Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Agricultural Residues
Animal Manure
Woody Biomass
Bio-solids and Industrial Effluents
Municipal Solid Wastes / Sewage
Algae
Woody Biomass
Forest and harvesting residues
Municipal wood waste
Wood processing residue
Horticultural residue
Short-rotation forestry
Agricultural Residues
Household waste
Institutional waste
Garbage
Street sweeping
Sewage sludge
Food residuals from hotels, restaurants etc.
Bio-solids and Industrial Effluents
Agro-industrial wastes
Food processing wastes
Slaughterhouse wastes
Tannery effluent
Sugar mill effluent
Distillery effluent
Algal Biomass
Marine algae
Seaweed
A Glance at Biomass Conversion Technologies
Fermentation Ethanol
Biochemical
Processes
Anaerobic Digestion Biogas
Major Energy Pathways
Thermochemical Pathway
o Combustion
o Gasification
o Pyrolysis
Biochemical Pathway
o Anaerobic digestion
o Fermentation
Major Biomass Conversion Pathways
Thermal Biological
Pretreatment AD
H2
Comparison of Heating Value of Important Biomass
and Conventional Energy Resources
Dry Wood 18
Coconut Fiber 17
Charcoal 24
Coal 27
Diesel 46
LPG 45
Residues Generation Potential of Agricultural Crops
Rice Straw, husk, bran 1.5t of straw and 0.2t of husk from 1t of rice
Palm oil Shell, fibre, fruit bunches 75%; waste from weight of fruit bunch
Pictorial Representation of Agricultural Residues-based
Biomass Energy System
Sources and Types of Municipal Solid Wastes
Residential Single and multi-family dwellings Food wastes, paper, cardboard, plastics,
textiles, glass, metals, ashes, special wastes
(bulky items, consumer electronics, batteries,
oil, tires) and household hazardous wastes
Commercial Stores, hotels, restaurants, Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, food wastes,
markets, office buildings glass, metals, special wastes, hazardous
wastes
Institutional Schools, government center, Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, food wastes,
hospitals, prisons glass, metals, special wastes, hazardous
wastes
Municipal Street cleaning, landscaping, Street sweepings, landscape and tree
parks, beaches, recreational trimmings, general wastes from parks,
areas beaches, and other recreational areas
A Glance at Woody Biomass Resources
Wood-residues from Forestry-based Industries
Logging Solid 40
Saw-milling Solid 38
Saw-milling Sawdust 12
Plywood Solid 45
Plywood Dust 5
Bio-Oil
Pyrolysis Charcoal
Animal manure
Agricultural residues
Biogas
Anaerobic Digestion Industrial effluents
Bio-fertilizer
OFMSW
Biochemical Algae
Sugar or starch crops
Wood waste
Bio-ethanol Production Pulp sludge
Ethanol
Straw
Ash
Air Syngas Electricity
(O2, N2)
Cleaning
Gas
Engine
Types of Gasifiers
(Design Basis: Fuel Properties, End-use, Scale and Cost)
Updraft
Downdraft
Fluidized Bed
o Bubbling
o Circulating Flow
Entrained Flow
Staged (pyrolysis / steam reforming)
Biomass Gasification Plant
Biomass Gasifier at Vermont (USA)
Liquids
Pyrolysis Condensation
(5500C, no air)
Vapors Power
Generation
Heat
Combustion
Char
Gases
(H2, CO, CH4, C2H2, C2H4)
Feedstock and Products in Biomass Pyrolysis
Enzyme Ethanol
Biomass
Production
Handling
Ethanol
Biomass Cellulose Glucose
Recovery
Pretreatment Hydrolysis Fermentation
Pentose Lignin
Fermentation Utilization
Production of Ethanol from Cellulosic Biomass
A Lignocellulose Biomass-based Biorefinery in Sweden
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