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Truss structure is used as one of better structure type for long span structure
with the recommended connection type is using high-quality bolt especially if
the structure is assembled on site, and could be using welded connection if the
structure is assembled in the workshop with controlled environtment. Then from
the material take-off its known that the total weight of the structure is
approximately 12 metric tons, so it will cost around USD 25000 to build this
facility.
Petrosea
About the company
Petrosea also serves oil and gas industry services in Indonesia with our
Petrosea Offshore Supply Base (POSB) in Tanjung Batu, South Kalimantan,
and Sorong, West Papua which consistently giving international-level
standard and cost effective services for all of our clients. Petrosea already
registered in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) with the name PTRO since
1990, and became one of the first open company in engineering and
constructions industry in Indonesia to do so. Largest shares of Petrosea is
owned by PT Indika Energy Tbk, which one of the Indonesian energy
company that serves integrated energy solution with its investment in energy
resources, services, and infrastructure.
Petrosea has 3 main business line, engineering and construction services, oil
and gas services, and mining services. Trough its engineering and
construction services, Petrosea serves engineering, procurement,
construction, and operational, including assessment study, mining
infrastructure, mineral process system, bulk material system, engineering
design, procurement and logistics, project management and construction,
fabrication, installation and services.
Our oil and gas services, widely known as Petrosea Logistics & Support
Services (PLSS) serves logistic base management services, Pusat Logistik
berikat (PLB), logistic services, and goods delivery sevices.
With more than 45 years of experiences, Petrosea has deep knowledge
about industrial mining evolution in Indonesia, applies new technology, has
professional and strong technical knowledge that enriches the next
generation, also capable of fulfill and exceed all the clients needs. Petrosea
has different mining sevices contract from our competitor, by having
integrated mining solution which suitable for any of our project needs,
completed with comprehensive engineering and construction services.
Petrosea also serves pit-to-port mining services, which include open mining
services contract, civil construction and infrastructure such as roads, tailing
dam, site facility, technical services and planning and optimization of mines.
Email info@petrosea.com
Website http://www.petrosea.com
Tabang Project
One of the sport facility that would be built soon is the new indoor futsal field
facility. This futsal facility will have 20 metres span length with 30 metres long,
5 metres eaves height, with a column every 6 metres with 15 degrees of roof.
This design and analysis result would be used as comparation to the design
provided by vendor. For structure with long span like this using truss structure
is one of the better option as the weight of the structure itself is relatively light
and the amount of loads that it could take. Therefore we would use a truss
structure for the roof frame and then modelled and analysed using STAAD
Pro structural analysis software according to SNI 1729:2015 or AISC 360-10
standard with LRFD method.
For the loads we would use loads according to SNI 1727:2013 and ASCE 7-
02 which is:
Self-weight Dead Load
Unit weight of Steel = 7850 kg/m3; calculated by STAAD.Pro.
Superimposed Dead Load
Purlin & roof sheeting = 20 kg/m2
M/E = 10 kg/m2
Roof Live Load = 0.576 kN/m2
Using calculation from ASCE 7-02; calculation attached in Appendix 3
Wind Load = 76.75 N/m2 for windward & leeward roof
Using calculation from ASCE 7-02; calculation attached in Appendix 2.
Rain Load = 20 kg/m2
In this case we're not including the earthquake loads with the consideration of
location where earthquake is rarely happen. The structure then will be
checked against ultimate loads combination and service loads combination
based on SNI 1727:2013 in Table 1 to check if the structure meet the required
strength and serviceability criteria.
Table 1
Formula Remarks
1.4DL+1.4SDL Ultimate
1.2DL+1.2SDL+1.6RLL+0.5R Ultimate
1.2DL+1.2SDL+1.6RLL Ultimate
1.2DL+1.2SDL+1.0RLL+1.6W+0.5R Ultimate
1.2DL+1.2SDL+1.0RLL+1.6W Ultimate
0.9DL+0.9SDL+1.6W Ultimate
1.0DL+1.0SDL+1.0RLL Service
1.0DL+1.0SDL+1.0RLL+1R Service
1.0DL+1.0SDL+1.0RLL+1R+1W Service
The support it self would be pinned support so the detail of connection from
the steel column to concrete pedestal would be simpler because it does not
need to carry moment loads.
After an analysis was done using STAAD Pro with both ultimate and service
loads combination we could see that all the member passed the strength check,
therefore they have less than 1 of PMM ratio. This means that the structure is
capable to take the design loads.
Maximum deflection
From the analysis result we could also see that by using a truss system, the
most dominant force would be an axial tension and compression force, and the
moment force would only happen in the end connection to column. So by this
condition we could maximize the use of tension and compression strength
capacity of steel members by using light sections such as double angle
sections. This makes the total weight of the structure would be much lighter.
Then the support reaction from each column would be used as design load to
design the needed foundation size.
Reaction results
From the material take-off, we knew that the total weight of the structure is
approximately 12 metric tons. So with estimation price of steel per kgs = USD
2.2 then it would cost around USD 25000 or 350 million rupiahs to build this
futsal facility.
Experiences
Even though my apprenticeship time in site Tabang was very limited, but I
think I already got many experiences and knowledge, both technical or non-
technical knowledge. Here I’ve learned and saw the process of construction
work that directly related with materials and manpower, with all of its problem
and how the staff here deal with that to make sure that the project were in line
with the scheduled plan.
Other than that, the important thing that I've learned is the project
management process from plan and design, estimation, procurement,
manpower management, and construction process from start to finish.
Coordination between all teams element is vital here, including the availability
of materials especially for very important activity such as concrete work that
needs lot of materials available on site, which needs special attention. This is
very important because lot of materials need to be delivered from outside the
project location, which takes time to arrive on the project site. So if possible
the needed materials have to be listed and ordered early to avoid long waiting
time which could delay the construction work it self.
One thing that interest me is the safety standard here, with the motto Target
Zero, Petrosea with its HSE team worked really hard to make sure all of the
employees obey the standard safety procedure. APD (Alat Pelindung Diri) is
a must for everyone on the project, and Petrosea does not hesitate to punish
everyone who does not follow the standard safety procedure, this makes
everyone became self-aware about the discipline and care about the standard
safety procedure everytime they began working.
From lot of things that I've got from my limited time here, I've got a lot of new
knowledge and experience from technical engineering point-of-view, also
from my personal life point-of-view after I met and talked and have a tea time
together with lot of people here, who have treated me like a good friend
eventhough I've only been here for a couple of weeks.
At last, I want to say thank you to Petrosea who gave me this opportunity with
all the provided facilities, also thank you to all my friends, colleague, my R1
roommates, and of course my mentor in Head Office and site Tabang,
especially to Bapak Tunggul, Bapak Adji, Bapak Taufik, Ibu Tina, Ibu Elsa,
Bapak Wahju, Bapak Sahrial, Bapak Supriyadi, Bapak Zuhirman, Bapak
Saeful, Bapak Didik, Bapak Deni, Bapak Bayu, Mbak Eka, and my friends in
site project Pak Yadi, Pak Wawan, Pak Didik, Pak Gaspar, Pak Sholeh, Pak
Edward, Pak Teguh, Pak Sardi, and all the other person that I couldn't
possibly mentioned one by one. Thank you for all the knowledge and
experience that you all shared with me. Thank you.
Appendix
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
Lr = 0.96 * R1 * R2