2/80
3.0
(8)
Unit FL6004
Flowmeter Applications
(Gas, Liquid & Steam)
5 SSS
CONTENTS
ORIFICE PLATES AND FLANGES
LiL Orifice Plate ssseeseeseeeeeees
Orifice Flange Unions.
Steel Unions
Pressure Connections s.s.++
FLow NozZLES
2.1 Pressure Connections .
212 Flow Nozzle Tap Location
213. Flow Nozzle Location +.
vewTuRE TUBES:
3.1 Pressure Connections «
312 Venturi Tube Location
GAS OR ATR FLOWMETER
Starting Meter» oe
Stopping Meter -
As
<1 General ..
2
3
LIQUID FLOWMETER
Sel cenersl ere
512 Filling Meter Lines.
513. Starting Meter «
5.4 Stopping Meter
STEAM FLOWMETER
6.1 Meter Lines ssssse+
Filling Meter Lines
6.2
6.3. Starting Meter
6.4 Stopping Meter
615. Density Corrections
GAS FLOW CORRECTION TABLES
7.1. Gas Flow Correction For
Teaperature .ss.+++
7.2 Gae Flow Correction For
Specific Gravity
2.3. Gas Flow Correction For
Pressure ...++
“
18
1»
1.0 ORIFICE PLATES AND FLANGES
1.1 ORLFIGE PLATES
General, The orifice plate te the ost common
and convenient type of primary device, The orifice
plate consists of an accurately tored hole in a
flat plate. The plate may be from 1/16" to about
3/8” thick depending upon pipe size. However,
thicker plates are beveled on the donerrean side
20 that plate thickness at the entering edge ts
Usually about 1/50th of pipe T.D. Always install
beveled plates with the flac side upstresn (this
side is sarked inlet on handle) snd beveled side
downstream, Orifice plates should be carefully
cleaned before installation. If plate is greasy,
wuash it with a degreasing solvent, Do not clean
orifice with emery cloth o sandpaper because this
Will round out the orifice edges and destroy the
accuracy of the plate and calibration of the
recording or indicating instrument.
Installation. In order to take full advantage
of the accuracy built into Bristol's Flowmeters,
the orifice plate should be installed in pipe Line
fat a point yhere the longest possible straight run
of pipe will exist upstream from the orifice (see
Figure 1). For this reason it is important to
select orifice location carefully. Pipe fittings,
sharp bends, valves, etc., close to orifice set up
eddy currents and disturbances that effect differ~
‘ential pressures across the orifice, sonetines
enough to cause {naccurate readings. The orifice
fs designed for a particular tap location as spect-
Hed on the order; there 48 no choice of location
after plate hes been drilled.
The orifice plate asy be inserted between any
standard pipe flanges. Generally, orifice flange
unjons are used except where venavcontracta or pipe
tape are used. The plate mst be claaped so that
the orifice 1s concentric with the pipe without
Gdstorting orifice plate of pipe. The orifice
plate is designed to clear flange bolt holes by
approxinately 1/16". It 1a desireable to have the
fend of che pipe flush with flange face, this leav~
ing no recess between end of pipe and orifice plate
except that due to gasket thickness. In no case
should the flange face extend beyond pipe end so
thet recess extends 1/4". Gaskets should have
openings ae large as outside dianeter of pipe and
should be fastened on flanges vith shellac or other
suitable adhesive, The use of white lead or soe
Other non-adhesive ts preferred between gasket and
orifice plate.F6004
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8 Ha ate
Figure 1. Location Of Primary Devices And Straightening Vanes
cal F cs K L
a0 | 6.0 [28 [so] 60] as | as 8.5 | 9.5 16.0
20 | 6.0 | 2:7 | 5.0 | eo | ais | a5. 8.5 | 9:5 Ins
30 | 6:0 | ato | 5:0 | Bo | ars | a5, ais | 9:5 | 19.5
cao | 6.0 | 3.3 | 5.0 | 60 | as | as as | 95 |
also | 6:8 | 3.6 | 5:3 | 74 | 9:2 | 9.5: 30.0 | 10.3 |
o.60 | 9:0 | 3:2 | 5.7 | 9.4 Jroe | 10.4 asia | azo 30.0
aro Jasin | as | 66 [22-0 J 2-2 | 12-0 aes }a5.0 | 38.0
ar80 | 20:0 | 4:5 | 8:0 |1s.0 | 15-5 | 1s.0 25.0 | 19.5 50.0
8 = Orifice Inside Dianeter Divided By Pipe Inoide Dianet
Table 1. Minimum Lengths Of Straight Pipe In Terms Of Pipe Dianeter For
Accurate Heasurenent With Flonmeter Using Flange Connections.
Bristol Baboock
1100 Buckingham Street
Watertomm, CT. 06795
ppg, Retest ok1.2 ORIFICE FLANGE UNIONS
Orifice flange unions are designed and furn~
ished as a convenient device for holding orifice
plates and for measuring differential pressure
across the plate, They consist of two flang
each drilled for two pressure connections located
180" apart, The dimeter of chese pressure taps
varies with flange pipe size (1/4" drill for 2.1/2
pipe and svaller, 3/8" drill for 3" and 3 1/2" pipe,
1/2" drill for 4* pipe and larger). Each pressure
tap 4s reaned and threaded (to a depth of 1 snch)
to receive 1/2" diameter acter piping (note: Taylor
Forge furnishes 900 and 1500 pound flanges with
3/4" pipe taps) «
Each union is furnished complete with stand~
ard number and dianeter of bolts or studs required
for the sane rating pipe flange. Also, each flange
ie furnished with a jackscrew to separate the
flanges to facilitate orifice installation or
removal.
Orifice flange unions are available in forged
steel or cast steel only.
1.3. STEEL uttoNs
Forged steel orifice unions are furnished in
four standard typen as follovs:
Theeaded Union, (See Figure 2.) The indt-
cated flange Union nay be back velded to insure @
pressure tight and reinforced Joint.
Figure 2. Threaded Flange Union
Slip-on Union. (See Figure 3.) Slip-on
flanges, as the nane implica, are designed to slip
over the pipe end in such a manner that the flange
face projects approxinately 3/16" beyond pipe end.
The flange mist be properly Lined up and square
F604
with the pipe axis before it 4 velded. This type
of flange requires two welds: one bead between hub
fand pipe exterior, and one bead between the interior
surface of {Lange and pipe end. The welding should
be done carefully to insure strength and a pressure
tight Joint. It say be necessary to machine the
pipe end bead to prevent interference vith the
Flange facing against the orifice pla
Figure 3. Slip-On Welding Flange Union
Welding Weck Union. (See Figure 4.) As shown
tn sketch, the welding neck flange inside dianeter
dn the same as the pipe. These unions are designed
with an elongated hub of neck which is beveled on
the end #0 an to form a groove vhen butted against
fa pipe having a similar beveled end. This groove
provides trough for weld material, Cure must be
exercised to make certain that the flange to align
fed exactly with the pipe. Also, highly skilled
welding 4# required 1f Joint ts'to be strong and
pressure tight end, at the some tine, flexible and
heat in appearance:
Figure 4, Welding Neck Flange Union
Socket Welt Uoton. (See Figure 5.)
A soci fined into the flange hub is euch a
Way that the hub will slip over the pipe end for a