue San (Purple Snow
te, frothy in the prepared decoction Powder) or An Gong Niu Huang Wan (Peaceful Palace
Xue Yu Tans (Crinis Carbonisatus Hominis) 9g Bovine Bezoar Pill) can also be taken separately .
456 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Low-grade fever or tidal fever in the afternoon
Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis) 15g
Yin Chai Hu (Radix Stellariae Dichotomae) 9g
Qing Hao (Herba Artemisiae Chinghao) 12g
Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis)
12g
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 9g
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 9g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 9g
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis) 30g
Spontaneous sweating and shortness of breath
Zhi Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari,
mix-fried with honey) 30g
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 20g
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae) 20g
Fu Xiao Mai (Fructus Tritici Aestivi Levis) 30g
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 9g
Duan Long Gut (Os Draconis Calcinatum) 15g
Duan Mu Lit (Concha Ostreae Calcinata) 15g
Chao Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,
stir-fried) 9g
Wu Bei Zit (Galla Rhois Chinensis) 9g
Qian Cao Gen (Radix Rubiae Cordifoliae) 12g
Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) 30g
Pleural effusion
Ting Li Zi (Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae) 9g
Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri) 20g
Zhu Ling (Sclerotiurn Poly
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 20g
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 9g
Yuan Hua (Flos Daphnes Genkwa) 6g
Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
Hai Zao (Herba Sargassi) 9g
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 20g
CheQian Cao (Herba Plantaginis) 20g
Chi Xiao Dou (Semen Phaseoli Calcarati) 9g
Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis) 9g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 15g
Scrofula
Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) 15g
Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) 15g
Hai Zao (Herba Sargassi) 9g
Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae) 3g
Huang Yao Zi (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae) 9g
Kun Bu (Thallus Laminariae seu Eckloniae) 9g
Chuan Shan fiat (Squama Manitis Pentadactylae) 9g
Jiang Cant (Bombyx Batryticatus) 6g
Quan Xiet (Buthus Martensi) 6g
Patent medicines such as Jia Wei Xi Huang Wan
(Augmented Western Bovine Bezoar Pill) or Xiao fin
Dan (Minor Golden Special Pill) can also be taken
separately.
Metastatic tumor of the bone and bone pain
Xu ChangQing (Radix Cynanchi Paniculati) 12g
Ton Gu Cao (Herba Speranskiae seu Impatientis) 15g
Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) 15g
Hai Feng Teng (Caulis Piperis Kadsurae) 20g
Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae) 6g
Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) 12g
Bai,Qu Cai (Herba Chelidonii) 20g
Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis) 15g
ACUPUNCTURE
Acupuncture only has a supplementary role in the
treatment of lung cancer.
Main points: BL-12 Fengmen, BL-13 Feishu,
BL-15 Xinshu, BL-43 Gaohuang, LU-1 Zhongfu,
CV 17 Danzhong, and LU-5 Chize .
Auxiliary points : LU-7 Lieque, PC-6 Neiguan,
ST-36 Zusanli, LI-11 Quchi, GB-20 Fengchi, LI-4
Hegu, and Ashi points .
Technique : Apply the even method and retain the
needles for 20-30 minutes . Treat once a day
. After
the needles are withdrawn, apply acupressure by
rubbing or lightly tapping GV 14 Dazhui, GB-21
Jianjing, GV 4 Mingmen, LI-11 Quchi, and LI-4
Hegu for 5-10 minutes to relieve coughing, wheez-
ing and chest pain.
MOXIBUSTION
Points: GV 22 Xinhui, GV-23 Shangxing, BL-7
Tongtian, GV 20 Baihui, EX-HN-5 Taiyang, ST-2
Sibai, and GB- 14 Yangbai.


LUNG CANCER 457

Ingredients : Ai Rong (Folium Tritium Artemisiae Ingredients

rae) 9g Argyi) 80g, Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri) 40g, Shan
Dou Gen (Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis) 40g, and Da
9g
7lae) 9g Suan (Bulbus Allii Sativi) 30 cloves.
Technique : Grind the three herbs into floss and
mix them evenly to make medicinal moxa ; cut the
rang Wan garlic into slices 5mm thick . Select three points each
r Xiao Jin time. Place the garlic on the points, add the medici-
be taken nal moxa and light it. Treat once a day; thirty ses-
sions make up a course . One or two courses are
needed depending on response.
pain
EAR ACUPUNCTURE
12g
antis) 15g Points : Upper Lung, Lower Lung, Heart, Large
l5g Intestine, Adrenal Gland, Endocrine, Nose, Throat,
and Chest.
12g Technique : Attach Wang Bu Liu Xing-(Semen Vac-
cariae Segetalis) seeds at the points with adhesive
tape. Tell the patient to press each seed for one min-
ute ten times a day. Change the seeds every three
days, using alternate ears .
Cu Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri, processed with
vinegar) 9g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
• Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 9g
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 9g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 6g
Sha Ren (Fructus Amomi) 3g
Chao Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae,
stir-fried) 9g
• Shou (Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis) 9g
Ji Nei Jinn (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Gall) 12g
• Jin (Radix Curcumae) 9g
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
QI AND YIN DEFICIENCY
Treatment principle
Supplement and regulate Qi, nourish Yin and fortify
the Spleen.
Ingredients

le in the Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae) 15g

INTEGRATION OF CHINESE MEDICINE Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) 20g
IN TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR THE HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Feishu, MANAGEMENT OF LUNG CANCER Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis) 15g
~hongf i, Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g

. leiguan,
Surgery and postoperative period Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) 15g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
chi, LI-4 Curative surgery is not possible for tumors which Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 20g
have spread by the time of diagnosis . Surgery Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
may be possible for a carcinoma that has not Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
etain the
ay. After spread beyond the lungs (normally at stages I and Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 9g
ssure by II only, or in patients with an isolated, slow- Fo Shou (Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis) 9g
, GB-21 growing tumor) . Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 9g
Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) 9g
.nd LI-4
wheez- INTERNAL TREATMENT Chao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
stir-fried) 20g
Jiao ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) 15g
LIVER, SPLEEN AND STOMACH
Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis) 15g
DISHARMONY 4~

g, BL-7 Treatment principle General modifications

rig, ST-2 Fortify the Spleen and harmonize the Stomach, 1 . For poor appetite, add Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus
dredge the Liver and regulate Qi. Crataegi, scorch-fried), Jiao Shen Qu (Massa

458 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Fermentata, scorch-fried) and Jiao Mai Ya (Fruc-
tus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus, scorch-fried),
where not included above, and Bai Bian Dou
(Semen Dolichoris Lablab).
2 . For low-grade fever and night sweating, add Di
Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis), Yin Chai Hu (Radix
Bupleuri), Qing Hao (Herba Artemisiae Ching-
hao), and Gui Ban* (Plastrum Testudinis) .
3. For Blood Deficiency, add Dang Gui (Radix
Angelicae Sinensis), Zi He Chet (Placenta
Hominis), Long Yan Rou (Arillus Euphoriae
Longanae), Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae
Glutinosae Conquita), and Ji Xue Teng (Caulis
Spatholobi) .
4 . For profuse phlegm, add Xing Ken (Semen Pruni
Armeniacae), Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandi-
flori), Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cir-
rhosae), Pi Pa Ye (Folium Eriobotryae Japonicae),
and Zhi Tian Nan Xing (Rhizoma Arisaematis
Praeparata) .
5 . For cough, add Qian Hu (Radix Peucedani), Bai
Bu (Radix Stemonae), Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori
Albae Radicis), and Yu Xing Cao (Herbs Hout-
tuyniae Cordatae) .
For wheezing and shortness of breath, add Zbi
Ma Huang* (Herba Ephedrae, mix-fried with
honey), Zi Wan (Radix Asteris Tatarici) and Dong
Chong Xia Caot (Cordyceps Sinensis) .
Acupuncture can be used to treat a number of
commonly seen complications after surgery for lung
cancer.
COUGHING
Etiology
Coughing after surgery for lung cancer is due to
damage to the Lungs and Deficiency of Lung Qi,
which fails to diffuse and bear downward, leading to
ascending counterflow of Lung Qi .
Treatment principle
Supplement the Lungs, fortify the Spleen and stop
coughing.
Points: BL-13 Feishu, LU-7 Lieque, ST-40 Feng -
long, and SP-3 Taibai .
Technique : Apply the even method and retain the
needles for 20-30 minutes . Moxibustion can be
applied at SP-3 Taibai .
Explanation
BL-13 Feishu, the back-shu point of the Lungs,
supplements and augments Lung Qi .
LU-7 Lieque bears counterflow Lung Qi
downward .
• SP-3 Taibai, the yuan (source) point of the
Spleen channel, fortifies the Spleen and dispels
Dampness because the illness of the Son affects
the Mother.
• Applying moxibustion at SP-3 Taibai strength-
ens the transportation and transformation func-
tion of the Spleen, and in combination with
ST 40 Fenglong fortifies the Spleen and dispels
Phlegm.
CHEST PAIN
Etiology
Damage to the Lungs and Deficiency of Lung Qi
result in failure of the diffusing and downward-
bearing function leading to impairment of the abil-
ity to free and regulate the water passages . Water
does not move and gathers to form Phlegm, which
becomes entrenched in the chest and prevents chest
Yang from moving, thus causing chest pain .
Treatment principle
Boost the Lungs and fortify the Spleen, regulate Qi
and alleviate pain .
Points: CV 17 Danzhong, LU-9 Taiyuan, PC-6
Neiguan, BL-20 Pishu, and ST 40 Fenglong.
Technique : Apply the even method and retain the
needles for 20-30 minutes .
Explanation
• PC-6 Neiguan and CV 17 Danzhong regulate
Qi to alleviate pain .
• LU-9 Taiyuan, the yuan (source) point of the Lung


LUNG CANCER 459

'-40 Feng- channel, supplements the Lungs and augments Qi. he (uniting) and xi (cleft) points of the Lung
• BL-20 Pishu and ST 40 Fenglong fortify the channel, clears the Lungs and stops bleeding.
Spleen and dispel Phlegm . • Combining KI-7 Fuliu and KI-3 Taixi, the jing
retain the (river) and yuan (source) points of the Kidney
n can be WHEEZING DUE TO LUNG DEFICIENCY channel, enriches and supplements Kidney Yin.
• In cases of Deficiency, treatment can be ef-
Treatment principle fected by regulating the Mother-Son relation-
Diffuse the Lungs and calm wheezing. ship (here Lung is the Mother and Kidney the
he Lungs, Son) . When Lung Yin is enriched and supple-
Points: CV 17 Danzhong, BL-43 Gaohuang, LU-5 mented, Kidney-Water can rise, and coughing
Chize, LU-2 Yunmen, and Dingchuan (0.5 can lat- of blood will be spontaneously relieved .
Lung Qi eral to GV 14 Dazhui) .

it of the Technique : Apply the even method and retain the HOARSE VOICE
.id dispels needles for 20-30 minutes .
on affects Etiology
Depletion and Deficiency of Qi and Yin due to a
Explanation prolonged illness of the lungs damages Kidney Yin,
strength- • CV 17 Danzhong regulates Qi and stabilizes Body Fluids cannot ascend and lack of moisture
don func- wheezing. results in a hoarse voice .
tion with BL-43 Gaohuang mainly treats coughing and
id dispels wheezing due to Deficiency and debilitation. Treatment principle
• Dingchuan is an important point for stabilizing Enrich the Lungs and Kidneys, drain turbidity and
wheezing. open the orifices.
Combining LU-5 Chize, the he (uniting) point
of the Lung channel, and local point LU-2 Points: LI-18 Futu, LI-17 Tianding, LU-11
Yunmen stimulates the downward-bearing func- Shaoshang, and KI-3 Taixi .
tion of Lung Qi to treat counterflow Qi and
Lung Qi calm wheezing. Technique : Apply the reinforcing method and re-
)wnward- tain the needles for 20-30 minutes .
the abil- COUGHING OF BLOOD
es. Water Explanation
m, which • LI-17 Tianding and LI-18 Futu are local points
:nts chest Etiology and dredge and free Qi and Blood in the af-
L.
Yin Deficiency in a prolonged illness causes Deficiency- fected area.
Fire, which scorches and damages the network vessels LU-11 Shaoshang, the jing (well) point of the
of the Lungs, resulting in coughing of blood . Lung channel, drains turbidity and opens the
gulate Qi orifices .
Treatment principle • KI-3 Taixi, the yuan (source) point of the Kid-
Enrich Yin and boost the Kidneys, clear the Lungs ney channel, augments Kidney Yin and bears
in, PC-6 and stop bleeding. Deficiency-Fire down to treat the Root .
Points : LU-5 Chize, LU-6 Kongzui, KL-7 Fuliu,
-etain the and KI-3 Taixi . EAR ACUPUNCTURE
Technique : Apply the reinforcing method and re- Coughing
tain the needles for 20-30 minutes . Points: Lung, Bronchi, Spleen, and Shenmen .
regulate Chest pain
Explanation
the Lung • Combining LU-5 Chize and LU-6 Kongzui, the Points: Heart, Chest, Liver, and Shenmen.

460 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Wheezing due to Lung Deficiency Fortifying the Spleen and harmonizing the
Stomach
Points: Lung, Bronchi, Large Intestine, Liver, and Prescriptions for these treatment principles are
Sympathetic Nerve. detailed in Esophageal cancer (pages 430-1) .
Coughing of blood
Points : Lung, Adrenal Gland, Shenmen, Subcortex .
Technique : Attach Wang Bu Liu Xing (Semen Vac-
cariae Segetalis) seeds at the points with adhesive
tape. Tell the patient to press each seed for one min-
ute ten times a day. Change the seeds every three
days, using alternate ears .
Radiotherapy
High doses of radiation can be used to treat slow-
growing squamous cell carcinoma in patients who
are reasonably fit apart from the cancer. Radiother-
apy is also used to treat lung cancer where the
tumor is inoperable or the patient has other serious
diseases ; in these cases, radiation is more likely to be
palliative than curative . It can also be used to con-
trol symptoms of metastasis such as bone pain,
superior vena cava syndrome or hemoptysis.
Side-effects of radiotherapy for lung cancer include
a decrease in the white blood cell and platelet count,
radiation pneumonitis and cardiotoxicity . These side-
effects are discussed in detail in Chapter 4 .
Other symptoms and signs are dry cough with
scant phlegm or without phlegm, shortness of
breath and rapid breathing, oppression and pain in
the chest, dry mouth and tongue, itchy throat, fever,
irritability, generalized lack of strength, poor appe-
tite, a liking for cold, occasional nausea and .'omit-
ing, feeling flustered, and limpness and aching in the
lower back and knees.
These symptoms are treated according to pattern
identification with prescriptions based on the fol-
lowing principles :
Clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity
Cooling and supplementing Qi and Blood
Generating Body Fluids and moistening
Dryness
Nourishing Yin and clearing Lung-Heat
Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) 20g
Bai He (Bulbus I .ilii) 20g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
Pi Pa Ye (Folium Eriobotryae Japonicae) 15g
Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae) 15g
Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) 15g
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) 9g
Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis) 15g
Zi Wan (Radix Asteris Tatarici) 9g
Kuan Dong Hua (Flos Tussilaginis Farfarae) 15g
Yu Xing Cao (Herba Houttuyniae Cordatae) 30g
ian Hu (Radix Peucedani) 9g
Enriching and supplementing the Liver and
Kidneys
Dong Chong Xia Caot (Cordyceps Sinensis) 2g
decocted separately
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Nii Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) 15g
Gui Ban* (Plastrum Testudinis) 15g
He Shou Wu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori) 15g
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is usually the treatment of choice
for tumors which have spread by the time of diag-
nosis, sometimes combined with radiotherapy for
palliative relief. Adjuvant chemotherapy with
radiotherapy can extend the survival period.
Side-effects of chemotherapy for lung cancer
include poor appetite, nausea and vomiting,
bone marrow suppression, and mouth ulcers,
these are discussed in detail in Chapter 4 .
Chemotherapy may also cause debilitation and a
weak constitution . One to two weeks after chemo-
therapy, patients often manifest with lack of strength,


LUNG CANCER 461

the mental listlessness, shortness of breath, insomnia, Provided there is no local lymph node metastasis,
sweating due to Deficiency, dry mouth and tongue, radiotherapy or chemotherapy need not be applied .
iples are and hair loss. Two patterns may be identified : In this case, integration of materia medica for aug-
menting Qi, nourishing Yin and regulating the
QI AND BLOOD DEFICIENCY WITH Spleen and Stomach is very important to help
tt postoperative recovery of the patient and should be
PRONOUNCED HEAT SIGNS
maintained for a number of years to prolong the
Treatment principle survival period by supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi)
ci) 15g Cool and supplement Qi and Blood . and dispelling pathogenic factors .
Clinical practice over the last 40 years in oncol-
g Ingredients
ogy departments of hospitals throughout China has
)idis) 15g HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15-30g shown that integrating TCM with chemotherapy or
Xi Yang Shen* (Radix Panacis Quinquefolii) 3-6g, radiotherapy for lung cancer either before or after
decocted separately surgery can enhance the effect of the treatment and
Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu Adenophorae) 15-30g reduce its side-effects .
15g Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
30g 15-30g
Other therapies
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 15-30g

ver and QI AND BLOOD DEFICIENCY WITH DIET THERAPY

PRONOUNCED COLD SIGNS
• Food for supplementing Qi and nourishing the
Treatment principle Blood should be integrated postoperatively to
Warm and supplement Qi and Blood . compensate for damage to Lung Qi during surgery.
Patients should be advised to eat food such as Xing
Ingredients Ren Shuang (Apricot Kernel Jelly), Chinese yam,
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15-30g fresh Chinese leaf, white radish (mooli), winter
r
or Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Hetero- melon, white pear, and lotus root .
phyllae) 15-30g • Patients undergoing radiotherapy should eat
or Hong Shen (Radix Ginseng Rubra) 6g food for enriching Yin and nourishing the Blood
or Bai Shen (Radix Ginseng Alba) 6g because Lung- Yin is damaged during radiotherapy.
or Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) 6g These foods include fresh vegetables and fruit such
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 15-30g as spinach, chestnut, apricot kernel, peach kernel,
f choice Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con loquat fruit, and wolfberry (Gou Qi Zi, Fructus Ly-
of diag quits) 9-15g cii) .
E Jiao1 (Gelatinum Corii Asini) 9g, melted in the Patients being given chemotherapy should eat
:rapy for
prepared decoction food for supplementing Qi and Blood to compen-
)y with
Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati) 15-30g sate for the severe damage to Qi and Blood occur-
Zi He Che1(Placenta Hominis) 6g ring during chemotherapy. These foods include jelly
cancer
Long Yan Rou (Arillus Euphoriae Longanae) 6g fungus, shiitake mushroom, sunflower seeds, white
otnitrng,
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi) 20g
I ulcers, pear, and ginkgo nut .
• For patients at the late stage of lung cancer, the
)n and a Treatment notes following can be taken alternately :
chemo- Wu Zhi Yin (Five Juice Beverage)
stren As mentioned above, surgery is the first choice for Chong Cao Shen Cha (Cordyceps and American
treatment of lung cancer at stages I and II . Ginseng Tea)

462 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Qi Qi Tao Ren Tang (Astragalus, Wolfberry, Walnut
and Peanut Soup)
• Patients should avoid alcohol and cigarettes, raw
onion and garlic, and salty food .
QIGONG THERAPY
Patients can practice strengthening or inner-
nourishing Qigong in a sitting position (see Chapter
6) . While practicing Qigong, patients should avoid
exposure to wind when sweating, thus reducing the
risks of catching a cold .
Clinical experience and case
histories
ZHANG DAIZHAO
Case history
A woman of 52 came for a consultation in March 1986
complaining of pain in the left upper chest with aggrava-
tion at night, cough with scant phlegm, and low-grade
fever. Radiography indicated a tumor mass on the left
upper chest wall and a round shadow at the left hilum
with ill-defined borders . CT indicated a mass shadow,
2 .8cm thick with an uneven surface, at the upper lateral
aspect of the left lung and protruding from the chest wall
into the lung field . Cytology of bronchial aspirate indi-
cated poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung .
Further radiography indicated osteolytic destruction in
the left second rib, consistent with metastasis of pulmo-
nary carcinoma .
The patient was admitted to hospital three times be-
tween 1986 and 1990 ; she was treated each time with two
21-day courses of cyclophosphamide (CTX, Adriamy-
cin® (ADM), 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) and vincristine (VCR),
and also local radiotherapy with a total dose of 4000cGy .
Symptoms improved significantly, and the tumor ceased
enlarging. A systemic bone scan and radiography in No-
vember 1986 indicated that the metastatic focus had been
absorbed.
During the radiotherapy and chemotherapy courses,
the patient suffered from fatigue, poor appetite, fullness
and oppression in the chest and hypochondrium, and
cough. The tongue body was pale red ; the pulse was
thready and weak.
Pattern identification
Depletion of Qi and Blood, and failure of the Spleen's
transportation function .
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and nourish the Blood, warm the Middle
Butner and fortify the Spleen .
Prescription (first part)
FU ZHENG JIE DU CHONG JI
Soluble Granules for Supporting Vital Qi and Relieving Tox-
icity, an empirical formula discussed further in Chapter 3.
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita) 15g
fin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) 15g
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 1 Og
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 1Og
Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) 1 Og
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 1Og
Ji Nei Jint (Endothelium Comeum Gigeriae Galli) l Og
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 1Og
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Nii Zben Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
The patient was prescribed 9g of the granules two or
three times a day, starting one week before chemotherapy
and continuing until two weeks after completion of the
course .
Prescription (second part)
GUI SHAO LIU JUN ZI TANG JIA JIAN
Chinese Angelica Root and Peony Six Gentlemen
Decoction, with modifications
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 9g
Qing Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Tematae Depurata) 9g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 9g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 12g
Fu Zing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 12g
Xuan Fu Hua (Flos Inulae) 12g
Zhu Ku (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 20g
Nai Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lyci) 15g
Modifications
1 . For severe depletion and Deficiency of Qi and Blood,

the dosage of HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
the Spleen's was increased to 50g and that of Shu Di Huang (Radix
Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita) to 30g .
2 . For dry mouth and tongue, Bei Sha Shen (Radix
Glehniae Littoralis) log and Xi Yang Sben* (Radix
the Middle Panacis Quinquefolii) 1 Og were added .
3 . For a sore and ulcerated throat, Ban Lan Gen (Radix
Isatidis seu Baphicacanthi) 15g and Shan Dou Gen
(Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis) 15g were added.
4 . For nausea and vomiting, Xuan Fu Hua (Flos Inulae)
elieving Tox-
1 Og was added .
apter 3. 5. For pain when swallowing, Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma
Corydalis Yanhusuo) 1 Og and Dan Shen (Radix Salviae
Miltiorrhizae) log were added and the dosage of fin
'sae
Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) was increased to 30g.
6 . For a decrease in peripheral blood values, the dosage
of Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) was
increased to 50g and that of Shu Di Huang (Radix
log
Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita) to 30g, and SanQi
Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 6g and Nil Zhen Zi
(Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g were added to the
alli) 1 Og decoction.
During the period of radiotherapy and chemotherapy,
peripheral blood values were stable and the courses were
completed .
les two or After each chemotherapy course, the patient suffered
motherapy from shortness of breath, lack of strength and a slight
tion of the cough.
Pattern identification
Failure to constrain Lung Qi, Lung Deficiency and weak-
AN ness of Qi .
ien
Prescription
JIU MAN SAN JIA JIAN
Nine Immortals Powder, with modifications
arata) 9g
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 1 Og
E Jiaoo (Gelatinum Corii Asini) lOg, melted in the pre-
pared decoction
12g
Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) 1 Og
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) log
Kuan Dong Hua (Flos Tussilaginis Farfarae) 15g
Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) 6g 4
Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis) 1 Og
Yu Xing Cao (Herba Houttuyniae Cordatae) 30g
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 1 Og
The patient felt much better after drinking the decoction .
She then continued to take it regularly (drinking it for
nd Blood, two weeks followed by an interval of two weeks) . The
LUNG CANCER 463
tumor was . stable, the patient felt stronger and all the
laboratory tests were within the normal range, except for
the blood sedimentation rate . The patient exercised every
day with Qigong and Taijiquan . The last follow-up visit
in July 1997 showed no recurrence or metastasis .
Commentary
Pulmonary adenocarcinoma is generally not sensitive to
radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The natural survival
period is about one year if not operated early. When
there is bone metastasis, the mean survival period is less
than six months . This case was a poorly differentiated
adenocarcinoma with early metastasis into the bone,
which indicates its highly malignant nature and poor
prognosis.
The condition was treated with radiotherapy and che-
motherapy, combined with Chinese .materia medica . In-
tegration of the TCM treatment helped to extend the
survival period and improve the quality of life .
The condition was characterized by pronounced Defi-
ciency of Lung Qi . Based on the theory of Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi) fighting the pathogenic factors, Dr . Zhang
focused on supplementing and enriching Lung Qi and
supporting Vital Qi, assisted by expelling pathogenic
factors with Ban Zbi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae)
and Yu Xing Cao (Herba Houttuyniae Cordatae) . The
symptoms improved, and the tumor was brought under
control.
The effectiveness of the treatment supports the TCM
theory that tumors occur due to accumulations when
pathogenic factors take advantage of insufficiency of
Vital Qi and that pathogenic factors will be dispelled
when Vital Qi is nourished properly .
LIAO JINBIAO
Clinical experience
Dr. Uao emphasizes the importance in cancer
treatment of strengthening and regulating the
Spleen and Stomach to improve the quality of life
and prolong the survival period . He considers that
pathogenic Toxins start to accumulate at the early
stage and as the disease progresses, the tumor
consumes healthy tissue, eventually resulting in
Deficiency. In these circumstances, or as a result of
surgery or more particularly the side-effects of
radiotherapy or chemotherapy, the patient's consti-
tution will weaken and the functions of the Spleen
and Stomach will be impaired . This results in

404 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
symptoms such as reduced appetite, nausea and
vomiting, abdominal distension, diarrhea, lack of
strength in the limbs, mental listlessness, palpita-
tions, shortness of breath, insomnia, and emacia-
tion.
If offensive methods are employed such as using
Toxins to attack Toxins, or invigorating the Blood
and transforming Blood stasis, and softening hard-
ness and dispersing lumps, the disadvantages will
outweigh the advantages. Although the cancer can
be brought under control, the body's Original Qi
(Yuan Qi) will be severely depleted . This method of
treatment not only increases the patient's suffering,
but also extends the period required for treatment .
On the other hand, the Spleen and Stomach are
the Root of Later Heaven and the source of gen-
eration and transformation of Qi and Blood. The
body's nourishment depends on digestion in the
Stomach and Spleen and absorption of the Essence
of water and food. Therefore, regulating the func-
tions of the Spleen and Stomach is indispensable in
the treatment of tumors .
Dr. Lao proposes a selection of four of his own
prescriptions for fortifying the Spleen and aug-
menting Qi, regulating the upward-bearing and
downward-bearing of Qi, and nourishing Yin and
boosting the Stomach :
• Gui Qi San Jiao Tang (Chinese Angelica Root,
Astragalus and Three Glues Decoction)
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) 6g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1Og
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g
Zi He Chet (Placenta Hominis) 1Og
Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) 10g
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 30g
E Jiao (Gelatinum Corii Asini) 1Og
Gui Ban Jiao* (Gelatinum Plastri Testudinis) 1Og
Lu Jiao Jiao (Gelatinum Cornu Cervi) 10g
• Jiang Ni Zhi Ou Tang (Decoction for Bearing
Counterflow Downward and Stopping Vomiting)
Xuan Fu Hua (F1os Inulae) 10g
Dai Zhe Ship (Haematitum) 10g
Shi Di (Calyx Diospyri Kaki) 1 Og
Zi Su Ye (Folium Perillae Frutescentis) 1 Og
Ding Xiang (Flos Caryophylli) 6g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 10g
• Ban Xia (Rlvzoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata) 1 Og
• Zing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Pi Pa Ye (Folium Eriobotryae Japonicae) 1 Og
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 6g
• Zha Mei Yi Wei Tang (Hawthorn and Black Plum
Decoction for Boosting the Stomach)
Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) 1 Og
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 1 Og
Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) 1 Og
• Zhu (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati) 10g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 1 Og
Mu Gua (Fructus Chaenomelis) 10g
Wu Mei (Fructus Pruni Mume) I Og
Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi) 10g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 1Og
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 5g
• Fu Pi Yue Wei Tang (Decoction for Supporting
the Spleen and Delighting the Stomach)
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 30g
Qian Shi (Semen Euryales Ferocis) 1 Og
Lian Zi (Semen Nelumbinis Nuciferae) 30g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
• Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
Bai Bian Dou (Semen Dolichoris Lablab) 1Og
Huo Xiang (Herba Agastaches seu Pogostemi) 10g
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 5g
Sha Ren (Fructus Amomi) 10g
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) 10g
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucldandiae Lappae) 6g
Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi) 10g
All these formulae are used to support Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi), strengthen the body's resistance that
has been lowered while fighting the cancer, and help
the patient to withstand the anti-cancer treatment .
The importance of the Spleen and Stomach to the

functions of the body is made clearr in Huang Di Nei
Jing [The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal
Medicine], which says : "Whatever receives nutrition
will prosper, whatever does not receive nutrition will
die . . . In man, Stomach Qi is the Root, . . .the Stom-
ach is the source of generation and transformation
Lrata) 1Og of Qi and Blood ."
Case history
A man aged 71 was diagnosed with stage III squamous
tck Plum cell carcinoma of the middle lobe of the right lung . The
patient was suffering from recurrent cough, primarily a
dry cough, and fever ; phlegm was occasionally streaked
with small amounts of blood. Since the disease was
ci) 109 already at the late stage, surgery was ruled out . The
patient's condition did not allow him to receive chemo-
therapy either, and so he was treated with Western anti-
biotics such as penicillin and cefalexin, antitussives such
sae) 1Og
as codeine phosphate, and tonics such as vitamin C and
potassium chloride.
However, since he still suffered from aversion to food,
dizziness, mental and physical fatigue, and dry cough, he
was referred to Dr. Liao. The initial examination indi-
cated mental lassitude, emaciation, cough accompanied
by small amounts of blood in the phlegm, tidal reddening
pporting of the cheeks, red lips, generalized pain, dry mouth, con-
stipation, irritability, insomnia, shortness of breath on
exertion, a dark red tongue body with a scant coating,
r
and a wiry and thready pulse .
)g
30g Pattern identification
Qi and Yin Deficiency, and severe depletion of Stomach
Yin .
lae) 1 5g Treatment principle
Enrich and nourish Stomach Yin and augment
1•
Prescription
ii) 109 ZHA MEI YI WEI TANG JIA JIAN
Hawthorn and Black Plum Decoction for Boosting the
Stomach, with modifications
Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) 30g
Mai Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 10
Shi Ha' (Herba Dendrobii) 15g
Yu Zhu (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati) 12g
Vital Qi
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 1 Og
nce that Ji Nei Jinf (Endothelium Comeum Gigeriae Gal) 12g
and help Mu Gua (Fructus Chaenomelis) I Og
eatment . Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) l Og
h to the Wu Mei (Fructus Pruni Mume) 12g
LUNG CANCER 465
Sha Ren (Fructus Amomi) 3g
Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi) 15g
ShenQu (Massa Fermentata) 1Og
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
Zi He Chet (Placenta Hominis) 15g
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction, taken
twice a day.
After seven bags, the patient's appetite had greatly in-
creased, his mouth was no longer dry, he was more alert
mentally, and his constipation had been relieved . How-
ever, remaining symptoms included generalized pain,
coughing of white phlegm, a red tongue body with a
white and smooth coating, and a thready pulse .
The prescription was modified by adding Shi Da Gong
Lao Ye (Folium Mahoniae) 20g, Ye Qiao Mai (Radix et
Rhizoma Fagopyri Cymosi) 15g, Gua Lou Pi (Pericarpium
Trichosanthis) 20g, and Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae) lag. In
addition, Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) 100g and Dong Chong
Xia Caot (Cordyceps Sinensis) 60g were ground into a
powder and taken separately from the decoction, 10g
twice a day. Two weeks later, the patient was able to
undergo chemotherapy and continued to take the above
prescription throughout the course, modified as appro-
priate to his current condition.
ZHENG SUNMO
Clinical experience
Lung cancer is generally only diagnosed at the
intermediate or late stage . In Dr. Zheng's ex-
perience, the following patterns are most com-
mon at these stages .
DEFICIENCY OF THE SPLEEN AND
FAILURE OF ITS TRANSPORTATION
FUNCTION
Main symptoms and signs
Mental fatigue, shortness of breath, a lusterless
facial complexion, cough with frothy phlegm,
expectoration of blood or blood-streaked phlegm,
dry mouth, oppression in the chest, poor appetite,
dry or loose stools, a pale tongue body with a thin
coating, purple varicosity of the frenulum of the
tongue, and a thready and weak pulse .
Treatment principle
Boost the Stomach and bear Yang upward.
466 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER

Prescription Ingredients
SHENG YANG YI WEI TANG
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu - Hedysari)
Decoction for Bearing Yang Upward and Boosting,
Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi)
the Stomach, or
Bai Tou IVeng (Radix Pulsatillae Chinensis)
BU ZHONG YI QI TANG Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu Adenophorae)
Decoction for Supplementing the Middle Burner Bai Bu (Radix Stemonae)
and Augmenting Qi Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae)
Yu Xing Cao (Herba Houttuyniae Cordatae)
LUNG DEFICIENCY AND DAMAGE TO Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae)
BODY FLUIDS Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis)
Mu I A (Concha Ostreae)
Main symptoms and signs Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis)
Fever, a sensation of heat in the chest, palms and Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris)
soles, night sweating, fatigue, lack of strength, op- Zi Cao (Radix Arnebiae seu Lithospermi)
pression in the chest, shortness of breath, dry Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu)
mouth, red throat, and a thin tongue coating .
Treatment principle LEUKOPENIA CAUSED BY POSTOPERATIVE
Nourish Yin and clear the Lungs . RADIOTHERAPY OR CHEMOTHERAPY

Prescription Treatment principle

BAI HE GU JIN TANG Augment Qi and generate Body Fluids .
Lily Bulb Decoction for Consolidating Metal
Prescription
Take Sheng Shai Shen (Radix Ginseng, sun-dried) 9g,
LUNG AND SPLEEN DEFICIENCY Xi Yang Shen* (Radix Panacis Quinquefolii) 3g and
Treatment principle HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g twice a
Supplement Qi and fortify the Spleen, nourish Yin week to strengthen the constitution and extend the
and clear the Lungs. survival period .

Prescription Appropriate use of Chinese materia medica, espe-

BAI HE GU JIN TANG cially those for augmenting Qi and fortifying the
Lily Bulb Decoction for Consolidating Metal plus Spleen, nourishing Yin and clearing the Lungs, is an
effective way of enhancing the effectiveness of the
SHENG YANG YI WEI TANG treatment of lung cancer with Western medicine
Decoction for Bearing Yang Upward and Boosting techniques . However, lung cancer is an obstinate
the Stomach, or disease that cannot be treated successfully with one
method alone, and other measures, such as psycho-
BU ZHONG YI QI TANG therapeutic counseling, Qigong and diet therapy,
Decoction for Supplementing the Middle Burner will also help to improve the patient's quality of life .
and Augmenting Qi

Case histories
MUTUAL BINDING OF PHLEGM, QI,
BLOOD STASIS AND TOXINS
Case 1
Treatment principle A man aged 68 was diagnosed in October 1985 with
Soften hardness and transform Phlegm, move Qi grade III squamous cell carcinoma of the lung with
and relieve Toxicity . regional lymph node involvement and was treated by

chemotherapy with the CAP (cyclophosphamide, Adria-
mycin(&, cisplatin) regime . Although he was able to with-
stand the first course, the second course had to be
suspended shortly after it had started because the patient
was too weak . Since the cancer had metastasized to the
liver, the survival period was estimated at three months .
The patient was referred to Dr . Zheng . Examination
revealed emaciation, fatigue, weak voice, faint breathing,
poor appetite, dry mouth, cough with frothy and bloody
sputum, wheezing, oppression and pain in the chest,
usae)
constipation, a dark red tongue body with a yellow and
greasy coating, and a thready, small, knotted and regularly
interrupted pulse .
Pattern identification
Deficiency of Lung and Spleen Qi, with Phlegm and
Dampness collecting internally . Spleen Deficiency im-
pairs the transformation and transportation of water and
food, meaning that the Essence will not be distributed,
RATIVE
and Phlegm and Dampness will be generated . Lung Qi
PY will be even more Deficient if insufficiency of Qi in the
Middle Burner prevents Metal (the Lungs) from being
cultivated . Therefore, to treat the Lungs, the Spleen must
be treated first .
Treatment principle
tried) 9g,
Supplement the Spleen and augment Qi, moisten the
3g and
Lungs and transform Phlegm .
g twice a
:tend the Prescription
BU ZHONG YI QI TANG HE SHENG
YANG YI WEI TANG JIA JIAN
ca, espe- Decoction for Supplementing the Middle Burner and Aug-
ying the menting Qi Combined With Decoction for Bearing Yang
zgs, is an Upward and Boosting the Stomach, with modifications
is of the
medicine HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 18g
Dbstinate Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 6g
with one Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) 3g
psycho- Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
therapy, Qing Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Tematae Depurata) 6g
y of life . Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 9g
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis) 9g
Bai Bu (Radix Stemonae) 9g
Bai Tou Weng (Radix Pulsatillae Chin is) 9
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffu'sae) 15g
Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) 15g
[985 with
ung with The patient was also asked to drink an infusion of Xi Yang
reated by Shen* (Radix Panacis Quinquefolil) 3g several times a day .
LUNG CANCER 467
The patient took the decoction for six months, after
which food intake had increased and his body was
stronger. His wheezing had been calmed and he could
move about normally . However, he would still occasion-
ally cough up blood-streaked phlegm .
Treatment principle
Nourish Yin and moisten the Lungs, stop coughing and
transform Phlegm .
Prescription
BAI HE GU JIN TANG JIA JIAN
Lily Bulb Decoction for Consolidating Metal, with modi-
fications
Bai He (Bulbus I ilii) 12g
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita) 9g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 9g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 1Og
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis) 10g
Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) 6g
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) 6g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 3g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 9g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 6g
Dang Gui Shen (Corpus Radicis Angelicae Sinensis) 6g
Bai Tou Weng (Radix Pulsatillae Chinensis) 9g
While taking the decoction, the patient would still occasion-
ally cough blood . Early in 1987, he began to cough up solid
material with a subsequent feeling of relief in the chest
Pathological examination of the material indicated cancerous
tissue. The patient then reverted to the initial prescription for
fortifying the Spleen and moistening the Lungs to
strengthen the body . The disease stabilized for three years
while taking the prescription . Follow-up visits over the next
five years indicated no extension of the cancer .
Case 2
A man of 55 presented at the end of 1985 with symp-
toms of coughing of blood-streaked phlegm and oppres-
sion and pain in the chest Bronchoscopy and CT scan
resulted in a diagnosis of lung cancer (undifferentiated
small-cell carcinoma of the upper lobe of the left lung)
and the patient underwent radical resection of the tumor
in January 1986 . Post-operative chemotherapy with the
EC regime (etoposide and carboplatin) resulted in general
debilitation and a WBC count of <2 .0x109 /L.
In order to be able to continue the treatment, the

468 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
patient was referred to Dr . Zheng. At that time, the
symptoms and signs included fatigue, lack of strength,
nausea, poor appetite, dry mouth with no desire for
drinks, cough, pain in the chest, thin and loose stools,
emaciation, a bright white facial complexion, a red
tongue body with a thin white coating, and a thready and
small pulse .
Pattern identification
Damage to Qi in the Middle Burner and impairment of
the transportation and transformation function . Unless
chemotherapy was assisted by other measures, it was
clear that Qi, Blood and Essence would be consumed
and damaged .
Treatment principle
Supplement Qi and nourish the Blood, fortify the Spleen
and boost the Stomach, assisted by moistening the Lungs
and nourishing Yin . This will gradually restore Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi), resulting in the pathogenic factors then dis-
appearing spontaneously .
Prescription
BU ZHONG YI QI TANG HE BAI HE GU
JIN TANG JIA JIAN
Decoction for Supplementing the Middle Burner and
Augmenting Qi Combined With Lily Bulb Decoction for
Consolidating Metal, with modifications
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 18g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 6g
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) 3g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 9g
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita) 9g
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 9g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 1 Og
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 15g
E Jiaoo (Gelatinum Corii Asini) 9g, melted in the decoc-
tion
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 3g
Bai Tou Weng (Radix Pulsatillae Chinensis) 9g
After taking the decoction, the WBC count . ncreased and
the other symptoms improved . The patient took the pre-
scription throughout the rest of the chemotherapy course
and for six months afterwards, enabling him to complete
the first course and subsequent courses up to January
1989.
YU RENCUN
Clinical experience
Dr. Yu treats lung cancer on the basis of pattern
identification :
DEFICIENCY OF SPLEEN AND LUNG QI
WITH PHLEGM-TURBIDITY OBSTRUCT-
ING THE LUNGS
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and supplement the Lungs, trans-
form phlegm and discharge turbidity.
Ingredients
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 10g
• Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 1 Og
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 1 Og
• Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa-
rata) 1Og
• Xing Cao (Herba Houttuyniae Cordatae) 15g
Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) 1 Og
Xing lien (Semen Pruni Armeniacae) 1 Og
INSUFFICIENCY OF QI AND YIN, AND
INTERNAL ACCUMULATION OF BLOOD
STASIS TOXINS
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and nourish Yin, transform Blood sta-
sis and relieve Toxicity
Ingredients
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 20g
Nan Sha Shen (Radix Adenophorae) 20g
Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) 20g
Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) 1 Og
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 10g
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 10g
Pu Huang (Pollen Typhae) 1 Og
San Qi (Radix Notoginseng) 1Og
Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) 6g

DEPLETION OF QI AND YIN, WITH
BINDING OF PHLEGM AND BLOOD
STASIS
pattern Treatment principle
Augment Qi and nourish Yin, transform Phlegm and
dispel Blood stasis .
vG QI Ingredients
2UCT-
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 20g
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyl-
lae) 30g
s, trans- Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g
Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) 6g
Nii Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 1Og
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praepa-
lae) lOg rata) 1Og
Xing Ken (Semen Pruni Armeniacae) I Og
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 12g
Quan Xiee (Buthus Martensi) 6g
Praepa- Nan Sha Shen (Radix Adenophorae) 12g
Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) 12g
15g San Qi (Radix Notoginseng) lOg
log Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 1 Og
Wu Gongs (Scolopendra Subspinipes) two pieces
A selection of the materia medica listed below can
l, AND be added to the above prescriptions to relieve Tox-
3LOOD icity and inhibit cancer where pattern identification
indicates that this is appropriate .
Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri) I Og
lood sta- Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
Tu Fu Ling (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae) 20g
Pu Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice) 15g
Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis) 1 Og
Shi Jian Chuan (Herba Salviae Chinensis) 30g
Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) lOg
Case history
a) 10g
During a routine chest examination, a shadow was dis-
covered in the lower lobe of the left lung of a man aged
59. After bronchoscopy, resection of the affected area
was performed ; pathological examination produced a
diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma with hilar lymph
node metastasis (two out of three nodes affected) . After
surgery, the patient received local radiotherapy with a
linear accelerator and a total dose of 6000cGy . Chemo-
therapy was not given . The patient was referred to Dr .
Yu to help counter the side-effects of the radiotherapy .
Symptoms included shortness of breath, dry mouth,
occasional coughing with some gray sputum, and fre-
quent belching . Urine was normal, and the patient had
one or two bowel movements per day with the stool
sometimes not formed. The tongue body was red with a
thin white coating, and a wiry, slippery and thready pulse .
The patient had smoked an average of 20 cigarettes a
day for 37 years, and was an occasional drinker ; he had a
history of malaria, kala-azar, hypertension, and coronary
disease, but no family history of cancer .
Pattern identification
Post-operative Lung Deficiency, Qi depletion, and Phlegm
and Dampness binding internally .
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and augment Qi, moisten the Lungs
and transform Phlegm, assisted by relieving Toxicity and
inhibiting cancer.
Prescription ingredients
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 20g
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae) 30g
Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu Adenophorae) 30g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) I Og
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) l Og
Xuan Fu Hua (Flos Inulae) 10g, wrapped
Dai Zhe Shzl (Haematitum) 15g, decocted for at least 30
minutes before adding the other ingredients
Zhe Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii) 1 Og
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g
Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) 15g
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
Shi Jian Chuan (Herba Salviae Chinensis) 30g
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 30g
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis) 15g
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 20g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 1 Og
Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried) l Og
Jim SbenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) lOg
Jim Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
scorch-fried) IOg
The patient drank the decoction for one year (one bag,
twice a day), with minor modifications depending on his
general state of health . Symptoms such as shortness of
470 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
breath showed a significant improvement . During this
period, the patient caught a cold twice, coughing large
amounts of yellow sputum but without a raised tempera-
ture . During these periods, the prescription was modified
by removing HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) and
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae) and
adding the following ingredients to clear Heat and relieve
Toxicity:
Tao Ken (Semen Persicae) 10g
Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae) 1 Og
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 15g
Yu Xing Cao (Herba Houttuyniae Cordatae) 30g
Bai Bu (Radix Stemonae) I Og
Zi Cao (Radix Arnebiae seu Lithospermi) I Og
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) 10g
The patient then undertook a course of chemotherapy
with 600mg of cyclophosphamide, 1mg of vincristine and
20mg of methotrexate a week for four weeks ; the course
was halted when the level of alanine transaminase (ALT)
rose to 130 units .
After the ALT level decreased to 90 units, the patient
had a cough with some white sputum, reduced food in-
take, and did not sleep well . The tongue body was pale
red with a thin white coating, and the pulse was thready,
slippery and rapid.
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and augment Qi, moisten the Lungs
and transform Phlegm, assisted by relieving Toxicity and
inhibiting cancer .
The patient continued to take the original prescription .
After another two months, the cough was less pro-
nounced, the appetite had improved and the patient had
no other discomfort.
Since the patient had a history of hypertension and
coronary disease, Dr . Yu now turned toward treating the
symptoms and signs that included dizziness, a moderate
increase in blood pressure, palpitations, and tremor in
both hands. The tongue body was red with a thin white
coating; the pulse was wiry and slippery .
Materia medica for calming the Liver such as Xia Ku
Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) 15g, Gou 7ng (Ramulus
Uncariae cum Uncis) 30g, Ye Ju Hua (Flos Chrysanthemi
Indici) 30g, and Sang Zhi (Ramulus Mori Albae) I Og were
added for three months to the original prescription .
Blood pressure then stabilized . The patient was given an
amended prescription for long-term treatment .
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and augment Qi, nourish Yin and
moisten the Lungs, relieve Toxicity and transform
Phlegm.
Prescription ingredients
Nan Sha Sben (Radix Adenophorae) 30g
Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) 30g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis) 15g
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae) 30g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 20g
Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) 1 Og
NR Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 12g
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) l Og
He Shou Wu (Radix Polygoni Multitiori) 30g
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) 10g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 1 Og
Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae) 1 Og
Pi Pa Ye (Folium Eriobotryae Japonicae) I Og
Qian Hu (Radix Peucedani) 1 Og
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 20g
Jim Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried) 3Og
Jim ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) 30g
Jim Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
scorch-fried) 30g
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 30g
Sometimes the materia medica in the prescription for
augmenting Qi and nourishing Yin were changed to Shi
Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) 20g, Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schi-
sandrae) 10g and Chao Suan Zao Ren (Semen Ziziphi
Spinosae, stir-fried) 30g, and those for inhibiting cancer
and relieving Toxicity to Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis) l Og,
Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri) 10g and Shi Jian Chuan
(Herba Salviae Chinensis) 30g.
The patient had survived for 10 years after the initial
surgery . Routine X-ray and B-ultrasonography examina-
tions every six months did not indicate any particular
abnormalities . The patient's appetite, sleep and mental
outlook were all normal ; he occasionally had a slight
cough with white phlegm, and blood pressure was
slightly high, but his overall quality of life was relatively
good .
On his last visit 10 years after the initial consultation, the
patient's tongue was slightly dark with a scant coating . To
consolidate the improvement, the patient was told to
continue with the TCM treatment.
 LUNG CANCER 471

Treatment principle
Augment Qi and nourish Yin, relieve Toxicity and inhibit
Yin and
cancer, calm the Liver and reduce blood pressure .
transform
Ingredients
Nan Sba Shen (Radix Adenophorae) 30g
Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) 30g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) 15g
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae) 20g
.e) 30g Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g
15g Ye Jiao Teng (Caulis Polygoni Multiflon) 30g
Chao Suan Zao Ren (Semen 7iziphi Spinosae, stir-fried) I5g
Jim Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried) 30g
Jim ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) 30g
Jim MaiYa (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
scorch-fried) 30g
Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) 15g
Ju Hua (Flos Chrysanthemi Morifolii) 15g
Bai Zbi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae) 1 Og
Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis) 15g
Long Kid (Herba Solani Nigri) 20g
Sang Ji Sheng (Ramulus Loranthi) 30g
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 30g
Commentary
This patient was treated with herbal medicine for 10
years without any toxic side-effects . He was re-examined
every year with no new lesion being discovered . Al-
though he had a history of hypertension and coronary
disease, this prescription both supports Vital Qi (Zheng
Qi) and dispels pathogenic factors . Within the formula :
• Ingredients from Sheng Mai San (Pulse-Generating
Powder) including Mat Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis
Japonici), Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Hetero-
phyllae) and Chao Suan Zao Ben (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae,
stir-fried) nourish Yin, augment Qi, moisten the Lungs,
and strengthen the Heart.
• Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris), Ju Hua (Flos
Chrysanthemi Morifolii), and Sang Ji Sheng (Ramulus
Loranthi) calm the Liver and reduce blood pressure .
• Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis), Long Kui (Herba Solani
Nigri) and Bat Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Dif-
fusae) are assistant ingredients for relieving Toxicity and
inhibiting cancer.
Basing the prescription on both pattern and disease dif-
ferentiation produced an excellent result.

ig
rminatus,

30g

ption for
red to Shi
:tus Schi-
i 7iziphi
ig cancer
ridis) 10g,
an Chuan

the initial
examina-
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I a slight
sure was
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ation, the
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told to


The majority of primary liver cancers are hepatomas (hepatocellular carcinomas) . Al-
though this type of cancer is relatively rare in the USA and Europe in patients without liver
cirrhosis, its high rate of incidence in other areas of the world, notably Southeast Asia and
Africa, mean that it is one of the ten most common cancers worldwide and a major cause
of cancer death . In the higher-risk areas, hepatomas are closely linked with the greater
prevalence of the hepatitis B and C viruses and with the presence of carcinogenic aflatox-
ins in food . Men are more likely to be affected than women .
In Western countries, the majority of liver cancers are metastatic cancers, most com-
monly originating in the lung, breast, colon, pancreas, or stomach . Diagnosis of a metas-
tatic cancer in the liver may often be the first sign of a cancer elsewhere in the body.

Clinical manifestations

• There may not be any symptoms and signs at the early stage, although some patients
may have reduced appetite, discomfort and distension in the upper abdomen, or fatigue .
• The typical clinical symptoms and signs of primary liver cancer generally occur at the
intermediate and late stages and include pain in the right hypochondrium, ascites, jaundice,
progressive emaciation, fever, lack of strength, poor appetite, and cachexia .
• A large mass can usually be felt in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen .
• A sudden deterioration in the condition of cirrhosis patients may indicate the devel-
opment of a hepatocellular carcinoma .
• The initial symptoms of metastatic liver cancer usually include loss of weight and poor
appetite with an enlarged liver. Fever and ascites may also be present later . Jaundice is likely
to appear and worsen as the disease progresses .

Etiology and pathology

The main etiology and pathology of liver cancer is invasion of external pathogenic Cold or
Dampness encumbering Spleen Yang and transforming into Heat, which steams to gener-
ate jaundice . Dietary irregularities damage the Spleen and Stomach resulting in Spleen De-
ficiency and Dampness encumbering the Spleen. Emotional problems cause Depression
and binding of Liver Qi, which results in Qi stagnation and Blood stasis and eventually in
tumors .

LIVER DEPRESSION AND SPLEEN
DEFICIENCY
Main symptoms and signs
Distension and fullness in the abdomen and hypo-
chondrium, particularly on the right side, intermit-
tent focal distension below the hypochondrium,
oppression and discomfort in the chest that is
aggravated when feeling angry, a bitter taste in the
mouth, poor appetite, or nausea and belching,
irritability and irascibility, and occasional loose
stools. The tongue body is pale red with a thin
yellow or white coating; the pulse is wiry and rapid .
Treatment principle
Dredge the Liver and regulate Qi, fortify the Spleen
and harmonize the Stomach .
Prescription
CHAI HU SHU GAN SAN HE XIAO YAO
SAN JIA JIAN
Bupleurum Powder for Dredging the Liver Com-
bined With Free Wanderer Powder, with modifica-
tions
Cu Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri, processed with vin-
egar) 9g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 9g
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae) 9g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 9g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Chao Cben Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, stir-
fried) 9g
Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) 9g
Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae) 9g 41
Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) 15g
Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
Ba Yue Zha (Fructus Akebiae) 15g
Ji NeiJir4 (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli) 12g
Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried) 12g
Jiao ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) 12g
Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
scorch-fried) 12g
Explanation
• Cu Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri, processed with
vinegar), Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae) and Xia Ku
Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) clear Heat and
regulate Liver Qi .
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Bai
Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) enrich Liver
Yin and nourish the Blood .
• Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae) and Yi Yi Ken
(Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) clear Heat and
percolate Dampness .
• Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
and Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) fortify
the Spleen and harmonize the Stomach .
• Chao Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae,
stir-fried) and Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii)
regulate Qi in the Middle Burner to support the
Spleen's transportation and transformation func-
tions.
• Ba Yue Zha (Fructus Akebiae) dredges the Liver,
regulates Qi and invigorates the Blood .
• Ji Nei Jinn (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae
Galli), Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-
fried), Jiao Shen Qu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-
fried), and Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris
Germinatus, scorch-fried) disperse food accu-
mulation and increase the appetite .
QI STAGNATION AND BLOOD STASIS
Main symptoms and signs
Sharp and fixed pain in the hypochondrium ra-
diating to the back and lower back, pain aggra-
vated during the night, focal distension below
the hypochondrium, oppression in the chest,
distension in the abdomen, reduced appetite and
little desire to eat, belching or hiccoughs, dry
stools, and scant urine. The tongue body is pur-
ple or dark red with stasis spots or marks and a
thin white or yellow coating ; the pulse is deep
and thready, or rough .


d) 12g Treatment principle by attacking and purging, whilst regulating Qi,

-minatus, Invigorate the Blood and transform Blood stasis, clearing Heat and draining downward .
move Qi and dissipate lumps . • Quan Xie$ (Buthus Martensi) strongly attacks
Toxins and clears Heat.
Prescription Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae),
TAO HONG SI WU TANG HE DA HUANG •
sed with Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) and Gui
ZHE CHONG WAN JIA JIAN Ban* (Plastrum Testudinis) enrich Yin and
I Xia Ku Peach Kernel and Safflower Four Agents Decoction nourish the Blood .
Seat and Combined With Rhubarb and Wingless Cockroach
Pill, with modifications
and Bai DAMP-HEAT TOXINS
ch Liver Tao Ben (Semen Persicae) 9g
Main symptoms and signs
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) 9g
Swelling in the upper abdomen, distension and
i Yi Ren Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 6g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g fullness in the stomach and abdomen with the ab-
-feat and domen sometimes enlarged like a drum, yellow eyes
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 9g
and skin, irritability, a bitter taste in the mouth, nau-
-ephalae) Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) 9g
sea, poor appetite, yellow bound stool, fever, and
s) fortify Ba Yue Zha (Fructus Akebiae) 12g
sweating. The tongue body is red or crimson and
• Jin (Radix Curcumae) 9g
dry with a thick, yellow and greasy coating ; the
:ticulatae, Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) 9g
pulse is slippery and rapid, or wiry, slippery and
Aurantii) Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) 9g
• Bie Chongt (Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga) 15g rapid .
sport the
ion func- Bai Sbao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g Treatment principle
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 3g Clear Heat and benefit the movement of Dampness,
he Liver, Quan Xief (Buthus Martensi) 3g relieve Toxicity and dissipate lumps.
BaiQu Cai (Herba Chelidonii) 15g
Gui Ban* (Plastrum Testudinis) 20g Prescription
Gigeriae YIN CHEN HAO TANG HE SI LING TANG
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
scorch- JIA JIAN
scorch Oriental Wormwood Decoction Combined With
Vulgaris Explanation
Poria Four Decoction, with modifications
od accu- • Tao Ren (Semen Persicae), Hong Hua (Flos Car-
thami Tinctorii) and Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae) 30g
Ligustici Chuanxiong) invigorate the Blood and Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae) 9g
benefit the movement of Qi . Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 9g
.SIS E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) and Tu Bei Chong$ Chao Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae jasminoidis, stir-
(Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga) break up Blood fried) 9g
stasis, disperse accumulations and alleviate pain . Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 6g
rium ra- • Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu), Ban Zhi
• aggra- Pu Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice) 20g
Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) and Bai Qu Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri) 30g
• below
Cai (Herba Chelidonii) clear Heat, relieve Tox- Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 15g
e chest,
icity and have anti-cancer properties . , Zhu Ling (Sclerotium Polypori) 15g
etite and
• Yu fin (Radix Curcumae), Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
ghs, dry
y is pur- Corydalis Yanhusuo) and Ba Yue Zha (Fructus Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 20g
ks and a Akebiae) invigorate the Blood and relieve De- Shui Hong Hua Zi (Fructus Polygoni) 30g
is deep pression . Da Fu Pi (Pericarpium Arecae Catechu) 15g
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) and Zhi Ke Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae) 9g
(Fructus Citri Aurantii) break up Blood stasis Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) 9g

476 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Ji Nei Jint (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae
Galli) 12g
Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried) 15g
Jiao ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) 15g
Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
scorch-fried) 15g
Explanation
Yin Chen Hao (Herba Axtemisiae Scopariae), Yu
fin (Radix Curcumae), Long Dan Cao (Radix
Gentianae Scabrae), and Huang Bai (Cortex
Phellodendri) clear Heat, dry Dampness and
invigorate the Blood to abate jaundice .
Chao Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis,
stir-fried) and Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma
Rhei) 6g clear Heat and drain downward.
Pu Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice), Long
Kui (Herba Solani Nigri) and Dan Shen (Radix
Salviae Miltiorrhizae) clear Heat, relieve Toxicity
and invigorate the Blood .
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis), Zhu Ling
(Sclerotium Polypori) and Yi Yi Ren (Semen
Coicis Lachryma-jobi) clear Heat through the
urine .
• Shui Hong Hua Zi (Fructus Polygoni) clears Heat
and softens hardness .
• Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis), Ji Nei
Jin$ (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli), Da
Fu Pi (Pericarpium Arecae Catechu), Jiao Shan
Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried), Jiao Shen
Qu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried), and Jiao
Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
scorch-fried) disperse food accumulation and
regulate Qi in the Middle Burner .
YIN DEFICIENCY OF THE LIVER AND
KIDNEYS
Main symptoms and signs
Continuous dull pain in the hypochondrium,
enlarged liver, drum distension and fulliess in the
abdomen, nausea, a bitter taste in the mouth, re-
duced appetite, emaciation, a dull yellow facial
complexion, thirst and a desire for drinks, low-grade
fever or a sensation of heat in the chest, palms and
soles, spontaneous sweating and night sweating, dry
skin, dizziness, irritability, petechiae, nosebleed,
bleeding gums, or vomiting of blood, dry or black
stools, scant urine, and limpness and aching in the
lower back and knees . The tongue body is red or
dull red and dry with peeling or cracks and a thin
white coating ; the pulse is deep, thready and rapid .
Treatment principle
Enrich and supplement the liver and Kidneys,
nourish the Blood and emolliate the Liver, benefit
the movement of water and relieve Toxicity .
Prescription
ZI SHUI QING GAN YIN HE MAI WEI DI
HUANG WAN JIA JIAN
Beverage for Enriching Water and Clearing the
Liver Combined With Ophiopogon and Rehmannia
Pill, with modifications
Dong Chong Xia Cao (Cordyceps Sinensis) 5g, de-
cocted separately from the other ingredients
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 20g
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) 20g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 15g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Han Lian Cao (Herba Ecliptae Prostratae) 30g
Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) 30g
San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng), 3g infused
and taken separately
He Shou Wu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori) 20g
Gui Ban* (Plastrum Testudinis) 20g
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 12g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 12g
Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) 9g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) 15g
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 9g
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 30g
Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri) 20g
Ba Yue Zha (Fructus Akebiae) 15g
Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried) 15g
Jiao ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) 15g
Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
scorch-fried) 15g

osebleed, Explanation
or black Sheng DI Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutino-
ng in the sae) and Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
is red or Asphodeloidis) clear Heat and generate Body
ad a thin Fluids.
d rapid . Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae), He Shou
Wu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori), Wu Wei Zi
(Fructus Schisandrae), and Gou Qi Zi (Fructus
Kidneys,
r, benefit Lycii) emolliate the Liver and nourish the
Y Blood .
Nil Zben Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi), Mai Men
Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici), Shan-Zhu
WEI DI Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis), Gui Ban* (Plas-
trurn Testudinis), and Dong Chong Xia Cao*
tring the
(Cordyceps Sinensis) nourish Liver and Kidney
:hmannia
Yin .
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis), Chi Shao
5g, de- (Radix Paeoniae Rubra), Ba Yue Zha (Fructus
_s Akebiae), Han Lian Cao (Herba Ecliptae Pros-
)sae) 20g tratae), Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae
j Pilosae), and San Pi Fen (Pulvis Radicis
Notoginseng) cool and invigorate the Blood to
stop bleeding.
• Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) and Ze Xie
(Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) percolate Damp-
iOg ness whilst protecting Yin.
. Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Dif-
09
g infused fusae) and Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri) clear
Heat, relieve Toxicity and have anti-cancer
properties.
• Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried),
Jiao Shen Qu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried)
id) 12g and Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Ger-
minatus, scorch-fried) disperse accumulations
and regulate Qi in the Middle Burner .
)idis) 15g
asae) 30g TCM treatment of common
complications of liver capcer
3) 15g Common complications such as nausea and vom-
:d) 15g icing, pain, fever, jaundice, constipation, vomit-
rminatus, ing of blood, and blood in the stool are discussed
in detail in Chapters 4 and 5 .
LIVER CANCER 477
INTERNAL TREATMENT
For ascites, diarrhea and loose stools as specific
complications of liver cancer, choose three to five
of the following herbs and add to the prescriptions
detailed in the pattern identification above .
Ascites
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 15g
CheQian Cao (Herbs Plantaginis) 15g
Zhu Ling (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati) 30g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri) 20g
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 15g
Chi Xiao Dou (Semen Phaseoli Calcarati) 15g
Shang Lu (Radix Phytolaccae) 12g
Qian Niu Zi (Semen Pharbitidis) 6g
Huai Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) 9g
Ban Bian Lian (Herba Lobeliae Chinensis cum
Radice) 20g
Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) 3g
Shui Hong Hua Zi (Fructus Polygoni) 20g
Diarrhea and loose stools due to Spleen Qi
Deficiency
Chao Bai Bian Dou (Semen Dolichoris Lablab,
stir-fried) 20g
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 20g
Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
Rou Dou Kou (Semen Myristicae Fragrantis) 12g
Chi Shi Zha (Halloysitum Rubrum) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis) 9g
Pao Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Prae-
parata) 9g
Diarrhea and loose stools due to Damp-Heat
pouring downward
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 6g
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 6g
Qin Pi (Cortex Fraxini) 9g
Bai Tou Weng (Radix Pulsatillae Chinensis) 9g
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 9g
INTEGRATION OF CHINESE MEDICINE
IN TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR THE
MANAGEMENT OF LIVER CANCER
Surgery and postoperative period
Before surgery
Surgery is the main treatment method for primary
liver cancer at the early stage . Materia medica for
supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and regulating the
Intestines and Stomach should be taken for one
week before the operation (see chapter 3) .
Postoperative period
In the immediate postoperative period, Tiao Wei
ChengQi Tang He Sheng Mai Yin Jia Jian (Decoction
for Regulating the Stomach and Sustaining Qi Com-
bined With Pulse-Generating Beverage, with
modifications) can be taken to regulate and aug-
ment Stomach Qi, constrain Yin, generate Body
Fluids, and nourish the Heart.
Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu Adenophorae) 20g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 9g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) 6g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 9g
Yi Y Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
Ji Nei Jint (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae
Galli) 12g
Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae) 9g
Chao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
stir-fried) 20g
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 12g
Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) 9g
Fo Shou (Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis) 9g
Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Piiosae)~l5g
Bai Ja* (Rhizoma Bletillae Striatae) 10g
San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 3g, infused
in the prepared decoction and taken separately
For fever, Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang He Ge Xia Zhu Yu
Tang (Sweet Wormwood and Turtle Shell Decoction
Combined With Decoction for Expelling Stasis
from Below the Diaphragm) can be prescribed . Ad-
ditional prescriptions for treating postoperative fe-
ver can be found in Chapter 5 .
General treatment to assist postoperative recovery
is detailed in Chapter 3 .
Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy is suitable for patients in reasonably
good health overall, with normal liver function tests
and a localized tumor which cannot be removed by
surgery.
INTERNAL TREATMENT
The treatment principles of supplementing Qi
and nourishing the Blood, generating Body Fluids
and moistening Dryness, and clearing Heat and re-
lieving Toxicity can be applied as appropriate (see
Esophageal cancer for details, page 430) .
To fortify the Spleen and regulate Qi, nourish
Yin and generate Body Fluids, and enrich and sup-
plement the Liver and Kidneys, the following ingre-
dients can be used :
Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu Adenophorae)
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japoniei)
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis)
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae)
Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi)
Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried)
Jiao ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried)
Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
scorch-fried)
Chao Zhi Ke (Fructus Cirri Aurantii, stir-fried)
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis)
Xuan Fu Hua (Flos Inulae)
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis)
fin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae)
Pu Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice)
Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi)
Han Lian Cao (Herba Ecliptae Prostratae)
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii)

Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae)
ng Stasis
Bai Jiang Cao (Herba Patriniae cum Radice)
ibed . Ad-
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
:rative fe
• Our clinical experience at the Sino Japanese
recovery Friendship Hospital indicates that large dosages of
materia medica for invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, softening hardness and
dissipating lumps such as San Leng (Rhizoma Spar-
ganii Stoloniferi), E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae), Tao
easonably Ren (Semen Persicae), and Hong Hua (Flos Carthami
:tion tests Tinctorii) should not be prescribed during radio-
roved by therapy for liver cancer because they may shorten
the survival period . Combining these materia
medica with others for supporting Vital Qi (Zheng
Qi) counters this risk.
mting Qi
dy Fluids Chemotherapy
it and re-
The effect of generalized chemotherapy on liver
,riate (see
cancer is very poor and the immediate effect on
late-stage liver cancer results in an improvement in
nourish
the quality of life and extension of the survival pe-
and sup-
riod in only 15 percent of those treated . In our
ing ingre-
clinical experience, integration of TCM works bet-
ter than chemotherapy on its own and will enhance
t) its effect for patients who are not suitable for sur-
ici) gery or radiotherapy (see also chapter 3) .
,is) Side-effects of chemotherapy for liver cancer
include bone marrow suppression and digestive
alae) tract reactions such as nausea, vomiting, poor appe-
tite, and Liver-Stomach disharmony (for more de-
tailed discussions, see the relevant sections in
Chapters 4 and 5) .
d)
:d)
rminatus, Treatment notes
As mentioned previously, surgery is the main
method for treating primary liver cancer at the early
stage . Integration of TCM before and after surgery
will improve the patient's quality of life and prolong
the survival period . Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bu-
pleurum Decoction), Xiao Tao San (Free Wanderer
Powder) and Liu Wei Di Huang Tang (Six-Ingredient
Rehmannia Decoction) can be prescribed during
postoperative recovery .
LIVER CANCER 479
After the patient has recovered from surgery,
materia medica for dispersing accumulations, sof-
tening hardness, relieving Toxicity, and clearing
Heat should be prescribed to support Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi) and dispel pathogenic factors by sup-
plementing and attacking simultaneously . Suitable
materia medica include Ba Yue Zha (Fructus Ake-
biae), Gui Ban* (Plastrum Testudinis), Pu Gong Ying
(Herba Taraxaci cum Radice), and Bai Jiang Cao
(Herba Patriniae cum Radice) . The treatment prin-
ciples of fortifying the Spleen and harmonizing the
Stomach, and dredging the Liver and enriching the
Kidneys should be applied throughout the treat-
ment process.
Other therapies
DIET THERAPY
After surgery, patients should eat food with a
high protein and vitamin content such as eggs, pig's
and lamb's liver, hawthorn fruit, bananas, pome-
granates, and water melon .
• During radiotherapy, patients should eat food
with a high nutritional value and an enriching and
moistening nature such as fresh lotus root, chest-
nuts, wax gourd, wild rice stem, pears, and grapes .
• During chemotherapy, it is better to eat light
and easily digested food with a high nutritional
value such as goose meat, Yi Mi Zhou (Coix Seed
Congee), Chinese yam powder, Xing Ren Shuang
(Apricot Kernel Jelly), fresh peaches, wax gourd,
lotus root, and water melon.
• Patients must avoid alcohol and cigarettes and
not eat any stimulating foods such as spicy food,
chilli, raw onion and chives, or food that is difficult
to digest.
QIGONG THERAPY
Patients with liver cancer can practice stre ening
Qigong in a standing posture, but without making
expansive movements . However, these exercises are
not suitable for patients who have recently under-
gone surgery . Patients with ascites or rupture of the
hepatobiliary capsules should not undertake Qigong
exercises .
480 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Strengthening Qigong in a sitting posture and
inner-nourishing Qigong respiration (inhale-pause-
exhale) and tongue movement can also be practiced
to generate fluids to stop thirst, clear the throat and
moisten dryness (see details in Chapter 6) . Qigong
should not be practiced where there is a risk of the
patient catching a cold .
Clinical experience and case
histories
Clinical experience
Liver cancer is an extremely serious disease with a
very poor prognosis ; survival after diagnosis, which
is usually made at the late stage, is months rather
than years . When clinical manifestations include a
firm mass in the abdomen, pain in the hypochon-
drium radiating to the back, focal distension and
fullness below the heart, reduced appetite or inabil-
ity to eat, distension and fullness or distension and
pain in the abdomen, jaundice, puffy swelling of the
limbs, drum distension, and difficult urination and
defecation, they suggest a pattern of congestion
and exuberance of pathogenic factors ; however, Dr.
Gu does not focus on measures for dispelling
pathogenic factors, preferring instead to emolliate,
nourish and dredge the Liver, and regulate Qi .
His method is based on the TCM principles that
accumulations only occur in persons with a Deficient
constitution and that accumulations form due to in-
sufficiency of Vital Qi (Zheng Qi), so that patho-
genic factors come to dominate . Many patients with
liver cancer have a long history of hepatitis or cirrho-
sis of the liver, manifesting as fatigue, shortness of
breath, poor appetite, dry mouth, night sweating, a
sensation of heat in the chest, palms and soles, ema-
ciation, a bare tongue body with no coating, and a
thready and rapid pulse . In these circumstance, Yin
will be predominant and Yang will tend to be used up.
When Yin is predominant, it is likely that
Liver-Blood will be depleted and Liver Yin damaged ;
when Yang is being used up, Liver Qi is likely to be
depressed and stagnated .
Prescription
GAN Al TANG
Liver Cancer Decoction
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 20g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) 15g
GouQi Zi. (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 12g
Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae) 15g
Sha Ken (Fructus Amomi) 1 Og
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 40g
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 1 Og
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 5g
Modifications
1 . For severe pain, add Xi Xin (Herba cum Radice
Asari) max . 9g, Quan Xiet (Buthus Martensi) 6g
and Wu Gongt (Scolopendra Subspinipes) 3g.
2 . For jaundice, add Yin Chen Hao (Herba Ar
temisiae Seopariae) 30g and Huang Bai (Cortex
Phellodendri) 6g.
3 . For hard lumps, add Chuan Shan fiat (Squama
Manitis Pentadactylae) 20g, Shui Zhit (Hirudo
seu Whitmania) 10g and Zhe Bei Mu (Bulbus
Fritillariae Thunbergii) 10g .
4. For ascites and puffy swelling, add Yi Yi Ken
(Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g, Ze Xie (Rhi-
zoma Alismatis Orientalis) 30g and Fu Ling
(Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g.
5 . For abdominal distension, add Chen Pi (Pericar-
pium Citri Reticulatae) 6g and Da Fu Pi (Peri-
carpium Arecae Catechu) 10g.
6 . For irritability, a sensation of heat in the chest,
palms and soles, and a very dry mouth, add Zhi
Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 6g, Huang
Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 6g and Gui Ban*
(Plastrum Testudinis) 20g.
7 . For dry stool, add Rou Gong Rong (Herba Cis-
tanches Deserticolae) 30g, Bai Zi Ken (Semen
Biotae Orientalis) 1 Og and Dang Gui (Radix An-
gelicae Sinensis) 30g.

Case history
A man aged 61 had a long history of hepatitis B . In the
previous five months, he had suffered from emaciation,
Dsae) 15g fatigue and aversion to food . The disease was diagnosed
ici) 20g as liver cancer by CT examination with an increase in the
serum alpha-fetoprotein level to 990 pg/L . In November
1995, the patient underwent surgery, but because the
tumor was multifocal, had spread to regional lymph
nodes and was adherent to adjacent tissues and muscles,
it could not be completely resected . The patient was then
given three courses of chemotherapy .
In March 1996, he attended Dr . Gu's clinic . Symptoms
usae) 40g included distension and pain in the right hypochondrium
30g radiating to the back, aversion to food, focal distension
5g and fullness in the abdomen and stomach, especially after
alae) 15g eating and at night, with distension sometimes being so
bad at night that the patient could not sleep, dry mouth
and throat, fatigue, irritability, restlessness and irascibility,
and occasional puffy swelling in the legs . The tongue
body was red with a scant coating ; the pulse was wiry,
thready and rapid .
m Radice
rtensi) 6g Treatment principle
:s) 3g. Enrich and supplement the Liver and Kidneys, relieve
erba Ar- Toxicity, and disperse accumulations.
e (Cortex
Prescription ingredients
(Squama Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 20g
(Hirudo
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 15g
(Bulbus
Bai Sbao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 12g
i Yi Ren Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae) 15g
Xie (Rhi- Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 12g
Fu Ling Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae),50g
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
(Pericar Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
Pi (Peri- Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Fu Iing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) l Og
Sha Ken (Fructus Amomi) 1Og
he chest,
Xi Xin* (Herba cum Radice Asari) 6g
add Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 5g
g, Huang
One bag was used to prepare a decoction, taken twice a
;ui Ban*
day. After 12 bags, the patient felt conside ably less tired
than before and food intake had increased . Although
°rba Cis-
there was still deep-lying pain in the hypochondrium and
(Semen
distension and pain in . the stomach and abdomen, they
adix An-
were less severe than before and the patient could sleep
properly and felt in a better mood .
LIVER CANCER 481
The prescription was modified by removing HuangQin
(Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis), increasing the dosages of
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) to 20g and Xi Xin*
(Herba cum Radice Asari) to 10g, and adding Chuan Shan
fiat (Squama Manitis Pentadactylae) 10g, Zhe Bei Mu
(Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii) 20g and Shui Zhzi (Hirudo
seu Whitmania) 6g. After six bags, the symptoms had
improved significantly .
The patient continued to take the basic decoction until
November 1997, modified in accordance with his current
state of health (for instance, for Blood stasis, materia
medica for invigorating the Blood and transforming
Blood stasis were added ; for Qi stagnation, materia
medica for regulating Qi were added) . At that time, the
patient felt no discomfort, slept well, ate regularly, and
urine and stool were normal . B-ultrasound examination
indicated that the mass in the liver had not increased in
size over the previous year .
Commentary
The main symptoms of liver cancer are distension, full-
ness, focal distension, and pain . When surgery is not
appropriate (as is usually the case with late diagnosis),
over-strong chemotherapy may have an adverse effect,
making Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) even more Deficient, aggra-
vating the symptoms, and worsening the overall condi-
tion .
Dr. Gu considers that the root cause of the liver can-
cer will have existed for a long time, pathogenic factors
will have invaded deep inside the body and Vital Qi will
have been damaged. If the pathogenic factors are
attacked too violently, Vital Qi will be damaged further,
allowing the pathogenic factors to consolidate their posi-
tion. Thus, supplementing Deficiency should be
employed as the main principle, or used in combination
with measures to attack pathogenic factors .
For this reason, Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae
Glutinosae), Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae), Shan
Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis), and GouQi Zi (Fruc-
tus Lycii) are used to greatly supplement Liver and Kid-
ney Yin. They are combined with Chai Hu (Radix
Bupleuri) and Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae) to dredge the
Liver and regulate Qi, and are assisted by Ren Shen (Radix
Ginseng), Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos), Bai Zhu
(Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae), Gan Cao (Radix
Glycyrrhizae), and Sha Ren (Fructus Amomi) to reinforce
the Spleen to prevent Liver-Wood restraining
Spleen-Earth. Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis
Diffusae) and Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae)
are used to relieve Toxicity and disperse accumulations .


482 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER

After taking the prescription, most patients experience Since the patients' general condition improves, the sur-
a reduction in fatigue, an increase in appetite, and a vival period is generally longer.
reduction in the sensation of fullness, distension and pain .


the sur-
Stomach cancer

Stomach cancer is much more common in China, Japan and Chile than in other countries .
It is the seventh most common cause of death from cancer in the USA and the sixth in the
UK. In China, it accounts for around 10 percent of all malignant tumors and half of tu-
mors in the digestive tract and is one of the main causes of death from cancer . The risk of
stomach cancer increases with age, with less than 25 percent occurring in people younger
than 50 . The male to female ratio varies among countries from 2 .5-4:1 .
Most gastric cancers are adenocarcinomas and occur in the antrum . There is a strong
link between Helicobacterpylori, the bacterium that plays a role in duodenal ulcers, and .stom-
ach cancer, and the WHO categorizes H. pylori as a-Class 1 gastric carcinogen. Dietary fac-
tors such as a high intake of salt or carbohydrates or a low intake of green vegetables and
fruit may also be associated with some stomach cancers . There is also a higher incidence of
stomach cancer among smokers .
The prognosis is generally poor, since most patients do not present until the cancer is
fairly well advanced. However, in Japan where there is a very high incidence of gastric can-
cer and endoscopy is used to screen for early stomach cancers, surgery can be performed
much earlier with better results. In other countries, surgery is performed at all stages if the
condition is operable, with the stomach and adjacent lymph nodes being removed . If the
cancer has metastasized, surgery may be used to relieve symptoms, particularly where
tumors are obstructing the passage of food . Otherwise, chemotherapy and radiotherapy
are administered for symptomatic relief .

Clinical manifestations

• About one-third of patients do not have recognizable symptoms in the digestive tract
at the early stage.
• Even though some patients may have manifestations of discomfort in the stomach
such as foul belching, acid regurgitation, a dull pain in the upper abdomen, poor appetite,
emaciation, lack of strength, occult blood in the stool or tarry stools (melena), these may
initially be wrongly considered as symptoms of gastritis or benign peptic ulcers .
• When the carcinoma develops aid the tumor grows larger and starts to bleed, the late stage
has already been reached. Manifestations include severe pain in the upper abdomen after taking
food, clearly reduced appetite, anemia, emaciation, melena, fatigue, and lack of strength .
• Metastasis of stomach cancer can cause enlargement of the liver (hepatomegaly), jaun-
dice and abdominal swelling due to ascites . The cancer may also spread to the brain and
bones.

Etiology and pathology
• Dietary irregularities such as over intake of
alcohol, or invasion of Wind-Cold pathogenic fac-
tors, which then accumulate internally, damage the
Spleen and Stomach, causing failure of the trans-
portation and transformation function and resulting
in impairment of the distribution of Body Fluids
and internal collection of Phlegm-Damp .
• Emotional problems such as long-term accu-
mulation of anger and depression result in
constrained Liver Qi leading to Liver-Stomach
disharmony and Qi stagnation in the Spleen and
Stomach, Liver Depression, and Stomach-Heat
damaging Yin. Prolonged Liver Depression, Qi
stagnation, Blood stasis, and binding of
Phlegm-stasis disturb the Spleen and Stomach,
weakening the Stomach and preventing it from dis-
persing the Essence of Grain properly, thus result-
ing in the formation of tumors .
• Prolonged illness consumes and damages Yang
Qi resulting in Deficiency and depletion of Qi and
Blood, and Deficiency and debilitation of the
Spleen and Stomach .
Pattern identification and
treatment principles
INTERNAL TREATMENT
LIVER-STOMACH DISHARMONY
Main symptoms and signs
Distension, fullness and intermittent pain in the
stomach and chest radiating to the ribs, hiccoughs,
vomiting, belching, and acid upflow The tongue
body is pale or dull red with a thin white or thin
yellow coating ; the pulse is wiry, or 4 wiry and
thready:
Treatment principle
Soothe the Liver and harmonize the Stomach, bear
counterflow downward and alleviate pain .
Prescription
XIAO YAO SAN HE XUAN FU DAI ZHE
TANG JI SHU GAN WAN JIA JIAN
Free Wanderer Powder Combined With Inula and
Hematite Decoction and Soothing the Liver Pill,
with modifications
Cu Chao Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri, stir-fried with
vinegar) 9g
Zhi Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi, proc-
essed) 9g
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 6g
Chao Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii, stir-fried) 6g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 9g
Xuan Fu Hua (Floc Inulae) 9g
Dai Zhe Shif (Haematitum) 15g, decocted for at least
30 minutes before adding the other ingredients
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 9g
Qing Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Depu-
rata) 9g
Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae) 9g
Chen Xiang (Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum) 6g
Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) 9g
Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Meliae Toosendan) 9g
Ji Nei Jinx (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae
Galli) 12g
Bai Ying (Herba Solani Lyrati) 15g
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
Explanation
• Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae), Cu Chao Chai Hu
(Radix Bupleuri, stir-fried with vinegar), Zhi
Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi, processed),
and Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)
move Qi and relieve Depression .
Chao Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii, stir-fried), Ji
Nei Jin$ (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli)
and Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae)
regulate Stomach Qi to disperse stagnation and
transform accumulation .
• Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) calms
Liver Yang to promote the flow of Qi .
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
and Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) dry
Dampness and fortify the Spleen .

• Xuan Fu Hua (Flos Inulae), Dai Zhe Shit (Haem-
U ZHE atitum), Chen Xiang (Lignum Aquilariae Resi-
natum), and Qing Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae
:nula and Ternatae Depurata) bear counterflow Qi
.fiver Pill, downward, transform Phlegm and stop vomit-
ing.
Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) and
tied with
Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Meliae Toosendan)
move Qi, invigorate the Blood and alleviate
ii, proc-
pain .
Bai Ying (Herba Solani Lyrati) and Ban Zhi Lian
(Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) clear Heat, relieve
d) 6g
Toxicity and have anti-cancer properties .
alae) 9g
SPLEEN AND STOMACH DEFICIENCY
COLD
:)r at least Main symptoms and signs
ents Dull pain in the stomach that likes warmth and
pressure, morning intake vomited in the evening or
Le Depu- evening intake vomited in the morning, food
remaining in the stomach and not being digested,
vomiting of clear water, a dull white facial com-
6g plexion, cold limbs, mental fatigue, edema, and
9g
loose stools or early morning diarrhea . The tongue
9g is pale and enlarged with tooth marks and a white
Gigeriae and very moist coating, the pulse is deep and mod-
erate, or deep and thready, or thready and soggy.
30g Treatment principle
Warm the Middle Burner and dissipate Cold, fortify
the Spleen and harmonize the Stomach .
Chai Hu
Prescription
gar), Zhi
LI ZHONG TANG HE LIU JUN ZI TANG
~ocessed),
JIA JIAN
ticulatae)
Decoction for Regulating the Middle Burner Com-
bined With Six Gentlemen Decoction, with modi-
fried), Ji
fications
iae Galh)
Lappae) Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) 6g or
ation and Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macroce'phalae) 9g
e) calms Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 9g
Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis) 3g
cephalae) Kou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) 9g, added
cos) dry 5 minutes before the end of the decoction process
Hong Dou Kou (Fructus Alpiniae Galangae) 9g
STOMACH CANCER 485
Wu Zhu Yu (Fructus Evodiae Rutaecarpae) 6g
Ding Xiang (Flos Caryophylli) 6g
Tan Xiang (Lignum Santali Albi) 6g
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata) 9g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Chao Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi,
stir-fried) 30g
Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried) 9g
Jiao ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) 9g
Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
scorch-fried) 9g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 9g
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 15g
Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri) 15g
Explanation
• Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng), Dang Shen (Radix
Codonopsitis Pilosulae) and Huang Qi (Radix
Astragali seu Hedysari) supplement Qi .
• Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocepha-
lae), Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) and
Chao Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi,
stir-fried) percolate Dampness and assist the
Spleen's transformation and transportation
function .
• Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis),
Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae), Wu Zhu
Yu (Fructus Evodiae Rutaecarpae), Hong Dou
Kou (Fructus Alpiniae Galangae), Fa Ban Xia
(Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata), and
Ding Xiang (Flos Caryophylli) warm the Middle
Burner and dissipate Cold, transform Phlegm
and stop vomiting.
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) warms and supple-
ments the Kidneys.
• Tan Xiang (Lignum Santali Albi) moves Qi and
alleviates pain .
• Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried),
Jiao Shen Qu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried),
Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germina-
tus, scorch-fried), and Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri
Reticulatae) harmonize the Stomach, disperse
stagnation and transform accumulation .
• Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri) clears Heat, re-
lieves Toxicity and has anti-cancer properties .

486 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
STOMACH-HEAT DAMAGING YIN
Main symptoms and signs
A sensation of burning heat, dull pain and discom-
fort in the stomach, belching, no desire to eat despite
hunger, acute pain after food intake, dry mouth, a
liking for cold drinks, a sensation of heat in the chest,
palms and soles, and dry stools . The tongue body is
deep red, or crimson and dry, or bright red, or has
cracks and a scant or peeling coating, the pulse is
thready and rapid, or slippery and rapid .
Treatment principle
Boost the Stomach and nourish Yin, clear Heat and
relieve Toxicity.
Prescription
YI WEI TANG HE MAI MEN DONG TANG
JIA JIAN
Decoction for Boosting the Stomach Combined
With Ophiopogon Decoction, with modifications
Shi Gaol (Gypsum Fibrosum) 15g, decocted for at
least 15 minutes before adding the other ingredients
Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) 9g
Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis) 20g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
• Zhu (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati) 9g
Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) 15g
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis) 30g
Cben Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae) 9g
• Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata) 9g
Huang L.ian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 6g
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 15g
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 6g
Mang Xiaot (Mirabilitum) 6g
Ji NeiJinn (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galh) 12g
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 9g
Chao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
stir-fried) 20g
Chao Zbi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis, stir-
fried) 9g
Explanation
Shi Gaol (Gypsum Fibrosum), Huang Lian
(Rhizoma Coptidis) and Zhi Mu (Rhizoma
Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) drain Stomach-
Fire and protect Body Fluids.
• Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis), Mai
Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici), Yu
Zhu (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati), Shi Hu*
(Herba Dendrobii), and Tian Hua Fen (Radix
Trichosanthis) nourish Yin and generate Body
Fluids .
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Fa Ban
Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata)
and Zhu Rir (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) clear
Heat and transform Phlegm, bear counterflow
Qi downward and stop vomiting .
• Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), Mang Xiaot
(Mirabilitum), Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan
Radicis) and Chao Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae
Jasminoidis, stir-fried) clear Heat through the
stools and guide out stagnation .
• Chao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germi-
natus, stir-fried) and Ji Nei Jint (Endothelium
Corneum Gigeriae Galli) transform food accu-
mulation and promote the appetite .
PHLEGM-COLD CONGEALING
Main symptoms and signs
Oppression in the chest and fullness in the dia-
phragm and below the heart, inhibited swallowing,
vomiting of phlegm and saliva, a bland taste in the
mouth, reduced food intake, distension in the ab-
domen, Phlegm nodes, obesity due to Deficiency, a
yellow facial complexion, and loose stools. The
tongue body is pale red with a white and thick, or
yellow and greasy coating; the pulse is wiry and
slippery.
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and dry Dampness, transform
Phlegm and dissipate lumps .
Prescription
ER CHEN TANG HE HAI ZAO YU HU
TANG JIA JIAN
Two Matured Ingredients Decoction Combined
With Sargassum Jade Flask Decoction, with modi-
fications
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyl-
lae) 15g
Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis) 9g


ilis), Mai Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g lusterless facial complexion, pale lips and nails, irri-
, nici), Yu Chen Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae) 9g tability due to Deficiency, sleeplessness, spontane-
Shi Hu* Qing Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Depu- ous sweating and night sweating, or low-grade fever ;
n (Radix rata) 9g in more serious cases, there may be puffy swelling
ate Body Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 20g of the limbs and face, reduced food intake, inability
Hai Zao (Herba Sargassi) 15g to taste food, and emaciation due to Deficiency of
,FaBan Jiang Cant (Bombyx Batryticatus) 10g Kidney Yin and Yang. The tongue body is pale and
aeparata) Kun Bu (Thallus Laminariae seu Eckloniae) 9g enlarged with a thin or greasy coating ; the pulse is
iiis) clear Lai Fu Zi (Semen Raphani Sativi) 15g deep, thready and forceless.
interflow Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) 15g
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 15g Treatment principle
Supplement Qi and nourish the Blood, fortify the
2ng Xiaot Dai Zhe Shit (Haematitum) 20g, decocted for at least
30 minutes before adding the other ingredients Spleen and augment the Kidneys.
Moutan
',ardeniae Si Gua Luo (Fasciculus Vascularis Luffae) 15g Prescription
)ugh the Yi Yi Ben (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g SHI QUAN DA BU TANG JIA JIAN
Perfect Major Supplementation Decoction, with
Germi- Explanation modifications
athelium • Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyl-
ad accu- lae) supplements Qi and generates Body Fluids . HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
• Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis), Bai Zhu (Rhi- Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 20g
zoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) and Yi Yi. Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
Ken (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) percolate Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 9g
Dampness and fortify the Spleen . Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 15g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
• Lai Fu Zi (Semen Raphani Sativi) and Chen Pi
the dia- (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) promote the Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
illowing, movement of Qi and transform accumulation . quita) 15g
to in the • Qing Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Depu- Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
the ab- Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati) 15g
rata), Si Gua Luo (Fasciculus Vascularis Luffae)
ciency, a E Jiaot (Gelatinum Corii Asini) 15g, melted in the
and Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) dry Damp-
As. The ness, transform Phlegm and disperse focal disten- prepared decoction
thick, or Zi He Chet (Placenta Hominis) 12g
sion .
airy and Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) 3g
• Hai Zao (Herba Sargassi), Jiang Cant (Bombyx
Batryticatus) and Kun Bu (Thallus Laminariae Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 20g
seu Eckloniae) soften hardness and disperse GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
swelling with saltiness . Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 15g
ansform Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 9g
• Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) clears
Chao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
Heat, relieves Toxicity and has anti-cancer
stir-fried) 30g
properties.
Dai Zhe Shit (Haematitum) and Zhu Ru (Caulis
Bambusae in Taeniis) bear counterflow Qi Explanation
)mbined downward and stop vomiting. • Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari),
h modi- ,9r
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) and
Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati) supplement
DEPLETION OF QI AND BLOOD
Qi.
:rophyl- Main symptoms and signs • Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
Generalized lack of strength, feeling flustered, and Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) fortify
shortness of breath, dizziness, a sallow yellow the Spleen and dry Dampness.

488 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Dan Shen
(Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae), Sheng Di Huang
(Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae), Shu Di Huang
(Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita), E
Jiao (Gelatinum Corii Asini), GouQi Zi (Fructus
Lycii), and Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
supplement, nourish and invigorate the Blood .
• Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae), Zi He Chef (Placenta
Hominis) and Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi
Cassiae) boost the Kidneys, consolidate the Es-
sence and warm Yang.
• Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) and Chap
Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
stir-fried) promote the movement of Qi and
transform accumulation .
ACUPUNCTURE
Acupuncture is a supplementary method of treating
stomach cancer and can only help to alleviate the
symptoms, strengthen the constitution and improve
digestion.
Main points : CV 12 Zhongwan, BL-17 Geshu,
BL-21 Weishu, and ST-36 Zusanli .
Auxiliary points : PC-6 Neiguan, BL-20 Pishu,
LI-4 Hegu, and SP-6 Sanyinjiao .
Technique : Apply the even method and retain the
needles for 20-30 minutes. Perform warm-needling
moxibustion at ST 36 Zusanli and SP-6 Sanyinjiao .
TCM treatment of common
complications of stomach cancer
Nausea and vomiting, dry mouth, pain, consti-
pation, vomiting of bloog and blood in the
stool are all common complications of stomach
cancer. Treatment of these conditions according to
pattern identification is discussed in the appropriate
sections of Chapters 4 and 5.
• Abdominal distension is treated with the fol-
lowing prescription :
Da Fu Pi (Pericarpium Arecae Catechu) 20g
Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) 9g
Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii) 9g
Jiao Bing Lang* (Semen Arecae Catechu, scorch-
fried) 9g
Lai Fu Zi (Semen Raphani Sativi) 15g
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 6g
Sha Ken (Fructus Amomi) 3g
• Loose stools are treated with the following pre-
scription :
Chao Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi,
stir-fried) 30g
Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis) 12g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 12g
Er Cha (Pasta Acaciae seu Uncariae) 9g
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 20g
Bai Bian Dou (Semen Dolichoris Lablab) 15g
He Zi (Fructus Terminaliae Chebulae) 9g
Rou Dou Kou (Semen Myristicae Fragrantis) 15g
• Anemia is treated with the following pre-
scription :
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 15g
Ji'Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g
E Jiao (Gelatinum Corii Asini) 15g
Gui Ban Jiao* (Gelatinum Plastri Testudinis) 15g
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 20g
Zi He Chef (Placenta Hominis) 15g
SanQi (Radix Notoginseng) 6g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 40g
Lu Jiao Jiao (Gelatinum Cornu Cervi) 15g
INTEGRATION OF CHINESE MEDICINE
IN TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR THE
MANAGEMENT OF STOMACH CANCER
Surgery and postoperative period
INTERNAL TREATMENT
Treatment of the side-effects of surgery with Chi-
nese materia medica should focus on regulating the
Spleen and Stomach . There are two main patterns
treated by herbal medicine :

LIVER-STOMACH DISHARMONY
scorch-
Treatment principle
Dredge the Liver, fortify the Spleen and harmonize
the Stomach as the main principle, assisted by re-
lieving Toxicity and dispelling pathogenic factors .
Commonly used materia medica
Cu Chao Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri, stir-fried with
vinegar)
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
Jiao Bai Zbu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,
scorch-fried)
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae)
Sha Ben (Fructus Amomi)
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)
Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi)
Qing Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Depurata)
Jiao Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi,
scorch-fried)
Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis)
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae)
15g Ji Nei Jint (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli)
Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried)
Jiao ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried)
Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
scorch-fried)
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae)
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae)
1ICINE
R THE QI AND YIN DEFICIENCY
1CER Treatment principle
Supplement Qi and nourish Yin as the main princi-
ple, assisted by relieving Toxicity and dispelling
eriod pathogenic factors .
Commonly used materia medica
Tith Chi- Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu Adenoph&ae)
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae)
tting the
patterns Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis)
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici)
Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii)
STOMACH CANCER 489
• Zhu (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
• Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
Jiao ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried)
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)
• Shou (Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis)
Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi)
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae)
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae)
General modifications
1 . For profuse spontaneous sweating due to Defi-
ciency, add Fu Xiao Mai (Fructus Tritici Aestivi
Levis), Wlu Wlei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) and
Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) .
2 . For severe abdominal distension, add Lai Fu Zi
(Semen Raphani Sativi), Da Fu Pi (Pericarpium
Arecae Catechu) and Zhi Ke (Fructus Cirri
Aurantii) .
3. For dry stool, add Huo Ma Ben (Semen Canna-
bis Sativae), Gua Lou Ben (Semen Trichosanthis)
and Fan Xie Ye (Folium Sennae) .
4. For loose stools, add Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dio-
scoreae Oppositae), Rou Dou Kou (Semen Myris-
ticae Fragrantis) and Chi Shi ZM (Halloysitum
Rubrum) .
ACUPUNCTURE
STOMACH PAIN
Surgery damages Qi and Blood to cause Deficiency
and weakness of the Spleen and Stomach resulting
in Deficiency-Cold in the Middle Burner and lead-
ing to stomach pain . Gradual consumption of Qi
and Blood in an enduring illness has the same result .
Treatment principle
Supplement and boost the Spleen and Stomach,
warm the Middle Burner and dissipate Cold .
Points : BL-21 Weishu, BL-20 Pishu, ST-36 Zusanli,
CV 12 Zhongwan, and LR-13 Zhangmen . For a
burning sensation inside the stomach, add KI-3 Taixi .
Technique: Apply the reinforcing method and re-
tain the needles for 20-30 minutes .

490 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Explanation
• Needling BL-21 Weishu, BL-20 Pishu, CV 12
Zhongwan and LR-13 Zhangmen, the back-shu
and front-mu points related to the Spleen and
Stomach, and following with moxibustion
warms the Middle Burner and dissipates. Cold,
and supplements and boosts the Spleen and
Stomach .
Applying the reinforcing method at ST-36
Zusanli and following with moxibustion forti-
fies the Spleen and boosts the Stomach .
• ICI-3 Taixi, the yuan (source) point of the Kid-
ney channel, enriches Kidney Yin to bear
Deficiency-Fire downward inside the stomach,
thus alleviating pain .
DISTENSION AND FULLNESS IN THE
STOMACH
Deficiency and weakness of the Spleen and Stom-
ach after surgery impairs the transportation and
transformation function and obstructs the distribu-
tion of water and Body Fluids, which collect in the
Middle Burner rather than being disseminated
throughout the body .
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen, harmonize the Middle Burner
and benefit the movement of water .
Points : BL-20 Pishu, BL-21 Weishu, LR-13
Zhangmen,- CV 12 Zhongwan, and SP-9 Yinling-
quan .
Technique: Apply the reducing method first, then
the reinforcing method . Retain the needles for
20-30 minutes . Follow by warm-needling moxibus-
tion ; alternatively, after withdrawing the needles,
burn 3-5 moxa cones on slices of ginger .
Explanation
• BL-20 Pishu, LR-13 Zhangmen and SP-9
Yinlingquan fortify the Spleen and benefit the
movement of Dampness, and support the
Middle Burner to transform Damp-turbidity.
BL-21 Weishu and CV12 Zhongwan, the
back-shu and front-mu points related to the
Stomach, warm the Middle Burner and dissipate
Cold, rouse Yang in the Middle Burner and dry
Spleen-Damp.
• Application of the reducing method expels
Cold, followed by use of the reinforcing
method to rouse the Middle Burner. In combi-
nation with moxibustion, this results in dissi-
pating while warming and moving while
supplementing.
For a detailed discussion of the acupuncture treat-
ment of nausea and vomiting according to pat-
tern identification, please refer to Chapter 4 .
EAR ACUPUNCTURE
STOMACH PAIN
Points : Spleen, Stomach, Shenmen, and Subcortex .
Technique : Attach Fang Bu Liu Xing (Semen Vac-
cariae Segetalis) seeds at the points with adhesive
tape. Tell the patient to press each seed for one min-
ute ten times a day. Change the seeds every, three
days, using alternate ears .
DISTENSION AND FULLNESS IN THE
STOMACH
Points : Spleen, Lung, Sympathetic Nerve, Endo-
crine, and Subcortex .
Technique : As above
Radiotherapy
Gastric adenocarcinoma generally has very low sen-
sitivity to radiotherapy, although it can be used to
treat symptoms before or after surgery and as pallia-
tive treatment . Radiotherapy causes internal exu-
berance of Heat Toxins, damage to Body Fluids,
disharmony of Qi and Blood, Spleen-Stomach
disharmony, and depletion of and damage to the
Liver and Kidneys . The treatment principles of
clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity, generating
Body Fluids and moistening Dryness, cooling and

l dissipate supplementing Qi and Blood, fortifying the Spleen
r and dry and harmonizing the Stomach, and enriching and
supplementing the Liver and Kidneys should be ap-
~d expels plied (see the sections in this chapter on esophageal
:inforcing and lung cancers, pages 430-1 and 460) .
n combi- Radiotherapy in the treatment of stomach cancer
in dissi- often causes side-effects such as reduced appetite,
ig while nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, ab-
dominal distension, a reduced white blood cell
count, dry mouth and tongue, fever, and jaundice .
ure treat- The treatment of these symptoms is discussed in
g to pat- more detail in Chapters 3, 4 and 5 .
1.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is often given when tumors are not
operable. A combination of chemotherapy and
radiotherapy can help to relieve symptoms after sur-
ibcortex . gery. TCM materia medica are often used with
nen Vac- chemotherapy in China as part of an integrated
adhesive treatment strategy for stomach cancer, either during
one min- the period of chemotherapy or in the interval
ery, three between chemotherapy courses .
TREATMENT ACCORDING TO THE MAIN
CHE SYMPTOMS
In most instances, symptoms will occur one to
two weeks after starting chemotherapy . The main
e, Endo-
symptoms in the digestive tract include fullness
and distension in the stomach, reduced appetite,
nausea and retching, abdominal distension, or
diarrhea . Systemic symptoms include fatigue, lack
of strength in the limbs, emotional lassitude,
feeling flustered, shortness of breath, insomnia,
and sweating due to Deficiency . Bone marrow
low sen-
used to suppression is another frequent outcome, mani-
festing as low WBC and platelet count and ane-
as pallia-
mia (pancytopenia) .
nal exu-
y Fluids, Reduced appetite
Stomach For Spleen and Stomach Deficien -Cold with
;e to the fullness and distension in the stomach and a desire for
:iples of hot drinks, prescribe Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang (Auck-
:nerating landia and Amomum Six Gentlemen Decoction) .
)ling and • For fullness and distension in the stomach and
migratory pain in the chest and hypochondrium
STOMACH CANCER 491
with a desire for cold drinks, prescribe Xiao Yao San
(Free Wanderer Powder) .
Further details of the treatment of reduced appetite
as a side-effect of chemotherapy can be found in
Chapter 4.
Nausea and vomiting
• Vomiting of sour or bitter liquids is generally a
Stomach-Heat pattern and treatment with Ju Pi Zhu
Ru Tang (Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Shavings
Decoction) is recommended .
• Vomiting of clear or cold liquids is usually a
Stomach-Cold pattern and is best treated with Ding
Xiang Shi Di San (Clove and Persimmon Calyx
Powder).
Further details of the treatment of nausea and
vomiting as a side-effect of chemotherapy can be
found in Chapter 4 .
Diarrhea
Diarrhea as a side-effect of chemotherapy for
stomach cancer is generally a Spleen Deficiency
pattern and is treated with Shen Zing Bai Zhu San
(Ginseng, Poria and White Atractylodes Powder) .
Weak constitution
• For depletion of both Qi and Blood with
prevalence of Heat, treat by cooling and supple-
menting Qi and Blood . Commonly used materia
medica include :
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
Xi Yang Shen* (Radix Panacis Quinquefolii)
Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu Adenophorae)
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae)
• For depletion of both Qi and Blood with
prevalence of Cold, treat by warming and supple-
menting Qi and Blood . Commonly used materia
medica include:
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae
Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita)

492 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
E Jiao (Gelatinum Corii Asini)
HuangJing (Rhizoma Polygonati)
Zi He Chef (Placenta Hominis)
Long Tan Rou (Arillus Euphoriae Longanae)
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae)
Bone marrow suppression
As well as supplementing Qi and nourishing the
Blood, the Liver and Kidneys should also be en-
riched and supplemented . Commonly used materia
medics include :
Gou Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii)
Nii Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi)
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae)
He Shou Wu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori)
Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis)
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis)
Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae)
Further details of the treatment of bone marrow
suppression as a side-effect of chemotherapy can
be found in Chapter 4 .
TREATMENT ACCORDING TO PATTERN
IDENTIFICATION
LIVER-SPLEEN DISHARMONY
Main symptoms and signs
A bitter taste in the mouth, dry throat, distension
and pain in the hypochondrium, fullness and disten-
sion in the stomach, and poor appetite with occa-
sional acid regurgitation and belching. The tongue
body is red with a yellow or yellow and greasy coat-
ing; the pulse is wiry and thready, or wiry and slip-
pery.
Treatment principle
Regulate the Liver and harmonize the Spleen .
Prescription
XIAO YAO SAN JIA JIAN a
Free Wanderer Powder, with modifications
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 1 Og
Cu Chao Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri, stir-fried with
vinegar) 10g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 1 Og
Fu Ling (Sderotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g
Ji NeiJint (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galh) 10g
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 10g
Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae) 10g
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 9g
SPLEEN-STOMACH DISHARMONY
Main symptoms and signs
Mental and physical fatigue, fullness and distension
in the stomach and abdomen, reduced appetite, or
retching, nausea, vomiting, and loose stools . The
tongue body is red with a thin and white, white and
greasy; or gray and greasy coating; the pulse is deep
and thready, or thready and slippery.
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and harmonize the Stomach .
Prescription
SHEN LING BAI ZHU SAN JIA JIAN
Ginseng, Poria and White Atractylodes Powder,
with modifications
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 1 Og
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 10g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae) 6g
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 1 Og
,Qing Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Depurata)
15g
Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 30g
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 9g
Ji NeiJinA (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli) 15g
Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried) 30g
Jiao ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) 30g
Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
scorch-fried) 30g
HEART AND SPLEEN DEFICIENCY
Main symptoms and signs
Feeling flustered, shortness of breath, generalized
lack of strength, insomnia, profuse dreaming, poor
appetite or nausea, and loose stools. The tongue

body is pale with a thin and white or slightly yellow
coating ; the pulse is deep, thready and forceless.
Treatment principle
Supplement the Heart and augment the Spleen .
Prescription
GUI PI TANG JIA JIAN
Spleen-Returning Decoction
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Piiosulae) 30g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
iistension Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
)petite, or HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 20g
Dols. The Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
white and Yuan Zhi (Radix Polygalae) 6g
se is deep Mu Xiang' (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 6g
Suan Zao Ren (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae) I Og
Long Yan Rou (Arillus Euphoriae Longanae) 10g
iach . Shi Chang Pu (Rhizoma Acori Graminei) 1 Og
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 1 Og
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 9g
J chemotherapy in China as part of an integrated
Powder, SPLEEN AND KIDNEY DEFICIENCY
Main symptoms and signs
09 Dizziness, tinnitus, insomnia, profuse dreaming,
alae) 10g pain in the back and lower back, abdominal disten-
sion, poor appetite, puffy swelling, loose stools, and
lower-than-normal peripheral blood values . The
tongue body is red or pale red with a white or thin
)epurata) and yellow coating; the pulse is thready or thready
and rapid.
ig
30g Treatment principle
Supplement the Kidneys and augment the Spleen.
Prescription
SI JUN ZI TANG HE LIU WEI DI HUANG
TANG JIA JL N
Four Gentlemen Decoction Combined With Six-
Ingredient Rehmannia Decoction, with modifica-
tions
Y fresh meat, eggs, vegetables and fruit .
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g*
:ners lined
ing, poor Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 1 Og
Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) 15g
e tongue
STOMACH CANCER 493
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 30g
NR Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
Gou Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii) I Og
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 10g
Ji Nei Jinx (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae
Galli) 10g
Treatment notes
Radical surgery is the only method for removing
gastric carcinoma and is mainly used for stage I and
II cancers. In China, treatment before surgery with
materia medica for relieving Toxicity and dispelling
pathogenic factors and after surgery with materia
medica for augmenting Qi, nourishing Yin and
regulating the Spleen and Stomach are often inte-
grated into the overall strategy to control the
development of the cancer, improve the symptoms
and prolong the survival period .
TCM materia medica are often used with
treatment strategy for stomach cancer, either during
the period of chemotherapy or in the interval
between chemotherapy courses . When applied
during chemotherapy, materia medica are used to
assist the treatment, mainly by supporting Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi) and ameliorating the toxic side-effects
of the chemotherapy. In between courses, the
treatment principle focuses on supporting Vital Qi
and dispelling pathogenic factors to consolidate the
effects of the treatment
Other therapies
DIET THERAPY
• Patients should be advised to take food with
high nutritional value such as Bai He Zhou (Lily Bulb
Congee) and Da Mai Zhou (Barley Congee) with
• For nausea and vomiting due to prevalence of
Stomach-Cold, cook a portion of pig's intestines
with Chinese prickly ash (Hua Jiao, Pericarpium
Zanthoxyli) 30g and peanuts 10g until all the

494 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
ingredients are very tender ; add salt to taste . Eat 30g
each day.
For nausea and vomiting due to prevalence of
Stomach-Heat, mash peanuts 50g and fresh lotus
root 50g, add fresh milk 200m1 and honey 30m1,
and cook until very tender. Drink 30-50m1 every
evening.
• Patients with a reduced appetite should be
recommended to eat more fresh vegetables and
fruit such as carrot, chestnut, white radish (mooli),
tomato, lotus root, pear, orange, lemon, black plum,
or hawthorn fruit as well as other food with high
nutritional value such as San Xian Ji Zhi Tang
(Chicken Broth with Three Delicacies) .
• Patients with accompanying symptoms of jaun-
dice and ascites should add water melon and
Chinese yam (Shan Yao, Rhizoma Dioscoreae Op-
positae) to their diet .
• Patients with stomach cancer should avoid al-
cohol, chilli, cold food, and hard and crunchy food
such as potato crisps or very dry toast, and should
not eat too much at one time so as not to overfill
the stomach .
,QIGONG THERAPY
Patients can be encouraged to practice Qigong, par-
ticularly inner-nourishing Qigong (see Chapter 6),
and Taijiquan.
Clinical experience and case
histories
ZHANG DAIZHAO
Case histories
Case 1
A man aged 40, suffering from distension and epigastric
pain, especially noticeable after meals, and belching,
attended hospital in May 1984 for a gastroscopy, which
revealed a tumor mass in the lesser curvature of the
stomach. Biopsy examination led to diagnosis as signet
cell carcinoma (adenocarcinoma with intracellular mucin
globules) . B-ultrasound examination indicated a mass
occupying the right lobe of the liver ; the clinical diagnosis
was stomach cancer with hepatic metastases . The patient
initially refused an operation.
In September, although the situation had not changed
greatly, and the patient's general constitution was rela-
tively good apart from the tumor, he consented to sur-
gery . Subtotal gastrectomy was performed . Examination
of the surgical specimen resulted in a diagnosis of poorly
differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma, part of which was
signet cell carcinoma . Lymph node involvement ex-
tended to one-fifth of the greater curvature and all of the
lesser curvature .
In December, the patient started his first course of
chemotherapy, consisting of mitomycin (MMC) 4mg
once a week, 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) 100mg twice a week,
and vincristine (VCR) 1mg once a week for six weeks .
B-ultrasound examination indicated a lesion in the liver,
5 .7 x 3 .3 cm, very probably metastatic gastric carcinoma.
In February 1985, the patient experienced pain in the
area of the liver and was admitted to the clinic, where he
was treated primarily by TCM .
Pattern identification
Liver Depression, Qi stagnation and Blood stasis .
Treatment principle
Soothe the Liver and regulate Qi, invigorate the Blood
and transform Blood stasis, relieve Toxicity and dissipate
lumps.
Prescription ingredients
• Cbai Hu (Radix Bupleuri, processed with vinegar) 9g
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 9g
Bai Sbao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 20g
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 6g
• Jin (Radix Curcumae) 9g
Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) 15g
Ba Yue Zha (Fructus Akebiae) 15g
Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) 15g
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried) 20g
Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
scorch-fried) 20g
Jiao SbenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) 20g
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction, taken
twice a day. The symptoms gradually improved after tak-
ing the decoction for three months . During the TCM
treatment, no chemotherapy or radiotherapy was given .

diagnosis CT examination indicated regular calcification in the
he patient mixed density region of the right lobe of the liver with a
diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma . B-ultrasound exami-
t changed nation revealed a tumor 4 .9 x 5 .3 x 4.5 cm . Two further
was rela- courses of chemotherapy with intravenous infusion of
°d to sur- 500mg/m2 of 5-Fu on the first, eighth, 29th and 36th
amination days, intravenous injection of 10mg/m 2 of MMC on the
of poorly first day, and intravenous injection of 30mg/m2 of ADM
on the first and 29th days took place in May and Sep-
vhich was
tember 1985, followed by a fourth course in May 1986 .
ment ex-
Re-examination by B-ultrasound showed that there
all of the
was an irregular mass in the liver, 5 .8 x 5 .1 x 3 .3 cm . A
further B-ultrasound examination in November 1988
course of produced a strong echo from an irregular mass of 6 .5 x
vIC) 4mg
5 .1 x 7 .1 cm ; the tumor was larger than before . However,
e a week, the patient had no apparent discomfort, and continued
:ix weeks . with the same TCM prescription as before, alternating
the liver, with Jia Wei Xi Huang Wan (Augmented Western Bovine
arcinoma. Bezoar Pill) two pills, three times a day . In a follow-up
in in the visit in April 1990, the patient's general condition was
where he good and he was leading a normal life .
Commentary
There is a wide variety of chemotherapy methods used in
s. the treatment of stomach cancer . However, in Dr.
Zhang's hospital, they do not use large doses of mito-
mycin, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine and Adriamycini' for
he Blood robust patients, preferring moderate or low doses com-
dissipate bined with TCM treatment .
TCM materia medica frequently prescribed include
powdered Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) 2g and powdered
San Qi (Radix Notoginseng) 3g once a day. In addition,
the patient is advised to eat chicken cooked with San Qi
:gar) 9g
(Radix Notoginseng) once a week to supplement Qi and
Blood and enhance the immune system. In this case, Jia
Wei Xi Huang Wan (Augmented Western Bovine Bezoar
Pill) was also given to invigorate the Blood, transform
Blood stasis, soften hardness and dissipate lumps .
After surviving for more than five years after the initial
diagnosis, the medication was terminated and treatment
shifted to psychotherapy and diet therapy . The patient
has survived for more than 10 years since then . This was
a liver metastasis of gastric carcinoma, treated with an in-
tegrated regimen . Although the liver tumor continued to
rminatus,
grow slowly, the patient was able to maintain a good
quality of life . 4,
g
3n, taken Case 2
after tak- A man of 38 had a 15-year history of gastric disorders .
he TCM Regular, severe epigastric pain, accompanied by emaciation
given . and black stool resulted in the decision to undertake a
STOMACH CANCER 495
subtotal gastrectomy. Post-operative pathological examina-
tion showed an ulcerative mucinous adenocarcinoma at
the lesser curvature with metastasis to two-fifths of the
lymph nodes of the greater omentum . After the operation,
the patient's general poor health, poor appetite, lack of
strength, decrease in body weight (a loss of 11kg) and
leukopenia (<2.9x109 /L) prevented him receiving che-
motherapy .
When he was referred to the TCM clinic, symptoms
and sign included shortness of breath, feeling flustered,
poor appetite, lack of strength, a bitter taste in the mouth,
dry throat, insomnia, profuse dreaming, emaciation, and a
sallow yellow facial complexion . The tongue body was
pale red with a thin, yellow coating ; the pulse was deep
and thready.
Pattern identification
Insufficiency of Qi and Blood due to Spleen and Stom-
ach Deficiency.
Treatment principle
Supplement Qi and Blood, fortify the Spleen and sup-
plement the Stomach, relieve Toxicity and clear Heat .
Prescription ingredients
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 40g
Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati) 20g
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 20g
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g
Nu Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Tn Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 15g
San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 3g, infused in
the prepared decoction
E Jiaot (Gelatinum Corii Asini) 12g, melted in the pre-
pared decoction
Ban Zhi Iian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 30g
After treatment for one week, food intake had increased
and the patient could sleep well; after two weeks, the
WBC count had increased to 4.6x109 /L, and he had
gained 2kg in body weight. The patient then began to
undergo post-operative chemotherapy combined with
TCM treatment .
He took three courses of chemotherapy with
5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) and mitomycin (MMC) . During
these courses, the TCM treatment principle was based on
supplementing Qi and Blood, fortifying the Spleen and
harmonizing the Stomach to bear counterflow downward,
and enriching and supplementing the Liver and Kidneys .
496 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Prescription ingredients (modified in accordance
with symptoms)
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 40g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 20g
Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati) 20g
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 20g
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 1 Og
E Jiaot (Gelatinum Corn Asini) 15g, melted in the pre-
pared decoction
Chao Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, stir-fried) 9g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 15g
Xuan Fu Hua (Flos Inulae) 9g, wrapped
Ding Xiang (Flos Caryophylli) 6g
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 9g
Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried) 15g
Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
scorch-fried) 15g
Jiao ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) 15g
Nii Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
Han Lian Cao (Herba Ecliptae Prostratae) 30g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
The patient was then able to complete the chemotherapy
courses and peripheral blood values were generally main-
tained within the normal range . There was no weight loss
and adverse side-effects were very mild .
Commentary
The patient's Spleen and Stomach function was impaired
due to surgery causing Spleen and Stomach Deficiency
leading to insufficiency of Qi and Blood . Appetite was
poor, and residual Toxins had not been completely
eliminated . The initial treatment therefore concen-
trated on supplementing Qi and nourishing the Blood,
fortifying the Spleen and harmonizing the Stomach,
supported by relieving Toxicity . During chemotherapy,
treatment focused on supplementing Qi and Blood,
fortifying the Spleen and harmonizing the Stomach to
bear counterfow downward, and enriching and sup-
plementing the Liver and Kidneys ; this principle en-
abled chemotherapy to be completed acrd adverse
side-effects reduced .
SUN GUIZHI
Clinical experience
In Dr. Sun's opinion, stomach cancer in TCM falls
into the categories of diseases related to fan wei
(stomach reflux),' wei wan tong (stomach and epigas-
tric pain), or 7,beng ji (masses and accumulations) .
She supports Zhu Danxi's theory that there are four
main causes of fan wei - Blood Deficiency, Qi Defi-
ciency, Heat, and Phlegm - and Zhang Jingyue's
contention that "all serious internal injuries that
damage Stomach Qi cause Heat."
She argues that the occurrence and metastasis of
stomach cancer is due to Deficiency of Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi) . Deficiency leads to accumulations, and
accumulations will be intensified when there is De-
ficiency. The basic pathology is Qi stagnation,
Blood stasis and Phlegm congealing . When formu-
lating a prescription, she stresses that materia
medica with special effectiveness should be used in
combination with materia medica selected accord-
ing to the pattern identified . Based on her extensive
clinical experience, Dr. Sun prefers Yi Gong San
(Special Achievement Powder) and Dang Gui Bu Xue
Tang Jia Wei (Chinese Angelica Root Decoction for
Supplementing the Blood, with additions), with
which she has obtained very satisfactory results in
treating stomach cancer.
Prescription ingredients
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 12g
Chao Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,
stir-fried) 10g
Fu hng (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 1 Og
Chao Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae,
stir-fried) 10g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 10g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 10g
Xue Yu Tan4 (Crinis Carbonisatus Hominis) 1 Og
Bai Zhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae) 1 Og
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 15g
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Dif-
fusae) 15g
Feng Fangt (Nidus Vespae) 6g

She particularly stresses the importance in the for-
mula of Xue Yu Tan$ (Crinis Carbonisatus Hominis),
Bai Zhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae) and Feng Fangs
'CM falls (Nidus Vespae) to inhibit recurrence and metastasis
fan wei
of the cancer. 4
d epigas-
ulations) .
are four Modifications
Qi Defi- 1 . For Liver-Stomach disharmony, add Bai Shao
Jingyue's (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 10g, Chai Hu (Radix
Ties that Bupleuri) 10g, Fo Shou (Fructus Citri Sarcodac-
tylis) 10g, Xiang Yuan (Fructus Citri Medicae seu
stasis of Wilsonii) 10g, Ba Yue Zha (Fructus Akebiae) 10g,
Vital Qi Mei Hua (Flos Pruni Mume) 10g, and Chao Zhi
ions, and Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii, stir-fried) 10g .
re is De- 2 . For Stomach-Heat damaging Yin, add Mai Men
agnation, Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 20g, Shi
i formu- Hu* (Herba Dendrobii) 10g, Tian Hua Fen
materia (Radix Trichosanthis) log, Shi Gaot (Gypsum
used in Fibrosum) 20g, and Zbi Mu (Rhizoma Anemar-
accord- rhenae Asphodeloidis) 10g .
extensive 3. For congealing of Phlegm-Damp, add Fa Ban
;ong San Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata) 6g,
ii Bu Xue Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 10g, Zhi
ction for Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii) 10g, Shi
is), with Chang Pu (Rhizoma Acori Graminei) 10g, Huo
-esults in Xiang (Herba Agastaches seu Pogostemi) 10g,
Sha Ren (Fructus Amomi) 6g, Yi Yi Ren (Semen
Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g, and Bai Dou Kou
(Fructus Amomi Kravanh) 6g.
Zg 4. For Spleen and Stomach Deficiency-Cold, add
-ephalae, Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) log, Gan Jiang (Rhi-
zoma Zingiberis Officinalis) 3g, Gui Zhi
(Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae) log, Xiao Hui
iculatae, Xiang (Fructus Foeniculi Vulgaris) 6g, and Zhi
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) 6g.
5 . For depletion of Qi and Yin, increase the
10g amount of Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu He-
dysari) to 30g and add Rou Gui (Cortex Cinna-
5g momi Cassiae) 6g, Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae
its Dif- Lactiflorae) 15g, Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehman-
niae Glutinosae Conquita) 15g, ,Gou Qi Zi
(Fructus Lycii) 10g, Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligus-
tri Lucidi) 15g, Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Oppositae) 30g, Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni
Officinalis) log, and E Jiaol (Gelatinum Corii
Asini) log.
STOMACH CANCER 497
6 . For metastasis into the bones, add Tou Gu Cao
(Herba Speranskiae seu Impatientis) log, Lu
Xian Cao (Herba Pyrolae) log, Gu Sui Bu (Rhi-
zoma Drynariae) 20g, and Ji Xue Teng (Caulis
Spatholobi) 30g.
Commentary
Dr. Sun holds that stomach cancer belongs to the
pattern of Root Deficiency and Manifestation Ex-
cess. Qi stagnation, Blood stasis and Phlegm con-
gealing are the Manifestations and Spleen, Stomach
and Kidney Deficiency are the Root . When Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi) is Deficient, pathogenic factors will lin-
ger in the body and bind in the stomach, resulting in
fan wei, which she considers as synonymous with
stomach cancer . Treatment should therefore be
based on dispelling pathogenic factors with surgery
and chemotherapy and supporting Vital Qi with
Chinese materia medica .
Case history
A man of 59 had long-standing discomfort in the epigas-
trium with foul belching. More recently, he had lost
weight . He was admitted to hospital in September 1985
with acute abdominal pains . Radiological examination
revealed a tumor mass with an ulcerated surface and ele-
vated border at the gastric antrum and duodenal bulb .
Stomach cancer was suspected and an operation was
performed immediately . After surgery, the pathological
diagnosis was adenocarcinoma accompanied by periph-
eral lymph node metastasis and cancer cell infiltration at
the distal resection line . One month later, the patient was
referred to Dr. Sun's clinic .
On his first visit, the patient complained of poor appe-
tite, no desire for food, fullness and distension in the
stomach after meals, loss of weight, fatigue, spontaneous
sweating, and loose bowel movements three times a day .
The tongue body was pale red with tooth marks and a thin
white coating, the pulse was thready and slightly rapid .
Pattern identification
Spleen Qi Deficiency; at that time, Vital Qi (Zheng Qi)
was Deficient and the function of the Spleen and Stom-
ach was very poor .
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and augment Qi, assisted by inhibiting
cancer.
Prescription ingredients
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 12g
Chao Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,
stir-fried) log
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) I Og
Chao Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, stir-fried) 6g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 10g
Feng Fangt (Nidus Vespae) 6g
Xue Yu Tan* (Crinis Carbonisatus Hominis) 1 Og
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 15g
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 15g
Ji NeiDint (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli) 1Og
Chao Gu Ya (Fructus Setariae Italicae Germinatus,
stir-fried) 12g
Chao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
stir-fried) 12g
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction, taken
twice a day . The course lasted 10 days .
By the time of the second visit, the symptoms had im-
proved, appetite had increased and the patient felt
stronger. Bowel movements had been reduced to once or
twice a day, but the stools were still loose; in addition, the
patient was now suffering from aching and limpness in
the legs and cold and pain in the lower back and knees .
Prescription
REN GONG NIU HUANG SAN
Synthetic Bovine Bezoar Powder
Ken Gong Niu Huangl (Calculus Bovis Syntheticus) 15g
Shan Cha Hua (Flos Camelliae Japonicae) 20g
He Shou Wu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori) 30g
Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
Ji Nei Jitil (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli) 30g
Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) 30g
The ingredients were ground into a fine powder and
filled into capsules, two to be taken three times a day, 30
minutes after meals .
After another two weeks, the patient was recovering well
and was admitted into hospital for a five-weelIchemother-
apy course (mitomycin 4mg once a week, 5-fluorouracil
500mg twice a week and vincristine lmg once a week, all by
intravenous infusion), supported by materia medica for for-
tifving the Spleen and boosting the Kidneys .
Prescription ingredients
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 1Og
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lvcii) 15g
Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 15g
Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) lOg
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) I Og
Qing Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Tematae Depurata) l Og
Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried) 10g
Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
scorch-fried) lOg
Jiao ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) 10g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction, taken
twice a day. During the chemotherapy, peripheral blood
values and liver and renal function tests were all in the
normal range. After the chemotherapy, TCM treatment
was used to consolidate the effects .
Prescription
XIANG SHA LIU JUN ZI TANG JIA WEI
Aucklandia and Amomum Six Gentlemen Decoction,
with additions
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
NR Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
Bai Zhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae) I Og
Feng Fang1(Nidus Vespae) 6g
Xue Yu Tan* (Crinis Carbonisatus Hominis) 10g
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 15g
Ban Zhi Lian(Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 15g
Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried) IOg
Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinates,
scorch-fried) lOg
Jiao ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) 1Og
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction, taken
twice a day. The patient also continued to take Ren Gong
Niu Huang San (Synthetic Bovine Bezoar Powder) two
capsules three times a day, 30 minutes after meals .
In March 1986, July 1987 and May 1989, the patient was
given three further five-week courses of chemotherapy in
combination with a TCM prescription for Fortifying the
Spleen and boosting the Kidneys to consolidate the over-
all effect .
 STOMACH CANCER 499

Prescription ingredients Commentary

Dang Sben (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 1Og
log Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 20g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 15g
Huai Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) 15g
Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) I Og
arata) 1Og Zbu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 1Og
)g Qing Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Depurata) I Og
erminatus, Chen Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae) 6g
Jiao Shan Zba (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried) lOg
Og Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
scorch-fried) lOg
Jiao ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) lOg
don, taken Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
eral blood
In the last follow-up visit in October 1990, the patient
all in the
had no discomfort, and appetite, sleep, urination and
treatment
defecation were normal . B-ultrasonography and X-rays
of the abdominal region indicated no abnormality, and
his body weight had increased by 4kg . The patient then
took Fu Zheng Fang Ai Kou Fu Ye (Oral Liquid for Sup-
NEI porting Vital Qi and Preventing Cancer) and Jia Wei Xi
)ction, Huang Wan (Augmented Western Bovine Bezoar Pill),
both prepared in Guang'anmen Hospital, two prepara-
tions, three times a day . The patient has survived in
good health since then .
Generally speaking, the postoperative five-year survival
rate is less than 40% in patients with intermediate-stage
or late-stage stomach cancer and one-third of patients
will die of recurrence or metastasis within two years.
Combining TCM and Western medicine can raise the
five-year survival rate to about 50% . As far as I am aware,
there are no reports elsewhere of survival longer than five
years in cases with incomplete resection (cancer at the
distal resection line) .
However, Dr. Sun's experience shows that attack (by
operation and chemotherapy) in combination with sup-
porting Vital Qi (by TCM treatment) can produce an ef-
fect that is impossible by Western or TCM treatment
alone. Fortifying the Spleen and harmonizing the Stom-
ach strengthens their transportation and transformation
functions and provides a source for the generation and
transformation of Qi and Blood, and all the Zang-Fu or-
gans will be nourished .
Correct pattern identification, an appropriate combi-
nation of materia medica, and continuous and integrated
treatment work much better than one treatment method
only, particularly in the late stages of cancers of the diges-
tive tract, where fortifying the Spleen and supplementing
the Kidneys, assisted by inhibiting cancer (dispelling
pathogenic factors) can achieve a very satisfactory result .
In the last 10 years, four patients with cancer cell infiltra-
tion at the distal resection line have survived for more
than five years in Dr . Sun's clinic .

e) 15g

)g
rrminatus,

Og

ion, taken
Ren Gong
vder) two
ds .
atient was
therapy in
ifying the
the over-


Colorectal cancer (cancer of the large intestine and rectum) is one of the most com-
monly-seen malignant tumors and has significant geographical differences, with high mor-
bidity in North America, western and northern Europe, Australia and New Zealand ; it is
the second most common cause of cancer deaths in the UK . Prevalence may be related to
diet, which in these regions tends to be higher in fat content and refined carbohydrates and
lower in dietary fiber . The morbidity and mortality rates have shown an upward trend in
China in recent years .
In the West, the incidence of colorectal cancer starts to increase around the age of 40,
peaking at 60-65; peak age is a little earlier in China . Men are twice as likely to be affected
by this type of cancer as women . Cancer of the colon' accounts for 50-70 percent of colo-
rectal cancers (mainly cancers of the descending or signioid colon),' the remainder occur-
ring in the rectum ; relative percentages vary from country to country .
Apart from diet and age, the main risk factors are a family history of colorectal cancer
or inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease .

Clinical manifestations
• Colorectal cancer tends to grow slowly and there are generally no obvious symptoms at
the early stage.
• Cancer of the descending colon is usually characterized by alternating constipation and
frequent bowel movements with fresh blood or bloody mucus in the stool and abdominal'
pain .
• Cancers of the sigmoid intestine and the rectum are likely to manifest with fresh blood'
or bloody mucus in the stool or after defecation, a dragging sensation in the anus and
tenesmus .
Cancer of the ascending colon may only present with lack of strength, anemia, and
pain and hard masses in the abdomen .
• Intestinal obstruction occurs more frequently in cancer of the descending colon than
cancer of the ascending colon.
• Fever and emaciation are common accompanying symptoms .
As cancerous tumors in the colon grow, they invade the intestinal wall and local lymph
nodes before the cancer metastasizes to the liver .
Etiology and pathology
Damp-Heat, Fire Toxins and stagnation are the
Manifestations of the disease ; Spleen Deficiency,
Kidney depletion and insufficiency of Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi) are the Root .
External factors
External causes of colorectal cancer include Cold
settling outside the Intestines' and dietary irregulari-
ties such as over-intake of alcohol and rich food,
which damages the Spleen and Stomach . Failure of
the transportation and transformation function of
the Spleen generates Damp-Heat internally, result-
ing in Heat Toxins pouring downward to the Large
Intestine, binding in the Zang-Fu organs and set-
tling in the rectum to form tumors .
Internal factors
• Anxiety and depression result in binding De-
pression of Liver Qi, which overwhelms the
Spleen and invades the Stomach to cause Defi-
ciency and weakness of the Spleen and Stom-
ach.
• Congenital weakness of the Spleen and Stom-
ach also causes failure of their transportation
and transformation function, resulting in inter-
nal generation of Damp-turbidity which collects
in the Intestinal tract to bind with Damp-Heat
to form tumors .
Enduring diarrhea and dysentery, constitutional
Deficiency, overexertion, or insufficiency of the
Liver and Kidneys in the elderly all make it eas-
ier for external pathogenic factors to invade to
impair the upward-bearing and downward-
bearing functions of Qi and lead to obstruction
of the movement of Qi and Blood, finally
resulting in Damp Toxins stagnating in the In-
testinal tract to form tumors.
In Huang Di Nei Jing [The Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic], Qi Bo says : "Pathogenic Cold settles outside the
Intestines and fights with Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) . Qi therefore does not receive adequate nourishment and aggre-
gations (Pi) appear in the interior ; as pathogenic Qi increases, polyps are produced ."
Pattern identification and
treatment principles
INTERNAL ACCUMULATION OF
DAMP-HEAT
Main symptoms and signs
Cramping pains in the abdomen, diarrhea with
blood or mucus in the stool, tenesmus, a sensation
of burning heat in the anus, nausea, oppression in
the chest, dry mouth with a desire for drinks, or
fever. The tongue body is red with a yellow and
greasy coating; the pulse is slippery and rapid or
wiry and slippery.
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and benefit the movement of Dampness,
fortify the Spleen and regulate Qi.
Prescription
HUAI HUA DI YU TANG HE BAI TOU
WENG TANG JIA JIAN
Pagoda Tree Flower and Sanguisorba Root Decoc-
tion Combined With Pulsatilla Root Decoction,
with modifications
Huai Hua (Flos Sophorae Japonicae) 9g
Di Yu (Radix Sanguisorbae Officinalis) 9g
Bai jiang Cao (Herba Patriniae cum Radice) 30g
Ku Shen (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis) 9g
Ma Chi Xian (Herba Portulacae Oleraceae) 30g
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 9g
Bai Tou Weng (Radix Pulsatillae Chinensis) 15g
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 15g
Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) 20g
Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis) 9g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Offcinalis) 9g
Bai Ying (Herba Solani Lyrati) 20g
Tu Fu Zing (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae) l Og

Explanation
• Huai Hua (Flos Sophorae Japonicae), Xian He
Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae), Chi Shao
(Radix Paeoniae Rubra), and Di Yu (Radix San-
guisorbae Officinalis) cool Heat and stop
bleeding.
• Bai Jiang Cao (Herba Patriniae cum Radice) and
Bai Tou Weng (Radix Pulsatillae Chinensis) clear
Heat and relieve Toxicity, treat mucus in the
stool and stop diarrhea .
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri), Ku Shen (Radix
Sophorae Flavescentis) and Ma Chi Xian (Herba
Portulacae Oleraceae) dry Dampness and clear
Heat from the Lower Burner, and stop diarrhea .
Yi Yi Ben (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi), Hou Po
(Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis), Cang Zhu (Rhi-
zoma Atractylodis), and Bai Zhu (Rhizoma
Atractylodis Macrocephalae) dry Dampness,
fortify the Spleen and disperse accumulation .
• Bai Ying (Herba Solani Lyrati) and Tu Fu Ling
(Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae) dispel Dampness,
clear Heat and relieve Toxicity.
INTERNAL OBSTRUCTION OF TOXINS
Main symptoms and signs
Pain and lumps at a fixed location in the abdomen
with tenderness on pressure, diarrhea with purulent
purplish blood and mucus, tenesmus, foul-smelling
stools, prolapse of the rectum, or difficult defeca-
tion, irritability due to Heat, thirst, and a dull gray
facial complexion. The tongue body is dull purple
or has stasis marks ; the coating is thin and yellow
The pulse is rough, or thready and rapid .
Treatment principle
Transform Blood stasis, relieve Toxicity and regu-
late Qi .
Prescription
TAO HONG SI WU TANG HE SHI XIAO
SAN JIA JIAN
Peach Kernel and Safflower Four Agents Decoction
Combined With Sudden Smile Powder, with modi-
fications
Tao Ben (Semen Persicae) 9g
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) 9g
COLORECTAL CANCER 503
Dang Gui Wei (Extremitas Radicis Angelicae Sinen-
sis) 6g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 15g
Bai Jiang Cao (Herba Patriniae cum Radice) 30g
Jin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) 20g
Pu Huang (Pollen Typhae) 9g
Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Meliae Toosendan) 9g
Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) 12g
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 9g
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 9g
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 9g
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
Ma Chi Xian (Herba Portulacae Oleraceae) 30g
Bai Qu Cai (Herba Chelidonii) 15g
Er Cha (Pasta Acaciae seu Uncariae) 9g
Explanation
• Tao Ben (Semen Persicae), Hong Hua (Flos Car-
thami Tinctorii), Pu Huang (Pollen Typhae),
Dang Gui Wei (Extremitas Radicis Angelicae
Sinensis), Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra), and
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) break up Blood
stasis and alleviate pain .
• Bai Jiang Cao (Herba Patriniae cum Radice), Er
Cha (Pasta Acaciae seu Uncariae) and Ma Chi
Xian (Herba Portulacae Oleraceae) clear Heat
and relieve Toxicity, stop bleeding and stop di-
arrhea .
Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Meliae Toosendan), Yan
Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) and Mu
Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) regulate Qi
and alleviate pain .
• Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) and Jin Yin
Hua (Flos Lonicerae) dry Dampness and clear
Heat .
• Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) and
BaiQu Cai (Herba Chelidonii) clear Heat, relieve
Toxicity and have anti-cancer properties .
YANG DEFICIENCY OF THE SPLEEN
AND KIDNEYS
Main symptoms and signs
Distension and pain in the abdomen that likes
pressure and warmth, persistent early-morning
diarrhea, enduring dysenteric disorders or loose

stools with mucus, poor appetite, generalized cold
or cold limbs, shortness of breath, lack of strength,
limpness and aching in the lower back and knees,
and a sallow yellow lusterless facial complexion . The
tongue body is pale red or pale and enlarged with
teeth marks and a thin white coating ; the pulse is
deep and thready with a weak cubit (cba) pulse.
Treatment principle
Warm the Kidneys and fortify the Spleen, dispel
Dampness and dissipate Cold .
Prescription
SHEN LING BAI ZHU SAN HE SI SHEN
WAN JIA JIAN
Ginseng, Poria and White Atractylodes Powder
Combined With Four Spirits Pill, with modifications
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 20g or
Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) 6g
Fit Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
Sha Ken (Fructus Amomi) 3g, added 5 minutes be-
fore the end of the decoction process
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 30g
Rou Dou Kou (Semen Myristicae Fragrantis) 15g
Bu Gas Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) 9g
Wlu Zhu Yu (Fructus Evodiae Rutaecarpae) 6g
Wu Wlei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) 9g
Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis) 6g
Fu Pen Zi (Fructus Rubi Chingii) 10g
He Zi (Fructus Terminaliae Chebulae) 9g
Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis) 9g
Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Yin Yang Huo (Herba Epimedii) 15g
Chi Shi Zhi$ (Halloysitum Rubrum) 9g
Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) 3g
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 9g
Explanation
• Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae),
Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari), Ken
Shen (Radix Ginseng), Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dio-
scoreae Oppositae), and Da Zao (Fructus
Ziziphi Jujubae) supplement Qi and fortify the
Spleen.
• Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos), 17 Yi Ken
(Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi), Sha Ken (Fructus
Amomi), and Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis)
dry Dampness and regulate Qi to prevent stag-
nation .
• He Zi (Fructus Terminaliae Chebulae), Chi Shi
Zhit (Halloysitum Rubrum) and lFii ff ei Zi (Fru-
ctus Schisandrae) restrain leakage from the In-
testines by astringing and stop diarrhea .
• Bu Ga Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae) and
AFu Zhu Yu (Fructus Evodiae Rutaecarpae) sup-
plement the Kidneys, reinforce and warm Yang,
and stop diarrhea .
• Ron Don Kou (Semen Myristicae Fragrantis), Gait
Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis), Yin Yang
Huo (Herba Epimedii), and Fu Pen Zi (Fructus
Rubi Chingii) warm the Kidneys, enrich Spleen
Yang and dissipate cold .
• Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) uplifts Yang
Qi to stop diarrhea.
YIN DEFICIENCY OF THE LIVER AND
KIDNEYS
Main symptoms and signs
Dull pain in the abdomen, constipation, stools
sometimes containing pus and blood, a sensation
of heat in the chest, palms and soles, dizziness,
tinnitus, limpness and aching in the lower back
and legs, seminal emission, impotence, emaciation,
night sweating, a bitter taste in the mouth, dry
throat, insomnia, and profuse dreaming. The
tongue body is red or deep red with a scant coat-
ing, or is peeled ; the pulse is wire and thready, or
deep and thready.
Treatment principle
Enrich and supplement the Liver and Kidneys,
nourish Yin and clear Heat .
Prescription
ZHI BAI DI HUANG WAN JIA JIAN
Anemarrhena, Phellodendron and Rehmannia Pill,
with modifications
Zhi Maa (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) 9g
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 9g
Sheng Di Haaang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g

,n (Fructus Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
ractylodis) Conquita) 15g
;vent stag- GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Nu Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
_), Chi Shi Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
'ei Zi (Fru- Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) 15g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
'm the In-
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
a.
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 9g
=oliae) and
Chao Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis, stir-
rpae) sup-
arm Yang, fried) 9g
Gui Ban Jiao* (Gelatinum Plastri Testudinis) 15g
lVu i-Yei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) 9g
intis), Gan
Yin Yang Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 20g
Bai Jiang Cao (Herba Patriniae cum Radice) 30g
.i (Fructus
Suan Zao Ren (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae) 30g
ich Spleen
Mu Xiang' (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 6g
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 9g
lifts Yang Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
Explanation
2R AND • Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita), Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae
Glutinosae), Gui Ban Jiao* (Gelatinum Plastri
)n, stools Testudinis), Gou Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii), Nil Zhen
sensation Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi), Mai Men Dong
dizziness, (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici), and Shan Yao
)wer back (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) supplement
maciation, the Blood and enrich Yin .
outh, dry • Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis), Chao Zhi
sing. The Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis, stir-fried),
cant coat- Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Aspho-
hready, or deloidis), Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos),
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri), and Ze Xie
(Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) percolate
Dampness, clear Heat and cool the Blood .
Kidneys,
• Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis), Bai
Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae), IVu Wlei Zi
(Fructus Schisandrae), and Suan Zao Ren (Semen
Ziziphi Spinosae) constrain sweating, consoli-
annia Pill, date the Essence, and nourish the Liver, Heart
and Kidneys.
eloidis) 9g • Bai Jiang Cao (Herba Patriniae cum Radice) and
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) clear
~osae) 15g Heat, relieve Toxicity and have anti-cancer
properties.
COLORECTAL CANCER 505
• Mu Xiang' (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) regu-
lates Qi and alleviates pain .
DEPLETION OF QI AND BLOOD
Main symptoms and signs
Distension and fullness in the abdomen, occa-
sional loose stools or diarrhea with blood and
mucus in the stools, prolapse of the rectum,
emaciation, lack of strength, palpitations, short-
ness of breath, a dull white facial complexion,
poor appetite and reduced food intake, puffy
swelling of the limbs, and lusterless nails and lips.
The tongue body is pale with a thin white coating;
the pulse is deep, thready and forceless .
Treatment principle
Supplement Qi and nourish the Blood, support the
Spleen and boost the Kidneys .
Prescription
BA ZHEN TANG HE DANG GUI BU XUE
TANG JIA JIAN
Eight Treasure Decoction Combined With Chinese
Angelica Root Decoction for Supplementing the
Blood, with modifications
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyl-
lae) 30g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
• Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 9g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 15g
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 15g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) 15g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 20g
Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) 6g
Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati) 20g
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g
San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 6g, infused
in the prepared decoction
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
• Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 15g
Zi He CM (Placenta Hominis) 15g
• Jiaol (Gelatinum Corii Asini) 9g, melted in the
prepared decoction
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 9g

506 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) 6g
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) 15g
Explanation
• Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyl-
lae), Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati) and Da
Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae) augment Qi, for-
tify the Spleen and generate Body Fluids .
• Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri), Bai Zhu (Rhi-
zoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) and Fu Ling
(Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) dry Dampness, clear
Heat and fortify the Spleen.
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Bai Shao
(Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae), Chi Shao (Radix
Paeoniae Rubra), Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi),
San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng), Dan
Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae), Shu Di Huang
(Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita), Gou
Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii), and E Jiaot (Gelatinum
Corii Asini) nourish, supplement and invigorate
the Blood .
• Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) and
Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) bear Spleen
Yang upward and supplement Qi .
• Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae), Rou Gui (Cortex
Cinnamomi Cassiae) and Zi He Chet (Placenta
Hominis) consolidate the Essence and supple-
ment Yang.
INTEGRATION OF CHINESE MEDICINE IN
TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR THE
MANAGEMENT OF COLORECTAL CANCER
Surgery and postoperative period
EXTERNAL TREATMENT
Radical surgery (surgical removal of a large section
of the intestine and associated lymph nodes) is the
main treatment for colorectal cancer. Integration
before surgery of internal treatment with materia
medica for supplementing and regulating Qi, nour-
ishing the Blood, fortifying the Spleen, harmonizing
the Stomach, and moistening the Intestines will re-
duce the patient's suffering during and after the op-
eration .
After the operation, integration of TCM treat-
ment with materia medica for fortifying the Spleen
and harmonizing the Stomach, augmenting Qi and
supplementing the Blood, and clearing Heat and
relieving Toxicity helps the patient to recover . Fur-
ther details are given in Chapter 3 .
In addition, prolapse of the rectum and profuse
secretion of mucus can be treated by external
steaming and washing.
Steam-wash ingredients
She Chuang Zi (Fructus Cnidii Monnieri) 30g
Ku Shen (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis) 30g
Bo He (Herba Menthae Haplocalycis) lOg
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 1 Og
Place the first three ingredients in 1000ml of cold
water and boil for 20 minutes ; add Da Huang (Radix
et Rhizoma Rhei) 2 minutes before the end . Mix Ru
Xiang (Gummi Olibanum) lOg and Mang Xiaol
(Mirabilitum) lOg thoroughly into the decoction .
Steam the anal region first, then soak it for 20-30
minutes once the decoction has cooled to a bearable
temperature . Prepare and treat once a day.
ACUPUNCTURE
Acupuncture can be used postoperatively to treat
blood in the stool, abdominal pain and prolapse of
the rectum .
PROLAPSE OF THE RECTUM
Prolapse of the rectum is due to clear Yang not
being borne upwards as a result of Spleen Qi
Deficiency.
Treatment principle
Supplement the Middle Burner and augment Qi .
Points: GV 20 Baihui, CV-4 Guanyuan, CV-6 Qihai,
BL-20 Pishu, and GV 1 Changqiang .
Technique : Apply the reinforcing method at
GV 20 Baihui, BL-20 Pishu and GV 1 Changqiang
and retain the needles for 20-30 minutes . This can
be followed by moxibustion at BL-20 Pishu, CV4
Guanyuan and CV-6 Qihai .


COLORECTAL CANCER 507

M treat- Explanation Xiao Ji (Herba Cephalanoploris seu Cirsii) 9g

e Spleen • Using the reinforcing method and moxibustion Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) 30g
Qi and at BL-20 Pishu fortifies the Spleen and aug- Hua Shit (Talcum) 20g
teat and ments Qi . Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 9g
ser. Fur- Moxibustion at CV-4 Guanyuan and CV-6 Qihai Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 20g
greatly supplements Original Qi (Yuan Qi) and Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
profuse bears Yang upward to stem prolapse . Dan Zhu Ye (Herba Lophatheri Gracilis) 6g
• GV 20 Baihui, the hui (meeting) point of the
external
hundred vessels, supplements and uplifts Yang DAMP-HEAT IN THE LARGE INTESTINE
Qi.
• Local point GV 1 Changqiang assists GV 20 Baihui Indications : distension and pain in the lower
and CV-6 Qihai to supplement Qi and uplift the abdomen, constipation, or diarrhea more than 10
prolapsed rectum . times a day, possibly with pus and blood in the
For details of acupuncture treatment for blood in stool.
the stool and abdominal pain, please refer to Prescription
Chapter 5 .
GE GEN QIN LIAN TANG JIA JIAN
of cold Kudzu Vine, Scutellaria and Coptis Decoction, with
ig (Radix Radiotherapy modifications and
Mix Ru LIAN LI TANG JIA JIAN
ng Xiaot Coptis Regulating Decoction, with modifications
:coction. INTERNAL TREATMENT
:)r 20-30 Ge Gen (Radix Puerariae) 30g
Preoperative or postoperative radiotherapy for rec- Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 6g
bearable
tal cancer can significantly improve survival rates . Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 9g
TCM internal treatment can be used to treat the Ma Chi Xian (Herba Portulacae Oleraceae) 30g
following side-effects due to radiotherapy : Bai Tou Weng (Radix Pulsatillae Chinensis) 15g
Qin Pi (Cortex Fraxini) 9g
to treat DAMP-HEAT IN THE BLADDER POURING Da Fu Pi (Pericarpium Arecae Catechu) 15g
lapse of DOWNWARD Chao Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,
stir-fried) 9g
Indications: frequent and urgent desire to urinate Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
with burning and pain during urination, or blood in Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis) 9g
the urine, and a red tongue body with a white and
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
'ang not greasy or yellow and greasy coating. Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 30g
'leen Qi Prescription Lian Zi (Semen Nelumbinis Nuciferae) 20g
BA ZHENG SAN HE XIAO JI YIN ZI JIA Rou Dou Kou (Semen Myristicae Fragrantis) 15g
JIAN He Zi (Fructus Terminaliae Chebulae) 9g
it Qi. Eight Corrections Powder Combined With Field Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) 9g
Thistle Drink, with modifications
T
6 Qihai, Dry mouth and tongue and mouth ulcers are
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 20g, wrapped
discussed in detail in Chapter 4 .
CheQian Cao (Herba Plantaginis) 20g
thod at Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) 3g
inggiang Bian Xu (Herba Polygoni Avicularis) 9g Chemotherapy
This can Qu Mai (Herba Dianthi) 9g
iu, CV-4 Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae) 30g Colorectal cancer is not particularly sensitive to
Da Ji (Herba seu Radix Cirsii 1aponici) 9g chemotherapy, which is used as supplementary
508 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
treatment before and after surgery and also as a pal-
liative treatment for patients whose cancer is not
suitable for surgery or radiotherapy. Chemothera-
peutic agents used to treat colorectal cancer, notably
5-fluorouracil, cause such side-effects as reactions in
the gastrointestinal tract and bone marrow sup-
pression. For treatment of these conditions, please
refer to Chapter 4 .
More emphasis has been placed in recent years in
China on an overall approach to the treatment of
colorectal cancer and the five-year survival rate has
increased. Timely and thorough treatment of
chronic diseases that may appear as complications
of colorectal cancer such as anal fistulae, chronic
colitis and dysenteric disorders is also very impor-
tant. Close examination and follow-up of colonic
and rectal adenoma and polyps give an early indica-
tion of potential cancers, allowing preventive meas-
ures to be taken . Cancer is likely to develop in
patients with untreated polyps or a family history of
polyposis coli . Partial or complete colectomy should
be considered when carcinoma is identified in these
patients.
• After surgery, patients should eat food that is
high in nutritional value and easy to digest such Yan
Wo Bao Yu Chi (Edible Bird's Nest and Shark's Fin
Stew) or Chen Pi Niu Rou (Beef with Tangerine Peel) .
• Where the stools are loose, it is better to in-
crease the intake of flour-based foods such as
bread, to eat congees such as Fu Ling Yi Mi Zhou
(Poria and Coix Seed Congee), and to eat vegeta-
bles and fruit with a lower fiber content such as
pomegranate or black plum (Wu Mei, Fructus
Pruni Mume) .
• When the stools are dry, the diet should include
vegetables and fruit with a higher fiber content such
as sweet corn, walnuts, celery, bitter gourd, banana,
and kiwi fruit (Chinese gooseberry) .
• When undergoing chemotherapy or radiother-
apy, intake of fresh fruit and vegetables should be
increased ; chicken or pig's liver can also be added to
the diet .
• Patients with late-stage colon cancer can expand
the above diet to include Chinese yam (Shan Yao,
Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae), Yi Mi Zhou (Coix
Seed Congee), and sausages made from pig's or
cow's intestines.
QIGONG THERAPY
Patients can be encouraged to practice Qigong, par-
ticularly inner-nourishing Qigong (see Chapter 6) .
Clinical experience and case
histories
ZHANG MENGNONG
Clinical experience
Dr. Zhang bases his treatment of colorectal cancer
on the following materia medica :
Bed Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae)
Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae)
Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris)
Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae)
Modifications
1 . For tumors obstructing the intestinal tract, he
adds San Leng (Rhizoma Sparganii Stoloniferi),
Zhi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii),
Xuan Fu Hua (Flos Inulae), Xuan Ming Fen$
(Mirabilitum Depuratum), Li Zhi He (Semen
Litchi Chinensis), Hai Zao (Herba Sargassi),
and Kun Bu (Thallus Laminariae seu Eckloniae)
to transform Phlegm and flush out Retained
Fluids (yin), soften hardness and break up
binding, and dissipate Blood stasis and dis-
perse swelling.
2. Abdominal distension and a dragging sensation
in the anus are usually due to Qi stagnation ; he
therefore adds Xie Bai (Bulbus Allii Macrostemi),
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori), Zhi Ke

radiother- (Fructus Citri Aurantii), Wu Yao (Radix Linderae
should be Strychnifoliae), and Qing Pi (Pericarpium Cirri
e added to Reticulatae Viride) to open Depression, dissi-
pate binding, move Qi and guide out stagnation .
"Without water, the boat cannot move" and so
for dry, bound stools, he adds large doses of
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis), Xuan Shen
(Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis), Mai Men
Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici), Xing Ken
(Semen Pruni Armeniacae), Tao Ken (Semen
Persicae), Huo Ma Ken (Semen Cannabis Sativae),
Bai Zi Ken (Semen Biotae Orientalis), Yu Li Ken
(Semen Pruni), Song Zi Ken (Semen Pini), and Zi
Wan (Radix Asteris Tatarici) to increase Body
Fluids, moisten Dryness, lubricate the Intestines
and free the bowels .
For Qi and Blood Deficiency, which hampers
the transportation function, he adds Huang Qi
(Radix Astragali seu Hedysari), Dang Gui (Radix
Angelicae Sinensis), Yu Zhu (Rhizoma Polygo-
nati Odorati), Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu
Adenophorae), Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae),
He Shou Vu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori), Feng
MA (Mel), and Vu Jia Pi (Cortex Acantho-
panacis Gracilistyli Radicis) to enrich and sup-
plement Qi and Blood, boost Yin and harmo-
nize Yang.
For blood-streaked stools, he adds Sheng Di Huang
(Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae), Bai Shao (Radix
Paeoniae Lactiflorae), Di Yu (Radix Sanguisorbae
Officinalis), and Huai Jiao (Fructus Sophorae Ja-
ponicae) to stop bleeding and constrain Yin .
it tract, he Since cancer manifests as a Toxic swelling, fin Yin
toloniferi), Hua (Flos Lonicerae), Ye Ju Hua (Flos Chrysanthemi
Aurantii), Indici), Pu Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice),
Ming Fen$ Zi Hua Di Ding (Herba Violae Yedoensitis), and
le (Semen Tian Kui Zi (Tuber Semiaquilegiae) can be used to
Sargassi), disperse swelling and eliminate Toxicity.
Eckloniae) Once patients have free bowel movement and
t Retained their appetite has returned to normal, they often
break up forget or ignore dietary guidelines and eat food that
and dis- should be avoided . Under these circumstances, the
tongue coating will become yellow, greasy, turbid
sensation and thick, and patients will have a sweet taste in the
,nation; he mouth, or a dry mouth with a bitter taste . Pei Lan
.acrostemi), (Herba Eupatorii Fortunei), Shen Qu (Massa
ri), Zhi Ke Fermentata), Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi), Chao Gu
COLORECTAL CANCER 509
Ya (Fructus Setariae Italicae Germinatus, stir-fried)
or Chao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germina
tus, stir-fried), and Lai Fu Zi (Semen Raphani Sativi)
can be infused and taken as a tea to clear
Damp-Heat, transform foul turbidity and disperse
accumulated food and drink .
For a dragging sensation in the anus, distension
and pain during defecation, Ken Shen Wan (Ginseng
Pill) can be taken as a routine measure to reduce
dragging and distension and make bowel move-
ments freer.
Prescription ingredients
Tang Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng, immersed in syrup
before drying) 15g
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 30g
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 30g
Qiang Huo (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii) 15g
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 15g
Bing Lang* (Semen Arecae Catechu) 15g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 18g
Qing Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride) 15g
Zhi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Cirri Aurantii) 15g
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 15g
fin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) 50g
Pu Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice) 60g
Qian Niu Zi (Semen Pharbitidis) 60g
Zhe Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii) 15g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 30g
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori) 15g
The ingredients are stir-fried, ground into a fine
powder and mixed with honey to make pills 5mm in
diameter; 6g are taken with cold boiled water twice a
day on an empty stomach. Suspend the treatment
when the symptoms improve and resume when
they recur until the condition is finally cured .
ZHANG DAIZHAO
Case histories
Case 1
A man aged 49 began to suffer from constipation in 1982,
relieving the condition with laxatives . Symptoms
gradually developed over the next decade and included
 510 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
difficult defecation, a dragging sensation in the anus, te-
nesmus, stools becoming looser and sometimes mixed
with blood, and weight loss .
In November 1991, digital examination of the rectum
found an annular rectal stenosis 5cm from the anus, with
a biopsy diagnosis of cancer of the rectum . A radical
rectal operation (Miles' operation) was performed in
November 1991 . A firm, ulcerating tumor 5cm x 5cm
located 6cm from the anus was found, with infiltration to
surrounding areas .
Pathological tests indicated rectal adenocarcinoma that
had penetrated the muscular coat to the adventitia, with
50 percent lymph node metastasis . The cancer was classi-
fied as stage III (T2N2M0 according to the WHO system) .
After the operation, the patient's constitution was very
weak, and he suffered constant pain in the lower back,
with dizziness and lack of strength .
Pattern identification
Depletion of Qi and Blood, Phlegm clouding the clear
orifices .
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and nourish the Blood, transform Phlegm
and clear the orifices .
Prescription ingredients
Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g
Nan Sha Shen (Radix Adenophorae) 20g
Yu Zhu (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati) 12g
Shi Chang Pii (Rhizoma Aeon Graminei) 12g
Gou Teng (Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis) 9g
Oing Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Tematae Depurata) 9g
Ye Jiao Teng (Caulis Polygon Multiflori) 20g
Ji Nei Jin'+ (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli) 15g
Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi) 15g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 9g
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction, taken
twice a da . After seven days, the symptoms had im-
proved and' the patient started chemotherapy, consisting
of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) 500mg twice a week and mito-
mycin (MMC) 6mg once a week for three weeks .
The patient was also given radiotherapy over a period of five
weeks in February and March 1992 . The main side-effect of
the course was frequent, urgent and painful urination .
Pattern identification
Damp-Heat pouring downward .
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and benefit the movement of Dampness .
Prescription ingredients
Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae) 15g
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 9g
Zbi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 9g
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 9g
Sbeng Di H<rang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Zhu Ling (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati) 9g
Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu Adenophorae) 15g
JiNeiPint (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli) 12g
Cu Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri, processed with vinegar) 9g
Hua ShzI (Talcum) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glvcyrrhizae) 6g
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction, taken
twice a day for three months, with modifications accord-
ing to the patient's condition . The patient was also told to
drink plenty of water . The symptoms gradually improved .
The patient underwent two further courses of chemo-
therapy in June and July 1992 with 5-Fu 500mg twice a
week and MMC 6mg once a week . Another two
three-week courses were undertaken in October and
November 1992 with 5-Fu 500mg on the first to fifth
days of each week, accompanied by calcium folinate to
promote synergism, and MMC 8mg on the first day of
each week . The courses were repeated in June and July
1993, along with one course of lymphokine-activated kil-
ler (LAF cell therapy . Chemotherapy was repeated again
in March and April 1994 . TCM treatment was integrated
throughout the period covered by these courses .
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and nourish the Blood, fortify the Spleen
and harmonize the Stomach, and enrich and supplement
the Liver and Kidneys .
Prescription ingredients
Zhi Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysan, mix-fried
with honey) 30g
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi) 30g
Sheng Di Hraarzg (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 20g
Kfu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 9g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 9g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
Ji Nei J1A (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli) 12g
Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi) 15g
Gou Oi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g

Nu Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
oness. Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 20g
Modifcation: During the chemotherapy courses them-
selves, Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g,
Ban Bian Lian (Herba Lobeliae Chinensis cum Radice)
20g and Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae)
30g were added to clear Heat, relieve Toxicity and inhibit
cancer.
15g Integration of TCM enabled the patient to complete the
treatment Follow-up examination in May 1996 and March
1997 indicated that the patient's overall condition was
good, and he had been able to return to work full time .
Case 2
A woman of 70 suffered from abdominal pain, blood in
the stool, tenesmus, lack of strength and emaciation .
X-ray and colonoscopy examination resulted in a diagno-
sis of rectal adenocarcinoma A radical rectal operation
was performed in September 1973 . Pathological tests
:)f chemo- indicated a stage III rectal adenocarcinoma .
ng twice a
The patient commenced treatment with an integrated
Dther two
regime of Western and Chinese medicine in October
:tober and
1973 . At that time, symptoms and signs included a bright
rst to fifth
white facial complexion, emaciation, lack of strength, dry
folinate to
mouth, a desire for hot drinks, cold limbs, sweating, poor
first day of
appetite, occasional abdominal distension, loose stools, a
ie and July
pale red tongue body with a thin, white and greasy coat-
:tivated kil
ing, and a deep and thready pulse .
gated again
. integrated
Pattern identification
:s .
Depletion and damage of Qi and Blood, Damp accu-
mulation due to Spleen Deficiency .
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and nourish the Blood, fortify the Spleen
and dispel Dampness .
Prescription ingredients
Hong Shen (Radix Ginseng Rubra) 5g, decocted for at
least 60 minutes before adding the other ingredients
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Chao Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi,
stirfried) 30g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 9g
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 20g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 9g
COLORECTAL CANCER 511
Sha Ken (Fructus Amomi, with the shells broken) 5g
1Vu Yao (Radix Linderae Strychnifoliae) 15g
Rou Dou Kou (Semen Myristicae Fragrantis) 9g
• Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 9g
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction, taken
twice a day.
After two months, the patient's constitution was stronger
and her symptoms had improved. She then started che-
motherapy with the MFV (mitomycin, 5-fluorouracil,
vincristine) regime, undertaking six courses within two
years . Each course lasted four to six weeks and consisted
of 5-fluorouracil 500mg twice a week, mitomycin 4mg
once a week, and vincristine 1mg once a week. TCM
treatment was integrated throughout the chemotherapy
courses.
Treatment principle
Augment Qi and nourish the Blood, fortify the Spleen
and harmonize the Stomach, enrich and supplement the
Liver and Kidneys.
Prescription ingredients
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 20g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
E Jiaol (Gelatinum Corii Asini) 9g, melted in the prepared
decoction
Bai Zbu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
• Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae) 9g
• Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata) 15g
Ji Nei Jinl (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli) 9g
ShenQu (Massa Fermentata) 15g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 20g
• Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 15g
Modifications
1 For vomiting of clear water, Ding Xiang (Flos Caryo-
phylli) 5g and Shi Di (Calyx Diospyri Kaki) 9g were
added.
2 . For diarrhea, Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Op-
positae) 20g, Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi)
30g and Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 20g
were added .
TCM treatment helped the patient to complete the che-
motherapy courses . She then continued with a modified
prescription to consolidate the effects of the integrated
treatment
512 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Prescription ingredients
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 20g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
E Jiaot (Gelatinum Corii Asini) 9g, melted in the prepared
decoction
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)' 15g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 12g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 9g
Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
Bai Jiang Cao (Herba Patriniae cum Radice) 20g
Ji Nei JitA (Endothelium Comeum Gigeriae Galli) 15g
ShenQu (Massa Fermentata) 30g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 20g
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 15g
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
Modifications
1 . For abdominal pain, Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lacti-
florae) 15g and Wu Yao (Radix Linderae Strychnifo-
liae) 20g were added.
2 . For blood in the stool, Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimo-
niae Pilosae) 30g and Di Yu (Radix Sanguisorbae
Officinalis) 25g were added.
3. For diarrhea, Rou Dou Kou (Semen Myristicae
Fragrantis) 9g and Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae
Corylifoliae) 15g were added .
At the same time, the patient was asked to take Jia Wei Xi
Huang Wan (Augmented Western Bovine Bezoar Pill)
three or four pills, two or three times a day, alternating
with Fu Zheng Jie Du Chong Ji (Soluble Granules for Sup-
porting Vital Qi and Relieving Toxicity) 9g, two or three
times a day.
Physical examinations every six or twelve months over
the next 10 years revealed no recurrence or metastasis .
Commentary
The patient initially chose to have an operation to re-
move the cancer . At that time, Chinese medicine fo-
cused mainly on enriching and supplementing materia
medica to regulate the bodily functions and repair the
damage caused by depletion of Vital Qi (Zheng Qi)
and Deficiency of Qi and Blood resulting from the
operation and the patient's advanced age . Once Vital
Qi had been restored and the patient's overall-condi-
tion had improved, chemotherapy was started to dispel
and eliminate the cancer. Given the patient's age and
the insufficiency of Vital Qi, large doses of chemother-
apy drugs were not used in order to avoid serious
damage to Vital Qi.
During the chemotherapy courses, materia medica for
augmenting Qi and nourishing the Blood, fortifying the
Spleen and harmonizing the Stomach, and enriching and
supplementing the Liver and Kidneys reduced side-
effects and strengthened the immune system to help the
patient complete the treatment. Throughout the treat-
ment, Dr. Zhang stressed the importance of the principle
of warming and supplementing the body and dispelling
and eliminating Toxicity.


lternating
for Sup- Ovarian cancer
or three

nths over
istasis .

Dn to re-
ficine fo-
materia
epair the
heng Qi) Ovarian cancer is one of the three main types of cancer of the female reproductive system
From the in the USA, Western Europe and China ; mortality rates have tended to increase in China in
nce Vital recent years. Ovarian cancer is often only diagnosed at a very late stage, since symptoms do
dl condi- not normally appear until the cancer has spread beyond the ovaries. Currently, there is no
to dispel easily applicable early detection method as there is for cervical cancer . Regular gynecological
age and and ultrasound examination for women aged over 30 increases early detection .
emo ther- Although treatment by surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be
e serious effective when the cancer is confined to the ovaries, once it has spread, treatment is much
more difficult . Since 60-70 percent of patients are at a late stage of the cancer before
ie dica for
diagnosis, mortality rates are the highest among cancers of the female reproductive system .
ifying the
Epithelial ovarian cancer accounts for more than 80 percent of this type of cancer, with
=hing and
ced side- most of the remainder being germ cell ovarian tumors . Germ cell tumors tend to appear
help the earlier than epithelial tumors, sometimes occurring in women aged below 20. The
the treat- morbidity rate for epithelial tumors increases considerably after the age of 40, with a peak
principle age range of 50-70 years. Incidence is higher in nulliparous women ; women of blood
dispelling group A are more affected than those of blood group O . Ovarian cancer can metastasize
through the lymphatic system to the pelvis and abdomen or through the blood to the liver
and lungs .
TCM has no specific term for the ovaries, which are included in the overall concept of
nu ri bao (the Uterus), in other words the female genital organ controlling menstruation,
gestation and nourishment of the fetus. It is associated with the Chong and Ren vessels
and also with the Liver and Kidneys .

Clinical manifestations

• There are generally no obvious symptoms at the early stage . There may be a vague feeling
of discomfort in the lower abdomen, often mistaken for gastrointestinal symptoms.
• If the tumor enlarges to compress the bladder, painful and difficult urination may
occur with a frequent, urgent need to urinate. If the tumor compresses the colon,
constipation may result .
• If a tumor affects the functions of the reproductive system, there may be amenorrhea
or abnormal vaginal bleeding. Masculinization may occur with hormone-secreting tumors
• Late-stage symptoms include loss of weight, ascites, anemia, enlargement of the
lymph glands, masses in the lower abdomen, pain in the abdomen and lower back,
and abnormalities of menstruation.

514 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Etiology and pathology
The onset of ovarian cancer is closely related to
Qi stagnation, Blood stasis, Cold congealing and
accumulation of Dampness. Blood plays a major
role in female pathology, as does the emotional state .
In the long run, Qi and Blood stagnate and
accumulate, resulting in the formation of tumors.
• Dietary irregularities cause depletion and
damage of the Spleen and Stomach, resulting in
Damp-Heat accumulating and binding with cancer
Toxins and Phlegm caused by Cold congealing
internally. This leads to disharmony of the Zany Fu
organs and Deficiency of Qi and Blood .
• Although benign tumors of the ovary may grow
more slowly than malignant tumors, in the
long-term Blood stasis and the binding of Toxins
may lead to malignancy .
Pattern identification and
treatment
INTERNAL TREATMENT
RETENTION OF TOXINS DUE TO
DAMP-HEAT
Main symptoms and signs
Masses, distension and pain in the lower abdomen,
possibly accompanied by ascites, irregular bleeding
from the vagina, dry stool, yellow urine, and dry
mouth with no desire for drinks . The tongue body
is dull with a yellow and greasy coating ; the pulse is
wiry and slippery or slippery and rapid .
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and benefit the movement of Dampness,
relieve Toxicity and dissipate lumps .
Prescription
CHU SHI JIE DU TANG
Decoction for Eliminating Dampness and Relieving
Toxicity (an empirical formula)
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 9g
Fir Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 9g
Che Qian Cao (Herba Plantaginis) 15g
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 15g
Ze Nie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 15g
Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri) 20g
Bai Ping (Herba Solani Lyrati) 20g
Tii Fii Ling (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae) 9g
Bai Jiang Cao (Herba Patriniae cum Radice) 30g
Jiang Cant (Bombe Batryticatus) 10g
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 20g
Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis) 159
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
Hai Zao (Herba Sargassi) 15g
Yan Hit Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) 9g
Da Fii Pi (Pericarpium Arecae Catechu) 15g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 9g
Explanation
• Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri), Tu Fu Ling
(Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae) and Fu Ling
(Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) dispel Dampness
and clear Heat.
• Che Oian Cao (Herba Plantaginis), Che Oian Zi
(Semen Plantaginis) and Ze Xie (Rhizoma
Alismatis Orientalis) clear Heat through the
urine and guide the ingredients to the Lower
Burner.
Jiang Cant (Bombyx Batryticatus), Hai Zao (Herba
Sargassi) and Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis
Yanhusuo) nourish Yin, invigorate the Blood,
transform Phlegm, and dissipate lumps.
• Bai Hilo She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis
Diffusae), Ban Zhi Lean (Herba Scutellariae
Barbatae), Bai Jiang Cao (Herba Patriniae cum
Radice), Chong Loll (Rhizoma Paridis), Bai Ying
(Herba Solani L yrati), and Long Kid (Herba
Solani Nigri) clear Heat and relieve Toxicity,
invigorate the Blood, and have anti-cancer
properties .
• Da .Fir Pi (Pericarpium Arecae Catechu) and
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) regulate
Qi and disperse swelling .
QI STAGNATION AND BLOOD STASIS
Main symptoms and signs
A firm and immovable mass in the abdomen,
abdominal distension, sharp pain in the lower
abdomen, a dull lusterless facial complexion,


OVARIAN CANCER 515

emaciation, dry and scaly skin, mental and physical Galli), Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris), E
fatigue, reduced appetite and little desire to eat, and Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae), and Hai Zao (Herba
inhibited urination and defecation . The tongue body is Sargassi) clear Heat, break up Blood stasis and
dull purple with stasis spots and marks and a yellow disperse accumulations.
30g coating; the pulse is thready and wiry, or rough . Tu Fu Ling (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae), Chuan
Lian Zi (Fructus Meliae Toosendan) and Yan Hu
Treatment principle
usae) 20g Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) clear Heat
Invigorate the Blood and transform Blood stasis,
and dispel Dampness, regulate Qi and alleviate
regulate Qi and dissipate lumps.
30g pain .
Prescription • Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried),
9g SI WU TANG HE JIN LING ZI SAN JIA WEI Jiao Shen Qu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried),
g Four Agents Decoction Combined With Sichuan Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germ-
Chinaberry Powder, with additions inatus, scorch-fried), Cbao Chen Pi (Pericarpium
Citri Reticulatae, stir-fried), and Hou Po (Cortex
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 20g Magnoliae Officinalis) relieve distension and
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 6g fullness in the abdomen.
i Fu Ling Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 15g
• Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae), Shan
Fu Ling Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 15g
)ampness Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) and Bai Qu Cai
Ji Nei Jint (Endothelium Comeum Gigeriae Galli) 30g (Herba Chelidonii) clear Heat, relieve Toxicity,
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 15g dissipate lumps, and have anti-cancer properties .
ie Qian Zi Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) 15g
(Rhizoma Tu Fu Ling (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae) 15g QI DEFICIENCY AND PHLEGM
.ough the Hai Zao (Herba Sargassi) 15g
CONGEALING
he Lower Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Meliae Toosendan) 12g
Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo) 12g Main symptoms and signs
.ao (Herba Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) 15g Distension and fullness in the abdomen and
Corydalis BaiQu Cai (Herba Chelidonii) 15g stomach, reduced food intake, nausea, puffy
he Blood, Chao Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, swelling of the face due to Deficiency, fatigue and
stir-fried) 9g lack of strength, immovable abdominal masses, cold
-ledyotidis Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried) 12g limbs, and loose stools . The tongue body is pale and
cutellariae Jiao ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) 12g enlarged with a white and greasy coating ; the pulse
iniae cum Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus, is slippery and thready, or deep and thready .
), Bai Ying scorch-fried) 12g
Treatment principle
ui (Herba Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) 20g
Fortify the Spleen and augment Qi, transform
Toxicity, Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 20g Phlegm and dissipate lumps.
nti-cancer
Prescription
Explanation SHEN LING BAI ZHU SAN HE ER CHEN
°chu) and
• Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong), TANG JIA WEI
°) regulate
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) and Chi Ginseng, Poria and White Atractylodes Powder
Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) cool the Blood and Combined With Two Matured Ingredients Decoction,
dissipate Blood stasis . with additions
ASIS Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) and Sheng
Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 20g
nourish the Blood and emolliate the Liver to Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
abdomen, Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 9g
the lower relieve Depression .
• Ji Nei Jinn (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
)mplexion,

516 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 20g
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 15g, wrapped
Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 9g
Qing Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Depu-
rata) 9g
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 15g
Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) 15g
Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) 15g
Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) 15g
Hai Zao (Herba Sargassi) 15g
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 30g
Explanation
• Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae), Shan
Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) and
Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
augment Qi .
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
and Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) fortify
the Spleen and dry Dampness.
• Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) and Che
Qian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) percolate Damp-
ness and clear Heat through the urine .
• Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Qing Ban
Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Depurata), Gua
Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis), and Chuan Bei Mu
(Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) regulate Qi, trans-
form Phlegm and dissipate lumps.
• Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris) and Hai
Zao (Herba Sargassi) disperse Phlegm and
soften hardness .
• Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae)
and Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) clear
Heat, relieve Toxicity and have anti-cancer
properties.
INTEGRATION OF CHINESE MEDICINE
IN TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR THE
MANAGEMENT OF OVARIAN CANCER
Surgery and postoperative period
Surgery is the main treatment for ovarian cancer at
all stages. Depending on the extent to which the
cancer has spread, surgery may be undertaken to
remove the affected ovary and adjoining fallopian
tube, with or without a total hysterectomy; if the
cancer has spread beyond the ovaries and uterus,
removal of lymph nodes and surrounding
structures will also be needed . TCM treatment for
supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and dispelling
pathogenic factors should be integrated after the
operation (see Chapter 3) .
Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy is normally applied after surgery for
ovarian cancer at the early stage to improve the
overall treatment effect and prevent recurrence, and
also as palliative treatment for patients at the late
stage. Radiotherapy can lead to exuberant Heat
Toxins throughout the body, depletion and
consumption of Yin Liquids, damage to the
intestinal tract, manifesting as pus and blood in the
stool, tenesmus and abdominal pain after defecation,
and cystitis .
INTERNAL TREATMENT
Common side-effects caused by radiotherapy for
ovarian cancer include :
EXUBERANT HEAT TOXINS
Main symptoms and signs
Dry mouth, tongue and throat, mouth ulcers, a red
tongue body with a scant coating, and a thready and
rapid pulse .
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and relieve Toxicity, nourish Yin and
generate Body Fluids.
Commonly used materia medica include
Jin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae)
Lian_Qiao (Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae)
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis)
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri)
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae)

hich the Pu Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci cum Radice)
taken to Chao Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis, stir-
fallopian fried)
y; if the Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu Adenophorae)
I uterus, Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis)
rounding
Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii)
ment for
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis)
iispelling
Lu Gen (Rhizoma Phragmitis Communis
after the
Nu Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi)
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii)
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
rgery for DAMP-HEAT POURING DOWNWARD TO
rove the
THE RECTUM
.nce, and
the late Main symptoms and signs
mt Heat Frequent and urgent urination, tenesmus, pus and
_on and blood in the stool, abdominal pain after defecation,
to the limpness and aching in the lower back and knees, a
od in the red tongue body with a yellow and greasy coating,
efecation,
and a slippery and rapid pulse .
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and benefit the movement of Dampness,
fortify the Spleen and regulate Qi.
-rapy for
Commonly used materia medica include
Bai Tou Weng (Radix Pulsatillae Chinensis)
Qin Pi (Cortex Fraxini)
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra)
ers, a red Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
-eady and Ma Chi Xian (Herba Portulacae Oleraceae)
Bai Jiang Cao (Herba Patriniae cum Radice)
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae)
Yin and Wu Mei (Fructus Pruni Mume)
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae)
Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi)
le Rou Dou Kou (Semen Myristicae Fragrantis)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae)
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)
Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi)
OVARIAN CANCER 517
ACCUMULATION OF HEAT TOXINS IN
THE BLADDER
Main symptoms and signs
Inhibited, frequent, urgent and painful urination,
possibly with blood in the urine, a sensation of
sagging, distension and discomfort in the lower
abdomen, a red tongue body with a yellow coating,
and a thready and rapid pulse .
Treatment principle
Benefit the movement of Dampness, clear Heat
and free Un syndrome .
Commonly used materia medica include
Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis)
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri)
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi)
Bian Xu (Herba Polygoni Avicularis)
Qu Mai (Herba Dianthi)
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis)
Hai Jin Sha (Spora Lygodii Japonici)
Hua Shy (Talcum)
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis)
Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae)
CheQian Cao (Herba Plantaginis)
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis)
Xiao Ji (Herba Cephalanoploris seu Cirsii)
Zhu Ling (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati)
Deng Xin Cao (Medulla Junci Effusi)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Chemotherapy
Ovarian cancer generally responds well to
chemotherapy, especially to treatment with cisplatin
or carboplatin. However, these drugs are likely to
cause generalized discomfort, a decrease in perip-
heral blood values,_ gastrointestinal problems (in
particular, vomiting), and impairment of the hepatic
and renal functions. These side-effects are discussed
in detail in Chapters 3 and 4 .

DTHT THERAPY
After surgery, patients should be advised to pay
attention to diet mainly by eating foods for supple-
menting the Kidneys and regulating menstruation
such as pig's liver, Chinese yam (Shan Yao, Rhizoma
Dioscoreae Oppositae), longan fruit, mulberry,
black sesame seeds, wolfberry (Gou Qi Zi, Fructus
Lycii), colza, and lotus root.
• During radiotherapy, the diet should include
food for nourishing the Blood and enriching Yin
such as beef, pig's liver, lotus root, jelly fungus,
spinach, celery, pomegranate, and water caltrop .
• During chemotherapy, patients should eat foods
for 'fortifying the Spleen and supplementing the
Kidneys such as Chinese yam powder, Yi Mi Zhou
(Coix''Seed Congee), pig's or calf liver, jelly fungus,
wolfberry (GouQi Zi, Fructus Lycii), lotus root, and
banana.
• Patients with late-stage ovarian cancer should eat
aduki beans, green beans, fresh lotus root, spinach,
banana, winter melon, water melon, and apples, and
high-protein foods such as milk, eggs and beef .
Patients should not eat chives, raw onion, and
cold and greasy food, should abstain from
cigarettes and alcohol .
QIGONG JJ-IEKAPY
Patients can practice gong in a sitting posture
without undue exertion.
Clinical experience and case
histories
SUN BINGYAN
Clinical experience
In Dr. Sun's view, when treating ovarian cancer, the
relationship between dispelling pathogenic factors
and supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) must be
managed properly. The age of the patient should
also be considered in supporting Vital Qi :
For younger women, since the Kidneys are the
Root of Earlier Heaven,' the priority when support-
ing Vital' Qi should be given to supplementing the
Kidneys, with L u Wei Di Huang Tang
(Six-Ingredient , Rehmannia Decoction) being pre-
scribed as the basic formula .
• In middle age, the burdens of work and family
and the approach of menopause tend to lead to
such symptoms as - irritability and impatience . In
such cases, priority when supporting Vital Qi
should be given to dredging the Liver, harmonizing
the Blood and supplementing the Spleen, with Gui
Pi Tang (Spleen-Returning Decoction) and Jia Wei
Xiao Yao San (Augmented Free Wanderer Powder)
being prescribed as the basic formulae .
Dr. Sun recommends the following basic formula
for treating ovarian cancer :
Basic prescription for decoctions
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 10-15g
Chi Sbao (Radix Paeon ae Rubra) 10-15g
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) 10-15g
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) 15-30g
San Leng (Rhizoma Sparganii Stolonifen) 10-15g-
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 10-15g
Ha Ma (Rana Temporaria) two pieces
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 10g
Dai Zhe Shit (Haematitum) 30g, decocted for at
least 30 minutes before adding the other ingredients
Wu Gong$ (Scolopendra Subspinipes) 3-5 pieces
Chan Tuit (Periostracum Cicadae) 10g
Ji Xing Zi (Semen Impatientis Balsaminae) 10-15g
Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae) 15g
PaoJiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Praepa-
rata) I5g
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Rec-
ens) 1Og
Da Zao uctus Ziziphi Jujubae) 25g
Explanation
As the main ingredients, Dang Gui (Radix Ange-
licae Sinensis), Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra)
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxio
San Leng (Rhizoma Spargand Stoloniferi), and

E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) invigorate and break
ys are the
up the Blood and regulate Qi.
i support-
• Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
:nting the
Conquita) supplements the Blood .
'ng Tang
• Ha Mat (Rana Temporaria), WIu Gong$ (Scolop-
.eing pre-
endra Subspinipes), Chan Tuii (Periostracum
Cicadae), and Ji Xing Zi (Semen Impatientis
nd family
Balsaminae) support the main ingredients by
o lead to
enhancing their effect while expelling Toxins
fence . In
and breaking up binding .
Vital Qi
1 . Ji Xing Zi (Semen Impatientis Balsaminae),
'monizing
bitter and acrid in flavor and warm in nature,
with Gui
and entering the Liver and Kidney channels,
d Jia Wlei
breaks up Blood, disperses accumulations and
Powder)
softens hardness . It also enters the Xue level to
treat menstrual block and accumulations and
formula has been used frequently in recent years for
benign and malignant tumors .
2 . Ha Mat (Rana Temporaria), acrid, cool and toxic,
breaks up abdominal masses and lumps,
transforms Toxicity, kills Worms and alleviates
pain, and can be used for severe boils, genital
ulcers, carbuncles on the back, accumulations,
10-15g
and for malignant tumors . However, it should
)sae Con-
be used with caution, as it may induce
regurgitation of food, vomiting, and reduced
-15g
appetite .
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) and Dai
Zhe Shit (Haematitum) are added to restrain the
side-effects of Ha Mat (Rana Temporaria) .
or at Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae) and Pao
gredients Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Praeparata)
eces dissipate Cold, free the vessels and warm the
Uterus since Deficiency-Cold of the Lower
10-15g Origin is one of the etiological factors causing
ovarian cancer.
Praepa- • Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis
Recens) and Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae)
alis Rec- have an envoy role in harmonizing the Stomach .
Modifications
1 . For Cold patterns, add Rou Gui (Cortex
Cinnamomi Cassiae) 15-30g and Fu Pen Zi
[ix Ange- (Fructus Rubi Chingii) 10-20g, and increase the
e Rubra), dosage of Pao Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis
anxiong), Officinalis Praeparata) to 30g .
:eri), and
OVARIAN CANCER 519
2. For inhibited defecation, add Qian Niu Zi
(Semen Pharbitidis) 15-30g, Bing Lang* (Semen
Arecae Catechu) 15-30g, Zao Jim (Fructus
Gleditsiae Sinensis) 6g, Da Huang (Radix et
Rhizoma Rhei) 15-20g, and Xuan Ming Fen$
(Mirabilitum Depuratum), infused in the
decoction, 10-15g.
3 . For heat in the Upper Burner, add Zhi Zi
(Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 10-15g, Mu
Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) IOg and Huang
Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) 10-15g .
4 . For Qi Deficiency, add Dang Shen (Radix
Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 10-15g and Huang Qi
(Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30-60g .
Patent medicines
Hua Du Pian (Tablet for Transforming Toxicity) five
tablets a day, Hua Yu Wan (Pill for Transforming
Depression) one 9g pill a day, and Hua Jian Ye
(Liquid for Transforming Hardness) 100ml taken
orally once a day.
Case histories
Case 1
Two years after noticing a fist-sized swelling in the lower
abdomen, a woman aged 44 was admitted to hospital for
surgical removal of the tumor, which was subsequently
diagnosed as grannlgr cell carcinoma of the ovary . After
removal of the tumor, she was given 50 sessions of
radiotherapy . Side-effects included abdominal distension
and vomiting hindering food intake. The carcinoma
recurred nine months later, with accompanying symptoms
of headache and pain in the lower back and abdomen in
addition to the previous post-treatment symptoms of
drum-like abdominal distension and vomiting .
The patient refused another operation and was
referred to Dr . Sun's clinic after another two months .
Examination revealed a firm mass 3 x 5 cm in the left
side of the lower abdomen, with accompanying features
of drum-like abdominal distension, ascites, emaciation,
and mental listlessness . The tongue body was pale with a
white and slightly greasy coating ; the pulse was deep,
thready and faint.
Pattern identification
Blood stasis due to Cold, accumulation of
binding of Toxins .
520 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Treatment principle
Warm Yang, relieve Toxicity, transform Blood stasis, and
attack downward by purgation .
Prescription ingredients
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) l Og
Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis) 30g
Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) 30g
Xiao Hui Xiang (Fructus Foeniculi Vulgaris) 15g
Wu Yao (Radix Linderae Strychnifoliae) 10g
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 1 5g
San Leng (Rhizoma Sparganii Stoloniferi) 15g
Qian Niu Zi (Semen Pharbitidis) 30g
Bing Lang* (Semen Arecae Catechu) 30g
Ha Mat (Rana Temporaria) two pieces
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 15g
Ta Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 30g
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita) 30g
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 15g
Huang,Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 50g
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 15g, added 10
minutes before the end of the decoction process
Xuan Ming Feat (Mirabilitum Depuratum) 1 Og, infused in
the prepared decoction
One bag per day was used to prepare a decoction, taken
twice a day .
Patent medicines
Xiao Liu Wan (Tumor-Dispersing Pill) 20 pills, Hun Yir
Wan (Pill for Transforming Depression) at half dosage
(4.5g), Hui Yang [["'an (Yang-Returning Pill) consisting of
Fu Zi Li Zbong Tang (Aconite Decoction for Regulating
the Middle Burner) plus Liu Huang (Sulphur) 12 pills,
and Hua Jinn Ye (Liquid for Transforming Hardness)
50m1, ever, day.
After taking the decoction for three months, a large
amount of necrotic material was discharged with the stool .
Within four months, all discomfort had disappeared and
no recurrence was found during subsequent visits .
Case 2
In December 1975, a woman of 47 began to feel lower
abdominal pain, aggravated on exertion, and
accompanied by scant menstrual flow . She was diagnosed
with mucoid papillary cystadenoma of the ovaries and
underwent total resection (bilateral oophorectomv and
hysterectomy) in April 1976, followed by chemotherapy
with the CAP regime (cyclophosphamide, AdriamycinOO,
cisplatin) .
Early in 1980, the abdominal pain recurred and was
diagnosed as metastasis to the abdominal wall and the
area around the bladder ; the patient underwent a second
operation in April 1980 . Since the cancer had
metastasized, partial resection only was performed . The
abdominal wound was very slow to heal .
As the patient's general condition worsened with
abdominal distension, ascites, oliguria, constipation,
reduced food intake, lack of strength, and inhibited
movement, she was referred to Dr . Sun's clinic in April
1981 . Examination revealed emaciation, abdominal
distension with ascites, a dull white complexion, a pale
tongue body with tooth marks, and a thready, win' and
forceless pulse .
Pattern identification
Cold-Heat complex, Qi stagnation, Blood stasis and
accumulation of Toxins .
Treatment principle
Warm Yang and nourish Yin, break up Blood stasis and
expel Toxins, and attack downward by purgation .
Prescription ingredients
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) I Og
Gao Lsang Jiang (Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinari) 10g
Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamorni Cassiae) 25g
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis) 20g
Bai Bu (Radix Stemonae) 15g
Ban Mao (Mylabris) four pieces
Hun Shit (Talcum) 15g
San Leng (Rhizoma Sparganii Stoloniferi) I Og
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 10g
Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi) 15g
Zhi Shi (Fnictus Immaturus Citri Aurantii) 10g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 1 Og
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita) l Og
Yu Zhu (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati) 10g
Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 2Og
Gou Ui Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Qian Niu Zi (Semen Pharbitidis) 30g
Bing Lang* (Semen Arecae Catechu) 30g
Da Huaig (Radix et Rh.izoma Rhei) 15g, added 10
minutes before the end of the decoction process
Xuan thling Feat (Mirabilitum Depuratum) 15g, infused in
the prepared decoction
Patent medicines
Xiao Lirr Wan (Tumor-Dispersing Pill) 30 pills a day on
an empty stomach, Hun Jie 11 an (Pill for Transforming


OVARIAN CANCER 521

and was Binding) one 9g pill twice a day, Hua Jian Ye (Liquid for gradually became freer, and the abdominal distension and
1 and the Transforming Hardness) 50m1 a day, and Qing Long Yi ascites disappeared . After three months, all discomfort
a second TangJiang (Walnut Skin Syrup) 30m1, twice a day . was relieved . There had been no recurrence by the time
icer had After taking the decoction, bowel movements of the last follow-up visit in 1984 .
med. The

ned with
istipation,
inhibited
c in April
.bdominal
)n, a pale
wiry and

stasis and

stasis and
n.

)g

)g

10g
quita) lOg

added 10

infused in

a day on
isforming


Cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer of the female reproductive system on
a worldwide basis. It generally affects women in the 35-65 age range. Most cervical cancers
are squamous cell carcinomas developing in the squamous epithelial cells covering the out-
side of the cervix; adenocarcinomas and adenosquamous carcinomas are less common .
Carcinomas may be papillary, ulcerative, diffusely infiltrative, or nodular. Cervical cancer
can penetrate through the basement membrane of the cervical epithelium to enter the
network of blood and lymphatic vessels of the cervix, subsequently metastasizing to other
parts of the body.
Risk factors for cervical cancer include early sexual activity, multiple sexual partners,
early or multiple pregnancies, alcohol abuse, and malnutrition . This cancer also appears to
be associated with the human papillomavirus, which may be transmitted during sexual in-
tercourse. Regular screening allows cervical cancer to be detected at an early stage .

Clinical manifestations
There are often no obvious symptoms at the-early stage . Once the symptoms listed below
do occur, it normally means that the cancer is already at the intermediate or late stage :
• post-coital bleeding
• vaginal bleeding or profuse and prolonged menstruation and a shortened menstrual
cycle
• irregular postmenopausal vaginal bleeding
• increased leukorrhea
• distension and dull pain in the lower back or abdomen
• fever

Etiology and pathology

Cervical cancer often has its origin in Yin Deficiency of the Liver and Kidneys and exu-
berant Dampness due to Spleen Deficiency . Internal damage due to the seven emotions
results in Depression and binding of Liver Qi and stagnation of Qi and Blood, leading to
abdominal masses and disharmony of the Chong and Ren vessels . Yin Deficiency of the
Liver and Kidneys results in the frenetic movement of Deficiency-Fire, which causes
flooding and spotting. Dietary irregularities lead to Spleen Deficiency, eventually resulting
in exuberant Dampness, which when retained transforms into Heat . If Heat is trapped

for a long period, it will produce Toxins ; Damp
Toxins pouring downward are expelled as vaginal
discharge. Damp Toxins and Phlegm stasis tend to
bind with each other and accumulate in the Chong
and Ren vessels and the Uterus; when they accu-
mulate over a long period, they produce more Tox-
icity, resulting in cervical cancer .
Pattern identification and
treatment principles
DISHARMONY OF THE CHONG AND REN
VESSELS DUE TO LIVER DEPRESSION
AND QI STAGNATION
Main symptoms and signs
Bleeding of smallish quantities of bright red blood
without clots, thin yellowish-white vaginal discharge,
distension and pain in the lower abdomen, fullness
in the chest and hypochondrium, anxiety and emo-
tional depression, or irritability and irascibility, a
bitter taste in the mouth and a dry throat, yellow
urine, and dry stools . The tongue body is slightly
dull with a thin white or slightly yellow coating; the
pulse is wiry and rough . This pattern is often seen
in the nodular type of cervical cancer or in the early
stage of the other types .
Treatment principle
Dredge the Liver, dissipate lumps, and regulate the
Chong and Ren vessels.
Prescription
JIA WEI XIAO YAO SAN HE BA ZHEN SAN
JIA JIAN
Augmented Free Wanderer Powder Combined With
Eight Treasure Powder, with modifications
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 20g
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 20g
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 1 Og
Chai Hu (Radix 'Bupleuri) 1Og
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 20g
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 30g
Bian Xu (Herba Polygoni Avicularis) 20g
Liu Yi San (Six-To-One Powder) 30g, infused in the
prepared decoction
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 20g
Bai Ying (Herba Solani Lyrati) 30g
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 15g
Zhu Ling (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati) 30g
Explanation
• Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis), Dan Shen
(Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) and E Zhu (Rhi-
zoma Curcumae) clear Heat and break up
Blood stasis .
• Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) and Cbai
Hu (Radix Bupleuri) allow constrained Liver Qi
to flow freely, relieve Depression and clear
Heat.
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Bai
Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) nourish the
Blood and emolliate the Liver.
• Che Qian Zi (Semen Plantaginis), Bian Xu
(Herba Polygoni Avicularis), Liu Yi San
(Six-To-One Powder), and Zhu Ling (Sclerotium
Polypori Umbellati) clear Heat, promote urina-
tion and percolate Dampness.
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae), Bai
Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae)
and Bai Ying (Herba Solani Lyrati) clear Heat,
relieve Toxicity and have anti-cancer properties.
ACCUMULATION OF TOXINS IN THE
LOWER BURNER DUE TO DAMP-HEAT
IN THE LIVER CHANNEL
Main symptoms and signs
Fishy-smelling, thick and sticky red or red and white
vaginal discharge, profuse menstruation, pain in the
lower abdomen and lower back radiating to the
lower limbs, short voidings of reddish urine, fre-
quent urination, urinary urgency, and constipation .
The tongue body is crimson with a yellow and dry
coating; the pulse is wiry and rapid. This pattern is
often seen in the papillary or ulcerating types of
cervical cancer.
Treatment, principle
Clear the Liver and relieve Toxicity, dispel Blood
stasis and dissipate lumps .


CERVICAL CANCER 525

used in the Prescription DAMP TOXINS POURING DOWNWARD

QING GAN ZHI LI TANG HE LONG DAN DUE TO SPLEEN DEFICIENCY
30g XIE GAN TANG JIAJIAN
:fusae) 20g Decoction for Clearing the Liver and Alleviating Main symptoms and signs
Lin Syndrome Combined With Chinese Gentian Fishy-smelling, sticky, greasy, thin and white vaginal
Decoction for Draining the Liver, with modifica- discharge that dribbles continuously, accompanied by
30g tions limpness and aching in the lower back and legs,
mental and physical fatigue, palpitations, shortness of
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 20g breath, insomnia and profuse dreaming, dizziness,
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 1 Og poor appetite, indigestion, sagging pain in the lower
Dan Shen Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 20g abdomen, profuse menstruation, loose stools, and
Zhu (Rhi- Huai Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) 15g turbid urine. The tongue body is pale and enlarged
break up Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) 1 Og with a white and greasy coating, the pulse is deep and
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 20g thready. This pattern is often seen in local papillary
;) and Chai Qu Mai (Herba Dianthi) 1 Og
d Liver Qi and ulcerating types of cervical cancer .
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 1Og
and clear Treatment principle
Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) 30g
Tu Fu Ling (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae) 20g Fortify the Spleen and benefit the movement of
and Bai water, clear Heat and relieve Toxicity.
:)urish the Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis) 20g
Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae) 1 Og Prescription
Bian Xu Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 1 Og WAN DAI TANG HE BI XIE FEN QING YIN
Yi San Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og Decoction for Terminating Discharge Combined
Sclerotium E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 15g With Yam Rhizome Beverage for Separating the
tote urina- Clear and the Turbid
Explanation
Datae), Bai • Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) and Dang Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) 10g, decocted separately
Diffusae) Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) nourish the for at least 60 minutes before being added to the
lear Heat, Blood and emolliate the Liver to free stagnation prepared decoction
roperties. in the Liver channel. Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis) 15g
• Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis), E Zhu Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 15g
N THE (Rhizoma Curcumae) and Zhi Zi (Fructus Gar- Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 30g
P-HEAT deniae Jasminoidis) clear Heat and cool the Bai Sbao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 20g
Blood . Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 15g
• Huai Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) and Jing Jie Tan (Herba Schizonepetae Tenuifoliae
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) clear Carbonisata) 10g
and white Damp-Heat from the Lower Burner and guide Xue Yu Tans (Crinis Carbonisatus Hominis) 20g
)ain in the the other ingredients downward . Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) 30g
ig to the Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi), Che Bi Xie (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae seu
trine, fre- Qian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) and Qu Mai (Herba Septemlobae) 20g
istipation . Dianthi) percolate Dampness and clear Heat Tu Fu Ling (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae) 30g
v and dry through the urine . Long GM (Os Draconis) 25g
pattern is Mu Lit (Concha Ostreae) 25g
• Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) cools
types of the Blood and stops bleeding . Ge Gen (Radix Puerariae) 20g
• Tu Fu Ling (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae), Long Dan Fan Bai Cao (Herba Potentillae Discoloris) 20g
Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae), Chong Lou (Rhi- Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis
)el Blood zoma Paridis), and Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) Diffusae) 20g
dry Dampness, clear Heat and relieve Toxicity . E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 15g

526 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Explanation
• Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng) and Shan Yao (Rhi-
zoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) supplement Qi
and fortify the Spleen .
• Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae),
Ge Gen (Radix Puerariae) and Cang Zhu (Rhi-
zoma Atractylodis) augment Qi and fortify the
Spleen, dry Dampness and stop diarrhea.
• Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) and Gan
Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) alleviate pain with
sweetness and sourness.
• E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) disperses accumu-
lation and alleviates pain .
• Jing Jie Tan (Herb a Schizonepetae Tenuifoliae
Carbonisata), Xue Yu Tan$ (Crinis Carbonisatus
Hominis) and Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae
Pilosae) absorb Dampness, stop bleeding and
stop discharge .
• Bi Xie (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae seu
Septemlobae) and Tu Fu Ling (Rhizoma Smilacis
Glabrae) clear Damp-Heat .
• Long Gut (Os Draconis) and Mu Ls1 (Concha
Ostreae) promote contraction and prevent
leakage of fluids .
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diff isae)
and Fan Bai Cao (Herba Potentillae Discoloris)
dear Heat, relieve Toxicity, stop bleeding, and
have anti-cancer properties .
DEPLETION OF THE SPLEEN AND KID-
NEYS DUE TO RESIDUAL DAMP TOXINS
Main symptoms and signs
Fishy-smelling, clear and thin vaginal discharge
pouring down, cold and aching lower back with a
sensation of heaviness, night sweating, low-grade
afternoon fever, a sensation of heat in the chest,
palms and soles, dizziness, blurred vision, insomnia,
tinnitus, cold and pain in the lower limbs, loose
stools, frequent urination, and profuse nocturia.
The tongue body is red with a scant coating ; the
pulse is deep, thready and forceless .
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and supplement the Kidneys, en-
rich Yin and clear Heat, support Vital Qi (Zheng Qi)
and cultivate the Root.
Prescription
GUI PI TANG HE LIANG DI TANG JI NEI
BU WAN JIA JIAN
Spleen-Returning Decoction Combined With Reh-
mannia and Wolfberry Root Bark Decoction and
Internal Supplementation Pill, with modifications
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) 20g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 1 Og
Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 30g
Han Lian Cao (Herba Ecliptae Prostratae) 10g
E Jiaol (Gelatinum Corii Asini) 10g, melted in the
prepared decoction
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
He Shou Wu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori) 20g
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 20g
Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis) 30g
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis) 1 Og
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 20g
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 1 Og
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 20g
Kou Cong Kong (Herba Cistanches Deserticolae) 20g
Sang Mao Xiaot (Ootheca Mantidis) 1 Og
Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) 3g
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) 10g
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 20g
Zhu Ling (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati) 30g
Explanation
• Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari), Dang
Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae), Bai Zhu
(Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae), and Zbu
Ling (Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati) augment
-Qi, percolate Dampness and bear Spleen Yang
upward.
• Nii Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi), Han Lian
Cao (Herba Ecliptae Prostratae) and Mai Men
Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) nourish
Yin and clear Heat.
• Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), He Shou
Wu (Radix Polygon Multiflori), Sheng Di Huang
(Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae), E Jiaoi (Gelati-
num Corii Asini), and Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae
Lactiflorae) supplement and nourish the Blood .
• Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii Radicis) and Xuan Shen


CERVICAL CANCER 527

(Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis) clear Heat, remove the cancerous cells is usually undertaken .
G JI NEI enrich Yin and cool the Blood . Large loop excision of the transitional zone or laser
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae), Rou Gui (Cortex ablation are now the treatments of choice in West-
with Reh- Cinnamomi Cassiae), Rou Cong Rong (Herba ern medicine at this stage .
Iction and Cistanches Deserticolae), and Sang Piao Xiaot • Simple hysterectomy is applied for severe
ications (Ootheca Mantidis) supplement the Kidneys, anaplasia of the cervix and pre-invasive carcinoma
reinforce Yang and consolidate the Essence . or carcinoma in situ .
09 • Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae)
20g • Radical total hysterectomy is undertaken at the
and E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) clear Heat, re- la, stage of cervical cancer (minimal microscopi-
lalae) 1Og
lieve Toxicity, disperse accumulations, and have cally evident stromal invasion) ; staging is based on
anti-cancer properties . FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and
log
ted in the Obstetrics) classifications.
General modifications • Sub-extensive total hysterectomy is undertaken
1 . For profuse white vaginal discharge, add Fan Bai at the 1a2 stage of cervical cancer (lesions detected
Cao (Herba Potentillae Discoloris) 30g, Long Gut
)g microscopically in a measurable size, with the inva-
(Os Draconis) 25g, Mu Lai (Concha Ostreae)
Iosae) 20g sive component less than 5mm below the base of
25g, Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis) 20g, and
the epithelium, and 7mm or less in horizontal
Hai Piao Xiaof (Os Sepiae seu Sepiellae) 30g.
Isis) log 2. For profuse bleeding, add Xian He Cao (Herba spread) .
Agrimoniae Pilosae) 30g, Xiao Ji Tan (Herba • Extensive total hysterectomy and pelvic lym-
iici) 10g Cephalanoploris seu Cirsii Carbonisata) 20g, Di phadenectomy is undertaken above the lb stage of
Yu Tan (Radix Sanguisorbae Officinalis Car- cervical cancer.
olae) 20g bonisata) 20g, E Jiaof (Gelatinum Corii Asini)
log, Yi Mu Cao (Herba Leonuri Heterophylli) INTERNAL TREATMENT
30g, Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
30g, and Hua Jiao (Pericarpium Zanthoxyli) 30g . Postoperatively, materia medica for supporting Vital
Fusae) 20g Infuse lien Shen (Radix Ginseng) 3g and San Qi Qi and dispelling pathogenic factors should be in-
30g Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 3g, or Yun Nan tegrated into the treatment to prevent recurrence
Bai Yao (Yunnan White) 2g in the decoction be- and metastasis and improve the chances of surviv-
fore drinking. ing for five years. The following materia medica are
;ari), Dang 3. For severe abdominal pain, add Bai Shao (Radix commonly used for this purpose (further details can
Bai Zhu Paeoniae Lactiflorae) 40g, Gan Cao (Radix Gly- be found in Chapter 3) .
cyrrhizae) 30g, Bai Qu Cai (Herba Chelidonii)
),and Zhu HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
30g, and Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yan-
augment Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
husuo) log.
leen Yang Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
INTEGRATION OF CHINESE MEDICINE • Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
Han Lian Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi)
Mai Men IN TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR THE
MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL CANCER Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati)
nourish Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra)
He Shou
Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis)
Di Huang
Surgery and postoperative period GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii)
of (Gelati Nii Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi)
Paeoniae
SURGICAL PROCEDURES • Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae)
Blood .
Sang Ji Sheng (Ramulus Loranthi)
Xuan Shen • At the early stage of cervical cancer, surgery to • Fu Ling (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae)

Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae)
Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu)
Bai Ying (Herba Solani Lvrati)
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae)
Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris)
Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri)
Shi Jian Chuan (Herba Salviae Chinensis)
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi)
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae)
Increase in vaginal discharge
Patients often manifest with Spleen and Kidney De-
ficiency after surgery . Spleen Deficiency results in
failure of the transportation and transformation
function and internal collection of water and
Dampness. Pathogenic Dampness pours downward
to cause an increase in vaginal discharge . Kidney
Deficiency leads to lack of consolidation of the
Ren vessel, subsequently resulting in an increase in
vaginal discharge .
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen, warm the Kidneys and stop
vaginal discharge.
Points : BL-23 Shenshu, BL-30 Baihuanshu, GB-26
Daimai, BL-32 Ciliao, SP-6 Sanvinjiao, CV.4
Guanvuan, and CV-6 Qihai .
Technique : Apply the reinforcing method and re-
tain the needles for 20-30 minutes . Perform
moxibustion at BL-23 Shenshu, GB-26 Daimai,
BL-32 Ciliao, and CV -4 Guanvuan .
Explanation
• Applying the reinforcing method and moxibus-
tion at BL-23 Shenshu and CV-4 Guanyuan
warms and supplements the Lower Burner, and
secures and contains the Dai vessel.
CV6 Qihai regulates Qi and benefits the move-
ment of Dampness by regulating the Ren vessel .
• Applying moxibustion at GB-26 Daimai and
BL-32 Ciliao strengthens the effect of these
empirical points in the treatment of vaginal dis-
charge .
• BL-30 Baihuanshu clears Heat and benefits the
movement of Dampness in the Lower Burner .
SP-6 Sanvinjiao fortifies the Spleen and benefits
the movement of Dampness.
Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy is mainly used for cervical cancer at
stage IIb (obvious parametrial involvement, but
without extension to the pelvic wall and lower third
of the vagina) and stage III (extension to the pelvic
wall and/or lower third of the vagina), with pallia-
tive irradiation being given at the late stage . Radio-
therapy is also used before and after surgery to
improve the overall treatment effect and prevent
recurrence and metastasis .
TCM treatment can relieve the toxicity induced
by radiotherapy and increase its effect . Common
side-effects caused by radiotherapy for cervical
cancer include:
• exuberant Heat Toxins, characterized by dry
mouth and tongue and mouth ulcers
• reactions in the intestinal tract due to
Damp-Heat pouring downward, characterized by
tenesmus, pus and blood in the stool, abdominal
pain after defecation, a sensation of sagging and
distension in the lower abdomen, and limpness and
aching in the lower back and legs
• reactions in the urinary system due to accumu-
lation of Heat Toxins in the Bladder, characterized
by inhibited, frequent, urgent and painful urination,
possibly with blood in the urine .
Treatment of these symptoms with TCM is dis-
cussed in detail in the sections in this chapter on
ovarian and colorectal cancer .
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is an effective supplementary
method for late-stage cervical cancer before and af-
ter surgery and radiotherap : Side-effects caused by
chemotherapy for cervical cancer include bone
marrow suppression, nausea and vomiting, and
poor appetite, the use of TCM in treating these
side-effects is discussed in more detail in Chapter 4 .


CERVICAL CANCER 529

final dis- for fortifying the Spleen and supplementing the

Other therapies Kidneys such as Chinese yam powder, Yi Mi Zhou
refits the (Coix Seed Congee), pig's or calf liver, yellow jelly
3urner. DIET THERAPY fungus, wolfberry (Gou Q Zi, Fructus Lycii), lotus
. benefits root, and banana.
• After surgery, patients should be advised to in- • Patients with late-stage cervical cancer should
clude in their diet foods for supplementing the eat aduki beans, green beans, fresh lotus root, spin-
Kidneys and regulating menstruation such as pig's ach, banana, winter melon, water melon, apples, and
liver, Chinese yam (Shan Yao, Rhizoma Dioscoreae high-protein foods such as milk, eggs, and beef.
cancer at Oppositae), longan fruit, mulberry, black sesame • Patients should not eat chives, raw onion, and
lent, but seed, wolfberry (Gou Qi Zi, Fructus Lycii), colza, cold and greasy food, and should abstain from
wer third and lotus root. cigarettes and alcohol .
:he pelvic • During radiotherapy, the diet should include
ith pallia- food for nourishing the Blood and enriching Yin QIGONG THERAPY
;e. Radio- such as beef, pig's liver, lotus root, yellow jelly fun-
urgery to gus, spinach, celery, pomegranate, and water caltrop . The patient can practice Qigong in a sitting posture
i prevent • During chemotherapy, patients should eat foods without undue exertion .

r induced
Common
cervical

d by dry

due to
:erized by
abdominal
aging and
pness and

:) accumu-
iracterized
urination,

ZM is dis-
:hapter on

lementary
ire and af-
caused by
ude bone
siting, and
sting these
Chapter 4.


-_101"M

Bladder cancer

Bladder cancer is one of the most commonly seen urinary system cancers and accounts for
around 4% of all malignant tumors . Three to four times as many men as women develop
bladder cancer, which occurs most frequently between the ages of 50 and 70 . Smoking
appears to be the greatest risk factor, with other predisposing factors including exposure to
certain industrial chemicals, which become concentrated in the urine, exposure to certain
drugs such as cyclophosphamide and other alkylating agents, and chronic irritation occur-
ring with schistosomiasis and bladder stones .

Clinical manifestations
• intermittent, painless, visible hematuria, sometimes accompanied by blood clots, ap-
pears at the initial stage
• a frequent and urgent need to urinate
• burning and pain during urination
• limpness and aching in the lower back
• puffy swelling in the lower limbs
• lumps in the lower abdomen

Etiology and pathology

Insufficiency of Kidney Qi impairs the transformation and transportation of Water and
Dampness . Damage to the Spleen and Kidneys then results in internal generation of Heat
Toxins, which accumulate in the Bladder to scorch the channels and network vessels, lead-
ing to the frenetic movement of Blood . An enduring condition of blood in the urine
causes Qi stagnation and Blood stasis . Urinary retention results in putrid flesh obstructing
the Bladder giving rise to burning and painful urination, and, in severe cases, anemia .

Pattern identifcation and
treatment principles
HEAT TOXINS POURING DOWNWARD
TO ACCUMULATE IN THE BLADDER
Main symptoms and signs
Intermittent, painless, visible blood in the urine ini-
tially, subsequently manifesting as frequent and
painful urination, sagging and distension in the
lower abdomen, sometimes accompanied by fever
and aversion to cold, pain in the lower back and
abdomen, and inhibited urination . The tongue body
is dull with a white and greasy coating; the pulse is
deep and wiry. This pattern is often seen in bladder
cancer complicated by infection .
Treatment principle
Clear Heat and benefit the movement of Dampness,
relieve Toxicity and transform Blood stasis.
Prescription
BA ZHENG SAN HE BAI SHE LIU WEI
WAN JIA JIAN
Eight Corrections Powder Combined With White
Snake Six-Ingredient Pill, with modifications
Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) 10g
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 30g
Bian Xu (Herba Polygoni Avicularis) 20g
L iu Yi San (Six-to-One Powder) 30g, infused in the
prepared decoction
Tu Fu L ing (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae) 30g
Shan Dou Gen (Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis) 30g
Bai Ying (Herba Solani Lyrati) 30g
Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri) 30g
She Mei (Herba Duchesneae) 30g
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 30g
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 15g
finQian Cao (Herba Lysimachiae) 20g
Hai fin Sha (Spora Lygodii Japonici) 30g
San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) 6g, infused
in the prepared decoction
Explanation
• Tong Cao (Med,llb Tetrapanacis Papyriferi), Chi
Qian Zi (Semen Plantaginis), Bian Xu (Herba
Polygoni Avicularis), and Liu Yi San (Six-to-One
Powder) clear Heat, promote urination and
benefit the movement of Dampness .
• Tu Fu Ling (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae), Shan
Dou Gen (Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis), Hai fin
Sha (Spora Lygodii Japonici), and fin Qian Cao
(Herba Lysimachiae) clear Heat, relieve Toxicity
and promote urination .
Long Kid (Herba Solani Nigri), She Mei (Herba
Duchesneae) and Bai Ying (Herba Solani Lyrati)
clear Heat, move the Blood and have
anti-cancer properties.
• Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae), Dang Gui
(Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and San Qi Fen
(Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng) transform Blood
stasis.
QI FAILING TO CONTAIN THE
BLOOD DUE TO SPLEEN AND
KIDNEY DEFICIENCY
Main symptoms and signs
Painless visible blood in the urine, aching and limp-
ness in the lower back and knees, sagging in the
lower abdomen, a bright white facial complexion,
fatigue and lack of strength, dizziness, tinnitus, cold
lower limbs, and loose stools. The tongue body is
pale with a white and greasy coating ; the pulse is
deep and thready. This pattern is often seen with
late-stage bladder cancer.
Treatment principle
Supplement the Kidneys and fortify the Spleen,
benefit the movement of Dampness and transform
Blood stasis.
Prescription
LIU WEI DI HUANG TANG HE BAI SHE
LIU WEI WAN
Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Decoction Combined
With White Snake Six-Ingredient Pill, with modifi-
cations
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 20g
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) 15g

Tu Fu Ling (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae) 30g
riferi), Che Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 30g
Cu (Herba Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae) 30g
;ix-to-One Xian He Cao (Agrimoniae Pilosae) 30g
.ation and Shan Dou Gen (Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis) 20g
Bai Ying (Herba Solani Lyrati) 20g
)rae), Shan Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri) 20g
is), Hai jin She Mei (Herba Duchesneae) 20g
z Qian Cao Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 20g
ve Toxicity
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) 1 Og
Jiang Huang (Rhizoma Curcumae Longae) 1 Og
l4ei (Herba
Nu Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 30g
lani Lyrati) Han Lian Cao (Herba Ecliptae Prostratae) 20g
and have
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) 30g
), Dang Gui
Explanation
in Qi Fen
• Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae),
)rm Blood
Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) and Shan
Zbu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) supplement
the Kidneys, enrich Yin and nourish the Blood .
• Tu Fu Ling (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae) and
Shan Dou Gen (Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis)
clear Heat and relieve Toxicity.
• Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae),
and limp- Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) and
ing in the Han Lian Cao (Herba Ecliptae Prostratae) clear
omplexion, Heat, nourish Yin and stop bleeding.
anitus, cold Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri), She Mei (Herba
;ue body is
Duchesneae) and Bai Ying (Herba Solani Lyrati)
he pulse is
clear Heat, move the Blood and have anti-
i seen with cancer properties .
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae), Dang Gui
(Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Jiang Huang (Rhi-
zoma Curcumae Longae) and Mu Dan Pi (Cor-
the Spleen,
i transform tex Moutan Radicis) invigorate the Blood and
dispel Blood stasis.
• Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi) forti-
fies the Spleen and promotes urination .
BAI SHE
ACUPUNCTURE
Combined
vith modifi- Main points : CV-4 Guanyuan, CV-6 (ihai, BL-26
Guanyuanshu, BL-28 Pangguangshu, BL-23 Shenshu,
inosae) 20g BL-57 Chengshan, and SP-6 Sanyinjiao.
15g Auxiliary points : SP-9 Yinlingquan, '1'13-17 Yifeng
and KI-7 Fuliu .
BLADDER CANCER 533
Technique : Apply the reinforcing and reducing
method alternately. Retain the needles for 20-30
minutes. Treat once a day.
EAR ACUPUNCTURE
Points : Kidney, Bladder, Adrenal Gland, Endocrine,
Spleen, and Liver.
Technique : Attach Wang Bu Liu Xing (Semen Vac-
cariae Segetalis) seeds at the points with adhesive
tape. Tell the patient to press each seed for one
minute ten times a day. Change the seeds every
three days, using alternate ears .
INTEGRATION OF CHINESE MEDICINE
IN TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR THE
MANAGEMENT OF BLADDER CANCER
Surgery and postoperative period
INTERNAL TREATMENT
Indication
Patients mainly present with limp and aching legs
and knees, a weak constitution, lack of strength,
low-grade fever, and poor appetite .
Treatment principle
Enrich the Kidneys and augment Qi, relieve Toxic-
ity and free Lin syndrome.
Empirical prescription ingredients
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Con-
quita) 15g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Nii Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae) 15g
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 30g
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae) 20g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 9g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 15g
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) 20g
Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis) 9g
Ji Nei Jin$ (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Gal i) 12g
Hai Jin Sha (Herba Lygodii Japonici) 20g

Qu Mai (Herba Dianthi) 15g
Tu Fu Lirtg (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae) 20g
Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri) 20g
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 30g
Cl URE OF COMMONT Y
SEEN POSTOPERATIVE 0 S
URINARY RETENTION
Etiology and pathology
• After surgery, Damp-Heat due to Spleen Defi-
ciency pours downward and accumulates in the
Bladder to cause the breakdown of Qi transforma-
tion, which in turn results in urinary stoppage .
• Spleen Qi fall results in clear Yang failing to
bear upward and turbid Yin failing to bear down-
ward, resulting in inhibited urination .
• Kidney Yang Deficiency causes debilitation of
Fire at the Gate of Vitality and breakdown of the
Bladder's function of Q transformation, resulting
in urinary block .
Damp-Heat accumulation
Treatment principle
Clear Heat, benefit the movement of Dampness
and promote urination .
Points : BL-20 Pishu, LR-13 Zhangmen, BL-28
Pangguangshu, CV 3 Zhongji, SP-6 Sanyinjiao, and
SP-9 Yinlingq
Technique : Apply the reducing method . Retain the
needles for 20-30 minutes . Treat once a day.
Explanation
' Combining BL-20 Pishu and LR-1j . Zhangmmen,
the back-shu and front-mu points related to the
Spleen, with SP-9 Yinlingquan and applying the
reducing method clears Heat and benefits the
movement of Dampness by fortifying' the
Spleen and promoting urination .
SP-6 Sanyinjiao clears Heat and benefits the
movement of Dampness in the Spleen channel
by dredging and freeing Qi and Blood in the
three Yin channels .
BL-28 Pangguangshu and CV-3 Zhongji, th
back-shu and front-mu points related to the
Bladder, clear Heat and benefit the movement
of Dampness by regulating Qi in the Lower
Burner .
The overall combination of points has the
effect of freeing urination once the Bladder is
able to perform its function of Qi transforma-
tion . This will occur after Heat has been cleared
and the movement of Dampness promoted .
Spleen Qi fall
Treatment principle
Forti the Spleen, augment Q and free urination .
Points : BL-20 Pishu, CV-6 Qihai, CV 12 Zhongw
ST-36 Zusanli, BL-28 Pangguangshu, and CV-3
Zhongji .
Technique : Apply the reinforcing method . Retain
the needles for 20-30 minutes. Treat once a day
.
Explanation
• Combining BL-20 Pishu, the back-shu point re-
lated to the Spleen, with ST-36 Zusanli, the he
(uniting) point of the Stomach channel, sup-
plements and boosts the Spleen and Stomach .
CV-6 Qihai and CV 12 Zhongwan fortify the
Spleen, augment Qi and uplift Yang Qi .
BL-28 Pangguangshu and CV-3 Zhongji free
urination by dredging and regula g Q in the
Lower Burner .
Insuffciency of Kidney Yang
Treatment principle ;
Warm and supplement Kidney Yang.
Points : BL-23 Shenshu, CV-4 Guanuat-4 GV-4 Mpg-
men, BL-28 Pangguangshu, and CV -3 Zhongji .
Technique: Apply the reinforcing method. Retain
the needles for 20-30 minutes . Treat once' a day.
Moxibustion: After withdrawing the needles, apply

ginger moxibustion for 20 minutes at CV-4 Guanyuan
a channel
)d in the and GV-4 Mingmen. Burn, three to five moxa cones
on slices of ginger 0.2-0 .3 cm thick, monitoring the
degree of warmth to ensure that it is kept within
the patient's tolerance level .
Explanation
Application of the reinforcing method at
BL-23 Shenshu rouses Qi in the Kidney channel.
• Application of the reinforcing method at
CV-4 Guanyuan and GV 4 Mingmen, accom-
panied by moxibustion, supplements and aug-
ments Qi in the Lower Burner and enhances the
functional activities of Qi in the Bladder.
• BL-28 Pangguangshu and CV-3 Zhongji regu-
late the functional activities of Qi in the Lower
Burner.
Pattern identification and treatment are discussed in Apply the prescription once the symptoms occur .
detail in the hemorrhage section of Chapter 5 .
Bladder cancer is not generally sensitive to radio-
u point re- therapy, which is mainly used at the late stage as pal-
inli, the be liative treatment. Radiation cystitis and radiation
nnel, sup-
proetitis are common side-effects caused by radio-
,tomach. therapy for bladder cancer; both of these are dis-
fortify the cussed in detail in separate sections of Chapter 4.
)i.
iongji free
Qi in the Chemotherapy
INTERNAL TREATMENT
Indication : perfusion of chemotherapeutic agents
into the bladder often causes a frequent and urgent
need to urinate with a burning and painful sensation
during urination or hematuria.
3V-4 Ming
)ngji . Treatment principle
Cool the Blood and clear Heat, promote urination
iod . Retain
and guide out Lin syndrome.
!aday.
°dles, apply
BLADDER CANCER 535
Empirical prescription ingredients
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 15g
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 9g
Da Ji (Herba seu Radix Cirsii Japonici) 20g
Xiao Ji (Herba Cephalanoploris seu Cirsii) 20g
Hua Shy (Talcum) 15g
Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) 15g
Pu Huang Tan (Pollen Typhae Carbonisatum) 9g
Ou Jie (Nodus Nelumbinis Nuciferae Rhizomatis) 9g
Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae) 30g
Dan Zbu Ye (Herba Lophatheri Gracilis) 6g
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 9g
Qu Mai (Herba Dianthi) 9g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 9g, wrapped
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 15g
Wei king Xian (Radix Clematidis) 9g
Huai Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) 9g
Use one bag per day to prepare a decoction, taken
twice a day until the symptoms disappear.
For a detailed discussion of the manner in which
Chinese medicine can be applied to reduce the
side-effects of chemotherapy for bladder cancer
and other cancers, please refer to the sections on
reduced peripheral blood values (bone marrow
suppression) and nausea and vomiting in Chap-
ter 4 .
Treatment notes
Surgery is usually the main method employed in the
treatment of bladder cancer and is frequently inte-
grated in China with radiotherapy, chemotherapy
and TCM. Since local recurrence of bladder cancer
after surgery is frequent, especially with superficial
cancers, integration of TCM into the treatment
strategy can help to reduce the rate of recurrence,
improve the overall effect of the treatment and
prolong the survival time, in particular for late-stage
bladder cancer.5

DIET THERAPY
• After surgery, patients should be advised to eat
foods for fortifying the Spleen, promoting urination,
supplementing the Kidneys and strengthening the
constitution such as Yi Mi Zhou (Coix Seed Congee),
Xiao Mai Zhou (Wheat Congee), wolfberry (Gou Qi
Zi, Fructus Lycii), kiwi fruit, chestnuts, water melon,
black sesame seeds, and prawns.
• During radiotherapy, patients should eat foods
for enriching Yin, moistening Dryness, fortifying
the Spleen and harmonizing the Stomach such as
water melon, oranges, pineapple, water chestnuts,
citron fruit (Xiang Yuan, Fructus Citri Medicae seu
Wilsonii), yellow jelly fungus, and Yi Mi Zhou (Coix
Seed Congee) .
• During chemotherapy, it is better to eat foods
for supplementing Qi and boosting the Kidneys,
nourishing the Blood and replenishing the Essence
such as Shan Tao Er Mi Zhou (Chinese Yam, Rice
and Millet Congee), lotus seed, spinach, duck eggs,
and aduki beans .
• Patients with bladder cancer should avoid chilli,
raw onion and garlic, cigarettes and alcohol .
QIGONG THERAPY
Patients can practice inner-nourishing Qigong,
starting from a few minutes a day and gradually ex-
tending to 30-60 minutes depending on the state of
health.
Clinical experience and case
histories
Case history
A man aged 62 first attended Dr . Zhang's clinic in March
1995 . He had experienced hematuria and difficult urina-
tion for two years ; the condition had worsened in the
previous two months, accompanied by emotional
instability and poor appetite . Cystoscopy showed a papil-
lary carcinoma of the bladder . The patient preferred to
undertake chemotherapy because of the cost of surgery .
Chinese medicine was given before chemotherapy .
Treatment principle
Enrich and supplement the Liver and Kidneys, guide out
Dampness and regulate the Spleen .
Prescription
LIU WEI DI HUANG TANG HE BI XIE
FEN QING YIN JIA JIAN
Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Decoction Combined With
Yam Rhizome Beverage for Separating the Clear and the
Turbid, with modifications
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 20g
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 15g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 20g
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 12g
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 20g
Bi Xie (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae seu Septemloo-
bae) 1
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 9g
Shi Chang Pu (Rhizoma Acori Graminei) 9g
Iran Zi Xin (Plumula Nelumbinis Nuciferae) 6g
Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis) 20g
Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) 15g
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 15g
Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae) 30g
Da Ji (Herba seu Radix Cirsii Japonici) 30g
Xiao Ji (Herba Cephalanoploris seu Cirsii) 30g
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 30g
Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) 20g
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae) 30g
Method : One bag per day was used to prepare a decoc-
tion, drunk twice a day .
Additional prescription
The patient was given a second prescription directly tar-
geting the tumor .
Ingredients
Chuan Wu* (Radix Aconiti Carrnichaeli) 30g
Cao W lu* (Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii) 30g
Lang Du (Radix Euphorbiae Fischerianae) 30g
Dan Nan Xingt (Pulvis Arisaematis cum Felle Bovis) 50g
Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) 60g
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae) 30g
Huo Xiang (Herba Agastaches seu Pogostemi) 50g

ed a papil- Ding Xiang (Flos Caryophylli) 30g
referred to Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Meliae Toosendan) 50g
of surgery . Wu Zbu Yu (Fructus Evodiae Rutaecarpae) 30g
apy.
These materia medica were ground into a fine powder
and encapsulated; 6g was taken twice a day .
After 10 days, the hematuria was slightly worse. The pa-
tient was asked to continue with both the decoction and
the capsule medication for another 10 days, after which
the hematuria was reduced, urination was comparatively
unhindered, his mood had improved and his appetite had
increased . The patient continued to take the medicine for
another six months and his overall condition stabilized .
The patient then began the chemotherapy course, being
given intravesical perfusion of hydroxycamptothecin at a
dosage of 10-20mg once a week for two months . During
the chemotherapy treatment, the side-effects included
irritability, dry mouth, thirst, reduced appetite, a weak
constitution and lack of strength.
The patient was given the following prescription to
alleviate these side-effects and help him to complete the
treatment course .
Treatment principle
Fortify the Spleen and harmonize the Stomach, enrich
and supplement the Liver and Kidneys, clear Heat and
benefit the movement of Dampness .
30g Ingredients
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae) 20g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 20g
Bai Zbu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) 12g
ae) 20g Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis) 15g
Chao Zbi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasrninoidis, stir-fried) 9g
are a decoc- Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici) 15g
directly tar-
Bovis) 50g
50g
BLADDER CANCER 537
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis) 20g
Lian Zi Xin (Plumula Nelumbinis Nuciferae) 1 Og
Nai Zben Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) 15g
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii) 15g
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 9g
Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae Cylindricae) 30g
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 20g
Hua Shl (Talcum) 15g
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried) 15g
Jiao ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) 15g
Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
scorch-fried) 15g
One bag a day was used to prepare a decoction, drunk
twice a day for two months . The side-effects of the
chemotherapy were reduced so that the patient could
complete the course .
In November of the same year, further cystoscopy
showed that the tumor had slightly enlarged . The patient
was still not willing to undergo surgery and was asked to
continue with TCM treatment, taking the capsule as
before plus one large 9g pill of Liu Wei Di Huang Wan
(Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) twice a day .
Since the patient lived in a remote mountain area,
could not attend the hospital regularly and had difficulty
obtaining herbs locally, he was also prescribed an em-
pirical formula of Pei Lan (Herba Eupatorii Fortunei) 10g,
Hu Tao Shu Ye (Folium Juglandis Regiae) 10g and Hua
Jiao Sbu Zhi (Ramulus Zanthoxyli) 10g, used to prepare a
decoction to boil an egg, with the egg then being eaten .
The patient continued to take these formulae for
7 years and, although the tumor did not disappear, the
hematuria did not recur, urination was uninhibited, and
the patient felt stronger .


Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer of the male genitourinary system and the sec-
ond most common cause of death from cancer in men in the United States . Malignant
tumors within the prostate gland become increasingly common with advancing age .
Prostatic carcinoma (an adenocarcinoma) is virtually unknown before the age of 40, but
occurs in approximately 50 percent of men aged over 70 and in almost all men over 90 .
However, most of these cancers do not cause any symptoms because they grow very
slowly and are not the cause of death; in many instances, cancer cells are only discovered
after prostatic surgery or at autopsy. Where cancers grow more aggressively, they are likely
to, metastasize to bones in the pelvic, rib and spinal regions and to the kidneys .

Clinical manifestations
• Generally, there are no symptoms at the early stage .
As the cancer progresses, symptoms similar to those seen in benign enlargement of the
prostate gland may occur, including difficulty in urination and frequent urination .
• At the later stages, blockage of the urethra may become more pronounced with drib-
bling urination ; in severe cases, acute urinary retention, urinary turbidity or blood in the
urine may occur.
Bone pain is likely where prostate cancer metastasizes to the bones ; metastasis to the
kidneys can produce renal failure .

Etiology and pathology

In healthy people, the unobstructed flow of urine depends on the normal transformation
of Qi in the Triple Burner, which in turn mainly relies on maintenance of the functions of
the Lungs, Spleen and Kidneys . Prostate cancer is partic ;t rly closely related to the Spleen
and Kidneys. Since the Spleen governs transportation and transformation, when this func-
tion is impaired, it cannot generate the clear and bear the turbid downward, thus resulting
in retention of urine . The Kidneys govern water and control the two lower orifices ; they
stand in exterior-interior relationship with the Bladder . When the transformation of Qi in
the Kidneys occurs normally, the opening and closing function is correctly regulated . In
addition, Liver Qi Depression and obstruction by Blood stasis impede Qi transformation
in the Triple Burner, leading to urinary block .
Accumulation of Damp-Heat in the Bladder
Regular overintake of rich food (fatty meat, refined
grain and strong flavors) damages the Spleen and
Stomach and impairs their transportation and
transformation function resulting in obstruction of
Damp-Heat in the Middle Burner, which then
pours downward to the Bladder, or in Kidney-Heat
migrating to the Bladder . This in turn inhibits Qi
transformation in the Bladder, obstructing the flow
of urine and leading to retention of urine or drib-
bling urination .
Spleen Qt failing to bear upward
Fatigue due to overwork damages the Spleen . Diet-
ary irregularities, a prolonged illness and weak con-
stitution cause Spleen Deficiency, resulting in failure
to bear clear Qi upward. Turbid Yin therefore can-
not be borne downward, leading to inhibited urina-
tion .
Debilitation of Kidney Yang
Weak constitution due to old age or a prolonged
illness cause insufficiency of Kidney Yang and de-
bilitation of Fire at the Gate of Vitalit. Since there
is no generation of Yin without Yang, the Qi
transformation function of the Bladder will be im-
paired, resulting in urinary block . Prolonged accu-
mulation of Heat in the Lower Burner consumes
Body Fluids to cause insufficiency of Kidney Yin
and subsequent retention of urine (a situation
where Yang cannot be transformed without Yin) .
Liver Depression and Qi stagnation
Internal damage due to the seven emotions causes
Depression and binding of liver Qi, thus affecting
the Triple Burner's functions of Qi transformation
and the transportation and transformation of water
and Body Fluids, resulting in obstruction of the flow
in the water passages and retention of urine . Since
the Liver channel passes around the genital region to
reach the lower abdomen, diseases affecting the Liver
channel can also result in urinary retention .
Although this disease can result from a number of
causes in TCM, the final result is disruption of
the flow of Qi and Blood, Qi stagnation and Blood
stasis, and binding of Toxins and stasis. This leads
to the formation of tumors, which then obstruct
the passage of urine, causing difficult urination and
urinary retention .
Pattern identification and
treatment principles
Pattern identification of prostate cancer should
make a clear distinction between Deficiency and
Excess. Patterns due to accumulation of Damp-
Heat, obstruction of turbidity and stasis, and Liver
depression and Qi stagnation are usually' Excess
patterns; those due to Spleen Qi failing to bear up-
ward, insufficiency of Kidney Yang, debilitation of
Fire at the Gate of Vitality, and inhibited Qi trans-
formation are usually Deficiency patterns .
Excess patterns mainly manifest with acute
onset, distension or pain in the lower abdomen,
and short voidings of reddish urine with a sensa-
tion of burning heat. The tongue body is red with
a yellow and greasy or thin yellow coating ; the
pulse is wiry and rough, or rapid . Deficiency pat-
terns generally manifest with slow onset, a luster-
less or bright white facial complexion, reduced
forcefulness when voiding urine, mental fatigue,
shortness of breath, and a faint voice . The tongue
body is pale with a thin white coating ; the pulse is
deep, thready and weak .
The treatment principle for prostate cancer
should focus on freeing the passages, while basing
pattern identification on Deficiency and Excess . For
Excess patterns, the treatment principle should be
based on clearing Damp-Heat, dissipating stasis and
binding, and promoting the functional activities of
Qi to free the water passages ; for Deficiency pat-
terns, the treatment principle should be based on
supplementing the Spleen and Kidneys and rein-
forcing Qi transformation to achieve the goal of
moving Qi so that urine can be freed spontaneously.
In addition, treatment should also be differentiated
based on pathological changes in the Spleen, Kid-
neys and Liver. Materia medica for freeing or pro-
moting urination must not be used indiscriminately .


PROSTATE CANCER 541

Modifications and alternatives

1 . For a thick and greasy tongue coating, add Cang
ACCUMULATION OF DAMP-HEAT IN Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis) 10g and Huang Bai
THE BLADDER (Cortex Phellodendri) 6g to enhance the effect
of the prescription in clearing Heat and trans-
Main symptoms and signs forming Dampness .
Dribbling urination and urinary stoppage, or short 2. For irritability and mouth and tongue ulcers,
voidings of scant reddish urine with a sensation of combine with Dao Chi San (Powder for Guiding
burning heat, distension and fullness in the lower Out Reddish Urine) to clear Heart-Heat and
abdomen, a bitter taste and sticky sensation in the benefit the movement of Damp-Heat .
;r should mouth, thirst with no desire for drinks, and consti- 3. For persistence of Damp-Heat in the Lower
.ency and pation . The tongue body is red with a yellow and Burner leading to damage to Kidney Yin, mani-
,f Damp- greasy coating at the root ; the pulse is rapid . festing as dry mouth and throat, tidal fever,
and Liver night sweating, a sensation of heat in the palms
ly Excess Treatment principle
Clear Heat and benefit the movement of Dampness, and soles, and a bare, red tongue body, Ba Zheng
) bear up- San Jia Jian (Eight Corrections Powder, with
litation of and free urination .
modifications) can be replaced by Zi Shen Tong
. Qi trans- Prescription Guan Wan (Pill for Enriching the Kidneys and
BA ZHENG SAN JIA JIAN Opening the Gate) with the addition of Sheng
ith acute Eight Corrections Powder, with modifications Di Huang {Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae) 10g,
abdomen,
h a sensa- Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) 6g CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 1 Og and Niu Xi
s red with CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 1 Og, wrapped (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) 10g to enrich
gating ; the Bian Xu (Herba Polygoni Avicularis) 20g Kidney Yin and clear Damp-Heat to reinforce
:iency pat- Qu Mai (Herba Dianthi) I Og Qi transformation .
t, a luster- Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) 1 Og
i, reduced Hua Shi* (Talcum) 1 Og, wrapped SPLEEN QI FAILING TO BEAR UPWARD
:al fatigue, Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 6g
'he tongue Da Huang (Radix- et Rhizoma Rhei) 10g, added 10 Main symptoms and signs
he pulse is minutes before the end of the decoction process A sensation of sagging and distension in the lower
abdomen, a desire to urinate without urination
ate cancer occurring, or scant and inhibited urination, mental
Explanation
bile basing fatigue, poor appetite, shortness of breath, and a
. Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi), Che low faint voice . The tongue body is pale with a thin
Excess. For Qian Zi (Semen Plantaginis), Bian Xu (Herba
should be coating; the pulse is thready and weak .
Polygon Avicularis), Qu Mai (Herba Dianthi),
g stasis and and Hua Shi$ (Talcum) clear Damp-Heat by Treatment principle
activities of
prom oting urination . Bear the clear upward and the turbid downward,
ciency pat- Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) clears transform Qi and benefit the movement of water .
e based on
Heat from the Triple Burner through urination .
s and rein- Prescription
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) harmonizes the
he goal of BU ZHONG YI QI TANG JIA JIAN
properties of the other ingredients and allevi-
)ntaneously. Decoction for Supplementing the Middle Burner
.fferentiated ates pain . 4
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) clears Heat and Augmenting Qi, with modifications
-pleen, Kid-
:ing or pro- through the stool. HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) 15g
criminately.

Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 30g
Hu Po Fent (Succinum, powdered) 3g, infused in the
prepared decoction
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) 10g
Jiao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried) IOg
Jiao ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried) 1Og
Jiao Mai Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
scorch-fried) 10g
Wang Bu Liu Xing (Semen Vaccariae Segetalis) 1 Og
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g
Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) I Og
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 1 Og
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) 15g
Explanation
• Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) and Shan
Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) fortify the
Spleen and supplement Qi; when combined with
Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) and Chai Hu
(Radix Bupleuri), they raise Spleen Yang.
• Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) and Wang Bu
L u Xing (Semen Vaccariae Segetalis) regulate Qi
and Blood.
• Hu Po Fen$ (Succinum, powdered), Jiao Shan Zha
(Fructus Crataegi, scorch-fried), Jiao Shen Qu
(Massa Fermentata, scorch-fried), and Jiao Mai
Ya (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris Germinatus,
scorch-fried) disperse accumulation and relieve
abdominal fullness.
• Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) regulates
Qi to aid digestion and enhances the effect of
the other ingredients in bearing Qi upward .
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey) augments Spleen Qi and harmonizes the
properties of the other ingredients .
DEBILITATION OF KIDNEY YANG
Main symptoms and signs
Urinary stoppage or dribbling urination, reduced
forcefulness when voiding urine, a bright white
facial complexion, timidity of Spirit Qi, aversion to
cold, and coldness, aching and limpness in the lower
back and knees with lack of strength . The tongue
body is pale with a white coating ; the pulse is deep
and thready with a weak cubit (chi) pulse .
Treatment principle
Warm Kidney Yang and augment Qi, supplement
the Kidneys and promote urination .
Prescription
JIN GUI SHEN QI WAN JIA JIAN
Golden Coffer Kidney Qi Pill, with modifications
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita) 20g
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) 30g
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) 20g
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) 10g
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) 1Og
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) 15g
Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) 6g-
Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis) 1 Og
Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) 15g
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) 15g
Explanation
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae
Conquita) nourishes the Blood and enriches
Kidney Yin .
• Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae) and
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis) sup-
plement the Liver and Kidneys and fortify the
Spleen.
• Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos), Ze Xie (Rhi-
zoma Alismatis Orientalis) and Ma Dan Pi
(Cortex Moutan Radicis) percolate Dampness
and fortify the Spleen, free urination and clear
Liver-Heat .
Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis) and
Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) supple-
ment Kidney Yang, dissipate Cold, and free the
channels and network vessels.
• Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) and Che
Qian Zi (Semen Plantaginis) promote urination
and percolate Dampness .
LIVER DEPRESSION AND QI STAGNATION
Main symptoms and signs
Emotional depression or irritability and irascibility,
urinary stoppage or inhibited urination, distension
and fullness in the hypochondrium and abdomen .


PROSTATE CANCER 543

The tongue body is red with a thin or thin and yel- ACUPUNCTURE
pplement low coating, the pulse is wiry.
Acupuncture is only used as a supporting therapy in
Treatment principle the treatment of prostate cancer with points on
Dredge and regulate the functional activities of Qi, the Spleen and Kidney channels or local points
free urination. such as CV-4 Guanyuan, CV-3 Zhongji,
CV-6 Qihai, ST-36 Zusanli, ST-25 Tianshu, and
ications Prescription SP-6 Sanyinjiao.
CHEN XIANG SAN JIA JIAN
sae
Aquilaria Powder, with modifications Technique : Apply the reinforcing and reducing
method alternately. Retain the needles for 20-30
30g Chen Xiang (Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum) 6g minutes . Treat once a day.
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 1 Og
)g Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) log
INTEGRATION OF CHINESE MEDICINE
Wang Bu Liu Xing (Semen Vaccariae Segetalis) I Og
IN TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR THE
Shi Wei (Folium Pyrrosiae) log
MANAGEMENT OF PROSTATE CANCER
Tian Kui Zi (Tuber Semiaquilegiae) 1 Og
I log Hua Shil (Talcum) log Prostate cancer confined to the gland itself is gen-
g
erally treated by surgery or radiation therapy ; how-
Explanation: ever, the likelihood of these treatments causing
• Chen Xiang (Lignum Aquilanae Resinatum), Chen impotence and incontinence means that many
Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Dang Gui patients, especially older men with slow-growing
Glutinosae (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), and Wang Bu Liu
I enriches tumors, refuse these types of treatment . The role of
Xing (Semen Vaccariae Segetalis) regulate Qi
TCM in postoperative recovery is discussed in
and Blood and disperse swelling.
ositae) and Chapter 3 . The prescriptions detailed above can be
• Shi Wei (Folium Pyrrosiae) and Hua Ship (Talcum)
nalis) sup- used to accompany Western drugs administered to
dear Heat from the Bladder and promote urination .
fortify the control tumor development .
• Tian Kui Zi (Tuber Semiaquilegiae) disperses
Radiotherapy is also used when prostate cancer
swelling and relieves Toxicity.
,e Xie (RI-ii- has spread locally. Where metastatic prostate cancer
fu Dan Pi Modifications has reached an advanced stage, hormone treatment
Dampness 1 . If this prescription is not strong enough to is usually preferred to orchidectomy (both proce-
a and clear re ate Qi, it can be combined with Liu Mo dures have similar effects in reducing testosterone
Tang (Six Milled Ingredients Decoction) . levels) .
ainalis) and 2. For Liver Depression transforming into Fire, The main side-effects of radiation therapy for
ae) supple- add Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae) 6g prostate cancer are radiation cystitis and proctitis,
nd free the and Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis) log these are discussed in detail in Chapter 4 .
to clear Fire.
ae) and Che
to urination
Note
The following doctors kindly allowed theiikclinical ex- Gu Zhendong, Chief Doctor, Affiliated Hospital of
;NATION perience and case histories to be used in this chapter : Shandong TCM University
Zhang Daizhao, Professor, Sino Japanese Friendship Liao Jinbiao, Chief Doctor, Jiangxi Provincial People's
Hospital, Beijing Hospital
I irascibility, Wang Jinhong, Professor, Nanjing TCM University
Liu Weisheng, Chief Doctor, Guangdong Provincial
:, distension Zheng Sunmo, Chief Doctor, Fuzhou TCM Hospital
TCM Hospital
3 abdomen .
544 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Shi Yulin, Chief Doctor, Third TCM Hospital of Bao-
ding, Hebei Province
Sun Guizhi, Chief Doctor, Guang'anmen TCM Hospital,
Academy of TCM
1 . Ma Boting et al ., Bai He Gu fin Tang fia Wei Zhi Liao
Yin Xu Nei Re Xing Fei Ai 38 Li Ji Qi Liao Xiao Gun
Cha [Study of the Immediate Effect of Supplemented
Bai He Gu fin Tang (Lily Bulb Decoction for Con-
solidating Metal) in the Treatment of 38 Cases of
Lung Cancer Caused by Yin Deficiency due to Inter-
nal Heat], Hei Long Jiang Zhong Yi Yao [Heilongjiang
Journal of TCM] (1982) .
2. Shen Weisheng et al ., Qing Zao Jiu Fei Tang Jia Jian Zhi
Liao Fang She Xing Fei Sun Hai 32 LZ [32 Cases of
Lung Damage due to Radiation Treated with Modi-
fied Qing Zao Jiu Fei Tang (Decoction for Clearing
Dryness and Rescuing the Lungs)], Zhong Guo Shi Yan
Fang Ji Xue Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Experimental
Yu Rencun, Chief Doctor, Beijing TCM Hospital
Zhang Mengnong, Professor, Hubei •TCM College
Sun Bingyan, Researcher, Beijing Tumor Institute of In-
tegrated TCM and Western Medicine
Traditional Medicine Formulae] 7, 5 (2001) : 49 .
3 . Wang Yusheng et al ., Zhong Yao Yao Li Yu Ying Yong
[Pharmacology and Application of Chinese Materia
Medica] (Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House,
1998), 146
4. Wang Xiaotao et al., Zhong Yao Pao Zhi Zhi Du Zeng
Xiao Lun [Discussion of the Increased Effectiveness
of Different Preparations of Chinese Materia Medica],
Zhong Guo Zhong Yao Za Zhi Uournal of Chinese Ma
teria Medica] 24, 3 (1999) : 146-8 .
5 . Zhang Daizhao, Zhang Dai Zhao Zhi Ai Jing Yan Ji Yao
[A Collection of Zhang Daizhao's Experiences in the
Treatment of Cancer] (Beijing : China Medicine and
Pharmaceutical Publishing House, 2001),159 .
 Appendices

49 .
r Ying Yong
se Materia
ing House,

'hi Du Zeng Less common materia medica

fectiveness
ria Medical, used n treating cancer
hinese Ma-

Yan ji Yao
nces in the
2. TCM formulae used in
°dicine and
.59 . treating cancer
3 . Selective glossary
TCM terms used
 Less common materia medica
used in treating cancer
This appendix provides a brief outline of less common materia medica referred to in this book for use in the man-
agement of cancer . These materia medica are not included in Chinese Materia Medica: Combinations and Applications by
Xu Li and Wang Wei, which has been taken as the standard reference for the more common materia medica . 1
A Wei (Asafoetida)
Properties : bitter, acrid, warm .
Channels entered : Liver, Spleen, Stomach .
Functions : disperses accumulation, kills Worms and
relieves Toxicity .
Indications : abdominal masses, malaria, Worm accu-
mulation, distension and pain in the stomach and ab-
domen, and dysentery .
Common dosage: 0.9-1 .5g (used as pills or powder,
not as a decoction) .
Ba Yue Zha (Fructus Akebiae)
Properties : bitter, neutral .
Channels entered : Liver, Stomach .
Functions : dredges the Liver, harmonizes the Stomach,
regulates Qi, and alleviates pain .
Indications: pain in the hypochondrium, indigestion,
dysentery with mucus or purulent discharge, pain in the
lower back, pain in Shan (hernial) disorders, painful
menstruation, scrofula, breast cancer, and tumors in the
digestive tract.
Common dosage : 6-12g.
Bai Mu Er (Tremella)
Properties : sweet, bland, neutral .
Channels entered : Lung, Stomach .
Functions : enriches Yin, moistens the Lungs and aug-
ments Qi .
Indications: taxation cough, Lung Wei syndrome,
expectoration of blood, blood-streaked phlegm, flood-
ing and spotting, constipation, high blood pressure, and
Deficiency and weakness after a prolonged illness .
Common dosage : 3-9g.
Bai Qu Cai (Herba Chelidonii)
Properties : bitter, cool, toxic .
Channels entered : Spleen, Stomach, Lung, Large
Intestine .
Functions : settles pain, stops coughing, promotes uri-
nation, and relieves Toxicity .
Indications : pain in the stomach and abdomen, dysen-
tery, chronic bronchitis, jaundice, and ascites due to
cirrhosis .
Common dosage : 1 .5-6g.
Cautions : clinical use of a large dosage of this herb can
cause dizziness, headache, cold sweats, nausea, lethargy,
and a reduction in blood pressure .
Anti-cancer ingredients : chelidonine, sanguinarine,
protopine, and ukrain .
Bai Ying (Herba Solani Lyrati)
Properties : bitter, neutral, slightly toxic .
Channels entered : Liver, Stomach .
Functions : clears Heat and benefits the movement of
Dampness, relieves Toxicity and disperses swelling, and
has anti-cancer properties .
Indications : fever due to the common cold,
Damp-Heat jaundice, cholecystitis, cancers of the diges-
tive tract, cervical erosion, and white vaginal discharge .
548 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Common dosage : 9-30g .
Cautions : contraindicated for patients with constitu-
tional Deficiency without Damp-Heat . Large dosages
can result in a sensation of scorching heat in the throat,
nausea, vomiting, and dizziness .
Ban Maot (Mylabris)
Properties : acrid, cold, toxic .
Channels entered: Liver, Large Intestine, Small Intestine .
Functions : attacks Toxins and erodes sores, breaks up
Blood stasis and dissipates lumps .
Indications: non-healing abscesses and sores, scrofula,
amenorrhea due to Blood stasis, focal distension .
Common dosage : 0.03-0 .06g .
Cautions: this substance is very toxic and should only
be administered in extremely small doses ; it is highly
irritant to the skin and must not be used long-term .
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae Barbatae)
Properties : acrid, bitter, cold .
Channels entered: Lung, Liver, Kidney .
Functions : clears Heat, relieves Toxicity, transforms
Blood stasis, and promotes urination .
Indications : clove sores, abscesses, swollen and painful
throat, knocks and falls, edema, jaundice, and cancers of
the liver, esophagus, stomach, and uterus .
Common dosage: dried: 15-30g fresh : 30-60g.
Cautions : long-term use can cause damage to the liver
and kidneys .
Anti-cancer ingredients : polysaccharides (SPS4) .
BiBa (Fructus Piperis Longi)
Properties : acrid, hot .
Channels entered: Stomach, Large Intestine .
Functions : warms the Middle Burner, dissipates Cold
and alleviates pain .
Indications: vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea
due to Deficiency-Cold .
Common dosage : 2-5g.
Cautions : contraindicated for DeficAncv-Heat or
Excess-Heat .
Chang Chun Hua (Herbs Catharanthi Rosei)
Properties : slightly bitter, cool, toxic .
Channels entered: Liver, Kidney.
Functions : calms the Liver and subdues Yang, quiets
the Spirit and promotes urination .
Indications : chorioepithelioma, lymphoma, leukemia,
cancers of the breast, ovary, testis and liver, and malig-
nant melanoma .
Common dosage : 6-15g.
Cautions : this herb may cause local stimulation and
peripheral nerve damage, reduction in the WBC and
platelet count, nausea, hair loss, and lack of strength .
Changes in peripheral blood values must be monitored
closely during treatment . Contraindicated for patients
with bone marrow suppression and cachexia .
Chuan Shan Long (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Nipponicae
Properties: bitter, neutral .
Channels entered : Spleen, Lung.
Functions : dispels Wind, invigorates the Blood, allevi-
ates and disperses pain.
Indications : Wind-Cold-Damp Bi syndrome, spasms,
acute suppurative arthritis, chronic bronchitis, malaria,
and tvroma .
Common dosage : 9-15g.
Ci Wu Jia (Radix Acanthopanacis Senticosi)
Properties : acrid, slightly bitter, warm .
Channels entered : Spleen, Kidney, Heart .
Functions : augments Qi, fortifies the Spleen and sup-
plements the Kidneys, quiets the Spirit, dispels Wind,
and eliminates Dampness .
Indications : Yang Deficiency of the Spleen and Kid-
neys, limpness and aching in the lower back and knees,
pain in the sinews and bones, lack of strength, insomnia,
profuse dreaming, and chronic bronchitis in the elderly .
Common dosage : 10-30g.
Anti-cancer ingredient: isofraxidin .
Da Hui Mang (Fructus Anisi Stellati)
Alternative name : Ba Jiao Hui Xiang
Properties : acrid, sweet, warm .
Channels entered: Spleen, Kidney .
Functions : warms the Middle Burner, regulates i and
alleviates pain.


APPENDIX 1 549

Indications: vomiting due to Stomach-Cold, reduced Middle Burner, percolates Dampness, and stops diar-
appetite, distension and pain in the stomach and abdo- rhea .
ing, quiets
men, Cold Shan (hernial) disorders, pain in the lower Indications : indigestion, vomiting and diarrhea due to
back due to Kidney deficiency, and dry and damp leg Damp-Heat, and inhibited urination .
leukemia, Qi .
and malig- Common dosage : 10-20g.
Common dosage : 3-6g.
GuiJian Yu (Lignum Suberalatum Euonymi)
elation and Dai Dai Hua (Flos Citri Aurantii) Properties : bitter, cold .
WBC and Properties: sweet, slightly bitter, neutral. Channel entered : Liver.
.f strength. Channels entered: Spleen, Stomach . Functions : breaks up Blood stasis, dispels Wind, and
monitored Functions : regulates Qi, loosens the chest and in- kills Worms .
or patients creases the appetite . Indications : menstrual block, abdominal masses, ab-
Indications : oppression in the chest, nausea, distension dominal pain due to Blood stasis postpartum or Worm
and pain in the stomach, no desire for food . accumulation, joint pain due to Wind-Damp, knocks
,ponicae) Common dosage : 6-15g . and falls, and swelling and pain due to Blood stasis .
Common dosage : 4 .5-9g.
Dao Dou Zi (Semen Canavaliae) Cautions : contraindicated during pregnancy.
.ood, allevi- Properties : sweet, warm .
Channels entered : Stomach, Kidney.
Ha Mat (Rana Temporaria)
ne, spasms, Functions : warms the Middle Burner, causes Qi to de-
Properties : acrid, cool, toxic .
tis, malaria, scend, and boosts the Kidneys .
Channel entered : Liver.
Indications: hiccoughs due to Deficiency-Cold, vom-
iting, abdominal distension, and pain in the lower back Functions : breaks up abdominal masses and lumps,
due to Kidney Deficiency. transforms Toxicity, kills Worms, and alleviates pain .
Common dosage: 4.5-9g in a decoction . Indications : severe boils, genital ulcers, carbuncles on
the back, accumulations, and malignant tumors .
Precautions : contraindicated for patients with exuber-
ant Stomach-Heat. Common dosage: one or two pieces .
Anti-cancer ingredient: concanavalin A . Cautions : overdosage may induce regurgitation of food,
en and sup- vomiting, and reduced appetite .
spels Wind,
Fan Bai Cao (Herba Potentillae Discoloris) Hei Mu Er (Exidia Plana)
:n and Kid-
Properties : bitter, sweet, neutral . Properties : salty, cool .
- and knees,
Channels entered : Stomach, Large Intestine . Channels entered : Lung, Kidney.
th, insomnia,
the elderly . Functions : clears Heat and relieves Toxicity, cools the Functions: nourishes the Lungs and enriches the Kid-
Blood and stops bleeding . neys .
Indications : enteritis, dysentery, malaria, Lung abscess, Indications : cough due to Deficiency taxation .
expectoration and vomiting of blood, nosebleed, blood
Common dosage : 1-3 pieces .
in the stool, flooding and spotting, and scrofula .
Common dosage : 9-15g.
Hong Dou Kou .(Fructus Alpiniae Galangae)
Properties: acrid, warm.
Gao Liang Mi (Sorghum Vulgate) ~' Channels entered: Spleen, Stomach .
Properties: sweet, neutral . Functions : warms the Middle Burner and dissipates
elates Qi and Channels entered : Spleen, Stomach . Cold, moves Qi and alleviates pain, arouses the Spleen
Functions : fortifies the Spleen, supplements the and disperses food accumulation .
550 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Indications : stomach pain due to Stomach-Cold, vom-
iting, acid regurgitation, indigestion, abdominal pain,
and diarrhea .
Common dosage : 3-9g.
Hu Tao Ye (Folium Juglandis Regiae
Properties : bitter, astringent, neutral .
Channels entered: Lung, Kidney .
Functions: supplements the Kidneys and astringes the
Essence.
Indications : white vaginal discharge, esophageal cancer .
Common dosage : 60g to prepare a decoction for
boiling 3 eggs .
Hua Jiao Shu Zhi (Ramulus Zanthoxyli)
Properties : acrid, hot .
Channels entered : Spleen, Stomach, Kidney .
Functions: dispels Wind, dissipates Cold, dries Damp-
ness, and kills Worms.
Indications : Cold accumulation, leg Qi due to
Cold-Damp, scabies, contact dermatitis .
Common dosage: 5g
Hua Sheng Yi (Testa Arachidis)
Properties: sweet, slightly bitter, astringent, neutral .
Channel entered: Liver .
Functions: stops bleeding.
Indications : primary and secondary thrombocytopenic
purpura, hemorrhage from the liver, postoperative
bleeding, hemorrhage due to cancer, and all other types
of bleeding. Hua Sbeng Yi (Testa Arachidis), peanut skin,
is 50 times more effective than the nut itself .
Common dosage : 3-6g, more effective raw than
stir-fried .
HuangJiu (Vinum Aureum)
Properties : sweet, bitter, acrid, warm.
Channels entered : Heart, Liver, Lung, StomaP .
Functions : frees the Blood vessels and vanquishes
Cold.
Indications : cold and pain in the Heart and abdomen,
Bi syndrome pain due to Wind-Cold, spasms of the
sinews and vessels .
Common dosage : 15-30m1.
Ji Xing Zi (Semen Impatientis Balsaminae)
Properties : slightly bitter, acrid, warm, slightly toxic .
Channels entered: Lung, Liver, Kidney .
Functions : invigorates the Blood, frees menstruation,
softens hardness and disperses accumulation .
Indications : menstrual block, accumulations and
lumps, benign and malignant tumors .
Common dosage : 6-9g.
Caution : contraindicated during pregnancy .
flao Gu Lan (Gynostemma Pentaphyllum)
Properties : bitter, cold.
Channels entered: Lung, Kidney.
Functions: disperses inflammation and relieves Toxic-
ity, dispels Phlegm and stops coughing, supplements
Deficiency, consolidates the Essence, and inhibits de-
bility.
Indications: cough with expectoration of phlegm,
wheezing due to chronic bronchitis, dream emission
due to Kidney Deficiency.
Common dosage : 10-30g in a decoction, 3-6g as a
powder.
Jing Mi (Oryza Sativa)
Properties : sweet, neutral.
Channel entered : Spleen .
Functions : fortifies the Spleen and harmonizes the
Stomach, warms the Middle Burner and regulates Qi,
eliminates thirst and stops diarrhea .
Indications: acid regurgitation, hiccoughs or diarrhea
and inhibited urination due to Spleen and Stomach De-
ficiency ; irritability, thirst and dry mouth in various
cancers .
Common dosage : 15-20g.
flu Xiang Chongl (Aspongopus)
Properties : salty, warm.
Channels entered: Liver, Kidney .
Functions : regulates Qi and alleviates pain, warms the
Middle Burner and strengthens Yang .
Indications : Qi stagnation, distension and oppression
in the stomach, depletion and Deficiency of the Spleen
and Kidneys, limpness and aching in the lower back and
knees, lack of strength, impotence .

Common dosage : 3-6g.
Ju Ruo (Tuber Amorphophalli)
istruation, Property: sweet, sour, neutral .
Channel entered: Spleen, Lung, Stomach .
ions and Functions : increases the appetite, regulates Qi, allevi-
ates thirst, moistens the Lungs .
Indications : oppression in the chest, food stagnation,
thirst, and damage to the stomach due to alcohol .
Common dosage : 30-60g .
Juan Bai (Herba Selaginellae)
Properties : acrid, neutral.
ves Toxic- Channel entered: Liver .
pplements Functions : invigorates the Blood and dispels Blood
ihibits de- stasis when used raw ; stops bleeding when carbonized .
Indications : menstrual block, masses and accumula-
f phlegm, tions, knocks and falls ; when carbonized, vomiting of
i emission blood, nosebleed, blood in the stool and urine, and
flooding and spotting.
3-6g as a Dosage: 6-12g.
Cautions : contraindicated during pregnancy .
Lang Du (Radix Euphorbiae Fischerianae)
Properties : acrid, bitter, neutral, slightly toxic .
Channels entered : Liver, Spleen.
onizes the
Functions : expels water, dispels Phlegm, dissipates
gulates Qi,
lumps, alleviates pain, and kills Worms .
Indications : edema, abdominal distension, Worm ac-
or diarrhea
cumulation, accumulation of Phlegm, and hiccoughs .
omach De-
in various Common dosage : 1 .0-2 .5g.
Cautions : overdosage can cause scorching pain in the
mouth, tongue and throat, dribbling, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain and diarrhea, and, in severe cases, coma,
respiratory difficulties and death . Long-term use can
cause damage to the liver . This herb should not be
taken in large dosages or for long periods . When used
in combination with Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
and Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae), there is less likeli-
warms the hood of damage to the liver and kidneys .
oppression UV XiaoHua (Flos Campsitis)
the Spleen Properties: acrid, sour, cold .
er back and
Channels entered: Liver, Pericardium.
APPENDIX 1 551
Functions : cools the Blood, breaks up Blood stasis,
and dispels Wind.
Indications : menstrual block due to Blood stasis,
painful menstruation, abdominal masses, itchy skin due
to Blood-Heat .
Common dosage: 3-9g.
Cautions : This herb should be used with care for
patients with a tendency to bleed easily and during preg-
nancy.
LongKui (Herba Solani Nigri)
Properties : bitter, cold, slightly toxic .
Channels entered : Liver, Stomach .
Functions : clears Heat and relieves Toxicity, dissipates
lumps and disperses swelling, promotes urination, and
has anti-cancer properties .
Indications : swollen abscesses, clove sores, erysipelas,
knocks and falls, edema, and inhibited urination .
Common dosage : 10-30g.
Cautions : large dosages can reduce WBC and induce
aversion to cold and night sweating.
Anti-cancer ingredients: solanine, vitamins A and C .
Lu Xian Cao (Herba Pyrolae)
Properties : sweet, bitter, cold.
Channels entered: Liver, Kidney .
Functions : dispels Wind, eliminates Dampness, sup-
plements the Kidneys, and stops bleeding.
Indications : Wind-Damp Bi syndrome pain, pain in
the lower back due to Kidney Deficiency, expectoration
of blood in tuberculosis, nosebleeds, profuse menstrua-
tion, enteritis, and dysentery.
Common dosage : 6-15g.
Ma Bian Cao (Herba cum Radice Verbenae)
Properties : bitter, cold .
Channels entered: Liver, Spleen .
Functions : dears Heat and relieves Toxicity, promotes
the movement of water and disperses swelling, invigorates
the Blood and dissipates Blood stasis, and kills Worms .
Indications : fever due to the common cold, malaria,
Damp-Heat jaundice, ascites due to cirrhosis, acute ne-
phritis, dysentery, limp and aching joints, menstrual
block, and abdominal masses .
552 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Common dosage : 15-30g.
Mao Zhao Cao (Tuber Ranunculi Ternati)
Properties : bitter, cold .
Channels entered : Liver, Spleen .
Functions : clears Heat, promotes the movement of
water and disperses swelling, breaks up Blood stasis,
and kill Worms .
Indications : common cold, malaria, Damp-Heat jaun-
dice, ascites due to cirrhosis, dysentery, limp and aching
joints, menstrual block .
Common dosage: 15-30g
Mei Hua (Flos Pruni Mume)
Properties : sweet, slightly bitter, warm .
Channels entered: Liver, Spleen.
Functions : soothes the Liver and regulates Qi, harmo-
nizes the Blood and regulates menstruation .
Indications : oppression in the chest, distension and
pain in the stomach and hypochondrium, vomiting and
expectoration of blood, menstrual irregularities, red and
white vaginal discharge, dysentery, and stasis and pain
due to knock and falls .
Common dosage: 3-6g .
Meng Chongl (Tabanus)
Properties : bitter, slightly cold, toxic .
Channel entered: Liver.
Functions : expels static Blood, disperses abdominal
masses, and dissipates lumps .
Indications : menstrual block, abdominal masses due to
Cold or Heat, and pain due to Blood stasis caused by
knocks and falls .
Common dosage : 1 .5-3g.
Cautions : contraindicated during pregnancy .
Mi Cu (Acetum Oryzae)
Properties : sour, bitter, warm .
Channels entered : Liver, Stomach .
Functions : dissipates stasis, stops bleeding, relieves
Toxicity, and kills Worms .
Indications : pain in the Heart and abdomen, jaundice,
dysentery, Worm accumulation, vomiting of blood,
blood in the stool, and food poisoning .
Common dosage : 15-30m1 .
Nao Shat (Sal Ammoniacum)
Properties : salty; bitter, acrid, warm, slightly toxic .
Channels entered : Liver, Spleen, Stomach .
Functions : disperses accumulations and softens hard-
ness, breaks up Blood stasis and dissipates lumps,
transforms Phlegm.
Indications : abdominal masses, stomach reflux,
Phlegm-Fluids, throat Bi syndrome, menstrual block,
polyps, warts, clove sores, scrofula, and painful swell-
ings and boils .
Common dosage : 0 .1-0 .3g.
Cautions : not suitable for long-term use; contraindi-
cated for patients with a weak constitution and liver
disease, those without exuberant pathogenic factors,
and during pregnancy.
NuoDao Gen (Rhizoma et Radix Oryzae Glutinosae)
Properties : sweet, neutral .
Channels entered : Liver, Kidney, Lung .
Functions : constrains sweating and abates Deficiency
fever .
Indications : spontaneous sweating due to Qi Defi-
ciency, night sweating due to Yin Deficiency, fever due
to Yin Deficiency .
Common dosage : 15-45g .
Qi Caol (Vermiculus Holotrichiae
Properties : salty, warm, toxic .
Channel entered : Liver.
Functions : invigorates the Blood, moves Blood stasis,
and relieves Toxicity .
Indications : abdominal masses and accumulations,
pain due to Blood stasis, menstrual block, tetanus, and
throat Bi syndrome .
Common dosage : 1 .5-6g .
Qing Guo (Fructus Canarii AN)
Properties : sweet, astringent, acrid, neutral .
Channels entered : Lung, Stomach .
Functions : clears the Lungs and benefits the throat,
generates Body Fluids, and relieves alcohol and seafood
poisoning.
Indications : swollen and painful throat, irritability,
thirst and cough .
Common dosage : 9-15g .
 APPENDIX 1 553

San Ke Zhen (Radix Berberidis) disperses swelling and dissipates lumps .

Properties : bitter, cold. Indications : edema, difficult urination, constipation,
Channel entered : Liver. abdominal distension and fullness, and painful swell-
Functions : clears Heat and dries Dampness, drains ings .
3 C.
Fire and relieves Toxicity . Common dosage : 3-9g .
Indications : bacterial dysentery, gastroenteritis, jaun- Cautions: this is a toxic herb with a drastic effect ;
dice, ascites due to cirrhosis, urinary tract infection, usage is normally restricted to severe cases requiring
:ens hard- acute nephritis, and tonsillitis. purgation .
-s lumps, Common dosage : 9-15g.
She Mei(Herba Duchesneae)
h reflux, Shan Cha Hua (Flos Camelliae Japonicae) Properties : sweet, bitter, cold, slightly toxic .
ual block, Properties : sweet, slightly acrid, cool . Channels entered : Liver, Stomach, Lung.
iful swell- Channels entered : Liver, Stomach, Large Intestine. Functions : clears Heat, relieves Toxicity and dissipates
Functions : cools the Blood, stops bleeding and dissi- lumps .
pates Blood stasis. Indications : colds and fever, cough, high fever in chil-
:ontraindi- Indications : vomiting of blood, nosebleed, flooding dren, swollen and painful throat, diphtheria, dysentery,
and liver and spotting, blood in the stools, and bloody dysentery . and cancer.
is factors, Common dosage : 3-9g. Common dosage : 15-20g.
Cautions : this herb should be used with care for
patients with Spleen and Stomach Deficiency-Cold . Shi Da Gong Lao Ye (Folium Mahoniae)
itinosae Properties : bitter, cool .
Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu) Channels entered : Liver, Kidney, Lung, Large Intestine .
Properties : sweet, slightly acrid, cold, slightly toxic . Functions : enriches Yin and abates Deficiency-Heat .
Deficiency Channels entered : Liver, Spleen. Indications : expectoration of blood due to pulmonary
Functions : disperses swelling and dissipates lumps, consumption, steaming bone disorder, tidal fever, lack
Qi Defi- transforms Phlegm and relieves Toxicity . of strength in the lower back and knees, dizziness, tin-
fever due Indications : swollen abscesses, clove sores, scrofula, nitus, irritability, and red eyes .
poisonous snake bites, esophageal cancer, lymphoma, Common dosage : 9-30g .
and leukemia. Anti-cancer ingredients : isotetrandrine, berberine,
Common dosage : 3-6g. palmatine, jatrorrhizine .
Cautions : this herb should be used with care for
patients with a weak constitution . Shi Di (Calyx Diospyri Kaki)
Properties : bitter, astringent, neutral.
Shan Hai Luo (Radix Codonopsitis Lanceolatae) Channels entered: Lung, . Stomach .
ood stasis, Properties : sweet, neutral . Functions : bears counterflow Qi downward and stops
Channels entered : Lung, Spleen . vomiting.
mulations, Functions : nourish Yin and moisten the Lungs, sup- Indications: belching and vomiting due to Stomach-
:tanus, and plement Deficiency and promote lactation, expel pus Heat, hiccoughs and vomiting due to Stomach-Cold .
and relieve Toxicity . Common dosage : 6-12g.
Indications : cough due to Yin Deficiency, weak con-
stitution due to a prolonged illness, insufficient breast Shijian Chuan (Herba Salviae Chinensis)
milk, vaginal discharge due to Spleen Deficiency, Lung Properties : bitter, acrid, neutral .
and Intestinal abscesses . Channels entered : Liver, Stomach .
Common dosage: 15-30g. Functions: bears counterflow Qi downward, relieves
the throat, Toxicity and dissipates lumps, invigorates the Blood,
nd seafood ShangLu (Radix Phytolaccae) alleviates pain, and stops vaginal discharge .
Properties: bitter, cold, toxic . Indications : acute and chronic hepatitis, nephritis,
irritability, Channels entered : Bladder, Kidney, Spleen, Large painful menstruation, white vaginal discharge, scrofula,
Intestine . and dysphagia.
Functions : drains downward and expels water, Common dosage: 15-30g.
554 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Shi Shang Bai (Herba Selaginellae Doederleinii
Properties : bitter, acrid, cold, neutral .
Channels entered: Liver, Lung.
Functions : dispels Wind, clears Heat, benefits the
movement of Dampness, and has anti-cancer proper-
ties.
Indications : cough due to Lung-Heat, swollen and
painful throat, Damp-Heat jaundice, cholecystitis, and
urinary tract infection .
Common dosage : 15-30g.
Shui Hong Hun Zi (Fructus Polygoni
Properties: salty, slightly cold .
Channels entered : Liver, Stomach .
Functions : breaks up Blood stasis, promotes urination,
fortifies the Spleen, and dissipates lumps .
Indications: hepatosplenomegaly, ascites due to cir-
rhosis, indigestion, abdominal pain and distension,
scrofula, and cancer .
Common dosage: 6-9g.
Cautions: this herb should be used with care for
patients with a weak constitution and those who hem-
orrhage easily .
Si Gua Luo (Fasciculus Vascularis Luffae)
Properties : sweet, neutral.
Channels entered : Lung, Stomach, Liver .
Functions: dispels Wind and frees the network vessels,
relieves Toxicity, and transforms Phlegm .
Indications : oppression and pain in the chest and
hypochondrium, Wind-Damp Bi syndrome, cough with
profuse phlegm, and abscesses and sores .
Common dosage : 6-15g .
Song Zi Ren (Semen Pini)
Properties : sweet, warm .
Channels entered : Liver, Lung, Large Intestine .
Functions : enriches Body Fluids, extinguishes Wind,
moistens the Lungs, and lubricates the Intestines .
Indications: Wind Bi syndrome, joint pain, dizziness,
coughing and expectoration of blood due to
Lung-Dryness, and constipation .
Common dosage : 4 .5-9g.
Tan Xiang (Lignum Santali Albi)
Properties : acrid, warm, aromatic .
Channels entered: Lung, Spleen, Stomach .
Functions : regulates Qi in the Middle Burner, dissi-
pates Cold and alleviates pain .
Indications : pain in the chest, stomach and abdomen
due to Qi stagnation and Cold congealing, pain due to
Stomach-Cold, and vomiting of clear water .
Common dosage : 3-10g .
Cautions : contraindicated in cases of effulgent Yin
Deficiency-Fire .
Teng Li Gen (Radix Actinidiae Chinensis)
Properties: sweet, acrid, cold.
Channels entered: Stomach, Kidney .
Functions : relieves Heat, stops thirst, and frees Lin
syndrome .
Indications : irritability due to Heat, wasting and
thirsting, poor appetite, and jaundice.
Common dosage: 30-60g.
Cautions : this herb may cause dizziness, palpitations,
and discomfort in the upper abdomen .
Tian Kui Zi (Tuber Semiaquilegiae)
Properties : sweet, bitter, cold, slightly toxic.
Channels entered : Liver, Kidney.
Functions : clears Heat and relieves Toxicity, disperses
swelling and dissipates lumps, and promotes urination .
Indications : swollen abscesses, clove sores, scrofula,
turbid Lin syndrome, swelling and pain due to knocks
and falls, and snake bites .
Common dosage : 6-15g .
Cautions : this herb should be used with care for
patients with Spleen and Stomach Deficiency-Cold and
loose stools, and during pregnancy .
Tou Gu Cao (Herba Speranskiae seu
Impatientis)
Properties: acrid, bitter, warm.
Channels entered: Liver, Kidney.
Functions : dispels Wind, soothes the sinews, elim-
inates Dampness, invigorates the Blood, and alleviates
pain .
Indications : Wind-Damp Bi syndrome pain, inhibited
bending and stretching, menstrual block, leg Qi due to
Cold-Damp .
Common dosage : 6-9g.
Tu Bei Mu (Tuber Bolbostemmatis)
Properties : bitter, slightly cold .
Channels entered: Lung, Spleen.
Functions: clears Heat and relieves Toxicity, dissipates
lumps and disperses swelling.
Indications : nasopharyngeal, esophageal, breast, and
colon cancer.
Common dosage : 3-9g .

in due to Wu Zhao Long (Herba Humuli Scandentis)
Properties: bitter, acrid, cool .
Channel entered : Lung.
gent Yin Functions : Clears Heat and relieves Toxicity .
Indications : infantile convulsions due to high tem-
perature, fever and cough due to contraction of external
pathogenic factors, swollen and sore throat, dysentery,
and malaria.
Common dosage : 9-30g.
frees Lin
Xi Shu (Fructus seu Radix Camptothecae
sting and Properties : bitter, cold, toxic .
Channels entered : Stomach, Liver .
Functions : clears Heat, breaks up Blood stasis, kills
alpitations, Worms, and has anti-cancer properties .
Indications : stomach, colorectal, liver and bladder
cancers and leukemia.
Common dosage: 9-15g for the root, 3-9g for the
fruit.
Cautions : this herb may cause frequent and urgent
7, disperses urination, nausea, vomiting, and hair loss, and may
urination.
inhibit hematopoiesis . It is contraindicated for patients
s, scrofula,
with impaired renal function and during pregnancy .
to knocks
Xiang Cai (Herba cum Radice Coriandri)
Properties : acrid, warm .
h care for Channels entered : Lung, Stomach .
:y-Cold and
Functions : induces sweating and vents papules, forti-
fies the Spleen and disperses food accumulation .
Indications : measles at the initial stage, fever without
sweating, stomach pain due to indigestion .
Common dosage : 9-15g .
Xuan Fu Geng (Caulis et Folium Inulae)
news, elim- Properties : bitter, acrid, salty, slightly warm .
nd alleviates
Channels entered: Lung, Large Intestine .
Functions : transforms Phlegm and stops coughing, bene-
in, inhibited fits the movement of water and eliminates Dampness.
;g Qi due to Indications: cough with profuse phlegm, edema, pain
due to Phlegm-Fluids .
Common dosage : 6-12g .
Xuan Jing Shi $ ( Selenitum)
Properties : bitter, cold.
Channels entered : Lung, Stomach, Kidney,}
ity, dissipates Functions : clears Heat, bears Fire downward and dis-
pels Phlegm .
Indications : fever, irritability and thirst in febrile dis-
, breast, and
eases, Phlegm due to accumulated Heat in the Lungs
and Stomach, and red eyes.
APPENDIX 1 555
Common dosage: 9-15g.
XueJian Chou (Herba Galii)
Properties : bitter, astringent, neutral .
Channel entered: Liver .
Functions : clears Heat and benefits the movement of
Dampness, stops dysentery and stops bleeding .
Indications : diarhe,ysnt Gadiores,vm-g
iting of blood, nosebleed, blood in the urine and stools,
and uterine bleeding.
Common dosage : 15-30g .
Ye Qiao Mai (Radix et Rhizoma Fagopyri Cymosi)
Properties : sweet, astringent, slightly bitter, cold .
Channels entered: Lung, Spleen.
Functions : clears Heat and relieves Toxicity, clears the
Lungs and transforms Blood stasis, and dispels
Wind-Damp .
Indications : Lung abscess, boils, scrofula, swollen and
sore throat, painful menstruation, dysentery, inhibited
movement of the hand and foot joints, limpness and
aching of the sinews and bones .
Common dosage : 15-30g.
Yue Ji Hua (Flos et Fructus Rosae Chinensis)
Properties : sweet, warm .
Channel entered: Liver.
Functions : invigorates the Blood, regulates menstrua-
tion, and disperses swelling.
Indications: scant menstruation, amenorrhea, oppres-
sion in the chest, abdominal pain, scrofula and goiter .
Common dosage : 3-6g.
Cautions: overuse may cause diarrhea in patients with
Spleen and Stomach Deficiency ; contraindicated during
pregnancy.
Zhang Nao (Camphora)
Properties: acrid, hot, toxic.
Channels entered: Heart, Spleen .
Functions : opens the orifices and repels turbidity, dis-
pels Wind-Damp and kills Worms .
Indications : loss of consciousness, delirium, scabies,
and tinea.
Common dosage : 0 .1-0 .2g.
Cautions: extreme care should be exercised when
administered internally; contraindicated in cases of Qi
Deficiency and during pregnancy .
ZhongJie Feng (Ramulus et Folium Sarcandrae)
Properties : bitter, acrid, slightly warm.
Channels entered: Liver, Large Intestine .
Functions : clears Heat and relieves Toxicity, dispels
Wind and eliminates Dampness, invigorates the Blood
and alleviates pain .
Indications : cancers of the pancreas, stomach, colon,
liver and esophagus, acute leukemia, pneumonia, bacte-
rial dysentery, Wind-Damp Bi syndrome pain .
Common dosage : 6-16g.
Caution: Contraindicated during pregnancy for patients
with effulgent Yin Deficiency-Fire .
Zhu Ji Suit (Medulla Suis Spinae)
Properties : Sweet, cold.
Channel entered: Kidney .
Functions : enriches Yin and augments bone marrow .
Indications : fever and irritability due to steaming bone
disorder, wasting and thirsting, and seminal emission .
Common dosage : 5-10g .
Zi Nao Sha * (Sal Ammoniacum Purpureum)
Properties : salty, bitter, acrid, warm, toxic .
1 . Xu Li and Wang Wei, Chinese Materia Medica: Com-
binations and App&ations, London : Donica Publishing,
2002.
Channels' entered : Liver, Spleen, Stomach .
Functions : disperses accumulations and softens hard-
ness, breaks up Blood stasis and dissipates lumps .
Indications : abdominal masses, stomach reflux, throat
Bi syndrome, menstrual block, polyps, warts, clove
sores, scrofula, and painful swellings and boils .
Common dosage : 0 .1-0 .3g.
Cautions : not suitable for long-term use ; contraindi-
cated for patients with a weak constitution and liver
disease, those without exuberant pathogenic factors,
and during pregnancy.
Zi SW Ying$ (Amethystum seu Fluoritum)
Properties : sweet, warm .
Channels entered: Heart, Liver .
Functions : settles the Heart and quiets the Spirit,
warms the Lungs and bears Qi downward, warms the
Uterus.
Indications : palpitations, insomnia, disquieted Heart
and Spirit, coughing and wheezing due to Lung Defi-
ciency, profuse vaginal discharge, and infertility .
Common dosage : 6-15g
tens hard- TCM formulae used in
ips .

treating cancer
tux, throat
.rts, clove

:ontraindi-
and liver
is factors,

Thin appendix lists the ingredients of patent medicines or formulae referred to by name only in the text . The
ingredients of formulae used in pattern identification are detailed under the pattern involved (see index for page
numbers) .
the Spirit,
A Wei Ruan Jian Gao (Asafetida Paste for Softening Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey)
warms the
Hardness) Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
A Wei (Asafoetida) Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae)
:ted Heart
Zhi Wo Niu$ (Eulata, mix-fried with honey)
Sung Def-
Zhe Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii) Bai He Gu fin Tang (Lily Bulb Decoction for
ty. Peng Shat (Borax) Consolidating Metal)
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae) Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
Jiang Cant (Bombyx Batryticatus) Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita)
Dan Nan Xing$ (Pulvis Arisaematis cum Felle Bovis) Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici)
Xiong Huang* (Realgar) Bai He (Bulbus T .ilii)
Bing Pian (Borneolum) Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
An Gong Niu Huang Wan (Peaceful Palace Bovine Chuan Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae)
Bezoar Pill) Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Niu Huang# (Calculus Bovis) Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis)
Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae) Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori)
Shui Niu Jiaot (Cornu Bubali)
Bai Tou Weng Tang(Pulsatilla Root Decoction)
Zhu Sha* (Cinnabaris)
Bai Tou Weng (Radix Pulsatillae Chinensis)
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis)
Qin Pi (Cortex Fraxini)
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis)
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis)
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri)
Xiong Huang* (Realgar)
Zhen Zhu$ (Margarita) Bao Yuan Tang (Origin-Preserving Decoction)
Bing Pian (Borneolum) Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng)
She Xiang* (Secretio Moschi) Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae)
Ba Zhen Tang (Eight Treasure Decoction) HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedvsari)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Bie Jia Jian Wan (Turtle Shell Decocted Pill)
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong Bie Jia* (Carapax Amydae Sinensis)
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) She Gan (Rhizoma Belamcandae Chinensis)
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita) HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae) Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) Shu Fu$ (Armadillidium)
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) Can Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis)
558 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei)
WY'u Yao (Radix Linderae Strychnifoliae)
Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae)
Ting Li Zi (Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae)
Shi Id"ei (Folium Pvrrosiae)
Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis)
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis)
Ou Mai (Herba Dianthi)
Zing Xiao Hua (Flos Campsitis)
Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae)
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
Tu Bie Chongl (Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga)
F Jiaot (Gelatinum Corii Asini)
Feng Fangt (Nidus Vespae)
Xiao Shzt (Nitrum)
Qiang Langt (Catharsius)
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae)
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Wan [Tang] (Pill [Decoction] for
Supplementing the Middle Burner and Augment-
ing Qi)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Huang Qi (Radix Astragali seu Hedvsari)
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae)
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)
Chai Hit (Radix Bupleuri)
Gait Cao (Radix Glvcyrrhizae)
Chai Hu Shu Gan San (Bupleurum Powder for
Dredging the Liver)
Cbao Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, stir-fried)
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri)
Cbuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong)
Xiatag Fit (Rhizoma Cvperi Rotundi)
Chao Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii, stir-fried)
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycvrrhizae)
Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao San (Tea-Blended
Sichuan Lovage Powder)
(boon kiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong)
Jing Jie (Herba Schizonepetae Tenuifoliae~
Bai Zhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae)
Oiang Hue (Rhizoma et Radix Notopteiygii)
Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cvperi Rotundi)
Fang Fen g (Radix Ledebouriellae Divaricatae)
Bo He (Herba Menthae Haplocalvcis)
Gan Cao (Radix Glvcvrrhizae)
Da Bu Yin Wan (Major Yin Supplementation Pill)
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri)
Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis)
Shu Di Hating (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita)
Gui Bant (Plastrum Testudinis)
Da Bu Yuan Jian (Major Origin-Supplementing Brew)
Ben Shen (Radix Ginseng)
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae)
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita)
Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis)
Gou Oi Zi (Fructus Lvcii)
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glvcyrrhizae, mix-fried with hone}
Da Chai Hu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction)
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri)
Hating Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata)
Zhi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii)
.Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei)
Sbeng Jiaszg (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae)
Da Huang Xiao Shi Tang (Rhubarb and Niter
Decoction)
Da Hating (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei)
lluatag Bai (Cortex Phellodendri)
Xiao Shut (Nitrum Depuratum)
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis)
Da Huang Zhe Chong Wan (Rhubarb and Wing-
less Cockroach Pill)
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei)
Shu Di Hating (Radix Rehmanniac Glutinosae Conquita)
Zing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae)
HuangOin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
Shui Zhit (Hirudo seu Whitmania)
Gan Qi (Lacca Exsiccata)
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae)
Gan Cao (Radix Glvcvrrhizae)
Ta Bie Charm (Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga)
Dan Huang You (Egg Yolk Oil)
Ji Zi Huan gt (Vitellus Galli)
Zhi IVu You (Oleum Vegetale)
Dan Shen Pian (Red Sage Root Tablet)
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae)

)n Pill) San Qi (Radix Notoginseng)
Bing Pian (Borneolum)
s)
Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang (Chinese Angelica Root
;onquita)
Decoction for Supplementing the Blood)
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
g Brew) Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Dang Gui Si Ni Tang (Chinese Angelica Root
Counterflow Cold Decoction)
:onquita)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae)
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
Xi Xin* (Herba cum Radice Asari)
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey)
)ney)
Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi)
:oction) Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae)
Dao Chi San (Powder for Guiding Out Reddish
Urine)
)arata)
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
Mu Tong* (Caulis Mutong)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Dan Zhu Ye (Herba Lophatheri Gracilis)
:tens)
Note : In those countries where it is illegal to include Mu
Tong* (Caulis Mutong) in a prescription, Tong Cao (Medulla
Niter Tetrapanacis Papyriferi) will normally be substituted .
Di Yu Huai Jiao Wan (Sanguisorba and Pagoda T
Flower Powder)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong)
Chao Bai Sbao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae, stir-fried)
and Wing- Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis)
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)
Conquita) Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri)
Chao Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis, stir-fried)
L1anQiao (Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae)
Di Yu (Radix Sanguisorbae Officinalis)
Huai Jiao (Fructus Sophorae Japonicae)
Fang Feng (Radix Ledebouriellae Divaricatae)
Jing Jie (Herba Schizonepetae Tenuifoliae)
Zhi Ke (Fructus Cirri Aurantii)
Qian Cao Gen (Radix Rubiae Cordifoliae)
• Bai Ye (Cacumen Biotae Orientalis)
• Shen (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos cum Ligno Hospite)
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 3 Nu Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi)
DingXiang Shi Di San (Clove and Persimmon
Calyx Powder)
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
APPENDIX 2 559
Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae)
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)
Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Tematae)
Chao Gao Liang Jiang (Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinari,
stir-fried)
Ding Xiang (Flos Caryophylli)
Shi Di (Calyx Diospyri Kaki)
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang (Pubescent Angelica Root
and Mistletoe Decoction)
Du Huo (Radix Angelicae Pubescentis)
Sang Ji Sheng (Ramulus Loranthi)
Qin Jiao (Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae)
Fang Feng (Radix Ledebouriellae Divaricatae)
Xi Xin* (Herba cum Radice Asari)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong)
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis)
Huai Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae)
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
Gui Xin (Cortex Rasus Cinnamomi Cassiae)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
• Chen Tang (Two Matured Ingredients
Decoction)
Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Tematae)
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae)
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Er Man Wen Shen Tang (Two Immortals Decoc-
tion for Warming the Kidneys)
Xian Mao (Rhizoma Curculiginis Orchioidis)
Yin Yang Huo (Herba Epimedii)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Ba fi Tian (Radix Morindae Officinalis)
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri)
Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis)
• Zhi Wan (Double Supreme Pill)
Han Lian Cao (Herba Ecliptae Prostratae)
• Yuan Huo Xue Tang (Decoction for Restoring
the Origin and Invigorating the Blood)
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri)

560 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Chuan Shan Jia* (Squama Manitis Pentadactylae)
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei)
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae)
Fu Zheng Jie Du Chong Ji (Soluble Granules for
Supporting Vital Qi and Relieving Toxicity)
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita
Jin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae)
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis)
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici)
Shi Hu* (Herba Dendrobii)
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)
Ji Nei Jin$ (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli)
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis)
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii)
Nil Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi)
• Zi Li Zhong Wan [Tang] (Aconite Pill [Decoc-
tion] for Regulating the Middle Burner)
Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng)
Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis)
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
• Zz* (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli Praeparata)
Gan Mai Da Zao Tang (Licorice, Wheat and Chi-
nese Date Decoction)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
• Xiao Mai (Fructus Tritici Aestivi Levis)
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae)
• Gen Qin Lian Tang (Kudzu Vine, Scutellaria
and Coptis Decoction)
Ge Gen (Radix Puerariae)
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
• Ma Zhu Yu Tang (Decoction for Epelling
Stasis from Below the Diaphragm)
Fu Ling Zh.4 (Excrementum Trogopteri)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong)
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae)
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis)
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra)
Wu Yao (Radix Linderae Strychnifoliae)
Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi)
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii)
Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii)
Gui Pi Tang (Spleen-Returning Decoction)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
Fu Shen (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos cum Ligno Hospite)
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
Long Yan Rou (Arillus Euphoriae Longanae)
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
Suan Zao Ren (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae)
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae)
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
honey)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Yuan Zhi (Radix Polygalae)
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae)
He Che Da Zao Wan (Placenta Great Creation Pill)
Zi He Chef (Placenta Hominis)
Gui Ban* (Plastrum Testudinis)
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri)
Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis)
Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae)
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
Tian Men Dong (Radix Asparagi Cochinchinensis)
Mai Men Don,g (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici)
Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng)
He Rong San Jian Wan (Pill for Harmonizing
Nourishment and Dissipating Hardness)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita)
Fu Shen (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos cum Ligno Hospite)
Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi)
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
Ju Hong (Pars Rubra Epicarpii Citri Erythrocarpae)
Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae)
Tian Nan Xing (Rhizoma Arisaematis)
Suan Zao Ren (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae)
Yuan Zhi (Radix Polygalae)
Bai Zi Ren (Semen Biotae Orientalis)
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis)
Duan Long Chit (Dens Draconis Calcinatum)
Lu Hui* (Herba Aloes)
 APPENDIX 2 561

Chen Xiang (Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum) Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong)
Zhu Sha* (Cinnabaris) Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae)
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae)
Hou Po San Wu Tang (Magnolia Bark Three Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii)
Agents Decoction)
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) Huang Lian Shang Qing Wan (Coptis Pill for
Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) Clearing the Upper Body)
Zhi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii) Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei)
Note : In this formula, the dosage of Hou Po (Cortex HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)
lospite) Magnoliae Officinalis) is larger than that of Da Huang Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis)
(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) ; otherwise it is known as Xiao LianQiao (Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae)
ChengQi Tang (Minor Qi-Sustaining Decoction) . Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong)
Jing Jie Sui (Spica Schizonepetae Tenuifoliae)
Hua Du Pian (Tablet for Transforming Toxicity)
Shi Gao1(Gypsum Fibrosum)
Hu Pot (Succinum)
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis)
-ied with Di Ru Sbi (Stalactitum Tubiforme)
Bo He (Herba Menthae Haplocalycis)
Gan Lan (Fructus Canarii Albi) Ju Hua (Flos Chrysanthemi Morifolii)
Zhen Zhu$ (Margarita)
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori)
She Xiang* (Secretio Moschi)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
;ens Bing Pian (Borneolum)
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri)
Niu Huang$ (Calculus Bovis) Bai Zhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae)
Deng Xin Cao Hui (Medulla Junci Effusi Carbonisata) Xuan Fu Hua (Flos In»lne)
.tion Pill) Hua Jian Ye [Tang] (Liquid [Decoction] for Fang Feng (Radix Ledebouriellae Divaricatae)
Transforming Hardness) Man Jing Zi (Fructus Viticis)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) Huang Lian Wen Dan Tang (Coptis Decoction for
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) Warming the Gallbladder)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis)
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae)
Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi) hen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)
Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi) Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
Zhi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii) Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
monizing Jiang Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae cum Zhu Ku (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis)
Zingibere Praeparatum) Zhi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii)
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae)
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii) Huang Qi Jian Zhong Tang (Astragalus Decoc-
ta)
Hospite) E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) tion for Fortifying the Middle Burner)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae)
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey)
Hua Yu ShengJi Fen (Powder for Transforming Blood Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae)
e) Stasis and Generating Flesh) Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
rpae) Zhen Zhu$ (Margarita) Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
Lu Gan Shl (Calamina) Yi Tang (Saccharum Granorum)
Sheng Long Gut (Os Draconis Crudum) HuangQi (Radix Astragals seu Hedysari)
Bing Pian (Borneolum)

Hua Yu Wan [Tang] (Pill [Decoction] for Trans- Jia Wei Xi Huang Wan (Augmented Western
forming Depression) Bovine Bezoar Pill)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) Zhu Sha* (Cinnabaris)
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita) Ken Gong Niu Huang (Calculus Bovis Syntheticus)
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) She Xiang* (Secretio Moschi)

562 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Ru Xiang (Gummi Olibanum)
Mo Yao (Myrrha)
San Qi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng)
Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu)
Hai Ma* (Hippocampus)
Yi Yi Ken (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi)
Sha Ren (Fructus Amomi)
Ji Nei Jint (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli)
Note : These ingredients are sometimes ground into a
fine powder and encapsulated ; the preparation is then
known as Jia Wei Xi Huang Jiao Nang (Augmented
Western Bovine Bezoar Capsule)
Jia Wei Xiao Yao San (Augmented Free Wan-
derer Powder)
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey)
Chao Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis, stir-fried)
Chao Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae, stir-fried)
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
Chao Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,
stir-fried)
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri)
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis)
Chao Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis, stir-fried)
fin Gui Shen Qi Wan (Golden Coffer Kidney Qi
Pill)
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita)
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae)
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis)
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis)
Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae)
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis)
Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae)
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
[in Ling Zi San (Sichuan Chinaberry Powder)
Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Meliae Toosendan)
Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis Yanhusuo)
Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang (Tangerine Peel and Bamboo
Shavings Decoction)
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)
Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis)
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae)
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
Kun Bu Wan (Kelp Pill)
Kun Bu (Thallus Laminariae seu Eckloniae)
Hai Zao (Herba Sargassi)
Xuan Jing Shl (Selenitum)
• Xiaoo (Mirabilitum Non-Purum)
Liu Huang: (Sulphur)
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)
Qing Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride)
Wu Ling Zhil (Excrementum Trogopteri)
Liang Ge San (Powder for Cooling the Diaphragm)
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei)
Mang Xiaol (Mirabilitum)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis)
Bo He (Herba Menthae Haplocalycis)
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)
LianQiao (Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae)
Dan Zhu Ye (Herba Lophatheri Gracilis)
Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang (Poria, Cinnamon Twig,
White Atractylodes and Licorice Decoction)
• Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, stir-fried)
Liu Mo Tang (Six Milled Ingredients Decoction)
Bing Lang* (Semen Arecae Catechu)
Chen Xiang (Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum)
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae)
Wu Yao (Radix Linderae Strychnifoliae)
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei)
Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii)
Liu Wei Di Huang Wan [Tang]
(Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill [Decoction])
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita)
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis)
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis)
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae
• Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis)
Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang (Ephedra, Apricot Kernel,
Gypsum and Licorice Decoction)
Ma Huang* (Herba Ephedrae)
Xing Ken (Semen Pruni Armeniacae)
Shi Gaol (Gypsum Fibrosum)
Gan Coo (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Mai Men Dong Tang (Ophiopogon Decoction)
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici)

Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Tematae)
Dang Sben (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Jing Mi (Oryza Sativa)
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae)
Mai We! Di Huang Wan (Ophiopogon and Reh-
mannia Pill)
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita)
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis)
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae)
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis)
Fu Zing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis)
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici)
Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae)
Nuan Gan Jian (Liver-Warming Brew)
)n Twig, Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii)
Chen Xiang (Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum)
Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae)
Wu Yao (Radix Linderae Strychnifoliae)
Xiao Hui Xiang (Fructus Foeniculi Vulgaris)
Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae)
on) ShengJiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
Po Jie San (Powder for Breaking Up Lumps)
Hai Zao (Herba Sargassi)
Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae)
Hai Ge Ke4 (Concha Meretrecis seu Cyclinae
Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi)
Kun Bu (Thallus Laminariae seu Eckloniae)
ll) Hua Ship (Talcum)
. .onquita) Song Luo (Folium Usneae)
Mai YaQu (Massa Fermentata Hordei Vulgaris)
Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae)
Qiang Huo Sheng Shi Tang (Notopterygium
Decoction for Overcoming Dampness)
Qiang Huo (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii)
)t Kernel, Du Huo (Radix Angelicae Pubescentis)
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey)
Gao Ben (Rhizoma et Radix Ligustici)
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong)
Fang Feng (Radix Ledebouriellae Divaricatae) j
Man Jing Zi (Fructus Viticis)
:tion) QingE Wan (Young Maid Pill)
Hu Tao Ren (Semen Juglandis Regiae)
APPENDIX 2 563
Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae Corylifoliae)
Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis)
Qing Gan Jie Yu Tang (Decoction for Clearing the
Liver and Relieving Depression)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong)
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)
Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae)
Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae)
Fu Shen (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos cum Ligno Hospite)
Qing Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride)
Yuan Zhi (Radix Polygalae)
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori)
Zi Su Ye (Folium Perillae Frutescentis)
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis)
Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Zhi Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi, mix-fried with
vinegar)
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang (Sweet Wormwood and
Turtle Shell Decoction)
Qing Hao (Herba Artemisiae Chinghao)
Bie Jia* (Carapax Amydae Sinensis)
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis)
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis)
Qing Kai Ling (Efficacious Remedy for Clearing and
Opening)
Niu Huangl (Calculus Bovis)
Shui Niu Jiaol (Cornu Bubali)
Zben Zhu Mut {Concha Margaritifera)
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis)
Ban Lan Gen (Radix Isatidis seu Baphicacanthi)
fin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae)
Qing Lin Wan (Green-Blue Unicorn Pill)
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei)
Qing Zao Jiu Fei Tang (Decoction for Clearing
Dryness and Rescuing the Lungs)
Sang Ye (Folium Mori Albae)
Shi Gao* (Gypsum Fibrosum)
Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Hei Zhi Ma (Semen Sesami Indici)
E Jiaot (Gelatinum Corii Asini)
5
564 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici)
Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae)
Pi Pa Ye (Folium Eriobotrvae Japonicae)
Ren Shen Bai Hu Tang (Ginseng White Tiger
Decoction)
Shi Gao* (Gypsum Fibrosum)
Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis)
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey
Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng)
Ren Shen jian Pi Wan (Ginseng Pill for Fortifying the
Spleen)
Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Cao Dou Kou (Semen Alpiniae Katsumadai)
Zbi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii)
Chao Bai Zbu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,
stir-fried)
Lian Zi (Semen Nelumbinis Nuciferae)
Bai Bian Dou (Semen Dolichoris Lablab)
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)
Qing Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride)
Chao ShenQu (Massa Fermentata, stir-fried)
Gu Ya (Fructus Setariae Italicae Gerrninatus)
Chao Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi, stir-fried)
Cbao Qian Shi (Semen Euryales Ferocis, stir-fried)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae)
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae)
Chao Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi, stir-fried)
Sang Bai Pi Tang (Mulberry Root Bark
Decoction)
Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis)
Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae)
Su Zi (Fructus Perillae Frutescentis)
Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae)
Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae)
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis)
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis)
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
Sha Shen Mai Men Dong Tang (Adeno&hora/
Glehnia and Ophiopogon Decoction)
Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu Adenophorae)
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici)
Yu Zhu (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati)
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Sang Ye (Folium Mori Albae)
Bai Bian Dou (Semen Dolichoris Lablab)
Shen Ling Bai Zhu San (Ginseng, Poria and White
Atractylodes Powder)
Lian Zi (Semen Nelumbinis Nuciferae)
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi)
Sha Ren (Fructus Amomi)
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori)
Bai Bian Dou (Semen Dolichoris Lablab)
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae)
Shen Mao Gua Lou San (Wondrous Effect Tricho
santhes Powder)
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Ru Xiang (Gummi Olibanum)
Mo Yao (Myrrha)
ShengJi Fen (Powder for Generating Flesh)
Chi Shi Zhzt (Halloysitum Rubrum)
Ru Xiang (Gummi Olibanum)
Mo Yao (Myrrha)
Bing Pian (Borneolum)
Peng Shad (Borax)
Duan Long Gut (Os Draconis Calcinatum)
Er Cha (Pasta Acaciae seu Uncariae)
Note : This formula is usually known as ShengJi San.
Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao (jade and Red Paste for
Generating Flesh)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Bai Zhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae)
Bai La= (Cera Alba)
Bing Pian (Borneolum)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Zi Cao (Radix Arnebiae seu Lithospermi)
Xue Jie (Resina Draconis)
Ma You (Oleum Sesami Seminis)
Sheng Mai San (Pulse-Generating Powder)
Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng)
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici)
Wu Wlei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae)
Shi Quan Do Bu Tang (Perfect Major Supplemen-
tation Decoction)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)

Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong)
Bai Sbao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita)
d White Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
Zbi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey)
• Zing (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
Kou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae)
SiJun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction)
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
• Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey
t Tricho- Si Mao Wan (Mysterious Four Pill)
Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri)
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi)
Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis)
Huai Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae)
Tian Man Wan (Heavenly Goddess Pill)
Tian Xian Zi (Semen Hyoscyami)
Tu Si Zi Yin (Dodder Seed Beverage)
Ken Shen (Radix Ginseng)
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Chao Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae, stir-fried)
Suan Zao Ken (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae)
'i San . • Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with
Paste for honey)
Yuan Zhi (Radix Polygalae)
Lar Jiao Shuang (Cornu Cervi Degelatinatum)
Wen Pi Tang (Spleen-Warming Decoction)
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei)
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis)
• Zz* (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli Praeparata)
Wu Ji Bai Feng Wan (Black Chicken #nd White
Phoenix Pill)
Zbi Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi, processed)
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita)
ipplemen- Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
Hai fin Sha (Spora Lygodii Japonici)
APPENDIX 2 565
Ce Bai Ye (Cacumen Biotae Orientalis)
Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong)
Tang Huo (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii)
Fang Feng (Radix Ledebouriellae Divaricatae)
ken Shen (Radix Ginseng)
Sha ken (Fructus Amomi)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Wu Ren Wan (Five Kernels Pill)
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae)
Cbao Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae, stir-fried)
Bai Zi Ken (Semen Biotae Orientalis) -
Song Zi Ren (Semen Pini)
Chao Yu Li Ben (Semen Pruni, stir-fried)
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)
Xi Huang Wan (Rhinoceros Bezoar Pill)
Niu Huang (Calculus Bovis)
Shui Niu Jiaol (Comu Bubali)
Ru Xiang (Gummi Olibanum)
Mo Yao (Myrrha)
SanQi (Radix Notoginseng)
Huang Mi Fan (Semen Setariae Conquitum)
M ang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang (Aucklandia and
Amomum Six Gentlemen Decoction)
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey)
Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae)
Sha Ren (Fructus Amomi)
Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Tematae)
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)
Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum
Decoction)
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri)
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae)
Zbi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey)
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae)
Xiao Ji Yin Zi (Field Thistle Drink)
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
Xiao Ji (Herba Cephalanoploris seu Cirsii)
Hua Shl (Talcum)
Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi)
 566 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Chao Pu Huang (Pollen Typhae, stir-fried)
Dan Zhu Ye (Herba Lophatheri Gracilis)
Ou Jie (Modus Nelumbinis Nuciferae Rhizomatis)
fin Zhi Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis, mix-fried
with alcohol)
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis)
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey)
XiaoJin Dan (Minor Golden Special Pill)
Feng Xiang Zhi (Resina Liquidambaris)
Cao Vu* (Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffi)
Wu Lang Zhil (Excrementum Trogopteri)
Di Longs (Lumbricus)
Mu Bie Zi (Semen Momordicae)
Ru Xiang (Gummi Olibanum)
Mo Yao (Myrrha)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis
She Xiang* (Secretio Moschi)
Xiang Mo (Atramentum)
Nuo Mi Fen (Farina Oryzae Glutinosae)
Xiao Yao San (Free Wanderer Powder)
Chai Hit (Radix Bupleuri)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Bo He (Herba Menthae Haplocalycis)
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens
Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang (Inula and Hematite
Decoction)
Xuan Fu Hua (Flos Inulae)
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens)
Dai Zhe Shzl (Haematitum)
Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix-fried with honey)
Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae)
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi jujubae)
Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang (Decoction for Expelling
Stasis from the House of Blood)
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae)
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii)
Zhi Ke (Fructus Citri Aurantii)
Chi Shao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra)
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori)
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong)
Huai Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae)
Yang He Tang (Harmonious Yang Decoction)
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita)
Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae)
Ma Huang* (Herba Ephedrae)
Lae Jiao Jiaot (Gelatinum Cornu Cervi)
Bai Jie Zi (Semen Sinapis Albae)
Pao Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Praeparata)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
Yang Xue Sheng Fa Jiao Nang (Capsules for
Nourishing the Blood and Promoting Hair
Growth)
Tao Ken (Semen Persicae)
Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati)
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi)
Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae)
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii)
Han Laan Cao (Herba Ecliptae Prostratae)
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita)
Sha Yuan Zi (Semen Astragali Complanati)
Gu Sui Bu (Rhizoma Drynariae)
Ce Bai Ye (Cacumen Biotae Orientalis)
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)
Yu Ping Feng San (jade Screen Powder)
HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
Fang Feng (Radix Ledebouriellae Divaricatae)
Yu Shu Dan (Jade Pivot Special Pill)
Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu)
Qian fin Zi (Semen Euphorbiae Lathyridis)
Jing Da Ji (Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis)
She Xiang* (Secretio Moschi)
Zhu Sha* (Cinnabaris)
Wu Bei Zzt (Galls Rhois Chinensis)
Xiong Huang* (Realgar)
Nuo Mi Fen (Farina Oryzae Glutinosae)
Zeng Ye Cheng Qi Tang (Decoction for
Increasing Body Fluids and Sustaining Qi)
Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis)
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonica)
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae)
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei)
Mang Xiaot (Mirabilitum)
 APPENDIX 2 567

Zhi Bao Dan (Supreme Jewel Special Pill) Han Sbui Shl (Calcitum
Shui Niu Jiaot (Cornu Bubali) Ci Shat (Magnetitum)
Niu Huangt (Calculus Bovis) Hua Shit (Talcum)
Dai Mao* (Carapax Eretmochelydis) Shi Gaot (Gypsum Fibrosum)
ion) Bing Pian (Borneolum) Shui Niu Jiaot (Cornu Bubali)
:onquita) She Xiang* (Secretio Moschi) Ling Yang Jiao* (Cornu Antelopis)
Zhu Sha* (Cinnabaris) Mu Xiang* (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae)
Hu Pot (Succinum) Chen Xiang (Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum)
Xiong Huang* (Realgar) Ding Xiang (Flos Caryophylli)
An Xi Xiangt (Benzoinum) Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis
aarata) Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae)
Zhi Shi Dao Zhi Wan (Immature Bitter Orange Pill Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
For Guiding Out Stagnation) Po Xiaot (Mirabilitum Non-Purum)
for Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) She Xiang* (Secretio Moschi)
r Zbi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii) Zhu Sha* (Cinnabaris)
ShenQu (Massa Fermentata)
Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos) Zuo Gui Yin (Restoring the Left [Kidney Yin] Bev-
HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) erage)
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita)
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae)
Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis) GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii)
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis)
Zi Shen Tong Guan Wan (Pill for Enriching the Chuan Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae
Kidneys and Opening the Gate) Ts Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae)
Conquita) Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) Lu Jiao Jiaot (Gelatinum Cornu Cervi)
Zhi Mu_(Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis) Gui Ban Jiao* (Gelatinum Plastri Testudinis)
Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae)
Zuo fin Wan (Left-Running Metal Pill)
Zi Xue San (Purple Snow Powder) Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis)
Huangjint (Aurum) Wu Zhu Yu (Fructus Evodiae Rutaecarpae)

LC) Notes
Animal, insect and mineral materia medica are
marked with the symbol t.
A small number of the patent medicines and clas-
sical formulae listed above contain ingredients that
may be illegal in certain countries outside China
(marked with *) . Practitioners should always check
the contents of any patent medicines to . ensure that
they comply with the legal requirements of the
country in which they practice .
3. The following prescriptions referred to in the text
are personal formulae, the details of which have
not been released :
Fu Zheng Fang Ai Kou Fu Ye (Oral Liquid for Sup-
porting Vital Qi and Preventing Cancer)
Qing Long Yi Tang Jiang (Walnut Skin Syrup)
Xiao Liu Wan (Tumor-Dispersing Pill)

or
g Qi)
s)
:i)
sae)

It is beyond the scope of this book to explain all the terminology used . We have assumed that readers will already be
familiar with the most common terms used in TCM . The purpose of this glossary is twofold : to explain terms that
may not have been encountered regularly and to provide some background to other terms that may have been
translated differently in other books, thus enabling the concept to be recognized and confusion between terms cir-
cumvented .
Abdominal masses (zheng jia)
Abdominal masses refer to disorders due to lumps
binding and accumulating in the abdomen . They are di-
vided into immovable masses ( .Zheng) and movable
masses Via) . Masses that are immovable, possess a defi-
nite form, and give rise to pain in a fixed location ( .Zheng)
are related to the Zang organs and belong to the Xue
level ; masses that are movable (sometimes forming,
sometimes dissipating), possess no definite form and
give rise to pain without a fixed location (jia) are related
to the Fu organs and belong to the Qi level . According
to Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun : Zheng Jia Bing Zhu Hou [A
General Treatise on the Causes and Symptoms of Dis-
eases : Causes and Symptoms of Diseases Due to Ab-
dominal Masses] : "Zbeng are gradually formed due to
Cold or Warmth causing Qi deficiency in the Zang-Fu
organs, with non-dispersion of food, which accumulates
in the interior. They are often caused by dietary irregu-
larities, debilitation of Stomach Qi, depletion of Spleen
Qi, and Qi stagnation and Blood stasis in the abdo-
men ." In another chapter entitled Jia Bing Hou [Diseases
Due to Jia Masses], it says : "Jia diseases are caused by
excessive Cold or Warmth and non-dispersion of food
contending with Zang Qi to accumulate in the abdo-
men and bind into masses with pain ; these masses
move with Qi ." The Yi Xue Bu Men [Elementary Medi-
cine], published in 1575, states that abdominal masses
are mostly seen in women and accumulations Vi ju) in
men .
Abscesses (gong ju)
A collective term for acute suppurative disorders. Yong
Aµ.
Selective glossary of
TCM terms used
abscesses can be classified into internal and external
types . Internalyong abscesses appear in the Zang-Fu or-
gans, whereas externalyong abscesses appear on the ex-
ternal surface of the body . These abscesses have a large,
shallow surface, do not have a head, and are character-
ized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain . External gong
abscesses do not normally penetrate into the sinews and
bones . They are generally caused by external contrac-
tion of the six excesses, improper diet, external injury
and pathogenic Toxins causing disharmony between the
Ying and Wei levels, the congealing and gathering of
pathogenic Heat, and Qi stagnation and Blood stasis . Ju
abscesses are deep-rooted . Caused by the obstruction
and stagnation of Qi and Blood due to pathogenic
Toxins, they occur in the space between the flesh, sin-
ews and bones . They are now divided into ju abscesses
with heads andju abscesses without heads, although the
latter type was not recognized before the Song Dynasty .
In the initial stage, ju abscesses with heads are the size
of millet grains, itchy and painful and with hard roots;
they subsequently expand in size with an increase in the
amount of pus, turning red and giving a sensation of
scorching heat . Ju abscesses without heads appear deep
in the sinews and bones with diffuse swelling and no
alteration in the color of the skin ; pain can penetrate to
the bones . These abscesses are difficult to disperse, ul-
cerate or close, and may damage the sinews and bones
after ulceration.
Accumulations (ji ju)
A general term for disorders involving lumps, disten-
sion or pain in the abdomen generally caused by
570 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
binding Depression of the seven emotions with Qi
stagnation and Blood stasis, by internal damage due to
improper diet with Phlegm stagnation, or by an imbal-
ance of Cold and Heat with Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) Defi-
ciency and stagnation of pathogenic factors . Accumu-
lated masses (li) are characterized by obvious lumps
with distension and pain in a fixed location and are a
disorder of the Zang organs, whereas shapeless masses
(ju) are characterized by a vague migratory mass with no
fixed location and some distension and are a disorder of
the Fu organs .
Blood in the stool (bian xue)
Refers to bleeding from the anus . Bleeding can be be-
fore the passage of stool, in the stool or after the pas-
sage of stool . The blood can be clear or turbid, bright
or dark . Blood in the stool is mainly caused by accumu-
lation of Damp-Heat in the Intestines, Spleen and
Stomach Deficiency-Cold, insufficiency of Qi in the
Middle Burner, Toxins invading the Intestines and
Stomach, or Wind-Heat invading the Lower Burner and
injuring the Blood vessels .
Clove sore (ding chuang)
Clove sores get their name from the shape of the sore,
which resembles a clove or nail ; these sores are small in
shape with a deep root and are hard like a nail . They are
caused by improper diet, unclean food or externally
contracted Wind pathogenic factors and Fire Toxins ;
they may also erupt due to external injury with contrac-
tion of Toxins . Clove sores often occur on the face and
less frequently on the limbs and trunk. They change
quickly in appearance ; at the initial stage, they are the
size of rice grains with hard roots and white tops . They
subsequently warm up and turn red, gradually swelling
in size and becoming painful . Once the sore ulcerates
and the root is ejected, the swelling disperses and the
pain disappears .
Deficiency patterns (xu zheng)
Deficiency refers to diminished functional activity in
the body due to insufficiency of Qi, Blood, Body Fluids,
or Essence . It manifests as mental listless ess, a dull fa-
cial complexion, fatigue and lack of strength, emaciation,
palpitations and shortness of breath, spontaneous
sweating and night sweating, loose stools and diarrhea,
frequent urination or urinary incontinence, a pale and
enlarged tongue with a crimson coating, and a deficient,
fine and forceless pulse .
Deficiency taxation (xu lao)
This is a general term referring to a variety of chronic
debilitating diseases resulting mainly from depletion of
and damage to the Zang-Fu organs and insufficiency of
Qi, Blood, Yin, and Yang . Taxation results from Defi-
ciency patterns caused by damage to Vital Qi (Zheng
Qi) ; some infectious diseases and disorders also mani-
fest as Deficiency patterns . Taxation may also be caused
by an improper lifestyle, overwork or extreme Defi-
ciency .
Depression (vu zheng)
The term Depression is used to describe disorders
caused by an inability to diffuse and disperse stagnation .
Depression can originate from external contraction of
one or more of the six excesses that cannot be immedi-
ately resolved and dissipated, or from internal damage
by the seven emotions that cannot be dispersed imme-
diately, thus obstructing the functional activities of Qi .
Depression may also be caused by other factors such as
overeating and overwork .
Su Wen [Simple Questions] classified Depression into
Wood Depression (mu yu), Fire Depression (huo yu),
Earth Depression (tu yu), Metal Depression (jin yu) and
Water Depression (shui yu) . In Dan Xi Xin Fa [Danxi's
Experiential Therapy], originally written in the Yuan
dynasty, Depression is categorized into Qi Depression
(qi yu), Blood Depression (xue yu), Damp Depression
(shiyu), Heat Depression (reyu), Phlegm Depression (tan
yu), and food Depression (sbiyu) .
The Excess type of Depression syndrome often in-
cludes Depression binding of Liver Qi, Depressed Qi
transforming into Fire and Depression binding of
Phlegm and Qi ; the Deficiency type of Depression
syndrome often includes damage to the Mind due to
prolonged depression and effulgent Yin Defi-
ciency-Fire.
Early-morning diarrhea (wugengxie)
In the past in China, the night was divided into five pe-
riods or watches . The fifth watch (wu geng) lasted from
4 a .m . to 6 a.m. Early-morning diarrhea refers to diar-
rhea that habitually starts during the fifth watch . It has a
number of causes such as Deficiency of Kidney Yang,
insufficiency of Fire at the Gate of Vitality, failure to
warm and nourish the Spleen and Stomach, and alcohol,
food or Cold accumulation . Apart from diarrhea, it
manifests as abdominal pain, rumbling intestines, and
cold body and limbs .
 APPENDIX 3 571

Effulgent Yin Deficiency-Fire (yin xu huo wang) sweating generally belong to Deficiency patterns,
)f chronic This term refers to exuberance of Deficiency-Fire due whereas irritability and restlessness after sweating are
pletion of to depletion of Yin-Essence . It manifests as irritability Excess patterns . In disorders due to internal damage,
ciency of and restlessness, bad temper, tidal reddening of the face, irritability is generally more pronounced than restless-
:om Defi and dry mouth and sore throat . ness ; this is often the case with effulgent Yin Defi-
~i (Zheng ciency-Fire patterns .
ilso mani- Excess patterns (shi zheng)
be caused Excess patterns result from obstruction and stagnation Lin syndrome (En zheng)
:me Defi- due to external pathogenic factors attacking the body, This syndrome is characterized by urinary urgency, dif-
Phlegm-Fire, Blood stasis, water and Dampness, food ficult and painful urination (often with scorching heat
accumulation or Worm accumulation . They are charac- and a stinging pain), constant dribbling, and frequent
terized by high fever, distension and pain in the abdo- urination with short voidings . It generally results from
disorders men, oppression in the chest, irritability and restlessness, Damp-Heat accumulating in the Bladder accompanied
;tagnation. clouded Spirit and delirious speech, congestion of by Qi stagnation, or from weak constitution with ad-
raction of Phlegm or saliva, constipation, . inhibited urination, a vancing age, Middle Qi fall and poor Qi transformation
e immedi- thick and greasy tongue coating, and a full pulse . due to Kidney Deficiency . Depending on the cause of
al damage the disorder and the nature of other conditions, Lin
sed imme- Fearful throbbing (zheng thong) syndrome can be classified into stone, Blood, Heat, Qi
ties of Qi. A condition characterized by severe palpitations with a and turbid Lin ; other texts also refer to consumption,
)rs such as sensation of fright or uncontrollable palpitations with Phlegm and Summerheat Lin syndromes .
agitation .
_ssion into Phlegm-Fluids (tan yin)
i (huo yu), Focal distension (pi) Phlegm-Fluid patterns are caused by the retention of
Jin yu) and A term referring to disorders with a subjective sensation Body Fluids in the Stomach and Intestines due to
,a [Danxi's of blockage and fullness in the chest and abdomen, but blockage of Qi and the vessels, with water and Qi col-
the Yuan with no sensation of pain under pressure . Shang Han lecting in the chest to form Phlegm . It is characterized
depression Lun : Bian Tai Yang Bing Mai Zheng Bing Zhi [On Cold by emaciation, reduced appetite, rumbling intestines,
Depression Damage : Identification of Taiyang Diseases; Pulse, and loose stools .
session (tan Signs and Treatment] states : "Where disease erupts Phlegm-Fluid patterns are one of the four types of
from Yang but descends and Heat enters, this is binding disorders due to the collection and accumulation of water,
e often in- in the chest Vie xiong) ; where disease erupts from Yin the others being suspended fluids (xuan yin), manifesting
Dressed Qi but descends, this is focal distension (pi) . . . . If patients as distension and fullness in the hypochondrium, and
)inding of experience a sensation of fullness and hardness and cough or dragging pain in the hypochondrium when
Depression there is pain below the heart, this is binding in the chest ; swallowing saliva ; spillage fluids (yi yin), manifesting as
ind due to if patients experience a sensation of fullness without fluid congestion in the muscles and flesh due to Spleen
(in Defi- Deficiency; and propping fluids (Zhiyin), manifesting as
pain, this is focal distension ." Focal distension can be
an excess of fluid accumulating in the chest due to im-
caused by Deficiency of Qi in the Middle Burner, which
pairment of the purifying and downward-bearing func-
thus fails to transport and transform, by accumulation
tions of the Lungs .
of food and Phlegm inhibiting transformation, and by
ito five pe- In more detailed terms, Fluids in the Heart manifest
over-exuberance of Damp-Heat causing Earth to
asted from as fearful throbbing and dizziness, Fluids in the Lungs
overwhelm below the Heart .
ers to diar- as hasty wheezing and cough, Fluids in the Spleen as
:ch . It has a shortness of breath, focal distension and fullness, Fluids
Irritability and restlessness (fan zao)
dney Yang, in the Liver as pain and fullness in the hypochondrium,
Irritability and restlessness indicate patterns manifesting Fluids in the Kidneys as palpitations, Fluids in the
', failure to as agitation and irritability due to retention0of Heat ;
and alcohol, Stomach as fullness in the stomach and thirst and im-
these patterns occur in many types of disorders caused mediate vomiting after drinking, Fluids in the Intestines
diarrhea, it
by internal damage or external pathogenic factors . as a gurgling sound and diarrhea, Fluids in the channels
.stines, and These patterns can be divided into Deficiency, Excess, and network vessels as paralysis moving from one side
Hot and Cold types . Where external pathogenic factors to another, and Fluids in the upper part of the body as
are involved, irritability and restlessness without edema of the face .
 b
572 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Phlegm nodes (tan he)
This term refers to local lumps caused by
Phlegm-Damp accumulation due to Deficiency of the
Spleen, which fails to perform its transportation func-
tion. Phlegm nodes manifest as lumps under the skin
and local redness without any sensation of heat . The
lumps are of varying sizes, neither painful nor hard, and
move when pushed . Phlegm nodes frequently occur in
the neck, jaw, limbs and back . They are often accompa-
nied by Wind-Heat in the upper part of the body and by
Damp-Heat in the lower part of the body .
Qi stagnation (qi zhi)
Qi stagnation occurs when the Qi of the Zang-Fu
organs and the channels and network vessels is ob-
structed and blocked . It can be caused by pathogenic Qi
or Depression binding of the seven emotions, or by a
weak constitution and Qi Deficiency resulting in failure
to move Qi . A variety of symptoms are manifested de-
pending on which organs or channels and vessels are
affected. Qi stagnation in the Spleen manifests as re-
duced appetite and distension, fullness and pain in the
stomach; symptoms of Qi stagnation in the Liver in-
clude transverse counterflow of Liver Qi, pain in the
hypochondrium and anger ; and Qi stagnation in the
Lungs manifests as turbid Lung Qi, copious phlegm,
and coughing and wheezing. Severe Qi stagnation can
cause Blood stasis .
is is ob-
ogenic Qi Bibliography
>, or by a
in failure
fested de-
essels are
sts as re-
ain in the
Liver in-
tin in the
:)n in the
s phlegm,
cation can

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Jin Kui Yao Lire Fang Lun Ben Yi [A Supplement to Synopsis of the Golden Chamber], Wei Litong, 1720
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Li Yue Pian Wen [Rhymed Discourses on External Therapy], Wu Shangxian, 1870
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Ming Yi Zbi Zhang [A Guide to Famous Physicians], Huang Puzhong, Ming
Nan Jing' [Classic on Medical Problems], Qin or Western Han {exact date unknown)
Nei Ke Zhai Yao [A Summary of Internal Diseases], Xue Lizhai, c . 1540
Pi Wei Lun [A Treatise on the Spleen and Stomach], Li Gao, 1249
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625, also known as Bei JiQian Jin Yao Fang
Ren Zhai Zhi Zhi Fang [Direct Indications of Ren Zhai's Formulae], Yang Shiying, Song
Ken Zhai Zhi Zhi Fu Yi Fang [Ren Zhai's Indications with an Appendix on Omitted Formulae],
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Ru Men ShiQin [Confucians' Duties to Their Parents], Zhang Congzheng, 1228
San Yin Fang [Formulae for the Three categories of Etiological Factors], Chen Wuze, 1174
Shang Han Lien [On Cold Diseases], Chang Ji, Eastern Han
Sheng Ji Zong L u [General Collection for Holy Relief], anon ., 1111-1117
Shi Jing [The Diet Classic], Cui Hao, date unknown
Shi Liao Ben Cao [A Dietetic Materia Medica], Meng Man, Tang
Shi Yi Xin Jian [A Revised Mirror for the Dietitian], Zan
Yin, Tang
Su Wen [Simple Questions], part of Huang Di Nei Jing
[The Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic], Warring
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Wai Ke Da Cheng [A Compendium of External Diseases],
Qi Kun, 1665
Wai Ke Jing Yi [The Essence of External Diseases], Qi
Dezhi, 1335
Wai KeQi Xuan [Revelations of the Mystery of External Dis-
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Wai KeQuan Sheng Ji [A Life-Saving Manual of Diagno-
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Weide, 1740
Wai Ke Wen Da [Questions and Answers in External
Diseases], Gao Qiyun, 1517
Wai Ke Zheng Zong [An Orthodox Manual of External
Diseases], Chen Shigong, 1617
Wai Tai Mi Yao [Secrets of a Frontier Official], Wang
Tao, 752
Wei Ji Bao Silo [A Treasury of Relief and Treatment],
Dongxuan Jushi, 1171
Wei Sheng Bao Jian [The Precious Mirror of Hygiene],
Luo Tianyi, 1343
Yan Hou Mai Zheng Tong Lun [A General Treatise on
Pulse Conditions of the Throat], author unknown,
1825
Yang Ke Xin De Ji [A Collection of Experiences in the
Treatment of Sores], Gao Bingjun, 1805
Yang Sheng Yao Ji [Essentials for Preserving Health],
Zhang Zhan, Jin dynasty
Yi Lin Gai Cuo [Corrections of the Errors in Medical
Works], Wang Qingren, 1830
Yi Xue Ku Men [Elementary Medicine], Li Chan, 1575
Yi Xue Tong Zhi [General Principles of Medicine], Ye
Wenling, 1534
Yi Xue Zhong Zhong Can Xi Lu [Records of Traditional
Chinese and Western Medicine Used in Combina-
tion], Zhang Xichun, 1918-1934
Yi Zong Bi Du [Required Readings for Medical Profes-
sionals], Li Zhongzi, 1637
Yi Zong Jin Jian [The Golden Mirror of Medicine], Wu
Qian, 1742
Yin Shan Zheng Yao [Principles of a Correct Diet], Hu
Sihui, 1330
Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing [The ABC Classic of Acupuncture
and Moxibustion], Huangfu Mi, 259
Zheng Zhi Bu Hui [A Supplement to Diagnosis and
Treatment], Li Yongcui, 1687
Zheng Zhi Zion Sheng [Standards of Diagnosis and
Treatment], Wang Kentang, 1602
Zhong Zang Jing [A Storehouse of Chinese Medicine],
Hua Tuo, Eastern Han
Zion Hou Bei Ji Fang [A Handbook of Prescriptions for
Emergencies], Ge Hong, Jin
Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun [A General Treatise on the
Causes and Symptoms of Diseases], Chao Yuanfang,
610
Modern works
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Livingstone, 1995 .
Cao Guangwen, Xian Dai Zhong Liu Sheng Wu Zhi Liao
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jing: People's Military Medicine Publishing Press,
1995 .
Cao Shilong, Zhong Liu Xin Li Lun Ys Xin Ji Sin [New
Theories and Treatments for Tumors], Shanghai :
Shanghai Medical University Press, 1997 .
Huang Lichun, Er Xue Zhen Duan Zhi Liao Xue [Diag-
nosis and Treatment Using Ear Acupuncture], Beijing :
Science and Technology Digest Publishing House,
1991 .
Huang Taikang, Chang Yong Zhong Yao Cheng Fen Ji Yao Li
Shou Ce [A Manual of the Constituents of Commonly
Used Materia Medica and Their Pharmacology], Bei-
jing : China TCM Publishing House, 1994 .
Lang Weijun et al ., KangAi Zhong Yao YiQian Fang [One
Thousand Anti-Cancer Formulae], Beijing : China
TCM Publishing House, 1996.
Li Jiatai, Lin Chuang Yao Li Xue [Clinical Pharmacology],
2nd edition, Beijing : People's Medical Publishing
House, 1998 .
Li Peiwen, Ai Zheng De Zhong Xi yi Zui Xin Dui Ce
[New Cancer Strategies in Chinese and Western
Medicine], Beijing: China TCM Publishing House,
1995 .
Li Peiwen, E Xing Zbong Lin Bing Fa Zheng Shi Yong Liao
Fa [Practical Treatment of Complications of
Malignant Tumors], Beijing: . China TCM Publishing
House, 1993 .
Li Peiwen, E Xing Zhong Liu De Silo Hou Zhi Liao
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jing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2002 .
Li Peiwen, Zhong Xi Yi Lin Chuang Zhong Liu Xue [Clini-
cal Oncology in Chinese and Western Medicine], Bei-
jing: China TCM Publishing House, 1996 .
Li Yan, Zhong Liu Lin Zheng Bei Yao [Essentials of Clini-
cal Pattern Identification of Tumors], 2nd edition,
Beijing : People's Medical Publishing House, 1999 .
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ations of
Publishing

r Zhi Liao
nors], Bei-
02.
Xue [Clini-
icine], Bei-

is of Clini-
id edition,
1 1999.

A Wei (Asafoetida), external application
for cancer pain, 238
A Wei Ruan Jian Gao (Asafetida Paste
for Softening Hardness), 216
Abdominal distension, 24, 36, 37, 40, 56,
70, 78, 104, 177, 303, 354, 491
and fullness, 249, 255, 304, 327
and pain, 172, 328, 365
as complication of stomach cancer,
488
Abdominal masses, 14,193, 360, 365,
366, 515, 519, 523
Abdominal pain, 156, 225-8, 516, 517,
528 -
after radiotherapy for stomach cancer,
491
pattern identification, 225
congealing and stagnation of
pathogenic Cold, 225
Deficiency-Cold of the Spleen and
Stomach, 228
internal obstruction of Damp-Heat,
226
Qi stagnation and Blood stasis, 227
Abdominal respiration method, in
strengthening Qigong, 343
Acaciae seu Uncariae, Pasta, see Er Cha
Accumulated Heat in the Lungs scorch-
ing Body Fluids to form Phlegm,
413
Accumulation
and binding of Heat Toxins, 29, 42,
43
and steaming of Damp-Heat, 244,
249
of Damp-Heat in the Bladder, 540,
541
of fluid in the pericardium or pleural
cavity in lung cancer, 41
of Heat in the Stomach and
Intestines, 152, 326
of Heat Toxins in the Bladder, after
radiotherapy for ovarian cancer,
517
of Phlegm-Damp in the Lungs, 452
of Phlegm-Fluids, 231
of stasis and Toxins, 438
of Toxins in the Lower Burner, 524
Accumulations, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14, 24,
26, 30, 36, 65, 212, 254, 463, 480,
496
Achalasia, 425
Achyranthis Bidentatae, Radix, see Niu
Xi
Acid regurgitation, 14,167, 400, 483
Aconiti Carmichaeli, Radix, see Chuan
Wu
Aconiti Carmichaeli Praeparata, Radix
Lateralis, see Fu Zi
Aconiti Kusnezoffii, Radix, see Cao Wu
Actinidiae Chinensis, Fructus, see Mi
Hou Tao
Acupressure and massage Qigong, 347-
48
indications, 348
methods, 347
notes, 348
posture, 347
Acupuncture
abdominal pain, 226, 227, 228
anorexia, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185
ascites, 306
bladder cancer, 533, 534-35
bone marrow suppression, 90, 91, 92,
97,102
brachial plexus neuralgia, 237
whrdiotoxicity, 139,141,143
cervical cancer, 528
chest pain, 222, 223, 224, 225
colorectal cancer, 506-07
constipation, 327, 328, 330
damage to liver function, 105,108
Index
damage to renal function, 120, 121
dry mouth and tongue, 192,194
esophageal cancer, 428, 429
fever in cancer, 246, 247, 249, 251,
252
hair loss, 203, 204
headache, 217, 218, 219, 220
hemafecia, 285, 286
hematemesis, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283
hematuria, 288, 289
hemoptysis, 274, 275, 276, 277
jaundice, 255, 257, 258, 259, 260
lower back pain, 233, 234, 235, 236
lung cancer, 456, 458-59, 460, 461
menstrual disorders, 312, 313, 314,
317, 321, 323, 324
nasopharyngeal cancer, 415, 416
nausea and vomiting, 162, 163, 164,
165,167
pain after amputation, 237
pain in the hypochondrium, 229, 230,
231,232
phantom limb pain, 237'
pleural effusion, 295, 298, 299
profuse sweating, 265, 266, 267, 268
prostate cancer, 543
radiation cystitis, 147, 149, 150
radiation pneumonitis, 126, 127, 129
radiation proctitis, 153
stomach cancer, 488, 489-90
stump pain, 238
Acupuncture and cupping therapy
damage to liver function, 107
radiation pneumonitis, 128
Acupuncture and moxibustion
anorexia, 180
ascites, 304, 306
cardiotoxicity, 140, 141
constipation, 329, 330, 331
damage to liver function, 106
damage to renal function, 118,119

578 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
dry mouth and, tongue, 195,196
during chemotherapy, 77-78
during radiotherapy, 82-83
early uses for cancer, 5
hematemesis, 283
hematuria, 290, 291
menstrual disorders, 315, 316, 320,
322
nausea and vomiting, 166
pleural effusion, 297
radiation cystitis, 148
radiation pneumonitis, 130
radiation proctitis, 154,155
use after surgery, 61-62
use in treating tumors, 44-47
use in treatment strategies for
radiotherapy and chemotherapy,
preventive measures, 70
Acupuncture points, commonly used,
for augmenting Qi and nourishing
Yin, 46
for clearing Heat and relieving
Toxicity, 47
for invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 46
for moving Qi and alleviating pain,
46-47
for regulating and supplementing the
Spleen and Kidneys, 45
for supplementing the Blood and
raising WBC, 46
for transforming Phlegm, softening
hardness and dissipating lumps,
47
for warming Yang and augmenting
Qi, 45
Acute jaundice, 253, 254, 257-58
Adenocarcinoma of the lung, 454, 462
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 109
Adriamycin®, 72, 462, 466, 495, 520
Advice for the patient in practicing
Qigong, 350
Aflatoxins, as potential carcinogen, 22,
473
Agastaches seu Pogostemi, Herba, see
Huo Xiang
Agrimoniae Pilosae, Herba, see Xian He
Cao
Ailanthi Altissimae, Cortex, see Chum Pi
Akebiae, Fructus, see Ba lire Zha
Alanine transaminase (ALT), 109, 110,
470
Alcohol, as potential carcinogen, 22,
411, 425, 523
Alismatis Orientalis, Rhizoma, see Ze
Xie
Alkylating agents, as potential
carcinogen, 22, 531
Alopecia, 360, 362, 442 ; see also Hair
loss
Alpiniae Oxyphyllae, Fructus, see Yi
Zhi Ren
Alumen, see Ming Fan
Alveolar cell carcinoma, 449
Amenorrhea, 309, 310, 444, 513
Aminoglutethimide and irregular
menstruation, 310, 442
Amomi, Fructus, see Sha Ren
Amomi Kravanh, Fructus, see Bai Don
Kou
Amydae Sinensis, Carapax, see Bie Jia
An Gong Niu Huang Wan (Peaceful
Palace Bovine Bezoar Pill), 112,
257,455
Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis, Rhizoma,
see Zhi Mu
Anemia, 7, 88, 95, 101, 115, 116, 152,
284, 483, 491, 501, 513, 531
and diet therapy, 362, 374, 375, 376,
379, 380, 381, 383, 384, 385,390,
391, 397, 398, 402, 404
as complication of stomach cancer,
488
Angelicae Dahuricae, Radix, see Bai Zhi
Angelicae Pubescentis, Radix, see Du
Huo
Angelicae Sinensis, Radix, see Dang Gui
Angiosarcoma, 271
Anisi Stellati, Fructus, see Da Hui Xiang
Anorexia, 67, 68,177-87 ; see also Loss
of appetite, Poor appetite,
Reduced appetite
clinical observation report, 185
etiology and pathology, 177
damage to the Spleen and Stomach,
177
emotional disturbances, 177
Spleen and Stomach Deficiency,
178
general treatment methods, 178
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 178
collection and stagnation of food
and drink, 180
Dampness encumbering Spleen-
41 Earth, 182
Deficiency of Spleen and Stomach
Yang, 184
external pathogenic factors
invading the Stomach, 178
Liver Qi invading the Stomach,
181
Spleen and Stomach Deficiency
with food stagnation, 183
Anthracyclines, and cardiotoxicity, 137
Aquilariae Resinatum, Lignum, see Chen
Xiang
Arachidis, Testa, see Hua Sheng Yi
Arecae Catechu, Pericarpium, see Da
Fu Pi
Arisaematis cum Felle Bovis, Pulvis, see
Dan Nan Xing
Arnebiae seu Lithospermi, Radix, see Zi
Cao
Aromatic amines, as potential
carcinogen, 22
Arrhythmia, 137, 138, 142, 450
Arsenic, as potential carcinogen, 22,
449
Artemisiae Anomalae, Herba, see Liu ji
Nu
Artemisiae Scopariae, Herba, see Yin
Chen Hao
Asafoetida, see A Wei
Asari, Herba cum Radice, see Xi Xin
Asbestos, as potential carcinogen, 22,
449
Ascites, 20, 21, 36, 41, 104, 257, 303-
308,382,405,473,483,513
as complication of liver cancer, 303,
477
etiology and pathology, 303
external application of materia
medica, 307
in endometrial carcinoma, 303
in gastrointestinal cancer, 303
in ovarian cancer, 303
in pancreatic cancer, 303
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 304
Deficiency of Spleen and Kidney
Yang, 305
depletion of Liver and Kidney Yin,
306
Excess type, 304
Ashi points, commonly used for
clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
47
invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 46
moving Qi and alleviating pain, 46
transforming Phlegm, softening
hardness and dissipating lumps,
47
Asparagi Cochinchinensis, Radix, see
Tian Men Dong
Asparagi Officinalis, Herba, see Lu Sun
Asparagus, use in diet therapy, 363, 400


INDEX 579

:iency Aspartate transaminase (AST), 109 Bai He (Bulbus Tilii) for a decrease in hemoglobin, 89
183 Aspongopus, see Jiu Xiang Chong diet therapy, 357, 362, 372, 394, 396, for cardiotoxicity, 138
city, 137 Astragali Complanati, Semen, see Sha 402 hair loss, 202
, see Chen Yuan Zi radiation pneumonitis, 126 radiation proctitis, 152
Astragali seu Hedysari, Radix, see Bai He Gu jin Tang (Lily Bulb Decoction supplementing Qi and nourishing the
Yi HuangQi for Consolidating Metal), 74, 130, Blood, 33
see Da Astragali seu Hedysari, Radix (mix-fried 190, 275, 454,466, 467, 468 Bai She Iiu Wei Wan (White Snake Six-
with honey), see Zhi HuangQi Bai He Ji Zi Huang Tang (Lily Bulb and Ingredient Pill), 532
'ulvis, see Astragalus, use in diet therapy, 360, 368, Egg Yolk Soup), 362, 372 Bai Shen (Radix Ginseng Alba)
370, 373, 374, 376, 379, 380, 381, Bai He Zhou (Lily Bulb Congee), 362, diet therapy, 360
fix, see Zi 385,390,391 :393,396,398,402, 396, 433, 493 supplementing Qi and nourishing the
403 Bai Hu ChengQi Tang (White Tiger Blood, 33
Asymptomatic increase in transaminase Decoction for Sustaining Qi), 74 Bai Tou Weng (Radix Pulsatillae
levels, 108 Bai Hua She She Cao (Herba Hedyotidis Chinensis)
Atelectasis, 293, 449 Diffusae) clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
:n, 22, Atractylodis, Rhizoma, see Cang Zhu clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity, 43
Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Rhizoma, 43 radiation cystitis, 146
see Liu Ji see Bai Zhu damage to liver function, 104 radiation proctitis, 152
Aucklandiae Lappae, Radix, see Mu skin ulcers in cancer, 336 Bai Tou Weng Tang (Pulsatilla Root
;ee Yin Bai Ji (Rhizoma Bletillae Striatae)
Xiang Decoction), 152, 502
Augmenting Qi and consolidating the for a decrease in the number of Bai Xian Pi (Cortex Dictamni Dasycarpi
platelets, 89
exterior, as treatment principle Radicis), for skin ulcers in cancer,
Xi Xin skin ulcers in cancer, 335
after surgery, 56 336
22, Bai Jiang Cao (Herbs Patriniae cum
Augmenting Qi and relieving Toxicity, Bai Zhi (Radix Angelicas Dahuricae),
Radice)
as treatment principle after surgery, clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity, external application for cancer pain,
7,303- 56 238
13 43
Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis
cer, 303, effect on liver function, 109
Ba Ji Tian (Radix Morindae Officinalis), radiation proctitis, 152 Macrocephalae)
fortifying the Spleen and boosting skin ulcers in cancer, 335 anorexia, 178
the Kidneys, 37 Bai Jie Zi (Semen Sinapis Albae), for damage to renal function, 116
:ria
promotingthe production of transforming Phlegm and effect on liver function, 109
leukocytes and macrophages, 64 dispelling Dampness, 41 fortifying the Spleen and boosting
103
warming the Kidneys and Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae the Kidneys, 37
03
strengthening Yang, 35 Cylindricae) fortifying the Spleen and
Ba Yue Zha (Fructus Akebiae) damage to renal function, 116 harmonizing the Stomach, 36
:eatment dredging the Liver and regulating Qi, postoperative use for nourishing Yin postoperative use for augmenting Qi
39 and generating Body Fluids, 56 and consolidating the exterior, 56
l Kidney softening hardness and dissipating radiation cystitis, 146 radiation cystitis, 146
lumps, 42 Bai Mao Teng Zao Zhou (Climbing radiation proctitis, 152
idney Yin, Ba Zhen San (Eight Treasure Powder), Nightshade and Chinese Date supplementing Qi and nourishing the
524 Congee), 399 Blood, 33
Ba Zhen Tang (Eight Treasure Decoc- Bai Mu Er (Tremella) Bambusae in Taeniis, Caulis, see Zhu Ru
for tion), 48, 55, 90, 220, 259, 260, 505 diet therapy, 357, 358, 359, 360, 363, Ban Bian Lian (Herba Lobeliae
Toxicity, Ba Zheng San (Eight Corrections 372, 374, 384, 388, 394,406,443, Chinensis cum Radice)
Powder), 147, 507, 532, 541 529,536 clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
Back-shu points, for warming Yang and postoperative use for nourishing Yin 43
asis, 46 augmenting Qi, 45 and generating Body Fluids, 56 damage to renal function, 116
gain, 46 Bai Dou Kou (Fructus Amomi Kravanh), BaiQu Cai (Herba Chelidonii), for skin effect on gallbladder function, 109
-lung for dredging the Liver and regul- ulcers in cancer, 335 Ban Lan Gen (Radix Isatidis seu
ng lumps, ating Qi, 39 Bai £hao (Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae) Baphicacanthi)
Bai Er Wu Jia Zhou (Yellow Jelly Fungus anorexia, 178 clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
tdix, see and Acanthopanax Root Congee), bone marrow suppression, 88 43
363,394 damage to liver function, 104 dry mouth, 190
ee Lu Sun Bai Guo (Semen Ginkgo Bilobae), use in enriching Yin and nourishing the Ban Mao (Mylabris), external application
J, 363, 400 diet therapy, 364 Blood, 34 for cancer pain, 238
580 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang (Pinellia,
White Atractylodes and Gastrodia
Decoction), 218
Ban Xia Hou Po Tang (Pinellia and
Magnolia Bark Decoction), 165
Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang (Pinellia Decoc-
tion for Draining the Heart), 281
Ban Zhi Lian (Herba Scutellariae
Barbatae)
clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
43
skin ulcers in cancer, 336
Bao He Wan (Preserving Harmony Pill),
163
Bao Yuan Tang (Origin-Preserving
Decoction), 48, 55, 250
Basic principles for practicing Qigong,
349
Basic principles in the treatment of
cancer with TCM, 29-32
Bei Mu Gua Lou San (Fritillary Bulb and
Trichosanthes Fruit Powder), 427
Bei Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae Littoralis)
nourishing Yin and generating Body
Fluids, 35
postoperative use, 56
radiation pneumonitis, 125
Belching, 39, 82-83
diet therapy, 392, 395
Ben tun (running piglet), 4
Benzene, as potential carcinogen, 22
Benzidine, as potential carcinogen, 22
Berberidis, Radix, see San Ke Zhen
13-naphthylamine, as potential
carcinogen, 22
Beverages for use in the management
of cancer, 366-71
Bi Xie (Rhizoma Dioscoreae)
clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
43
transforming Phlegm and dispelling
Dampness, 41
Bi Xie Fen Qing Yin (Yam Rhizome
Beverage for Separating the Clear
and the Turbid), 525, 536
Bian Xu (Herba Polygon Avicularis),
for radiation cystitis, 146
Bie Jia (Carapax Amydae Sinensis), for
nourishing Yin and generating
Body Fluids, 35
Bie Jia Jian Wan (Turtle Shell Decocted
Pill), 261
Binding and accumulation of Phlegm-
Damp, etiology of pain, 213
Binding Depression of Liver Qi, 31,
175, 182, 253, 303, 502
Binding of Heat, 38, 42, 112, 148, 227,
326
Binding of Phlegm-Heat, 412, 421
Bing Er Tang (Borneol and Cocklebur
Decoction), 240
Bing Pian (Borneolum), external
application for cancer pain, 238
Biotae Orientalis, Cacumen, see Ce Bai
Ye
Bitter gourd, use in diet therapy, 358,
359, 365, 406, 508
BL-11 Dazhu, for supplementing the
Blood and raising WBC, 46
BL-13 Feishu
radiation pneumonitis, 126
transforming Phlegm, softening
hardness and dissipating
lumps, 47
BL-15 Xinshu
cardiotoxicity, 138
hair loss, 202
radiation pneumonitis, 126
BL-17 Geshu
bone marrow suppression, 89
hair loss, 202
invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 46
supplementing the Blood and raising
WBC, 46
BL-18 Ganshu
augmenting Qi and nourishing Yin,
46
bone marrow suppression, 89
damage to liver function, 104
supplementing the Blood and raising
WBC, 46
BL-19 Danshu, for damage to liver
function, 104
BL-20 Pishu
anorexia, 178
bone marrow suppression, 89
cardiotoxicity, 138
damage to liver function, 104
damage to renal function, 117
hair loss, 202
invigorating the Blood and
1, transforming Blood stasis, 46
nausea and vomiting, 161
radiation cystitis, 146
radiation pneumonitis, 126
radiation proctitis, 152
regulating and supplementing the
Spleen and Kidneys, 45
supplementing the Blood and raising
WBC, 46
transforming Phlegm, softening
hardness and dissipating lumps,
47
BL-21 Weishu
anorexia, 178
bone marrow suppression, 89
damage to liver function, 104
nausea and vomiting, 161
regulating and supplementing the
Spleen and Kidneys, 45
supplementing the Blood and raising
WBC, 46
BL-22 Sanjiaoshu
clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
47
damage to renal function, 117
for moving Qi and alleviating pain,
47
invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 46
BL-23 Shenshu
augmenting Qi and nourishing Yin,
46
bone marrow suppression, 89
cardiotoxicity, 138
hair loss, 202
radiation cystitis, 146
radiation proctitis, 152
regulating and supplementing the
Spleen and Kidneys, 45
supplementing the Blood and raising
WBC, 46
BL-25 Dachangshu, for radiation
proctitis, 152
BL-28 Pangguangshu
damage to renal function, 117
radiation cystitis, 146
BL-40 Weizhong
clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
47
damage to renal function, 117
invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 46
moving Qi and alleviating pain, 46
radiation cystitis, 146
BL-43 Gaohuang
bone marrow suppression, 89
warming Yang and augmenting Qi,
45
Black jelly fungus, 358, 388, 406
Bladder cancer, 21, 22, 78, 90,145, 151,
211, 287, 357, 388, 531-7
case history, 536
 INDEX 581

id raising clinical manifestations, 531 as main clinical manifestation of clinical experience and case histories,
diet therapy, 536 damage to renal function, 116, 444-47
iing etiology and patholo , 531 120 clinical manifestations, 435
g lumps, integration of Chinese medicine in Blood stasis, 8, 13, 34, 37, 38, 40, 79, diet therapy, 443
treatment strategies, 533 103, 110, 112, 115, 143, 215, 261, etiology and pathology, 435
chemotherapy, 535 273, 303, 484, 496, 497 external factors, 436
radiotherapy, 535 and obstruction, 214, 244, 251, 539 internal factors, 435
39 surgery and postoperative period, due to Cold, 520 external TCM treatment after surgery,
14 533 factor in the formation of tumors, 9, 440
acupuncture, 534 . 24-5,39 in men, 11
ig the blood in the urine, 535 obstructing the network vessels, 229 integration of Chinese medicine in
3 urinary retention, 534 of the Lungs, 133, 135, 272, 276 treatment strategies, 439
id raising internal treatment, 533 patterns, 106,118, 219, 234, 316 chemotherapy, 442
pattern identification and treatment Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 72,122, endocrine therapy, 442
principles, 532 123 radiotherapy, 441
Toxicity, Heat Toxins pouring downward to Bo He (Herba Menthae Haplocalycis), damage to Yin, 441
accumulate in the Bladder, effect on liver function, 109 skin damage due to radiation,
17 532 Bombyx Batryticatus, see Jiang Can 442
zg pain, Qi failing to contain the Blood due Bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNC), surgery and postoperative period,
to Spleen and Kidney 93 440
Deficiency, 532 Bone marrow smear examination, 93 diet therapy, 441
Isis, 46 Qigong therapy, 536 Bone marrow suppression, 69, 71, 87- external treatment, 440
treatment notes, 535 102,358,460,479 internal treatment, 440
ing Yin, Bleeding between periods after chemotherapy for pattern identification and treatment
(metrorrhagia), 310 bladder cancer, 535 principles, 436
89 Bleomycin, 89, 170, 454 breast cancer, 442 accumulation of stasis, and Toxins,
and fever, 243 cervical cancer, 529 438
and hair loss, 201 colorectal cancer, 508 depletion of Qi and Blood, 439
Bletillae Striatae, Rhizoma, see Bai Ji liver cancer, 479 disharmony of the Chong and Ren
Blockage of the Eustachian tubes, lung cancer, 460 vessels, 437
ng the persistent, 411 stomach cancer, 491, 492 Liver Depression and Qi
5 Blockage of the nose, persistent, 411 clinical manifestations, 88 stagnation, 436
nd raising Blocked nose, acupuncture treatment clinical observation reports, 94 Phlegm-Damp due to Spleen
after surgery in nasopharyngeal empirical formulae, 98 Deficiency, 437
ion cancer, 416, 417 etiology and pathology, 88 Qigong therapy, 443
Blood-Cold, 318, 321 experimental studies, 93 treatment notes, 442
Blood Deficiency, 34, 46, 88, 89, 97, general treatment methods, 88 Bronchial carcinoma, 449
.17 202, 214, 246, 310, 316, 318, 325, pattern identification and treatment Bruceae Javanicae, Fructus, see Ya Dan
326, 329, 330, 357, 374, 391, 458, principles, 90 Zi
496 Deficiency of Liver and Kidney Bu Gan Tang (Liver-Supplementing
Toxicity, Blood-Heat, due to Yin, 91 Decoction), 191
exuberant Yang, 310, 311 Deficiency of Spleen and Kidney Bu Gu Zhi (Fructus Psoraleae
117 Liver Depression, 310, 312 Yang, 92 Corylifoliae)
Yin deficiency, 310, 313 Deficiency of the Heart and Spleen, effect on bone marrow suppression,
asis, 46 Blood in the stool, 30, 34, 155, 477, 488, 90 88
Rain, 46 506 ; see also Hemafecia Bone metastasis in breast cancer, 446 fortifying the Spleen and boosting
as complication associated with Bomeolum, see Bing Pian the Kidneys, 37
cancer, 278, 284-7 Brachial plexus, 211, 237, 240 promoting humoral immunity, 65
89 passage of fresh blood Brachial plexus neuralgia in cancer, 237 promoting the production of
iting Qi, (hematochezia), 278 Breast cancer, 3, 6, 7, 11, 14, 21, 23, 24, leukocytes and macrophages,
tarry stools due to altered blood 25, 26, 38, 39, 42, 57, 58, 63, 78, 80, 64
106 (melena), 278 98, 109, 121, 122, 125, 169, 170, warming the Kidneys and
1, 145, 151, Blood in the urine, see also Hematuria 204, 211, 216, 221, 237, 252, 293, strengthening Yang, 35
7 acupuncture treatment after surgery 303, 309, 310, 318, 357,360, 388, Bu Gu Zhi Zhu Rou Tang (Psoralea Fruit
for bladder cancer, 535 400, 403,435-47 and Pork Soup), 379
582 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Bu Zhong YiQi Tang (Decoction for
Supplementing the Middle Burner
and Augmenting Qi), 56, 64, 65, 93,
105, 225, 248, 315, 329, 420, 466,
467,468, 541
Buddha's hand, in diet therapy, 355,
357, 358, 392
Bufonis, Venenum, see Chan Su
Bupleuri, Radix, see Chai Hu
Burning pain in the throat,
complication of nasopharyngeal
cancer, 415
Cachexia, 6, 9, 473
diet therapy, 354, 372, 373, 374, 380,
382, 383, 385, 390, 391, 393, 397,
402,403, 404, 405, 406
Calcium Folinate, 170, 510
Camphora, see Zhang Nao
Campsitis, Flos, see Ling Xiao Hua
Camptothecae, Fructus seu Radix, see
Xi Shu
Canavaliae, Semen, see Dao Dou Zi
Cancer (for other cancers, see under the
organ involved)
ampulla of Vater, 254
anus, 211, 370
bile ducts, 239, 244, 249, 254
cardia, 13, 109
colon, 75-6, 169, 501
digestive system, 20, 56
duodenum, 253
endometrial, 23, 303, 309, 310, 318
fallopian tubes, 31, 211
gallbladder, 225, 253
intestines, 252
kidneys, 20, 22, 23, 233, 287, 293, 357
large intestine, 225
larynx, 22, 23, 78, 367
lips, 10
mediastinum, 98
nasal cavity, 22
nasal sinuses, 22, 169
oral cavity, 21, 23, 211
pelvis, 4,284
penis, 3, 11
peritoneum, 22
pharynx, 21, 22, 23
pleura, 22
rectum, 78, 98,109, 287, 346, 501,
510
renal pelvis, 22
skin, 3, 21, 22, 32, 347
testicles, 31, 98, 303
throat, 23, 35, 98
thymus gland, 131
thyroid, 3, 8, 98, 357
tongue, 12, 357
tonsils, 191, 367
ureter, 22
urethra, 287
uterus, 7, 11, 31, 358
vagina, 31, 309
vulva, 63
Cancer stages, 53-54
Cang Bai Er Chen Tang (Atractylodes
and Two Matured Ingredients
Decoction), 182
Cang Er Zi (Fructus Xanthii Sibirici),
postoperative use for augmenting
Qi and consolidating the exterior,
56
Cang Zbu (Rhizoma Atractylodis)
for damage to renal function, 117
for transforming Phlegm and
dispelling Dampness, 41
Cao Wu (Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii),
external application for cancer pain,
238
Carboplatin, 72, 467, 518
Carcinogenic substances contained in
food, 23
Carcinoma
adenocarcinoma, 71, 425, 449, 462,
483, 490, 494, 495, 497, 511
adenosquamous, 71
alveolar cell, 449
bronchial, 449
bronchogenic, 272, 362
ductal, 435, 444, 446
hepatocellular (hepatoma), 9, 15, 22,
243, 364, 473
lobular, 435
non-small-cell lung, 15, 71, 121, 449
signet-cell, 494
small-cell, 449, 467
squamous cell, 71, 425, 434, 449, 460,
465, 466,469, 523
Cardiotoxicity,'137-143, 217, 441, 442,
460
clinical manifestations, 137
etiology and pathology, 137
general treatment methods, 138
pattem4dentification and treatment
principles, 138
arrhythmia and palpitations, 142
Heart and Spleen Deficiency, 139
Heart Yin Deficiency, 138
insufficiency of Heart Yang, 141
Qi and Yin Deficiency, 140
Carmustine, causing renal damage, 116
Carthami Tinctorii, Flos, see Hong Hun
Caryophylli, Flos, see Ding Xiang
Case histories
bladder cancer, 536
breast cancer, 444, 446, 447
colorectal cancer, 509-12
esophageal cancer, 434
liver cancer, 481
lung cancer, 462-63, 465, 466-68,
469-71
nasopharyngeal cancer, 420-24
ovarian cancer, 519-21
radiation pneumonitis, 131
skin ulcers, 336
stomach cancer, 494-96,497-99
Catecholamines, 243
Catharanthi Rosei, Herba, see Chang
Chun Hua
Ce Bai Ye (Cacumen Biotae Orientalis)
hair loss, 202
radiation cystitis, 146
skin ulcers in cancer, 335
Celiac plexus, 225
Cephalanoploris seu Cirsii, Herba, see
Xiao Ji
Cervi Parvum, Cornu, see Lu Rong
Cervical cancer, 7, 9, 21, 22, 26, 31, 61-
62, 63, 78,145, 151, 156-57, 271,
293,303, 309, 358, 365, 364, 388,
523-29
clinical manifestations, 523
diet therapy, 529
etiology and pathology, 523
integration of Chinese medicine in
treatment strategies, 527
chemotherapy, 529
radiotherapy, 528
surgery and postoperative period,
527
acupuncture for postoperative,
increase in vaginal
discharge, 528
internal treatment, 527
surgical procedures, 527
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 524
accumulation of Toxins in the
Lower Burner, 524
Damp Toxins pouring downward,
525
depletion of the Spleen and
Kidneys, 526
disharmony of the Chong and Ren
vessels, 524

Qigong therapy, 529
age, 116
Cervical lymph nodes, 9, 24, 216, 411
Tong Hua Cervical lymphadenopathy, 423
ng
Cervical lymphoma, 237
Chaenomelis, Fructus, see Mu Gua
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri)
anorexia, 178
damage to liver function, 104
effect on liver function, 109
Chai Hu Shu Gan San (Bupleurum
6-68,
Powder for Dredging the Liver),
104,224, 227, 230, 323, 474
24
Chai Zhi Ban Xia Tang (Bupleurum,
Gardenia and Pinellia Decoction),
295
ChanSu (Venenum Bufonis)
'-99
damage to renal function, 117
external application for cancer pain,
Chang
238
Chang Ai Kang Fu Tang (Colorectal
ientalis)
Cancer Anti-Relapse Decoction),
59, 60
Chang Chun Hua (Herba Catharanthi
Rosei), for damage to liver
function, 117
rba, see
Channel conductors, 221, 336
Chao Bai Bian Dou (Semen Dolichoris
Bong
5,31,61- Lablab, stir-fried), for fortifying the
Spleen and harmonizing the
57,271,
Stomach, 36
64,388,
CheQian Cao (Herba Plantaginis)
damage to renal function, 116
radiation cystitis, 146
CheQian Zi (Semen Plantaginis)
damage to renal function, 116
cine in
radiation cystitis, 146
:7
skin ulcers in cancer, 334
transforming Phlegm and dispelling
Dampness, 41
period,
Chelidonii, Herba, see BaiQu Cai
Chemotherapy, 15, 16, 29, 33, 35, 36, 37,
:)erative
44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 53, 55, 57, 58, 59,
I use of Chinese medicine in reducing
60
adverse side-effects based on TCM
theory, 63
:7
and diet therapy, 353, 356, 357, 358,
eatment
360, 362, 363, 364, 366, 368, 369,
371, 378, 379, 381, 387, 388, 389,
390, 391, 393, 395, 398, 399,401,
404,405,406
and Qigong therapy, 342, 344, 346
anorexia, 177, 178, 185, 187
bone marrow suppression, 87-102,
cancer pain, 211, 214
cardiotoxicity, 137, 138, 141
constipation, 325
damage to liver function, 103, 104,
109
damage to renal function, 115, 116,
121,122,123
for bladder cancer, 535, 536, 537
side-effects, 535
for breast cancer, 439, 440, 443, 444,
445,446,447
side-effects, 442
for cervical cancer, 529
side-effects, 529
for colorectal cancer, 508, 510, 511,
512
side-effects, 507-8
for esophageal cancer, 425, 432, 433
side-effects, 431
for liver cancer, 481
side-effects, 479
for lung cancer, 449, 461, 462, 463,
465,466,467,468,469, 470
side-effects, 460-1
for nasopharyngeal cancer, 419, 420,
421,422
for ovarian cancer, 513, 518, 520
side-effects, 518
for stomach cancer, 483, 493, 494,
495, 496, 497, 498, 499
side-effects, 491-93
general treatment principles in
Chinese medicine, 70-71
hair loss, 201, 202, 204, 205
hemorrhage, 271, 291
jaundice, 253
menstrual disorders, 309, 310
mouth ulcers, 196
nausea and vomiting, 159, 160, 161,
168,169,170,171,172,173,174;
175,176
profuse sweating, 263, 268
radiation pneumonitis, 131, 132
side-effects, 62-69
use of Chinese medicine in treatment
strategies for, 69-78
Chen Pi (Pericarpium Cirri Reticulatae)
anorexia, 178
dredging the Liver and regulating Qi,
39
fc*tifying the Spleen and
harmonizing the Stomach, 36
nausea and vomiting, 161
Chen Pi Niu Rou (Beef with Tangerine
Peel), 403, 508
INDEX 583
Chen Pi Suan Zbou (Tangerine Peel and
Garlic Congee), 398
Chen Xiang (Lignum Aquilariae
Resinatum), for dredging the liver
and regulating Qi, 39
Chen Xiang San (Aquilaria Powder), 543
Chest pain, 221-25
acupuncture treatment after surgery
for lung cancer, 458-59
after surgery or radiotherapy, 221
as symptom of lung cancer, 449
due to pleural effusion, 239
ear acupuncture treatment after
surgery for lung cancer, 459
pattern identification, 221
accumulation and obstruction of
Phlegm turbidity, 222
Phlegm-Heat congesting the Lungs,
221
Qi and Yin Deficiency, 224
Qi stagnation and Blood stasis, 223
Chi Sbao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra)
hair loss, 202
invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 40,
66
moving the Blood and freeing Blood
stasis, 66
nourishing the Blood and harmon-
izing the Blood vessels, 66
radiation cystitis, 146
radiation proctitis, 152
Chinese angelica root, use in diet
therapy, 360, 373, 396, 404
Chinese dates, use in diet therapy, 357,
358, 359, 363, 364, 371, 374, 378,
379, 382, 384, 389, 390, 391, 392,
393, 395, 397, 398, 399,400,443
Chinese gooseberry, use in diet therapy,
358,364, 372, 384, 508, 536
Chinese medicine
as a supplementary therapy to surgery,
chemotherapy and radiotherapy,
55-69
in dealing with the side-effects of
cancer treatment, 51-84
in improving survival rate of cancer
patients, 62
in reducing the side-effects and
increasing the effectiveness of
radiotherapy and chemotherapy,
62-69
in the treatment of common side-
effects caused by radiotherapy
and chemotherapy, 85-208

584 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
in treatment strategies for radio-
therapy and chemotherapy, 69-
83
chemotherapy, 70-78
preventive measures, 69-70
radiotherapy, 78-83
role in cancer treatment strategies,
47-48
Chinese yam powder, 357, 358, 359,
433,443, 479, 518, 529
Chlorambucil, and damage to liver
function, 103
Chlormethine hydrochloride, 89
Cholelithiasis, 109,387
Cholestasis, 103, 253
Chong Cao Hong Zao Zhou (Cordyceps
and Chinese Date Congee), 388,
392
Chong Cao Huang Shen (Freshwater Eel
with Cordyceps), 402
Chong Cao Shen Cha (Cordyceps and
American Ginseng Tea), 368, 461
Chong Cao Shen Ya (Duck Steamed with
Cordyceps and Ginseng), 363, 401
Chong Cao ZhengAn Chun (Quails
Steamed with Cordyceps), 358, 363,
401
Chong Lou (Rhizoma Paridis)
clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
43
skin ulcers in cancer, 334
Chromates, as potential carcinogen, 22
Chu Shi Jie Du Tang (Decoction for
Eliminating Dampness and
Relieving Toxicity), 514
Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Meliae
Toosendan), for dredging the Liver
and regulating Qi, 39
Chuan Shan Jia (Squama Manitis
Pentadactylae)
external application for cancer pain,
238
invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 40
Chuan Shan Long (Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Nipponicae), for damage to renal
function, 117
Chuan Wu (Radix Aconiti Carmichaeli),
t external application for cancer pain,
238
Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Ligustici
I
Chuanxiong)
cardiotoxicity, 138
hair loss, 202
invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 40
Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao San (Tea-Blended
Sichuan Lovage Powder), 217
Chuan Xiong Ge ii Tang (Sichuan
Lovage and Clam Soup), 383
Chuan Xiong HuangQi Zbou (Sichuan
Lovage and Astragalus Congee),
398
Chun Cai Ji Tang (Chicken Soup with
Water Shield), 355, 371
Chun Pi (Cortex Ailanthi Altissimae),
for radiation proctitis, 152
Cigarette smoking and lung cancer, 449
Cimicifugae, Rhizoma, see ShengMa
Cinnamomi Cassiae, Cortex, see Rou
Gui
Cinnamomi Cassiae, Ramulus, see Gui
Zhi
Cirrhosis, 16, 103, 278, 473, 480
Cirsii Japonici, Herba seu Radix, see Da
ii
Cisplatin, 57, 68, 72, 73,121, 122, 131,
204, 211, 421,466, 518, 520
and bone marrow suppression, 89
and damage to renal function, 115
and nausea and vomiting, 159, 168,
169,170,171
Cistanche, use in diet therapy, 361, 368,
447,480
Cistanches Deserticolae, Herba, see Rou
Cong Rong
Citri Aurantii, Fructus, see Zhi Ke
Citri Aurantii, Fructus Immaturus, see
Zhi Shi
Citri Medicae seu Wilsonii, Fructus, see
Xiang Yuan
Citri Reticulatae, Folium, see Ju Ye
Citri Reticulatae, Pericarpium, see Chen
Pi
Citri Reticulatae Viride, Pericarpium,
see Qing Pi
Citri Sarcodactylis, Fructus, see Fo Shou
Citron fruit, use in diet therapy, 357,
359, 420, 536
Clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity
after radiotherapy for esophageal
cancer, 430
as cancer treatment principle, 42-43
t
Clinical xperience and case studies,
409-544
Clinical experience
breast cancer, 445, 446
colorectal cancer, 508-09
liver cancer, 480
lung cancer, 463-64,465-66, 468-69
nasopharyngeal cancer, 420
ovarian cancer, 518-19
stomach cancer, 496
Clinical observation reports
Acupuncture and moxibustion
during chemotherapy, 77-78
Acupuncture and moxibustion in the
restoration of bladder function
after surgery for cervical cancer,
61-62
Acupuncture in the treatment of
belching caused by radiotherapy
for esophageal cancer, 82-83
Chang Ai Kang Fu Tang (Colorectal
Cancer Anti-Relapse Decoction),
59-61
Combination of TCM treatment of
vomiting with ondansetron, 168-
69
Decoctions for supporting Vital Qi
(Zheng Qi) and invigorating the
Blood, 66-67
Electro-acupuncture in the treatment
of leukopenia caused by
radiotherapy, 98
• Zheng Jie Du Chong Ji (Soluble
Granules for Supporting Vital
Qi and Relieving Toxicity), 80
• Zheng Pai Du KangAi Fang
(Formula for Supporting Vital
Qi, Expelling Toxins and
Inhibiting Cancer), 71-73
• Zheng Zeng Xiao Fang (Synergistic
Formula for Supporting Vital
Qi), 79-82
Gastrointestinal tract reactions
caused by radiotherapy and
chemotherapy, 67-69
Moxibustion for leukopenia caused
by chemotherapy for
intermediate-stage or late-stage
cancer, 97-98
Qi Ji Tang (Seven Levels Decoction)
in the treatment of mouth ulcers
due to chemotherapy, 196-98
Shen Mar Zhu She Ye (Ginseng and
Ophiopogon Injection), 57-59
Supporting Vital Qi and dispelling
Blood stasis for liver damage
due to chemotherapy, 109-111
TongQiao Huo Xue Tang (Decoction
for Freeing the Orifices and
Invigorating the Blood) during
radiotherapy, 81-82
 INDEX 585

Treatment of anorexia according to Cold-Damp Congees for treating cancer and

468-69
pattern identification, 185-87 congealing and accumulation of, 233 promoting general health, 386-88
Treatment of colon cancer when the encumbering the Spleen, 258 Congees for treating cancer and
expected survival period is short, Colony-forming units, 94 supplementing the body, 388-94
75-76 Colorectal cancer, 23, 26, 31, 39, 59-61, Congees for use in the management of
on Treatment of hair loss with Gm Fa 145,151,168, 204, 211, 285, 354, cancer, 385-400
Tang (Consolidating the Hair 357, 358, 361, 364, 365, 388, 399, Congestion and exuberance of Lung-
'7-78
on in the Decoction), 204-05 501-12 Heat, 272, 273
unction Treatment of late-stage lung cancer clinical experience and case histories, Constipation, 325-31
d cancer, according to pattern 508 complication of liver cancer, 477
identification, 73-75 clinical manifestations, 501 complication of stomach cancer, 488
it of Treatment of radiation pneumonitis diet therapy, 508 diet therapy, 331
otherapy according to pattern etiology and pathology, 502 due to chemotherapy, 325
82-83 identification, 131-35 external factors, 502 due to local radiotherapy, 325
)rectal Treatment of radiation proctitis internal factors, 502 etiology and pathology, 325
lecoction), according to pattern integration of Chinese medicine in accumulation of Heat in the
identification, 155-57 treatment strategies, 506 Stomach and Intestines, 326
nent of Treatment of leukopenia caused by chemotherapy, 507 depletion of the Lower Origin, 326
tron, 168- chemotherapy with Sheng Bai radiotherapy, 507 internal generation of Yin-Cold,
Pian (Raising the White Tablet), Damp-Heat in the Bladder, 507 326
Jital Qi 95-97 Damp-Heat in the Large Qi stagnation due to emotional
-sting the Treatment of vomiting with Xuan Fu Intestine, 507 disharmony, 326
Dai Zhe Tang Jia Vei (Inula and surgery and postoperative period, in late-stage cancer, 325
treatment Hematite Decoction, with 506 pattern idenx fcation and treatment
additions), 169-72 acupuncture, 506 principles, 326
y
Treatment with Jian Pi ii Shi Ke Li external treatment, 506 Blood Deficiency, 329, 330
uble (Granules for Fortifying the pattern identification and treatment Cold constipation, 330
ig Vital Spleen and Benefiting the principles, 502 Heat constipation, 327
ity), 80 Movement of Dampness) to depletion of Qi and Blood, 505 Qi Deficiency, 328, 330
ng protect against potential renal internal accumulation of Damp- Qi stagnation, 328
ag Vital damage due to cisplatin, 121-23 Heat, 502 treatment by diet therapy, 331
nd Xiao Chat Hu Tang Jia Jian (Minor internal obstruction of Toxins, 503 treatment by external methods, 331
73 Bupleurum Decoction, with Yang Deficiency of the Spleen and treatment notes, 331
nergistic modifications) in the treatment Kidneys, 503 Consumption of Qi and Blood in the
g Vital of liver damage, 111-13 Yin Deficiency of the Liver and intermediate and late stages of
YiQi Yang Yin Tang (Decoction for Kidneys, 504 cancer, 33
)ns Augmenting Qi and Nourishing Qigong therapy, 508 Contaminated food, as potential
'and Yin) in the treatment of treatment notes, 508 carcinogen, 23
nasopharyngeal cancer, 80-81 Combinationn of TCM and Western Coptidis, Rhizoma, see Huang Iran
t caused Yi Xue Sheng (Tablet for Augmenting medicine, 15-16, 47-48, 53-54, 55 Cordyceps, use in diet therapy, 362, 363,
the Generation of Blood) in the Common methods of treating tumors 368, 392,401,402
ate-stage treatment of bone marrow with Chinese medicine, 32-47 Cordyceps Sinensis, see Dong Chong Xia
suppression, 94-96 Commonly used Qigong exercises for Cao
'coction) Cnidii Monnieri, Fructus, see She cancer patients, 342-49 Coriander, use in diet therapy, 358, 371,
.uth ulcers Chuang Zi Compatibility of diet in diet therapy, 374, 375, 376, 379, 380, 383, 385,
196-98 Coal tar, as potential carcinogen, 22 355,356 401,403,404, 433
ng and Codonopsitis Pilosulae, Radix, see Dang Concentrating the mind in Qigong, 341 Coriandri, Herba cum Radice, see Xiang
),57-59 Shen Cong Bai E Jiao Yin (Scallion and Cai
spelling Coicis Lachryma-jobi, Semen, see Yi Yi monkey-Hide Gelatin Beverage), Corii Asini, Gelatinum, see E Jim
amage Ben 355,369 Corni Officinalis, Fructus, see Shan Zhu
109-111 Coix seed, use in diet therapy, 354, 355, Congealing and accumulation of Cold- Yu
ecoction 357, 358, 359, 364, 386, 388, 395, Damp, 233 Cornu Cervi, Gelatinum, see Lie Jiao Jiao
-s and 396, 420,443, 479, 508, 518, 529, Congealing and stagnation Corydalis Yanhusuo, Rhizoma, see Yan
1) during 536 of pathogenic Cold, 225 Hu Suo
Cold constipation, 330 of Qi and Blood, 412 Costaziae, Os seu Pumex, see Fu Hai Sbi
Cough, 125, 449, 455, 458, 459
Coughing of blood, see also
Hemoptysis
acupuncture treatment after surgery
for lung cancer, 459
as complication of lung cancer, 455
Counter-abdominal respiration method,
in strengthening Qigong, 343
Crataegi, Fructus, see Shan Zha
Creatinine, 122,123
Crohn's disease, 501
Curculiginis Orchioidis, Rhizoma, see
Xian Mao
Curcumae, Radix, see Yu Jin
Curcumae, Rhizoma, see E Zhu
Curcumae Longae, Rhizoma, see Jiang
Huang
Cuscutae, Semen, see Tu Si Zi
CV-3 Zhongji
damage to renal function, 117
radiation cystitis, 146
CV-4 Guanyuan
bone marrow suppression, 89
cardiotoxicity, 138
for radiation cystitis, 146
for radiation proctitis, 152
regulating and supplementing the
Spleen and Kidneys, 45
supplementing the Blood and raising
WBC, 46
warming Yang and augmenting Qi,
45
CV-6 Qihai
anorexia, 178
augmenting Qi and nourishing Yin,
46
cardiotoxicity, 138
in Qigong therapy, 343
radiation cystitis, 146
regulating and supplementing the
Spleen and Kidneys, 45
supplementing the Blood and raising
WBC, 46
warming Yang and augmenting Qi,
45
CV-8 Shenque, for warming Yang and
augmenting Qi, 45
CV-12 Zhongwan
anorexia, 178
damage to renal function, 117
nausea and vomiting, 161
radiation proctitis, 152
regulating and supplementing the
Spleen and Kidneys, 45
CV-14 Juque, for cardiotoxicity, 138
CV-17 Danzhong
cardiotoxicity, 138
in Qigong therapy, 343, 346
CV-22 Tiantu, in acupressure and
massage Qigong, 347,348
CV-23 Lianquan
dry mouth, 190
in acupressure and massage Qigong,
347,348
CV-24 Chengjiang, in acupressure and
massage Qigong, 347, 348
Cyclophosphamide, 57,71, 73, 88, 93,
94,122,131,196, 204,444, 454,
462, 466, 470, 520, 531
and amenorrhea, 310
and bone marrow suppression, 89
and hair loss, 201
and nausea and vomiting, 159,170
Cynomorii Songarici, Herba, see Suo
Yang
Cyperi Rotundi, Rhizoma, see Xiang Fu
Cytarabine, 94
and damage to liver function, 103
and jaundice, 253
Da Bu Yin Wan (Major Yin Supplemen-
tation Pill), 236, 245
Da Bu Yuan Jian (Major Origin-
Supplementing Brew), 276
Da Chai Hu Tang (Major Bupleurum
Decoction), 255
Da CbengQi Tang (Major Qi-Sustaining
Decoction), 226
Da Fu Pi (Pericarpium Arecae Catechu),
for dredging the Liver and
regulating Qi, 39
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei)
damage to renal function, 116
effect on gallbladder function, 109
radiation cystitis, 146
skin ulcers in cancer, 335
Da Huang Xiao Shi Tang (Rhubarb and
Niter Decoction), 256
Da Huang Zhe Chong Wan (Rhubarb and
Wingless Cockroach Pill), 235, 475
Da Hui Xiang (Fructus Anisi Stellati),
for dredging the Liver and
regulating Qi, 39
Da .,ii,(Herba seu Radix Cirsii Japonici),
for skin ulcers in cancer, 335
DaMai Zhou (Barley Congee), 355, 386,
493
Da,Qing Ye (Folium Isatidis seu
Baphicacanthi), for clearing Heat
and relieving Toxicity, 43
Da YingJian (Major Nutritive Qi Brew
320
Da Zao (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae)
cardiotoxicity, 138
decrease in hemoglobin, 89
decrease in the number of platelets,
89
enriching Yin and nourishing the
Blood, 34
fortifying the Spleen and
harmonizing the Stomach, 36
radiation cystitis, 146
supplementing Qi and nourishing the
Blood, 33
Dacarbazine, causing nausea and
vomiting, 159
Dai Ge San (Indigo and Clamshell
Powder), 274
Damage to Body Fluids, 78, 263,466,
490
Damage to liver function, 103-113, 518
after chemotherapy for breast cancer,
442
clinical manifestations, 103
clinical observation reports, 109
etiology and pathology, 103
experimental studies, 109
general treatment methods, 104
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 104
asymptomatic increase in
transaminase levels
Blood stasis, 106
Damp-Heat, 107
Qi stagnation, 104
Spleen Deficiency, 105
Damage to Lung and Stomach Yin,
after radiotherapy for naso-
pharyngeal cancer, 417
Damage to Qi and Blood, 25, 55, 62, 63,
70, 78,133, 318, 429, 461
Damage to renal function, 115-124, 517
clinical manifestations, 116
clinical observation reports, 121
empirical formulae, 123
etiology and pathology, 115
blood in the urine as the main
clinical manifestation, 116
edema as the main clinical
manifestation, 115
general treatment methods, 116
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 117
Blood stasis, 118
Deficiency-Heat, 120

Qi Brew), Excess-Heat, 120
Spleen Deficiency, 117
ae) Water and Dampness, 119
Damage to Stomach Yin, 56
Damage to the Chong and Ren vessels,
310,318
)latelets,
Damage to the internal organs, and dry
ig the mouth, 189
Damage to the Spleen and Stomach, 22,
177, 420, 426
ach, 36 Damage to Yin, 12, 35, 63, 111, 127,
141, 213,441
Dishing the Damp-Heat, 32,103, 253, 254, 264, 475,
477, 502, 510, 514, 524, 528, 534,
Lnd 540
accumulation and binding of, 146
,hell accumulation and steaming of, 244,
249
63,466, in the Bladder pouring downward,
after radiotherapy for colorectal
--113,518 cancer, 507
ast cancer, in the Intestines, 285
in the Large Intestine, after
radiotherapy for colorectal cancer,
,109 507
i in the Liver and Gallbladder, 230,281
in the Lower Burner, 78, 90, 541
.104 in the Spleen and Stomach, 186
,eatment internal obstruction of, 226
obstructing the Middle Burner, after
t radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal
cancer, 418
patterns, 107, 156, 234
pouring downward to the rectum,
after radiotherapy for ovarian
cancer, 517
h Yin, Damp Toxins pouring downward, 525
so- Dampness encumbering Spleen-Earth,
182
1 55,62,63, Dan Huang You (Egg Yolk Oil), 442
1 Dan Nan Xing (Pulvis Arisaematis cum
5-124,517 Felle Bovis), for transforming
Phlegm and dispelling Dampness,
121 41
Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae)
5 cardiotoxicity, 138
main damage to liver function, 104
)n, 116 invigorating the Blood and trans-
:al forming Blood stasis, 40, 66
nourishing the Blood and harm-
116 onizing the Blood vessels, 66
reatment radiation cystitis, 146
supplementing Qi and nourishing the
Blood, 33
Dan Shen Pian (Red Sage Root Tablet),
444
Dan Zbi Xiao Yao San (Moutan and
Gardenia Free Wanderer Powder),
193, 280, 313, 323
Dan Zhu Ye (Folium Lophatheri
Gracilis)
damage to renal function, 116
radiation cystitis, 146
Dandelion, use in diet therapy, 366
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)
bone marrow suppression, 88
cardiotoxicity, 138
damage to liver function, 104
damage to renal function, 116
decrease in hemoglobin, 89
effect on liver function, 109
enriching Yin and nourishing the
Blood, 34
hair loss, 202
invigorating the Blood and trans-
forming Blood stasis, 40, 66
leukopenia, 89
nourishing the Blood and harm-
onizing the Blood vessels, 66
postoperative use for augmenting Qi
and relieving Toxicity, 57
promoting the production of
leukocytes and macrophages, 64
promoting the production of T
lymphocytes, 65
skin ulcers in cancer, 333
supplementing Qi and nourishing the
Blood, 33
use in diet therapy, 357, 360, 361, 373,
396,404
Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang (Chinese
Angelica Root Decoction for
Supplementing the Blood), 65, 93,
247, 496, 505
Dang Gui Huo Guo (Chinese Angelica
Hotpot), 361
Dang Gui Lsu Huang Tang (Chinese
Angelica Root Six Yellows
Decoction), 108,266
Dang Gui Shao Yao San (Chinese
Angelica Root and Peony Powder),
24
DangGui Si Ni Tang (Chinese Angelica
Root Counterflow Cold
Decoction), 228
Dang Gui Yang Rou Geng (Chinese
Angelica and Mutton Broth), 355,
358, 361, 373
INDEX 587
Dang Shen (Radix Codonopsitis
Pilosulae)
anorexia, 178
bone marrow suppression, 88
damage to renal function, 116
fortifying the Spleen and boosting
the Kidneys, 37
fortifying the Spleen and harm-
onizing the Stomach, 36
leukopenia, 89
nausea and vomiting, 161
postoperative use for augmenting Qi
and consolidating the exterior,
56
postoperative use for augmenting Qi
and relieving Toxicity, 57
promoting humoral immunity, 65
promoting the production of
leukocytes and macrophages, 64
promoting the production of T
lymphocytes, 65
radiation proctitis, 152
supplementing Qi and nourishing the
Blood, 33
use in diet therapy, 360, 369, 373, 380,
381, 383, 396,402
Dao Chi San (Powder for Guiding Out
Reddish Urine), 121, 541
Dao Dou Zi (Semen Canavaliae), for
dredging the liver and regulating
Qi, 39
Daphnes Genkwa, Flos, see Yuan Hua
Daunorubicin, 94
Day-lily buds, 378, 381, 406
Debilitation of Kidney Yang, as
etiology of prostate cancer, 540,
542
Debilitation of Vital Qi (Zheng Qi)
in late-stage cancer, 29-30
in nasopharyngeal cancer, 414
Decrease in peripheral blood values, 95,
463
Decrease in the platelet count, 71
Decrease in WBC, 71
Deficiency and depletion of the Zang-
Fu organs, 25, 26, 27
in lung cancer, 450
Deficiency constipation, 328
Deficiency-Fire stirring internally, 276
Deficiency-Heat, 34,120, 213, 280, 287,
310, 311, 420,454
Deficiency of
Kidney Yang, 20, 35
Lung and Spleen Qi, 467
 Lung Qi, 213, 272, 458, 463
Qi and Yin, 421, 450
Spleen and Kidney Yang, 305
Spleen and Stomach Qi, 9, 36
Spleen and Stomach Yang, in
anorexia, 184
the Liver and Kidneys, 70, 436
Vital Qi, 22, 27, 29, 31, 38, 43, 44, 54,
160, 168, 170, 171, 215, 260, 287,
436,496
Yin and Yang, 194
Deficiency taxation, 88, 97, 247, 249
Deficiency-type distension in ascites,
305
Deficient Qi failing to ensure
containment, 273
Delayed menarche, 319, 320
Delayed menstruation and menstrual
block, 318-24
etiology and pathology, 318
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 319
Blood-Cold, 321
insufficiency of the Liver and
Kidneys, 320
Phlegm-Damp, 323
Qi and Blood Deficiency, 319
Qi Depression, 322
Dendrobii, Herba, see Shi Hu
Dendrobium, use in diet therapy, 363
Deng Xin Cao (Medulla Junci Effusi), for
radiation cystitis, 146
Depletion and Deficiency of
Kidney Yin, 276
Qi and Blood, 244
Qi and Yin, 276, 460
Depletion of
Body Fluids, 56
Liver and Kidney Yin, 306
Qi and Blood, 33, 89, 215, 341, 357,
414, 429, 433, 439, 462, 484, 487,
505,510
due to debility in old age, 426, 427
the Liver and Kidneys, 63, 78, 205
the' Spleen and Kidneys, 526
Depression and binding of Liver Qi,
229,426
Destruction of the hepatic lobules, 103
Di Bi Ling (Efficacious Nose Drop
Remedy), 423
Di Fu Zi (Fructus Kochiae Scopariae),
for skin ulcers in cancer, 336
Di Huang Wan (Rehmannia Pill), 10
Di Yu (Radix Sanguisorbae Officinalis),
for radiation proctitis, 152
Di Yu Huai Jiao San (Sanguisorba and
Pagoda Tree Flower Powder), 152
Di Yu San (Sanguisorba Powder), 285
Di Yu Tan (Radix Sanguisorbae
Officinalis Carbonisata), for
radiation proctitis, 152
Diagnosis and treatment of tumors in
TCM, 29-49
basic principles, 29-32
common methods, 32-47
Dianthi, Herba, see Qu Mai
Diarrhea, 151, 152, 154, 502, 503, 505
after chemotherapy for stomach
cancer, 491
as complication of liver cancer, 477
Dictamni Dasycarpi Radicis, Cortex, see
Bid Xian Pi
Diet selection, after chemotherapy, 358
after radiotherapy, 359
after surgery, 357
Diet therapy, 351-408, 419, 433, 441,
443,461, 479, 493, 508, 518, 529,
536
and exuberant Heat Toxins, 354
categories of food, 355
compatibility with nature and
condition of disease, 355
historical introduction, 353
in cancer treatment strategies, 353-56
in the management of cancer, 359-66
pattern identification and dietary
requirements, 354
postoperative, 354
selected recipes, 366-406
selection of diet, 356-59
special note on ingredients, 406-07
Dietary irregularities, 26, 177, 213, 253,
273, 287, 311, 318, 326, 426, 473,
484, 502, 514, 523, 540
etiological factor in the formation of
tumors, 22
etiology of nausea and vomiting, 160
Dietary requirements, pattern
identification and, 354-55
Ding Xiang (Flos Caryophylli)
dredging the Liver and regulating Qi,
39
external application for cancer pain,
238
nausea and vomiting, 161
Ding Xiang Shi Di San (Clove and
Persimmon Calyx Powder), 491
Dioscoreae, Rhizoma, see Bi Xie
Dioscoreae Nipponicae, Rhizoma, see
Chuan Shan Long
Dioscoreae Oppositae, Rhizoma, see
Shan Yao
Dipsaci, Radix, see Xu Duan
Disharmony between Ying Qi and Wei
Qi, 263, 265
Disharmony of Qi and Blood, 15, 24,
27,138, 310, 490
Disharmony of Qi in the network
vessels, 297
Disharmony of the Chong and Ren-
vessels, 437, 524
Disharmony of Ying Qi and Wei Qi,
postoperative
Dispelling pathogenic factors
and relieving Toxicity, 31, 53, 54
to fight against cancer, 38-43
Distension and fullness in the stomach
after surgery for stomach cancer
acupuncture treatment, 490
ear acupuncture treatment, 490
Distension and pain
in the chest and hypochondrium, 319,
412
in the chest, hypochondrium and
breast, 313,323
in the hypochondrium, 7, 229, 281,
426,492
in the lower abdomen, 507, 524
Distension in the abdomen, 30,258,
418, 451, 474,486
DNA cleavage, 87
Dolichoris Lablab, Semen, see Bai Bian
Dou
DongChongXia Cao (Cordyceps Sinensis)
promoting the production of
leukocytes and macrophages, 64
use in diet therapy, 362, 363, 368, 392,
401,402
warming the Kidneys and
strengthening Yang, 35
Double crossed leg posture, in
strengthening Qigong, 342
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin®), 57, 73,
211
cardiotoxicity, 137
hair loss, 201
nausea and vomiting, 159
Dredging the Liver and regulating Qi,
as cancer treatment principle, 38-
39
Dressings and vehicles, external
application for cancer pain, 238
precautions, 240
Dry mouth and throat, 30, 34, 35, 43, 78,
168,190,193,194,195, 213, 384

Dry mouth and tongue, 56, 78, 356, 359,
417, 460, 488, 491, 528
etiology and pathology, 189
damage to the internal organs, 189
emotional disturbances, 190
invasion of pathogenic factors, 189
Yin Deficiency, 190
general treatment methods, 190
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 190
Dry mouth and tongue and mouth
ulcers, 189-99, 507
empirical formulae, 198
patterns
Deficiency of both Yin and Yang,
194
Kidney Yin Deficiency, 192
Liver depression, Qi stagnation
and Blood stasis, 193
Liver Yin Deficiency, 191
Lung Yin Deficiency, 190
Qi Deficiency of the Spleen and
Stomach, 195
Spleen and Stomach Yin
Deficiency, 191
Dryness-Heat damaging Body Fluids, as
an etiological factor in the
formation of tumors, 21
Du Huo (Radix Angelicae Pubescentis),
for transforming Phlegm and
dispelling Dampness, 41
Du Huo ji Sheng Tang (Pubescent
Angelica Root and Mistletoe
Decoction), 233
Du Shen Tang (Pure Ginseng Decoction),
278,284
Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae Ulmoidis)
damage to renal function, 116
promoting the production of
leukocytes and macrophages, 64
warming the Kidneys and
strengthening Yang, 35
Ductal carcinoma, 435, 444, 446
Dyes, as potential carcinogen, 22
Dysmenorrhea, 310
Dysphagia, 3, 8, 12, 14, 25, 26, 40, 417,
425, 426, 427, 428, 434, 450
Dyspnea, 70, 132, 134, 138, 221
Dysuria, 145,146,148,149
E Jiao (Gelatinum Corii Asini)
bone marrow suppression, 88
cardiotoxicity, 138
decrease in hemoglobin, 89
promoting the production of
leukocytes and macrophages, 64
supplementing Qi and nourishing the
Blood, 33
E Jim HuangQin Tang (Donkey-Hide
Gelatin and Scutellaria Decoction
127
E Jiao Nuo Mi Zhou (Donkey-Hide
Gelatin and Glutinous Rice
Congee), 389
E-rosette (erythrocyte rosette)
formation, 88
E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae)
invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 40
radiation cystitis, 146
softening hardness and dissipating
lumps, 42
Ear acupuncture
after surgery
for esophageal cancer, 429
for lung cancer, 459-60
for nasopharyngeal cancer, 417
for stomach cancer, 488, 489-90
bladder cancer, 533
lung cancer, 457
nasopharyngeal cancer, 415
nausea and vomiting, 161,176
Early menstruation, 311-18
Early-morning diarrhea, 485
Early or prolonged menstruation
patterns
Blood-Heat due to exuberant Yang,
311
Blood-Heat due to Liver Depression,
312
Blood-Heat due to Yin Deficiency,
313
Blood stasis, 316
non-consolidation of Kidney Qi, 314
Spleen Qi Deficiency, 315
Ecliptae Prostratae, Herba, see Han
Lian Cao
Edema as the main clinical manifest-
ation of damage to renal function,
115,117-19
Effulgent Fire due to Kidney
Deficiency, 288
Effulgent Yin Deficiency-Fire, 263, 266,
272,275
Electro-acupuncture, 98, 161
Emotional disturbances
and anorexia, 177
and dry mouth, 190
and nausea and vomiting, 160
INDEX 589
as a factor causing cancer, 38
role in the formation of tumors, 25
Empirical formulae
bone marrow suppression, 98-102
damage to renal function, 123-4
dry mouth and tongue patterns, 198-
99
herbal medicine in chemotherapy,
76-77
mouth and throat ulcers due to
radiotherapy, 198
nausea and vomiting, 172-76
Endocrine therapy, 310, 442, 443
for breast cancer, side-effects, 442
Endometrial carcinoma, 303, 309, 310,
318
Enduring damage to Heart Yin, 141
Enhancing the immune function, role
of Chinese medicine, 53
Enriching Yin and nourishing the
Blood, as cancer treatment
principle, 34
Environmental carcinogens associated
with the development of cancer,
21,22
Eosinophil infiltration, 103
Eosinophils, 87
Ephedrae, Herba, see Ma Huang
Epiadriamycin, 444
and hair loss, 201
Epimedii, Herba, see Yin Yang Huo
Epstein-Barr virus, as potential
carcinogen, 22, 411
Er Cha (Pasta Acaciae seu Uncariae),
for skin ulcers in cancer, 334
Er Chen Tang (Two Matured Ingredients
Decoction), 186, 223, 431, 486,
515
ErXian Tang (Two Immortals
Decoction), 195
Er Xian Wen Shen Tang (Two Immortals
Decoction for Warming the
Kidneys), 94
Er Zhi Wan (Double Supreme Pill), 232,
234
Eriobotryae Japonicae, Folium, see Pi
Pa Ye
Erythrocytes, 87, 93
Esophageal cancer, 8, 9, 13, 19, 21, 22,
23, 24, 25, 35, 39,44, 70, 78, 79,80,
82-3, 98, 109, 122, 125, 168, 169,
170, 196, 211,221, 237, 239,244,
303, 348, 357, 361, 363, 370, 399,
425-34
590 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
clinical experience and case histories,
434
clinical manifestations, 425
diet therapy, 433
etiology and pathology, 426
integration of Chinese medicine in
treatment strategies, 428
chemotherapy, 431
overall combined therapy, 432
radiotherapy, 430
clearing Heat and relieving
Toxicity, 430
cooling and supplementing Qi
and Blood, 430
fortifying the Spleen and harm-
onizing the Stomach, 430
nausea and vomiting, 431
poor appetite, 430
generating Body Fluids and
moistening Dryness, 430
surgery and postoperative period,
428
acupuncture treatment, 429
ear acupuncture treatment, 429
internal treatment, 428
depletion and damage to Qi
and Blood, 429
Qi and Yin Deficiency, 429
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 426
depletion of Qi and Blood due to
debility in old age, 427
Depression and binding of Liver
Qi, 426
Phlegm stasis and Qi stagnation,
426
Qigong therapy, 434
treatment notes, 432
Ethyl carbinol, as potential carcinogen,
22
Etiological factors in the formation of
tumors, 19-27
Blood stasis, 23
diet, 21-23
internal damage caused by the seven
emotions, 25
miscellaneous external factors, 21
Phlegm-Damp, 23
Qi stagnation, 23
Six Excesses, 19-21
Zang-Fu organs, Deficiency and
depletion of, 25-27
Etiology and pathology of tumors in
TCM, 19-27
Etoposide, 72, 73,467
fever, 243
hair loss, 201, 204, 205
nausea and vomiting, 159,170
Eucommiae Ulmoidis, Cortex, see Du
Zhong
Euonymi, Lignum Suberalatum, see Gui
Jian Yu
Euphoriae Longanae, Arillus, see Long
Yan Rou
Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga, see Tu
Bie Chong
Euryales Ferocis, Semen, seeQian Shi
EX-B-2 Jiaji, for warming Yang and
augmenting Qi, 45
Excess-Heat, 54, 120, 246, 287, 311
Excess of pathogenic factors, 54, 215,
287
Excess-type distension in ascites, 304
Excessive weight, as etiological factor,
23
EX-HN-12 Jinjin, in acupressure and
massage Qigong, 347,348
EX-HN-13 Yuye, in acupressure and
massage Qigong, 347,348
Expectoration of blood, see
Hemoptysis
Experimental studies
bone marrow
protective effect on bone marrow
stromal cells, 93
protective effect on hematopoietic
progenitor cells, 93-4
effect on gallbladder function, 109
effect on liver function, 109
External application of materia medica
for cancer pain, 238-41
commonly used formulae, 238
empirical formulae, 239
for colorectal cancer, 506
for dispersing water (in ascites),
307
for pleural effusion, 300-301
for skin ulcers, 333-36
in breast cancer, 440-41, 442
External factors, miscellaneous, as a
cause of cancer, 21
External pathogenic Heat Toxins, 450
Extra syStole, 137
Exuberance and stagnation of Heat
Toxins, 411
Exuberance of Heat Toxins, 43, 215,
490
Exuberant Heat
in the Lower Burner, 287
in the Lungs, 129
Exuberant Heat Toxins
after radiotherapy for ovarian cancer,
516
diet therapy, 354
in late-stage lung cancer, 74
internal, 78
Exuberant Phlegm-Damp, as etiology
of lung cancer, 450
Exuberant Phlegm-turbidity, 297
EX-UE-11 Shixuan, for clearing Heat
and relieving Toxicity, 47
Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae
Praeparata)
anorexia, 178
nausea and vomiting, 161
transforming Phlegm and dispelling
Dampness, 41
Fan wei (stomach reflux), 12, 14, 496-97
Fang Feng (Radix Ledebouriellae
Divaricatae), postoperative use for
augmenting Qi and consolidating
the exterior, 56
Fang Zhi Fang Liao Du Fu Fan Ying De
Chang YonJi Ben Fang (Commonly
Used Basic Formula for Preventing
Toxic Reactions and Side-Effects
from Radiotherapy), 69, 78
Fang Zhi Hua Liao Du Fu Fan Ying De
Chang Yong Ji Ben Fang (Commonly
Used Basic Formula for Preventing
Toxic Reactions and Side-Effects
from Chemotherapy), 69, 71
Fe, qi {fat Qi), 4
Fei wei (Lung Wei syndrome), 454
Fen Mi Zheng Bar He (Lily Bulb Steamed
with Honey), 362,402
Feng Fang (Nidus Vespae), for skin
ulcers in cancer, 336
Fever, 243-52
additional treatment methods, 252
after radiotherapy for lung cancer,
460
after radiotherapy for stomach cancer,
491
complication of liver cancer, 477
due to infection, 243
due to Yin Deficiency, 243
etiology and pathology, 243
accumulation and steaming of
Damp-Heat, 244
depletion and Deficiency of Qi
and Blood, 244
internal obstruction of Blood stasis,
244
 INDEX 591

Yang Qi Deficiency, 244 Fortifying the Spleen and harmonizing Fu Zheng Zeng Xiao Fang (Synergistic
Yin Deficiency, 243 the Stomach, as cancer treatment Formula for Supporting Vital Qi),
n cancer,
in breast cancer, 252 principle, 36-37 69,79
in cancer of the stomach and Fraxini, Cortex, see Qin Pi Fu Zi (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmich-
intestines, 252 Free posture, in strengthening Qigong, aeli Praeparata), for warming the
in liver cancer, 244, 249, 251, 252 343 Kidneys and strengthening Yang,
aiology in lung cancer, 244, 252 Fritillariae Thunbergii, Bulbus, see Zhe 35
in nasopharyngeal cancer, 415 Bei Mu Fu Zi LU Zhong Tang (Aconite Decoction
97 in pancreatic cancer, 249 Fu Hai Shi (Os Costaziae seu Pumex), for Regulating the Middle Burner),
ig Heat pattern identification and treatment for softening hardness and 520
principles, 244 dissipating lumps, 42 Fu Zi Li Zbong Wan (Aconite Pill for
accumulation and steaming of Fu hang (deep-lying beam), 4, 7 Regulating the Middle Burner), 226
Ternatae Damp-Heat, 249 Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos)
fever due to Blood Deficiency, 246 anorexia, 178 Galii, Herba, see Xue Jian Chou
fever due to Qi Deficiency, 247 cardiotoxicity, 138 Gallstones, 255
fever due to Yang Deficiency, 250 damage to renal function, 116 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT),
spelling fever due to Yin deficiency, 244 effect on liver function, 109 104,110
internal obstruction of Blood stasis, fortifying the Spleen and boosting Gan Ai Tang (Liver Cancer Decoction),
4,496-97 251 the Kidneys, 37 480
to Fibrosarcoma, 88 fortifying the Spleen and Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)
'e use for Fibrosis in radiation pneumonitis, 129 harmonizing the Stomach, 36 anorexia, 178
olidating Fid Caricae, Receptaculum, see Wu hair loss, 202 cardiotoxicity, 138
Hua Guo nausea and vomiting, 161 damage to liver function, 104
'ing De Figs, use in diet therapy, 358, 359, 365, radiation cystitis, 146 effect on liver function, 109
-mmonly 381 radiation proctitis, 152 fortifying the Spleen and boosting
'reventing Filiform needle acupuncture, use in supplementing Qi and nourishing the the Kidneys, 37
Effects management of cancer, 44 Blood, 33 radiation cystitis, 146
'8 Fire Toxins scorching Yin, as an transforming Phlegm and dispelling radiation proctitis, 152
'ing De etiological factor in the formation Dampness, 41 supplementing Qi and nourishing the
,mmonly of tumors, 21 Fu Ling Bao Zi (Poria-Stuffed Bun), 405 Blood, 34
'reventing 5-fluorouracil, 57, 60, 68, 122, 131, 196, Fu Ling Yi Mi Zhou (Poria and Coix Gan Cao Cha (Licorice Root and
Effects 421,444, 462, 494, 495, 498, 508, Seed Congee), 355, 364, 395, 508 Honeysuckle Tea), 370
71 510,511 Fu Mai Tang (Pulse-Restoring Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis
causing nausea and vomiting, 159, Decoction), 142 Officinalis), for nausea and
454 170 Fu Pi Yue Wei Tang (Decoction for vomiting, 161
Steamed Fleeceflower root, use in diet therapy, Supporting the Spleen and Gan Lu Xiao Du Dan (Sweet Dew
362,395 Delighting the Stomach), 464 Special Pill for Dispersing
skin Flooding and spotting, 6, 310, 523 Fu Yuan Huo Xue Tang (Decoction for Toxicity), 186, 256
Fo Shou (Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis), for Restoring the Origin and Gan Mai Da Zao Tang (Licorice, Wheat
dredging the Liver and regulating Invigorating the Blood), 229 and Chinese Date Decoction), 266
Is, 252 Qi, 39 Fu Zbeng Fang Ai Kou Fu Ye (Oral Gan Zbe Leo Bo Zhi (Sugarcane and
:ancer, Fo Shou Gan Zhou (Buddha's Hand Liquid for Supporting Vital Qi and Turnip juice), 367
Congee), 392 Preventing Cancer), 499 Ganoderma, see Ling Zbi
.ch cancer, Food preferences (as etiological factor), Fu Zbeng Huo Xue Tang (Decoction for Gao Li Shen (Radix Ginseng Coreensis),
23 Supporting Vital Qi and use in diet therapy, 360
1 477 Foods and materia medica used in diet Invigorating the Blood), 67 Gardeniae Jasminoidis, Fructus, see Zhi
therapy, 359-66 Fu Zheng Jie Du Chong Ji (Soluble Zi
Formulae for external application for Granules for Supporting Vital Qi Gastrectomy, 494,495
cancer pain, 238-41 and Relieving Toxicity), 63, 80, 462, Gastrointestinal hemorrhage, 111, 112,
ig of Forsythiae Suspensae, Fructus, see Lian 4512 278-87
Qiao Fu Zheng Pai Du Kang Ai Fang (Formula GB-20 Fengchi, for dry mouth, 190
of Qi Fortifying the Spleen and boosting the for Supporting Vital Qi, Expelling GB-34 Yanglingquan
Kidneys, as cancer treatment Toxins and Inhibiting Cancer, 71, clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
ood stasis, principle, 37-38 72 47
 lic
592 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
damage to liver function, 104
invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 46
moving Qi and alleviating pain, 47
GB-39 Xuanzhong
bone marrow suppression, 89
damage to liver function, 104
supplementing the Blood and raising
WBC, 46
Ge GenQin Lian Tang (Kudzu Vine,
Scutellaria and Coptis Decoction),
152,507
Ge sai (obstruction in the diaphragm), 3
Ge shi (food obstruction in the
diaphragm), 13
Ge Xia Zhu Yu Tang (Decoction for
Expelling Stasis from Below the
Diaphragm), 12, 106, 223, 227, 478
Ge thong (dysphagia), 3
Generalized pain, 161, 235, 446,465
Generating Body Fluids and moistening
Dryness, after radiotherapy for
esophageal cancer, 430
Generation of Phlegm-Fluids, 213
Genetic and immune factors in the
origin of tumors, 26
Gentianae Scabrae, Radix, see Long Dan
Cao
Gigeriae Galh, Endothelium Corneum,
see Ji Nei jin
Ginkgo Bilobae, Semen, see Bai Guo
Ginkgo, use in diet therapy, 364, 461
Ginseng, Radix, see Ren Shen
Ginseng, use in diet therapy, 360, 374,
390,404
Ginseng Alba, Radix, see Bai Shen
Ginseng Coreensis, Radix, see Gao Li
Shen
Ginseng Rubra, Radix, see Hong Shen
Gleditsiae Sinensis, Spina, see Zao Jiao
Ci
Glehniae Littoralis, Radix, see Bei Sha
Shen
Glehniae seu Adenophorae, Radix, see
Sha Sben
Glycyrrhizae, Radix, see Gan Cao
Glycyrrhizae, Radix (mix-fried with
honey), see Zhi Gan Cao
Goiter, 6, 8, 24, 41, 42, 47, 353, 365
GouQi Cha (Wolfberry Tea), 361
GouQi Jiu (Wolfberry Liquor), 361
GouQi Zi (Fructus Lycii)
bone marrow suppression, 88
dredging the Liver and regulating Qi,
39
enriching Yin and nourishing the
Blood, 34
fortifying the Spleen and boosting
the Kidneys, 37
hair loss, 202
leukopenia, 89
nourishing Yin and generating Body
Fluids, 35
promoting humoral immunity, 65
promoting the production of
leukocytes and macrophages, 64
promoting the production of T
lymphocytes, 65
supplementing Qi and nourishing the
Blood, 33
use in diet therapy, 357, 358, 359, 361,
362, 373, 374, 375, 376, 379, 381,
382, 383, 384, 385, 391, 395,403
Granulocyte lineage, 87, 93
Granulocytes, 87, 93
Granulocytopenia, 87, 89
Granuloma formation, 103
Green tea, 359, 361, 364, 368, 369, 404
Gu Fa Tang (Consolidating the Hair
Decoction), 204
Gu Shen Wan (Grain Spirit Pill), 183
Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis)
radiation pneumonitis, 126
softening hardness and dissipating
lumps, 42
transforming Phlegm and dispelling
Dampness, 41
Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang
(Tricosanthes, Chinese Chive and
Pinellia Decoction), 222
Gui Ban (Plastrum Testudinis), postop-
erative use for nourishing Yin and
generating Body Fluids, 56
Gui Ban Jiao (Gelatinum Plastri
Testudinis)
bone marrow suppression, 88
decrease in the number of platelets,
89
enriching Yin and nourishing the
Blood, 34
Gui Fu Ba Wei Wan (Cinnamon Bark
and Aconite Eight-Ingredient Pill),
A GV-20 Baihui
Gui Hua Lian Zi Tang (Osmanthus
Flower and Lotus Seed Soup), 377
Gui Jian Yu (Lignum Suberalatum
. Euonymi)
invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 40,
66
moving the Blood and freeing Blood
stasis, 66
Gui Pi Mai Pian Zhou (Angelica and
Oatmeal Congee), 396
Gui Pi Tang (Spleen-Returning
Decoction), 90,139, 246, 282, 289,
493, 518, 526
GuiQi San Jiao Tang (Chinese Angelica
Root, Astragalus and Three Glues
Decoction), 464
Gui Shao Di Huang Tang (Chinese
Angelica Root, Peony and
Rehmannia Decoction), 91
Gui Shao Liu Jun Zi Tang (Chinese
Angelica Root and Peony Six
Gentlemen Decoction), 462
Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae),
for cardiotoxicity, 138
Gui Zbi Fu Ling Wan (Cinnamon Twig
and Poria Pill), 124
Gui Zhi Gan Cao Tang (Cinnamon Twig
and Licorice Decoction), 141
Gui Zbi Tang (Cinnamon Twig
Decoction), 265
Gummi Olibanum, see Ru Xiang
GV-4 Mingmen
meditation in relaxation Qigong, 348
regulating and supplementing the
Spleen and Kidneys, 45
supplementing the Blood and raising
WBC, 46
warming Yang and augmenting Qi,
45
GV-14 Dazhui
clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
47
damage to liver function, 104
invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 46
leukopenia, 89
radiation pneumonitis, 126
supplementing the Blood and raising
WBC, 46
warming Yang and augmenting Qi,
45
GV-1 5 Yamen, for supplementing the
Blood and raising WBC, 46
hair loss, 202
invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 46
Hai Dai (Laminaria japonica), use
in diet therapy, 365, 370, 383,
399

Hai Dai Mx Pian Zhou (Kelp and
g Blood Oatmeal Congee), 365, 399
Hai Ge Ke (Concha Meretricis seu
and
Cyclinae), for softening hardness
and dissipating lumps, 42
Hai Shen Yu Pian Zhou (Sea Cucumber
?82, 289,
and Fish Slice Congee), 391
Hai Zao (Herba Sargassi), for softening
Lngelica
!e Glues hardness and dissipating lumps, 42
Hai Zao Yu Hu Tang (Sargassum Jade
Flask Decoction), 486
se
Hai Zao Yu Hu Wan (Sargassum Jade
Flask Pill), 73
Hai Zhe Bi Shen Tang (Jellyfish, Water
Chestnut and Codonopsis Soup),
365,383
Hair loss, 33, 201-205, 460
clinical observation report, 204
etiology and pathology, 201
)n Twig
general treatment methods, 201
pattern identification and treatment
on Twig
principles, 202
141
Blood Deficiency, 202
Yin Deficiency, 203
Hairy vein agrimony, use in diet therapy,
ng
364,400
Han Lion Cao (Herba Ecliptae
nng, 348
ig the Prostratae), for promoting the
production of T lymphocytes, 65
Harringtonine, 94
id raising
Hawthorn fruit, 354, 357, 358, 359, 365,
369, 387, 399,406, 419, 420,443,
ing Qi,
479,494
He Che Da Zao Wan (Placenta Great
Creation Pill), 65, 94
toxicity,
He Rang San Jian Wan (Pill for
Harmonizing Nourishment and
)4
Dissipating Hardness), 216
He Shou Wu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori)
Isis, 46
bone marrow suppression, 89
decrease in hemoglobin, 89
fortifying the Spleen and boosting
ad raising
the Kidneys, 37
hair loss, 202
ting Qi,
promoting the production of
leukocytes and macrophages, 64
icing the
promoting the production of T
46
lymphocytes, 65
use in diet therapy, 362, 395
He Tao Ken Bai He Zhou (Walnut Kernel
and Lily Bulb Congee), 357, 362
asis, 46
He Ye (Folium Nelumbinis Nuciferae),
for skin ulcers in cancer, 335
1, use
He Zao Yin (Agrimony and Date
1383,
Beverage), 364, 371
He Zi (Fructus Terminaliae Chebulae),
for radiation proctitis, 152
Headache, 43, 171, 211, 327, 380, 411,
415, 417, 450
as complication associated with
cancer, 216-21
channel conductors, 221
due to cerebral tumors, 239, 240
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 216
Blood stasis, 219
internal accumulation of Heat
Toxins, 217
Phlegm turbidity, 218
Qi and Blood Deficiency, 220
Wind-Cold obstruction, 216
Heart and Spleen Deficiency, 90,139
after chemotherapy for stomach
cancer, 492
Heart Yin Deficiency, 138
Heat accumulating in the Stomach, 279
Heat constipation, 327
Heat damaging the Blood network
vessels, 149
Heat or Cold attacking the chest and
Lungs, 295
Heat Toxins, 19, 23, 35, 40, 43, 46, 47,
63, 78, 115,131, 133, 151, 213, 214,
215, 253, 310, 318, 412, 454, 502,
528,531
and Lung Yin deficiency, 450
exuberance and stagnation of, 411
internal binding of, 148
pouring downward to the Bladder,
532
retained in the Lungs, 126,128
Hedgehog hydnum, use in diet therapy,
358, 360, 366, 381, 382
Hedyotidis Diffusae, Herba, see Bai
Hua She She Cao
Hei ZhiMa (Semen Sesami Indici), for
hair loss, 202
Hei Zhi Ma ErMi Zhou (Black Sesame
Seed, Rice and Millet Congee), 386,
387
Hekcobacterpylori infection, as potential
carcinogen, 22, 483
Her4afecia, 284-87
due to radiotherapy, 284
etiology and pathology, 285
in colorectal cancer, 285
in liver cancer, 285
in stomach cancer, 285
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 285
INDEX 593
Damp-Heat in the Intestines, 285
Deficiency-Cold in the Spleen and
Stomach, 286
Hematemesis, 278-84
etiology and pathology, 278
in metastatic liver cancer, 279
in nasopharyngeal cancer, 279
in primary liver cancer, 279
in stomach cancer, 279
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 278
Damp-Heat in the Liver and
Gallbladder, 281
Deficiency-Heat in the Spleen and
Stomach, 280
Heat accumulating in the Stomach,
279
Liver-Fire attacking the Stomach,
279
Qi debilitation and Blood
Deficiency, 283
Spleen Qi Deficiency, 282
Hematopoiesis, 46, 48, 62, 63, 70, 71,
87, 93, 98,400
Hematuria, 116, 145, 146, 149, 271,
287-91, 531, 535, 536, 537
empirical formulae, 291
etiology and pathology, 287
in bladder cancer, 287
in cancer of the rectum, 287
in kidney cancer, 287
in liver cancer, 287
in prostate cancer, 287
in radiation cystitis, 287
in stomach cancer, 287
in urethral cancer, 287
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 287
effulgent Fire due to Kidney
Deficiency, 288
exuberant Heat in the Lower
Burner, 288
non-consolidation of Kidney Qi,
290
Spleen failing to control the Blood,
289
Hemilateral or local sweating, 265, 266
Hemoglobin (Hb), 57, 58, 70, 72, 87, 88,
89, 94, 101
Hemoptysis, 272-88
as sign of bronchogenic carcinoma,
272
etiology and pathology, 272
Blood stasis obstructing the Lung
network vessels, 272
594 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
congestion and exuberance of
Lung-Heat, 272
Deficient Qi failing to ensure
containment, 273
effulgent Yin Deficiency-Fire, 272
Liver-Fire attacking the Lungs, 272
in intermediate and late stages of
lung cancer, 273
in primary and metastasized lung
cancer, 274, 275, 277
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 273
congestion and exuberance of
Lung-Heat, 273
effulgent Yin Deficiency-Fire, 275
Liver-Fire attacking the Lungs, 274
other, 277
Qi Deficiency, 277
Hemorrhage, 41, 95, 96, 104, 111, 145,
240, 271-92, 382, 385, 535
due to chemotherapy, 271
due to radiotherapy, 271
due to tumor necrosis, 271
Hepatic glycogen, 109
Hepatitis, 16, 21, 22,103, 366, 386, 392,
473, 480, 481
Hepatitis viruses, as potential
carcinogen, 22, 473
Hepatocellular carcinomas, 243, 473
Hepatomegaly, 106, 483
Herbal medicine
abdominal pain, 225, 226, 227, 228
anorexia, 179,180,181,182,183,184
ascites, 304, 305, 306
bladder cancer, 532, 533, 535
bone marrow suppression, 90, 91, 92,
99-102
breast cancer, 436-39, 440, 441
cardiotoxicity, 138,139,140,,141,142
cervical cancer, 524-27, 528
chest pain, 221, 222, 223, 224
colorectal cancer, 502-06, 507
constipation, 327, 328, 329, 330
damage to liver function, 104, 105,
106, 107, 108
damage to renal function, 117, 118,
119, 120, 121
dry mouth and tongue, 190-2,193,
194,195
esophageal cancer, 426-8, 429, 430,
431, 432, 433
fever in cancer, 244-6, 246-7, 248,
249, 250, 251, 252
hair loss, 202, 203
headache, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220
hemafecia, 285, 286
hematemesis, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283
hematuria, 288, 289, 290, 291
hemoptysis, 273, 274, 275, 277
in treatment strategies for
radiotherapy and chemotherapy,
69-70, 71-77, 79-82
jaundice, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260
liver cancer, 474-79
lower back pain, 233, 234, 235, 236
lung cancer, 450-56,457-58, 460, 461
menstrual disorders, 311, 313, 314,
315, 316, 319, 320, 321, 322, 324
nasopharyngeal cancer, 412-15,415-
16,417-19
nausea and vomiting, 161, 163, 164,
165,166,167,172-5
ovarian cancer, 514-17
pain in the hypochondrium, 229,230,
231,232
pleural effusion, 295, 296, 298, 299
profuse sweating, 264, 265, 266, 267
prostate cancer, 541-543
radiation cystitis, 146, 147, 148, 149
radiation pneumonitis, 126, 127, 128,
129,130
radiation proctitis, 153, 154, 155
stomach cancer, 484-88, 489, 491-93
treating side-effects of radiotherapy
and chemotherapy, 62-66
use before and after surgery, 55
use in treating tumors, 33-43
clearing Heat and relieving
Toxicity, 43
dredging the Liver and regulating
Qi, 39
enriching Yin and nourishing the
Blood, 34
fortifying the Spleen and boosting
the Kidneys, 37-38
fortifying the Spleen and
harmonizing the Stomach, 36
invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 40
nourishing Yin and generating
Body Fluids, 35
softening hardness and dissipating
lumps, 42
supplementing Qi and nourishing
the Blood, 33-34
transforming Phlegm and
dispelling Dampness, 41
warming the Kidneys and
strengthening Yang, 35-36
High fever, 20, 21, 32, 54, 133, 217, 243,
245, 247, 257, 369, 371, 378
complication of lung cancer, 455
complication of nasopharyngeal
cancer, 415
Hirudo seu Whitmania, see Shui Zhi
Hoarse voice, 14, 15, 427, 450, 460
acupuncture treatment after surgery
for lung cancer, 459
Hodgkin's lymphoma, 109,125,169,
204
Holism, as basic treatment principle,
29-30
Holotrichiae, Vermiculus, see Qi Cao
Hominis, Crinis Carbonisatus, see Xue
Yu Tan
Hominis, Placenta, see Zi He Che
Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii)
external application for cancer pain,
238
invigorating the Blood and trans-
forming Blood stasis, 40, 66
moving the Blood and freeing Blood
stasis, 66
supplementing Qi and nourishing the
Blood, 33
Hong Shen (Radix Ginseng Rubra)
promoting the production of T
lymphocytes, 65
use in diet therapy, 360
Hong Zao Gui Yuan Zbou (Chinese Date
and Longan Congee), 386, 390,
443
Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis)
dredging the Liver and regulating Qi,
39
effect on liver function, 109
Hou Po San Wu Tang (Magnolia Bark
Three Agents Decoction), 226
Hou Tou Gu (Hydnum Erinaceus), use
in diet therapy, 358, 360, 366, 381,
382
Houttuynia, use in diet therapy, 365,
366,370
Houttuyniae Cordatae, Herba, see Yu
Xing Cao
HT-3 Shaohai, for transforming
Phlegm, softening hardness and
dissipating lumps, 47
HT-6 Yinxi, for cardiotoxicity, 138
Hu Luo Bo Zhou (Carrot Congee), 386
Hu Lao Bo Zi Cai Tang (Carrot and
Laver Soup), 371
Hu Tao Du Zhong Tang (Walnut and
Eucommia Bark Soup), 355, 382
 INDEX 595

217, 243, Hu Tao Ren Bai He Zhou (Walnut Kernel supplementing Qi and nourishing the HuangQi Hou Ton Tang (Astragalus and
,8 and Lily Bulb Congee), 394 Blood, 33 Hedgehog Hydnum Soup), 360,
455 Hu Zhang (Radix et Rhizoma Polygoni Huang Jing Er Mi Zhou (Siberian 381
;eal Cuspidati) Solomon's Seal Rhizome, Rice and HuangQi Hui Shi fin (Assorted
effect on gallbladder function, 109 Millet Congee), 397 Ingredients Braised with
ri Zhi invigorating the Blood and Huang Jing Ju Guo Tang (Siberian Astragalus Root), 360
460 transforming Blood stasis, 40 Solomon's Seal Rhizome, HuangQi Ji Rou Zhou (Astragalus and
surgery leukopenia, 89 Tangerine and Apple Soup), 379 Chicken Congee), 360, 393
Hua Du Pian (Tablet for Transforming Huang Jing Shan Yao Dun ji Kuai HuangQi Jian Zhong Tang (Astragalus
i, 169, Toxicity), 519 - (Chicken Stewed with Siberian Decoction for Fortifying the
Hua Ji Wan (Pill for Transforming Solomon's Seal Rhizome and Middle Burner), 65,228
iciple, Accumulations), 260 Chinese Yam), 405 HuangQi Tang (Astragalus Decoction
Hua Jian Ye (Liquid for Transforming Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 329
2i Cao Hardness), 519, 520, 521 clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity, HuangQin (Radix Scutellariae
see Xue Hua Sheng Yi (Testa Arachidis), for a 43 Baicalensis)
decrease in the number of platelets, dry mouth, 190 clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
;he 89 nausea and vomiting, 161 43
torii) Hua Shi (Talcum), for radiation cystitis, skin ulcers in cancer, 335 damage to liver function, 104
er pain, 146 Huang Lian ShangQing Wan (Coptis Pill damage to renal function, 117
Hua Yu Sheng Ji Fen (Powder for for Clearing the Upper Body), 217 effect on gallbladder function, 109
rans- Transforming Blood Stasis and Huang Lian Wen Dan Tang (Coptis radiation proctitis, 152
D, 66 Generating Flesh), 440 Decoction for Warming the skin ulcers in cancer, 335
ig Blood Hua Yu Wan (Pill for Transforming Gallbladder), 223 Huang Sun Rou Si Tang (Air Potato,
Depression), 519, 520 HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari) Bamboo Shoot and Shredded Meat
shing the Huai Hua (Flos Sophorae Japonicae), bone marrow suppression, 88 Soup), 382
for radiation proctitis, 152 cardiotoxicity, 138 Huang Tu Tang (Yellow Earth
ra) Huai Hua Di Yu Tang (Pagoda Tree damage to liver function, 104 Decoction), 286
fT Flower and Sanguisorba Root damage to renal function, 116 Huang Yu Shen Geng (Yellow Croaker
Decoction), 502 decrease in hemoglobin, 89 and Sea Cucumber Broth), 375
Huai Hua San (Pagoda Tree Flower decrease in the number of platelets, Hui Yang Wan (Yang-Returning Pill),
-se Date Powder), 155 89 520
Huai Jiao Wan (Pagoda Tree Fruit Pill), dry mouth, 190 Human papilloma virus, as potential
1 390,
285 effect on liver function, 109 carcinogen, 22, 523
icinalis) Huang Bed (Cortex Phellodendri) fortifying the Spleen and boosting Huo Xiang (Herba Agastaches seu
sting Qi, clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity, the Kidneys, 37 Pogostemi)
43 fortifying the Spleen and nausea and vomiting, 161
skin ulcers in cancer, 335 harmonizing the Stomach, 36 transforming Phlegm and dispelling
i Bark Huang Hua E Jiao Dan Tang (Day Lily, leukopenia, 89 Dampness, 41
226 Donkey-Hide Gelatin and Egg postoperative use for augmenting Qi Huo Xiang ZhengQi San
us), use Yolk Soup), 355, 378 and consolidating the exterior, (Agastache/Patchouli Vital Qi
366, 381, Huang Jing (Rhizoma Polygonati) 56 Powder), 161,179
bone marrow suppression, 88 promoting the production of Huo Xue Tang (Decoction for
7,365, damage to liver function, 104 leukocytes and macrophages, 64 Invigorating the Blood), 66
fortifying the Spleen and boosting promoting the production of T Hydnum Erinaceus, see Hou Tou Gu
see Yu the Kidneys, 38 lymphocytes, 65 Hysterectomy, 61, 309, 516, 520, 527
hair loss, 202 sin ulcers in cancer, 333
tg leukopenia, 89 supplementing Qi and nourishing the Identifying patterns and seeking disease
:ss and postoperative use for nourishing Yin Blood, 33 causes, 30
and generating Body Fluids, 56 use in diet therapy, 360, 368, 370, Immovable abdominal masses (Zheng), 6
138 promoting humoral immunity, 65 373, 374, 376, 379, 380, 381, Immune system deficiency, 53-54
:e), 386 promoting the production of 385, 390, 391, 393, 396, 398, Imperatae Cylindricae, Rhizoma, see
and leukocytes and macrophages, 64 402,403 Bai Mao Gen
promoting the production of T HuangQi Hai Dai Yin (Astragalus and Inappropriate diet, etiological factor in
t and lymphocytes, 65 Kelp Beverage), 355, 360, 365, 370 the formation of tumors, 21
55,382
596 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Increase in vaginal discharge after
surgery for cervical cancer,
acupuncture treatment, 528
Increased bowel frequency after
radiation, 151
Indigo Naturalis, see Qing Dai
Infiltrative ductal carcinoma, 336, 444,
446
Inhalations, for cancer pain, 240
Inhibited movement of Blood due to
Qi Deficiency, 214
Inner-nourishing Qigong, 344-46
indications, 346
meditation, 346
notes, 346
postures
latericumbent, 344
sitting, 345
strengthening, 345
supine, 344
respiration, 345
Insufficiency of
Heart Yang, 141
Kidney Qi, 531
Kidney Yang, 534
Kidney Yin, 34, 189, 447, 540
Liver Yin, 232
Lung Qi, 294
Qi and Blood, 326, 495
Qi in the Zang organs, 294
Stomach Yin, etiology of nausea and
vomiting, 160
the Liver and Kidneys, 318, 320, 444
Yin and Blood, 34
Integration of TCM with Western
medicine in the treatment of
cancer, 15-16, 47-48, 53-54, 55
Interferon, 88
Interleukin-2, 88
Intermediate-stage cancer, definition,
54
Internal accumulation of Damp-Heat,
502
Internal accumulation of Heat Toxins,
213, 217, 419, 422
Deficiency-Fire pattern, 217
Excess-Fire pattern, 217
Internal damage caused by the seven
emotions (as etiological factor), 25
Internal generation of Damp-Heat, 103
Internal generation of Yin-Cold, 326
Internal Heat due to Yin Deficiency,
120, 126, 264, 298, 330
in late-stage lung cancer, 74
in the late stage of cancers, 35
Internal obstruction of
Blood stasis, 244, 251
Damp-Heat, 226
Toxins, 503
Invasion by external pathogenic factors,
as etiology of nausea and vomiting,
160
Invasion of Damp Toxins, as an
etiological factor in the formation
of tumors, 20-1
Invasion of pathogenic Cold, as an
etiological factor in the formation
of tumors, 20
Invasion of pathogenic factors, as
etiology of dry mouth, 189
Invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, as
cancer treatment principle, 39-41
to treat side-effects of radiotherapy
and chemotherapy, 65-66
Ionizing radiation, as potential
carcinogen, 22
Isatidis seu Baphicacanthi, Folium, see
DaQing Ye
Isatidis seu Baphicacanthi, Radix, see
Ban Lan Gen
Isopropanol, as potential carcinogen, 22
Jaundice, 4, 40, 41, 67, 69, 77, 103, 110,
249, 250, 253-61, 473, 477, 483,
491
etiology and pathology, 253
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 254
acute jaundice, 257
Cold-Damp encumbering the
Spleen, 258
Deficiency of Qi and Blood, 259
Deficiency of Vital Qi, 260
Yang jaundice, 255-57
Yang jaundice transforming into
Yin jaundice, 260
Yin jaundice, 258-60
Jellyfish, 357, 359, 365, 383, 406
Ji Cai Yin (Houttuynia, Astragalus and
Lepidium Beverage), 365, 370
Ji Chuan Jian jia Ran Gui (Ferry Brew
Plus Cinnamon Bark), 330
Ji Nei Jin (Endothelium Corneum
Gigeriae Galli), for damage to liver
function, 104
Ji Sheng ShenQi Wan (Life Saver Kidney
Qi Pill), 305
Ji Xue Teng (Caulis Spatholobi)
bone marrow suppression, 88
decrease in hemoglobin, 89
enriching Yin and nourishing the
Blood, 34
invigorating the Blood and trans-
forming Blood stasis, 40, 66
leukopenia, 89
nourishing the Blood and
harmonizing the Blood
vessels, 66
promoting the production of
leukocytes and macrophages,
64
Ji Zhi Bao Yu Tang (Chicken Broth with
Abalone), 376
Ji Zhi Su Mi Geng (Chicken Stock and
Sweet Com Broth), 378
Jia Wei ErMian San (Augmented
Mysterious Two Powder), 234
Jia Wei Lei ji Ye (Augmented Struck by
Lightning Liquid), 240
Jia Wei Xi Huang Jiao Nang (Augmented
Western Bovine Bezoar Capsule),
434
Jia Wei Xi Huang Wan (Augmented
Western Bovine Bezoar Pill), 456,
495, 499, 512
Jia Wei Xiao Yao San (Augmented Free
Wanderer Powder), 232, 249, 412,
444, 518, 524
Jian chun (cocoon lip), 10, 21, 23, 25
Jian Pi Li Shi Ke Li (Granules for
Fortifying the Spleen and
Benefiting the Movement of
Dampness), 121, 122, 123
Jian Pi Yi Shen Chong Ji (Soluble
Granules for Fortifying the Spleen
and Boosting the Kidneys), 63
Jiang Can (Bombyx Batryticatus), for
softening hardness and dissipating
lumps, 42
Jiang Huang (Rhizoma Curcumae
Longae), for moving the Blood
and freeing Blood stasis, 66
Jiang Ni Zbi On Tang (Decoction for
Bearing Counterflow Downward
and Stopping Vomiting), 464
Jiao Mu Gua Lou Tang (Chinese Prickly
Ash Seed and Trichosanthes Husk
Decoction), 296
Jie Geng (Radix Platycodi Grandiflori),
for damage to renal function, 117
Jie Geng Tang (Platycodon Decoction),
451
Jin Gui ShenQi Wan (Golden Coffer
Kidney Qi Pill), 446, 542
 INDEX 597

39 fin Ling Zi San (Sichuan Chinaberry supplementing the Blood and raising Leonuri Heterophylli, Herba, see Yi Mu
ming the Powder), 230, 515 WBC, 46 Cao
Jin f a (sinew tumor), 3, 4 KI-6 Zhaohai Lepidii seu Descurainiae, Semen, see
.d trans- Jin,Qian Cao (Herba Lysimachiae) augmenting Qi and nourishing Yin, Ting Li Zi
,, 40, 66 damage to renal function, 117 46 Leucogen, 70, 77, 78, 97, 98
effect on gallbladder function, 109 dry mouth, 190 Leukemia, 20, 22, 94-5, 216, 293, 303,
I transforming Phlegm and dispelling Kidney damage, 115, 116 349, 358, 362, 385, 403
,od Dampness, 41 Kidney Deficiency, 35, 38, 126, 129, Leukocytes, 64, 70, 87, 89
fin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) 145, 235, 287, 311, 319, 321, 361, Leukopenia, 44, 46, 63, 70, 77, 87, 88,
a of clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity, 364, 389,447, 453, 497, 528 89, 90, 95, 97, 98, 99,100, 101, 102,
ophages, 43 Kidney Qi, non-consolidation of, 290, 360, 362, 379, 389, 398,404,446,
dry mouth, 190 314 466,495
roth with effect on gallbladder function, 109 Kidney Yang Deficiency, 38, 236 Li Yan Cha (Throat-Benefiting Tea),
postoperative use for augmenting Qi Kidney Yin Deficiency, 38,192, 213, 355,367
)ck and and relieving Toxicity, 57 236 Li Zhong Tang (Decoction for
skin ulcers in cancer, 335 Kiwi fruit, use in diet therapy, 358, 364, Regulating the Middle Burner),
:ed fin Yin Hua Gan Cao Tang (Honeysuckle 372, 384, 508, 536 485
234 and Licorice Decoction), 438 Kochiae Scopariae, Fructus, see Di Fu Li Zhong Wan (Pill for Regulating the
;truck by Jin Zhen Gu Ju Hua Ji Zhi Tang (Chicken Zi Middle Bumer),166
Soup with Day Lily and Kong Xian Dan (Special Pill for LI-1 Shangyang, for clearing Heat and
igmented Chrysanthemum), 381 Controlling Saliva), 296 relieving Toxicity, 47
;apsule), fiuQi Dan (Nine Qi Special Pill), 184 Ku Cao Yin (Prunella Beverage), 371 LI-4 Hegu
Jim Xian San (Nine Immortals Powder), Ku Gua (Fructus Momordicae clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
anted 463 Charantiae), use in diet therapy, 47
?ill), 456, fin iang Chong (Aspongopus), for 358, 359, 365, 406, 508 dry mouth, 190
dredging the Liver and regulating Ku Shen (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis) invigorating the Blood and
ited Free Qi, 39 clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity, transforming Blood stasis, 46
249, 412, Ju Hua Zbu Can Tang (Chrysanthemum 43 moving Qi and alleviating pain, 46
and Pig's Liver Soup), 380 damage to renal function, 117 radiation proctitis, 159
23,25 fu Pi Zbu Ru Tang (Tangerine Peel and skin ulcers in cancer, 334, 336 transforming Phlegm, softening
for Bamboo Shavings Decoction), 431, Kui Yang Xi Ji (Ulcer Wash Preparation), hardness and dissipating lumps,
l 491 334 47
t of Ju Ye (Folium Citri Reticulatae), for Kun Bu (Thallus Laminariae seu LI-11 Quchi
3 dredging the Liver and regulating Eckloniae), for softening hardness augmenting Qi and nourishing Yin,
le Qi, 39 and dissipating lumps, 42 46
he Spleen Juan Bai (Herba Selaginellae), for Kun Bu Wan (Kelp Pill), 42 clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
-s),63 decrease in the number of platelets, 47
is), for 89 Lack of nourishment of Yin and Blood, invigorating the Blood and
issipating Junci Effusi, Medulla, see Deng Xin Cao 214 transforming Blood stasis, 46
Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), 109 radiation proctitis, 152
mae Karnofsky scale, 71, 75, 77, 81 Lai Fu Dan (Return Again Special Pill), transforming Phlegm, softening
Blood Kelp, use in diet therapy, 365, 370, 383, 166 hardness and dissipating lumps,
66 399 Laminaria Japonica, see Hai Dai 47
on for KI-1 Yongquan Laminariae seu Eckloniae, Thallus, see Lian Cao Cha (Lotus Seed and Licorice
,wnward augmenting Qi and nourishing Yin, Kun Bu Root Tea), 368
.464 46 L-asparaginase, 243 Lion Li Tang (Coptis Regulating
e Prickly meditation in relaxation Qigong, 348 Latericumbent posture, in inner- Decoction), 507
thes Husk KI-3 Taixi nourishing Qigong, 344 LianQiao (Fructus Forsythiae
augmenting Qi and nourishing Yin, Lar,-stage cancer, 5,-7, 16, 21, 31, 36, Suspensae)
mdiflori), 46 37, 44, 46, 97, 214, 264, 265, 266, clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
lion, 117 cardiotoxicity, 138 268, 325, 360, 361, 362, 439, 454 43
:oction), damage to liver function, 104 Laver, use in diet therapy, 356, 357, 371, damage to renal function, 117
radiation pneumonitis, 126 433 effect on liver function, 109
Coffer regulating and supplementing the Ledebouriellae Divaricatae, Radix, see postoperative use for augmenting Qi
Spleen and Kidneys, 45 Fang Feng and relieving Toxicity, 57
Lian Zi Yan Wo Zhou (Lotus Seed and
Edible Bird's Nest Congee), 388,
389
Liang Di Tang (Rehmannia and
Wolfberry Root Bark Decoction),
314,526
Liang Fu Wan (Lesser Galangal and
Nutgrass Rhizome Pill), 225
Liang Ge San (Powder for Cooling the
Diaphragm), 231
Lignum Sappan, see Su Mu
Ligustici Chuanxiong, Rhizoma, see
Chuan Xiong
Ligustri Lucidi, Fructus, see Nii Zhen Zi
Lilii, Bulbus, see Bai He
Lily bulb, use in diet therapy, 357, 362,
372, 394, 396,402
Linderae Strychnifoliae, Radix, see Wu
Yao
Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang (Poria,
Cinnamon Twig, White
Atractylodes and Licorice
Decoction), 164, 219,231
fang Jiao Do- Fuji Zhi Tang (Water
Caltrop, Bean Curd and Chicken
Broth), 372
Ling Jiao Gou Teng Tang (Antelope Horn
and Uncaria Decoction), 413
Ling jiao Zhou (Water Caltrop Congee),
389,434
Lmg Lian Guo Tang (Water Caltrop,
Lotus Seed and Fruit Soup), 377
Ling Xiao Hua (Flos Campsitis)
invigorating the Blood and trans-
forming Blood stasis, 40, 66
moving the Blood and freeing Blood
stasis, 66
Ling Zhi (Ganoderma)
effect on liver function, 109
promoting humoral immunity, 65
promoting the production of T
lymphocytes, 65
use in diet therapy, 361
Ling Zbi Hong Zao Zhou (Ganoderma
and Chinese Date Congee), 361,
388,443
Lipoma, 26
Liu (tumor), origin of term, 1
Liu Ji Nu (Herba Artemisiae Anomalae),
for invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 40
Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six Gentlemen
Decoction), 73,451, 485
Liu Mo Tang (Six Milled Ingredients
Decoction), 328, 543
Liu Wei Di Huang Tang (Six-Ingredient
Rehmannia Decoction), 48, 65,
225,306, 437, 453, 479, 493, 518,
532,536
Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (Six-Ingredient
Rehmannia Pill), 48, 55, 65, 203,
204, 424, 445,446, 537
Liu Yi San (Six-To-One Powder), 119
Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency, 91
Liver and Kidney Yin depletion, 306
Liver and Kidneys, insufficiency of, 318,
320
Liver atrophy, 103
Liver cancer, 7, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26, 31, 38,
98, 111-13, 196, 204, 239, 240, 243,
244, 249, 251, 252, 253, 254, 278,
279, 285, 287, 303, 357, 358, 385,
404, 405,473-82
clinical experience and case histories,
480
clinical manifestations, 473
diet therapy, 479
etiology and pathology, 473
integration of Chinese medicine in
treatment strategies, 478
chemotherapy, 479
radiotherapy, 478
surgery and postoperative period,
478
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 474
Damp-Heat Toxins, 475
Liver Depression and Spleen
Deficiency, 474
Qi stagnation and Blood stasis,
474
Yin Deficiency of the Liver and
Kidneys, 476
Qigong therapy, 479
TCM treatment of common
complications, 477
ascites, 477
diarrhea and loose stools, 477
treatment notes, 479
Liver Depression
and Qi stagnation, 190, 436, 524, 540,
542
and Spleen Deficiency, 474
invading the Lungs, 412
Qi stagnation and Blood stasis, 193,
494
Liver failure, 104, 450
Liver fibrosis, 103
Liver-Fire
attacking the Lungs, 272, 274
attacking the Stomach, 279
Liver functions, abnormality of, 442
Liver Qi
invading the Stomach, 165,181
stagnation of, 103
Liver, Spleen and Stomach disharmony,
after surgery for lung cancer, 457
Liver-Spleen disharmony, 412
after chemotherapy for stomach
cancer, 492
Liver-Stomach disharmony, 484
after surgery for stomach cancer, 489
Liver Yin Deficiency, 191
Lobeliae Chinensis cum Radice, Herba,
see Ban Bian Lian
Lobular carcinoma, 435
Local relaxation, in relaxation Qigong,
349
Lomustine, causing renal damage, 115
Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae Scabrae)
clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
43
damage to renal function, 117
effect on gallbladder function, 109
effect on liver function, 109
Long Dan Xie Gan Tang (Chinese
Gentian Decoction for Draining
the Liver), 217, 230, 267, 281, 525
Long Kui (Herba Solani Nigri), for skin
ulcers in cancer, 336
Long Yan Rou (Arillus Euphoriae
Longanae)
bone marrow suppression, 88
decrease in hemoglobin, 89
enriching Yin and nourishing the
Blood, 34
supplementing Qi and nourishing the
Blood, 34
Longan fruit, use in diet therapy, 357,
358, 359, 360, 374, 378, 380, 390,
397, 518, 529
Longjing tea, 357, 358
Lonicerae, Flos, see jin Yin Hua
Loose stools, as complication of
stomach cancer, 488
Lophatheri Graciiis, Folium, see Dan
Zhu Ye
Loquat fruit, use in diet therapy, 357,
359,461
Loranthi, Ramulus, see Sang Ji Sheng
Loss of appetite, 156, 177,179,181,
182, 425; see also Anorexia
Lotus root, use in diet therapy, 356, 357,
358, 359,367,385, 406, 419, 433,
461, 479, 494, 518, 529


INDEX 599

Lotus root starch, 360, 362, 377, 379, Lu Jiao Jiao (Gelatinum Cornu Cervi) integration of Chinese medicine in
E, 442 402,403, 407 bone marrow suppression, 88 treatment strategies, 457
Lotus seed, 355, 357, 359, 360, 365, decrease in the number of platelets, chemotherapy, 460
181 368, 374, 377, 378, 379, 388, 89 Qi and Blood deficiency, 461
389,536 Lu Jiao Jiao Zhou (Deer Antler Glue radiotherapy, 460
zarmony, Lower back pain, 232-37 Congee), 389 enriching and supplementing the
:er, 457 pattern identification, 233 Lu Jiao Shuang Yin (Degelatined Deer Liver and Kidneys, 460
Blood stasis, 234 Antler Beverage), 324 nourishing Yin and clearing
each congealing and accumulation of L.u Bong (Cornu Cervi Parvum) Lung-Heat, 460
Cold-Damp, 233 damage to renal function, 116 surgery and postoperative period,
4 Damp-Heat, 234 promoting humoral immunity, 65 457
ncer, 489 Kidney Deficiency, 235 promoting the production of acupuncture, 458
Lower Dantian, 343, 346, 348, 349 leukocytes and macrophages, 64 ear acupuncture, 459
:, Herba, Lower-than-normal peripheral blood Lu Sun (Herba Asparagi Officinalis), internal treatment, 457
values, 34, 78, 89,102, 493 use in diet therapy, 363, 400 Liver, Spleen and Stomach
Low-grade fever Lu Sun Men Dong Zhou (Asparagus and disharmony, 457
~igong, complication of lung cancer, 456 Lucid Asparagus Root Congee), Qi and Yin Deficiency, 457
complication of nasopharyngeal 363,400 pattern identification and treatment
ge, 115 cancer, 415 LU-5 Chize principles, 450
e Scabrae) Lp-TAE (Lipiodol-transcatheter arterial clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity, accumulation of Phlegm-Damp in
,oxicity, embolization) method of treating 47 the Lungs, 452
liver cancer, 111-13 invigorating the Blood and Heat Toxins and Lung Yin
7 LR-2 Xingjian transforming Blood stasis, 46 Deficiency, 450
n, 109 damage to liver function, 104 radiation pneumonitis, 126 Lung and Kidney Deficiency, 453
transforming Phlegm, softening LU-7 Lieque, for dry mouth, 190 Lung Yin Deficiency in late-stage
>e hardness and dissipating lumps, LU-10 Yuji cancer, 454
raining 47 dry mouth, 190 Qi Deficiency of the Spleen and
281,525 LR-3 Taichong transforming Phlegm, softening Lungs, 451
for skin augmenting Qi and nourishing Yin, hardness and dissipating lumps, Qi stagnation and Blood stasis, 452
46 47 Qigong therapy, 462
Le clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity, LU-11 Shaoshang, for clearing Heat TCM treatment of common
47 and relieving Toxicity, 47 complications, 456
8 damage to liver function, 104 Lucid asparagus root, use in diet cough,456
invigorating the Blood and therapy, 362, 368, 384, 400 coughing of blood, 455
the transforming Blood stasis, .46 Lumbosacral plexus, 225 high fever, prolonged, 455
moving Qi and alleviating pain, 47 Lumps in the breast, 435 low-grade fever or tidal fever, 456
shing the supplementing the Blood and raising Lung and Kidney Deficiency, 129, 453 metastatic tumor of the bone, 456
WBC, 46 Lung cancer, 8,19, 21, 22, 30, 31, 35, 63, pain in the chest, 455
-y, 357, LR-13 Zhangmen 71-5, 78, 79, 80, 98, 109, 121, 125, pleural effusion, 456
30,390, cardiotoxicity, 138 168, 169, 170, 196, 204, 211, 216, scrofula, 456
regulating and supplementing the 221,229, 243, 244,252, 271, 273, spontaneous sweating, 456
Spleen and Kidneys, 45 274, 275, 277, 293, 294, 347, 357, wheezing and shortness of breath,
a LR-14 Qimen 358, 362, 363, 364, 366, 367, 368, 455
)f clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity, 370, 371, 383, 385, 387, 389, 390, treatment notes, 461
47 394, 396, 400, 401, 404, 449 -71 Lung Deficiency, 294, 364, 371, 397,
:e Dan damage to liver function, 104 clinical experience and case histories, 459, 463, 466,469
invigorating the Blood and 462-71 Lung-Heat, congestion and exuberance
y, 357, transforming Blood stasis, 46 clinical manifestations, 449 of, 272, 273
moving Qi and alleviating pain, 47 diet therapy, 461 Lung Yin Deficiency, 125,133,135,190,
Sheng Lu Gen (Rhizoma Phragmitis ejology and pathology, 450 193,450
181, Communis) Deficiency and depletion of the in late-stage lung cancer, 454
a dry mouth, 190 Zang-Fu organs, 450 Lung-regulating, white-preserving and
356, 357, radiation cystitis, 146 exuberant Phlegm-damp, 450 Lung-boosting Qigong, 347
19, 433, Lu Hui Hong Zao Zhou (Aloe and pathogenic Toxins invading the indications, 347
Chinese Date Congee), 398 Lungs, 450 meditation, 347
600 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
notes, 347
posture, 347
respiration, 347
Lycii, Fructus, see GouQi Zi
Lycopi Lucidi, Herba, see Ze Lan
Lymph node enlargement behind the
right sternocleidomastoid muscle,
422
Lymphedema, 211
Lymphoblast transformation, 87, 88,
363,454
Lymphocytes, 64, 65, 88, 363
Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell
therapy, 510
Lymphoma, 11, 237, 252, 253, 293, 303,
358, 362, 367, 385,403
Lymphosarcoma, 98, 362
Lysimachiae, Herba, see fin Qian Cao
Ma Bian Cao (Herba cum Radice
Verbenae), for invigorating the
Blood and transforming Blood
stasis, 40
Ma Chi Xian (Herba Portulacae
Oleraceae)
clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
43
radiation proctitis, 152
Ma Fei San (Anesthesia Boiling Powder),
5 augmenting Qi and consolidating
Ma Huang (Herba Ephedrae), for
damage to renal function, 117
Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang (Ephedra,
Apricot Kernel, Gypsum and
Licorice Decoction), 295
Ma Zi Ren Wan (Hemp Seed Pill), 327
Magnoliae Officinalis, Cortex, see Hou
Po
Mai Dong Yin (Ophiopogon Beverage),
367
Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis
Japonici)
cardiotoxicity, 138
dry mouth, 190
nausea and vomiting, 161
nourishing Yin and generating Body
Fluids, 35
postoperative use, 56
promoting humoral immunity, 65
promoting the production of
leukocytes and macrophages, 64
radiation pneumonitis, 126
Mai Men Dong Tang (Ophiopogon
Decoction), 65,167, 486
Mai Wei Di Huang Wan (Ophiopogon
and Rehmannia Pill), 267, 476
Main dishes for use in the management
of cancer, 400-406
Malignant tumors, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 16, 23,
24, 26, 39, 42, 43,44, 70, 102, 145,
151, 174, 211, 214,243, 244, 271,
278, 293, 294, 333, 367, 371, 372,
373, 374, 379, 382, 384, 386, 390,
391, 394,399, 401, 402, 403, 404,
483, 501, 514, 531, 539
Management of sequelae after
radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal
cancer, 419
Manitis Pentadactylae, Squama, see
Chuan Shan Jia
Mantidis, Ootheca, see Sang Piao Xiao
MaoQi Bu Yin (Supplementing
Beverage of Cogon Grass and
Astragalus), 368
Margarita (powdered), see Zhen Zhu Fen
Massa Fermentata, see ShenQu
Mastectomy, 57, 443, 444, 446
Materia medica
breaking up Blood stasis and
dispersing accumulations, 66
clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
40, 43, 54, 63, 116, 123, 152, 190
commonly used after surgery
the exterior, 56
augmenting Qi and relieving
Toxicity, 56-57
nourishing Yin and generating
Body Fluids, 56
regulating the Spleen and
harmonizing the Stomach, 56
dredging the Liver and regulating Qi,
39
enriching Yin and nourishing the
Blood, 34
fortifying the Spleen and boosting the
Kidneys, 37
fortifying the Spleen and harmonizing
the Stomach, 36
invigorating the Blood and trans-
forming Blood stasis, 25, 34, 39,
40, 63, 66, 69, 79, 116, 123, 138,
143, 14Yi, 219, 229, 260, 278, 307,
432, 479, 481
moving the Blood and freeing Blood
stasis, 66
nourishing the Blood and harm-
onizing the Blood vessels, 66
nourishing Yin and generating Body
Fluids, 35
protective effect on
bone marrow stromal cells, 93
hematopoietic progenitor cells, 93
softening hardness and dissipating
lumps, 42, 432
supplementing Qi and nourishing the
Blood, 33
supporting Vital Qi and cultivating
the Root, 16, 30, 33, 47, 64
transforming Phlegm and dispelling
Dampness, 41
use before surgery, 55
warming the Kidneys and
strengthening Yang, 35
Materia medica and formulae
for promoting humoral immunity, 65
for promoting the production of
leukocytes and macrophages, 64-
65
T lymphocytes, 65
Materia medica-based congees for
treating cancer, 394-400
Materia medica-based soups for treating
cancer, 379-85
Mechlorethamine, 170
Mediastinal tumors, 125,221
Meditation in Qigong
inner-nourishing Qigong, 346
Lung-regulating, white-preserving
and Lung-boosting Qigong, 347
on CV-17 Danzhong (middle
Dantian), 343, 346
on lower Dantian, 343, 346
on the toes, 346
on upper Dantian, 343
relaxation Qigong, 348
strengthening Qigong, 343
Medroxyprogesterone acetate, 442
Megakaryocytes, 93
Megestrol acetate, 442
Mei Gui Hua (Flos Rosae Rugosae), for
dredging the Liver and regulating
Qi, 39
Melanoma, 216, 293
Melena, 278,483
Meliae Toosendan, Fructus, see Chuan
Lian Zi
Meng Chong (Tabanus)
breaking up Blood stasis and
dispersing accumulations, 66
invigorating the Blood and trans-
forming Blood stasis, 40, 66

Menorrhagia, 310
Menstrual block (amenorrhea), 310,
318
Menstrual disorders, 311-24
due to surgery, radiotherapy and
chemotherapy, 311
in endometrial carcinoma, 311
in ovarian cancer, 311
Menstruation, profuse, early and
prolonged, 310-18
etiology and pathology, 310
Blood-Heat, 310
Blood stasis, 311
Kidney Deficiency, 311
Spleen Deficiency, 311
pattern identification, 311
Blood-Heat due to exuberant Yang,
311
Blood-Heat due to Liver
Depression, 312
Blood-Heat due to Yin Deficiency,
313
Blood stasis, 316
non-consolidation of Kidney Qi,
314
Spleen Qi Deficiency, 315
Menthae Haplocalycis, Herba, see Bo
He
Mercaptopurine, and damage to liver
function, 103
Meretricis seu Cyclinae, Concha, see
Hai Ge Ke
Mesothelioma, 221, 293, 294
Metastatic tumor of the bone and bone
pain, as complication of lung
cancer, 456
Methotrexate, 57, 470
damage to liver function, 103
hair loss, 201
nausea and vomiting, 159,170
renal damage, 115
Metrorrhagia, 310
Metrostaxis, 310
Mi Hon ju Zi Fu Rong Tang (Kiwi Fruit,
Tangerine and Egg White Soup),
372
Mi Hou Tao (Fructus Actinidiae
Chinensis), use in diet therapy, 358,
364, 372, 384, 508, 536
Mi Jian Dao Fa (Thickened Honey
Enema), 331
Mi Tao Yin Er Tang (Honey Peach and
Yellow Jelly Fungus Soup), 363,
372
Middle Dantian, 343, 346
Ming Fan (Alumen), external application
for cancer pain, 238
Mitomycin, 60, 68, 89, 111, 170, 204,
360, 494, 495, 498, 510, 511
causing fever, 243
causing pain, 211
causing renal damage, 115
Mo Yao (Myrrha)
external application for cancer pain,
238
invigorating the Blood and trans-
forming Blood stasis, 40, 66
moving the Blood and freeing Blood
stasis, 66
skin ulcers in cancer, 335
Momordicae Charantiae, Fructus, see
Ku Gua
Mori Albae, Folium, see Sang Ye
Mori Albae, Fructus, see Sang Shen
Mori Albae Radicis, Cortex, see Sang
Bai Pi
Morindae Officinalis, Radix, see Ba ji
Tian
Moutan Radios, Cortex, see Mu Dan Pi
Mouth ulcers, 63, 67,120,189,196-99,
287, 363, 422, 423, 460, 507, 516,
528
clinical observation report, 196
empirical formulae, 198
Moxibustion
bone marrow suppression, 92-3
lung cancer, 456
nasopharyngeal cancer, 415
nausea and vomiting, 176
on ginger, 44, 77, 176, 226
techniques in treatment of tumors,
44-45
use in management of cancer, 44
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis)
hair loss, 202
nourishing the Blood and harm-
onizing the Blood vessels, 66
postoperative use for augmenting Qi
and relieving Toxicity, 57
radiation cystitis, 146
Mu ErNuo Mi Zhou (Jelly Fungus and
Glutinous Rice Congee), 357, 363,
386, 388,443
Mu Gua (Fructus Chaenomelis), for
,transforming Phlegm and
dispelling Dampness, 41
Mu Li (Concha Ostreae), for softening
hardness and dissipating lumps, 42
Mu Xiang (Radix Aucklandiae Lappae)
anorexia, 178
INDEX 601
dredging the Liver and regulating Qi,
39
Mustard gas, as potential carcinogen, 22
Mustine hydrochloride, 89, 211
Myeloma, 233
Mylabris, see Ban Mao
Myocardial changes, 137
Myrrha,seeMo Yao
Nai Mi Zhou (Milk and Rice Congee),
388
Nasopharyngeal cancer, 36, 63, :66-7, 78,
80, 98, 122, 168, 169, 170, 191,1%,
211, 216, 221, 271, 279, 347, 363,
365, 367, 379, 385, 411-24
clinical experience and case histories,
420-24-
clinical manifestations, 411
diet therapy, 419
etiology and pathology, 411
binding of Phlegm-Heat, 412
congealing and stagnation of Qi
and Blood, 412
exuberance and stagnation of Heat
Toxins, 411
integration of Chinese medicine in
treatment strategies, 416
radiotherapy, 417
damage to Lung and Stomach
Yin, 417
Damp-Heat obstructing the
Middle Burner, 418
management of sequelae, 419
Yin Deficiency of the Lungs and
Kidneys, 418
surgery and postoperative period,
416
blocked nose due to Lung Qi
Deficiency, 416
blocked nose due to Qi
stagnation and Blood stasis,
417
tinnitus and poor hearing, 416
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 412
accumulated Heat in the Lungs,
413
congealing and stagnation of Qi
and Blood, 412
depletion of Qi and Blood due to
debilitation of Vital Qi, 414
pathogenic Wind-Heat Toxins
accumulating in the Zang-Fu
organs, 413
Qigong therapy, 420
602 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
TCM treatment of common
complications, 415
burning pain in the throat, 415
high fever, 415
low-grade fever, 415
nausea and poor appetite, 416
nosebleed, 415
scrofula and Phlegm nodes, 416
treatment notes, 419
Natural crossed leg posture, in
strengthening Qigong, 342
Natural respiration method, in
strengthening Qigong, 343
Nausea and poor appetite, complication
of nasopharyngeal cancer, 416
Nausea and vomiting, 24, 36, 39, 41, 72,
75, 116, 159-176, 356, 395, 433,
442, 490, 493, 535
after chemotherapy
for cervical cancer, 529
for liver cancer, 479
for lung cancer, 460
for stomach cancer, 491
after radiotherapy
for esophageal cancer, 430
for stomach cancer, 491
as complication of
liver cancer, 477
stomach cancer, 488
clinical observation reports, 168
empirical formulae, 172
etiology and pathology, 159
dietary irregularities, 160
emotional disturbances, 160
insufficiency of Stomach Yin, 160
invasion by external pathogenic
factors, 160
Spleen and Stomach Deficiency,
160
general treatment methods, 160
other treatment methods, 176
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 161
Deficiency-Cold of the Spleen and
Stomach, 166
Deficiency patterns, 166-67
Excess patterns, 161-66
external pathogenic factors
invading the Stomach, 161
food stagnation, 162
insufficiency of Stomach Yin, 167
internal obstruction of Phlegm-
Fluids, 164
Liver Qi invading the Stomach,
165
Navelbine®, 122,211
Nei Bu Wan (Internal Supplementation
Pill), 526
Nei Jin Ji Li Zhou (Chicken Gizzard and
Flat-Stem Milkvetch Seed Congee),
355,399
Net fin Ju Sha Zhou (Chicken Gizzard,
Tangerine Peel and Amomum
Fruit Congee), 393
Nelumbinis Nuciferae, Folium, see He
Ye
Nephroblastoma, 26, 233
Neurofibroma, 26
Neuroglioma, 216
Neutropenia, 87
Neutrophils, 87
Nickel, as potential carcinogen, 22
Night sweating, 75,102,133,138,140,
217, 224, 244, 263, 264, 266, 267,
268, 275, 298, 371, 392, 418, 450,
453, 458,466, 476, 480, 487, 504,
526, 541 ; see also Profuse sweating
Nipple discharge, 435
Nipple erosion, 435, 436
Nitrogen mustard, 211
Nitrosourea, and damage to liver
function, 103
Niu Rou Zhou (Beef Congee), 390
Nix Xi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae)
damage to renal function, 116
invigorating the Blood and trans-
forming Blood stasis, 40, 66
moving the Blood and freeing Blood
stasis, 66
NK cells, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 67
Nocturia, 145, 526
Non-consolidation of Kidney Qi, 290,
314
Non-consolidation of Lung Qi and Wei
Qi, 263, 264
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 196
Non-small-cell carcinoma of the lungs,
15, 71, 73,121,449
Nosebleed, 34, 96, 257, 291, 411, 413,
476
complication of nasopharyngeal
cancer, 415,
Notoginseng, Pulvis Radicis, see SanQi
Fen
Notoginsenn; Radix, see San Qi
Nourishing Yin and generating Body
Fluids
as cancer treatment principle, 35
as treatment principle after surgery,
56
Nu Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi)
bone marrow suppression, 88, 89
decrease in the number of platelets,
89
effect on liver function, 109
enriching Yin and nourishing the
Blood, 34
fortifying the Spleen and boosting
the Kidneys, 37
hair loss, 202
leukopenia, 89
promoting humoral immunity, 65
promoting the production of
leukocytes and macrophages, 64
promoting the production of T
lymphocytes, 65
Nuan Gan Jian (Liver-Warming Brew),
226
Nutrition, regulation in cancer patients,
353
Obstruction of Qi and Blood, as basic
cause of pain, 212
Occult blood in the stool, 271, 483
Oligomenorrhea, 310
Oliguria, 116, 520
Oncology theory in Traditional Chinese
Medicine, 1-16
advances from the Song to the Qing
dynasties, 7-15
developments in the Jin, Sui and
Tang dynasties, 5-7
integration of TCM with Western
medicine in the treatment of
cancer, 15-16
origin in Traditional Chinese
Medicine, 3-5
Ondansetron, 168-69,170
Oophorectomy, 520
Ophiopogonis Japonici, Radix, see Mai
Men Dong
Opium receptors, 212
Orchidectomy, 543
Osteosarcoma, 109, 237
Ostreae, Concha, see Mm Li
Ovarian cancer, 4, 35, 38, 121, 145, 151,
293, 303, 309, 318, 358, 513-21
clinical experience and case histories,
518
clinical manifestations, 513
diet therapy, 518
etiology and pathology, 514
integration of Chinese medicine in
treatment strategies, 516
chemotherapy, 518
 INDEX 603

.ucidi) radiotherapy, 516 Excess patterns, 212 Pain in the lower back, 232-7
88,89 accumulation of Heat Toxins in external application of materia and abdomen, 7, 520, 532
)latelets, the Bladder, 517 medica, 238-41 and hip, 234
Damp-Heat pouring downward in liver, bile duct and pancreatic pattern identification, 233
i to the rectum, 516 cancers, 239 Blood stasis, 234
ig the exuberant Heat toxins, 516 in the back and lower back, 493 congealing and accumulation of
surgery and postoperative period, in the bones, 414, 450 Cold-Damp, 233
losting 516 in the liver area, 103, 104, 108, 111, Damp-Heat, 234
pattern identification and treatment, 112,494 Kidney Deficiency, 235
514 pattern identification and treatment Painful and difficult urination, in
Qi Deficiency and Phlegm principles, 215 ovarian cancer, 513
ity, 65 congealing, 515 treatment with acupuncture, 212, Painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea),
f Qi stagnation and Blood stasis, 514 215-16 310
hages, 64 retention of Toxins due to Damp- treatment with herbal medicine, 215 Panacis Quinquefolii, Radix, see Xi
,f T Heat, 514 Pain in the abdomen, 156, 225-8, 516, Yang Shen
Qigong therapy, 518 517,528 Pancreatic cancer, 15, 67-9, 211, 225,
Brew), Overindulgence in alcohol (as after radiotherapy for stomach cancer, 239, 244, 249, 253, 254, 293, 303,
etiological factor), 23 491 357
patients, Overindulgence in fried, fatty or rich pattern identification, 225 Pancytopenia, 94, 491
foods (as etiological factor), 23 congealing and stagnation of Pang Guang Shi Re Fang (Bladder Excess
pathogenic Cold, 225 Heat Formula), 148
as basic Paclitaxel, and constipation, 325 Deficiency-Cold of the Spleen and Papillary carcinoma of the bladder, 536
Paeoniae Lactiflorae, Radix, see Bai Stomach, 228 Papillary cystadenoma of the ovaries,
483 Shao internal obstruction of Damp-Heat, 520
Paeoniae Rubra, Radix, see Chi Sbao 226 Paridis, Rhizoma, see Chong Lou
Pain, 211-241 Qi stagnation and Blood stasis, 227 Pathogenic factors invading the
Chinese after amputation, 237 Pain in the chest, 221-5 Stomach, 161, 178
after surgery, 211 acupuncture treatment after surgery Pathogenic Summerheat damaging Qi,
ae Qing behind the sternum, 221, 425 for lung cancer, 458-59 as an etiological factor in the
complication of liver cancer, 477 after surgery or radiotherapy, 221 formation of tumors, 20
and complication of stomach cancer, 488 and hypochondrium, 223, 261, 274, Pathogenic Toxins invading the Lungs,
continuing after surgical removal of a 295,296 as etiology of lung cancer, 450
stern tumor, 211 as complication of lung cancer, 455 Pathogenic Wind-Heat Toxins
at of Deficiency patterns, 212 as symptom of lung cancer, 449 accumulating in the Zang-Fu
due to Blood Deficiency, 214 due to pleural effusion, 239 organs, 413
due to chemotherapy, 211 ear acupuncture treatment after Pathogenic Wind invading the Lungs,
due to esophagealor stomach cancer, surgery for lung cancer, 459 as an etiological factor in the
239 pattern identification, 221 formation of tumors, 19
due to Qi Deficiency, 214 accumulation and obstruction of Patriniae cum Radice, Herba, see Bai
see Mai due to radiotherapy, 211 Phlegm turbidity, 222 jiang Can
due to tumors, 211 Phlegm-Heat congesting the Lungs, PC-4 Ximen, for dry mouth, 190
due to Yang Deficiency, 214 221 PC-5 Jianshi, for transforming Phlegm,
due to Yin Deficiency, 214 Qi and Yin Deficiency, 224 softening hardness and dissipating
etiology and pathology, 212 Qi stagnation and Blood stasis, 223 lumps, 47
Blood stasis and obstruction, 214 Pain in the hypochondrium, 228-32 PC-6 Neiguan
45,151, disturbance of functional activities pattern identification, 229 anorexia, 178
3-21 of Qi, 214 accumulation of Phlegm-Fluids, cardiotoxicity, 138
istories, internal accumulation of Heat 231 damage to liver function, 104
Toxins, 213 Blood stasis obstructing the moving Qi and alleviating pain, 46
lack of nourishment of Yin and network vessels, 229 nausea and vomiting, 161
Blood, 214 Damp-Heat in the Liver and radiation pneumonitis, 126
Phlegm-Damp and Phlegm-Fluids, Gallbladder, 230 regulating and supplementing the
ne in 213 Depression and binding of Liver Spleen and Kidneys, 45
Wind-Cold obstruction, 212 Qi, 229 supplementing the Blood and raising
Yang and Qi Deficiency, 214 insufficiency of liver-Yin, 232 XXJBC, 46
 3s
604 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Peau d'orange, 435
Pei Lan (Herba Eupatorii Fortunei), for
transforming Phlegm and
dispelling Dampness, 41
Pelvic cancer, 4, 284
Pelvic lymphadenectomy, 527
Pericardial effusion, 450
Perillae Frutescentis, Folium, see Zi Su
Ye
Peripheral blood values, 34, 45, 53 58,
70, 71-73, 78, 89, 93, 94,101, 102,
360
Persicae, Semen, see Tao Ren
Persimmon calyx, use in diet therapy,
433,491
Persistent cough, as symptom of lung
cancer, 449
Peucedani, Radix, seeQian Hu
Phagocytosis, 45, 47, 63, 64, 88, 363
Phantom limb pain in cancer, 237
Phellodendri, Cortex, see Hating Bai
Phlegm pouring into the channels and
network vessels (as etiological
factor), 24
Phlegm, role in formation of tumors, 9
Phlegm-Cold congealing, 486
Phlegm-Damp, 19, 23, 29, 31, 32, 41,
213, 215, 318, 323, 426, 450, 484,
497
accumulation in the Lungs, 452
due to Spleen Deficiency, 437
Phlegm-Fluids, 128,138, 213, 214, 294
accumulation, 231
internal obstruction of, 164,168
stagnation of, as an etiological factor
in the formation tumors, 23-4
Phlegm-Heat, 20
binding of, 412, 416,421
congesting the Lungs, 126, 128, 132,
135,221
Phlegm nodes, 14, 24, 25, 41, 47, 416,486
Phlegm stasis and Qi stagnation, 426
Phlegm turbidity, 47, 128, 214, 215, 218,
219, 297, 412, 468
accumulation and obstruction of, 222
Phragmitis Communis, Rhizoma, see
Lu Gen
Phytolaccae, Radix, see Shang Lu
Pi Pa Ye (Folium Eriobotryae
Japonicae), for nausea and
vomiting, 161
Pi qi (focal distension Qi), 4
Pinelliae Ternatae Praeparata, Rhizoma,
see Fa Ban Xia
Ping Wei San (Powder for Calming the
Stomach), 452
Pingyangmycin, 122,196
Plantaginis, Herba, see CheQian Cao
Plantaginis, Semen, see CheQian Zi
Plastri Testudinis, Gelatinum, see Gui
Ban Jim
Platelet aggregation, 46, 79
Platelets, 57, 58, 72, 87, 89, 94, 95, 271,
278
Platycodi Grandiflori, Radix, see Jie
Geng
Pleural effusion, 293-301
as complication of lung cancer, 456
etiology and pathology, 293
external treatment, 300
in breast cancer, 293
in lung cancer, 293
in lymphomas, 293
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 294
disharmony of Qi in the network
vessels, 297
Heat or Cold attacking the chest
and Lungs, 295
internal Heat due to Yin
Deficiency, 298
Retained Fluids collecting in the
chest and hypochondrium,
296
Po jie San (Powder for Breaking Up
Lumps), 42
Polygonati, Rhizoma, see HuangJing
Polygonati Odorati, Rhizoma, see Yu
Zhu
Polygoni Avicularis, Herba, see Bian Xu
Polygoni Cuspidati, Radix et Rhizoma,
see Hu Zhang
Polygoni Multiflori, Radix, see He Shou
Wu
Polygoni Multiflori, Radix Praeparata,
see Zbi He Shou Wu
Polypori Umbellati, Sclerotium, see Zbu
Ling
Polyposis coli, 508
Polyps, 3, 4, 10, 502, 508
Polyuria, 116
Poo4 appetite, 7, 30, 34, 56, 59, 69, 71,
77, 78, 80, 88, 92, 95,101, 105,112,
115, 117, 129, 173, 175,177, 178,
179, 222, 231, 305, 316, 319, 324,
416, 417, 420, 430,442,460, 473,
479, 483, 529, 533, 536, 541 ; see
also Anorexia
and diet therapy, 354, 355, 356, 363,
366, 368, 372, 376, 379, 383, 387,
388, 390, 392, 393, 396, 397, 398,
399,401,405, 406
Poriae Cocos, Sclerotium, see Fu Ling
Portulacae Oleraceae, Herba, see Ma
Chi Xian
Post-coital bleeding, 523
Prednisone, 94, 132, 170
Profuse menstruation, 310, 312, 346,
524,525
Profuse sweating, 20,174, 210, 251,
263-9, 277, 439
alternative formulae, 268
clinical experience, 268
etiology and pathology, 263
general notes, 268
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 264
disharmony between Ying Qi and
Wei Qi, 265
effulgent Yin Deficiency-Fire, 266
non-consolidation of Lung Qi and
Wei Qi, 264
retention and steaming of
pathogenic Heat, 267
Prolapse of the rectum, acupuncture
treatment after surgery for
colorectal cancer, 506
Prolonged high fever, as complication
of lung cancer, 455
Prolonged menstruation (metrostaxis),
310
Prostate cancer, 31, 287, 357, 539-44
clinical manifestations, 539
etiology and pathology, 539
integration of Chinese medicine in
treatment strategies, 543
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 540
accumulation of Damp-Heat in the
Bladder, 541
debilitation of Kidney Yang, 542
Liver Depression and Qi
stagnation, 542
Spleen Qi failing to bear upward,
541
Proteinuria, 123, 124
Prunellae Vulgaris, Spica, see Xia Ku
Cao
Pruni Armeniacae, Semen, see Xing Ren
Pruni Mume, Fructus, see Wu Mei
Pseudostellariae Heterophyllae, Radix,
see Tai Zi Shen
 INDEX 605
-56,363, Psoraleae Corylifoliae, Fructus, see Bu QiQi Ling Fen Zhou (Astragalus, Qin Pi (Cortex Fraxini)
383, 387, Gu Zhi Wolfberry and Water Caltrop damage to renal function, 117
397, 398, Pu Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci cum Starch Congee), 391 radiation proctitis, 152
Radice) QiQi Tao Ren Tang (Astragalus, QinQie Yang Cong Zhou {Celery,
Fu Ling clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity, Wolfberry, Walnut and Peanut Eggplant and Onion Congee), 392
see Ma 43 Soup), 361, 379, 462 Qing Dai (Indigo Naturalis), external
damage to liver function, 104 Qi stagnation, 9, 34, 38, 39, 40, 65, 104, application for cancer pain, 238
effect on liver function, 109 105, 215, 261, 303, 317, 319, 355, Qing E Wan (Young Maid Pill), 236
skin ulcers in cancer, 335 412, 426, 484, 497, 508 Qing Gan Jie Yu Tang (Decoction for
2,346, use in diet therapy, 366 and constipation, 328 Clearing the Liver and Relieving
Pu Huang (Pollen Typhae) due to emotional disharmony, 326 Depression), 42
1,251, invigorating the Blood and trans- Qi stagnation and Blood stasis, 12, 19, Qing Gan Zhi Li Tang (Decoction for
forming Blood stasis, 40, 66 20, 22, 23,29, 37, 39, 46, 47, 74, Clearing the Liver and Alleviating
moving the Blood and freeing Blood 138, 182, 193, 203, 214,223, 227, Lin Syndrome), 525
stasis, 66 254, 417, 433,444, 446, 450, 452, Qing Gu San (Bone-Clearing Powder),
Puerariae, Radix (roasted), see Wei Ge 473, 474, 514, 520, 531, 540 244
Gen as an etiological factor in the Qing Hao Bie jia San (Sweet Wormwood
eatment Pulmonary alveoli, 125 formation of tumors, 24-5 and Turtle Shell Powder), 245
Pulmonary fibrosis, 125, 128, 134,454 in late-stage lung cancer, 74 Qing Hao Bie jia Tang (Sweet
g Qi and Pulsatillae Chinensis, Radix, see Bai Tou Qi Xu Chai Hu Tang (Qi Deficiency Wormwood and Turtle Shell
Weng Bupleurum Decoction), 248 Decoction), 478
Fire, 266 Purslane, use in diet therapy, 354, 357, Qi You Rou Tang (Astragalus and Qing Hao Shen Mai Yin (Sweet
ig Qi and 358 Shaddock Soup), 385 Wormwood, Ophiopogon and
Qi Zao Dan Hua Tang (Wolfberry, Ginseng Beverage), 369
Qi and Blood Deficiency, 15, 46, 89, 90, Chinese Date and Egg Soup), 361, Qing Jing San (Menses-Clearing Powder),
7 173, 220, 244, 259, 268, 318, 319, 382 311
326, 357, 373,440, 461,462, 509, Qian Cao Gen (Radix Rubiae Qing Kai Ling (Efficacious Remedy for
ncture
512,514 Cordifoliae), for decrease in the Clearing and Opening), 422
it
in late-stage lung cancer, 74 number of platelets, 89 Qing Lin Wan (Green-Blue Unicorn Pill),
Qi and Yin Deficiency, 96,133, 140, Qian Hu (Radix Peucedani), for 327
)lication
224, 421, 422, 423, 429, 434, 465 transforming Phlegm and Qing Long Yi Tang Jiang (Walnut Skin
after surgery for lung cancer, 457 dispelling Dampness, 41 Syrup), 521
.ostaxis), after surgery for stomach cancer, Qian Shi (Semen Euryales Ferocis), for Qing Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
489 radiation proctitis, 152 Viride), for dredging the Liver and
539-44 in late-stage lung cancer, 74 Qian Sbi He ji (Euryale Seed Mixture), regulating Qi, 39
Qi Cao (Vermiculus Holotrichiae), for 124 QingQi Hua Tan Wan (Pill for Clearing
moving the Blood and freeing Qiang Huo Sheng Shi Tang Qi and Transforming Phlegm), 413
cine in Blood stasis, 66 (Notopterygium Decoction for Qing Re Gu jing Tang (Decoction for
Qi debilitation and Blood Deficiency, Overcoming Dampness), 217 Clearing Heat and Consolidating
eatment 283 Qie Zi Er Mi Zhou (Eggplant, Rice and the Menses), 312
Qi Deficiency, 11, 34, 40, 214, 215, 264, Millet Congee), 386 Qing Wei San (Stomach-Clearing
feat in the 268, 273, 277, 310, 325, 326, 328, Qigong, 14, 16, 48,466, 480 Powder), 153
374, 394, 496 Qigong exercises, 15, 342-349 Qing Yan Tang (Throat-Clearing
ng, 542 and Phlegm congealing, 515 Qigong principles, 341, 349-50 Infusion), 199
fever due to, 247 Qigong therapy, 339-350, 420, 434, 443, Qing Zao Jiu Fez Tang (Decoction for
of the Spleen and Lungs, 451 462, 479, 494, 508, 518, 529, 536 Clearing Dryness and Rescuing the
upward, of the Spleen and Stomach, 183,195 acupressure and massage Qigong, Lungs), 126, 450, 454
Qi Depression, 318, 322 347 Qiu Li Zhou (Autumn Pear Congee), 387
Qi deserting with the Blood, 277 infer nourishing Qigong, 344 Qu Mai (Herba Dianthi)
Xia Ku Qi failing to control the Blood, 89, 532 Lung-regulating, white-preserving damage to renal function, 116
Qi GouQi Hai Shen (Sea Cucumber and Lung-boosting Qigong, 347 radiation cystitis, 146
Xing Ren Cooked with Astragalus and relaxation Qigong, 348 Qu Tong Ling (Efficacious Remedy for
Mei Wolfberry), 403 strengthening Qigong, 342 Eliminating Pain), 239
_, Radix, Qi ji Tang (Seven Levels Decoction), Qin Jiao Bie jia San (Large Gentian and
196,197 Turtle Shell Powder), 245 Radiation, as potential carcinogen, 22
606 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Radiation cystitis, 145-150, 287, 535,
543
clinical manifestations, 145
etiology and pathology, 145
general treatment methods, 146
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 146
accumulation and binding of
Damp-Heat, 146
Deficiency of Spleen and Kidney
Yang, 147
Heat damaging the Blood network
vessels, 149
internal binding of Heat Toxins,
148
Radiation damage to bone marrow,
after radiotherapy for naso-
pharyngeal cancer, 419
Radiation hepatitis, 103
Radiation pneumonitis, 21, 62,125-135,
221, 362,441, 460
case history, 131
clinical manifestations, 125
clinical observation report, 131-5
etiology and pathology, 125
general treatment methods, 125
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 126
damage to Yin due to Blood
Dryness, 127
Deficiency of the Lungs and
Kidneys, 129
Heat Toxins retained in the Lungs,
128
internal Heat due to Yin
Deficiency, 126
Phlegm-Heat congesting the Lungs,
128
Radiation proctitis, 62,151-157, 284, 535
clinical manifestations, 151
clinical observation report, 155
etiology and pathology, 151
general treatment methods, 152
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 152
accumulation of Heat in the
Stomach and Intestines, 152
blood in the stool as the main
symptom, 155
Spleen Deficiency, 153
uncontrollable diarrhea as the main
symptom, 154
Radiotherapy, 15, 16, 21, 29, 33, 35, 36,
37, 41, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 53, 55, 77
and diet therapy, 353, 356, 357, 359,
360,362, 363,364,366, 367, 368,
369, 371,378, 379, 381, 384, 387,
389, 390, 391, 393, 394, 395, 396,
398, 399,401,403,404,405, 407
and Qigong therapy, 342, 344, 346
anorexia, 177, 178
bone marrow suppression, 87-92,
98,99,102
cancer pain, 211, 214, 216, 221, 239
cardiotoxicity, 137, 138, 141
constipation, 325
damage to liver function, 103,104
damage to renal function, 115, 116
dry mouth and tongue, 189,190
fever, 244
for bladder cancer, 535, 536
side-effects, 535
for breast cancer, 439, 440, 443, 446
side-effects, 441-442
for cervical cancer, 528, 529
side-effects, 528-9
for colorectal cancer, 508, 510
side-effects, 507
for esophageal cancer, 425, 432, 433
side-effects, 430, 431
for liver cancer, 479
side-effects, 478-479
for lung cancer, 454, 461, 462, 463,
466,469
side-effects, 460
for nasopharyngeal cancer, 419, 420,
421, 422, 423, 424
side-effects, 417-19
for ovarian cancer, 513, 518, 519
side-effects, 516-17
for prostate cancer, 543
for stomach cancer, 483, 491, 494
side-effects, 490-491
general treatment principles in
Chinese medicine, 78-79
hair loss, 201, 204
hemafecia, 284
hemorrhage, 271, 272, 287
in TCM theory, 63
menstrual disorders, 309, 310
mouth ulcers, 189,198
nausea and vomiting, 159, 160, 161,
4 j67,172,
profuse sweating, 263, 264, 268
radiation cystitis, 145, 516, 535, 543
radiation pneumonitis, 125, 131, 132,
134
radiation proctitis, 151, 156, 535, 543
use of Chinese medicine in reducing
side-effects, 62-69
treatment principles, 62-66
use of Chinese medicine in treatment
strategies for, 69-70, 78-83
Radish, use in diet therapy, 354, 356,
357, 358, 359, 375, 376,443
Radium, as potential carcinogen, 22
Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix, see
Dang Gui
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari, Radix, see
HuangQi
Rectal adenocarcinoma, 510, 511
Reduced appetite, 24, 30, 36, 37, 39, 41,
156, 177, 183, 246, 256, 260, 297,
304,307, 327, 328,381, 383, 419,
437, 439, 451,463, 473, 474, 476,
480,483,492,494,515,519,537 ;
see also Anorexia
after chemotherapy for stomach
cancer, 491
Regulating nutrition in cancer patients,
353
Regulating respiration in Qigong, 341
Regulating the body in Qigong, 341
Regulating the functions of the Zang-
Fu organs, in the treatment of
cancer, 26
Regulating the Spleen and harmonizing
the Stomach, as treatment
principle after surgery, 56
Regulating the Spirit, in Qigong, 341
Rehmanniae Glutinosae, Radix, see
Sheng Di Huang
Rehmanniae Glutinosae Conquita,
Radix, see Shu Di Huang
Relaxation Qigong, 348-49
indications, 349
meditation, 348
notes, 349
posture, 348
relaxation for meditation, 348
respiration, 348
Ren Gong Niu Huang (Calculus Bovis
Syntheticus), for Bearing Heat and
relieving Toxicity, 43
Ren Gong Niu Huang San (Synthetic
Bovine Bezoar Powder), 498
Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng)
cardiotoxicity, 138
effect on bone marrow suppression,
87
fortifying the Spleen and boosting
the Kidneys, 37

reducing fortifying the Spleen and
harmonizing the Stomach, 36
66 promoting humoral immunity, 65
treatment promoting the production of
3-83 leukocytes and macrophages, 64
i4, 356, supplementing Qi and nourishing the
143 Blood, 33
en, 22 use in diet therapy, 360, 374, 390, 404
lix, see Ren Shen Bai Hu Tang (Ginseng White
Tiger Decoction), 20
Radix, see Ken Shen Diao Yu Dun Dou Fu (Bean
Curd Stewed with Ginseng and
511 Porgy), 404
37, 39, 41, Ren Shen Hong Zao Gui Yuan Tang
2-60,297, (Ginseng, Chinese Date and
383, 419, Longan Fruit Soup), 360, 374
174, 476, Ren Shen Lian Er Tang (Ginseng, Lotus
519, 537; Seed and Yellow Jelly Fungus
Soup), 360, 374
Ren Shen Wan (Ginseng Pill), 509
Ren Shen Yang Rong Tang (Ginseng
Decoction for Nourishing Ying Qi)
414
Ren Shen Zhou (Ginseng Congee), 360,
388,390
Renal failure, 115, 116, 539
Renal tubule atrophy, 115
Resina Draconis, see Xue Jie
Respiration, in Qigong, 341
inner-nourishing Qigong, 345
Lung-regulating, white-preserving
and Lung-boosting Qigong, 347
relaxation Qigong, 348
strengthening Qigong, 343
Retained Fluids collecting in the chest
and hypochondrium,296
Retention and steaming of pathogenic
Heat, 264, 267
Retention of Toxins due to Damp-Heat,
514
Retention of urine, 40, 539, 540
Reticulosarcoma, 349
Retinoblastoma, 26
Rhei, Radix et Rhizoma, see Da Huang
Rhois Chinensis, Galla, see Wu Bei Zi
Rosae Chinensis, Flos et Fructus, see
Yue Ji Hua
Rosae Rugosae, Flos, see Mei Gui Hua
Rou Cong Rong (Herba Cistanches
Deserticolae)
Ppression, fortifying the Spleen and boosting
the Kidneys, 37
oostmg use in diet therapy, 361, 368, 447, 480
warming the Kidneys and
strengthening Yang, 35
Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae)
damage to renal function, 116
fortifying the Spleen and boosting
the Kidneys, 37
Ru Mo Zhi Tong Ding (Frankincense and
Myrrh Tincture for Alleviating
Pain), 240
Ru shiyong ( breast stoneyong abscess), 6
Ru Xiang (Gummi Olibanum)
external application for cancer pain,
238
invigorating the Blood and trans-
forming Blood stasis, 40, 66
moving the Blood and freeing Blood
stasis, 66
skin ulcers in cancer, 335
Ruyan (mammary rock), 7, 8, 10, 11, 12,
25, 42, 439
Rubiae Cordifoliae, Radix, seeQian Cao
Gen
Run Chang Wan (Pill for Moistening the
Intestines), 329
Salviae Chinensis, Herba, see Shi Jian
Chuan
Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix, see Dan
Shen
San Ke Zhen (Radix Berberidis), effect
on gallbladder function, 109
San Lang (Rhizoma Sparganii Stoloniferi)
breaking up Blood stasis and
dispersing accumulations, 66
invigorating the Blood and trans-
forming Blood stasis, 40, 66
SanQi (Radix Notoginseng)
damage to renal function, 116
invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 40
radiation cystitis, 146
SanQi Dan Ou Tang (Notoginseng, Egg
and Lotus Root Soup), 385
SanQi Fen (Pulvis Radicis Notoginseng),
for radiation proctitis, 152
San Qi Mid Pian Zhou (Notoginseng and
Sesame Seed Congee), 398
San Qi Shan Zha Zhou (Notoginseng
Powder and Hawthorn Congee),
399
San Ran Tang (Three Kernels
&)ecoction),195
San Xian Ji Zhi Tang (Chicken Broth
with Three Delicacies), 373, 494
Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori Albae Radicis)
damage to renal function, 117
radiation pneumonitis, 125
INDEX 607
Sang Bai Pi Tang (Mulberry Root Bark
Decoction), 222
Sang Ji Sheng (Ramulus Loranthi), for
damage to renal function, 117
Sang Piao Xiao (Ootheca Mantidis), for
radiation cystitis, 146
Sang Shen (Fructus Mori Albae)
hair loss, 202
promoting humoral immunity, 65
promoting the production of
leukocytes and macrophages, 64
promoting the production of T
lymphocytes, 65
Sang Ye (Folium Mori Albae), for
radiation pneumonitis, 126,
Sanguisorbae Officinalis, Radix, see Di
Yu
Sarcandrae, Ramulus et Folium, see
ZhongJie Feng
Sarcoma, 293
Sargassi, Herba, see Hai Zao
Scant menstruation (oligomenorrhea),
310
Schisandrae, Fructus, see Wu Wei Zi
Schistosomiasis, as potential carcinogen,
22
Scolopendra Subspinipes, see Wu Gong
Scrofula, 14, 24, 41, 42, 47, 416, 456
and Phlegm nodes, complication of
nasopharyngeal cancer, 416
as complication of lung cancer, 456
Scrophulariae Ningpoensis, Radix, see
Xuan Shen
Scutellariae Baicalensis, Radix, see
HuangQin
Scutellariae Barbatae, Herba, see Ban
Zhi Lian
Sea cucumber, use in diet therapy, 357,
359, 373, 374, 375, 391,403, 407
Seaweed, use in diet therapy, 357, 359,
443
Selaginellae, Herba, see Juan Bai
Selaginellae Doederleinii, Herba, see Shi
Shang Bai
Seminoma, 110
Sequential relaxation, in relaxation
Qigong, 348
Serotonin, 243
Serum bilirubin, 109
Sesami Indici, Semen, see Hei Zhi Ma
Sha Ran (Fructus Amomi), for anorexia,
178
Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu
Adenophorae), for enriching Yin
and nourishing the Blood, 34
608 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Sha Shen Mai Dong Tang (Adenophora/
Glehnia and Ophiopogon
Decoction), 56, 74, 299, 453
Sha Yuan Zi (Semen Astragali
Complanati), for promoting the
production of T lymphocytes, 65
Shan Ci Gu (Pseudobulbus Shancigu),
for transforming Phlegm and
dispelling Dampness, 41
Shan Dou Gen (Radix Sophorae
Tonkinensis)
clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
43
dry mouth, 190
Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Oppositae)
fortifying the Spleen and boosting
the Kidneys, 37
fortifying the Spleen and
harmonizing the Stomach, 36
leukopenia, 89
nourishing Yin and generating Body
Fluids, 35
radiation cystitis, 146
supplementing Qi and nourishing the
Blood, 33
Shan Yao Ban Xia Zhou (Chinese Yam
and Pinellia Tuber Congee), 395
Shan Yao ErMi Zbou (Chinese Yam,
Rice and Millet Congee), 354, 386,
387,536
Shan Yao Ji Zbi Tang (Chinese Yam and
Chicken Broth), 355, 383
Shan Yao Shuang E Tang (Chinese Yam,
Goose Blood and Goose Flesh
Soup), 355, 376
Shan Zha (Fructus Crataegi), use in diet
therapy, 354, 357,358, 359, 365,
369, 399, 406
Shan Zha Dun Shou Rou (Hawthorn
Fruit Stewed with Pork), 358, 365,
406
Shan Zha Zhou (Hawthorn Fruit
Congee), 365, 387
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni Officinalis)
fortifying the Spleen and boosting
the Kidneys, 38
hair loss, 202
leukopenia, 89
Shancigu, Pseudobulbus, see Shan Ci Gu
Shang Lu (Radix Phytolaccae), for
4
damage to renal function, 117
Shanglianquan, in acupressure and
massage Qigong, 347,348
Shao Fu Zhu Yu Tang (Decoction for
Expelling Stasis from the Lowe
Abdomen), 118,227, 322
She Chuang Zi (Fructus Cnidii Monnieri),
for skin ulcers in cancer, 334
She fun (tongue mushroom), 12
Shen Fu Tang (Ginseng and Aconite
Decoction), 147, 283
Shen :Ling Bai Zhu San (Ginseng, Poria
and White Atractylodes Powder),
48, 117, 147, 152, 153, 195, 491,
492, 504, 515
Shen Mai Zhu She Ye (Ginseng and
Ophiopogon Injection), 57, 58,
421,423
ShenQi Ji (Chicken with Codonopsis
and Astragalus), 402
ShenQu (Massa Fermentata), for
anorexia, 178
Shen Shi Tang (Dampness-Percolating
Decoction), 233
Shen Tong Zhu Yu Tang (Decoction for
Expelling Blood Stasis Causing
Generalized Pain), 235
Shen Xiao Gua Lou San (Wondrous
Effect Trichosanthes Powder), 42
Shen Zbe PeiQi Tang (Codonopsis and
Hematite Decoction for
Cultivating Qi), 12,13
Sheng Bai Pian (Raising the White
Tablet), 96
Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae
Glutinosae)
damage to liver function, 104
damage to renal function, 116
decrease in the number of platelets,
89
dry mouth, 190
effect on liver function, 109
fortifying the Spleen and boosting
the Kidneys, 38
hair loss, 202
nourishing the Blood and harmo-
nizing the Blood vessels, 66
nourishing Yin and generating Body
Fluids, 35
postoperative use for nourishing Yin
and generating Body Fluids, 56
radiagon cystitis, 146
radiation pneumonitis, 126
ShengJi San (Powder for Generating
Flesh), 440
ShengJi Yu Hong Gao (Jade and Red
Paste for Generating Flesh), 442
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis
Officinalis Recens)
nausea and vomiting, 161
radiation cystitis, 146
Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae)
decrease in the number of platelets,
89
radiation proctitis, 152
Sheng Mai San (Pulse-Generating
Powder), 65, 140, 224, 278, 420,
421,471
Sheng Mai Yin (Pulse-Generating
Beverage), 478
Sheng Tian Nan Xing (Rhizoma
Arisaematis Cruda), external
application for cancer pain, 238
Sheng Yang Yi Wei Tang (Decoction for
Bearing Yang Upward and
Boosting the Stomach), 466, 467
Sheng Yu Tang (Sagely Cure Decoction),
247,316
Shi Bing Shan Yao Zhou (Dried
Persimmon, Chinese Yam and
Coix Seed Congee), 364, 396
Shi Hu (Herba Dendrobii)
dry mouth, 190
nourishing Yin and generating Body
Fluids, 35
postoperative use, 56
promoting humoral immunity, 65
promoting the production of
leukocytes and macrophages, 64
use in diet therapy, 363
Shi Hui San (Ten Cinders Powder), 273,
274
Shijia (stone-like masses in the uterus),
3, 4, 26, 42
Shi jian Chuan (Herba Salviae Chinensis)
invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 40
softening hardness and dissipating
lumps, 42
Shi Pi Yin (Beverage for Firming the
Spleen), 187
ShiQuan Da Bu Tang (Perfect Major
Supplementation Decoction), 48,
55, 220, 319, 427, 439, 487
Shi tong (loss-of-luxuriance), 8, 10, 11,
24, 25, 42, 216, 411
Shi Shang Bai (Herba Selaginellae
Doederleinii)
clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
43
skin ulcers in cancer, 336

Shi Xiao San (Sudden Smile Powder),
317,503
Shi Zao Tang (Ten Jujubes Decoction),
231,296
Shiitake mushrooms, use in diet therapy,
357, 374, 375,403,405,406
Sbou Wu ZaoQi Zbou (Fleeceflower,
Chinese Date and Wolfberry
Congee), 361, 362, 395
Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae
Glutinosae Conquita)
bone marrow suppression, 87, 88
damage to renal function, 116
decrease in hemoglobin, 89
enriching Yin and nourishing the
238 Blood, 34
.n for fortifying the Spleen and boosting
the Kidneys, 38
;467 hair loss, 202
ction), promoting the production of
leukocytes and macrophages, 64
supplementing Qi and nourishing the
nd Blood, 33
5 Shu Gan Wan (Soothing the Liver Pill),
484
Shui Hong Hua Zi (Fructus Polygoni),
Body for invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 40
Shui Zhi (Hirudo seu Whitmania)
,65 breaking up Blood stasis and
dispersing accumulations, 66
ges, 64 invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 40,
r), 273, 66
Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen
terus), Decoction), 48, 55, 65, 68, 74, 93,
105,169,184, 248, 304, 493
inensis) Si Ling Tang (Poria Four Decoction),
475
3,40 Si Miao Wan (Mysterious Four Pill), 268
sting Si Ni San (Counterflow Cold Powder),
181
SiQi Tang (Four-Seven Decoction), 181
Si Shen Wan (Four Spirits Pill), 504
Si Wu Tang (Four Agents Decoction),
74,104, 202, 247, 515
Side-effects of cancer treatment, role of
0, 11, Chinese medicine, 51-84
Signet cell carcinoma, 494
Sinapis Albae, Semen, see Bai Jie Zi
Single crossed leg posture, in
)xicity, strengthening Qigong, 342
Sitting posture
in inner-nourishing Qigong, 342
in strengthening Qigong, 345
Six Excesses, 4, 19, 26, 310
Skin damage due to radiotherapy for
breast cancer, 442
Skin ulcers, 333-36
case history, 336
external treatment, 333
commonly used materia medica
and basic formulae, 333
Small-cell carcinoma, 449, 450, 467
Smilacis Glabrae, Rhizoma, see Tu Fu
Ling
Softening hardness and dissipating
lumps, as cancer treatment
principle, 42
Solani Nigri, Herba, see Long Kui
Sophorae Flavescentis, Radix, Ku Shen
Sophorae Japonicae, Flos, see Huai Hua
Sophorae Tonkinensis, Radix, see Shan
Dou Gen
Soups for treating cancer and
promoting general health, 371-73
Soups for treating cancer and
supplementing the body, 373-79
Soups for use in the management of
cancer, 371-85
SP-4 Gongsun
regulating and supplementing the
Spleen and Kidneys, 45
transforming Phlegm, softening
hardness and dissipating lumps,
47
SP-6 Sanyinjiao
augmenting Qi and nourishing Yin,
46
bone marrow suppression, 89
cardiotoxicity, 138
clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
47
damage to liver function, 104
damage to renal function, 117
hair loss, 202
invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 46
radiation cystitis, 146
radiation proctitis, 152
regulating and supplementing the
Spleen and Kidneys, 46
supplementing the Blood and raising
WBC, 46
SP-9 Yinlingquan
anorexia, 178
damage to renal function, 117
radiation cystitis, 146
transforming Phlegm, softening hard-
ness and dissipating lumps, 47
INDEX 609
SP-10 Xuehai
clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
47
invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 46
radiation cystitis
regulating and supplementing the
Spleen and Kidneys, 45
supplementing the Blood and raising
WBC, 46
Sparganii Stoloniferi, Rhizoma, see San
Leng
Spatholobi, Caulis, see Ji Xue Teng
Spiny jujube seed, use in diet therapy,
359, 381, 396, 397
Spleen and Kidney Deficiency, 59, 102,
156, 287, 423, 493, 528, 532
after chemotherapy for stomach
cancer, 493
after surgery, radiotherapy or
chemotherapy, 37
due to exhaustion in a prolonged
illness, 37
Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency, 92,
147,305
Spleen and Stomach Deficiency, 43,183,
185, 285, 485, 491, 497
and anorexia, 178
etiology of nausea and vomiting, 160
Spleen and Stomach Deficiency-Cold,
166, 228, 286, 485
Spleen and Stomach Yang Deficiency,
186
etiology of anorexia, 184
Spleen and Stomach Yin Deficiency,
191
Spleen Deficiency, 12, 30, 34, 36, 37,
38, 56, 69, 105, 117, 139, 153, 156,
178, 182, 190, 261, 287, 311, 383,
391, 437, 466,467, 473, 474, 491,
492, 502, 511, 523, 525, 528, 534,
540
and Phlegm-Damp, in late-stage lung
cancer, 73
Spleen failing to control the Blood, 289
Spleen Qi Deficiency, 282, 315, 497
Spleen Qi failing to bear upward, 540,
541
Spleen Qi fall, 534
Spleen-Stomach disharmony, 55, 56, 63,
70, 78, 429, 434,444, 490
after chemotherapy for stomach
cancer, 492
Spontaneous sweating, 33, 100, 133,
140, 147, 247, 248, 259, 263, 264,
 266, 268, 278, 427, 453, 476, 487,
489, 497; see also Profuse sweating
as complication of lung cancer, 456
Squamous cell carcinoma, 71, 425, 434,
449, 460,465, 466,469, 523
ST-9 Renying, in acupressure and
massage Qigong, 347, 348
ST-12 Quepen, in acupressure and
massage Qigong, 347, 348
ST-25 Tianshu
cardiotoxicity, 138
damage to renal function, 117
radiation proctitis, 152
ST-36 Zusanli
anorexia, 178
augmenting Qi and nourishing Yin,
46
bone marrow suppression, 89
cardiotoxicity, 138
clearing Heat and relieving To city,
47
damage to renal function, 117
decrease in the number of platelets,
89
hair loss, 202
invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 46
moving Qi and alleviating pain, 46
nausea and vomiting, 161
radiation cystitis, 146
radiation proctitis, 152
regulating and supplementing the
Spleen and Kidneys, 45
supplementing the Blood and raising
WBC, 46
warming Yang and augmenting Qi,
45
ST-37 Shangjuxu, for radiation proctitis,
152
ST-40 Fenglong, for transforming
Phlegm, softening hardness and
dissipating lumps, 47
ST-44 Neiting
clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
47
invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 46
moving Qi and alleviating pain, 47
radiation proctitis, 152
Standing posture, in strengthening
Qigong, 343
Stomach cancer, 7, 8, 13, 22, 23, 26, 30,
31, 39, 44, 63, 100, 109, 169, 170,
196, 225, 239, 244, 252, 278, 279,
285, 287, 293, 346, 355, 357, 358,
360, 361, 354, 365, 366, 370, 371,
382, 385, 388, 399,400, 404,405,
483-99
clinical experience and case histories,
494
clinical manifestations, 483
diet therapy, 493
etiology and pathology, 484
integration of Chinese medicine in
treatment strategies, 488
chemotherapy, 491
bone marrow suppression, 492
diarrhea, 491
Heart and Spleen Deficiency,
492
Liver-Spleen disharmony, 492
nausea and vomiting, 491
reduced appetite, 491
Spleen and Kidney Deficiency,
493
Spleen-Stomach disharmony,
492
weak constitution, 491
radiotherapy, 490
surgery and postoperative period,
488
acupuncture, 489
ear acupuncture, 490
internal treatment, 488
Liver-Stomach disharmony,
489
Qi and Yin Deficiency, 489
pattern identification and treatment
principles, 484
depletion of Qi and Blood, 487
Liver-Stomach disharmony, 484
Phlegm-Cold congealing, 486
Spleen and Stomach Deficiency-
Cold, 485
Stomach-Heat damaging Yin, 486
Qigong therapy, 494
TCM treatment of common
complications, 488
treatment notes, 493
Stomach-Heat damaging Yin, 486
Stomach pain after surgery for stomach
carfer
acupuncture treatment, 489
ear acupuncture treatment, 490
Stomach Yin, insufficiency of, 167
Strengthening posture, in inner-
nourishing Qigong, 345
Strengthening Qigong, 342
indications, 344
meditation, 343
notes, 343
postures, 342
free, 343
sitting, 342
standing, 343
respiration, 343
Stump pain in cancer, 238
Su Mu (Lignum Sappan), for moving
the . Blood and freeing Blood stasis,
66
Su Sbao Cai (Stir-Fried Vegetables), 405
Suan Zao Ren (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae),
for cardiotoxicity, 138
Sun Gu Hai Shen Tang (Bamboo Shoot,
Mushroom and Sea Cucumber
Soup), 374
Suo Yang (Herba Cynomorii Songarici)
promoting humoral immunity, 65
promoting the production of
leukocytes and macrophages, 64
promoting the production of T
lymphocytes, 65
Superior vena cava syndrome, 450
Supine posture, in inner-nourishing
Qigong, 344
Supplementing Qi and nourishing the
Blood, as cancer treatment
principle, 33-34
Supporting Vital Qi (Zheng Qi) and
cultivating the Root, 15, 27, 33, 38,
42, 47, 53, 54, 63, 70, 71, 79, 526
as cancer treatment principle, 29, 33-
38
to treat side-effects of radiotherapy
and chemotherapy, 64-65
Surgery, 55-62
combination with materia medica for
augmenting Qi and consolidating
the exterior, 56
augmenting Qi and relieving
Toxicity, 56
nourishing Yin and generating
Body Fluids, 56
regulating the Spleen and
use of Chinese materia medica before,
55
use of Chinese materia medica after,
55
Surgery and postoperative period
bladder cancer, 533-35
breast cancer, 440-41
cervical cancer, 527-28
colorectal cancer, 506-07
esophageal cancer, 428-30
liver cancer, 478

lung cancer, 457-60
nasopharyngeal cancer, 416-17
ovarian cancer, 516
prostate cancer, 543
stomach cancer, 488-90
Sweating, see Profuse sweating
Swollen lymph nodes in breast cancer,
39
T lymphocyte subsets, 57, 59, 60, 61
Tabanus, see Meng Cbong
Tachycardia, 137
Tai Zi Shen (Radix Pseudostellariae
Heterophyllae)
fortifying the Spleen and
harmonizing the Stomach, 36
use in diet therapy, 360
Taijiquan, 48, 463, 494
Talcum, see Hua Shi
Tamoxifen, 442
and irregular menstruation, 310
Tan be (Phlegm node), 8
Tao Hong Si Wu Tang (Peach Kernel and
Safflower Four Agents Decoction),
193, 317, 438, 475, 503
Tao Hua ErMi Zhou (Peach Blossom,
Rice and Glutinous Rice Congee),
394
Tao Ren (Semen Persicae)
breaking up Blood stasis and
dispersing accumulations, 66
external application for cancer pain,
238
invigorating the Blood and trans-
forming Blood stasis, 40, 66
Taraxaci, Herba cum Radice, see Pu
Gong Ying
Tarry stools, 278, 279, 280, 483
TB-5 Waiguan, for transforming
Phlegm, softening hardness and
dissipating lumps, 47
TB-10 Tianjing, for transforming
Phlegm, softening hardness and
dissipating lumps, 47
TB-17 Yifeng, for dry mouth, 190
Teng Li Gen (Radix Actinidiae
Chinensis), for softening hardness
and dissipating lumps, 42
Terminaliae Chebulae, Fructus, see He
Zi
Testudinis, Plastrum, see Gui Ban
Tetrapanacis Papyriferi, Medulla, see
Tong Cao
Thorium, as potential carcinogen, 22
Thrombocytopenia, 63, 77, 87, 89, 100,
101,102, 291, 360
Thymoma, 367
Tian Hua Fen (Radix Trichosanthis)
clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
43
dry mouth, 190
nourishing Yin and generating Body
Fluids, 35
postoperative use56
Tian Men Dong (Radix Asparagi
Cochinchinensis)
nourishing Yin and generating Body
Fluids, 35
postoperative use, 56
promoting humoral immunity, 65
promoting the production of T
lymphocytes, 65
use in diet therapy, 362, 368, 384, 400
Tian Men Dong Cha (Lucid Asparagus
Root Tea), 362, 368
Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan (Celestial
Emperor Special Pill for
Supplementing the Heart), 138
Tian Xian Wan (Heavenly Goddess Pill),
434
Tiao Wei ChengQi Tang (Decoction for
Regulating the Stomach and
Sustaining Qi), 478
Ting Li Zi (Semen Lepidii seu
Descurainiae), for transforming
Phlegm and dispelling Dampness,
41
Tinnitus and poor hearing, acupuncture
treatment after surgery for
nasopharyngeal cancer, 416
Tissue anoxia, 212
Tobacco, as potential carcinogen, 22,
411, 425,449, 483, 531
Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis
Papyriferi)
damage to renal function, 116
radiation cystitis, 146
transforming Phlegm and dispelling
Dampness, 41
TongQiao Huo Xue Tang (Decoction for
Freeing the Orifices and
Invigorating the Blood), 81, 219
Transaminase, 103, 104, 108
Transforming Phlegm and dispelling
Dampness, as cancer treatment
principle, 41
Transportation and transformation
function of the Spleen, 21, 24, 103,
INDEX 611
160, 169, 177, 244, 254, 303, 319,
450, 484, 490, 502, 528, 540
Treating different diseases with the
same method, 30
Treating the same disease with different
methods, 30
Treatment according to
constitution, 31-32
person, 31
stage of cancer, 32
time and place, 32
Treatment of common side-effects
caused by radiotherapy and
chemotherapy, 85-208
Treatment of complications commonly
associated with cancer, 209-337
Tremella, see Bai Mu Er
Trichosanthis, Fructus, see Gua Lou
Trichosanthis, Radix, see Tian Hua Fen
Triple-route relaxation method, in
relaxation Qigong, 348
Trogopteri, Excrementum, see Wu Ling
Zhi
Trophoblastoma, 31
Tu Bie Chong (Eupolyphaga seu
Steleophaga)
breaking up Blood stasis and
dispersing accumulations, 66
invigorating the Blood and trans-
forming Blood stasis, 40, 66
softening hardness and dissipating
lumps, 42
Tu Fu Ling (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae),
for clearing Heat and relieving
Toxicity, 43
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae)
bone marrow suppression, 88
fortifying the Spleen and boosting
the Kidneys, 37
hair loss, 202
leukopenia, 89
promoting humoral immunity, 65
promoting the production of
leukocytes and macrophages, 64
promoting the production of T
lymphocytes, 65
Tu Si Zi Yin (Dodder Seed Beverage),
65
Tumors, see also Cancer and Malignant
tumors
abdominal cavity, 225
breast, 6, 8
cardia, 3, 8
cerebral, 239, 240
 chest, 132, 221 and pain, 211
colon, 284, 325 Vindesine, 170,211
diagnosis and treatment of, in TCM, Vinorelbine, 122, 211
29-49 constipation, 325
digestive tract, 44, 390, 398, 403 Vinyl chloride, as potential carcinogen,
emotional factors in formation, 25 22
esophagus, 3, 8, 386, 396 Violae Yedoensitis, Herba, see Zi Hua
etiology and pathology of, in TCM, Di Ding
19-27 Volume of bile flow, 109
eyes, 3 Vomiting; see Nausea and vomiting
head, 3, 367, 370 Vomiting of blood, 278-84, 477, 488 ;
intracranial, 216 see also Hematemesis
kidneys, 232
larynx, 12 Walnuts, use in diet therapy, 357, 358,
lumbar vertebrae, 252 359, 379, 382, 394, 433, 508
lung, 237, 403 Wan Dai Tang (Decoction for
mediastinum, 125, 221, 396 Terminating Discharge), 525
mouth, 3,191 Wang Bu Liu Xing (Semen Vaccariae
neck, 3, 8, 367, 370 Segetalis), for moving the Blood
nose, 3 and freeing Blood stasis, 66
pelvic cavity, 225 Warm needling, 10, 45, 77
pelvis, 5,145 Warming the Kidneys and
pleura, 221, 293 strengthening Yang, as cancer
pyloric antrum, 5 treatment principle, 35-36
rectum, 284, 325 Warts, 10
spinal cord, 20 Water and Dampness patterns, 119
stomach, 3, 8, 386 Water caltrop, 359, 372, 377, 378, 389,
throat, 3 391,40 -1,433,518,529
thyroid gland, 8 Water chestnut, 356, 357, 360, 364, 367,
uterus, 4, 5 383,407
Typhae, Pollen, see Pu Huang Water chestnut starch, 375, 391, 402,
407
Ulcerating tumors with exudation, 34 Water melon, 357, 358, 359, 368, 479,
Ulceration in late-stage cancers, 333 518, 529, 536
Ulcerative colitis, 501 Wax gourd, 357, 358, 359, 479
Ultraviolet radiation, as potential WBC, 45, 46, 55, 57, 58, 70, 71, 72,
carcinogen, 22 75, 78, 81, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100,
Unhealthy diet, as an etiological factor 101, 102, 362, 363, 467, 468, 491,
in the formation of tumors, 22-3 495
Upper Dantian, 343 Weak constitution, 10, 53, 228, 294, 297,
Urinary retention after surgery for 310, 318, 326, 423, 460, 533, 537,
bladder cancer, acupuncture 540
treatment, 534 after chemotherapy for stomach
cancer, 491
Vaccariae Segetalis, Semen, see Wang Bu and diet therapy, 368, 370, 375, 376,
Liu Xing 4, 378, 389, 391, 393, 395, 402
Vaginal bleeding, 7, 309, 513, 523 and Qigong therapy, 343, 344, 346,
Verbenae, Herba cum Radice, see Ma Weakening of the immune function, in
Bian Cao late-stage cancer, 29
Vinblastine, and constipation, 325 Wei Ge Gen (Radix Puerariae, roasted),
Vinca alkaloids, causing nausea and for radiation proctitis, 152
vomiting, 159 Wen Dan Tang (Decoction for Warming
Vincristine, 89, 94, 170, 196, 204, 325, the Gallbladder), 129
462, 470, 494, 495, 498, 511 Wen jing Tang (Menses-Warming
and constipation, 325 Decoction), 321
Wen Pi Tang (Spleen-Warming
Decoction), 226
Wheezing and shortness of breath, as
complication of lung cancer, 455
Wheezing due to Lung Deficiency,
acupuncture treatment after
surgery for lung cancer, 459
White blood cell count, see WBC
White radish (mooli), use in diet
therapy, 375, 407, 419, 461, 494
Whole-body relaxation, in relaxation
Qigong, 349
Wind-Cold obstruction, 212, 216
Wind-Heat Toxins accumulating in the
Zang-Fu organs, 413
Wolfberry, use in diet therapy, 357, 358,
359, 361, 362, 373, 374, 375, 376,
379, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 391,
395,403
Wu Bei Zi (Galla Rhois Chinensis), for
skin ulcers in cancer, 334
Wu Bi Shan Yao Wan (Matchless
Chinese Yam Pill), 290
Wu Gong (Scolopendra Subspinipes),
external application for cancer pain,
238
Wu Hua Guo (Receptaculum Fici
Caricae), use in diet therapy, 365
Wu Hua Guo Pai Gu Tang (Fig and
Spareribs Soup), 365, 381
Wu ji Bai Feng Wan (Black Chicken and
White Phoenix Pill), 65
Wu Ling San (Poria Five Powder), 117,
119,304
Wu Ling Zhi (Excrementum Trogopteri),
for invigorating the Blood and
transforming Blood stasis, 40
Wu Mei (Fructus Pruni Mume)
nourishing Yin and generating Body
Fluids, 35
radiation proctitis, 152
Wu Mi Zhou (Five Grains Congee), 441
Wu Pi Yin (Five-Peel Beverage), 118
Wu Ren ErMi Zhou (Five Kernel and
Two Rice Congee), 394
Wu Ren Wan (Five Kernels Pill), 330
Wu Tou Tang (Aconite Mother Root
Decoction), 216
Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae)
cardiotoxicity, 138
damage to liver function, 104
effect on liver function, 109
nourishing Yin and generating Body
Fluids, 35
radiation proctitis, 152
 INDEX 613

Wu Yao (Radix Linderae Strychnifoliae), Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi), Xing Ren Nai Zbou (Apricot Kernel and
for skin ulcers in cancer, 335 for dredging the Liver and Milk Congee), 390
-eath, as Wu Zhi Yin (Five Juice Beverage), 56, regulating Qi, 39 Xiong Zhi Shi Gao Tang (Sichuan Lovage,
.cer, 455 355, 367, 443, 461 Xiang Fu Xuan Fu Hua Tang (Nutgrass White Angelica and Gypsum
ency, Rhizome and Inula Flower Decoction), 218
fter Xanthii Sibirici, Fructus, see Cang Er Zi Decoction), 223, 297, 298 Xu Duan (Radix Dipsaci), for warming
459 Xerostomia, 189,190 Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang (Aucklandia the Kidneys and strengthening
?BC Xi (cleft) points, for invigorating the and Amomum Six Gentlemen Yang, 35
let Blood and transforming Blood Decoction), 56, 65, 168, 186, 261, Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang (Inula and
51,494 stasis, 46 430, 437, 491, 498 Hematite Decoction), 71, 169, 170,
ixation Xi ben (rushing respiration), 4, 8, 454 Xiang Yuan (Fructus Citri Medicae seu 171, 426, 427, 484
Xi Gua Niu Pai Tang (Watermelon and Wilsonii), for dredging the Liver Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae
216 Beefsteak Soup), 378 and regulating Qi, 39 Ningpoensis)
ing in the Xi Huang Wan (Rhinoceros Bezoar Pill), Xiao Ban Xia Tang (Minor Pinellia decrease in the number of platelets,
422, 424, 445 Decoction), 164 89
357, 358, Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang (Rhinoceros Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum dry mouth, 190
375, 376, Horn and Rehmannia Decoction), Decoction), 111, 112,479 enriching Yin and nourishing the
385, 391, 275 Xiao ChengQi Tang (Minor Qi- Blood, 34
Xi Jiao San' (Rhinoceros Horn Powder), Sustaining Decoction), 163 nourishing Yin and generating Body
nsis), for 257 Xiao Ji (Herba Cephalanoploris seu Fluids, 35
Xi rou (polyps), 3 Cirsii), for skin ulcers in cancer, postoperative use, 56
!ss Xi Shu (Fructus seu Radix 335 radiation pneumonitis, 126
Camptothecae), for invigorating Xiao Ji Yin Zi (Field Thistle Drink), 120, Xuanyin (suspended fluids), 293
inipes), the Blood and transforming Blood 149, 152, 288, 507 Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang (Decoction for
:ancer pain, stasis, 40 Xiao Jian Zhong Tang (Minor Decoction Expelling Stasis from the House of
Xi Xin (Herba cum Radice Asari), for Fortifying the Middle Burner), Blood), 74, 124, 142, 219, 224, 229,
.ici external application for cancer pain, 228,251 251, 317, 452
ipy, 365 238 Xiao Jin Dan (Minor Golden Special Xue Jian Chow (Herba Galii), for
and Xi Yang Shen (Radix Panacis Pill), 456 radiation proctitis, 152
l Quinquefolii) Xiao Liu Wan (Tumor-Dispersing Pill), Xue jie (Resina Draconis)
icken and supplementing Qi and nourishing the 520 breaking up Blood stasis and
Blood, 33 Xiao Mai Zhou (Wheat Congee), 393, dispersing accumulations, 66
ier), 117, use in diet therapy, 360, 368 536 external application for cancer pain,
Xiage (masses below the diaphragm Xiao Shi Yin (Beverage for Dispersing 238
'rogopteri), caused by Blood stasis), 3 Food Accumulation), 355, 369 invigorating the Blood and trans-
d and Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae Vulgaris), Xiao Shui Gao (Water-Dispersing Paste), forming Blood stasis, 40, G6
s,40 for softening hardness and 307,308 skin ulcers in cancer, 333
dissipating lumps, 42 Xiao Yao San (Free Wanderer Powder), Xue Yu Tan (Crinis Carbonisatus
ing Body Xian He Cao (Herba Agrimoniae Pilosae) 106, 261, 426, 430, 436, 474, 479, Hominis), for radiation proctitis,
radiation proctitis, 152 484, 491, 492 152
skin ulcers in cancer, 335 Xie Bai San (White-Draining Powder),
igee), 441 use in diet therapy, 364, 400 273, 274, 299 Ya Dan Zi (Fructus Bruceae Javanicae
e), 118 Xian He Cao Cha (Agrimony Tea), 364 Xie Xin Tang (Decoction for Draining for clearing Heat and relieving
nel and Xian He Cao Jiu (Agrimony Liquor), 364 the Heart), 279 Toxicity, 43
Xian He Cao Zbi Dun Zi Ji (Baby Xin Jia Xiang Ru Yin (Newly Supple- Yan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis
11), 330 Chicken Stewed with Hairy Vein mented Aromatic Madder Yanhusuo)
r Root Agrimony), 364, 400 Beverage), 179 dredging the Liver and regulating Qi,
Xian Mao (Rhizoma Curculiginis Xin Pi Shuang Bu Tang (Soup for 39
ue) Orchioidis) Supplementing the Heart and external application for cancer pain,
promoting humoral immunity, 65 Spleen), 377 238
)4 warming the Kidneys and Xing Ken (Semen Pruni Armeniacae), moving the Blood and freeing Blood
strengthening Yang, 35 for transforming Phlegm and stasis, 66
ing Body Xiang Cai (Herba cum Radice dispelling Dampness, 41 skin ulcers in cancer, 335
Coriandri), for a decrease in the Xing Ren Mi Nai Shuang (Almond, Yan Wo Bao Yu Chi (Edible Bird's Nest
number of platelets, 89 Honey and Milk jelly), 393, 443 and Shark's Fin Stew), 400,508

614 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Yang Deficiency, 36, 141, 160, 235, 236,
318,326
and Qi Deficiency, 214
fever due to, 250
of the Spleen and Kidneys, 294, 503
of the Spleen and Stomach, 168,186
Yang He Tang (Harmonious Yang
Decoction), 54
Yang jaundice, 253, 254, 255-7
patterns
Dampness predominating over
Heat, 256
Heat predominating over
Dampness, 255
transforming into Yin jaundice, 260
Yang Qi Deficiency, 244
Yang Rou Lao Bo Tang (Mutton and
Radish Soup), 375
Yang Rou Zbou (Lamb Congee), 391
Yang straying due to Yin Deficiency,
278
Yang Xue Sheng Fa Jiao Nang (Capsules
for Nourishing the Blood and
Promoting Hair Growth), 204
Yang Yin Qing Fei Tang (Decoction for
Nourishing Yin and Clearing the
Lungs), 131
Yege (dysphagia and diaphragmatic
occlusion), 8, 12, 14, 25, 26
Ye Ju Hua (Flos Chrysanthemi Indicae),
for clearing Heat and relieving
Toxicity, 43
Yellow jelly fungus, use in diet therapy,
357, 358, 359, 360, 363, 372, 374,
384, 388, 394,406,443, 529, 536
Yellowing of the skin and eyes
(jaundice), 249, 255, 256, 475
Yi Gong San (Special Achievement
Powder), 496
Yi Guan Jian (All-the-Way-Through
Brew), 191, 232
Yi Mi Zhou (Coix Seed Congee), 354,
357, 358, 359, 364, 388,443, 479,
508, 518, 529, 536
Yi Mu Cao (Herba Leonuri Heterophylli)
invigorating the Blood and trans-
forming Blood stasis, 40, 66
moving the Blood and freeing Blood
stasis, 66
YiQi Yang Rang Tang (Decoction for
Augmenting Qi and Nourishing
Ying Qi), 439
YiQi Yang Yin Tang (Decoction for
Augmenting Qi and Nourishing
Yin), 80
Yi Sben Tang (Decoction for Boosting
the Kidneys), 123
Yi Wei Tang (Decoction for Boosting
the Stomach), 191, 486
Yi Xue Sheng (Tablet for Augmenting
the Generation of Blood), 94, 96
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis Lachryma-jobi)
decrease in the number of platelets,
89
fortifying the Spleen and
harmonizing the Stomach, 36
radiation proctitis, 152
transforming Phlegm and dispelling
Dampness, 41
use in diet therapy, 354, 355, 357, 358,
359, 364, 386, 388, 395, 396
Yi Yi Ren Cha (Coix Seed Tea), 364
Yi Yin Jian (All Yin Brew), 321
Yi Zbi Ken (Fructus Alpiniae
Oxyphyllae)
promoting the production of
leukocytes and macrophages, 64
radiation cystitis, 146
Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae
Scopariae)
damage to renal function, 117
effect on liver function, 109
Yin Chen Hao Tang (Oriental
Wormwood Decoction), 107, 249,
255,475
Yin Cben Wu Ling San (Oriental
Wormwood and Poria Five
Powder, with modifications), 256
Yin Chen Zbu Fu Tang (Oriental
Wormwood, Atractylodes and
Aconite Decoction), 258
Yin Deficiency, 12,131,160,161,201,
203, 214, 224, 235, 236, 243, 291,
318,389
as etiology of dry mouth, 190
fever due to, 244
of the Liver and Kidneys, 476, 504,
523
of the Lungs and Kidneys, after
radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal
cancer, 418
Yin Er (Tr&' ella), see Bai Mu Er
Yin Er Ge Dan Tang (Yellow Jelly
Fungus and Pigeon's Egg Soup),
384
Yin Er Za Guo Tang (Yellow Jelly
Fungus and Fruit Medley Soup),
363,384
Yin jaundice, 254, 255, 256,258-60,261
patterns
Cold-Damp encumbering the
Spleen, 258
Deficiency of Qi and Blood, 259
Deficiency of Vital Qi with
binding of Blood stasis, 260
Yin Lu Bo He Cha (Honeysuckle Flower,
Reed Rhizome and Peppermint
Tea), 355, 369
YinQiao San (Honeysuckle and
Forsythia Powder), 179
Yin Yang Huo (Herba Epimedii)
fortifying the Spleen and boosting
the Kidneys, 37
postoperative use for augmenting Qi
and consolidating the exterior,
56
promoting humoral immunity, 65
promoting the production of
leukocytes and macrophages, 64
promoting the production of T
lymphocytes, 65
warming the Kidneys and
strengthening Yang, 35
Yin Yang Huo Mian Tang (Epimedium
Noodle Soup), 380
Ying ku (goiters and tumors of the neck),
6,8
Yin-Yang disharmony, 243, 263, 447,
450
Yin-Yang imbalance, 27
Yong abscesses, 4, 6, 10, 14, 16, 42
You Gui Wan (Restoring the Right
[Kidney Yang] Pill), 195, 236
You Gui Yin (Restoring the Right
[Kidney Yang] Beverage), 92
Yu Chi GuiQi Tang (Shark's Fin,
Angelica and Astragalus Soup),
373
Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae), for dredging
the Liver and regulating Qi, 39
Yu Mi Xu (Stylus Zeae Mays), for
damage to renal function, 116
Yu Nil Jian (Jade Lady Brew), 128
Yu Ping Feng San (Jade Screen Powder),
56, 65, 264
• Shu Dan (Jade Pivot Special Pill),
162
• Xing Cao (Herba Houttuyniae
Cordatae)
clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity,
43
damage to renal function, 117
use in diet therapy, 365, 366, 370
• Xing Cao Yin (Houttuynia Beverage),
365,366
 INDEX 615

e Yu Zbu (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati) ZhengQi Tian Xiang San (Lindera and Zhi Shi Dao Zhi Wan (Immature Bitter
nourishing Yin and generating Body Nutgrass Rhizome Vital Qi Orange Pill For Guiding Out
:)d, 259 Fluids, 35 Powder), 225 Stagnation), 180, 226
:h postoperative use, 56 Zbeng Yang Li Lao Tang (Decoction for Zhi Shi Xiao Pi Wan (Immature Bitter
sis, 260 radiation pneumonitis, 126 Rescuing Yang and Regulating Orange Pill for Dispersing Focal
le Flower, Yu Zhu Er Dong Tang (Solomon's Seal, Taxation), 277 Distension), 168
:mint Lucid Asparagus and Ophiopogon Zhi Bat Di Huang Wan (Anemarrhena, Zhi Tong Tai Yang Dan (Special
Soup), 362, 384 Phellodendron and Rehmannia Preparation for Alleviating Taiyang
I Yuan Hua (Flos Daphnes Genkwa), for Pill), 245, 289, 504 Pain), 239
skin ulcers in cancer, 334. Zhi Bao Dan (Supreme Jewel Special Zhi Tong Xiao Shui Fang (Formula for
1) Yuan Zhi Yi Zhi Ren Zbou (Polygala Pill), 258 Alleviating Pain and Dispersing
osting Root and Bitter Cardamom Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, mix- Water), 239
Congee), 397 fried with honey) Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis),
:nting Qi Yue Bi Jia Ban Xia Tang (Maidservant fortifying the Spleen and for radiation cystitis, 146
xterior, from Yue Decoction Plus Pinellia), harmonizing the Stomach, 36 Zhong (swelling), origin of term, 3
221 nausea and vomiting, 161 Zhong Jie Feng (Ramulus et Folium
ty, 65 Yue Ji Hua (Flos et Fructus Rosae Zhi Han Fang (Formula for Stopping Sarcandrae), for invigorating the
f Chinensis), for invigorating the Sweating), 268 Blood and transforming Blood
pages, 64 Blood and transforming Blood Zhi He Shou Wu (Radix Polygoni stasis, 40
fT stasis, 40 Multiflori Praeparata) Zhong ku (tumor), origin of term, 3
Yun Nan Bai Yao (Yunnan White), 77, enriching Yin and nourishing the Zhu Ling (Sclerotium Polypori
275, 284, 428, 527 Blood, 34 Umbellati)
supplementing Qi and nourishing the damage to renal function, 116
tedium Zao Jiaoti (Spina Gleditsiae Sinensis) Blood, 33 transforming Phlegm and dispelling
invigorating the Blood and Zhi HuangQi (Radix Astragali seu Dampness, 41
the neck), transforming Blood stasis, 40 Hedysari, mix-fried with honey), Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniis),
postoperative use for augmenting Qi for augmenting Qi and relieving for nausea and vomiting, 161
3,447, and relieving Toxicity, 57 Toxicity, 57 Zbu Ru Tang (Bamboo Shavings
skin ulcers in cancer, 333 Zhi Ke (Fructus Cirri Aurantii) Decoction), 163
transforming Phlegm and dispelling anorexia, 178 Zi Cao (Radix Arnebiae seu
42 Dampness, 41 damage to renal function, 117 Lithospermi), for skin ulcers in
ght Ze Lan (Herba Lycopi Lucidi), for dredging the Liver and regulating Qi, cancer, 333
l36 moving the Blood and freeing 39 Zi He Che (Placenta Hominis)
ht Blood stasis, 66 Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae bone marrow suppression, 88
92 Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis), Asphodeloidis) decrease in hemoglobin, 89
1, for damage to renal function, 116 clearing Heat and relieving Toxicity, decrease in the number of platelets,
cup), Zeae Mays, Stylus, see Yu Mi Xu 43 89
Zeng Ye ChengQi Tang (Decoction for nourishing Yin and generating Body enriching Yin and nourishing the
redging Increasing Body Fluids and Fluids, 35 Blood, 34
li, 39 Sustaining Qi), 56 postoperative use, 56 fortifying the Spleen and boosting
For Zha Mei Yi Wei Tang (Hawthorn and Zhi Mu Dang Gui Ji Dan (E Cooked the Kidneys, 38
116 Black Plum Decoction for with Anemarrhena and Chinese leukopenia, 89
28 Boosting the Stomach), 464, 465 Angelica), 404 use in diet therapy, 361
'owder), Zhong Nao (Camphora), external Zhi Mu Dun Niu Rou (Beef Stewed with Zi Hua Di Ding (Herba Violae
application for cancer pain, 238 Anemarrhena), 403 Yedoensitis), for clearing Heat and
Pill), Zhe Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Thun- Zbi Mu ji Geng (Anemarrhena and Egg relieving Toxicity, 43
bergii), for transforming Phlegm Broth), 377 Zi Shen Tong Guan Wan (Pill for
at and dispelling Dampness, 41 Z4hi Mu Su Rang Yin (Quick- Enriching the Kidneys and
Zhe Ou Zhi Yin (Sugarcane and Lotus Dissolving Anemarrhena Opening the Gate), 541
oxicity, Root Juice Beverage), 367, 443 Powder), 355, 370 Zi ShamQing Gan Yin (Beverage for
Zben Ren Yang Zang Tang (True Man Zhi Ou He Ji (Stopping Vomiting Enriching Water and Clearing the
7 Decoction for Nourishing the Mixture), 173 Liver), 476
370 Zang Organs), 154 Zhi Sbi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Zi Su Ye (Folium Perillae Frutescentis),
everage), Zhen Zhu Fen (Margarita, powdered), for Aurantii), for dredging the Liver for nausea and vomiting, 161
skin ulcers in cancer, 333 and regulating Qi, 39 Zi Xue San (Purple Snow Powder), 455


616 MANAGEMENT OF CANCER

Zingiberis Officinalis Recens, Rhizoma, Zuo Gui Wan (Restoring the Left Zuo Jin Wan (Left-Running Metal Pill),
see ShengJiang [Kidney Yin] Pill), 192, 236, 314 165
Ziziphi Jujubae, Fructus, see Da Zao Zuo Gui Yin (Restoring the Left [Kidney
Zi7iphi Spinosae, Semen, see Suan Zao Ren Yin] Beverage), 446