Creep testing experiments

Cairo University Experimentation MDE Department

Faculty of 4th year
Engineering

Report #1

Submitted By Omar Mohsen Abd Submission Date:

El Azim 30/10/2018
Checked By Dr. Chahinaz

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 Creep testing experiments

Contents
Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 4
Experiment 1: Tensile creep Test ............................................................................................................ 5
Devices and Tools................................................................................................................................ 5
Old experiment1: ................................................................................................................................ 6
Old experiment2: ................................................................................................................................ 8
Present Experiment .......................................................................................................................... 10
Analysis: ............................................................................................................................................ 11
Experiment 2Bending creep.................................................................................................................. 12
Devices and tools .............................................................................................................................. 12
Procedures: ....................................................................................................................................... 12
Analysis of data of the experiment ................................................................................................... 13
Conclusion and final discussion ............................................................................................................ 15

Table of figures
Figure 1( device used for creep experiment) .......................................................................................... 3
Figure 2(creep vs. time) .......................................................................................................................... 4
Figure 3(Ordinary Vernier Caliper vs. Digital) ......................................................................................... 5
Figure 4(Dial indicator) ........................................................................................................................... 5
Figure 5(the schematic structure of creep exp.)..................................................................................... 6
Figure 6(strain vs time experiment1)...................................................................................................... 8
Figure 7(graph of strain vs time) ........................................................................................................... 10
Figure 8(Strain vs Time graph) .............................................................................................................. 11
Figure 9( Structure of the experiment schematic)................................................................................ 12
Figure 10(graph presentation of deflection vs time) ............................................................................ 14

Table of tables
Table 1( strian vs time data) ................................................................................................................... 7
Table 2(Strain vs Time Data) ................................................................................................................... 9
Table 3(Strain vs time data table) ......................................................................................................... 10
Table 4( collecting variables from both experiments) .......................................................................... 11
Table 5(data of deflection and time) .................................................................................................... 13

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 Creep testing experiments

Abstract
In this report our main goal in the report is to understand first what is a creep, what are the
factors affecting creep and after revising this basics to directly be ready for doing both
experiments that are well explained in the following sections knowing the procedures of the
experiment ,time taken values calculated and overall result.

Figure 1( device used for creep experiment)

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 Creep testing experiments

Introduction
So as mentioned earlier this experiments are about creep. Creep is a slow time-dependent
irreversible process of plastic deformation for a metal material under the influence of
stresses which are lower than the yield strength of the material. Creep results from long-
term stresses and generates chronic strain accumulation or stress relaxation. Creep is
generally damaging and related to inter-granular cracking and void growth over time. (Mills,
2007).So after the previous definition both temperature and time are the main factor to this
property. In below the creep graph against time is found to determine the popular three
stages of the creep (primary-secondary (steady state creep)-Tertiary).

Figure 2(creep vs. time)

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 Creep testing experiments

Experiment 1: Tensile creep Test

In this section will be mentioning the first experiments procedures what tools and devices
used to get the final calculations, analyzing the data by using excel in order to get the
constant of the used material and comparing the results of the lab occurred with other labs
to see under different inputs (time& temperature) what are their results and the
implemented graph after their trial.

Devices and Tools

The first tool that is going to be mentioned in this section is vernier caliper .To begin with
there was two specimen were given in order to know there dimension and students were
divided into two groups one using the ordinary vernier caliper and the other group used
electronic gadget .

Figure 3(Ordinary Vernier Caliper vs. Digital)

Dial indicator and this device is device that amplifies the small distances and angles by the
deflection of its arm

Figure 4(Dial indicator)

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 Creep testing experiments

The final device to mention is the frame and the load of the experiment itself, the load put
in the experiment was 7.973kg then the students waited for the 10 seconds to measure the
strain of the specimen then another 10 seconds and so on to gain the data that is found in
the end of the experiment in the following section details about the data shall be given in
order to output of the experiments

Figure 5(the schematic structure of creep exp.)

Old experiment1:
The data of the specimen of the old experiment:

Diameter=7mm

Length=68mm

Load=42.5kg

Time Deflection
(hour) (mm) Strain
0 0.47 0.006911765
0.0027778 0.47 0.006911765
0.0055556 0.472 0.006941176
0.0083333 0.472 0.006941176
0.0111111 0.475 0.006985294
0.0138889 0.475 0.006985294
0.0166667 0.475 0.006985294
0.0222222 0.48 0.007058824
0.0277778 0.49 0.007205882
0.0333333 0.495 0.007279412
0.0416667 0.5 0.007352941
0.05 0.51 0.0075
0.0583333 0.52 0.007647059
0.0666667 0.53 0.007794118
0.075 0.531 0.007808824

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 Creep testing experiments

0.0833333 0.54 0.007941176

0.1 0.55 0.008088235
0.1166667 0.57 0.008382353
0.1333333 0.58 0.008529412
0.1444444 0.588 0.008647059
0.1666667 0.595 0.00875
0.25 0.651 0.009573529
0.3333333 0.671 0.009867647
0.4166667 0.691 0.010161765
0.5 0.715 0.010514706
0.5833333 0.792 0.011647059
Table 1( strian vs time data)

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 Creep testing experiments

strain vs time
0.014

y = 0.0079x + 0.0071 0.012

0.01

0.008
Strain
strain vs time 0.006
Linear (strain vs time)
0.004

0.002

0
0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
Time

Figure 6(strain vs time experiment1)

The slope of this curve is naturally the 𝜖̇ therefore the slope is equal to 0.0079

Old experiment2:
Diameter = 7.06 mm

Gauge Length = 77.03 mm

Load = 40.28 Kg

Strain extension Time

0.005193 0.4 0

0.005257 0.405 0.0027778

0.005257 0.405 0.0055556

0.005322 0.41 0.0083333

0.005322 0.41 0.0111111

0.005322 0.41 0.0138889

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 Creep testing experiments

0.005322 0.41 0.0166667

0.005361 0.413 0.0222222

0.005452 0.42 0.0277778

0.005517 0.425 0.0333333

0.005582 0.43 0.0416667

0.005647 0.435 0.05

0.005686 0.438 0.0583333

0.005712 0.44 0.0666667

0.005777 0.445 0.075

0.005842 0.45 0.0833333

0.006101 0.47 0.1

0.006166 0.475 0.1166667

0.006231 0.48 0.1333333

0.006361 0.49 0.15

0.006426 0.495 0.1666667

0.00714 0.55 0.2638889

0.007399 0.57 0.3472222

0.007724 0.595 0.4305556

0.007789 0.6 0.5138889

0.007919 0.61 0.5972222

0.008178 0.63 0.6805556

0.008308 0.64 0.7638889

0.008698 0.67 0.8472222

Table 2(Strain vs Time Data)

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 Creep testing experiments

Strain vs Time
0.01
y = 0.0073x + 0.0056 0.009
R² = 0.845 0.008
0.007
0.006
Strain
0.005
Strain vs Time 0.004
Linear (Strain vs Time) 0.003
0.002
0.001
0
0.6 0.4 0.2 0
Time

Figure 7(graph of strain vs time)

𝜖̇=0.0073(the slope)

Present Experiment
L=68.59m

D=6.89m

Load=7.973Kg

strain extension Time(hr) time

0.002916 0.2 0 0
0.002916 0.2 0.002778 10
0.002989 0.205 0.005556 20
0.003062 0.21 0.008333 30
0.003062 0.21 0.011111 40
0.003062 0.21 0.013889 50
0.003062 0.21 0.016667 60
0.003135 0.215 0.025 90
0.003164 0.217 0.033333 120
0.003193 0.219 0.041667 150
0.003222 0.221 0.05 180
0.003295 0.226 0.058333 210
0.003353 0.23 0.066667 240
0.003382 0.232 0.075 270
0.003484 0.239 0.083333 300
Table 3(Strain vs time data table)

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 Creep testing experiments

Strain vs Time
0.0036
y = 0.006x + 0.003 0.0035
R² = 0.9661 0.0034
0.0033
Strain vs Time 0.0032 Strain
0.0031
Linear (Strain vs Time)
0.003
0.0029
0.0028
0.1 0.05 0
Time

Figure 8(Strain vs Time graph)

Analysis:
After analyzing the experiment more than one time it is clear for
now that we can get the constants (B,N) from the following
equation:

ϵ̇ = B ∗ 𝜎 𝑁

Therefore this equation can be deducted to:

𝐿𝑛(ϵ̇ ) =Ln (B) +N*Ln (𝜎).

Load(kg) 𝜎(Mpa) Ln(𝜎) ϵ̇ Ln(ϵ̇ ) Diameter

42.5(kg) 11.04 2.4 0.0079 -4.84 7mm
40.28(kg) 10.28 2.33 0.0073 -4.91 7.06mm
Table 4( collecting variables from both experiments)

The results came from solving the 2 equations that :

N=2.36

B=1.011*10^-3

In the next section there will be an experiment about the bending

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 Creep testing experiments

creep to check the value that was resulted from this section.

Therefore by substituting in equation it gives 6.078 ∗ 10−3 ℎ𝑟 −1 and

the true value of our experiment is 6 ∗ 10−3 ℎ𝑟 −1 which is almost
true.

Experiment 2Bending creep

In This experiment the material creep is going to be tested in
another condition of loading this time the specimen is subjected to
a bending moment where it is supported from two points and there
is a load on a point of a specimen so in this section detailed
description is shown.

Devices and tools

1-Balance weight

2-Test Rig

3-Test Specimen

4-Dial gauge

5-Leverage System

6-Loading Frame

7-Loading Weight

Figure 9( Structure of the experiment schematic)

Procedures:

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 Creep testing experiments

In This experiment students firstly adjusted the specimen to put

the load at the midpoint of the specimen

Then the load of 7kg was put at the end of the lever.

Then we measured the initial deflection and started taking the

deflection in the specimen time interval

Analysis of data of the experiment

extension Time(hours) Time(sec)

0.74 0 0
0.8 0.166667 10
0.85 0.333333 20
0.89 0.5 30
0.93 0.666667 40
0.96 0.833333 50
0.99 1 60
1.04 1.333333 80
1.09 1.666667 100
1.12 2 120
1.17 2.5 150
1.22 3 180
1.26 3.5 210
1.3 4 240
1.34 4.5 270
1.38 5 300
1.41 6 360
1.44 7 420
1.48 8 480
1.51 9 540
1.59 10 600
1.64 11 660
1.69 12 720
1.745 13 780
1.81 14 840
2.03 19 1140
2.28 24 1440
2.47 29 1740
2.65 34 2040
2.81 39 2340
Table 5(data of deflection and time)

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Deflection vs Time

3
y = 0.0456x + 0.9892 2.5
R² = 0.9518
2
1.5 Strain
Series1
1
Linear (Series1)
0.5
0
50 40 30 20 10 0
Time(hr.)

Figure 10(graph presentation of deflection vs time)

From the above data the v dot =0.0456mm/hr.

2𝑁+1 2 2 𝑝 𝑧 (𝑁+2) 𝐿 (𝑛+1) 𝑍

ὐ =B[ ∗ 𝑏𝑑2 ] ∗ (𝑑) ∗ (2)𝑁 ∗ [(𝑁+1)(𝑁+2) − 2 ∗ (𝑁+1)]
𝑁

Where:

B=1.011*10^-3(HR^-1MPA^-1)

N=2.36

d=14.63mm

b=13.8633mm

p=274.4N

L=100mm

Z=50.25mm

By substituting the above equation the v dot is 0.0334248mm/hr.

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Conclusion and final discussion

From the final results it is clear that there is a problem in the final
result of the bending creep test this is because of many factors as
human error also there may be installation error also the specimen
take a very short time which may lead to errors also taking data for
different time may respond in un accuracy of data. Finally there
must be a study for the external factor effecting the experiment

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