GENERAL ANATOMY PRACTICAL I

BACK, SPINAL CORD AND UPPER EXTREMITY

Surface anatomy/palpable structures:

external occipital protuberance (EOP)
spine of the scapula
acromion process
inferior angle of the scapula
spinous processes of C7, T3, T7, L4 and S2
clavicle
sacral hiatus
natal cleft

Spinal cord:
spinal cord
cervical and lumbar enlargements
conus medullaris
ventral and dorsal roots
cauda equine
meninges (dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater)
denticulate ligaments
filum terminale
ventral and dorsa rami of spinal nerves
dorsal root ganglion

Bones and Bony landmarks:

EOP and occipital condyles
Vertebral parts
Body
Arch
Pedicles
transverse processes and foramina
laminae
articular facets
spinous process
Vertebral column (regional differences)
intervertebral foramen
vertebral foramen and canal
C1 vertebra
Arches
Tubercles
articular facets
C2 vertebra
Dens
spinous process
C3-C7 spinous processes
thoracic vertebrae:
facets for ribs
lumbar vertebrae
ilium:
iliac crest
posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)
mastoid process (temporal bone)
Scapula
Spine
superior and inferior angles
axillary and vertebral borders
fossae (supraspinous, infraspinous, subscapular, glenoid)
tubercles (supraglenoid, infraglenoid)
processes (coracoid, acromion)
Clavicle
sternal and acromial ends (medial and lateral)
Humerus
Head
anatomical neck
surgical neck
tubercles (greater and lesser)
intertubercular sulcus and crests (or bicipital groove)
deltoid tuberosity
radial (spiral) groove
medial and lateral epicondyles
trochlea
capitulum
fossae (radial, olecranon, and coronoid)
Ulna
Olecranon
trochlear notch
ulnar tuberosity
coronoid process
radial notch
head of the ulna
Radius
Head
Neck
Tuberosity
styloid processes
ulnar notch
Hand
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Joints:
facet joints (zygapophyseal)
atlantooccipital
atlantoaxial
acromioclavicular joint -
shoulder (glenohumeral) joint
elbow (humeroulnar) joint
radiohumeral joint
proximal radioulnar joint
radial joint
radiocarpal Joint
distal radioulnar joint
carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
metacarpophalangeal Joint
interphalangeal joint

Ligaments:
anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
ligamentum flavum
supraspinous and interspinous ligaments
coracoclavicular ligament
coracoacromial ligament
collateral ligament
ulnar collateral ligament
annular ligament

Muscles:
Trapezius

latissimus dorsi

rhomboids

erector spinae

sternocleidomastoid

scalene (middle and anterior)

serratus anterior

supraspinatus

infraspinatus

subscapularis,
teres minor

teres major
deltoid

pectoralis major

pectoralis minor

biceps brachii

coracobrachialis

brachialis

triceps brachii

forearm anterior compartment

pronator teres

flexor carpi radialis

palmaris longus (inconstant)

flexor digitorum superficialis

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexor pollicis longus and brevis

flexor digitorum profundus

pronator quadratus

forearm posterior compartment

brachioradialis

extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

extensor digitorum

extensor digiti minimi

extensor carpi ulnaris

abductor pollicis longus and brevis

extensor pollicis longus and brevis

extensor indicis

supinator

opponens pollicis
hypothenar muscle compartment

lumbricals

dorsal and palmar interossei

Nerves:
dorsal rami
CN XI
dorsal scapular nerve
cervical plexus
supraclavicular nerves (C3, 4)
phrenic nerve (C3, 4, 5)
spinal
accessory nerve (CN XI)
spinal accessory
dorsal scapular
suprascapular
axillary
brachial plexus:
ventral rami C5 – T1
roots
trunks
divisions
cords
preterminal and terminal nerves
median (recurrent branch of the median nerve, palmar cutaneous branch, digital branch)
ulnar (superficial and deep branches, digital branch)
radial (superficial and deep branches)
musculocutaneous
lateral
cutaneous nerve of the forearm
antebrachial cutaneous nerve

Blood vessels:
Arteries
Subclavian
Axillary
posterior circumflex humeral
brachial
deep brachial
radial
ulnar
superficial and deep palmar arch
digital branches
Veins (superficial):
external jugular
subclavian
cephalic
 basilic
Other:
thoracolumbar fascia
intervertebral discs: nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus
interscalene triangle
posterior triangle (boundaries and contents)
cubital fossa (boundaries, contents, and relationships)
interosseous membrane
flexor retinaculum
extensor retinaculum
anatomical snuff box
carpal tunnel
palmar aponeurosis
extensor expansions