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NOTE: The user's attention is called to the possibility that compliance with this standard may
require use of an invention covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position
is taken with respect to the validity of this claim or of any patent rights in connection therewith.
One or more patent holders have, however, filed a statement regarding the terms on which such
patent holder(s) may be willing to grant a license under these rights to individuals or entities
desiring to obtain such a license. Details may be obtained from the ATSC Secretary and the
patent holder.
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MPEG-2 Video System Characteristics, Table of Contents 7 August 2009
Table of Contents
1. SCOPE 5
2. REFERENCES 5
2.1 Normative References 5
2.2 Informative References 6
3. COMPLIANCE NOTATION 6
3.1 Treatment of Syntactic Elements 6
3.2 Symbols, Abbreviations, and Mathematical Operators 6
4. SYSTEM OVERVIEW (INFORMATIVE) 7
5. POSSIBLE VIDEO INPUTS 8
6. SOURCE CODING SPECIFICATION 8
6.1 Constraints with Respect to ISO/IEC 13818-2 Main Profile 9
6.1.1 Sequence Header Constraints 9
6.1.2 Compression Format Constraints 9
6.1.3 Sequence Extension Constraints 10
6.1.4 Sequence Display Extension Constraints 10
6.1.5 Picture Header Constraints 10
6.1.6 Picture Coding Constraints 11
6.2 Bit Stream Specifications Beyond MPEG-2 11
6.2.1 Picture Extension and User Data Syntax 11
6.2.2 Picture User Data Syntax 11
6.2.3 ATSC Picture User Data Semantics 12
6.2.3.1 Captioning Data 13
6.2.3.2 Bar Data 13
6.2.3.2.1 Recommended Receiver Response to Bar Data 15
6.2.4 Active Format Description Data 15
6.2.4.1 AFD Syntax 15
6.2.4.2 AFD Semantics 16
6.2.4.3 Recommended Receiver Response to AFD 17
6.2.5 Relationship Between Bar Data and AFD (Informative) 17
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Advanced Television Systems Committee Document A/53 Part 4:2009
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ATSC Digital Television Standard:
Part 4 – MPEG-2 Video System Characteristics
1. SCOPE
This Part describes the characteristics of the video subsystem of the Digital Television Standard.
The input formats and bit stream characteristics are described in separate sections.
2. REFERENCES
At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision,
and parties to agreement based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of
applying the most recent editions of the documents listed below.
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Advanced Television Systems Committee Document A/53 Part 4:2009
[10] ETSI: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Implementation Guidelines for the use of
MPEG-2 Systems, Video and Audio in Satellite, Cable and Terrestrial Broadcasting
Applications,” Doc. ETSI TS 101 154 V1.7.1, Annex B, June 2005.
3. COMPLIANCE NOTATION
As used in this document, “shall” denotes a mandatory provision of the standard. “Should”
denotes a provision that is recommended but not mandatory. “May” denotes a feature whose
presence does not preclude compliance, that may or may not be present at the option of the
implementor.
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MPEG-2 Video System Characteristics 7 August 2009
Video
Video Source Coding
and Compression
Channel
Transport
Audio Subsystem Coding
Audio
Service Multiplex
Audio Source Coding
and Compression
Modulation
Ancillary Data
Control Data
Receiver Characteristics
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Advanced Television Systems Committee Document A/53 Part 4:2009
Video In
Video fTP FEC and fsym RF Out
A/D Transport VSB
Encoder Encoder Sync
Modulator
Insertion
Audio In
Audio
A/D Encoder
na
f a = ------ 27 MHz
ma
and
nv
f v = ------ 27 MHz
mv
The compression formats may be derived from one or more appropriate video input formats. It
may be anticipated that additional video production standards will be developed in the future that
extend the number of possible input formats.
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MPEG-2 Video System Characteristics 7 August 2009
Main Profile at High Level.1 Additionally, all bit streams shall meet the constraints and
specifications described in Sections 6.1 and 6.2.
The allowable values for the field bit_rate_value are application-dependent. In the primary
application of terrestrial broadcast, this field shall correspond to a bit rate which is less than or
equal to 19.4 Mbps. In the high data rate mode, the corresponding bit rate is less than or equal to
38.8 Mbps.
1. See ISO/IEC 13818-2 [3] Section 8 for more information regarding profiles and levels.
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Advanced Television Systems Committee Document A/53 Part 4:2009
Note: The profile_and_level_indication field shall indicate the lowest profile and level
defined in ISO/IEC 13818-2 [3] Section 8 that is consistent with the parameters of
the video elementary stream.
Note: Some previously-encoded legacy material may not have the colorimetry (i.e.,
color_primaries, transfer_characteristics, and matrix_coefficients) explicitly indicated in the
sequence_display_extension, in which case the colorimetry is most likely ITU-R
BT.709 [13] for all formats except those formats with vertical_size_value = 480,
which are most likely to have colorimetry according to SMPTE 170M [5].
vbv_delay 45000
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MPEG-2 Video System Characteristics 7 August 2009
Note: In accordance with the bit stream syntax in Table 6.5, more than one picture
user data construct may follow any given picture header.
No more than one user_data() structure using the same user_data_type_code (see Table 6.8 and
Table 6.9) shall be present following any given picture header.
2. Implementers should note that CEA-708 [1] describes the semantics for closed captions.
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Advanced Television Systems Committee Document A/53 Part 4:2009
Receiving devices are expected to silently discard any unrecognized video user data
encountered in the video bit stream. For example, if an unrecognized user_data_identifier is seen
following the user_data_start_code, the user data should be discarded until another start code prefix is
seen.
user_data_type_code – This is an 8-bit value that identifies the type of ATSC user data to follow in
the user_data_type_structure() and shall be set according to Table 6.9.
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MPEG-2 Video System Characteristics 7 August 2009
3. In other words, the video is letterboxed (bars above and/or below video) or pillarboxed (bars left and/or right of
video).
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Advanced Television Systems Committee Document A/53 Part 4:2009
Note: The range of line numbers and pixels within the coded frame for each image
format is specified in Table 2 of SMPTE 2016-1 [17].
top_bar_flag – This flag shall indicate, when set to ‘1’, that the top bar data is present. If left_bar_flag
is ‘1’, this flag shall be set to ‘0’.
bottom_bar_flag – This flag shall indicate, when set to ‘1’, that the bottom bar data is present. This
flag shall have the same value as top_bar_flag.
left_bar_flag – This flag shall indicate, when set to ‘1’, that the left bar data is present. If top_bar_flag
is ‘1’, this flag shall be set to ‘0’.
– This flag shall indicate, when set to ‘1’, that the right bar data is present. This flag
right_bar_flag
shall have the same value as left_bar_flag.
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MPEG-2 Video System Characteristics 7 August 2009
Note: The AFD syntax as shown in Section 6.2.4.1, when combined with the
structures above to form the entire user data structure, is identical to that specified
in ETSI TS 101 154 V1.7.1 [10], and is reprinted here with permission. Semantics
are documented in Section 6.2.4.2; some are intentionally different from those in
ETSI 101 154.
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Advanced Television Systems Committee Document A/53 Part 4:2009
display_horizontal_size vertical_size
DAR --------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------
display_vertical_size horizontal_size
The combination of source aspect ratio and active_format allows the decoder to identify whether
the “area of interest” is the whole of the frame (e.g., source aspect ratio 16:9, active_format 16:9
center), a letterbox within the frame (e.g., source aspect ratio 4:3, active_format 16:9 center), or a
“pillarbox” within the frame (e.g. source aspect ratio 16:9, active_format 4:3 center).
Table 6.14 defines the coding of the active_format field that shall be used.
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MPEG-2 Video System Characteristics 7 August 2009
AFD ‘0000’ indicates that information is not available and is undefined. Unless bar data is
available, DTV receivers and video equipment should interpret the active image area as being the
same as that of the coded frame.
AFD ‘0000’, when accompanied by bar data, signals that the image’s aspect ratio is narrower
than 16:9, but is not either 4:3 or 14:9. The bar data should be used to determine the extent of the
image.
AFD ‘0100’, which should be accompanied by bar data, signals that the image’s aspect ratio is
wider than 16:9, as is typically the case with widescreen features. The bar data should be used to
determine the height of the image.
Use of either ‘0010’ or ‘0011’ is not recommended in the ATSC television system. Values
‘0001’, ‘0101’ through ‘0111’, and ‘1100’ are reserved.
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