The answer for Reading 2 :

Passage 1 : Passage 2 : Passage 3 :

1. D 1. A 1. D
2. C 2. B 2. A

Untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang baik, baca beberapa kali setiap penjelasan yang saya
berikan, dan kerjakan latihan yang ada. (Heryatman,MM – TOEFLINDONESIA.COM)

READING SECTION OF TOEFL ONLINE COURSE :

41. READING 3.

Read this following passage, translate it, then answer the questions :
(Anda perlu menulis terjemahan cerita ini, karena jika menulis terjemahan anda
lakukan secara teratur, akan sangat meningkatkan reading dan writing skill anda,
tanpa anda sadari.)

Passage 1:

In recent years, scientific and technological development have drastically

changed human life on our planet, as well as our views both of ourselves as
individuals in society and of the universe as a whole.

Maybe one of the most profound developments of the last decade is the
discovery of recombinant DNA technology, which allow scientists to introduce
genetic material (or genes) from one organism into another. In its simplest
form, the technology requires the isolation of a piece of DNA, either directly
from the DNA of the organism under study, or artificially synthesized from an
RNA template, by using viral enzyme called reverse transcriptase.

This piece of DNA is then ligated to a fragment of bacterial DNA which has
the capacity to replicate itself independently. The recombinant molecule thus
produced can be introduced into the common intestinal bacterium
Escherischia coli, which can be grown in very large amounts in synthetic
media. Under proper condition, the foreign gene will not only replicate in the
bacteria, but also express itself, through the process of transcription and
translation, to give rise to large amounts of the specific protein coded by the
foreign gene.
The technology has already been successfully applied to the production of
several therapeutically important biomolecules, such as insulin, interferon,
and growth hormones. Many other important applications are under detailed
investigation in the laboratories throughout the world.

1. Recombinant DNA technology consists primarily of

a. Producing several therapeutically important biomolecules.
b. Giving rise to large amounts of protein.
c. Introducing genetic material from one organism into another.
d. Using a viral enzyme called reverse transcriptase.
2. Recombinant DNA technology has been used in the production of all of
the following biomolecules except
a. Growth hormones
b. Escherishchia coli
c. Interferon
d. Insulin
3. Which of the following is not true ?
a. The foreign gene will replicate in the bacteria, but it will not
express itself through transcription and translation.
b. The bacterium Escherishchia coli can be grown in large amounts
in synthetic media.
c. Research continues in an effort to find other uses for this
technology.
d. Recombinant DNA technology is a recent development.
4. Expression of a gene in Escherishchia coli requires
a. The viral enzyme reverse transcriptase
b. The process of transcription and translation
c. Production of insulin and other biomolecules
d. That the bacteria be grown in synthetic media.
5. The term recombinant is used because
a. By ligation, a recombinant molecule is produced, which has the
capacity of replication.
b. The technique requires the combination of several types of
technology.
c. By ligation, a recombinant molecule is produced, part of whose
amino acids come from each different organism.
d. Escherishchia coli is a recombinant organism.

Passage 2 :

Of the six outer planets, Mars, commonly called the red planet, is the closest
to earth. Mars, 4200 miles in diameter and 55% of the size of earth, is
34,600,000 miles from earth, and 141,000,000 miles from the sun. It takes
this planet, along with its two moons, Phobos and Deimos, 1.88 years to
circle the sun, compared to 365 days for the earth.
For many years, Mars had been thought of as the planet with the man-made
canals, supposedly discovered by an Italian astronomer, Schiaparelli, in
1877. With the United States spacecraft Viking I’s landing on Mars in 1976,
the man-made canal theory was proven to be only a myth.

Viking I, after landing on the soil of Mars, performed many scientific

experiments, and took numerous pictures. The pictures showed that the red
color of the planet is due to the reddish, rocky Martian soil. No biological life
was found, though it has been speculated by many scientists. The Viking also
monitored many weather changes including violent dust storms. Some water
vapor, polar ice and permafrost (frost below the surface) were found,
indicating that one time there were significant quantities of water on this
distant planet. Evident collected by the spacecraft shows some present
volcanic action, though the volcanos are believed to be dormant, if not
extinct.

1. Which of the following is not true?

a. Mars has two moons
b. It takes longer for Mars to circle the Sun than it takes Earth.
c. Martian soil is rocky
d. Mars is larger than Earth
2. Man-made canals were supposedly discovered by
a. Viking I
b. Schiaparelli
c. Phobos
d. Martian
3. Mars had been nicknamed
a. Viking
b. The Red Planet
c. Deimos
d. Martian
4. The Viking I exploration accomplished all of the following except
a. Performing scientific experiments
b. Collecting information showing volcanic action
c. Monitoring weather condition
d. Discovering large quantities of polar ice and permafrost.

Best Regards,

Heryatman, MM
www.toeflindonesia.com.