Supplementary Figure 1. Map of the oral cavity.

(1) Left lower and upper labial mucosa and buccal mucosa, (2) right lower and

upper labial mucosa and buccal mucosa, (3) hard palate, (4) soft palate, (5)

tongue (dorsum, lateral, and ventral), (6) floor of mouth. Participating sites were

encouraged to use the oral cavity diagram to assess ulcerations and staining.

Both the oral examiner and clinical staff were asked to use this diagram during

the oral exam and oral treatment interview, respectively.

Supplementary Figure 2. Cost per treatment course of nystatin or gentian

violet.

Cost of treatment with nystatin or gentian violet were compared using non-

parametric test (Mann Whitney, two-tailed) and a P-value <.05 was considered

significant.
Supplementary Table 1: Quantitative fungal counts in gentian violet (GV)

and nystatin (NYS) arms, evaluated in swabs collected at different time

points during the study

Sampling Mean log CFU* 95% CI

Time GV (N) NYS (N) (GV - NYS)

Entry 7.25 (88) 7.00 (87) -0.40, 0.89
End of

Treatment 6.94 (78) 5.89 (73) 0.32, 1.78

Week 6 6.74 (51) 6.59 (35) -0.88, 1.17
At Relapse 10.50 (3) 10.50 (3) -
*CFU= colony forming units
Supplementary Table 2. Cost per treatment course (U.S. dollars) for

nystatin (NYS) and gentian violet (GV).

Site N Drug Materials Labor Cost/Course

Durban, South Africa 1 NYS $37.48 $37.48
0 GV $0.012 $0.66 $0.14 $0.81
Harare, Zimbabwe 19 NYS $63.00 $63.00
18 GV $0.007 $0.93 $2.22 $3.15
Chennai, India 5 NYS $14.57 $14.57
13 GV $0.0004 $0.15 $0.23 $0.38
Kampala, Uganda 8 NYS $1.35 $1.35
5 GV $0.002 $13.40 $0.49 $13.89
Gaborone and 22 NYS $24.27 $24.27
29 GV $0.042 $1.20 $1.75 $2.99
Molepolole,

Botswana
Blantyre, Malawi 35 NYS $7.09 $7.09
22 GV $0.001 1.63 $0.71 $2.34
Kericho, Kenya 16 NYS $6.25 $6.25
13 GV $0.004 $1.23 $1.44 $2.67
Eldoret, Kenya 5 NYS $32.67 $32.67
10 GV $0.004 $0.38 $0.98 $1.37