Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
Academic Justification…………………………………………………………………........14
References…………………………………………………………………………………...18
Appendix…………………………………………………………………………………….21
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Lesson plan found from teacer.org (2017). Retrieved May 2, 2017, from
http://www.teacher.org/lesson-plan/analogy-creation
For year 8 (stage 4) English and Language Arts for 1 – 2 class period.
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Evaluate the lesson plan according to the following Australian Professional Standards for
Teachers. Only standards directly addressed in Designing Teaching & Learning that are
relevant to this assignment have been included. However, this does not mean the other
standards are irrelevant to lesson planning and evaluation more generally.
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Evaluate the lesson plan according to the following NSW Quality Teaching model elements.
Evaluation score – refer to NSW QTM Classroom Practice Guide for each element
Comments incl. evidence for evaluation score (2 sentences)
1 Intellectual quality
1.1 Deep knowledge
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 Comments: This lesson were entirely focused on creating analogy, however,
–5 could have provided deeper knowledge if the words students were working
related to the literature they previously worked on so as to build up on their prior
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knowledge.
1.2 Deep understanding
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 Comments: Students were given the opportunities to express their thoughts at the
–5 beginning of the class and go through repetition that shows whether students are
understanding the concept or not.
1.3 Problematic knowledge
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 Comments: At the beginning of the lesson, teacher asked students to discuss the
–5 reasons why some words are related and others are not. The lesson is scaffolded,
however, and can be easily followed.
1.4 Higher-order thinking
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 Comments: Students can potentially perform high-order thinking when it comes
–5 to explaining the relationship between certain words, but again the lesson is
heavily scaffolded.
1.5 Metalanguage
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 Comments: Analogy, connection, similarity and differences are metalanguage
–5 and used throughout the lesson. The teacher also pause the class at the beginning
to explain the relationship between the words.
1.6 Substantive communication
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 Comments: The lesson requires students to express their thoughts about
–5 connections between words at the beginning and when doing individual task they
also have to reflect their understanding on the words. However, it was mainly the
teacher explaining certain concepts.
Quality learning environment
2.1 Explicit quality criteria
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 Comments: Lesson clearly explains the process of creating analogy and the
–5 numbers of analogy students are expected to create.
2.2 Engagement
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 Comments: Lesson doe not explicitly show evidence of engagement except for
–5 the opening to the lesson where students can actively discuss their thoughts.
2.3 High expectations
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 Comments: There is no high expectation specifically set out for this lesson. The
–5 teacher should constantly remind them what is required and encourage them to
work individually or in pairs.
2.4 Social support
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 Comments: Lesson allows an option for students to work in pairs, however, in
–5 the original lesson plan, students work individually and teacher seems to simply
stand and observe the class.
2.5 Students’ self-regulation
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 Comments: there are no specific time set out for each section in the lesson plan,
–5 it seems like students can manage their time to work on analogy creations.
2.6 Student direction
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 Comments: Can only be seen at the beginning of the class when students are
–5 asked to think of two words that can be connected similarly. For the rest,
students are only allowed to work on the words that are given by the teacher.
3 Significance
3.1 Background knowledge
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 Comments: Objectives mention the goals of the overall lesson and the words
–5 chosen by the teacher are based on the grade-appropriate level, however, there is
a scope for this lesson to accommodate prior knowledge by using the literature
being read by class previously.
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Identify the two APST standards and two NSW QT model elements you are targeting for
improvement.
APST
1) 1.5 Differentiate teaching to meet the 2) 2.6 Information and communication
specific learning needs of students across the technology (ICT)
full range of abilities.
QT model
1) 2.2. Engagement 2) 2.6 Student direction
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Lesson Plan
Cross Curriculum themes & General capabilities Explicit subject specific concepts and skills
Personal and social capability – pair work ACELY1730 - Interpret the stated and implied meanings
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ICT capability – Kahoot, google doc in spoken texts, and use evidence to support or challenge
Critical and creative thinking – practical different perspectives.
component as well as the discussion part ACELY1733 - Apply increasing knowledge of vocabulary,
Literacy – increasing vocabulary text structures and language features to understand the
content of text.
Body Questions and Teacher: Teacher asks these questions to the class and for the Student
reflections volunteer to answer the questions.
The teacher asks the
7 class to work in pairs: Student: Students reflect on themselves and answer the
minutes Does anyone know questions.
what analogy is?
How/when do you use Resources: Pen and paper for the students to write their thoughts.
them?
Where can you see
analogies?
Question and Teacher: The teacher needs to put up two words on the Student
discussion whiteboard.
7 Display two words that
minutes seemingly have no Student: Engage in class discussion.
connection to each
other. Allowing students who might need paper or Internet dictionary to
Ask students the use to define the words, otherwise encourage students to critically
similarities or think the meaning of words.
differences between
the two words. Pair learning to increase engagement with tasks.
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Collaborating task Teacher: Giving instruction to students and asking them to take Student
Ask students think of out their smart devices. The teacher then provides students the
10 two other words that link for google doc. Walking around the room observing students
minutes can be connect working on the task and providing help where needed.
similarly. Throughout this step, teachers should create healthy environment
Once students respond for students so that they can freely ask questions.
with a logical pair of
words display all four Student: Students take out their smart devices.
words shown as an
analogy. Resources: Google doc link -
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1r-
_o0PsTN079egQG5E2Rg4_gOTWFNDnWYKNVTUTjYE4/edit
Collaborating task Teacher: Explains to the class that students are still using the Student
15 continuum google doc as a collaborating platform.
minutes Explain to the student
this is what they will Direct the student to pair up into two and pick words to work on.
be doing with random
words that they like to Teacher should continuously scan through the classroom as a
work on and in pairs whole and individually to see if any students are struggling and
with the same interest. provide help where applicable.
Students can choose Teacher also should also focus on providing more scaffolding for
any words from any less capable students whilst extending capable students.
subjects (e.g. history,
math, science or Continuously walk around the class to see if any help is needed.
languages) or interests
(e.g. sports, music,
food or fashion) or
category (e.g. noun, Student: Conducting pair tasks on chosen words. Allows capable
verb or adjective students to teach and guide less capable students.
based) as a starting
point and pair up with Ask questions if they do not understand anything.
students with same or
similar interests.
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Additional activity:
once students
complete this
procedure, they can
either choose to
complete analogy
work sheet during the
lesson or as
homework.
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Reflection
When modifying the original lesson plan, the numbers of changes that needed to be
addressed to the lesson plan in order to fit the Australian standards and curriculum
outcomes, I found that the American Curriculum differs from Australian counterpart.
From what I have learnt throughout this semester, I noticed that the best pedagogy is not
simply just about teaching good content, but to also make sure to ‘know the content and
how to teach it’ by differentiating instruction to diverse students with different learning
styles, providing student-teacher learning as well as engaging students.
One of the important aspects that I focused in modifying is the use of ICT which seemed
to be lacking in the original lesson plan. The original lesson plan only incorporated pen,
paper and dictionary if applicable and I found that it is very out-dated and disengaging
and it needed to be changed. The Australian Professional Standards for Teaching (APST)
outlines the importance on utilizing ICT as to implement teaching that can expand
opportunities to students for their learning. In this regards, I have made improvements to
the original lesson plan to integrate more with ICT.
Overall, this assessment was more difficult than originally I thought it would. However, it
has helped me gain an idea of what our jobs will be as a future teacher once we finish our
degree and certainly prepared me knowledge to reach out all the students. Furthermore, it
allowed me to obtain deeper understanding of the Professional Standards and the Quality
Teaching Model.
WHS
This lesson is planned to take place in a traditional classroom, as such there are not
many significant risk issues that may appear. However, in language learning, it is
important that teachers provide students with safe and healthy learning environment
as to support students’ needs and competencies. When using ICT, teachers must
instruct them with safety and only allow them to use when needed. Teachers should
also tell them not to put their bags and smart device chargers in the walkway of the
classroom to avoid any hazards.
Academic Justification
Although this original lesson plan being comprehensive, I found scope for
(AITSL, 2016) for differentiating the pedagogy for more or less capable students and
Standard 1.5 which refers to differentiate teaching to meet the specific learning
needs of students across the full range of abilities.is addressed by the addition of the
Youtube clip that was simplified explanation of the ‘analogy’ with visual and audio clues
included for students allowing the original lesson plan’s usage of dictionary to reach out
to the students who are less capable. As for capable students, the lesson allows them to
work on the analogy sheet (see the appendix). Differentiated learning involves working
with students who demonstrate differences between their learning abilities, academic
levels, styles and learning preferences, thus requiring teachers to tailor instructions to
meet these needs (Bender as cited in Gentry, Sallie & Sanders, 2013). Differentiation
does not only occur in classroom level which I have focused in this lesson but also takes
many different forms such as streamed classes and selective schools (Millis et al., 2014).
When differentiating learning, it should be noted that teachers must not vary the learner
objectives or lower expectation for some students, rather must deliver the content by
varying methods to reach out (Algozzine & Anderson, 2007). Based on this, I reflect on
modifying the original lesson plan as they do not set out different objectives and aims,
but do provide alternative choices such as pair work, collaborating with the class to assist
their learning.
Secondly, the use of ICT (standard 2.6 and 4.5) was not seen in the original lesson
plan except for the use Internet dictionary, however, this aspect has been tackled by the
addition of YouTube clip (Learning upgrade, 2016), Google doc as well as a Kahoot quiz
to measure students’ understating at the end of the class (Nazilla0702, 2017). ICT is
considered as general capabilities (Australian Curriculum, 2017; NESA, 2017) and ICT
achievement especially in English or language learning class (Floris, 2014; Ghasemi &
the content and fostering student-centered learning (Adam & Bruce, 2013). By limiting
ICT use primarily to class content use where applicable such as YouTube clip, Google
doc to collaborate students’ vocabulary knowledge and a kahoot quiz to test students’
understanding of the content, ICT is safely and effectively addressed in the modified
lesson plan. The use of ICT assists less capable students as it aids them to learn from
direction with regards to the NSW quality teaching model (Gore, 2007; Ludwig &Gore,
2003). In the original lesson plan, there is no evidence that students are engaging in the
class except in the beginning where students could actively voice their thoughts about
what analogy is. This standard was addressed by altering the individual tasks on creating
analogy from random words to pairing with the student who shares the same interest. It
has been noted that pair-work task benefits students more opportunities to speak and
engage in the content than group or whole class discussions (Achmad & Yusuf, 2014).
By altering this aspect of the lesson plan, more and more students who need extra
supports or who are less capable can feel confident to engage in their learning.
The final improvements were made to the lesson plan as to provide more students
direction. The teacher mainly led the original lesson and the words students can work on
were even prepared by teachers. This was altered by the options for students to choose
the words that they want to work with from the area or subject they are interested in and
this was changed from an individual work to a pair work in which students can find
someone with the same interests. It is believed that allowing students to make choices
within the direction of their learning has shown positive effect on their engagement and
creating enjoyable learning environment (Flowerday & Schraw, 2003). Furthermore, the
learning efficiently (Reynolds & Symons, 2001). In this regard, standard was met for
students being able to pick on topic words to work on their analogy creations.
In conclusion, the original lesson plan provides the class opportunities to undergo
repetition in order to accommodate the learning content and help retention of knowledge .
Due to the nature of original lesson plan being from America, it needed to be improved to
better fit the QT model as well as the APST standards. By modifying it, it is able to
address ICT, differentiated teaching strategies, engagement and student direction that will
Reference
Achmad, D., &Yusuf, Y. Q. (2014). Observing pair-work task in an English
speaking class. International Journal of Instruction, 7(1), 151-164. Retrieved from
http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1085253.pdf
Adam, B., & Bruce, W. (2013). ICT for ICT’s sake: secondary teachers’ views on
technology as a tool for teaching and learning. Australian Educational Computing, 28(1),
61-70. Retrieved from
https://eric.ed.gov/?q=effective+use+of+ICT+in+education&pr=on&ff1=locAustralia&id
=EJ1018788
http://www.aitsl.edu.au/australian-professional-standards-for-teachers/standards/list
Flowerday, T., & Schraw, G. (2003). Effect of choice on cognitive and affective
engagement. The Journal of Educational Research, 96(4), 207–215. doi:
10.1080/00220670309598810
Learning Upgrade. (2016, Jan). Analogies song [Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r120aIfa_6s
Ludwig, J., & Gore, J. (2003). Quality Teaching in NSW Public Schools A
classroom practice guide Retrieved from
http://www.rqt.edu.au/files/5514/1774/9895/NSW_DET_2003-
Quality_Teaching_Guide.pdf
Mills, M., Monk, S., Keddie, A., Renshaw, P., Christie, P., Geelan, D., &
Gowlett, C. (2014). Differentiated learning: from policy to classroom. Oxford Review of
Education, 40(3), 331-348. doi:10.1080/03054985.2014.911725
Reynolds, P. L., & Symons, S. (2001). Motivational variables and children’s text
search. Journal of Education Psychology, 93(1), 14-22. doi:10.1037//0022-0663.93.1.14
Appendix
This analogy worksheet was found from Teachnology. (2012). Retrieved from
http://www.teach-nology.com/worksheets/language_arts/analogies/ana12.html
Learning Portfolio
http://iwasakinana.weebly.com