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Daftar Isi
Kata Pengantar........................................................................................................ i
Daftar Isi ....................................................................................................................... ii
CHAPTER I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................ 1
1.1. Latar Belakang......................................................................................................... 1
1.2. indentifikasi Masalah ............................................................................................... 2
1.3. Tujuan Penulisan....................................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER II PEMBAHASAN ..................................................................................... 3
2.1. Simple Present Tense ............................................................................................... 3
Present Continuous Tense .............................................................................................. 4
2.3. Present Perfect Tense .............................................................................................. 5
2.4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense .......................................................................... 6
2.5. Simple Past Tense ................................................................................................... 7
2.6. Past Continuous Tense ........................................................................................... 8
2.7. Past Perfect Tense .................................................................................................. 9
2.8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense .............................................................................. 10
2.9. Simple Future Tense .............................................................................................. 11
2.10. Future Continuous Tense ..................................................................................... 12
2.11. Future Perfect Tense ............................................................................................ 13
2.12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense ......................................................................... 14
2.13. Past Future Tense ................................................................................................. 15
2.14. Past Future Continuous Tense ............................................................................ 16
2.15. Past Future Perfect Tense .................................................................................... 17
2.16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense ............................................................... 18
CHAPTER III PENUTUP ........................................................................................ 19
3.1. Kesimpulan ........................................................................................................... 20
3.2. Saran ..................................................................................................................... 21
Daftar Pustaka ............................................................................................................. 22
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
Tenses in English means the time ( time ) . The word means the verb tenses or set of
words used to express the relationship of time . In grammar , tenses are the
categories that puts the situation in time , to indicate when the situation takes place .
Indonesian basic word order similar to English . Generally , a sentence begins with
the subject , followed by a verb ( also called predicates ) , and then the object .
Indicate the past tense or future only need to enter the words that shows the time , in
a very organized system .
I Am I
You You
We We
He He
It It
2
Formulas and example sentences Simple Present Tense
Expressing Simple Present Tense sentence that uses the verb ( VERB )
Expressing Simple Present Tense sentence that does not use the verb ( NON
VERB )
Contoh :
1. (+) : She is a teacher
(-) : She is not a teacher
( : are She a teacher ?
2. (+): He reads the newspaper everyday
(-) :He doesn’t read the newspaper everyday
( : Does He read the newspaper everyday ?
3. (+): After Sunday is Monday
(-) : After Sunday isn’t Monday
( : Is Monday the day after Sunday ?
3
Only in positive sentences , for the subject " He , She , It " , the use of the verb (
VERB ) must end with " s / es . " The addition of " s / es " at the base verb
( inifinitive ) are as follows :
In general, the verb is directly coupled with the suffix " s" , for example :
Work - Works
Write - Writes
verb that ends in the letters " ch , o , s , sh , x " plus the suffix " -es " , for example :
Teach - Teaches
Go - Goes
verb that ends with the letter " y " and begins with a consonant , the suffix " y "
was changed to " i" and then added " -es " , for example :
Study - Studies
Cry - Cries
verb ending with the letter " y " that begins with a vowel , simply coupled with
the suffix " s" only, for example :
Buy - Buys
Play - Plays
If the verb begins with the letter auxiliary verb (Modal Auxiliaries ) , then do not get
the extra " s / es " , for example :
He Will work
Can she open
4
2.2 . Present Continuous Tense
Present Continuous Tense Present Progressive Tense is also called is a form used to
express an action , state or event that is happening at the time discussed .
On the use of the Present Continuous Tense verb used must end with ing / ( Verb +
ing ) .
Present Continuous Tense form of time using this type of " TO BE 1 " .
Example:
1. (+) : We are studying English now
(-): We aren’t studying English now
( : Are We studying English now ?
2. (+) : They are going to Bandung two weeks again
( : Are hey going to Bandung two weeks again ?
(-) : They are not going to Bandung two weeks again
3. (+) : She is cooking in the kitchen
(-) : She is not cooking in the kitchen
( : Is She cooking in the kitchen
5
There is a group of words yan should not be formed into the Present Continuous
, namely :
verb to express feelings , such as :
Like , want
If the infinitive ends with the letter l which preceded a vowel , then the
new duplicated plus l ing , such as :
Control - Controlling
If the infinitive ends in the vowel e is preceded vowels i , ie it is converted first into
a new y plus ing , such as :
Die - Dying
6
2.3. Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Tense is the tense used to express an action , state or event that
occurred in the past . And at the time of speaking activities / actions have been
completed.
Present Perfect Tense using
"TO BE 3" and "VERB 3"
TO BE 3 adalah: been.
You
I
You They Have
They We
We He
He Been She Has
She
It
It
TO BE 3 (been) digunakan ketika suatu kalimat tidak ada unsur kata kerja (NON VERB).
Untuk semua jenis kalimat, baik positif, negatif, atau kalimat tanya pada Present Perfect Tense
menggunakan VERB 3.
Mengekspresikan kalimat Present Perfect Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata
kerja (Non VERB)
+ Subject + Have/Has + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object
- Subject + (Have/Has + NOT) + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object
? Have/Has + Subject + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object?
8
Exsemple:
1. (+): Ringgo Has lived here for ten years
(-) : Ringgo Has not lived here for ten years
( ?) : Has Ringgo lived here for ten years ?
2. (+): She has been here since yesterday
( -) : She has not been here since yesterday
(? ) : Has She been here since yesterday ?
3. (+) : They have heard the problem before
(- ) : They have not heard the problem before
( : Have they heard the problem before ?
2.To declare an activity that has been completed at a particular time in the past the
not , but the time of the incident were not overlooked . The most important thing
is the result of his actions now .
3.Declare an activity that has occurred but the events of the time is not yet finished .
5. Declare an activity that has occurred in the past and is still happening in the
present and future .
8
2.4 . Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense or Present Perfect Progressive Tense is the tense used
to express an event or action that began in the past and continues to this day or an event
or action that begins in the past and has just finished at the time of speaking.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense use this type of " TO BE 3 " ( been ) .
I You
You They
They Have We
We
He been
He
She
She Has
It
It
9
For all types of sentences, whether positive, negative, or interrogative sentence in the Present
Perfect Continuous Tense use TO BE 3 (been) followed by VERB + ING.
Contoh :
1. (+):He has been swimming in pool for this day
(-): He has not been swimming in pool for this day
(?): Has He been swimming in pool for this day ?
2. (+): They have been waiting for their mentor since seven o’clock
(-): They have not been waiting for their mentor since seven o’clock
(?): Have They been waiting for their mentor since seven o’clock ?
11
2.5. Simple Past Tense
Simple Past Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau
kegiatan yang terjadi dimasa lampau dan waktu terjadinya persitiwa itu telah diketahui.
Simple Past Tense menggunakan jenis "TO BE 2" and "VERB 2"
I I
He You
Was
She They
It We Did / Didn't
You He
We Were She
They It
Expressing Simple Past Tense sentence that does not use the verb (Non VERB)
Contoh :
Contoh :
1. (+): Berid was walking down the street when it began to rain.
(-): Berid was not walking the street when it began to rain
( : Was Berid walking the street when it began to rain ?
2. (+): It was raining when Diana went to the market last night
(-): It was not raining when Diana went to the market last night.
(?): Was it raining when Diana went to the market last night ?
3. (+): Amel was sleeping all day yesterday when Ardy called him
(-): Amel was not sleeping all day yesterday when Ardy called him
(?): Was Amel sleeping all day yesterday when Ardhy called him ?
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2.7. Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense is the tense used to indicate actions or events that began or occurred in
the past and continue to take place finishes in the past or the next.
Past Perfect Tense also serves as a substitute for the Simple Past Tense when used to refer to
or indicate past events or actions that occur within a specified period.
I I
You You
They They
We We Had
He Been
He
She She
It It
Mengekspresikan kalimat Present Perfect Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja (Non
VERB)
+ Subject + Had + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object
- Subject + (Had + NOT) + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object
? Had + Subject + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object?
15
Contoh :
1. (+): His Wife had already eaten by the time I got home
(-): His wife had not already eaten by the time I got home
(?): Had his wife already eaten by the time i got home ?
16
2.8.Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense, or Past Perfect Progressive Tense is the tense used to express an
event or action that has been going on for some time when there are events or other actions in the
past. Events which occurred or took place first expressed in the form of the Past Perfect Continuous
Tense, whereas subsequent events that occurred (event) expressed in the form of the Simple Past
Tense.
I I
Had
They They
We We
He He
She
She
It
It
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2.9 Simple Future Tense
This tense is used to explain or describe an incident or event at a time when that will come.
There are two words that are required to help us use the simple future tense: 1 'will' and 2 'shall'
This type of sentence was divided into two, of which:
SENTENCE VERBAL
a. No plans or Declare Previous actions / events that will be conducted in the future (at that time).
example:
-Hold On. I'll get a pen.
(wait a minute, I'll take a pen)
-wait. I'll bring an umbrella.
(wait, I will bring an umbrella)
b. Prediction (estimate).
example:
-It will rain tomorrow. I'll be stay at home.
(tomorrow will rain. I'll stay at home)
-I Will go to school tomorrow.
(I'll go to school tomorrow)
NON-VERBAL SENTENCE
When the predicate of a sentence is not a verb, then use the 'be' verb to replace it.
example:
• I'll be in London tomorrow.
(I'll be in London
tomorrow) Note:
When we have a plan or desire to perform an activity in the future, then use be going to or
Present Continuous Tense to replace will / shall.
Example sentence:
I am going to go to Paris next week.
You are going to marry her next Friday.
She will see my mother at hospital tomorrow.
Simple Future Tense always uses the first verb (verb 1) for each sentence, and has a certain time
signal, such as:
-tomorrow
-next ...... .. (days, weeks, months, years) etc.
-soon (as soon as possible)
-on ...... .. (Monday, Tuesday) etc.
18
2:10 Future Continuous Tense
The formula:
subject + WILL + BE + Verb + ing
When do we use the Future Continuous Tense?
This tense describes an action that will occur at a specific time in the future.
example:
He will be teaching me at eight tomorrow
(he would teach me was at eight o'clock tomorrow)
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2:14 Future Past Continuous Tense
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CHAPTER III
CLOSING
3.1 Conclusion
Tense general formula is as follows:
No tenses formula
3.2 Advice
The material on English grammatical papers still need to be completed, there are still many
shortcomings in it due to the limitations that are owned by the authors. To the subject
teachers concerned and all those who read this paper, in order to provide input so that this
paper can be more useful and easy to understand.
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Daftar pustaka
1. http://wongzo.blogspot.com/2012/10/16-tenses-bahasa-inggris-beserta-rumus.html .
2. http://arjaenim.blogspot.com/2012/11/makalah-bhs-inggris-past-perfect-tense.html .
3. http://blogbintang.com/contoh-kesimpulan-dan-saran-makalah .
4. http://blogkita666.blogspot.com/search?q=english+day.
5. Santi, Inez. 2009. ENGLISH FOR TEEN 2. Yogyakarta: C.V ANDI OFFSET.