Site selection resources such as soils, vegetation and water systems.

4 Create a model of the land surface (digital elevation model)

For every site there is an ideal use
or three dimensional physical models.
For every use there is an ideal site
Topographic map
Factors influencing site planning •Locations
•Natural Features
A. Natural factors: •Man-made Features
1. Geology and soil •Elevation And Relief
2. Topography •Vegetation
3. Habitat •Hydrographic,
4. Microclimate •Water Body
5. Hydrology •Roads,
•Buildings
B. Man-made factors
Slope analysis
1. Existing uses, is used to measure the suitability of the gradient of
2. Man-made the terrain for each type of development.
3. Features,
4. Legal regulations Slope is a measure of the steepness of a surface and may be
5. Historical associations. expressed in either degrees or percent of slope. In this
example, the red cells show steep areas and the green cells
C. Aesthetic factors show flat areas
1. Visual qualities and relationship Slope analysis
D. Metrological Typical questions:
1. Climate 1. Contour interval, pattern of landform
2. Natural Disasters 2. Natural drainage pattern
3. Unique features
Stage 1: Site Analysis 4. Slope analysis and percent slope.
5. Site dangers: Land slide potential, sink holes,
1 Consultation with client
2. Simple site visit Natural factors: Soil
3. This results in a drawing to provide a rough
sketch of locations and concept of plan • Soil classification (Loam, Clay, and Sand)
4. Drawing and graphics are generally abstract • Soil survey data
• Why is soil information important?
Slope and Topography
describe the shape and relief of land. Soil classifications

Topography Soil classification: general soil type based on soil texture.

is a measurement of elevation and relief of the Land. The triangle indicates the relative proportions of three
Topography particle sizes -- sand, silt and clay.
is measured with contours that connect points • Key words for soil characteristics--
representing the same elevation Soil texture, soil porosity,
Slope Soil chemistry,
is the difference in elevation from one point to soil moisture
another divided by the lateral distance between those points. Metrological Factors

• Temperature
• Micro-climate
• WIND VELOCITY
• PRECIPITATION RATE
Slope and Topography important • TEMPERATURE
• HUMIDITY
1. Reduce construction costs
2 Minimize risks from natural hazards such as flooding and
landslides,
3 Minimize the impacts of proposed developments on natural
Note Important Site Features: Stage 2: The Concept Design
•Sun orientation
•This is typically the initial design response.
• Airflow
•There are no definite rules as to what must be included in a
• Water
concept plan.
• Wildlife
•Typically, the main features of the landscape design are
• Population Density
shown - for instance the different garden areas and their
• existing uses of the site & its surroundings
relationship to neighboring areas, main features and main
• think of all the senses and record observations - sound /
trees.
sight / smell / touch / taste + spirit
•Plans are often to scale and include a basic indication of
Land use/ Developments materials. The drawings are often illustrative.

•Existing land use on-site, off-site Measurements

•the potential of change • Measure enough existing features to verify the scale of your
•color symbol of land use drawings
•facilities or site amenity • Overall length and height of building faces
• Location and width of paths
Circulation
• Location & size (trunk, canopy and height) of trees & shrubs
•Linkage and movement pattern
Stage 3:Preliminary Drawings
• Connection to activity centers
• Sometimes Preliminary Designs are produced if a Concept
•Circulation
needs further resolution but the client does not want to
•Accessibility
progress to detailed designs or full tender or construction
•Potential of change
documents.
Law and regulation
• For the preliminary phase, the main goal is to map out how
•Density : F.A.R the complex components will perform the functions in a
•Zoning district given site, and their defined interfaces within the general
•Set back, building and other regulation environment.

Law and regulation • A presentation is made to the client and the client assess
how well the plan suits their needs and if any changes need
Floor area ratio(FAR)= building area to be made.
FAR is one of the density control device,
FAR is a term the zoning ordinance will use to quantify and Stage 4: Detailed Designs /Tender Issue Plans
limit the amount of square footage of building area as a
• The Tender Issue Plans are used to obtain quotes from
function of the building site.
contractors.
Laws, codes & regulation
• These drawings must communicate the fully resolved
Zoning setback and height limits-- these minimums design to the contractors, and include all details the
and maximums provide the basis for the maximum building contractor will need to provide an accurate quote.
envelope on the site.
• The drawings must give the contractor enough information
Visual quality to determine the scope of works to be done, all the required
components, and the ability to estimate labour requirements.
•Landscape special character
•Spatial pattern of the site What is Landscape?
•Visual quality and character • “A portion of the earth’s surface that can be comprehended
•Visual disturbance at a glance.”

• Landscape may also be defined as natural scenery seen

from a single view point

• ‘Landscape is an attractive, important, and ambiguous term

[that] encompasses an ensemble of ordinary features which
constitute an extraordinarily rich exhibit of the course and
character of any society’ and that ‘Landscape is defined by
our vision and interpreted by our minds.