CHANGED of ENTROPY

1). Aim:
Determined changed of entropy

2) Base theory:
Entropy is state function of system that can be used as state parameter. entropy as
internal energy, only depends on initial state and system final state, does not
depend on process of way. Entropy of a system which is isolated at one certain
process will increase or constant and have never decreased. Changes total of
entropy a system and environmental at one certain process is always higher or
equal to null. As a result, it can be written as follows.

ΔStotal = ΔSsystem + ΔSenvironment ≥ 0

Only idealized process have ΔS = 0. Real process have ΔS > 0. This, than, is
general statement of the second law of thermodynamic, which is “the total
entropy of
Any system plus that of it’s a environment increase as a result of any natural
process”.

Equation:

Q1 = Q2
m1 . C1 . Δt = m2 . C2 . Δt
m1 . C1. ( takhir – Tc) = m2 . C2 . (Tc – tawal)
ΔS = m1 . C1. (ln . Tc/T1) + m2 . C2 . (ln . Tc/T2)

3). Tools and Materials:

 Calorimeter
 Thermometer
 Heat water
 Water
 Calculator
 Neraca

4). Process :
1. we must balanced Calorimeter
2. we fill cold water in to calorimeter and then determined temperature by
thermometer
3. after that we measure the weight of calorimeter + water by neraca
 4. then we fill calorimeter with heat water and mixed with cold water and
determined the temperature
5. Measure again the weight and write the data.
6. we can repeat all of that until tree

5). Results:

Temperature :

Initial temperature Temperature of cold water Temperature of heat water

29 0 C 28 0 C 53 0 C
27 0 C 29 0 C 48 0 C
27 0 C 28 0 C 51 0 C

Mass:

Initial mass Mass of cold water Mass of cold water + heat

water
139,15 gr 217,7 gr 300,3 gr
139,15gr 212,75 gr 270,26 gr
139,15 gr 273,74 gr 310,75 gr

Experiment 1:

M1 = (mass of cold water + heat water) – mass of col water

= 300,3 – 217,7
= 82,6 gr
= 0.0826 kg

M2 = mass of cold water – initial mass

= 217,7 – 139,15
= 78,55 gr
= 0.0785 kg

T1 = 100 0 C + 273 = 373 0 K

T2 = 28 0 C + 273 = 301 0 K
TC = 53 0 C + 273 = 326 0 K

ΔS = m1 . C. (ln . Tc/T1) + m2 . C . (ln . Tc/T2)

= 0,0826 . (ln . 326/373) + 0,0785 ( ln . 326/301)
= 0,0826 . -0,1347 + 0,0785 . 0,0798
= -0,01113+ 6,26.10-3
= -4,866.10-3
Experiment 2 :

M1 = (mass of cold water + heat water) – mass of cold water

= 270,26 – 212,75
= 57,51 gr
= 0,0575 kg

M2 = mass of cold water – initial mass

= 212,75 – 139,15
= 73,6
= 0,0736 kg

T1 = 100 0 C + 273 = 373 0 K

T2 = 29 0 C + 273 = 302 0 K
TC = 48 0 C + 273 = 321 0 K

ΔS = m1 . C. (ln . Tc/T1) + m2 . C . (ln . Tc/T2)

= 0,0575 . (ln . 321/373) + 0,0736 . (ln. 321/302)
= 0,0575 . -0,15 + 0,0736 . 0,06
= -8,625.10-3 + 4,491.10-3
= -4,134.10-3

Experiment 3 ;

M1 = (mass of cold water + heat water) – mass of cold water

= 310,75 – 273,74
= 37,01 gr
= 0,037 kg

M2 = mass of cold water – initial mass

= 273,74 – 139,15
= 134,59
= 0,1346 kg

T1 = 100 0 C + 273 = 373 0 K

T2 = 28 0 C + 273 = 301 0 K
TC = 51 0 C + 273 = 324 0 K

ΔS = m1 . c. (ln . Tc/T1) + m2 . c . (ln . Tc/T2)

= 0,037 . (ln .324/373) + 0,1346 . (ln . 324/301)
= 0,037 . -0,141 + 0,1346 . 0,074
= -5,21.10-3 + 9,91.10-3
= 4,70.10-3
6). Summary :

From this experiment, we get 3 changed entropy that are:

Experiment 1 : Δs = -4,866.10-3
Experiment 2 : Δs = -4,134.10-3
Experiment 3 : Δs = 4,70.10-3
SMA NEGERI 4 DENPASAR
2009/2010
 GROUP 2

Nama Anggota :
 Dharmasena (09)
 Diah Ratna Iswari Sudewa (11)
 Dian Pratama (12)
 Dodi Hardiyanto (13)
 Dyah Asmariati (14)
 Eka Pratiwi (15)
 Fajar Kurniawan Hidayat (16)