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2/80 3.0 (8) Unit FL6004 Flowmeter Applications (Gas, Liquid & Steam) 5 SSS CONTENTS ORIFICE PLATES AND FLANGES LiL Orifice Plate ssseeseeseeeeeees Orifice Flange Unions. Steel Unions Pressure Connections s.s.++ FLow NozZLES 2.1 Pressure Connections . 212 Flow Nozzle Tap Location 213. Flow Nozzle Location +. vewTuRE TUBES: 3.1 Pressure Connections « 312 Venturi Tube Location GAS OR ATR FLOWMETER Starting Meter» oe Stopping Meter - As <1 General .. 2 3 LIQUID FLOWMETER Sel cenersl ere 512 Filling Meter Lines. 513. Starting Meter « 5.4 Stopping Meter STEAM FLOWMETER 6.1 Meter Lines ssssse+ Filling Meter Lines 6.2 6.3. Starting Meter 6.4 Stopping Meter 615. Density Corrections GAS FLOW CORRECTION TABLES 7.1. Gas Flow Correction For Teaperature .ss.+++ 7.2 Gae Flow Correction For Specific Gravity 2.3. Gas Flow Correction For Pressure ...++ “ 18 1» 1.0 ORIFICE PLATES AND FLANGES 1.1 ORLFIGE PLATES General, The orifice plate te the ost common and convenient type of primary device, The orifice plate consists of an accurately tored hole in a flat plate. The plate may be from 1/16" to about 3/8” thick depending upon pipe size. However, thicker plates are beveled on the donerrean side 20 that plate thickness at the entering edge ts Usually about 1/50th of pipe T.D. Always install beveled plates with the flac side upstresn (this side is sarked inlet on handle) snd beveled side downstream, Orifice plates should be carefully cleaned before installation. If plate is greasy, wuash it with a degreasing solvent, Do not clean orifice with emery cloth o sandpaper because this Will round out the orifice edges and destroy the accuracy of the plate and calibration of the recording or indicating instrument. Installation. In order to take full advantage of the accuracy built into Bristol's Flowmeters, the orifice plate should be installed in pipe Line fat a point yhere the longest possible straight run of pipe will exist upstream from the orifice (see Figure 1). For this reason it is important to select orifice location carefully. Pipe fittings, sharp bends, valves, etc., close to orifice set up eddy currents and disturbances that effect differ~ ‘ential pressures across the orifice, sonetines enough to cause {naccurate readings. The orifice fs designed for a particular tap location as spect- Hed on the order; there 48 no choice of location after plate hes been drilled. The orifice plate asy be inserted between any standard pipe flanges. Generally, orifice flange unjons are used except where venavcontracta or pipe tape are used. The plate mst be claaped so that the orifice 1s concentric with the pipe without Gdstorting orifice plate of pipe. The orifice plate is designed to clear flange bolt holes by approxinately 1/16". It 1a desireable to have the fend of che pipe flush with flange face, this leav~ ing no recess between end of pipe and orifice plate except that due to gasket thickness. In no case should the flange face extend beyond pipe end so thet recess extends 1/4". Gaskets should have openings ae large as outside dianeter of pipe and should be fastened on flanges vith shellac or other suitable adhesive, The use of white lead or soe Other non-adhesive ts preferred between gasket and orifice plate. F6004 — oy ¢ = ea =] get o = K ao I br—te = hee cr 13 8 Ha ate Figure 1. Location Of Primary Devices And Straightening Vanes cal F cs K L a0 | 6.0 [28 [so] 60] as | as 8.5 | 9.5 16.0 20 | 6.0 | 2:7 | 5.0 | eo | ais | a5. 8.5 | 9:5 Ins 30 | 6:0 | ato | 5:0 | Bo | ars | a5, ais | 9:5 | 19.5 cao | 6.0 | 3.3 | 5.0 | 60 | as | as as | 95 | also | 6:8 | 3.6 | 5:3 | 74 | 9:2 | 9.5: 30.0 | 10.3 | o.60 | 9:0 | 3:2 | 5.7 | 9.4 Jroe | 10.4 asia | azo 30.0 aro Jasin | as | 66 [22-0 J 2-2 | 12-0 aes }a5.0 | 38.0 ar80 | 20:0 | 4:5 | 8:0 |1s.0 | 15-5 | 1s.0 25.0 | 19.5 50.0 8 = Orifice Inside Dianeter Divided By Pipe Inoide Dianet Table 1. Minimum Lengths Of Straight Pipe In Terms Of Pipe Dianeter For Accurate Heasurenent With Flonmeter Using Flange Connections. Bristol Baboock 1100 Buckingham Street Watertomm, CT. 06795 ppg, Retest ok 1.2 ORIFICE FLANGE UNIONS Orifice flange unions are designed and furn~ ished as a convenient device for holding orifice plates and for measuring differential pressure across the plate, They consist of two flang each drilled for two pressure connections located 180" apart, The dimeter of chese pressure taps varies with flange pipe size (1/4" drill for 2.1/2 pipe and svaller, 3/8" drill for 3" and 3 1/2" pipe, 1/2" drill for 4* pipe and larger). Each pressure tap 4s reaned and threaded (to a depth of 1 snch) to receive 1/2" diameter acter piping (note: Taylor Forge furnishes 900 and 1500 pound flanges with 3/4" pipe taps) « Each union is furnished complete with stand~ ard number and dianeter of bolts or studs required for the sane rating pipe flange. Also, each flange ie furnished with a jackscrew to separate the flanges to facilitate orifice installation or removal. Orifice flange unions are available in forged steel or cast steel only. 1.3. STEEL uttoNs Forged steel orifice unions are furnished in four standard typen as follovs: Theeaded Union, (See Figure 2.) The indt- cated flange Union nay be back velded to insure @ pressure tight and reinforced Joint. Figure 2. Threaded Flange Union Slip-on Union. (See Figure 3.) Slip-on flanges, as the nane implica, are designed to slip over the pipe end in such a manner that the flange face projects approxinately 3/16" beyond pipe end. The flange mist be properly Lined up and square F604 with the pipe axis before it 4 velded. This type of flange requires two welds: one bead between hub fand pipe exterior, and one bead between the interior surface of {Lange and pipe end. The welding should be done carefully to insure strength and a pressure tight Joint. It say be necessary to machine the pipe end bead to prevent interference vith the Flange facing against the orifice pla Figure 3. Slip-On Welding Flange Union Welding Weck Union. (See Figure 4.) As shown tn sketch, the welding neck flange inside dianeter dn the same as the pipe. These unions are designed with an elongated hub of neck which is beveled on the end #0 an to form a groove vhen butted against fa pipe having a similar beveled end. This groove provides trough for weld material, Cure must be exercised to make certain that the flange to align fed exactly with the pipe. Also, highly skilled welding 4# required 1f Joint ts'to be strong and pressure tight end, at the some tine, flexible and heat in appearance: Figure 4, Welding Neck Flange Union Socket Welt Uoton. (See Figure 5.) A soci fined into the flange hub is euch a Way that the hub will slip over the pipe end for a

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