Exp 1 Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation

Objectives:
1. To generate the amplitude modulated signal (AM wave) by using given message
signal and carrier signals in MATLAB software.
2. To demodulate the AM wave.

THEORY:
Conventional AM
Let c = 2πfc be the carrier frequency in radians per second where fc >> W . Then the amplitude
modulated signal s(t) can be expressed as

s(t) = Ac [1 + µm(t)]cos(2πfc t) (1)

s(t) = Ac cos(2πfc t) + Ac µm(t)cos(2πfc t) (2)

where W is bandwidth and µ is the modulation index defined in -1 < µ < 1
DSB-AM
In DSB-AM, the amplitude of the modulated signal is proportional to the message signal. The
modulated signal s(t) is given by

s(t) = Ac m(t)cos(2πfc t) (3)

and
c(t) = Ac cos(2πfc t) (4)
is the carrier and m(t) is the message signal. The frequency-domain representation of DSB-AM
signal is obtained by taking the Fourier transform of s(t) and results in

Ac Ac
S(f) = M (f − fc ) + M (f + fc ) (5)
2 2
where M(f ) is the Fourier transform of m(t).
SSB-AM SSB-AM is derived from DSB-AM by eliminating one of the sidebands. There are two
types of SSB-AM, USSB-AM and LSSB-AM. The s(t) is expressed as
Ac Ac
s(t) = m(t)cos(2πfc t) ∓ m̂sin(2πfc t) (6)
2 2
where the minus sign corresponds to USSB-AM and plus sign corresponds to LSSB-AM. m̂ is the
Hilbert transform of m(t).
Tasks:
1 To perform amplitude modulation using conventional approach.

2 To perform DSB-AM.
3 To perform SSB-AM.
4 To demodulate the modulated signal, s(t) using envelope detector method.

5 Plot the results in both frequency and time domain for all the above methods.

1
Note: You need to write the program using only basic mathematical equations. Do not use any
in-built MATLAB functions for modulation/demodulation. Use hilbert.m (MATLAB m-file) to com-
pute the Hilbert transform of m(t).

Expected Output: (Simulated Results for m(t) = Am sin(2πfa t) and c(t) = Ac cos(2πfc t)
with Am = 5(Amplitude of modulating signal); fa = 200(Frequency of modulating signal ); fc =
fa × 10(Frequency of carrier signal).

Figure 1: Simulation Results 1

Figure 2: Simulation Results 2

2
Figure 3: Simulation Results 3

Figure 4: Simulation Results 3

3
 Additional exercises:
1. Try with different modulation index and observe the results.
2. The message signal m(t) is given as

1,
 0 ≤ t ≤ t20
m(t) = −2, t20 < t < 2t30

0, otherwise


modulates the carrier c(t) = sin2πfc t and the resulting modulated signal is denoted by s(t). where
t0 = 0.30 s and fc = 200Hz. Write a MATLAB code and simulate for the following.
(a) Determine the expression for s(t).

(b) Determine the spectra of m(t) and s(t).

(c) If the message signal is periodic with period T0 = t0 , determine the power in the modulated
signal.
(d) If a noise is added to the modulated signal in part(c) such that the resulting SNR is 15 dB, find
the noise power.
(e) Demodulate the signal s(t) and obtain m(t). Plot the obtained results in both time and frequency
domains.