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x
a) x + 3x → Valor numérico: 8 b) 2x − x2 → Valor numérico: 0 c) x + → Valor numérico: 3
2
VIDA COTIDIANA
120
= 9,23 h = 9 horas, 13 minutos y 51 segundos
13
RESUELVE EL RETO
x bicicletas → 7 − x triciclos
19 = 2x + 3(7 − x) → x = 2 → Tienen 2 bicicletas y 5 triciclos.
177
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
ACTIVIDADES
a) −8 + 4 ≠ −3 − 2 No se cumple. Sí es ecuación.
b) −1 + 3 + 1 = 2 + 1 Sí se cumple. No es ecuación.
a) −2 · (x + 4) = 4x − (6x + 8)
b) Respuesta abierta. Por ejemplo: −2·(x + 4) = 4x − (x + 1)
a) 4x − 5 = 9x
b) 9 − x = x + 3
c) x − 7x + 2 = 5x + 2
a) 2x − 1 = 3 5x − x + 2 = 2·(x + 3) 7 − 3x = x − 1
b) 6 − 3x = 2x + 1 5x − 7 = x − 3 4x + 5 = 3(x + 2)
178
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
a) 4x − x = 4 + 2 → 3x = 6 → x = 2 d) 4x + x = −4 − 6 → 5x = −10 → x = −2
b) −x − x = 5 − 7 → −2x = −2 → x = 1 e) −5x + 2x = 2 − 8 → −3x = −6 → x = 2
c) −3x + 2x = 5 − 1 → −x = 4 → x = −4 f) 9x − x = 9 − 1 → 8x = 8 → x = 1
5 ⋅ (5 + 3) = 4 ⋅ (5 + ) → 40 = 20 + 4 ⋅ → 20 = 4 ⋅ → =5
7x − 4 5x −2
a) 6 ⋅ = 6⋅ → 2 ⋅ (7 x − 4) = 3 ⋅ (5 x − 2) → 14 x − 8 = 15 x − 6 → − x = 2 → x = −2
3 2
1− 3 x x −1 5
b) 21⋅ = 21⋅ → 3 ⋅(1− 3 x ) = 7 ⋅( x − 1) → 3 − 9 x = 7 x − 7 → x =
7 3 8
3x x −5
c) 4 ⋅ = 4⋅ → 3 x = 2 ⋅( x − 5) → 3 x = 2 x − 10 → x = −10
4 2
x+4 x +1
d) 12 ⋅ = 12 ⋅ → 4 ⋅( x + 4) = 3 ⋅( x + 1) → 4 x + 16 = 3 x + 3 → x = −13
3 4
2x + 3 x −1
e) 12 ⋅ = 12 ⋅ → 4 ⋅(2 x + 3) = 3 ⋅( x − 1) → 8 x + 12 = 3 x − 3 → x = −3
3 4
179
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
a) 6 ⋅ x + x + 1 = 6 ⋅ ( x − 3) → 2 x + 3 x + 3 = 6 x − 18 → x = 21 c) 6 ⋅ x + x = 6 ⋅ 15 → 3 x + 2 x = 90 → x = 18
3 2 2 3
b) 4 ⋅ 3 x = 4 ⋅ x + 2 → 3 x = 2 x + 8 → x = 8 d) 4 ⋅ 2 − x = 4 ⋅ (−3 ) → 8 − x = − 12 → x = 20
4 2 4
a) 2 ⋅ 3 x + 4 − x + 3 = 0 → 6 x + 8 − x − 3 = 0 → x = −1
2
b) 18 ⋅ 5 x − x + 6 = 18 ⋅ x → 10 x − 6 x − 36 = 3 x → x = 36
9 3 6
c) 30 ⋅ 4 x − x + 5 = 30 ⋅ ( x − 10 ) → 24 x − 5 x − 25 = 30 x − 300 → x = 25
5 6
d) 6 ⋅ x − x − 1 = 6 ⋅ (−1) → 2 x − 3 x + 3 = −6 → x = 9
3 2
a) 15 ⋅ 3 x + 6 + 4 x = 15 ⋅ −11 → 9 x + 18 + 20 x = −11 → x = −1
5 3 15
b) 14 ⋅ 4 x + 1 = 14 ⋅ x − 2 x − 6 → 8 x + 2 = 7 x − 4 x + 12 → x = 2
7 2 7
c) 9 ⋅ 16 = 9 ⋅ 4 x + 4 + 2 − 2 x → 16 = 12 x + 12 + 2 − 2 x → x = 1
9 3 9 5
d) 6 ⋅ 3 x − 9 − 4 x + 4 = 6 ⋅ (−4 ) → 9 x − 27 − 8 x − 8 = −24 → x = 11
2 3
e) 60 ⋅ 2 x − 4 − 7 = 60 ⋅ x + 3 + 3 − 2 x → 40 x − 80 − 84 = 15 x + 45 + 36 − 24 x → x = 5
3 5 4 5
180
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
2
7 ± (−7) − 4 ⋅ 1⋅ 12 7 ± 49 − 48 7 ± 1 x1 = 4
a) x = = = =
2⋅1 2 2 x 2 = 3
2
9 ± (−9) − 4 ⋅ 1⋅ 18 9 ± 81− 72 9 ± 3 x1 = 6
b) x = = = =
2⋅1 2 2 x 2 = 3
2
8 ± (−8) − 4 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 8 8 ± 64 − 64 8 ± 0 x1 = 2
c) x = = = =
2⋅ 2 4 4 x 2 = 2
2
9 ± (−9) − 4 ⋅ 1⋅ 14 9 ± 81− 56 9 ± 5 x1 = 7
d) x = = = =
2⋅1 2 2 x 2 = 2
2
6 ± (−6) − 4 ⋅ 1⋅ 8 6 ± 36 − 32 6 ± 2 x1 = 4
e) x = = = =
2⋅1 2 2 x 2 = 2
2 x = 1
2 ± (−2) − 4 ⋅ 3 ⋅ (−1) 2 ± 4 + 12 2 ± 4 1
a) 3x2 − 2x − 1= 0 →x= = = =
2⋅ 3 6 6 x 2 = −1
3
x = 3
−26 ± 26 2 − 4 ⋅ (−8) ⋅ (−15) −26 ± 14 1 4
b) 2
− 8 x + 26 x − 15 = 0 →x= = =
2 ⋅ (−8) −16 5
x 2 =
2
181
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
1
−3 ± 5 x1 =
a) ∆ = 9 + 16 = 25 > 0 → Dos soluciones: x = = 2
4
x 2 = −2
1 ± −11
b) ∆ = 1 − 4 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 3 = − 11 < 0 → No hay soluciones reales: x =
2
x = −3 + 13
−3 ± 13 1 −2
c) ∆ = 9 − 4 ⋅ (−1) ⋅ 1= 13 > 0 → Dos soluciones: x = =
−2 −3 − 13
x2 =
−2
−4 ± 24 x1 = −2 + 6
d) ∆ = 16 − 4 ⋅ 1⋅ (− 2) = 24 > 0 → Dos soluciones: x = =
2 x = −2 − 6
2
x = 3 − 11
−6 ± 44 1 2
e) ∆ = 36 − 4 ⋅ (− 2) ⋅ 1 = 44 > 0 → Dos soluciones: x = =
−4 3 + 11
x 2 =
2
x = −5 + 73
−5 ± 73 1 8
f) ∆ = 25 − 4 ⋅ 4 ⋅ (− 3) = 73 > 0 → Dos soluciones: x = =
8 − 5 − 73
x 2 =
8
6 ± 20 x1 = 3 + 5
g) ∆ = 36 − 4 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 4 = 20 > 0 → Dos soluciones: x = =
2 x = 3 − 5
2
−2 ± 0
h) ∆ = 4 − 4 ⋅ (−1) ⋅ (−1) = 0 → Una solución: x = = x =1
−2
a) −(−1)2 + (−1) + c = 0 → c = 2
b) −(−3)2 + (−3) + c = 0 → c = 12
9
a) x 2 + 3 x + c = 0 → ∆ = 9 − 4c > 0 → c < → La ecuación podría ser x2 + 3x + 2 = 0
4
182
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
9
e) x 2 − 3 x + c = 0 → ∆ = 9 − 4c < 0 → c > → La ecuación podría ser x2 − 3x + 5 = 0
4
Dos soluciones: x2 + 4x − 1 = 0
Una solución doble: x2 − 2x + 1 = 0
Sin soluciones: x2 + x + 2 = 0
x1 = 0 x = 2
a) x 2 − 6 x = 0 → x ⋅ ( x − 6) = 0 → e) 5 x 2 = 10 → x 2 = 2 → 1
x 2 = 6 x = − 2
2
x1 = 7 x1 = 0
b) x 2 − 49 = 0 → x 2 = 49 → f) x 2 = x → x ⋅ ( x − 1) = 0 →
x2 = −7 x 2 = 1
x1 = 0 x1 = 0
c) x ⋅ ( x + 3) = 0 → g) 4 x 2 + 4 x = 0 → 4 x ⋅ ( x + 1) = 0 →
x 2 = −3 x 2 = −1
x1 = 0 x1 = 0
d) −2 x 2 + 6 x = 0 → −2 x ⋅ ( x − 3) = 0 → h) − x 2 + x = 0 → − x ⋅ ( x − 1) = 0 →
x 2 = 3 x 2 = 1
x1 = 0
a) 10 x 2 − 5 x − 7 x = 0 → 10 x 2 − 12 x = 0 → 2 x ⋅ (5 x − 6) = 0 →
x 2 = 6
5
x1 = 2
b) ( x − 2) ⋅ (3 x + 7) = 0 →
x 2 = −7
3
183
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
x1 = 0
x1 = 0
a) x 2 + 7 x = 0 → x ⋅ ( x + 7) = 0 → e) 10 x 2 − 11x = 0 → x ⋅ (10 x − 11) = 0 →
x 2 = −7 x 2 = 11
10
x1 = 0 x1 = 0
b) 6 x 2 = 0 → x 2 = 0 → f) x 2 + 9 x = 0 → x ⋅ ( x + 9) = 0 →
x 2 = 0 x 2 = −9
x1 = 0
x1 = 0
c) −4 x 2 + 5 x = 0 → x ⋅ (−4 x + 5) = 0 → g) − x 2 − x = 0 → − x ⋅ ( x + 1) = 0 →
x 2 = 5 x 2 = −1
4
x1 = 0
x1 = 0
d) 14 x 2 + x = 0 → x ⋅ (14 x + 1) = 0 → h) 9 x 2 = 0 → x 2 = 0 →
x 2 = −1 x 2 = 0
14
x1 = 0 x = 10
a) x 2 = 5 x → x ⋅ ( x − 5) = 0 → e) −x 2 + 10 = 0 → 1
x 2 = 5 x = − 10
2
x1 = 2 x1 = 1
b) 4 x 2 = 16 → f) 10 x 2 − 10 = 0 →
x 2 = −2 x 2 = −1
x1 = 8 x = 6
c) x 2 − 64 = 0 → g) −x 2 = −6 → 1
x 2 = −8 x = − 6
2
x1 = 0 x1 = 3
d) − x 2 = 8 x → − x ⋅ ( x + 8) = 0 → h) 9 x 2 − 81 = 0 → x 2 = 9 →
x 2 = −8 x 2 = −3
−2 ± 4 + 60 x1 = 3
a) x 2 + 2 x = 15 → x 2 + 2 x − 15 = 0 → x = =
2 x 2 = −5
−4 ± 16 − 8 x1 = −2 + 2
b) x 2 + 4 x + 12 = 10 → x 2 + 4 x + 2 = 0 → x = =
2 x = −2 − 2
2
−5 ± 25 − 16 x1 = −1
c) x − ( x 2 + 6 x + 9) = −5 → x 2 + 5 x + 4 = 0 → x = =
2 x 2 = −4
184
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
−1+ 5
x =
2 2 −1± 1+ 4 1 2
d) 2 + x − 2 x − x = 1 → x + x − 1 = 0 → x = =
2 −1− 5
x2 =
2
1 ± 1 + 24 x1 = 3
e) x 2 − x = 6 → x 2 − x − 6 = 0 → x = =
2 x 2 = −2
x = −3 + 21
2 2 −6 ± 36 + 48 1 4
f) 8 x + 12 x − 6 = 0 → 4 x + 6 x − 3 = 0 → x = =
8 −3 − 21
x2 =
4
8 ± 64 − 64
g) x 2 − 8 x + 16 = 0 → x = = { x1 = x 2 = 4
2
x = 3 + 77
3 ± 9 + 68 1 −2
2 2
h) 3 x − x + 15 − 5 x = x − 2 → − x − 3 x + 17 = 0 → x = =
−2 3 − 77
x 2 =
−2
x1 = 0
i) − x ⋅ (7 − x ) = 0 →
x 2 = 7
Respuesta abierta. Por ejemplo: «Si al triple del dinero que tengo le quito 6 € me quedan 92 €.»
(2 x − 1) ⋅ (2 x + 1) = 483
185
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
−1 ± 1 + 168 x1 = 6
x + x 2 = 42 → x + x 2 − 42 = 0 → x = =
2 x 2 = −7
ACTIVIDADES FINALES
186
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
x =3
a) x ⋅ ( x + 5) = 7 x + 3 → 3 ⋅ 8 = 21+ 3 → Sí es solución.
b) x=3
x 3 = 27 → 3 3 = 27 → Sí es solución.
c) x =3
− x + 3 = 0
→ −3 + 3 = 0 → Sí es solución.
d) x=3
x2 = 3 x → 32 = 3 ⋅ 3 → Sí es solución.
e) x =3
− x − 3 = 0 → −3 − 3 ≠ 0 → No es solución.
f) 2 x=3
x + 9 = 0 2
→3 + 9 ≠ 0 → No es solución.
x =3
g) x ⋅ ( x − 2) − 3 = x ⋅ ( x − 3) → 3 ⋅ 1− 3 = 3 ⋅ 0 → Sí es solución.
2 x =3
h) ( x − 1) − 4 = 0 → 22 − 4 = 0 → Sí es solución.
2 x − 10 = 4 → x = 7
b) 2 x − 10 = x → x = 10 → No son equivalentes.
c) 3 x − 10 = 11 → x = 7 → Sí son equivalentes.
187
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
x x x
a) 2 x + 5 = 13 c) x2 − 4 = 3x e) 2 x + 2 x + 2 + 2 x + 4 = 48 g) + = +1
3 5 2
x
b) + 3 = 10 d) x + y = 16 f) x 3 − y 3 = 61
2
188
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
a) 3 x − 10 = 4 x + 2 → − x = 12 → x = − 12 f) 2x − 4 + 7x = 8x + 5 − 2x → 3x = 9 → x = 3
b) − x + 5 = 6 x − 9 → − 7 x = − 14 → x = 2 g) 7 x + 9 = − x + 1 → 8 x = −8 → x = −1
c) − 5 x − 13 = − 2 x − 4 → − 3 x = 9 → x = − 3 h) −5 x − 3 + 4 x + 7 = 0 → − x = −4 → x = 4
1
d) 9 x − 8 = 8 x − 9 → x = −1 i) 9 x + 8 = −7 x + 16 → 16 x = 8 → x =
2
e) −6 + 8 x = −3 + 5 x → 3 x = 3 → x = 1 j) − 3 x − 42 = − 2 x − 7 → − x = 35 → x = − 35
a) 4 x + 3( x − 2) = 9( x − 1) + 7 → 4 x + 3 x − 6 = 9 x − 9 + 7 → − 2 x = 4 → x = − 2
b) (− 7 + x ) ⋅ (− 5) = 10 → 35 − 5 x = 10 → − 5 x = − 25 → x = 5
c) 8 x − 2( x + 1) = 4 x + 3( x + 6) → 8 x − 2 x − 2 = 4 x + 3 x + 18 → − x = 20 → x = − 20
d) − 4(5 − 2 x ) + 3 = 2(− x ) − 7 → − 20 + 8 x + 3 = − 2 x − 7 → 10 x = 10 → x = 1
e) 6 x − (3 x − 4) + 5 = 15 → 6 x − 3 x + 4 + 5 = 15 → 3 x = 6 → x = 2
f) x − 8 − 2(7 − 5 x ) = 0 → x − 8 − 14 + 10 x = 0 → 11x = 22 → x = 2
x −1 2x x −1 2x
a) = → 15 ⋅ = 15 ⋅ → 5 ⋅ ( x − 1) = 3 ⋅ (2 x ) → x = −5
3 5 3 5
x + 3 x −1 x +3 x −1
b) = → 12 ⋅ = 12 ⋅ → 3 ⋅ ( x + 3) = 4 ⋅ ( x − 1) → x = 13
4 3 4 3
5x − 2 3x + 1 5x − 2 3x +1
c) = → 12 ⋅ = 12 ⋅ → 2 ⋅ (5 x − 2) = 3 ⋅ (3 x + 1) → x = 7
6 4 6 4
4x x + 6 4x x +6
d) = → 10 ⋅ = 10 ⋅ → 2 ⋅ (4 x ) = 5 ⋅ ( x + 6) → x = 10
5 2 5 2
189
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
x
a) 6 − x = 1− → 12 − 2 x = 2 − x → x = 10
2
x x
b) 3 − = → 30 − 2 x = x → x = 10
5 10
c) x − x = −1 → 12 ⋅ x − x = −1⋅ 12 → 3 x − 2 x = −12 → x = −12
4 6 4 6
3x
d) x − = 18 → 5 x − 3 x = 90 → x = 45
5
2x x + 4 x − 4
e) − = → 48 x − 21x − 84 = 28 x − 112 → x = 28
7 8 6
x +1 x + 5
f) x − = → 4 x − x − 1 = 2 x + 10 → x = 11
4 2
x + 3 x −1 x
a) − = → 15 x + 45 − 6 x + 6 = 10 x → x = 51
2 5 3
3−2x 5− 3x x
b) − = → 12 − 8 x − 45 + 27 x = 18 x → x = 33
9 4 2
1− 4 x 1+ 3 x x 1
c) − = → 8 − 32 x − 3 − 9 x = 4 x → x =
3 8 6 9
x + 9 x −5 x −2
d) − = → 3 x + 27 − 5 x + 25 = 10 x − 20 → x = 6
10 6 3
x +1 x + 3 x
e) x − − = → 20 x − 10 x − 10 − 4 x − 12 = 5 x → x = 22
2 5 4
10 − 3 x x + 1 17 x 48
f) − − = → 90 − 27 x − 8 x − 8 − 34 = 12 x → x =
8 9 36 6 47
190
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
191
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
b) El error es realizar 7 − 2 en el primer miembro en vez de multiplicar 7 por −2; además, en el último paso el
coeficiente no debe cambiar de signo al pasar dividiendo al segundo miembro:
7 ⋅( x − 2) = 4 x + 1 → 7 x −14 = 4 x + 1 → 3 x = 15 → x = 5
192
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
a) ⋅ 2 − 2 = 10 → ⋅ 2 = 12 → =6 e) 3 ⋅ (2 + 2) − 4 ⋅ 2 = ⋅ 2 → 12 − 8 = ⋅ 2 → =2
b) 7 ⋅ 2 + = 25 → = 25 − 14 → = 11 f) 2 − 3(2 − ) = 4 ⋅ 2 → 2 − = −2 → =4
c) 3 ⋅ 2 + 7 = → 13 = g) −2 + 2( ⋅ 2 − 4) = 2 → 2( ⋅ 2 − 4) = 4 → ⋅ 2 = 6 → =3
b) ( x + 2) ⋅ ( x − 3) = 2 → x 2 − x − 8 = 0 d) ( x + 1) ⋅ ( x − 4) = 2 x 2 − 2 x
193
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
5+1
x = =3
5 ± 25 − 24 5 ± 1 1 2
a) x= = →
2 2 5 −1
x 2 = =2
2
4 ± 16 − 104 4 ± −88
b) x = = → No tiene solución.
4 4
−8 ± 64 − 64 −8 ± 0
c) x = = = −4 (doble)
2 2
−2 + 14
−2 ± 4 + 192 −2 ± 196 x1 = =2
d) 6
x= = →
6 6 −2 − 14 8
x 2 = =−
6 3
2± 4−4 2± 0
e) x = = = 1 (doble)
2 2
3 ± 9 − 28 3 ± −19
f) x = = → No tiene solución.
14 14
−4 + 6
4 ± 16 + 20 −4 ± 36 x1 = =1
g) x= = → 2
−2 2 x = −4 − 6 = −5
2 2
9 + 27
x = =6
9 ± 81+ 648 9 ± 729 1 6
h) x = = =
6 6 9 − 27
x2 = = −3
6
a) ∆ = 25 − 24 = 1 > 0 → 2 soluciones
b) ∆ = 36 + 64 = 100 > 0 → 2 soluciones
c) ∆ = 64 − 64 = 0 → 1 solución doble
d) ∆ = 1 + 4 = 5 > 0 → 2 soluciones
e) ∆ = 64 − 64 = 0 → 1 solución doble
f) ∆ = 16 − 104 = −88 < 0 → Sin solución
g) ∆ = 9 − 28 = −19 < 0 → Sin solución
h) ∆ = (−3)2 − 4 · 2 · 2 = −7 < 0 → Sin solución
194
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
Los apartados a), b), e), f) y g) tienen dos soluciones distintas ya que su discriminante es positivo, y los apartados
c) y d) tienen una solución doble ya que su discriminante es cero.
195
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
196
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
−4 ± 4 x1 = −1
a) x 2 + 4 x + 2 = −1 → x 2 + 4 x + 3 = 0 → x = =
2 x 2 = −3
3 ± 49 x1 = 5
b) x 2 − 3 x − 9 = 1 → x 2 − 3 x − 10 = 0 → x = =
2 x 2 = −2
3 ± 25 x1 = 4
c) 3 x 2 − 6 x = x 2 + 8 → x 2 − 3 x − 4 = 0 → x = =
2 x 2 = −1
−1 ± 25 x1 = 2
d) 4 x 2 + 4 x − 30 = − x 2 − x → x 2 + x − 6 = 0 → x = =
2 x 2 = −3
3 ± 25 x1 = −4
e) −2 x 2 − 2 x − x = − x 2 − 4 → − x 2 − 3 x + 4 = 0 → x = =
−2 x 2 = 1
x2 x = 16 = 4
− 4 + 2 x = 2 x + 4 → x 2 − 16 = 0 →
1
f)
2 x = − 16 = −4
2
x = 1 = 1
2 2 1 1 4 2
g) 8 x − 2 = 0 → x = →
4
x 2 = − 1 = − 1
4 2
x = 1
3 ± 1 1
h) 4 x 2 + 2 = 6 x → 2 x 2 − 3 x + 1 = 0 → x = =
4 x 2 = 1
2
4± 0 1
i) 7 x 2 − 7 x + 2 = x − x 2 → 4 x 2 − 4 x + 1 = 0 → x = = (doble)
8 2
197
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
3 x − 2 = 0 → x = 2
3 2 x + 4 = 0 → x = −2 2 x + 2 = 0 → x = −1
a) b) c) 2
−1 − x + 5 = 0 → x = 5 x − 9 = 0 → x = ±3
2 x + 1 = 0 → x =
2
c) 2x2 + 1= 0
d) 6x2 − x − 2 = 0
a)
1 −4 −4 16
4 4 0 −16
1 0 −4 0 → (x − 4) · (x2 − 4) = 0 → x1 = 4, x2 = 2, x3 = −2
7
b) x2 · (1 + 2x − 8) = 0 → x1 = 0, x2 =
2
f) x · (x2 − 6x + 8) = 0 → x · (x − 2) · (x − 4) = 0 → x1 = 0, x2 = 2, x3 = 4
198
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
a) 2( x − 2)2 + 14 − 5 = 11 → x 2 − 4 x + 3 = 0 → x1 = 3, x2 = 1
14 053 14 053
b) 6( x 2 − 4) − 5(14 x + 35) = 3(52 x + 5) → x1 = 113 + , x2 = 113 −
6 6 6 6
e) x 2 + x − 2 = 2 + x 2 − x − 12 → x = −4
3 4 16
f) x x + = 0 → x1 = 0, x2 = −
4 5 15
x x x
a) 2 x + = 135 → 8 x + x = 540 → x = 60 e) − = −3 → 2 x − 3 x = −18 → x = 18
4 3 2
x −8 −5 ± 9 x1 = 2
b) = 3 → x − 8 = 6 → x = 14 f) x ⋅ ( x + 5) = 14 → x 2 + 5 x − 14 = 0 → x = =
2 2 x 2 = −7
x = 2
x2 x +1 4 ± 64 1
c) x ⋅ 2 x = 512 → 2 x 2 = 512 → x 2 = 256 → x = ± 16 g) = → 3x2 − 4x − 4 = 0 → x = =
4 3 6 x 2 = −2
3
d) 2 ⋅ ( x + 4) = − 12 → 2 x + 8 = − 12 → x = − 10
x + x + 1 + x + 2 = 108 → 3 x = 105 → x = 35 → Por tanto, los tres números son 35, 36 y 37.
199
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
x +1 x x
− = → 35 x + 35 − 21x = 15 x → x = 35 → Por tanto, los números son 35 y 36.
3 5 7
x x
x+ + + 9 = 50 → 41x = 1 230 → x = 30
5 6
−1± 11
a) ARectángulo = ( x + 3) ⋅ ( x − 2) = 24 → x 2 + x − 30 = 0 → x = → x1 = 5, x2 = −6
2
Descartando la solución negativa, los lados del triángulo miden 6 cm, 8 cm y 10 cm.
200
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
x = dinero ahorrado en €.
2 1 3 2
x + ⋅ x + 16 = x → 16 = x → x = 40 € tenía ahorrados.
5 3 5 5
2 x 2 ⋅ 40 1 2 x 1
= = 16 € se gasta en el regalo. ⋅x − = ⋅ (40 − 16 ) = 8 € se gasta en el libro.
5 5 3 5 3
x = longitud de la cuerda.
x x x
x − + + = 30 → 10 x − 5 x − 2 x − x = 300 → x = 150 m
2 5 10
201
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
x
x x+
x = mujeres → = niños → 2 = x hombres x+
x x
+ = 288 → 2 x = 288 → x = 144
2 3 2 2 2
x x
x − + = 28
5 10
→ x − x + x = 28 → x = 40 vecinos hay en total.
5 10
202
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
a)
Miguel Alberto
Actualidad x+2 x
Hace 4 años x−2 x−4
3
x − 4 = ⋅ ( x − 2) → 4 x − 16 = 3 x − 6 → x = 10
4
x
Edad de María = x → Edad de los gemelos =
8
x x
x+ + = 40 → 8 x + 2 x = 320 → x = 32
8 8
Padre Hijo
Actualidad 35 8
Hace x años 35 − x 8−x
Dentro de y años 35 + y 8+y
35 − x = 10(8 − x ) → x = 5 → Hace 5 años el padre tenía diez veces la edad del hijo.
35 + y = 2(8 + y ) → y = 19 → Dentro de 19 años la edad del padre será el doble de la del hijo.
203
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
x x x
+ + + 20 = x → 6 x + 6 x + x + 360 = 18 x → x = 72 pasteles.
3 3 18
204
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
b) 2 x + 5 = 19
a) 3x + 6 − 4 = 2x + 3 → x = 1
b) 12 ⋅ 2 − x + 1 + x = 12 ⋅ 3 − x → 8 − 4 x + 6 + 6 x = 9 − 3 x → x = −1
3 2 4
−4 ± 36 x1 = 1 x = 2
a) x = = c) 2 x 2 = 4 → x 2 = 2 → 1
2 x 2 = −5 x = − 2
2
x1 = 0
b) 2 x ⋅ ( x − 2) = 0 → d) x = 0 doble
x 2 = 2
205
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
206
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
−1 ± 25 x1 = 2 −2 ± 36 x1 = 2
x2 + x − 6 = 0 → x = = x2 + 2x − 8 = 0 → x = =
2 x 2 = −3 2 x 2 = −4
−1 −1
x = x =
2 −1 ± 25 1 3 2 −2 ± 36 1 4
−6 x + x + 1 = 0 → x = = −8 x + 2 x + 1 = 0 → x = =
−12 1 −16 1
x 2 = x 2 =
2 2
2 2 2 2
b) s1 ⋅ r2 = −b + b − 4 ac ⋅ −b − b − 4 ac = b − b + 4 ac = 4 ac = 1
2a 2c 4 ac 4 ac
−b − b 2 − 4 ac −b + b 2 − 4 ac b 2 − b 2 + 4 ac 4 ac
s2 ⋅ r1 = ⋅ = = =1
2a 2c 4 ac 4 ac
−1 ± 25 x1 = 2 1 ± 25 x1 = 3
x2 + x − 6 = 0 → x = = x2 − x − 6 = 0 → x = =
2 x 2 = −3 2 x 2 = −2
−2 ± 36 x1 = 2 2 ± 36 x1 = 4
x2 + 2x − 8 = 0 → x = = x2 − 2x − 8 = 0 → x = =
2 x 2 = −4 2 x 2 = −2
Si x1 y x2 son las soluciones de ax2 + bx + c = 0, entonces las soluciones de ax2 − bx + c = 0 serán las opuestas.
2 2
b) s1 + r2 = −b + b − 4 ac + b − b − 4 ac = 0 = 0
2a 2a 2a
−b − b 2 − 4 ac b + b 2 − 4 ac 0
s2 + r1 = + = =0
2a 2a 2a
207
Ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado 6
PRUEBAS PISA
208