SOLOMON,Christian Benedict C.

BSEE 4-1

Dynamics is a branch of applied mathematics (specifically classical mechanics) concerned with the study
of forces and torques and their effect on motion, as opposed to kinematics, which studies the motion of
objects without reference to its causes

A particle is a minute fragment or quantity of matter. In the physical sciences, a particle is a small
localized object to which can be ascribed several physical or chemical properties such as volume or mass

Kinematics is the branch of classical mechanics which describes the motion of points (alternatively
"particles"), bodies (objects), and systems of bodies without consideration of the masses of those
objects nor the forces that may have caused the motion. Kinematics as a field of study is often referred
to as the "geometry of motion" and as such may be seen as a branch of mathematics.

Kinetics (from the Greek word "kinesis" which means movement or to move) may refer to: In science
and medicine. Kinetics (physics), the study of motion and its causes. Rigid body kinetics, the study of the
motion of rigid bodies.

Mass is a property of a physical body. It is a measure of an object's resistance to acceleration (a change

in its state of motion) when a force is applied.It also determines the strength of its mutual gravitational
attraction to other bodies. In the theory of relativity a related concept is the mass–energy content of a
system. The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg).

Velocity is a physical vector quantity; both magnitude and direction are needed to define it. The scalar
absolute value (magnitude) of velocity is called "speed", being a coherent derived unit whose quantity is
measured in the SI (metric) system as metres per second (m/s) or as the SI base unit of (m⋅s−1).

Acceleration, in physics, is the rate of change of velocity of an object with respect to time. An object's
acceleration is the net result of any and all forces acting on the object, as described by Newton's Second
Law. The SI unit for acceleration is metre per second squared (m s−2). Accelerations are vector
quantities (they have magnitude and direction) and add according to the parallelogram law. As a vector,
the calculated net force is equal to the product of the object's mass (a scalar quantity) and its
acceleration.

A displacement is a vector that is the shortest distance from the initial to the final position of a point P.
It quantifies both the distance and direction of an imaginary motion along a straight line from the initial
position to the final position of the point. A displacement may be also described as a 'relative position':
the final position of a point (Rf) relative to its initial position (Ri), and a displacement vector can be
mathematically defined as the difference between the final and initial position vectors:
Newton’s Law of Motion

 Newton’s 1st Law of Motion(LAW OF INERTIA)

 An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same
speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

 Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion(LAW OF ACCELERATION)

 The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the
magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely
proportional to the mass of the object. F= ma

 Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion(LAW OF INTERACTION)

 For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Effective force

Inertia force is an imaginary force supposed to act upon an accelerated body, equal in magnitude and
opposite in direction to the resultant of the real forces.

Resultant force is the single force and associated torque obtained by combining a system of forces and
torques acting on a rigid body. The defining feature of a resultant force, or resultant force-torque, is that
it has the same effect on the rigid body as the original system of forces.

A dynamic equilibrium exists once a reversible reaction ceases to change its ratio of reactants/products,
but substances move between the chemicals at an equal rate, meaning there is no net change. It is a
particular example of a system in a steady state. In thermodynamics a closed system is in
thermodynamic equilibrium when reactions occur at such rates that the composition of the mixture
does not change with time. Reactions do in fact occur, sometimes vigorously, but to such an extent that
changes in composition cannot be observed. Equilibrium constants can be expressed in terms of the rate
constants for elementary reactions.

Reverse effective force

The Allenverg Principle

Rectilinear motion of a point is defined as the motion of that point along a straight line. All points of a
body in rectilinear translation move in parallel straight lines.

𝑣 = 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑎𝑡

𝑣𝑜 + 𝑣
𝑠=( )𝑡
2
1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
 𝑣 2 = 𝑣𝑜2 + 2𝑎𝑠

Curvilinear Motion(Projectile Motion) The motion of an object moving in a curved path is called
curvilinear motion.Curvilinear motion describes the motion of a moving particle that conforms to a
known or fixed curve. The study of such motion involves the use of two such co-ordinate systems with
the first being planar motion and the latter being cylindrical motion.